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Alex Haley

Ossie Davis

The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley

by Malcolm X (Author), Alex Haley (Author), Attallah Shabazz (Author) Format: Mass Market Paperback

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NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • ONE OF TIME’S TEN MOST IMPORTANT NONFICTION BOOKS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The “extraordinary” (The New York Times) autobiography of the legendary civil rights leader once called the most dangerous man in America—essential reading for anyone who wants to understand this nation’s history

In the searing pages of this classic biography, Malcolm X, the Muslim leader, firebrand, and activist, tells the remarkable story of his life and the growth of the Black Muslim movement to veteran writer and journalist Alex Haley. Haley worked with Malcolm X for nearly two years; all the while, Malcolm did “not expect to live long enough to read this book in its finished form.” As clear-eyed about his own fate as he was about the plight of his community, Malcolm saw his truth-telling as a gift that would live beyond his own mortality.

Raised in Lansing, Michigan, Malcolm Little journeyed on a road to fame as astonishing as it was unpredictable. Drifting from childhood poverty to petty crime, Malcolm found himself in jail. It was there that he encountered the teachings of the Black Muslim leader Elijah Muhammad. The newly renamed Malcolm X devoted himself body and soul to Islam, quickly becoming the Nation’s foremost spokesman. When his conscience forced him to leave the group, Malcolm founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity to spread an inspiring message of pride, power, and self-determination across the country.

The Autobiography of Malcolm X stands as the definitive statement of a movement and a man whose work was never completed but whose message is timeless. This commemorative edition, published on the 100th anniversary of Malcolm X’s birth, is both a celebration of the lasting impact of his story and a chance to interrogate how far we’ve collectively come. In revisiting his incisive perspective on the lies and limitations of the American Dream, we gain extraordinary insight into the most urgent issues of our own time.

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Print length

460 pages
Language

English
Publisher

One World
Publication date

November 1, 1992
Dimensions

4.15 x 1 x 6.83 inches
ISBN-10

0345350685
ISBN-13

978-0345350688

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From the Publisher

A fascinating perspective on the lies and limitations of the American Dream;malcolm x;

Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Malcolm X's searing memoir belongs on the small shelf of great autobiographies. The reasons are many: the blistering honesty with which he recounts his transformation from a bitter, self-destructive petty criminal into an articulate political activist, the continued relevance of his militant analysis of white racism, and his emphasis on self-respect and self-help for African Americans. And there's the vividness with which he depicts black popular culture--try as he might to criticize those lindy hops at Boston's Roseland dance hall from the perspective of his Muslim faith, he can't help but make them sound pretty wonderful. These are but a few examples. The Autobiography of Malcolm X limns an archetypal journey from ignorance and despair to knowledge and spiritual awakening. When Malcolm tells coauthor Alex Haley, "People don't realize how a man's whole life can be changed by one book," he voices the central belief underpinning every attempt to set down a personal story as an example for others. Although many believe his ethic was directly opposed to Martin Luther King Jr.'s during the civil rights struggle of the '60s, the two were not so different. Malcolm may have displayed a most un-Christian distaste for loving his enemies, but he understood with King that love of God and love of self are the necessary first steps on the road to freedom. --Wendy Smith

Review

“Extraordinary . . . a brilliant, painful, important book.”—The New York Times

“This book will have a permanent place in the literature of the Afro-American struggle.”—I. F. Stone

“Malcolm X’s autobiography seemed to offer something different. His repeated acts of self-creation spoke to me; the blunt poetry of his words, his unadorned insistence on respect, promised a new and uncompromising order, martial in its discipline, forged through sheer force of will.”—Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father

“A great book . . . Its dead level honesty, its passion, its exalted purpose, will make it stand as a monument to the most painful truth.”—The Nation

“The most important book I’ll ever read, it changed the way I thought, it changed the way I acted. It has given me courage I didn’t know I had inside me. I’m one of hundreds of thousands whose lives were changed for the better.”—Spike Lee

From the Back Cover

If there was any one man who articulated the anger, the struggle, and the beliefs of African Americans in the 1960s, that man was Malxolm X. His AUTOBIOGRAPHY is now an established classic of modern America, a book that expresses like none other the crucial truth about our times.
"Extraordinary. A brilliant, painful, important book."
TEH NEW YORKTIMES

About the Author

Alex Haley is the world-renowned author of Roots, which has sold six million hardcover copies and has been translated into thirty languages. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. Alex Haley died in February 1992.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 1

NIGHTMARE

When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded Ku Klux Klan riders galloped up to our home in Omaha, Nebraska, one night. Surrounding the house, brandishing their shotguns and rifles, they shouted for my father to come out. My mother went to the front door and opened it. Standing where they could see her pregnant condition, she told them that she was alone with her three small children, and that my father was away, preaching, in Milwaukee. The Klansmen shouted threats and warnings at her that we had better get out of town because “the good Christian white people” were not going to stand for my father’s “spreading trouble” among the “good” Negroes of Omaha with the “back to Africa” preachings of Marcus Garvey.

My father, the Reverend Earl Little, was a Baptist minister, a dedicated organizer for Marcus Aurelius Garvey’s U.N.I.A. (Universal Negro Improvement Association). With the help of such disciples as my father, Garvey, from his headquarters in New York City’s Harlem, was raising the banner of black-race purity and exhorting the Negro masses to return to their ancestral African homeland—a cause which had made Garvey the most controversial black man on earth.
Still shouting threats, the Klansmen finally spurred their horses and galloped around the house, shattering every window pane with their gun butts. Then they rode off into the night, their torches flaring, as suddenly as they had come.

My father was enraged when he returned. He decided to wait until I was born—which would be soon—and then the family would move. I am not sure why he made this decision, for he was not a frightened Negro, as most then were, and many still are today. My father was a big, six-foot-four, very black man. He had only one eye. How he had lost the other one I have never known. He was from Reynolds, Georgia, where he had left school after the third or maybe fourth grade. He believed, as did Marcus Garvey, that freedom, independence and self-respect could never be achieved by the Negro in America, and that therefore the Negro should leave America to the white man and return to his African land of origin. Among the reasons my father had decided to risk and dedicate his life to help disseminate this philosophy among his people was that he had seen four of his six brothers die by violence, three of them killed by white men, including one by lynching. What my father could not know then was that of the remaining three, including himself, only one, my Uncle Jim, would die in bed, of natural causes. Northern white police were later to shoot my Uncle Oscar. And my father was finally himself to die by the white man’s hands.

It has always been my belief that I, too, will die by violence. I have done all that I can to be prepared.

I was my father’s seventh child. He had three children by a previous marriage—Ella, Earl, and Mary, who lived in Boston. He had met and married my mother in Philadelphia, where their first child, my oldest full brother, Wilfred, was born. They moved from Philadelphia to Omaha, where Hilda and then Philbert were born.

I was next in line. My mother was twenty-eight when I was born on May 19, 1925, in an Omaha hospital. Then we moved to Milwaukee, where Reginald was born. From infancy, he had some kind of hernia condition which was to handicap him physically for the rest of his life.

Louise Little, my mother, who was born in Grenada, in the British West Indies, looked like a white woman. Her father was white. She had straight black hair, and her accent did not sound like a Negro’s. Of this white father of hers, I know nothing except her shame about it. I remember hearing her say she was glad that she had never seen him. It was, of course, because of him that I got my reddish-brown “mariny” color of skin, and my hair of the same color. I was the lightest child in our family. (Out in the world later on, in Boston and New York, I was among the millions of Negroes who were insane enough to feel that it was some kind of status symbol to be light-complexioned—that one was actually fortunate to be born thus. But, still later, I learned to hate every drop of that white rapist’s blood that is in me.)

Our family stayed only briefly in Milwaukee, for my father wanted to find a place where he could raise our own food and perhaps build a business. The teaching of Marcus Garvey stressed becoming independent of the white man. We went next, for some reason, to Lansing, Michigan. My father bought a house and soon, as had been his pattern, he was doing freelance Christian preaching in local Negro Baptist churches, and during the week he was roaming about spreading word of Marcus Garvey.

He had begun to lay away savings for the store he had always wanted to own when, as always, some stupid local Uncle Tom Negroes began to funnel stories about his revolutionary beliefs to the local white people. This time, the get-out-of-town threats came from a local hate society called The Black Legion. They wore black robes instead of white. Soon, nearly everywhere my father went, Black Legionnaires were reviling him as an “uppity nigger” for wanting to own a store, for living outside the Lansing Negro district, for spreading unrest and dissention among “the good niggers.”

As in Omaha, my mother was pregnant again, this time with my youngest sister. Shortly after Yvonne was born came the nightmare night in 1929, my earliest vivid memory. I remember being suddenly snatched awake into a frightening confusion of pistol shots and shouting and smoke and flames. My father had shouted and shot at the two white men who had set the fire and were running away. Our home was burning down around us. We were lunging and bumping and tumbling all over each other trying to escape. My mother, with the baby in her arms, just made it into the yard before the house crashed in, showering sparks. I remember we were outside in the night in our underwear, crying and yelling our heads off. The white police and firemen came and stood around watching as the house burned down to the ground.

My father prevailed on some friends to clothe and house us temporarily; then he moved us into another house on the outskirts of East Lansing. In those days Negroes weren’t allowed after dark in East Lansing proper. There’s where Michigan State University is located; I related all of this to an audience of students when I spoke there in January, 1963 (and had the first reunion in a long while with my younger brother, Robert, who was there doing postgraduate studies in psychology). I told them how East Lansing harassed us so much that we had to move again, this time two miles out of town, into the country. This was where my father built for us with his own hands a four-room house. This is where I really begin to remember things—this home where I started to grow up.”

After the fire, I remember that my father was called in and questioned about a permit for the pistol with which he had shot at the white men who set the fire. I remember that the police were always dropping by our house, shoving things around, “just checking” or “looking for a gun.” The pistol they were looking for—which they never found, and for which they wouldn’t issue a permit—was sewed up inside a pillow. My father’s .22 rifle and his shotgun, though, were right out in the open; everyone had them for hunting birds and rabbits and other game.

Publisher ‏ : ‎ One World
Publication date ‏ : ‎ November 1, 1992
Edition ‏ : ‎ Reissue
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Print length ‏ : ‎ 460 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0345350685
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0345350688
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 4.15 x 1 x 6.83 inches
Best Sellers Rank: #3,582 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1 in Civil Rights & Liberties (Books)
- #1 in Islam (Books)
- #2 in African American Demographic Studies (Books)
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Alex Haley
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Customers say

Customers find this autobiography to be a must-read that should be required reading in high schools, offering a complete text of Malcolm X's life story. The book is well-written, with one customer noting it's masterfully ghost written, and customers say it's life-changing, with one describing it as one of the greatest stories of redemption. The print size receives criticism for being too small to comfortably read.

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1063 customers mention content, 1028 positive, 35 negative

Customers find the book wonderful and highly recommend it, describing it as brilliant and a must-read.

Five Stars!!!!!!!!!!Read more

The epilogue to this book is simply powerful. Great book. Crazy and inspirational life. Scary to think how this could have happened so easily.Read more

A must read. Malcolm served humanity by speaking truth to power; regardless of the consequences. He developed into a stellar example of black manhood.Read more

It’s a great read and so amazing to be able to hear it from some of from Malcolm’s own words and Alex Haley’s first hand experience with Malcolm....Read more

274 customers mention readability, 255 positive, 19 negative

Customers find the book incredibly readable and beautiful, with many considering it required reading that should be mandatory in schools.

In 2025, what has changed? Amazing read. Best book I’ve read in my life. This should be required reading in every academic institution.Read more

Excellent read. I recommend this book to everyone.Read more

...I don't care what race or religion you are I believe everyone should read this book, it will change the way you like at your life and the people...Read more

A very good readRead more

82 customers mention autobiography, 82 positive, 0 negative

Customers praise this autobiography as a must-read piece of important history, appreciating its complete text of the original work.

Amazing man, amazing autobiography.Read more

Great biographyRead more

Great autobiography. Read this 40 years ago and i routinely read it and find something new each time....Read more

One of the best biographies that Ipve ever read. Not because of the writing style,but because of the protagonist itself....Read more

79 customers mention writing quality, 76 positive, 3 negative

Customers praise the writing quality of the autobiography, noting it is one of the best books about Malcolm X, with the afterword by Alex Haley being particularly well-crafted.

It was well written and a must read. You can see how his philosophy changed and was shaped by his experiences and the times he lived in....Read more

...This book is the raw truth. Very well written too. You find yourself emerged in the landscape Malcom describes. An American classic.Read more

Wonderfully written. Important work of American history. The transformation of a civil rights icon....Read more

...It was a great book about a great man, by a great writerRead more

76 customers mention story, 73 positive, 3 negative

Customers love the story of Malcolm X, describing it as an amazing chronicle of his life and a tale of personal change that has inspired them to live better lives.

Great story of a cheap crook who became a leader of black people against white oppressors, and then found reason to change his hatred into...Read more

The amazing story of one of the most controversial figures of the Mid Twentieth Century....Read more

...The level of detail and numerous near misses make for a fascinating story....Read more

A wonderful story about a wonderful life, gone too soon. He was not perfect, but he spoke the truth.Read more

67 customers mention life-changing, 66 positive, 1 negative

Customers find the book life-changing, with several noting they were forever transformed by reading it.

Life changing! I felt like I was sitting down in my living room with brother Malcolm!...Read more

This is a life changing bookRead more

...Reading this book is a life changer and you can't help but feel as though you were right there with Malcolm X seeing things through his eyes.Read more

Timeless, transformativeRead more

61 customers mention value for money, 48 positive, 13 negative

Customers find the book worth every penny and consider it a great buy, with one customer noting its competitive price.

Excellent condition, great price. Quick deliveryRead more

...Hate how small the print is but he likes it and it's his, so hey. Great purchase and everyone of course should read about the infamous Malcolm X.Read more

Purchased this book for a family member. Good price.Read more

...The hard copy is normal size. Hope this helps someone not waste money like i did. By the way amazing bookRead more

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From the Back Cover

About the Author

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

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About the authors

Alex Haley

Ossie Davis

MALCOLM X

Laurence Fishburne

Attallah Shabazz

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