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Equatorial Guinea
 

[Spain 1945-1977]
  to 8 Oct 1968
 
[Flag of Equatorial Guinea, 1968-1969]
8 Oct 1968 - 1969
[Flag of Equatorial Guinea, 1969-1973]
1969 - 1973
 
[Flag of Equatorial Guinea, 1973-1979]
1973 - 21 Aug 1979
[Flag of Equatorial Guinea]
Re-adopted 21 Aug 1979
Map of Equatorial Guinea
Hear National Anthem
"Caminemos Pisando las Sendas de Nuestra Inmensa Felicidad"
(Let us Tread the Paths
of Our Great Happiness)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 12 Oct 1968
Constitution
(16 Feb 2012)
Capital: Ciudad de la Paz
(Malabo 1973-2 Jan 2026;
Santa Isabel 1858-1973;
Port Clarence 1827-1858;
San Carlos 1778-1780)
(Rio Muni: Bata 1960-1968) 		Currency: Communaut�
 Financi�re Africaine
 Franc (XAF); 1975-1985 Ekuele Guineana (GQE); 1968-1975 Peseta Guineana (GQP)
National Holiday: 12 Oct (1968)
D�a de la Independencia
(Independence Day)
 Population:1,795,834 (2024)
GDP: $29.24 billion (2024)
Exports: $4.48 billion (2024)
Imports: $3.24 billion (2024)
Ethnic groups: Fang 78.1%, Bubi 9.4%, Ndowe 2.8%, Nanguedambo 2.7%, Bisio 0.9%, foreigner 5.3%, other 0.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2011)
Total Active Armed Forces: 1,750 (2025)
Merchant marine: 53 ships (2023)
Religions: Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, APM, AU, BDEAC, BEAC, BTWC, CEEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, CTBT, CWC, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISA, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OPEC, OST, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO (observer), WTO (observer)
Equatorial
Guinea Index
Chronology
 
c.1472                     Bioko island sighted and claimed for Portugal
                             by Capt. Fern�o do P� and named Ilha de Formosa,
                             later it is renamed Fernando P� (P�o).
 1 Jan 1474                Annob�n island sighted by Capt. Rui de Sequeira,
                             subsequently claimed for Portugal and named
                             Ilha de Ano Bom (part of S�o Tom� & Pr�ncipe).
15 Jul 1580 -  1 Dec 1640  Islands along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
16 Dec 1598 �  2 Jan 1599  Dutch occupation of Annob�n.
Oct 1641 - 1648            Dutch occupation of Annob�n.
1642 - 1648                Dutch sporadic occupation Fernando P�o.
Apr 1662 - 1664            Dutch occupation of Annob�n.
 1 Oct 1777                Ceded to Spain by the Treaty of San Ildefonso
                             (ratified 11 Oct 1777).
11 Mar 1778                Cession to Spain confirmed by Treaty of El Pardo;
                             (ratified 24 Mar 1778)(Fernando P�o and its
                             dependencies).
24 Oct 1778                Spanish take possession of Fernando P�o.
30 Dec 1781                Spanish withdraw.
19 Dec 1817                Spanish subjects forbidden to engage in the slave
                             trade on coast of Africa "north of the Equator"
                             (by Anglo-Spanish Treaty of 23 Sep 1817).
20 May 1820                Spanish subjects forbidden to engage in the slave
                             trade on coast of Africa "south of the Equator"
                             (by Spanish royal decrees of 19 Dec 1817).
27 Oct 1827 - 27 May 1858  British administration of Fernando P�o
                             (Malabo is named Port Clarence).
23 Feb 1843                Spain reclaims sovereignty over Fernando P�o.
15 Mar 1843                Sovereignty over Benga territory (including
                             Corisco [Mandj], Elobey Grande and Elobey Chico
                             islands) is ceded to Spain by treaty.
27 May 1858                Spanish navy formally takes over administration.
18 Aug 1859                Slavery abolished on Fernando P�o by Spain (by
                             royal order).
26 Feb 1885                R�o de Muni on African mainland formally a Spanish
                             protectorate (nominally as part of Fernando P�o)
                             by the Congress of Berlin.
27 Jun 1900                France ends claims to R�o Muni and settles the
                             mainland border with Spain by the Treaty of Paris
                             (Spain is left with 26,000 km out of the 300,000
                             km initially claimed)(ratified 22 Mar 1901).
 1 Oct 1904                Spanish Territories in the Gulf of Guinea
                             (Territorios Espa�oles del Golfo de Guinea).
11 Aug 1926                R�o Muni, Fernando P�o, and Annob�n administrations
                             unified as Spanish Guinea (Guinea Espa�ola).
19 Sep 1936                Nationalists take control of Fernando P�o (from
                             19 Sep 1936), R�o Muni (from 14 Oct 1936), and
                             (from early 1937) Annob�n.
21 Aug 1956                Gulf of Guinea overseas province of Spain.
20 Aug 1959                Spanish overseas provinces (Equatorial Region
                             [Regi�n Ecuatorial] subdivided into two
                             provinces: Fernando P�o and R�o Muni).
15 Dec 1963                Plebiscite on autonomy.
 1 Jan 1964                Autonomous Community of Equatorial Guinea
                             (Comunidad Aut�noma de Guinea Ecuatorial).
12 Oct 1968                Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Rep�blica de Guinea
                             Ecuatorial [from 21 Jan 1998 = R�publique de
                             Guin�e �quatoriale; from 20 Jul 2010 = Rep�blica
                             da Guin� Equatorial]), independence.
21 Jan 1998                French is made an official language.
20 Jul 2010                Portuguese is also made an official language.
Provinces
Fenando P�o
& R�o Muni
(1959-1968)
Annob�n
Traditional
States
Historical Maps of
Equatorial Guinea

 
 
 
 
 
 

Governors
24 Oct 1778 - 14 Nov 1778  Felipe de los Santos Toro y        (b. 1721 - d. 1778)
                             Freyre, conde de Argelejo
14 Nov 1778 - 30 Dec 1781  Joaqu�n Primo de Rivera y P�rez    (b. 1734 - d. 1800)
                             de Acal                             
30 Dec 1781 - 27 Oct 1827  Vacant
Superintendents (and from 1843, governors)
(also British Consuls of the Bight of Biafra [Nigeria] 1849-1855)
27 Oct 1827 -  4 Apr 1829  William Fitz William Owen          (b. 1774 - d. 1857)
 4 Apr 1829 - 1830         Edward Nicolls (1st time)          (b. 1779 - d. 1865)
1830 - 1831                John Beecroft (1st time) (acting)  (b. 1790 - d. 1854)
18 Aug 1831 - 1833         Edward Nicolls (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1833 - 10 Jun 1854         John Beecroft (2nd time)           (s.a.)
10 Jun 1854 - 27 May 1858  James William Bishop Lynslager     (b. 1810 - d. 1864)
                             (acting)
Governors (from 1870, usually governors-general)
27 May 1858 -  1 Sep 1859  Carlos de Chac�n y Michelena       (b. 1816 - d. 1863)
 1 Sep 1859 - 30 Jun 1862  Jos� de la G�ndara y Navarro       (b. 1820 - d. 1885)
 30 Jun 1862 -  1 Aug 1865  Pantale�n L�pez de la Torre        (b. 1809 - d. 1876)
                              Ayll�n e Ib��ez
  1 Aug 1865 - 31 Aug 1865  Francisco Osorio (acting)
 31 Aug 1865 - 18 Sep 1865  F�lix Recio (1st time) (acting)
 18 Sep 1865 -  1 Apr 1868  Jos� G�mez de Barreda y Ruiz de    (b. 1819 - d. 1884)
                             Mazmela
  1 Apr 1868 -  9 Aug 1868  F�lix Recio (2nd time) (acting)
  9 Aug 1868 - 18 Jul 1869  Joaqu�n de Souza y Gallardo        (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
 18 Jul 1869 - 22 Aug 1869  Antonio Jos� Mar�a Joaqu�n Maym�   (b. 1822 - d. 1869)
                             y Roig
22 Aug 1869 - 11 Sep 1869  Clemente Ramos (acting)
 11 Sep 1869 - 21 Jan 1870  Manuel Vial (1st time) (acting)
 21 Jan 1870 - 11 Jun 1870  Zoilo S�nchez Oca�a Vieitiz        (b. 1831 - d. 1907)
 11 Jun 1870 - 16 Aug 1870  Manuel Vial (2nd time) (acting)
 16 Aug 1870 - 14 Feb 1871  Felipe Canga Arg�elles (1st time)
                              (acting)
 14 Feb 1871 - 28 Apr 1871  Federico Anrich y Santamar�a       (b. 1827 - d. 1889)
 28 Apr 1871 -  1 Oct 1871  Felipe Canga Arg�elles (2nd time)
                              (acting)
  1 Oct 1871 - 23 Jun 1872  Antonio de Vivar (acting)
 23 Jun 1872 -  5 Dec 1872  Pedro Osa (acting)
  5 Dec 1872 - 22 Nov 1874  Ignacio Garc�a de Tudela y Prieto  (b. 1827 - d. 1896)
 22 Nov 1874 - 22 Jan 1875  Jacobo Varela (acting)
 22 Jan 1875 - 13 Feb 1877  Diego Santisteban y Chamorro
 13 Feb 1877 -  1 Feb 1879  Alejandro Arias Salgado y Trelles  (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
  1 Feb 1879 - 21 Apr 1879  Luis de la Pila (acting)
 21 Apr 1879 - 20 Jun 1879  Juan Aguilar (acting)
 20 Jun 1879 - 24 Jul 1879  Jos� Montes de Oca y Ace�ero       (b. 1844 - d. 1897)
                              (1st time) (acting)
 24 Jul 1879 -  3 Sep 1880  Enrique Santal� y S�enz de Tejada  (b. 1847 - d. 1918)
  3 Sep 1880 - 24 Jan 1883  Jos� Montes de Oca y Ace�ero       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 24 Jan 1883 - 25 Jan 1883  Francisco Romera (acting)
 25 Jan 1883 - 28 Dec 1884  Antonio Cano y Prieto              (b. 1842 - d. 1918)
 28 Dec 1884 - 28 Jan 1885  Waldo P�rez Cossio (acting)
28 Jan 1885 -  1 Oct 1887  Jos� Montes de Oca y Ace�ero       (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
  1 Oct 1887 -  8 Nov 1887  Juan de la Rocha (acting)
  8 Nov 1887 -  4 Feb 1888  Luis Navarro
  4 Feb 1888 - 20 Apr 1888  Jos� Mar�a de Ibarra y Autr�n      (b. 1861 - d. 1925)
                              (1st time) (acting)
 20 Apr 1888 - 21 Apr 1890  Antonio Moreno de Guerra y Cr�quer (b. 1845 - d. 1908)
 21 Apr 1890 -  4 Nov 1890  Jos� Mar�a de Ibarra y Autr�n      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
  4 Nov 1890 - 22 Dec 1890  Jos� G�mez de Barreda
 22 Dec 1890 - 24 Dec 1891  Jos� de Barrasa y Fern�ndez de     (b. 1847 - d. 1929)
                             Castro
 24 Dec 1891 - 10 Apr 1892  Antonio Mart�nez
 10 Apr 1892 - 12 May 1893  Eulogio Merch�n y Rico             (d. 1893)
 12 May 1893 - 17 May 1893  Dionisio Shelly (1st time)         (b. 1860 - d. 1899)
                              (acting)
 17 May 1893 -  1 Jun 1893  P�o Porcell (acting)
  1 Jun 1893 - 29 Jul 1893  Dionisio Shelly (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                              (acting)
29 Jul 1893 - 16 Feb 1895  Jos� de la Puente y Bassav�        (b. 1845 - d. 1919?)
 16 Feb 1895 - 21 Jul 1895  Agust�n Cuesta (acting)
 21 Jul 1895 - 19 May 1897  Adolfo de Espa�a y G�mez           (b. 1848 - d. 1897)
                              de Humar�n
 19 May 1897 - 19 Jun 1897  Armando Pontes (acting)
 19 Jun 1897 - 21 Jul 1897  Mateo Mezquida (acting)
 21 Jul 1897 - 19 Oct 1897  Manuel Rico
 19 Oct 1897 -  7 Nov 1899  Jos� Rodr�guez de Vera Nievas      (b. 1862 - d. 1947)
 7 Nov 1899 - 30 Nov 1899  Francisco Guarro (acting)
30 Nov 1899 - 12 Dec 1899  Guillermo Lacave (acting)
14 Dec 1899 -  3 Mar 1901  Francisco de Paula Due�as Mart�nez
 3 Mar 1901 - 25 Feb 1905  Jos� Mar�a de Ibarra y Autr�n      (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
25 Feb 1905 - 26 Mar 1906  Jos� G�mez de la Serna Cienfuegos  (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
26 Mar 1906 - 20 Sep 1906  Diego Saavedra y Magdalena         (b. 1871 - d. 1935)
                             (1st time)
20 Sep 1906 - 18 Feb 1907  �ngel Barrera y Luyando (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1927)
18 Feb 1907 - 17 Aug 1908  Luis Ramos Izquierdo y Vivar       (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
17 Aug 1908 - 30 Sep 1908  Luis Dab�n (acting)
30 Sep 1908 - 19 Oct 1908  Diego Saavedra y Magdalena         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
19 Oct 1908 - 10 Sep 1910  Jos� Centa�o y Anchorena           (b. 1851 - d. 1923)
10 Sep 1910 -  8 Feb 1924  �ngel Barrera y Luyando (2nd time) (s.a.)
 8 Feb 1924 -  8 Feb 1926  Carlos Tovar de Revilla            (b. 1871 - d. 1949)
 8 Feb 1926 -  1 Mar 1931  Miguel N��ez de Prado y Susbielas  (b. 1882 - d. 1936)
 1 Jan 1928 - 14 Aug 1928  Adolfo Garc�a Amilivia             (d. 1930)
                             (acting for Prado)
  2 Aug 1930 -  1 Mar 1931  Jos� Dom�nguez Manresa
                              (acting for Prado)
 20 Apr 1931 -  1 Nov 1931  Jos� Dom�nguez Manresa (1st time)
                              (interim)
  1 Nov 1931 - 14 Nov 1932  Gustavo de Sostoa y Sthamer        (b. 1872 - d. 1932)
 14 Nov 1932 - 15 Nov 1932  Pedro Agust�n Gonz�lez Ord��ez
                             (acting)
 15 Nov 1932 - 10 Jul 1933  Jos� Dom�nguez Manresa (2nd time)
                              (interim)
 10 Jul 1933 -  1 Sep 1934  Estanislao Lluesma Garc�a          (b. 1874 - d. 1948)
  1 Sep 1934 -  5 Sep 1935  Jos� Dom�nguez Manresa (3rd time)
                              (acting)
  5 Sep 1934 - 10 Dec 1935  �ngel Manzaneque Feltrer           (b. 1893 - d. 1949)
15 Jun 1935 - 10 Dec 1935  Luis Serrano Maranges (1st time)   (b. 1884 - d. 1963)
                             (acting)
10 Dec 1935 - 25 Sep 1936  Luis S�nchez Guerra y S�inz (S�ez) (b. 1888 - d. 1971)
15 Sep 1936 - 25 Sep 1936  Estanislao Lluesma Garc�a          (s.a.)
                             (appointed, did not take office)
25 Mar 1936 - 12 Apr 1936  Carlos V�zquez Ruiz
                             (acting for Guerra y S�inz)
25 Sep 1936 -  1 Jan 1937  Luis Serrano Maranges (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)(Nationalist, in rebellion from 19 Sep 1936)
25 Sep 1936 - 14 Oct 1936  Miguel Hern�ndez Porcel
                             (Republican sub-governor Bata R�o Muni, in dissidence)
12 Dec 1936 - 14 Dec 1936  Carlos V�zquez Ruiz
                             (acting for Serrano)
 1 Jan 1937 - 15 Dec 1937  Manuel de Mend�vil y El�o          (b. 1874 - d. 1942)
15 Dec 1937 -  5 Mar 1942  Juan Font�n y Lob�                 (b. 1899 - d. 1944)
12 Jun 1938 - 21 Sep 1938  Natividad Calzada y Casta�eda
                             (acting for Fontan)
30 Aug 1939 - 15 Dec 1939  V�ctor Suances D�az del R�o        (b. 1903 - d. 1986) 
                             (acting for Fontan)
22 Aug 1940 - 16 Sep 1940  Fernando Gonz�lez Lav�n
                             (acting for Fontan)
16 Sep 1940 - 17 May 1941  V�ctor Suances D�az del R�o        (s.a.) 
                             (acting for Fontan)
14 Aug 1941 - 13 Oct 1941  Pedro Cano Manuel Aubarede
                             (acting for Font�n)
13 Oct 1941 -  5 Mar 1942  Jos� Luis Soraluce Irastorza       (b. 1899 - d. 1973)
                             (acting for Font�n)
 5 Mar 1942 - 12 Feb 1944  Mariano Alonso Alonso              (b. 1899 - d. 1974)
18 Oct 1943 - 12 Feb 1944  Rufino P�rez Barrueco              (d. 1969)
                             (acting for Alonso)
12 Feb 1944 -  6 Mar 1949  Juan Mar�a Bonelli Rubio           (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
13 Sep 1944 -  2 Mar 1945  Joaqu�n Bosch de la Barrera        (b. 1909 - d. 1997)
                             (acting for Bonelli)
 9 Aug 1946 - 22 Feb 1947  Joaqu�n Bosch de la Barrera        (s.a.)
                             (acting for Bonelli)
12 Apr 1948 -  8 Aug 1948  Carlos Rodr�guez Solano y Due�as
                             (acting for Bonelli)
 6 Mar 1949 - Apr 1949     Pedro Gragera Torres (acting)
Apr 1949 - 21 Feb 1962     Faustino Ru�z Gonz�lez             (b. 1900 - d. 1969)
Nov 1953 - 1954            Hermenegildo Altozano Moraleda     (b. 1916 - d. 1981)
                             (acting for Ru�z Gonz�lez)
21 Feb 1962 - 10 Mar 1964  Francisco N��ez Rodr�guez          (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
10 Mar 1964 - Jul 1964     Pedro Latorre Alcubierre           (b. 1900 - d. 1995)
Commissioners-general
Jul 1964 - Aug 1966        Pedro Latorre Alcubierre           (s.a.)
Aug 1966 - 12 Oct 1968     V�ctor Suances D�az del R�o        (s.a.) 
Presidents
12 Oct 1968 -  3 Aug 1979  Francisco Mac�as Nguema            (b. 1922 - d. 1979) IPGE;1970 
                            (from 14 Jul 1972, Francisco Mac�as                   PUNT
                             Nguema Biyogo; from 26 Sep 1975,
                             Mac�as Nguema Biyogo �egue Ndong;
                              from 1976, Masie Nguema Biyogo
                              �egue Ndong) 
 3 Aug 1979 -              Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo      (b. 1942)          Mil;1987 PDGE
                            (chairman Revolutionary Military Council to 25 Aug 1979,
                             chairman Supreme Military Council 25 Aug 1979 - 12 Oct 1982)
 
Chairman of the Council of Government (Prime minister)
27 May 1964 - 12 Oct 1968  Bonifacio Ond� Edu                 (b. 1922 - d. 1969)  MUNGE
12 Oct 1968 - 12 Oct 1982  Post abolished
Prime ministers
12 Oct 1982 - 23 Jan 1992  Cristino Seriche Bioko Malabo      (b. 1941 - d. 2024)Mil;1987 PDGE
23 Jan 1992 -  1 Apr 1996  Silvestre Siale Bileka             (b. 1939)            PDGE
 1 Apr 1996 -  4 Mar 2001  �ngel Serafin Seriche Dougan       (b. 1946)            PDGE
 4 Mar 2001 - 15 Jun 2004  C�ndido Muatetema Rivas            (b. 1960 - d. 2014)  PDGE
15 Jun 2004 - 16 Aug 2006  Miguel Abia Biteo Boric�           (b. 1961 - d. 2012)  PDGE
16 Aug 2006 - 14 Jul 2008  Ricardo Mangu� Obama Nfubea        (b. 1961?)           PDGE
 14 Jul 2008 - 28 May 2012  Ignacio Milam Tang                 (b. 1940)            PDGE
28 May 2012 - 23 Jun 2016  Vicente Ehate Tomi                 (b. 1968)            PDGE
23 Jun 2016 -  1 Feb 2023  Francisco Pascual Eyegue Obama     (b. 1949)            PDGE
                             Asue  
 1 Feb 2023 - 19 Aug 2024  Manuela Roka Botey (f)             (b. 1964)            PDGE
19 Aug 2024 -              Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua               (b. 1976)            PDGE
International Disputes: In 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay.

Party abbreviations: PDGE = Partido Democr�tico de Guinea Ecuatorial (Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea, authoritarian, African nationalist, Nguema personalist, 1987-1991 state party, est.11 Oct 1987); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: IPGE = Idea Popular de la Guinea Ecuatorial (Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea, pro-independence, leftist nationalist, 1958-1970); MUNGE = Movimiento de Unidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial (National Unity Movement of Equatorial Guinea, pro-independence, 1963-1970); PUNT = Partido �nico Nacional de los Trabajadores de Guinea Ecuatorial (National Unified Worker's Party, Mac�as Nguema personalist, authoritarian, state party, 7 Jul 1970-Aug 1979)

Provinces 1959-1968
20 Aug 1959                Spanish Equatorial Region (divided into two overseas
                              provinces: Fernando P�o and R�o Muni).
12 Oct 1968                Part of independent Equatorial Guinea.

Fernando P�o

Civil Governor of Fernando P�o
20 Aug 1959 - 24 Jul 1964  none appointed
24 Jul 1964 - 12 Oct 1968  Pablo Adolfo G�bena Mendo

R�o Muni

Civil Governors of R�o Muni
 12 May 1960 - 16 Feb 1961  Manuel Cervera Cabello             (b. 1907 - d. 1981)
 16 Feb 1961 -  3 Jul 1964  V�ctor Suances D�az del R�o        (b. 1903 - d. 1986) 
24 Jul 1964 - 12 Oct 1968  Sim�n Ngomo Ndumu Asumu            (b. 1924? - d. 1969)   


Annob�n
Capital: San Antonio de Pal�
Population: 5,323 (2015)

 1 Jan 1474                Annob�n island sighted by Capt. Rui de Sequeira (b. c.1460 �
                             d. c.1530), subsequently claimed for Portugal and named Ilha de
                              Ano Bom (part of S�o Tom� & Pr�ncipe).
 1503                       Donated to Jorge de Melo (subordinated to S�o Tom� & Principe).
 16 Dec 1598 �  2 Jan 1599  Dutch occupation.
Oct 1641 - 1648            Dutch occupation.
Apr 1662 - 1664            Dutch occupation.
 25 Mar 1744                Portuguese crown possession.
 1 Oct 1777                Ceded to Spain by the Treaty of San Ildefonso (ratified on
                              11 Oct 1777), confirmed 11 Mar 1778 by the Treaty of El
                             Pardo (ratified 24 Mar 1778).
 24 Oct 1778                Spanish take possession (but evacuates in 1780).
1801 - 1858                British erected a fort at St Antony (leased from 1827) used to
                             suppress the Atlantic slave trade.
1843 - 1909                Part of Elobey, Annob�n, and Corisco Spanish protectorate.
16 Aug 1885                Spanish presence renewed, permanently from 1887.
11 Jul 1904                District of Annob�n (Distrito de Annob�n) established.
26 Jul 1905                First official Delegado del Gobierno (government delegate)
                             appointed for Annob�n, now a district of Fernando P�o.
early 1937                 Nationalist forces take over administration.
1942                       Separate district abolished, Annob�n attached to Bata (R�o Muni).
1959 - 1988                Part of Fernando P�o (1973-1979 Mac�as Nguema Biyogo; from 1979,
                             Bioko) province. During the final years of the Francisco Mac�as
                             Nguema administration, the island was called Pigalu or Pagalu. 
1988                       Annob�n province (Provincia de Annob�n) created.
 8 Jul 2022                Annob�n declared independent (Rep�blica de Annob�n) by the
                             Coordinaci�n General de Nanome Pal� (not effective).
   
Donataries
1503 � 15..                Jorge de Melo
15.. � 1565                Alvaro da Cunha
1565 - ....                Luis de Almeida de Vasconcelos
.... - ....                Manuel de Almeida
 .... - ....                Maria de Almeida (f)
.... - ....                Luisa da Silva (f)
 .... - ....                Maria da Silva Melo (f)
 .... - ....                Mateus da Cunha de E�a
.... � 25 Mar 1744         Martinho da Cunha d'E�a e Almeida
Captains-major
1744 - 1778                ....
 c.1757                     Jo�o Dias Raposo
Government Delegates
1905 - 1907                Francisco Rives
1907 - 1908                Jos� Ribina
1908                       Justo Exp�sito
1908 - 1909                G.C. Angel Rilo
1909 - 1910                X. Mosquera
1910                       Emilio Candal
1910 - 1911                Bonerac�o G�rate
1911 - 1912                Crist�bal Rodr�guez
1912 - 1913                Angel Ruiz
1913 - 1915                Antonio del Valle
1915                       Francisco Tercero
1916 - 1918                Mart�n Oterm�n (1st time)
1918                       Francisco P�rez
1919 - 1921                Martin Oterm�n (2nd time)
1921 - 1923                Gregorio S�nchez (1st time)
1923 - 1925                Bartolom� Horrach
1925 - 1926                Juan Barcel�
1926 - 1927                Saturnio Dom�nguez
1927                       Gregorio S�nchez (2nd time)
1927 - 1929                Francisco Marin
1929 - 1930                Luis G. Meseguer
1930                       Crist�bal G�mez
1930 - 1931                Constancio G. Coca
25 Mar 1931 - 1932         Restituto Castilla Gonz�lez        (b. c.1899 - d. 1940)
1932 - 1933                Agust�n S�nz Cano
1933                       Novoa
1933 - 1934                Lalinde del R�o
1934                       Magin Vilar�
1934 - 1935                Antonio Bade          
1935                       Ram�n Soler
1935 - 1936                Carlos Bime
1936                       Francisco Torres
1936                       Manuel S�nchez
1936 - 1937                Jes�s Fern�ndez
1937 - 1938                Leoncio Serrano
1938 - 1939                Francisco Gim�nez
1939 - 1940                Modesto Palomino
1940 - 1942                Jos� A. Delgado
1941 - 1942                Longinos P�rez
                             (acting for Delgado)
1942 - 1943                Antonio Romera (1st time)
1943 - 1944                Federico D�az
1945                       Antonio Romera (2nd time)





� Ben Cahoon