Vortex structures have revealed a lot about the nature of three-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates. They play an even bigger part in two-dimensional cold atomic gases and drive a fundamentally different phase transition.
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Burnett, K. Cold gases venture into Flatland. Nature Phys 3, 589 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys704
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys704
