(4,189 words)
( al-K̲h̲awārid̲j̲ , sing. K̲h̲ārid̲j̲ī ), the members of the earliest of the religious sects of Islam, whose importance lies particularly, from the point of view of the development of dogma, in the formulation of questions relative to the theory of the caliphate and to justification by faith or by works, while from the point of view of political history the principal part they played was disturbing by means of continual insurrections, which often ended in the temporary conquest of entire provinces, the peace of the eastern part of the Muslim empire during the two last years of the caliphate of ʿAlī and during the Umayyad period, and involuntarily facilitating first Muʿāwiya’s victory over ʿAlī, then that of the ʿAbbāsids over the Umayyads.
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(4,189 words)