1851 in Russia
Events from the year 1851 in Russia.
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Dates in this article are given in the Old Style (Julian) calendar unless otherwise noted.[a]
Incumbents
[edit]- Emperor – Nicholas I
- Heir apparent – Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich
- State Chancellor and Foreign Minister – Karl Nesselrode[1]
Events
[edit]February
[edit]- 15 February (O.S. 3 February) – Nicholas I issues a decree authorising surveys for the construction of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway.[2]
July
[edit]- 25 July – The Treaty of Kuldja (Ghulja) is signed with Qing China, opening Kuldja (Ghulja) and Chuguchak (Tacheng) to Russian trade and permitting Russian consuls there. The seventeen-article treaty was signed for Russia by Yegor Kovalevsky and for China by Yishan and Buyantai.[3][4][5]
November
[edit]- 1 November (N.S. 13 November) – The Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway officially opens. The first public train carries 192 passengers and completes the journey in 21 hours 45 minutes. At 604 versts (about 644 km) it was the longest double-track railway in the world at the time; its terminal stations were designed by Konstantin Thon. The line was renamed the Nikolaev Railway in 1855.[6][7]
Undated
[edit]- The ninth revision (poll-tax census, revizskaya skazka), begun in 1850, is carried out across the empire in 1850–1851.[8]
- Siemens & Halske makes its first delivery to Russia, supplying 75 recording (pointer) telegraph instruments for the Saint Petersburg–Moscow telegraph line.[9][10]
- Caucasian War: over the winter of 1851–1852 Russian forces tighten their control around Greater Chechnya. In November 1851 the Avar leader Hadji Murad defects from Imam Shamil to the Russians.[11]
Culture
[edit]- Ivan Turgenev writes the one-act play A Provincial Lady.[12]
- Alexander Ostrovsky's play The Poor Bride, his second major play, is written; it was published in the journal Moskvityanin in 1852 and first staged at the Maly Theatre in 1853.[13]
- Pavel Fedotov paints the repeat version of The Major Makes a Proposal (Inspecting a Bride in a Merchant's House), now in the State Russian Museum.[14]
- Mikhail Glinka completes his Spanish Overture No. 2, Summer Night in Madrid.[15][16]
Births
[edit]- 12 February (O.S. 31 January) – Anna Yesipova, pianist and teacher (died 1914)[17][18]
- 22 March (O.S. 10 March) – Aleksey Kivshenko, painter (died 1895)[19]
- 2 April (O.S. 21 March) – Adolph Brodsky, violinist (died 1929)[20][21]
- 3 June (O.S. 22 May) – Kazimir Barantsevich, writer (died 1927)[22]
- 8 September – Maksim Kovalevsky, jurist and sociologist (died 1916)[23][24]
- 20 November (O.S. 8 November) – Mikhail Albov, writer (died 1911)[25]
Deaths
[edit]- 25 February – Nikolai Islenev, general (born 1785)[26]
- 6 March (O.S. 22 February) – Alexander Alyabyev, composer (born 1787)[27][28]
- 12 March – Jan Barszczewski, Polish-Belarusian writer (born c. 1781)[29]
- 23 April (O.S. 11 April) – Mikhail Lazarev, admiral and Antarctic explorer (born 1788)[30]
Notes
[edit]- ↑ In the 19th century, Old Style (Julian) dates used in the Russian Empire were 12 days behind the New Style (Gregorian) dates used in most of Western Europe.
References
[edit]- ↑ "Karl Vasilyevich, Count Nesselrode". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Warsaw-Petersburg Railway. 1862". Polrails. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "The Kuldzha Trade Treaty between Russia and China Signed". Presidential Library. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Treaty of Kuldja". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ Shioya, Akifumi (2019). "The Treaty of Ghulja reconsidered: Imperial Russian diplomacy toward Qing China in 1851". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 10 (2): 173–186. doi:10.1177/1879366519842882.
- ↑ "Anniversary of the first government railway in Russia grand opening". Presidential Library. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "St. Petersburg – Moscow railway opens". Russian Railways. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Russia, Tula, Poll Tax Census (Revision Lists), 1758–1895". FamilySearch. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Siemens in Russia". Siemens Global. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Cooperation between TAIF GC and Siemens". Realnoe Vremya. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ Gammer, Moshe (1994). Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0714634319.
- ↑ "Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Ostrovsky, [The Poor Bride], Moscow, 1852, original printed wrappers". Sotheby's. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "The Major Makes a Proposal (Inspecting a Bride in a Merchant's House)". Virtual Russian Museum (State Russian Museum). Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Summer Night in Madrid (Spanish Overture No.2)". Daniels' Orchestral Music Online. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Summer Night in Madrid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Anna Esipova". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Anna Yesipova". Tchaikovsky Research. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Kivshenko, Alekseĭ Daniilovich, 1851–1895". Library of Congress Name Authority File. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Adolph Brodsky". Tchaikovsky Research. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Adolph Brodsky (1851–1929)". Royal Northern College of Music. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Barantsevich, Kazimir Stanislavovich". Hrono.ru. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ Sorokin, P. "Kovalevsky, Maksim (1851–1916)". In Ritzer, G. (ed.). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1553.
- ↑ "Kovalevsky, Maksym". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Albov, Mikhail Nilovich". Hrono.ru. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Islenev, Nikolai Aleksandrovich". Biografija.ru. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Birthday anniversary of Alexander A. Alyabyev, famous Russian composer". Presidential Library. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Alyabyev, Alexander". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (Encyclopedia.com). Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ "Jan Barszczewski's grave found in Ukraine". Euroradio. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
- ↑ Hotimsky, C. M. "Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich (1788–1851)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
