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List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol

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Participation in the Kyoto Protocol
  Annex B parties with binding targets in the second period
  Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but not the second
  non-Annex B parties without binding targets
  Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol
  Signatories to the Protocol that have not ratified
  Other UN member states and observers that are not party to the Protocol

As of June 2013, there are 192 parties to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to combat global warming. This total includes 191 states (189 United Nations member states as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and one supranational union (the European Union).[1][2] Canada renounced the protocol effective 15 December 2012 and ceased to be a member from that date.

With the Protocol's 2008-2012 commitment period expiring, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, which establishes new commitments for the period 2013–2020. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted this amendment.

Parties

[edit]

Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that a state is legally bound by the provisions of the treaty. For Annex I parties (e.g. a developed state or one with an 'economy in transition') this means that it has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol.

Iceland was the 55th state to ratify, fulfilling the first condition for coming-into-force. With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty was brought into force, effective 16 February 2005. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted the Doha amendment. It will enter into force as of 31 December 2020.

Party[2][3][4] Annex[5] % for ratification[6] emissions
limit
(2012)[7][8]		 emissions
limit
(2020)[9]		 Signed Ratification / Acceptance Amendment acceptance Notes
Image Afghanistan25 March 2013[10]
Image Albania1 April 200522 October 2020
Image Algeria16 February 200528 September 2015
Image Angola8 May 200722 September 2020
Image Antigua and Barbuda16 March 19983 November 199823 September 2016
Image Argentina16 March 199828 September 20011 December 2015
Image Armenia25 April 200331 March 2017
Image AustraliaI, II2.1%+8%[a]−0.5%29 April 19983 December 20079 November 2016
Image AustriaI, II0.4%−8% (−13%)[b]−20% (−16%)[c]24 September 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Image Azerbaijan28 September 20001 July 2015
Image Bahamas9 April 19994 November 2015
Image Bahrain31 January 2006
Image Bangladesh22 October 200113 November 2013
Image Barbados7 August 200014 August 2013
Image BelarusI-[d]none[e][f]−12%[g]26 August 2005
Image BelgiumI, II0.8%−8% (−7.5%)[b]−20% (−15%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Image Belize26 September 200324 July 2018
Image Benin25 February 200229 August 2018
Image Bhutan26 August 200229 September 2015
Image Bolivia9 July 199830 November 199917 September 2020
Image Bosnia and Herzegovina16 April 2007
Image Botswana8 August 20037 March 2016
Image Brazil29 April 199823 August 200213 February 2018
Image Brunei20 August 200914 November 2014
Image BulgariaI0.6%−8%[b]−20% (+20%)[c][a]18 September 199815 August 200221 December 2017
Image Burkina Faso31 March 200529 November 2016
Image Burundi18 October 2001
Image Cambodia22 August 200217 November 2015
Image Cameroon28 August 2002
Image Cape Verde10 February 2006
Image Central African Republic18 March 2008
Image Chad18 August 2009
Image Chile17 June 199826 August 200210 November 2015
Image China29 May 199830 August 20022 June 2014Image Hong Kong: applied since 8 April 2003
Image Macao: applied since 14 January 2008
Image Colombia30 November 2001
Image Comoros10 April 20087 September 2014
Image Democratic Republic of the Congo23 March 2005
Image Republic of the Congo12 February 200714 May 2015
Image Cook Islands16 September 199827 August 20015 November 2018
Image Costa Rica27 April 19989 August 200221 September 2016
Image Côte d'Ivoire23 April 2007
Image CroatiaI[h]-[i]−5%[b]−20% (+11%)[c]11 March 199927 April 200721 December 2017
Image Cuba15 March 199930 April 200228 December 2016
Image CyprusI[j]-[k]none[l][m][b]−20% (−5%)[c]16 July 199910 December 2015
Image Czech RepublicI[n][h]1.2%−8%[b]−20% (+9%)[c][a]23 November 199815 November 200121 December 2017
Image DenmarkI, II0.4%−8% (−21%)[b]−20% (−20%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017Image Greenland: applied
Image Faroe Islands: not applied
Image Djibouti12 March 200223 September 2014
Image Dominica25 January 200515 July 2019
Image Dominican Republic12 February 200221 September 2016
Image Ecuador15 January 199913 January 200020 April 2015
Image Egypt15 March 199912 January 20053 February 2020
Image El Salvador8 June 199813 January 200018 September 2019
Image Equatorial Guinea16 August 2000
Image Eritrea28 July 20053 May 2018
Image EstoniaI0.3%−8%[b]−20% (+11%)[c][a]3 December 199814 October 200221 December 2017
Image Ethiopia14 April 200526 June 2015
Image European Union[o]I, II[p]−8%[b]−20%[c]29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017All ratifications of the 15 then-EU-members and the EU itself were deposited simultaneously. For the purpose of satisfying the entry-into-force conditions, the EU's ratification was not counted.[7]
Image Fiji17 September 199817 September 199819 September 2017
Image FinlandI, II0.4%−8% (0%)[b][q]−20% (−16%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200216 November 2017
Image FranceI, II2.7%−8% (0%)[b][q]−20% (−14%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200230 November 2017Image French Guiana, Image Guadeloupe, Image Martinique, Image Réunion: applied
Image French Polynesia, Image New Caledonia, Image Wallis and Futuna, Image French Southern Territories, Image Mayotte, Image Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied
Image Gabon12 December 20061 December 2017
Image Gambia1 June 20017 November 2016
Image Georgia16 June 199916 June 2020
Image GermanyI, II7.4%−8% (−21%)[b]−20% (−14%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Image Ghana30 May 200324 September 2020
Image GreeceI, II0.6%−8% (+25%)[b][a]−20% (−4%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Image Grenada6 August 20021 April 2015
Image Guatemala10 July 19985 October 199915 October 2019
Image Guinea7 September 20006 April 2016
Image Guinea-Bissau18 November 200522 October 2018
Image Guyana5 August 200323 December 2014
Image Haiti6 July 2005
Image Honduras25 February 199919 July 200011 April 2014
Image HungaryI0.5%−6%[b]−20% (+10%)[c][a]21 August 20021 October 2015
Image IcelandI, II0.0%+10%[a]−20%[c]23 May 20027 October 2015
Image India26 August 20028 August 2017
Image Indonesia13 July 19983 December 200430 September 2014
Image Iran22 August 2005
Image Iraq28 July 2009
Image IrelandI, II0.2%−8% (+13%)[b][a]−20% (−20%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200221 December 2017
Image Israel16 December 199815 March 2004
Image ItalyI, II3.1%−8% (−6.5%)[b]−20% (−13%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200218 July 2016
Image Jamaica28 June 19991 October 2020
Image JapanI, II8.5%−6%none[r]28 April 19984 June 2002
Image Jordan17 January 20033 January 2020
Image KazakhstanI (dec.)[n][s]-[k]none[l][t]−5%12 March 199919 June 2009
Image Kenya25 February 20057 April 2014
Image Kiribati7 September 200011 February 2016
Image North Korea27 April 2005
Image South Korea25 September 19988 November 200227 May 2015
Image Kuwait11 March 20058 May 2019
Image Kyrgyzstan13 May 2003
Image Laos6 February 200323 April 2019
Image LatviaI0.2%−8%[b]−20% (+17%)[c][a]14 December 19985 July 200221 December 2017
Image Lebanon13 November 2006
Image Lesotho6 September 200018 January 2019
Image Liberia5 November 200217 August 2015
Image Libya24 August 2006
Image LiechtensteinI[h]0.0%−8%−16%29 June 19983 December 200423 February 2015
Image LithuaniaI-[i]−8%[b]−20% (+15%)[c][a]21 September 19983 January 200322 November 2017
Image LuxembourgI, II0.1%−8% (−28%)[b]−20% (−20%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200221 September 2017
Image Madagascar24 September 20031 October 2015
Image Malawi26 October 200129 June 2017
Image Malaysia12 March 19994 September 200212 April 2017
Image Maldives16 March 199830 December 19981 July 2015
Image Mali27 January 199928 March 20027 December 2015
Image MaltaI[u]-[k]none[l][m][b]−20% (+5%)[c][a]17 April 199811 November 200121 December 2017
Image Marshall Islands17 March 199811 August 20037 May 2015
Image Mauritania22 July 2005
Image Mauritius9 May 20015 September 2013
Image Mexico9 June 19987 September 200023 September 2014
Image Federated States of Micronesia17 March 199821 June 199919 February 2014
Image Moldova22 April 2003
Image MonacoI[n][h]0.0%−8%−22%29 April 199827 February 200627 December 2013
Image Mongolia15 December 199920 February 2019
Image Montenegro4 June 200726 December 2018
Image Morocco25 January 20025 September 2014
Image Mozambique18 January 2005
Image Myanmar13 August 200319 September 2017
Image Namibia4 September 200317 February 2015
Image Nauru16 August 20011 December 2014
Image   Nepal16 September 2005
Image NetherlandsI, II1.2%−8% (−6%)[b]−20% (−16%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200222 November 2017Image Aruba: not applied
Image Curaçao: not applied
Image Sint Maarten: not applied
Image Caribbean Netherlands: not applied
Image New Zealand[v]I, II0.2%0%[q]none[r]22 May 199819 December 200230 November 2015Image Tokelau: not applied
Image Nicaragua7 July 199818 November 19993 July 2019
Image Niger23 October 199830 September 20041 August 2018
Image Nigeria10 December 20042 October 2020
Image Niue8 December 19986 May 199910 December 2019
Image North Macedonia18 November 200418 October 2019
Image NorwayI, II0.3%+1%[a]−16%29 April 199830 May 200212 June 2014
Image Oman19 January 2005
Image Pakistan11 January 200531 October 2017
Image Palau10 December 199910 March 2015
Image Panama8 June 19985 March 199929 September 2015
Image Papua New Guinea2 March 199928 March 2002
Image Paraguay25 August 199827 August 199921 February 2019
Image Peru13 November 199812 September 200224 September 2014
Image Philippines15 April 199820 November 200313 April 2016
Image PolandI3.0%−6%[b]−20% (+14%)[c][a]15 July 199813 December 200228 September 2018
Image PortugalI, II0.3%−8% (+27%)[b][a]−20% (+1%)[c][a]29 April 199831 May 200222 November 2017
Image Qatar11 January 200528 October 2020
Image RomaniaI1.2%−8%[b]−20% (+19%)[c][a]5 January 199919 March 20013 May 2016
Image RussiaI17.4%0%[q]none[r]11 March 199918 November 2004
Image Rwanda22 July 200420 November 2015
Image Saint Kitts and Nevis8 April 200825 October 2016
Image Saint Lucia16 March 199820 August 200320 November 2018
Image Saint Vincent and the Grenadines19 March 199831 December 2004
Image Samoa16 March 199827 November 200018 September 2015
Image San Marino28 April 20104 August 2015
Image Sao Tome and Principe24 July 2008
Image Saudi Arabia31 January 2005
Image Senegal20 July 200127 May 2020
Image Serbia24 September 200730 June 2017
Image Seychelles20 March 199822 July 200215 July 2015
Image Sierra Leone10 November 200615 June 2020
Image Singapore12 April 200623 September 2014
Image SlovakiaI[n][h]0.4%−8%[b]−20% (+13%)[c][a]26 February 199931 May 200216 November 2017
Image SloveniaI[n][h]-[i]−8%[b]−20% (+4%)[c][a]21 October 19982 August 200221 December 2017
Image Solomon Islands29 September 199813 March 20035 September 2014
Image Somalia26 July 2010
Image South Africa31 July 20027 May 2015
Image SpainI, II1.9%−8% (+15%)[b][a]−20% (−10%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Image Sri Lanka3 September 20022 December 2015
Image Sudan2 November 20043 February 2014
Image Suriname25 September 2006
Image Swaziland13 January 200621 September 2016
Image SwedenI, II0.4%−8% (+4%)[b][a]−20% (−17%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200214 November 2017
Image  SwitzerlandI, II0.3%−8%−15.8%16 March 19989 July 200328 August 2015
Image Syria27 January 2006
Image Tajikistan5 January 2009
Image Tanzania26 August 2002
Image Thailand2 February 199928 August 20021 September 2015
Image Timor-Leste14 October 2008
Image Togo2 July 20045 November 2018
Image Tonga14 January 20085 November 2018
Image Trinidad and Tobago7 January 199928 January 19996 August 2015
Image Tunisia22 January 2003
Image TurkeyI[w]-[d]none[e]none28 May 2009[51][52][53]
Image Turkmenistan28 September 199811 January 1999
Image Tuvalu16 November 199816 November 19984 December 2014
Image Uganda25 March 20028 July 2015
Image UkraineI-[i]0%[q]−24%15 March 199912 April 2004
Image United Arab Emirates26 January 200526 April 2013
Image United KingdomI, II4.3%−8% (−12.5%)[b]−20% (−16%)[c]29 April 199831 May 200217 November 2017Guernsey and Isle of Man, applied since 4 April 2005; Gibraltar, since 2 January 2007; Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Jersey, since 7 March 2007. Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Turks and Caicos Islands or the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia: not applied
Image Uruguay29 July 19985 February 200112 September 2018
Image Uzbekistan20 November 199812 October 1999
Image Vanuatu17 July 200115 March 2018
Image Venezuela18 February 20051 March 2018
Image Vietnam3 December 199825 September 200222 June 2015
Image Yemen15 September 2004
Image Zambia5 August 19987 July 200622 August 2019
Image Zimbabwe30 June 200920 April 2016
TotalsI: 38 + EU
II: 21+EU		33 (63.9%)-%: 31 (24)
0%: 3 (5)
+%: 3 (8)		192 (incl. EU)147

Former parties

[edit]
Country Annex[5] % for ratification[6] emissions
limit
(2012)[7]		 emissions
limit
(2020)[9]		 Signed Ratification/Acceptance Amendment acceptance Notes
Image CanadaI, II3.3%−6%none[x]29 April 199817 December 2002Withdrew 15 December 2011, effective 15 December 2012.[54] (See Canada and the Kyoto Protocol)

Signatory

[edit]
Country Annex[5] % for ratification[6] emissions
limit
(2012)[7]		 emissions
limit
(2020)[9]		 Signed Notes
Image United StatesI, II36.1%−7%none[x]12 November 1998

Not signatories or parties

[edit]

As of 2022 there are four UN member states or observers which are not party to the protocol, all of which are members of the UNFCCC: Andorra, Holy See, Palestine, South Sudan.[55]

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Maximum increase allowed.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 The 15 member states of the European Union at the time of adoption of the Kyoto Protocol each agreed to a reduction target of −8% under Annex B, as did the European Communities as a whole. A declaration was made upon ratifacation that an agreement had been reached by the states to jointly meet their reduction commitments under the Protocol, as permitted by Article 4 of the Protocol.[3][11] Emission quotas were pooled and allocated amongst the member states by an internal EU Council Decision.[8] The specific EU imposed targets are listed in brackets. The 13 member states that entered the union later did not participate in this joint agreement, and retained their individual Kyoto targets (if applicable).[19]
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 The 27 member states of the European Union at the time of adoption of the Doha Amendment, in addition to Croatia, which subsequently acceded to the EU, and Iceland each agreed to a reduction a target of −20% under the amended Annex B, as did the European Union as a whole. An agreement was subsequently reached by the states to jointly meet their reduction commitments under the amended Protocol.[20] Emission quotas were pooled and allocated amongst the member states by an internal EU Council Decision.[21][22][23]
  4. 1 2 Emissions of states listed in Annex I that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of adoption of the Kyoto Protocol,[11] which were thus not permitted to sign the Protocol, were not included in the totals for entry into force for the Protocol.
  5. 1 2 States listed in Annex I that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol were not eligible sign the Protocol and were not listed in Annex B.
  6. ↑ A proposal to amend Annex B to list Belarus as an economy in transition with an emissions reduction for the first commitment period of −8% was adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in 2006,[12][13][14] but did not enter into force prior to the end of the commitment period in 2012 due to not being ratified by a sufficient number of states.[15]
  7. ↑ Belarus was added to Annex B with the Doha Amendment.[9]
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 At their request, an amendment to the UNFCCC which entered into force in 1998 added Croatia, Liechtenstein, Monaco and Slovenia to Annex I, while the Czech Republic and Slovakia replaced Czechoslovakia, from which they had seceded in 1993, in Annex I.[6][16][5]
  9. 1 2 3 4 Emissions of Annex I parties to the UNFCCC that had not yet submitted their first national communication to the UNFCCC secretariat with an emission inventory at the time of adoption of the Kyoto Protocol were not included in the figure for entry into force of the protocol.[6][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]
  10. ↑ At its request, an amendment to the UNFCCC which entered into force in 2013 added Cyprus to Annex I.[17][18][5]
  11. 1 2 3 Emissions not included in the figure for entry into force of the Protocol because at the time of adoption of the Kyoto Protocol the state was not listed in Annex I.
  12. 1 2 3 Not listed in Annex B because at the time of adoption of the Kyoto Protocol the state was not listed in Annex I.
  13. 1 2 As they were not listed in Annex I when the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, Cyprus and Malta were not listed in Annex B. However, following their accession to the European Union they were obliged to participate in the EU ETS. Both took on targets under the Doha Amendment.[9]
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Monaco (1992), the Czech Republic (1995), Slovakia (1996), Slovenia (1998) and Kazakhstan (2000)[24] submitted declarations under Article 4.2 (g) of the UNFCCC, which as per Article 1.7 of the Kyoto Protocol means that they are treated as Annex I states under the Kyoto Protocol.[11] All of these states except Kazakhstan have since been added to Annex I of the UNFCCC by an amendment to the convention.
  15. ↑ All 28 EU member states are also members of the UNFCCC individually, in addition to their common representation through the EU.
  16. ↑ As per Article 25 of the Kyoto Protocol, "any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization."[7]
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 No increase allowed but no reduction required – emissions should stay at their 1990 level.
  18. 1 2 3 Japan, New Zealand and Russia were listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol with emission limits for the first commitment period, but were not assigned any emission reduction limits under the Doha Amendment for the second commitment period.[9]
  19. ↑ Kazakhstan proposed in 1999 that Annex I be amended to include it,[25] but the proposal was never adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC as no consensus could be reached on the matter.[26][27][24]
  20. ↑ Kazakhstan proposed in 2009 that Annex B be amended to include it as an economy in transition with an emissions reduction commitment of 0%,[28][29] and latter indicated it was willing to accept a -6% limit,[30] but the proposal was never adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC.[31][32][33][34][35]
  21. ↑ At its request, an amendment to the UNFCCC which entered into force in 2010 added Malta to Annex I.[36][5]
  22. ↑ The states in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands and Niue have their own separate memberships in the UNFCCC.
  23. ↑ Turkey was originally listed in both Annex I and Annex II of the UNFCCC. It refused to ratify the Convention, as it objected to its listing in the annexes. In 1997 a proposal was submitted that Annex I and Annex II be amended to remove Turkey.[44][45] Though no consensus could be reached on this proposal,[46][47][26] a compromise was reached and an amendment that entered into force in 2002 removed Turkey from Annex II.[48][27][49][24][50][5]
  24. 1 2 Canada and the United States were listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol with emission limits for the first commitment period, but as they were not parties to the Kyoto Protocol at the time of adoption of the Doha Amendment they were removed from Annex B.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 12 October 2006.
  2. 1 2 "Status of Ratification". UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
  3. 1 2 "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations Treaty Series. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  4. ↑ "Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol". United Nations Treaty Series. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997 – Annex Table: Total carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties in 1990, for the purposes of Article 25 of the Kyoto Protocol" (PDF). FCCC/CP/1997/7Add.1. United Nations. 25 March 1998. Retrieved 26 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  8. 1 2 "2002/358/EC: Council Decision of 25 April 2002 concerning the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder". Official Journal of the European Communities. L (130). 15 May 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  10. ↑ "Afghanistan ratifies Kyoto Protocol". Pajhwok Afghan News. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations Treaty Series. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  12. ↑ "Amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  13. ↑ "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its second session, held at Nairobi from 6 to 17 November 2006" (PDF). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  14. ↑ "KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE" (PDF). United Nations. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  15. ↑ "Amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  16. ↑ "ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO THE LIST IN ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4.2 (f) OF THE CONVENTION" (PDF). United Nations. 13 February 1998. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Adoption of amendments to Annex I to the Convention" (PDF). United Nations. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  18. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Entry into force of amendments to Annex I to the Convention" (PDF). United Nations. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  19. ↑ "Kyoto 1st commitment period (2008–12)". European Commission. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  20. ↑ "Council Decision (EU) 2015/1339 of 13 July 2015 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder". Official Journal of the European Communities. L (207). 4 August 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  21. ↑ "Kyoto 2nd commitment period (2013–20)". European Commission. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  22. ↑ "Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community's greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020". Official Journal of the European Union. L 140. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  23. ↑ "Effort sharing: Member States' emission targets". European Union. 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  24. 1 2 3 "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS SEVENTH SESSION, HELD AT MARRAKESH FROM 29 OCTOBER TO 10 NOVEMBER 2001" (PDF). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 21 January 2002. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  25. ↑ "AMENDMENT TO ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION – Proposal from the Republic of Kazakhstan to amend Annex I to the Convention" (PDF). United Nations. 28 May 1999. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  26. 1 2 "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS FIFTH SESSION, HELD AT BONN FROM 25 OCTOBER TO 5 NOVEMBER 1999" (PDF). United Nations. 21 December 1999. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  27. 1 2 "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS SEVENTH SESSION, HELD AT MARRAKESH FROM 29 OCTOBER TO 10 NOVEMBER 2001" (PDF). United Nations. 21 January 2002. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  28. ↑ "Framework Convention on Climate Change – Secretariat" (PDF). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  29. ↑ "Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol" (PDF). United Nations. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  30. ↑ "Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol" (PDF). United Nations. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  31. ↑ "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its fifth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009" (PDF). United Nations. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  32. ↑ "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its sixth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010" (PDF). United Nations. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  33. ↑ "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its seventh session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011" (PDF). United Nations. 15 March 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  34. ↑ "Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its eighth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012" (PDF). United Nations. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  35. ↑ "Decision 9/CMP.8 – Proposal from Kazakhstan to amend Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol" (PDF). United Nations. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  36. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Adoption of amendments to Annex I to the Convention in accordance with Article 16(3) of the Convention" (PDF). United Nations. 26 April 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  37. ↑ "Review of the implementation of the convention and of decisions of the first session of the conference of the parties" (PDF). FCCC/CP/12/Add.2. United Nations. 2 July 1996. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  38. ↑ "NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS – COMMUNICATIONS FROM PARTIES INCLUDED IN ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION" (PDF). FCCC/SB/1997/6. United Nations. 25 July 1997. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  39. ↑ "Annex I National Communications". United Nations. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  40. ↑ "CROATIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Croatia" (PDF). FCCC/IDR.1/HRV. United Nations. 23 May 2002. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  41. ↑ "LITHUANIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Lithuania" (PDF). FCCC/IDR.1/LTU. United Nations. 10 May 2000. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  42. ↑ "SLOVENIA – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Slovenia" (PDF). FCCC/IDR.1/SVN. United Nations. 21 November 2003. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  43. ↑ "UKRAINE – Report on the in-depth review of the first national communication of Ukraine" (PDF). FCCC/IDR.1/UKR. United Nations. 15 November 2000. Retrieved 27 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  44. ↑ "ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL MEETINGS – Amendments to the Convention or its Annexes – Letters from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Azerbaijan Republic, the Netherlands (on behalf of the European Community and its Member States) and Kuwait proposing amendments to the Convention or its Annexes" (PDF). United Nations. 20 June 1997. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  45. ↑ "REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 4.2(f)" (PDF). United Nations. 2 December 1997. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  46. ↑ "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997" (PDF). United Nations. 24 February 1998. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  47. ↑ "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS FOURTH SESSION, HELD AT BUENOS AIRES FROM 2 TO 14 NOVEMBER 1998" (PDF). United Nations. 25 January 1999. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  48. ↑ "REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON THE FIRST PART OF ITS SIXTH SESSION, HELD AT THE HAGUE FROM 13 TO 25 NOVEMBER 2000" (PDF). United Nations. 4 April 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  49. ↑ "PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE LISTS IN ANNEXES I AND II TO THE CONVENTION – PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE LISTS IN ANNEXES I AND II TO THE CONVENTION BY REMOVING THE NAME OF TURKEY: REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 4, PARAGRAPH 2 (F)" (PDF). United Nations. 5 October 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  50. ↑ "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – Adoption of amendment to the list in Annex II to the Convention" (PDF). United Nations. 28 December 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  51. ↑ (in Turkish)Ntvmsnbc.com "Kyoto’dan sonra Türkiye’yi neler bekliyor? (English translation:What's after Kyoto protocol for Turkey?)" (in Turkish)Ntvmsnbc.com "Türkiye, Kyoto protokolüne katılıyor (English translation:Turkey joins to Kyoto protocol)" (in Turkish)Ntvmsnbc.com "Şimdi KYOTO zamanı (English translation:It's time for Kyoto)"
  52. ↑ Bianet Archived 11 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine Turkey Will Sign The Kyoto Protocol
  53. ↑ Turkish Weekly Archived 20 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Turkey's Participation in Kyoto Protocol Published in Official Gazette
  54. ↑ "KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE – KYOTO, 11 DECEMBER 1997 CANADA: WITHDRAWAL" (PDF). United Nations. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  55. ↑ "Parties to the Convention and Observer States". UNFCC. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
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