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Bomarea

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Bomarea
Image
Bomarea sp., southern Ecuador
Note leaf bases twisted 180°
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Alstroemeriaceae
Tribe: Alstroemerieae
Genus: Bomarea
Mirb., 1804
Type species
Bomarea ovata[1]
(Cav.) Mirb.
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Leontochir Phil.
  • Vandesia Salisb.
  • Collania Herb. 1837, illegitimate homonym, not Schult. & Schult. f. 1830 nor Broth. ex Sakurai 1941
  • Sphaerine Herb.
  • Dodecasperma Raf.
  • Wichuraea M.Roem.
  • Danbya Salisb.

Bomarea is one of the two major genera in the plant family Alstroemeriaceae. Most occur in the Andes,[4] but some occur well into Central America, Mexico and the West Indies.[2] Some species are grown as ornamental plants.[5][6][7]

Description

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Vegetative characteristics

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Bomarea are terrestrial, erect or scandent herbs[8] with resuspinate leaves.[9]

Generative characteristics

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The bisexual flowers have a campanulate to funnel-shaped perianth[8] with free tepals.[1]

Taxonomy

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It was published by Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel in 1802.[10] The lectotype Bomarea ovata (Cav.) Mirb. was designated in 1995.[1] Bomarea is divided into four subgenera, Baccata, Bomarea, Sphaerine, and Wichuraea. The largest is Bomarea with about 70 species.[11]

There are about 110[12] to 122 species[11] in the genus.

Species

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Species accepted as of July 2014:[2]

ImageNameDistribution
ImageBomarea acutifoliaMexico, Central America
Bomarea albimontanaPeru
Bomarea alstroemerioidesPeru
Bomarea amazonicaPeru
Bomarea amilcarianaVenezuela
Bomarea ampayesanaPeru
Bomarea ancepsPeru
Bomarea andimarcanaPeru, Bolivia
ImageBomarea andreanaCosta Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Bomarea angulataEcuador, Peru
Bomarea angustissimaPeru
Bomarea aurantiacaPeru, Bolivia
Bomarea boliviensisBolivia, Argentina
Bomarea brachysepalaEcuador, Peru
Bomarea bracteataPeru
Bomarea bracteolataPanama
Bomarea bredemeyerianaColombia, Venezuela
Bomarea brevisPeru, Bolivia
Bomarea callejasianaColombia
Bomarea campanulariaEcuador, Peru
Bomarea campylophyllaPeru
Bomarea carderiPanama, Colombia, Ecuador
Bomarea caucanaColombia
Bomarea caudataPeru
Bomarea caudatisepalaPanama
Bomarea ceratophoraEcuador
Bomarea chaparensisBolivia
Bomarea chimborazensisEcuador
Bomarea chiriquinaPanama, Costa Rica
Bomarea coccineaPeru
Bomarea colombianaColombia
Bomarea cordifoliaPeru
Bomarea cornigeraPeru
Bomarea cornutaPeru, Ecuador
ImageBomarea costaricensisPanama, Costa Rica
Bomarea crassifoliaColombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru
Bomarea crinitaPeru
Bomarea croceaPeru
Bomarea densifloraPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea denticulataPeru
Bomarea diffractaColombia
ImageBomarea disparPeru
Bomarea dissitifoliaPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea dolichocarpaPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea dulcisPeru, Bolivia, Chile
ImageBomarea eduliswidespread across much of Latin America from central Mexico to Argentina, plus West Indies
Bomarea endotrachysPeru
Bomarea englerianaPeru
Bomarea euryanthaColombia
Bomarea euryphyllaColombia, Ecuador
Bomarea evectaEcuador
Bomarea ferreyraePeru
Bomarea foertherianaPeru
Bomarea formosissimaPeru, Bolivia
ImageBomarea glaucescensPeru, Ecuador, Bolivia
Bomarea goniocaulonPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea graminifoliaEcuador
Bomarea hartwegiiPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea herbertianaColombia
Bomarea herreraePeru
Bomarea hieronymiColombia, Ecuador
ImageBomarea hirsutaCosta Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
Bomarea huanucoPeru
Bomarea inaequalisColombia
Bomarea involucrosaPeru, Bolivia
Bomarea kraenzliniiColombia
Bomarea lancifoliaEcuador
Bomarea latifoliaPeru
Bomarea libertadensisPeru
Bomarea linifoliaColombia, Ecuador
ImageBomarea longipesPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea longistylaPeru
Bomarea lopeziiVenezuela
Bomarea luteaEcuador
ImageBomarea macrocephalaArgentina, Bolivia
Bomarea macusaniiPeru
Bomarea moritzianaColombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
ImageBomarea multifloraColombia, Ecuador
Bomarea multipesEcuador
Bomarea nematocaulonPeru
Bomarea nervosaPeru, Ecuador
Bomarea nubigenaEcuador
Bomarea obovataNicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
ImageBomarea ovalleiAtacama
Bomarea ovataArgentina, Bolivia, Peru
Bomarea oxytepalaEcuador
Bomarea pardinaColombia, Peru
Bomarea parvifoliaPeru
ImageBomarea patacoensisEcuador
ImageBomarea patiniiColombia, Ecuador
ImageBomarea paucifloraColombia, Venezuela
Bomarea perglabraEcuador
Bomarea peruvianaPeru
Bomarea porrectaPeru
Bomarea pseudopurpureaPeru
Bomarea pudibundaColombia
Bomarea pumilaBolivia, Peru
Bomarea puracensisColombia
Bomarea purpureaColombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
Bomarea roseaPeru
ImageBomarea salicifoliaVenezuela
ImageBomarea salsillaChile
Bomarea secundifoliaPeru
Bomarea setaceaPeru
Bomarea shuttleworthiiColombia
Bomarea speciosaPeru
Bomarea spissifloraEcuador, Peru
Bomarea stansArgentina, Bolivia
Bomarea suberectaPanama, Costa Rica
Bomarea superbaPeru
Bomarea tarmensisPeru
Bomarea tortaEcuador, Peru
Bomarea tribrachiataEcuador, Peru
Bomarea trichophyllaColombia
Bomarea trimorphophyllaEcuador
Bomarea truxillensisVenezuela
ImageBomarea uncifoliaEcuador
Bomarea vargasiiPeru
Bomarea velascoanaPeru
Bomarea vitellinaColombia
Bomarea weigendiiPeru

Etymology

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The generic name Bomarea honours Jacques Christophe Valmont de Bomare (1731-1807).[1]

Ecology

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Habitat

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Bomarea grow in shaded conditions of tropical forest understory.[13]

Pollination and seed dispersal

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The flowers are ornithophilous and the seeds are dispersed by animals.[1]

As invasive plants

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In New Zealand, Bomarea has become invasive.[14][15]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 SANSO, A. M., & XIFREDA, C. C. (1995). El género Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) en Argentina. Darwiniana, 315-336.
  2. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Hofreiter, A. (2006). Leontochir: A synonym of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae)? Harvard Papers in Botany 11(1) 53-60.
  4. ↑ Guarin, F. A. (2005). Three new species of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) from the Andean region of Colombia. Novon 15(2) 253-58.
  5. ↑ Sanso, A. M. and C. C. Xifreda. (2001). Generic delimitation between Alstroemeria and Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae).[dead link] Annals of Botany 88(6) 1057-69.
  6. ↑ Hofreiter, A. (2008). A revision of Bomarea subgenus Bomarea s.str. section Multiflorae (Alstroemeriaceae). Systematic Botany 33: 661-684.
  7. ↑ Chacón, J., M. Camargo de Assis, A. W. Meerow, and S. S. Renner. 2012. From east Gondwana to Central America: Historical biogeography of the Alstroemeriaceae. Journal of Biogeography 39(10): 1806-1818.
  8. 1 2 Assis, M.C.; Prange, C.K.; Lopes, J.C.; Mello-Silva, R. (in memoriam); Pellegrini, M.O.O. 2020. Alstroemeriaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.Available at: <https://floradobrasil2020.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4299>. Accessed on: 23 Jan. 2025
  9. ↑ Alzate G., F. (2007). Two new species of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) from Colombia. Novon a Journal of Botanical Nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 17, 141--144. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/17537
  10. ↑ Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-b). Bomarea Mirb. Tropicos. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40029100
  11. 1 2 Cáceres González, D. A. (2013). Bomarea rinconii (Alstroemeriaceae), a new species from the Talamanca Mountains in Chiriqui Province, Panama. Phytotaxa 105(1) 21–4.
  12. ↑ Alzate, F., et al. (2008). Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35 1250-57.
  13. ↑ Bomarea. (n.d.-c). Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Bomarea
  14. ↑ Bomarea. (n.d.). Otago Regional Council. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.orc.govt.nz/environment/biosecurity-and-pests/plant-pests/bomarea/
  15. ↑ Bomarea. (n.d.-b). Environment Canterbury. Retrieved January 24, 2025, from https://www.ecan.govt.nz/pest-search/bomarea/