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Gundam

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Gundam
Image
Created by
Original workMobile Suit Gundam (1979–80)
OwnerSunrise (Bandai Namco Filmworks)
Years1979–present
Print publications
NovelsSee list
ComicsSee list
Comic stripsKadokawa
Kodansha
Shōgakukan
Gakken
Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha
Bandai Entertainment
ASCII Media Works
Newtype 100% Comics
MEDIA COMIX
Studio Orphee
Hero Adventure
Tokuma Shoten
Softbank Creative
Dengeki Hobby
MagazinesGundam Ace
HERO'S Web
Cyber Comics
Comic BomBom
Dengeki Hobby Magazine
Films and television
FilmSee below
Television seriesSee below
Games
TraditionalGundam War Collectible Card Game
Gundam Cross War
Fusion Clashes: Gundam Battle-Rave
Mobile Suit Gundam Arsenal Base
Gundam Combat
Mobile Suit Gundam 0079: Card Builder
Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Card Builder
Gundam Card Game
Gundam Chronicle Battleline
Video gamesSee list
Miscellaneous
ToysGunpla (plastic Gundam models)
The Robot Spirits
S. H. Figuarts
Metal Build
Gundam Fix Figuration
GenreScience fiction
Military science fiction
Real robot
Drama

Gundam (Japanese: ガンダムシリーズ, Hepburn: Gandamu Shirīzu; lit. Gundam Series) is a Japanese military science fiction media franchise. Created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Sunrise (now a division of Bandai Namco Filmworks), the franchise features giant robots, or mecha, with the name "Gundam". The franchise began on April 7, 1979, with Mobile Suit Gundam, a TV series that defined the "real robot" mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits (including the original titular mecha) in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes 50 TV series, films and OVAs as well as manga, novels and video games, along with a whole industry of plastic model kits known as Gunpla which makes up 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic-model market.[1][2][3]

Academics in Japan have viewed the series as inspiration; in 2008, the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.[4] The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a multimedia franchise that includes over 50 TV series, films, and original video animations (OVAs), as well as manga, novels, and video games, along with a multimillion industry of plastic model kits known as Gunpla, which accounts for 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic model market.[5][6][7] Academics in Japan have also taken interest in the series; in 2008, the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.[8]

As of March 2020, the franchise is fully owned by Bandai Namco Holdings through subsidiaries Sotsu and Sunrise. The Gundam franchise had grossed over $5 billion in retail sales by 2000.[9][10][11] By 2022, the annual revenue of the Gundam franchise reached ¥101.7 billion per year,[12] ¥44.2 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items.[12]

Overview

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Concept

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Image
RX-78-2 Gundam by Hajime Katoki

Mobile Suit Gundam was developed by animator Yoshiyuki Tomino and a changing group of Sunrise creators with the collective pseudonym of Hajime Yatate. The series was originally entitled Freedom Fighter Gunboy (or Gunboy) for the robot's gun, with teen boys as the primary target demographic. Early production had a number of references to freedom: the White Base, the casts home and ship, was originally "Freedom's Fortress", the Core Fighter was the "Freedom Wing" and the Gunperry was the "Freedom Cruiser". The Yatate team combined the English word "gun" with the last syllable of the word "freedom" to form the portmanteau Gundom. Tomino changed it to Gundam, suggesting a unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies like a hydroelectric dam holding back water.[13]

In keeping with the concept, Gundams are usually depicted as prototypes or limited-production with higher capabilities than mass-produced units, which are often referred to simply as mobile suits. Most Gundams are large, bipedal, humanoid vehicles controlled from a cockpit by a human pilot. The cockpit is regularly located in the torso with some notable exceptions, while the head serves as a camera to transmit images back to the cockpit. Throughout the series of shows, movies, and manga, a variety of different suits named Gundam appear with different designs and pilots specific to each series.

Genre & Innovation

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Mobile Suit Gundam reportedly pioneered the real robot subgenre of mecha anime.[14] In contrast to its super robot cousins, Mobile Suit Gundam attempted realism in its robot design and weaponry by running out of energy and ammunition or malfunctioning. Its technology is derived from actual science (such as Lagrange points and the O'Neill cylinder in space, and the use of helium-3 as an energy source) or feasible technology requiring only a few fictional elements to function (such as Minovsky Physics).[15] The series itself has also been described as a space opera for its broad plots revolving around politics.[16]

However, there is a secondary element to many series that runs counter to this image. Most of the series' protagonists are something called Newtypes, genetically advanced humans adapted for space. Newtypes have psychic abilities that enable them to do a variety of superhuman feats that differ from series to series. These range from an ability for instant understanding of other Newtypes' thoughts and desires, an enhanced sense perception that is regularly tied to piloting skills, and the capacity to utilize special mobile suits and weapons that tap into these newtype senses.

Timelines

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The Gundam franchise is subdivided into "timelines" which act as their own self-contained continuities. The largest of these continuities is the Universal Century (UC), which began with the original show from 1979.

Alternate universes such as the Cosmic Era (e.g., Gundam SEED) and the Anno Domini era (e.g., Gundam 00) present standalone narratives. While they may take inspiration from each other, they ultimately represent their own chronology.[17][18]

Spinoffs

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SD Gundam employs a comedic style with chibi characters, debuting in the mid-1980s.[19][circular reference] Later series such as Gundam Build Fighters and Gundam Build Divers explore modern-day settings where battles between Gunpla (model kits) serve as the central narrative device.[20][better source needed]

Media

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TV series, films, and video

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Except for Mobile Suit Gundam 00, which follows the current calendar era albeit three centuries in the future, all Gundam series are set in a fictional era, with a new calendar adopted after a drastic event or chain of events and typically involving a major conflict involving Earth and space colonies (and in some cases the Moon and terraformed planets).[21] An exception are the Gundam Build timelines, which are set in an alternate present time where all other Gundam installments are fictional.

Name Media Release date Timeline and year
Mobile Suit Gundam TV series: 43 episodes 1979–1980 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movies: 3 1981–1982
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam TV series: 50 episodes 1985–1986 Universal Century (UC) 0087
Compilation movies: 3 2005–2006
Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ TV series: 47 episodes 1986–1987 Universal Century (UC) 0088
OVA: 2 episodes 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack Movie 1988 Universal Century (UC) 0093
Mobile Suit SD Gundam Movies: 5 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993
OVA: 9 episodes 1989–1991
Compilation TV series: 8 episodes 1993
Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket OVA: 6 episodes 1989 Universal Century (UC) 0079–80
Mobile Suit Gundam F91 Movie 1991 Universal Century (UC) 0123
Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory OVA: 13 episodes 1991–1992 Universal Century (UC) 0083
Compilation movie 1992
Mobile Suit Victory Gundam TV series: 51 episodes 1993–1994 Universal Century (UC) 0153
Mobile Fighter G Gundam TV series: 49 episodes 1994–1995 Future Century (FC) 60
Mobile Suit Gundam Wing TV series: 49 episodes 1995–1996 After Colony (AC) 195
Compilation specials: 4 episodes 1996
Mobile Suit Gundam: The 08th MS Team OVA: 12 episodes 1996–1999 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movie 1998
Special 2013
After War Gundam X TV series: 39 episodes 1996 After War (AW) 15
Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz OVA: 3 episodes 1997 After Colony (AC) 196
Compilation movie 1998
Gundam: Mission to the Rise[22] Short film 1998
Turn A Gundam TV series: 50 episodes 1999–2000 Correct Century (CC) 2343–45
Compilation movies: 2 2002
G-Saviour Live-action TV movie 2000 Universal Century (UC) 0223
Gundam Neo Experience 0087: Green Diver[23] Specialty format movie 2001 Universal Century (UC) 0087
Gundam Evolve OVA: 15 episodes 2001–2007
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED TV series: 50 episodes 2002–2003 Cosmic Era (CE) 71–72
Epilogue OVA short 2004
Compilation specials: 3 episodes 2004
Superior Defender Gundam Force TV series: 52 episodes 2003–2004
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED MSV Astray Promo OVA shorts: 2 episodes 2004 Cosmic Era (CE) 71
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: The Hidden One Year War OVA: 3 episodes 2004 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny TV series: 50 episodes 2004–2005 Cosmic Era (CE) 73–74
TV special 2005
Compilation specials: 4 episodes 2006
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: Apocalypse 0079 OVA: 3 episodes 2006 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED C.E. 73: Stargazer ONA: 3 episodes 2006 Cosmic Era (CE) 73
Compilation OVA: 1 2006
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 TV series: 50 episodes 2007–2009 Anno Domini (AD) 2307–08, 2312
Compilation OVA: 3 episodes 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO 2: Gravity Front OVA: 3 episodes 2008 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam Battlefield Record: Avant-Title OVA 2009 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Ring of Gundam[24] Short film 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn OVA: 7 episodes, 1 special episode 2010–2014 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Compilation TV series: 22 episodes 2016
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors Movie 2010
TV series: 51 episodes
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer Movie 2010 Anno Domini (AD) 2314
Model Suit Gunpla Builders Beginning G Specials: 3 episodes 2010 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam AGE TV series: 49 episodes 2011–2012 Advanced Generation (AG) 115–164
Compilation OVA: 2 episodes 2013
Gundam Build Fighters TV series: 25 episodes 2013–2014 Our Century
Specials: 3 episodes 2014
Mobile Suit Gundam-san TV series: 13 episodes 2014
Gundam Reconguista in G TV series: 26 episodes 2014–2015 Regild Century (RG) 1014
Compilation movies: 5 2019–2022
Gundam Build Fighters Try TV series: 25 episodes 2014–2015 Our Century
OVA 2016
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin OVA: 6 episodes 2015–2018 Universal Century (UC) 0068, 0071, 0074, 0077, 0078, 0079
Compilation TV series: 13 episodes 2019
Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans TV series: 50 episodes 2015–2017 Post Disaster (PD) 323, 325
Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt ONA: 8 episodes 2015–2017 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movies: 2 2016–2017
Mobile Suit Gundam: Twilight AXIS ONA: 6 episodes 2017 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Compilation movie 2017
Gundam Build Fighters Battlogue ONA: 5 episodes 2017 Our Century
Gundam Build Fighters: GM's Counterattack ONA 2017 Our Century
Gundam Build Divers Prologue ONA 2018 Our Century
TV series: 25 episodes
Mobile Suit Gundam Narrative Movie 2018 Universal Century (UC) 0097
SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden ONA: 10 episodes 2019–2021
Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise ONA: 26 episodes 2019–2020 Our Century
Gundam Build Divers: Battlogue ONA 2020 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam G40[25] ONA 2020 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Gundam Build Real[26] Live-action net drama: 6 episodes 2021 Our Century
SD Gundam World Heroes ONA: 24 episodes 2021
Mobile Suit Gundam Hathaway Movies: 3 2021, 2026, TBA Universal Century (UC) 0105
Gundam Breaker Battlogue[27] ONA: 6 episodes 2021 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island Movie 2022 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury Prologue ONA 2022 Ad Stella (AS) 101
TV series: 24 episodes 2022–2023 Ad Stella (AS) 122
Gundam Build Metaverse ONA: 3 episodes 2023 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom Movie 2024 Cosmic Era (CE) 75
Mobile Suit Gundam: Silver Phantom VR movie 2024 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Gundam: Requiem for Vengeance ONA: 6 episodes 2024 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam GQuuuuuuX Compilation movie 2025 Alternate version of Universal Century (UC) 0079, 0085
TV series: 12 episodes
Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans Urdr-Hunt – Path of the Little Challenger Compilation movie 2025 Post Disaster (PD) 323
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom Zero Movie 2027 Cosmic Era (CE) 74
Mobile Suit Gundam RG: XARX-ZERO TV series 2027 After Apocalypse (AA) 45
Gundam Live-action movie 2027 TBA

Manga and novels

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Manga adaptations of the Gundam series have been published in English in North America by a number of companies, such as Viz Media, Del Rey Manga and Tokyopop, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi.[28][better source needed] Notable entries include Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin, written and illustrated by original series character designer Yoshikazu Yasuhiko. It is a retelling of the first series with additional flashbacks surrounding one of the series' main characters, Char Aznable.[29]

Video games

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Gundam has spawned over 80 video games for arcade, computer and console platforms, some with characters not found in other Gundam media. Some of the games, in turn, inspired spinoff novels and manga.[30]

Gunpla

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Primarily made of plastic, but sometimes paired with resin and metal detail parts, hundreds of Gundam scale plastic models, known as Gunpla, have been released since the early 1980s.[31] They range in quality from toolless-build children's toy kits (Entry Grades) to hobbyist and museum-grade models, and most are in common scales such as 1:35, 1:48, 1:60, 1:100, or 1:144. Various Grades exist to target hobbyists, ranging from smaller-sized kits such as High Grade and Real Grade to larger Master Grade and Perfect Grade model kits.[32] The Real Grade (RG) Gundam series combines the Master Grade's detailed inner structure with additional color separation, making the 1:144-scale series complex in design and compact in size, with the final goal of retooling a Gundam to what it might look like in real life, similar to the full-size Gundam statues.[33]

Promotional 1:6 or 1:12 scale models are supplied to retailers and are not commercially available. For Gundam's 30th anniversary, a full-size RX-78-2 Gundam model was constructed and displayed at Gundam Front Tokyo in the Odaiba district;[34] it was taken down on March 5, 2017.[35] A new statue of the RX-0 Unicorn Gundam was erected at the same location, now renamed The Gundam Base Tokyo.[36]

Other merchandise

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Bandai, Gundam's primary licensee, produces a variety of products.[37] Other companies produce unofficial merchandise, such as toys, models and T-shirts. Products include Mobile Suit in Action (MSiA) action figures and Gundam model kits in several scales and design complexities. Each series generally has its own set of products, MSiA and model lines such as Master Grade and High Grade Universal Century, which h may extend across series. The most popular action figure line has been the Gundam Fix series, which includes the mecha in the animated series, manga, novels and accessories to create an updated version. In addition to Master Grade and High Grade Gundams, Bandai released a 30th-anniversary series of Gundam models in 2010.[38] After the introduction of the RG Gunpla line, Bandai released the Metal Build series in March 2011, beginning with the 00 Gundam.[39]

Impact

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Gundam is a Japanese cultural icon and a multi-billion-yen annual business for Bandai Namco. Annual revenue for the franchise reached ¥54.5 billion by 2006,[40] ¥80.2 billion by 2014,[12] and ¥145.7 billion by 2024.[41] Examples of its cultural ubiquity in the country include the issuing of Gundam stamps, an Agriculture Ministry employee being reprimanded for contributing to Japanese Wikipedia Gundam-related pages,[42] and the Japan Self-Defense Forces code-naming its developing advanced personal-combat system Gundam. Based on a December 16, 2023, survey conducted by Nikkei Entertainment, the fanbase of Gundam within Japan has an average age of 42 years, and a male-to-female ratio that skews 90:10.[43] The impact of Gundam in Japan has been compared to the impact of Star Wars in the United States.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Linder, Courtney (July 21, 2020). "Watch Engineers Take Their 60-Foot-Tall Gundam for a Walk". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Gundam Releases First-Ever English Guide to Gunpla". Anime. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  3. ↑ Flow of the Japan toy industry (日本の玩具産業の動向), Japan Economics Department, Information section (日本経済情報課)
  4. ↑ Lewis, Leo (November 1, 2008). "Gundam cartoon academy to turn science fiction into reality in Japan". The Times. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  5. ↑ Linder, Courtney (July 21, 2020). "Watch Engineers Take Their 60-Foot-Tall Gundam for a Walk". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Gundam Releases First-Ever English Guide to Gunpla". Comicbook.com. November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  7. ↑ Flow of the Japan toy industry (日本の玩具産業の動向), Japan Economics Department, Information section (日本経済情報課)
  8. ↑ Lewis, Leo (November 1, 2008). "Gundam cartoon academy to turn science fiction into reality in Japan". The Times. Archived from the original on August 21, 2025. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Unique toy line encourages creative play". The Expositor. December 13, 2000. p. 38. Retrieved December 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Gundam Wing Phenomenon Grows With Addition of New Licensees as Television Ratings and Toy Line Sales Surge". Business Wire. Berkshire Hathaway. June 13, 2000. Archived from the original on August 21, 2000. Retrieved January 8, 2017 – via Yahoo.com.
  11. ↑ "Gundam Wing Phenomenon Grows With Addition of New Licensees as Television Ratings and Toy Line Sales Surge". Business Wire. Berkshire Hathaway. June 13, 2000. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2019 – via The Free Dictionary.
  12. 1 2 3 Bandai Namco Fiscal Year 2022 Financial Statement Cite error: The named reference "bandainamco.co.jp" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  13. ↑ Gundam Archives, production notes
  14. ↑ Oppliger, John (October 12, 2007). "Ask John: Which Gundam Series Have Had the Most Impact on Anime?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Gundam Science, the High Frontier - G.K. O'neil's Space Colonization Plan, Gundam Century", Out special edition, Renewal Version
  16. 1 2 Chris Stuckmann (May 15, 2018). Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation. Mango Media Inc. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-63353-733-0.
  17. ↑ "The Universal Century, Explained". Game Rant. October 27, 2024. Archived from the original on August 23, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  18. ↑ "Gundam: The Real Robot Revolution ..." Otaku USA. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  19. ↑ "SD Gundam". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  20. ↑ "Gundam Build Fighters". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on August 22, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  21. ↑ "Gundam Timelines and Story Overview". Gundam Unofficial. Archived from the original on July 10, 2024. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  22. ↑ "Gundam 40th Anniversary Promotional Anime Teased for This Winter". Anime News Network. September 26, 2019. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  23. ↑ "E-field". Archived from the original on May 12, 2008.
  24. ↑ "Part of Yoshiyuki Tomino's 'Ring of Gundam' Previewed (Updated)". Anime News Network. August 21, 2009. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  25. ↑ "'Mobile Suit Gundam' Releases 40th Anniversary "G40 Project" Special Movie". Hypebeast. January 21, 2020. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  26. ↑ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (March 18, 2021). "Live-Action Video Project 'Gundam Build Real' Debuts on March 29". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  27. ↑ Mateo, Alex (September 24, 2020). "Gundam Breaker Battlogue Anime Theme Song, October 19 Premiere". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Chuang Yi Publishing". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on August 22, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  29. ↑ "Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin Overview". Gundam Unofficial. Archived from the original on July 10, 2024. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  30. ↑ "MobyGames: Game Browser". MobyGames. Archived from the original on February 12, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  31. ↑ Beckett, James (July 31, 2020). "Gunpla 101: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Gundam Model Kits". Anime News Network. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  32. ↑ Yamaguchi, Takayuki (2019). Gunpla: Building the World of Gundam Models. Hobby Japan. p. 45. ISBN 978-4798619934.
  33. ↑ "Real Grade Series Overview". Gundam Unofficial. Archived from the original on July 10, 2024. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  34. ↑ AppetiteForJapan (December 2, 2015). "Diver City Tokyo: The Ultimate Gundam Experience". Archived from the original on November 22, 2025. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  35. ↑ 「実物大ガンダム立像」5年の歴史に幕。そして新たなプロジェクトへ！. Gundam.info (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  36. ↑ "The Gundam Statue in Odaiba". Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved August 15, 2025.[dead link]
  37. ↑ "GUNDAM.INFO | The official Gundam news and video portal". na.gundam.info (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  38. ↑ Suzuki, Toshiyuki. "RX-78-2 Gundam (RG) (Gundam Model Kits)". Hobby Search Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  39. ↑ "METAL BUILD FREEDOM GUNDAM". Gundamplanet.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  40. ↑ Nekkei BP mook, Otona no Gundamu Perfect (Gundam for Adult's Perfect), Business & History+Character+Mechanic, Nekkei Entertainment, ISBN 978-4-8222-6317-1
  41. ↑ "Bandai Namco Holdings Inc. Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2024" (PDF). Bandai Namco Financial Statements / Presentation. May 9, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2025. Retrieved October 19, 2024.
  42. ↑ "Japanese workers in Wikipedia row". BBC News. October 5, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
  43. ↑ Ayase Hirashima; Eri Hatano (February 2, 2024). 今、本当に推されている「人」「作品」が分かる 最旬"推し"新潮流. Nikkei Cross Trend (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 22, 2024.
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