βίος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Either from Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos, from *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), and cognate with Old English cwic (English quick), Latin vīvus, and Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ); or a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos).
In either case, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”), whence also ζωός (zōós) and ζῷον (zōîon), and cognate with Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), Latin vīvō, Old Armenian կեամ (keam).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bí.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈbi.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβi.os/
- (10th CE Medieval) IPA(key): /ˈvi.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈvi.os/
Noun
[edit]βῐ́ος • (bĭ́os) m (genitive βῐ́ου); second declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)
- life (often with a positive connotation: the good life)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ὁ βῐ́οςho bĭ́os | τὼ βῐ́ωtṑ bĭ́ō | οἱ βῐ́οιhoi bĭ́oi |
| genitive | τοῦ βῐ́ουtoû bĭ́ou | τοῖν βῐ́οινtoîn bĭ́oin | τῶν βῐ́ωνtôn bĭ́ōn |
| dative | τῷ βῐ́ῳtōî bĭ́ōi | τοῖν βῐ́οινtoîn bĭ́oin | τοῖς βῐ́οιςtoîs bĭ́ois |
| accusative | τὸν βῐ́ονtòn bĭ́on | τὼ βῐ́ωtṑ bĭ́ō | τοὺς βῐ́ουςtoùs bĭ́ous |
| vocative | βῐ́εbĭ́e | βῐ́ωbĭ́ō | βῐ́οιbĭ́oi |
- This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | βῐ́οςbĭ́os | βῐ́ωbĭ́ō | βῐ́οιbĭ́oi |
| genitive | βῐ́οιο / βῐ́ουbĭ́oio / bĭ́ou | βῐ́οιῐ̈νbĭ́oiĭ̈n | βῐ́ωνbĭ́ōn |
| dative | βῐ́ῳbĭ́ōi | βῐ́οιῐ̈νbĭ́oiĭ̈n | βῐ́οισῐ / βῐ́οισῐν / βῐ́οιςbĭ́oisĭ(n) / bĭ́ois |
| accusative | βῐ́ονbĭ́on | βῐ́ωbĭ́ō | βῐ́ουςbĭ́ous |
| vocative | βῐ́εbĭ́e | βῐ́ωbĭ́ō | βῐ́οιbĭ́oi |
- Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ὁ βῐ́οςho bĭ́os | τὼ βῐ́ωtṑ bĭ́ō | οἱ βῐ́οιhoi bĭ́oi |
| genitive | τοῦ βῐ́ουtoû bĭ́ou | τοῖν βῐ́οινtoîn bĭ́oin | τῶν βῐ́ωνtôn bĭ́ōn |
| dative | τῷ βῐ́ῳtōî bĭ́ōi | τοῖν βῐ́οινtoîn bĭ́oin | τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν βῐ́οισῐ / βῐ́οισῐνtoîsĭ(n) bĭ́oisĭ(n) |
| accusative | τὸν βῐ́ονtòn bĭ́on | τὼ βῐ́ωtṑ bĭ́ō | τοὺς βῐ́ουςtoùs bĭ́ous |
| vocative | βῐ́εbĭ́e | βῐ́ωbĭ́ō | βῐ́οιbĭ́oi |
- Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
Derived terms
[edit]- Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐ́βῐᾰ (Ănăxĭ́bĭă)
- Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐ́βῐος (Ănăxĭ́bĭos)
- βῐόω (bĭóō)
- βῐωτῐκός (bĭōtĭkós)
- ἐνᾰντῐ́βῐος (enăntĭ́bĭos)
- Ζηνόβῐος (Zēnóbĭos)
- κοινόβῐος (koinóbĭos)
- Πολῠ́βῐος (Polŭ́bĭos)
- Ταλθῠ́βῐος (Talthŭ́bĭos)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βιω-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 216-7
Further reading
[edit]- “βίος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βίος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βίος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- “βίος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- βίος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “βίος” in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “βίος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Strong, James (1979), “G979”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- being idem, page 72.
- career idem, page 113.
- course idem, page 178.
- existence idem, page 292.
- life idem, page 489.
- livelihood idem, page 495.
- living idem, page 496.
- maintenance idem, page 508.
- subsistence idem, page 832.
- support idem, page 841.
- sustenance idem, page 846.
- tenor idem, page 862.
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | βίος (víos) | βίοι (víoi) |
| genitive | βίου (víou) | βίων (víon) |
| accusative | βίο (vío) | βίους (víous) |
| vocative | βίε (víe) | βίοι (víoi) |
Synonyms
[edit]- (life): ζωή f (zoḯ)
Derived terms
[edit]- βιολογία (viología)
Further reading
[edit]- βίος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
βίος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeyh₃-
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Attic Greek
- Epic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Koine Greek
- Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeyh₃-
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'
