鳳

See also: 凤 and 鳯

鳳	U+9CF3, 鳳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CF3

← 鳲
[U+9CF2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鳴 →
[U+9CF4]

Translingual

See images of 鳳
(radical 196 + 3)

Han character

鳳 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+3, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 竹弓一日火 (HNMAF), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵𠘨𩾏)

Derived characters

㵯

Additional Derived Characters

𠏵, 𫲉, 𣝲, 𤪧, 𫄍, 𳃪, 𬐑, 𫘙, 𪋴, 𮱱, 𳏣, 𪈽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1482, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46671
Dae Jaweon: page 2014, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4616, character 5
Unihan data for U+9CF3

Chinese

trad.		鳳
simp.		凤
alternative forms		鳯凤风

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鳳
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	pʰoms, bum
凡	*bom
帆	bom, boms
颿	bom, boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	bloms, bum
芃	boːŋ, bum
風	plum, plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Pictogram (象形): a bird with a prominent crest and tail feathers. The phonetic component 凡 (*bam) (sometimes written as 戌) was often added.

Bronze inscriptions record the presentation of live feng (中乎歸生鳳于王), indicating it originally referred to a real bird, likely the peacock (compare 皇, which depicts a peacock feather).

In the oracle bone script, it was borrowed for 風 (OC *pəm). The character 風 is actually a later corrupted abbreviation of 鳳, with its 虫 component evolving from the peacock's tail feathers.

Etymology

This has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Schuessler, 2007) and also by Wang (1982) to 鵬 (OC *bɯːŋ, “fabulous great bird”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fèng (feng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fung⁶ / fung^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fuung⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fung

(Hailu, HRS): fung^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): fung⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): feng³
Northern Min (KCR): hō̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hông
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶von

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fòng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng⁴
  - Yale: fèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq
  - Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fung⁶ / fung^6-2
  - Yale: fuhng / fúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung⁶ / fung^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung⁶ / fung^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ²²/, /fʊŋ²²⁻³⁵/

Note: fung6-2 - used in names.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fuung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵŋ³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fung
  - Hakka Romanization System: fung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fung^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /fuŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɔŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōng
  - Tâi-lô: hōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hong
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶von
  - MiniDict: von^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³von
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuwngH

Rime
Character	鳳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	馮貢切
Baxter	bjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/biuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/biuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/bĭuŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bums/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鳳
Reading #	1/1
No.	2935
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鳳
Old Chinese	/*bums/

Definitions

鳳

(Chinese mythology) male fenghuang (a mythological bird)
(Cantonese, euphemistic) chicken (as food)
鳳爪／凤爪 [Cantonese] ― fung⁶ zaau² [Jyutping] ― chicken leg
(Hong Kong Cantonese) female prostitute
(～縣) Feng County, Fengxian (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China)
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 妓女 (“female prostitute”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		娼妓, 妓女, 娼婦
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	妓女, 婊子, 姑娘兒, 窯姐兒, 野花兒
	Taiwan	妓女, 婊子
	Harbin	婊子, 窯子娘們兒, 窯姐兒, 兔兒, 兔子
	Malaysia	雞
	Singapore	妓女, 雞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	窯姐
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	婊子, 賣窯子的
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	窯子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xining	馬班子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	婊子, 娼婦
	Lanzhou	婊子, 窯子
	Ürümqi	婊子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	梭爺子, 婊子婆娘, 婊子, 梭梭, 雞, 貓兒, 野雞, 捨物, 粉臉子 dated
	Wuhan	婊子, 妖姑, 賣貨, 片
	Guiyang	婊子, 娼妓
	Kunming	爛使, 皮旦
	Liuzhou	老舉婆, 老舉, 婊子婆
	Dagudi (Maliba)	賣屄人
	Reshuitang (Longling)	賣屄人
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	妓女, 賣屄婆
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	賣屄人
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	婊子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	婊子, 姑娘 dated
Cantonese	Guangzhou	老舉, 野雞, 雞
	Hong Kong	妓女, 雞, 老舉, 啄地, 鳳, 鳳姐, 女女, G neologism
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	老舉
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	老舉
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	老舉
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	老舉
	Macau	老舉, 雞
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	老舉
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	老舉
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	老舉
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	老舉
	Foshan	老舉
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	老舉
	Foshan (Shunde)	老舉
	Foshan (Sanshui)	老舉
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	老舉
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	老舉
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	老舉
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	老舉
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	老舉, 雞
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	老舉, 雞
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	老舉, 雞
	Taishan	老舉, 妓女, 雞
	Kaiping (Chikan)	老舉, 雞
	Enping (Niujiang)	老舉, 雞
	Heshan (Yayao)	老舉
	Dongguan	老舉, 妓女, 雞
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	老舉
	Xinyi	老舉
	Nanning	老妓
	Rongxian	雞
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	老舉婆
	Hepu (Shatian)	老契
	Guiping	老舉
	Guiping (Mule)	雞
	Pingnan	雞
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	老舉, 雞
	Guigang (Pingdong)	老舉
	Beihai	老舉
	Beihai (Nankang)	老舉
	Beihai (Yingpan)	老舉婆
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	老舉, 雞婆
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	老舉
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	雞婆
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	妓女, 老舉, 雞
	Singapore (Guangfu)	雞
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	老舉
	Móng Cái	老舉
	Yangon (Taishan)	妓女, 老舉, 雞
	Mandalay (Taishan)	女妓
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	老舉, 雞
	Betong (Rongxian)	雞
Gan	Nanchang	姑娘, 婊子, 雀子
	Lichuan	婊子
	Pingxiang	婊子
Hakka	Meixian	婊仔, 火屎, 當賺個, 老舉嫲, 老舉
	Xingning	婊哩, 老舉, 老舉嫲, 貨屎, 貨哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	老舉, 老舉婆, 雞
	Huiyang	老舉
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	老舉嫲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	老舉嫲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	老舉
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	老舉嫲
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	雞婆, 老舉嫲, 老舉
	Wuhua (Changbu)	老舉嫲
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	雞婆, 老舉嫲
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	老舉
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	老舉
	Changting	鴨子
	Yudu	婊姊, 姑娘, 婊子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	賺食嫲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	菜店嫲
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	菜店嫲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	賺食嫲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	賺食嫲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	賺食嫲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	趁食夫娘人, 趁食妹子
	Hong Kong	老舉嫲
	Senai (Huiyang)	老舉, 雞
Huizhou	Jixi	婊子, 賣屄貨
Jin	Taiyuan	婊子, 窯子裡的
Jin	Xinzhou	婊子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	妓嫲
	Jianyang	妓嫲
	Wuyishan	婊子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	白面, 白面哥, 白面猴
	Fuzhou (Changle)	白面哥
	Fuqing	婊
	Yongtai	白面
	Gutian	做婊子
	Fu'an	白面
	Ningde	白面
	Shouning	婊囝
	Zhouning	婊囝
	Fuding	花娘
	Matsu	白面
Southern Min	Xiamen	婊仔, 娼婊, 水貨, 雞, 趁食查某, 土婊, 間仔查某
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	婊仔
	Quanzhou	婊仔, 片仔, 水貨, 雞, 土婊
	Yongchun	婊囝
	Zhangzhou	婊仔, 查某孫, 雞, 雞仔, 土婊, 土婊仔, 間仔查某, 間底查某
	Taipei	趁食查某, 菜店查某
	Taipei (Wanhua)	趁食查某
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	趁食查某, 菜店查某, 豆菜底的
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	趁食查某, 豆菜底
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	趁食查某
	Kaohsiung	菜店查某, 趁食查某
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	趁食查某, 菜店查某
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	趁食查某, 菜店查某
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	趁食查某, 咧趁的, 菜店查某
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	趁食查某, 菜店查某, 咧趁的
	Yilan	菜店查某, 趁食查某
	Yilan (Toucheng)	趁食查某
	Changhua (Lukang)	趁食查某
	Taichung	趁食查某
	Taichung (Wuqi)	趁食查某
	Tainan	豆菜底的, 菜店查某, 趁食查某, 貓仔, 咧趁的, 媌仔, 妓女, 路邊花
	Tainan (Anping)	趁食查某, 菜店查某, 歹查某, 咧趁的
	Taitung	趁食查某
	Hsinchu	趁食查某
	Kinmen	趁食查某, 相楗的
	Penghu (Magong)	趁食查某, 菜店查某, 菜店彪, 妓女
	Penghu (Xiyu)	趁食查某, 菜店查某, 婊囝
	Penang (Hokkien)	歹查某, 雞
	Singapore (Hokkien)	婊仔, 樂洞, 雞
	Manila (Hokkien)	摃婆, 漚摃, 婊, 婊仔, 歹查某, 姣查某, 漚查某, 姣婊
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	老妓
	Chaozhou	娼, 雞, 花娘, 查某, 老舉
	Shantou	花娘, 騷婆, 妓女
	Jieyang	雞, 騷, 騷婆, 查某, 娼囝
	Haifeng	雞, 查某娼
	Bangkok (Teochew)	妓女, 雞
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	老衍
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	妓女
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	妓女
	Leizhou	娘
	Haikou	娘囝, 娘
Puxian Min	Putian	貨𨈘
Puxian Min	Xianyou	貨𨈘
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	老舉
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	老妓婆, 婊子婆
Wu	Shanghai	婊子, 妓女, 煤餅
	Shanghai (Chongming)	婊子, 野雞
	Suzhou	婊子, 妓女
	Danyang	婊子
	Hangzhou	婊子, 妓女
	Ningbo	花佬, 婊子, 鹹肉
	Wenzhou	大毛, 嬉老, 花兒
	Jinhua	賣胖貨, 賣胖個, 婊子, 婊子貨
Xiang	Changsha	妓女, 婊子, 婊子婆
	Loudi	婊子, 娼婦
	Quanzhou	妓女

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鳳):

→ Japanese: 鳳(ほう) (hō)
→ Korean: 봉(鳳) (bong)
→ Vietnamese: phụng (鳳), phượng (鳳)

Others:

→ English: Feng
→ Zhuang: fungh

References

“鳳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

鳳

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

feng (male fire-bird) or other fabled bird
person of excellence
imperial
expression of respect

Readings

Go-on: ぶ (bu)、ぶう (bū)、ふう (fū)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←ほう (fou, historical)}
Kun: おおとり (ōtori, 鳳)^{←おほとり (ofotori, 鳳, historical)}
Nanori: あげは (ageha)、たか (taka)

Compounds

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō, “phoenix”)
鳳(ほう)駕(が) (hōga)
鳳(ほう)閣(かく) (hōkaku)
鳳(ほう)眼(がん) (hōgan)
鳳(ほう)管(かん) (hōkan)
鳳(ほう)鏡(きょう) (hōkyō)
鳳(ほう)闕(けつ) (hōketsu)
鳳(ホウ)五(ゴ)郎(ロウ) (hōgorō)
鳳(ほう)字(じ) (hōji)
鳳(ほう)児(じ) (hōji)
鳳(ホウ)雀(ジャ)蛾(ク) (hōjaku)
鳳(ほう)城(じょう) (hōjō)
鳳(ほう)詔(しょう) (hōshō)
鳳(ほう)雛(すう) (hōsū, “phoenix chick”)
鳳(ほう)声(せい) (hōsei, “phoenix's call or cry; honorific epithet for someone's announcement or declaration”)
鳳(ホウ)仙(セン)花(カ) (hōsenka): Impatiens balsamina: garden balsam, touch-me-not
鳳(ほう)池(ち) (hōchi)
鳳(ほう)鳥(ちょう) (hōchō)
鳳(ほう)尾(び) (hōbi)
鳳(ほう)輿(よ) (hōyo)
鳳(ほう)来(らい) (Hōrai)
鳳(ほう)梨(り) (hōri, “pineapple”)
鳳(ほう)暦(れき) (hōreki)
鳳(ほう)輦(れん) (hōren): a kind of fancy sedan chair
鳳(ホウ)蓮(レン)草(ソウ) (hōrensō)
鳳(ほう)楼(ろう) (hōrō)
夔(きほ)鳳(う)鏡(きょう) (kihōkyō)
夔(きほ)鳳(う)文(もん) (Kihōmon)
瑞(ずい)鳳(ほう) (Zuihō)
白(はく)鳳(ほう) (hakuhō)
金(キン)鳳(ポウ)花(ゲ) (kinpōge)
附(ふ)鳳(ほう) (fuhō)
鸞(らん)鳳(ほう) (ranhō), 鸞(らん)鳳(ぽう) (ranpō)
竜(りゅう)鳳(ほう) (ryūhō), 竜(りょう)鳳(ほう) (ryōhō)
鳳(アゲハ)蝶(チョウ) (agehachō)
鳳梨(パイナップル) (painappuru)
白(パイ)鳳(フォン) (paifon)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鳳
ほう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鳳 (MC bjuwngH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ho̞ː]
(Tokyo) ほー [hóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]

Noun

鳳(ほう) • (hō)

(Chinese mythology) feng: a fabled male fire-bird, thought to be a manifestation of a saint
Antonym: 凰 (ō, kō)

Derived terms

鳳(ほう)笙(しょう) (hōshō)

Proper noun

鳳(ほう) • (Hō)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鳳
おおとり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鳳 – see the following entry.

【おおとり】

[noun] any large bird (crane, stork, swan, etc.)

[noun] any majestic bird of legend (peng, fenghuang, phoenix, roc, etc.)

[proper noun] 鵬, 鳳, 大鳥: a surname

Alternative spellings
大鳥, 鵬, 鴻

(This term, 鳳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲鳳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

鳳 (eumhun 봉새 봉 (bongsae bong))

hanja form^? of 봉 (“male phoenix”)

Vietnamese

Han character

鳳: Hán Nôm readings: phượng, phụng

phoenix
Mohur tree

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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