-ina

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ina"

Languages (22)

Asturian • Catalan • Czech • Finnish • Indonesian • Interlingua • Italian • Latin • Māori • Norwegian Bokmål • Old Czech • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Slovincian • Spanish • Upper Sorbian

Page categories

Translingual

Suffix

-ina

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of animals
(taxonomy) Used to form names of suborders of animals
(taxonomy) Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived
(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism

Derived terms

English

Etymology

From Italian -ina and its etymon Classical Latin -īna. In some instances perhaps also partly via Spanish -ina.^[1] Doublet of -ine.

Suffix

-ina

Used to form feminine nouns.
Synonym: -ine
- 1915 May, Wilhelm Boelsche, translated by Rheamars Dredenov, “The Love Adventures of the Spider”, in Charles H[ope] Kerr, editor, The International Socialist Review, volume XV, number 11, Chicago, Ill.: Charles H. Kerr & Company, page 659, column 2:
  Here are the male spider and the female spider (which shall be named “spiderina” in this article), both of the species of the garden spider. The former is only two-thirds of the size of Miss Spiderina.
- 2015, Jim Benton, “Thursday 12”, in Live Each Day to the Dumbest (Dear Dumb Diary: Year Two), New York, N.Y.: Scholastic Inc., →ISBN:
  I HAVE PROBABLY INVENTED THE PROFESSION OF LAWYERINA
- 2017, Fuse, translated by Kevin Gifford, That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime‎^[1], volume 1, New York, N.Y.: Yen Press, LLC, →ISBN:
  Gobta and his attackers turned around to find a goblina staring them down—a fighter, judging by her muddy red hair. […] Hobgoblins of either gender were high-level creatures capable of language, far more intelligent than their goblin relatives.
Used to form names of musical instruments.

Derived terms

References

^ “-ina, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Asturian

Suffix

-ina f

-y (forming diminutives of feminine nouns)

Related terms

-ín

Catalan

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ina f

feminine singular of -í

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

forms diminutives
‎joc m (“game”) + ‎-ina → ‎joguina f (“toy”)

‎mantell m (“cloak”) + ‎-ina → ‎mantellina f (“mantilla”)
forms names of plants, animals, tools, and other nouns related to a base noun or verb
‎taronja (“orange”) + ‎-ina → ‎taronjina (“orange blossom”)

‎sang (“blood”) + ‎-ina → ‎sanguina (“blood orange”)

‎moltó (“wether (castrated ram)”) + ‎-ina → ‎moltonina (“sheepskin”)

‎escopir (“to spit”) + ‎-ina → ‎escopina (“spit, saliva”)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

-ine (used to form names of chemical substances)

Derived terms

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Old Czech -ina

Czech -ina

Inherited from Old Czech -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ ɪna]
Rhymes: -ɪna

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix)

noun forming suffix
‎pustý + ‎-ina → ‎pustina

‎list + ‎-ina → ‎listina

‎kráva + ‎-ina → ‎kravina

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ina

Finnish

Etymology

Equivalent to -ia +‎ -na.

Suffix

-ina (front-vowel variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)

alternative form of -na (suffix deriving nouns from verbs)

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish -ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈina/

Suffix

-ina

used to form some female names
‎Devi + ‎-ina → ‎Devina

‎Karen + ‎-ina → ‎Karenina

Notes

Some names already have this ending and do not derived with this suffix, for example Safina (from Arabic سَفِينة (safīna, “ship”)) or Sabrina (from Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā), ultimately from English).

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from English -ine, French -ine, Italian -ina, Portuguese -ina/Spanish -ina, all ultimately from Latin -īna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈina/

Suffix

^{The template Template:ia-suffix does not use the parameter(s): 1=n
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

-ina

(chemistry) forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container
‎caseo (“cheese”) + ‎-ina → ‎caseina (“caseine”)

‎globulo (“globule”) + ‎-ina → ‎globulino (“globuline”)

‎vacca (“cow”) + ‎-ina → ‎vaccina (“vaccine”)

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -ina not found

References

Alexander Gode; Hugh E. Blair (1955), Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Italian

Alternative forms

-lina

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.na/
Rhymes: -ina
Hyphenation: -ì‧na

Etymology 1

From Latin -īna.

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)

inflectional suffix used to form diminutives of feminine nouns
‎mano (“hand”) + ‎-ina → ‎manina (“small hand”)

‎coperta (“blanket”) + ‎-ina → ‎copertina (“cover”)
used to form the feminine of masculine nouns and given names
‎eroe (“hero”) + ‎-ina → ‎eroina (“heroine”)

‎Giuseppe + ‎-ina → ‎Giuseppina
used to form collective numerals
‎cinquanta (“fifty”) + ‎-ina → ‎cinquantina (“a total of about fifty”)
used to derive nouns denoting a profession
‎Croce Rossa (“Red Cross”) + ‎-ina → ‎crocerossina (“Red Cross nurse”)
used to derive nouns denoting an ethnic or geographical origin
‎Alessandria (“Alessandria; Alexandria”) + ‎-ina → ‎alessandrina (“female native or inhabitant of Alessandria or Alexandria”)
used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities

Suffix

-ina f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

feminine singular of -ino (suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms)
‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ina → ‎smeraldina (“emerald (relational; feminine singular); emerald green (feminine singular)”)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)

(chemistry) used to form names of chemical substances; -ine

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -ina

Anagrams

ain, ani

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.na]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.na]

Etymology 1

Feminine nominalization of -īnus (“of or pertaining to”). For the nouns naming locations, perhaps compare the feminine gender of taberna (“shop, store”). Nouns in -īna with abstract senses, such as medicīna f (“practice of medicine”), can be interpreted as adjectives in agreement with a noun ars f (“art”) that is omitted by ellipsis.^[1]

Suffix

-īna f (genitive -īnae); first declension

Used to form nouns describing places where a certain activity is carried out, or abstract nouns naming activities^[1]
‎opifex (“worker, craftsman, artisan”) + ‎-īna → ‎officīna (“workshop, workroom”)

‎coquus (“cook”) + ‎-īna → ‎coquīna (“kitchen; cookery”)

‎fodiō (“to dig”) + ‎-īna → ‎fodīna (“mine”)

‎medicus (“doctor, physician”) + ‎-īna → ‎medicīna (“medicine; cure; practice of medicine”)
Used to form nouns or names denoting female beings
‎gallus (“rooster, cock”) + ‎-īna → ‎gallīna (“hen”)

‎cloāca (“sewer”) + ‎-īna → ‎Cloācīna (“goddess of the Cloaca Maxima”)

Usage notes

Nouns in -īna often show syncope of an internal syllable preceding the suffix, as in doctor, doctrīna; figulus (“potter”), figlīna (“potter's workshop”); opifex (“craftsman, artisan, worker”), officīna (“workshop”); and discipulus, disciplīna. Some have alternative forms without syncope, sometimes attested specifically in the context of Old Latin, such as discipulīna and opificīna (found in Plautus). Many nouns in -īna are built on nouns that serve as the name of professions or occupations, including a number of formations in -trīna from agent nouns in -tor.

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	-īna	-īnae
genitive	-īnae	-īnārum
dative	-īnae	-īnīs
accusative	-īnam	-īnās
ablative	-īnā	-īnīs
vocative	-īna	-īnae

Synonyms

(forms nouns denoting places): -āria, -ārium, -tōrium

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-īna

inflection of -īnus:
1. nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Arnold, Thomas Kerchever (1855), Latin word-building, London: Rivingtons, Waterloo Place, page 32

Māori

Suffix

-ina

passive ending (used for words ending in 'a')

Derived terms

Māori terms suffixed with -ina

utaina

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

-ine (female name-forming suffix; more common)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ˈiː.na/
Rhymes: -iːna
Homophone: Ina
Hyphenation: -i‧na

Etymology 1

A less common variant of -ine (“female name-forming suffix”). The Norwegian name-forming pattern was transmitted through Danish from German and ultimately reflects Latin -īna (“feminine form of -īnus”), the feminine of -īnus (“of or pertaining to”). Names in -ina formed part of the same naming fashion as the more widespread formations in -ine.

Compare Danish -ina and Swedish -ina (“female name-forming suffix”).

Suffix

-ina

(onomastics, chiefly historical) Used to form female given names, especially from male given names and, less commonly, from other female given names; a less common variant of -ine.
Hans (“male given name”) +‎ -ina (“female name-forming suffix”) → Hansina

Jens (“male given name”) +‎ -ina (“female name-forming suffix”) → Jensina

Nils (“male given name”) +‎ -ina (“female name-forming suffix”) → Nilsina

Guri (“female given name”) +‎ -ina (“female name-forming suffix”) → Gurina

Usage notes

Names formed with -ina belong to the same historical naming pattern as names in -ine, but the variant in -ina was considerably less common.
The pattern was especially associated with the practice of naming daughters after male relatives during the 19th century.
Not every female given name ending in the letters ⟨-ina⟩ was formed in Norwegian using this suffix. Names such as Kristina, Antonina and Albina may instead have been adopted as complete names or represent older independent formations.

Derived terms

Gurina (“female given name”)
Hansina (“female given name”)
Jensina (“female given name”)
Nilsina (“female given name”)
Olina (“female given name”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

-inene (neuter definite plural)

Suffix

-ina

neuter definite plural of -in (“noun-forming suffix used especially in names of chemical substances and minerals”)

References

“kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“fornamn” in Store norske leksikon.
Gulbrand Alhaug (1990), “Women’s Names in -ine – a Great Name Fashion in Norway in the 19th Century”, in Proceedings of the XVIIth International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, volume 1, pages 137–144.
“Hansina – kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“Jensina – kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“Nilsina – kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“Gurina – kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“Olina – kvinnenamn” in Store norske leksikon.
“-in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“-in” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Old Czech -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈina/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈina/

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix)

noun forming suffix
‎druh + ‎-ina → ‎družina

‎pustý + ‎-ina → ‎pustina

‎slabý + ‎-ina → ‎slabina

‎hostiti + ‎-ina → ‎hostina

Usage notes

This suffix causes first palatalisation of the preceding consonant.

Declension

Declension of -ina (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-ina	-ině	-iny
genitive	-iny	-inú	-in
dative	-ině	-inama	-inám
accusative	-inu	-ině	-iny
vocative	-ino	-ině	-iny
locative	-ině	-inú	-inách
instrumental	-inú	-inama	-inami

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Derived terms

Old Czech terms suffixed with -ina

Descendants

Czech: -ina

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Old Polish -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ina/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ina/

Suffix

-ina

forms feminine nouns of various meanings

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -ina

Descendants

Polish: -ina

Polish

Alternative forms

-yna

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Old Polish -ina

Polish -ina

Inherited from Old Polish -ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.na/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ina
Syllabification: -i‧na
Homophone: Ina

Suffix

-ina f

appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames (ending with -a and -g, -ge, -go) to form nouns meaning: wife of
Synonym: -owa
appended to animals to mean meat of
(obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of
forms feminine nouns of various meanings

Declension

Declension of *-ina*
	singular	plural
nominative	-ina	-iny
genitive	-iny	-in
dative	-inie	-inom
accusative	-inę	-iny
instrumental	-iną	-inami
locative	-inie	-inach
vocative	-ino	-iny

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ina

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Derived from Latin -īnus.

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

(chemistry) -ine, -in

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

female equivalent of -ino

Suffix

-ina f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

feminine singular of -ino

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Serbo-Croatian -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Suffix

-ina (Cyrillic spelling -ина)

Suffix appended to words to create feminine nouns.
Suffix appended to words to create a possessive form of feminine nouns.
Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative or negative connotation.

Declension

Declension of *-ina*
	singular	plural
nominative	-ina	-ine
genitive	-ine	-ina
dative	-ini	-inama
accusative	-inu	-ine
vocative	-ino	-ine
locative	-ini	-inama
instrumental	-inom	-inama

Derived terms

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Slovak -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Suffix

-ina f

suffix used to form feminine nouns denoting geographical features, landscapes, slopes, or depressions
‎dol (“bottom”) + ‎-ina → ‎dolina (“valley”)

‎kotol (“kettle”) + ‎-ina → ‎kotlina (“basin”)

‎strmý (“steep”) + ‎-ina → ‎strmina (“precipice; steep slope”)

‎šikmý (“slanted”) + ‎-ina → ‎šikmina (“slope; incline”)
suffix used to form collective nouns denoting stands, groves, or groupings of specific plants, trees, or vegetation
‎jelša (“alder”) + ‎-ina → ‎jelšina (“alder grove”)

‎lopúch (“burdock”) + ‎-ina → ‎lopušina (“burdock patch”)

‎borovica (“pine”) + ‎-ina → ‎borina (“pine forest”)

‎buk (“beech”) + ‎-ina → ‎bučina (“beech forest”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting specific categories or groups of plants, agricultural crops, or vegetation
‎byľ (“stalk”) + ‎-ina → ‎bylina (“herb; plant”)

‎zelený (“green”) + ‎-ina → ‎zelenina (“vegetables”)

‎ozimný (“winter (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎ozimina (“winter crop”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting animal products, specifically meat, fats, or pelts
‎divý (“wild”) + ‎-ina → ‎divina (“venison; game meat”)

‎bravčový (“pork (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎bravčovina (“pork (meat)”)

‎hovädzí (“beef (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎hovädzina (“beef (meat)”)

‎slaný (“salty”) + ‎-ina → ‎slanina (“bacon”)

‎kožuch (“fur, skin”) + ‎-ina → ‎kožušina (“fur; pelt”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting a characteristic smell, aroma, or quality, often unpleasant
‎myší (“mouse (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎myšina (“smell of mice”)

‎pleseň (“mold”) + ‎-ina → ‎plesnina (“mustiness; smell of mold”)

‎stuchlý (“musty”) + ‎-ina → ‎stuchlina (“musty odor”)
suffix used to form expressive or colloquial nouns denoting nonsense, jokes, or fun
‎pes (“dog”) + ‎-ina → ‎psina (“fun; joke”)

‎krava (“cow”) + ‎-ina → ‎kravina (“bullshit; nonsense”)

‎kôň (“horse”) + ‎-ina → ‎konina (“nonsense”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting fractions or quantitative groupings
‎osem (“eight”) + ‎-ina → ‎osmina (“one eighth”)

‎desať (“ten”) + ‎-ina → ‎desatina (“one tenth”)

‎menší (“smaller”) + ‎-ina → ‎menšina (“minority”)

‎väčší (“larger”) + ‎-ina → ‎väčšina (“majority”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting types of matter, materials, waste, or biological remains
‎zdochlý (“dead”) + ‎-ina → ‎zdochlina (“carcass; cadaver”)

‎hluchý (“barren”) + ‎-ina → ‎hlušina (“gangue; waste rock”)

‎zem (“earth”) + ‎-ina → ‎zemina (“soil; earth material”)
suffix used to form nouns denoting the result of an action or a concrete object created by a process
‎čmáraný (“scribbled”) + ‎-ina → ‎čmáranina (“scribble; scrawl”)

‎zlúčený (“combined”) + ‎-ina → ‎zlúčenina (“compound; combination”)

‎nový (“new”) + ‎-ina → ‎novina (“news; novelty”)

Usage notes

When attached to stems ending in hard consonants, the suffix -ina triggers softening or palatalisation of the preceding consonant. Apart from regular softening (e.g., n → ň), the velar consonants undergo the following shifts:
- k → č (e.g., buk → bučina); h or g → ž (e.g., druh → družina); ch → š (e.g., lopúch → lopušina).

Declension

Declension of *-ina*
(pattern *žena*)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ina	-iny
genitive	-iny	-ín
dative	-ine	-inám
accusative	-inu	-iny
locative	-ine	-inách
instrumental	-inou	-inami

Derived terms

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ina/, /-ìːna/

Suffix

-ina or -ína f

added to adjectives to form an abstract noun

Derived terms

Slovincian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Slovincian -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.na/

Suffix

-ina (f)

forms feminine nouns

Derived terms

Slovincian terms suffixed with -ina

babjina

babjëwjérczina

baranjina

Spanish

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Italic *-īnos

Latin -īnus

French -in

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Italic *-ā

Latin -am

Old French -e

French -e

French -inebor.

Spanish -ina

Borrowed from French -ine.

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

(chemistry) -ine
(biochemistry) -in

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

female equivalent of -ino (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Suffix

-ina f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

feminine singular of -ino

Derived terms

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀder.

Proto-Slavic *-ina

Upper Sorbian -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Suffix

-ina f

forms feminine nouns of various meanings

[1] “-ina, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

[Arnold-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Arnold, Thomas Kerchever (1855), Latin word-building, London: Rivingtons, Waterloo Place, page 32

[1]

[1]

Translingual

Suffix

Derived terms

English

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

References

Asturian

Suffix

Related terms

Catalan

Etymology 1

Suffix

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Finnish

Etymology

Suffix

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Notes

Interlingua

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

References

Italian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

See also

Anagrams

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

References

Māori

Suffix

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Suffix

References

Old Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation