human

See also: Human and humán

English

Alternative forms

humane (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin hūmānuslbor.

Old French umain

Middle French humainbor.

Middle English humayne

English human

From Late Middle English humaigne, humayne, humain, from Middle French humain, from Old French humain, umain (“of or belonging to man”, adjective), from Latin hūmānus m (“of man, human”, adjective); see there for further details.^[1]^[2] Spelling human has been predominant since the early 18th century.^[1] Compare man, to which it is possibly related.^[3]

Pronunciation

enPR: hyo͞oʹmən, IPA^(key): /ˈhjuː.mən/, [ˈçju̟mən], [ˈçju̟mn̩]
(New York City, some other dialects) IPA^(key): /ˈju.mən/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -uːmən
Hyphenation: hu‧man

Adjective

human (comparative more human, superlative most human)

(not comparable) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.
- c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vi:
  Some powers diuine, or els infernall, mixt / Their angry ſeedes at his conception: / For he was neuer ſprong of humaine race, / Since with the ſpirit of his fearefull pride, / He dares so doubtleſly reſolue of rule.
- 1660, [Richard Allestree], “Sect[ion] V. Of the Second Advantage, Wealth.”, in The Gentlemans Calling, London: […] T[imothy] Garthwait […], →OCLC, page 83:
  [N]o attempt is made to call in God to their reſcue, as if he vvere an idle unconcern'd ſpectator of humane affairs, or ſo inconſiderable an ally, as not to be vvorth the care of engaging him on their ſide.
- 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[2], volume 188, number 26, archived from the original on 7 May 2021, page 36:
  Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
(comparable) Having the nature or attributes of a human being.
To err is human; to forgive, divine.

She's only human, so give her a break!
- 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
  She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
  The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
- 2011 August 17, Holman W. Jenkins, Jr., The Many Wars of Google: Handset makers will learn to live with their new ‘frenemy’, Business World, Wall Street Journal,
  Google wouldn't be human if it didn't want some of this loot, which buying Motorola would enable it to grab.
Compassionate.
Synonym: humane
- 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
  When his loosely-built, straggling, lean, clerical figure appeared, with that gaunt, worn face illuminated by its human grin and dignified by its earnest eyes, through the doorway, they both felt as if an old friend had entered. His own greeting was equally cordial.

Synonyms

mannish, mennish (now rare)

Antonyms

Hypernyms

animalian (in its sense including all Animalia)
mammalian

Related terms

Translations

of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens

Afrikaans: mens (af)
Albanian: njerëzor, njeri (sq) m
Altai:
Southern Altai: кижи (kiži)
Arabic: بَشَرِيّ (ar) (bašariyy), إنْسَانِيّ (ʔinsāniyy)
Aragonese: umano (an)
Armenian: մարդկային (hy) (mardkayin)
Assamese: মানুহ (manuh), মানৱ (manow)
Asturian: humanu (ast)
Azerbaijani: bəşər (az), insan (az), bəşəri, insani
Belarusian: чалаве́чы (čalavjéčy), людскі́ (ljudskí)
Bengali: মানবীয় (bn) (manbiẏo), মানুষিক (bn) (manuśik)
Bulgarian: чове́шки (bg) (čovéški)
Burmese: မနုဿ (my) (ma.nu.ssa.)
Catalan: humà (ca)
Cherokee: please add this translation if you can
Chinese:
Mandarin: 人的 (zh) (rén de), 人類的 / 人类的 (zh) (rénlèi de)
Choctaw: okla
Comorian:
Ngazidja Comorian: -a kibinadamu
Czech: lidský (cs) m
Danish: menneskelig
Dutch: menselijk (nl), mens- (nl)
Esperanto: homa (eo)
Estonian: inim-, inimese
Finnish: inhimillinen (fi), ihmis- (fi)
French: humain (fr)
Old French: umain, humain
Galician: humano (gl)
Georgian: ადამიანური (adamianuri)
German: menschlich (de)
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (mannisks)
Greek: ανθρώπινος (el) (anthrópinos)
Ancient Greek: ἀνθρωπικός (anthrōpikós), ἀνθρώπειος (anthrṓpeios)
Gujarati: માણસ (gu) m or n (māṇas)
Haida: x̱aadas
Haida: x̱aadas
Haitian Creole: imen
Hebrew: אֱנוֹשִׁי (he) (enoshí)
Hindi: इंसान (insān), मनुष्य (hi) (manuṣya), मानव (hi) (mānav), इंसानी (insānī), मानवी (hi) (mānvī)
Hungarian: emberi (hu)
Ido: homa (io)
Indonesian: manusia (id)
Ingrian: ihmiin, ihmihiin, inmiin, inmihiin
Interlingua: human (ia)
Irish: daonna
Italian: umano (it)
Japanese: 人の (ja) (ひとの, hito no), 人間の (ja) (にんげんの, ningen no)
Kazakh: адами (adamıy), адам (kk) (adam)
Khmer: មនុស្ស (km) (mɔnuh)
Korean: 사람의 (ko) (saram-ui), 인간의 (ko) (in'gan-ui)
Kyrgyz: адам (ky) (adam)
Lao: ມະນຸດ (lo) (ma nut)
Latin: hūmānus (la) m
Latvian: cilvēcisks
Limburgish: miensjelik (li)
Macedonian: човечки m (čovečki)
Malay: manusia (ms)
Maltese: uman
Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠᡳ (niyalmai), ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
᠊ᡳ (niyalma -i)
Māori: tangata (mi)
Maranao: manosiya
Marathi: मानवी (mānvī)
Miwok:
Central Sierra Miwok: míw·y-
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: хүний (mn) (xünii)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: menneskelig (no)
Occitan: uman (oc)
Old Occitan: uman, human
Odia: ମନୁଷ୍ୟ (or) (manuṣya)
Old English: mennisċ
Pashto: انساني (ps) (ensāní), بشري (ps) (bašarí)
Persian: اِنْسانی (fa) (ensâni), بَشَری (fa) (bašari)
Piedmontese: uman
Polish: ludzki (pl), człowieczy (pl)
Portuguese: humano (pt)
Romanian: omenesc (ro), uman (ro)
Romansh: uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader), human (Sursilvan), umaun (Puter)
Russian: челове́ческий (ru) (čelovéčeskij), людско́й (ru) (ljudskój)
Sanskrit: मानव (sa) (mānava), मनुष्य (sa) (manuṣya), मानवीय (sa) (mānavīya), मानुष्यक (sa) (mānuṣyaka)
Scots: human
Scottish Gaelic: daonna
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: љу̀дскӣ, човјек m, човек m, човик m, чловик m, чловек m (archaic), чловјек m (obsolete), чоек m (colloquial, regional), чојек m (colloquial, regional), чоик m (colloquial, regional), шловек m (colloquial, regional), шовек m (colloquial, regional), људи m pl

Latin: ljùdskī (sh), čovjek (sh) m, čovek (sh) m, čovik (sh) m, človik (sh) m, človek (sh) m (archaic), človjek m (obsolete), čoek (sh) m (colloquial, regional), čojek (sh) m (colloquial, regional), čoik m (colloquial, regional), šlovek m (colloquial, regional), šovek m (colloquial, regional), ljudi (sh) m pl
Slovak: ľudský
Slovene: človeški, ljúdski
Sotho: motho (st)
Spanish: humano (es)
Swahili: kibinadamu
Swedish: mänsklig (sv)
Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠘꠥ (manu), ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ (manuś)
Tajik: одамӣ (odami), инсонӣ (insoni), башарӣ (bašari)
Tarifit: iwdan m pl
Telugu: మనిషి (te) (maniṣi)
Thai: มนุษย์ (th) (má-nút)
Tonga (Zambia): muntu class c1
Tsonga: munhu
Turkish: beşeri (tr), insani (tr)
Turkmen: ynsany
Ukrainian: людськи́й (ljudsʹkýj)
Urdu: اِنْسانی (insānī)
Uyghur: ئىنسانىي (insaniy)
Uzbek: insoniy (uz), odamiy (uz), bashariy (uz)
Vietnamese: người (vi)
Welsh: dynol (cy)
Yiddish: מענטשלעך (mentshlekh)
Yoruba: ènìyàn

having the nature or attributes of a human being

Afrikaans: menslik (af)
Arabic: آدْمِيّ (ʔādmiyy), بَشَرِيّ (ar) (bašariyy), إِنْسَانِيّ (ʔinsāniyy)
Armenian: մարդկային (hy) (mardkayin)
Aromanian: uminescu
Asturian: humanu (ast)
Belarusian: чалаве́чы (čalavjéčy), людскі́ (ljudskí)
Bulgarian: чове́шки (bg) (čovéški)
Catalan: humà (ca)
Cherokee: ᏴᏫ (yvwi)
Czech: lidský (cs)
Danish: menneskelig, human (da)
Dutch: menselijk (nl)
Esperanto: homa (eo)
Estonian: inimlik
Finnish: inhimillinen (fi)
French: humain (fr)
Friulian: please add this translation if you can
Gagauz: adam, kişi, insan
Galician: humano (gl)
German: menschlich (de)
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (mannisks)
Greek: ανθρώπινος (el) m (anthrópinos)
Ancient Greek: ἀνθρώπινος (anthrṓpinos)
Hindi: मानवीय (hi) (mānvīya)
Hungarian: emberi (hu)
Ido: homala (io)
Irish: duiniúil, duineata
Italian: umano (it)
Japanese: please add this translation if you can
Khmer: នៃ មនុស្ស លោក (nɨy mɔnuh look)
Latin: hūmānus (la)
Latvian: cilvēcisks
Macedonian: човечки m (čovečki)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: menneskelig (no)
Occitan: uman (oc)
Old English: mennisċ
Polish: ludzki (pl) m
Portuguese: humano (pt)
Romanian: omenesc (ro), uman (ro)
Romansh: uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader), human (Sursilvan), umaun (Puter)
Russian: челове́ческий (ru) (čelovéčeskij), людско́й (ru) (ljudskój)
Scots: human
Scottish Gaelic: daonna
Slovak: ľudský
Slovene: človeški, ljúdski
Spanish: humano (es)
Swedish: mänsklig (sv)
Turkish: insanca (tr)
Yiddish: מענטשלעך (mentshlekh)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Estonian: ^{(please verify)} inim-, ^{(please verify)} inimlik, ^{(please verify)} inimese
Igbo: ^{(please verify)} madụ
Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} human (ia)
Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} žmoginis m (biological term), ^{(please verify)} žmogiškas m
Persian: ^{(please verify)} انسانی (fa) (ensâni)
Turkish: ^{(please verify)} insan (tr)

Noun

human (plural humans or (nonstandard, humorous) humen)

(strictly, biology) A highly intelligent ape with fine and short body hair; the most abundant species of primate, with members found on every continent (Homo sapiens).
Synonyms: human being, man, woman, person

Humans share common ancestors with other apes.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
  Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
- 2013 April 18, Rock Paper Cynic (webcomic):
  If I ever have to choose between a future where killer robots hunt humans or a future where bacon supplies have run out ... Let's just say you better start running.
- 2026 June 14, Eli Saslow, Erin Schaff, “The World’s Leading Deepfake Expert No Longer Trusts His Own Eyes”, in The New York Times‎^[3], →ISSN:
  They were for start-ups promising to reinvent medicine, disrupt education and transform the future of business. “Stop Hiring Humans,” one billboard read.
1. (fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A human as contrasted from superficially similar but typically more powerful humanoid creatures; a member of the human race.
  - 1994 March 29, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes:
    Greetings. I am Blor-Utar from Zimtok-5. I have come to subjugate the human race. Do not resist. Why humans? Because, in addition to their value as slave labor, they are also delicious and nutritious!
2. (fantasy, science fiction) A term of address for any human, often implying the listener's species is their only noteworthy trait.
  - 2011 December 29, Alex Culang, Raynato Castro, Buttersafe‎^[4] (webcomic):
    Greetings, human! You have stumbled into the dimension of the Snow People. […] Flesh plows clear the streets to make them safe to drive. […] Does this shock you, human? Do the ways of our world open your eyes to the truths of your own?
(loosely) Any hominid of the genus Homo.

Translations

human being

Abkhaz: ауаҩы (awajʷə)
Acehnese: ureuëng
Achuar: aishmang
Afrikaans: mens (af)
Ahom: 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun)
Ainu: アイヌ (aynu)
Aja (East Africa): i'i
Akan: onipa, nipa
Aklanon: tawo
Albanian: njeri (sq)
Aleut: tayaĝux̂
Amharic: የሰው ልጅ (yäsäw ləǧ), ሰው (säw)
Apache:
Western Apache: ndeeń
Arabic: إِنْسَان (ar) m (ʔinsān), نَاس pl (nās) (plural), بَشَر (ar) m (bašar), إِنْس m (ʔins)
Chadian Arabic: نادم (nādum)

Egyptian Arabic: إنسان m (ensān), بنيآدم m (baniādam)

Hijazi Arabic: إنسان m (ʼinsān), بني آدم m (bani ʼādam)

Moroccan Arabic: إنسان m (ʔinsān), بنادم m (bnādim, bnādam)
Aragonese: homo m, umano (an) m
Aramaic:
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ c (nāšā)

Hebrew script: אנשא c (nāšā)

Syriac: ܐܢܫܐ c (nāšā)
Argobba: ሱ (su)
Armenian: մարդ (hy) (mard)
Aromanian: om (roa-rup)
Assamese: মানুহ (manuh)
Asturian: home (ast) m, humanu (ast) m, ser humanu (ast) m
Avar: чи (či), гӏадан (ʻadan), инсан (insan)
Azerbaijani: insan (az), adam (az), kişi (az)
Bashkir: кеше (kişi), әҙәм (äðäm), бәндә (bändä)
Basque: gizon (eu), gizaki
Belarusian: чалаве́к (be) m (čalavjék), лю́дзі pl (ljúdzi) (plural)
Bengali: মানুষ (bn) (manuś), মানব (bn) (manob), ইনসান (bn) (inośan)
Bilua: maba
Bislama: man
Blagar: ne
Bouyei: wenz
Bulgarian: чове́к (bg) m (čovék), хо́ра (bg) pl (hóra) (plural), лю́де pl (ljúde) (plural, archaic)
Burmese: လူ (my) (lu), မနုဿ (my) (ma.nu.ssa.), လူသား (my) (lusa:), ပုဂ္ဂိုလ် (my) (pugguil), လူ (my) (lu)
Buryat: хүн (xün)
Butuanon: tao
Carpathian Rusyn: чолові́к m (čolovík)
Catalan: home (ca) m, humà (ca) m, ésser humà m
Catawba: ye
Cebuano: tawo
Chechen: адам (adam)
Cherokee: ᏴᏫ (yvwi)
Chichewa: munthu
Chinese:
Cantonese: 人 (yue) (jan⁴), 人類 / 人类 (jan⁴ leoi⁶)

Dungan: жын (řɨn)

Eastern Min: 儂 / 侬 (nè̤ng), 人 (ìng), 人類 / 人类 (ìng-lôi)

Hakka: 人類 / 人类 (ngìn-lui)

Hokkien: 儂 / 侬 (zh-min-nan) (lâng)

Mandarin: 人 (zh) (rén), 人類 / 人类 (zh) (rénlèi)

Northern Min: 人 (nêng)

Wu: 人類 / 人类
Chukchi: о’равэтԓьан (o’ravėtḷʹan)
Chuvash: ҫын (śyn), этем (et̬em), тӑнлӑ ҫын (tănlă ś̬yn)
Circassian:
East Circassian: please add this translation if you can

West Circassian: please add this translation if you can
Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉ (rōme)
Cree:
Atikamekw: iriniw
Crimean Tatar: adam, insan
Czech: člověk (cs) m, lidská bytost f
Dalmatian: jomno m
Danish: menneske (da) n
Darkinjung: kuri
Dhivehi: އިންސާނުން (in̊sānun̊)
Dutch: mens (nl) m
Egyptian:

(rmṯ)
Emilian: òmen
Erzya: ломань (lomań)
Esperanto: homo (eo)
Estonian: inimene (et)
Evenki: иле (ile), бэе (bəje)
Ewe: ame, amegbetɔ
Extremaduran: please add this translation if you can
Faroese: menniskja n or f, fólk n, maður (fo) m
Finnish: ihminen (fi)
Franco-Provençal: homo m, étre humen m, humen m
French: homme (fr) m, être humain (fr) m, humain (fr) m
Frisian:
North Frisian: mansche, mensk m (Föhr-Amrum), karmen m (Föhr-Amrum), Man m (Sylt)

West Frisian: minske (fy) c
Friulian: om m, omp m
Galician: home (gl) m, humano (gl) m, ser humano (gl) m
Ge'ez: ሰብእ (säbʾ)
Georgian: კაცი (ka) (ḳaci), ადამიანი (ka) (adamiani)
German: Mensch (de) m;, menschliches Wesen (de) n
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 m (manna)
Greek: άνθρωπος (el) m (ánthropos), ανθρώπινο ον n (anthrópino on)
Ancient Greek: ἄνθρωπος m (ánthrōpos)
Guarani:
Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} ava (gn)
Gujarati: પુરુષ (gu) (puruṣ), મનુષ્ય (gu) m (manuṣya)
Haitian Creole: moun
Hausa: mutun (ha)
Hawaiian: kanaka
Hebrew: בֶּן אָדָם (he) m (ben adám) (literally "son of Adam"), אָדָם (he) m (ádam)
Hiligaynon: tawo
Hindi: मनुष्य (hi) (manuṣya), मानव (hi) m (mānav), इंसान m (insān), लोग (hi) pl (log), आदमी (hi) m (ādmī), आदम (hi) m (ādam), जन (hi) m (jan), बशर (hi) m (baśar), व्यक्ति (hi) m (vyakti), मानस (hi) m (mānas), मानुस (hi) m (mānus), मानुष (hi) m (mānuṣ)
Hittite: 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀸 c (an-tu-wa-aḫ-ḫa-aš)
Hungarian: ember (hu)
Hunsrik: Mensch m
Iban: mensia
Icelandic: manneskja (is) f, maður (is) m
Ido: homo (io)
Indonesian: orang (id), manusia (id), insan (id)
Interlingua: homine (ia), esser human
Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᒃ (iu) (inok)
Irish: duine (ga) m
Old Irish: duine m
Isubu: motu
Italian: uomo (it) m, umano (it) m, essere umano (it) m
Japanese: 人 (ja) (ひと, hito), 人間 (ja) (にんげん, ningen), 人類 (ja) (じんるい, jinrui)
Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦁ (jv) (wong), ꦠꦶꦪꦁ (jv) (tiyang), ꦩꦤꦸꦁꦱ (jv) (manungsa)
Old Javanese: wwang
Jeju: 사름 (sareum)
Kabyle: amdan
Kaingang: ũn gré
Kaitag: инса́н (insán), ме́йдам (méjdam)
Kalmyk: күн (kün)
Kannada: ಮಾನವ (kn) (mānava)
Karachay-Balkar: адам (adam), киши (kişi)
Karelian: ihmini
Kashmiri: اِنسان (insān)
Kashubian: (Slovincian) χlʉ̀ɵ̯p m, człowiek
Kazakh: адам (kk) (adam), кісі (kisi)
Khmer: មនុស្ស (km) (mɔnuh), ជគត (km) (cĕəʼkŭət), ជន (km) (cŭən), នរ (nɔɔ) (usually in compounds)
Kikuyu: mũndũ class 1
Komi:
Komi-Permyak: морт (mort)
Konkani: मनिषु (maniṣu)
Korean: 사람 (ko) (saram), 인류(人類) (ko) (illyu), 인간(人間) (ko) (in'gan)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مرۆڤ (ckb) (mirov), مرۆو (ckb) (mirow)

Northern Kurdish: mirov (ku), insan (ku)
Kyrgyz: киши (ky) (kişi), адам (ky) (adam)
Lakota: wičháša
Lao: ມະນຸດ (lo) (ma nut), ຄົນ (lo) (khon)
Latgalian: cylvāks m
Latin: homō (la) m
Latvian: cilvēks (lv) m
Lezgi: инсан (insan), кас (kas)
Ligurian: ommo m
Lingala: moto
Linngithigh: ma
Lithuanian: žmogus (lt) m, žmonės (lt) pl
Low German:
German Low German: Minsch (nds) m, Mensch (nds) m
Lü: ᦅᦳᧃ (kun)
Luganda: omuntu class omu/aba
Luxembourgish: Mënsch m
Macedonian: човек (mk) m (čovek), луѓе pl (luǵe)
Maguindanao: taw
Malagasy: olombelona (mg)
Malay: orang (ms), manusia (ms), insan (ms)
Malayalam: മനുഷ്യൻ (ml) (manuṣyaṉ)
Maltese: bniedem m (literally “son of Adam”), uman m
Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ (niyalma)
Mandar: tau
Māori: tangata (mi)
Mapudungun: che
Maranao: taw
Marathi: मानव m (mānav), माणूस m (māṇūs)
Mari:
Eastern Mari: айдеме (ajdeme), еҥ (jeŋ)
Maricopa: 'iipaa
Melanau:
Central Melanau: tenawan
Minangkabau: urang (min)
Mirandese: persona f, pessona f, houmano m
Miwok:
Southern Sierra Miwok: naŋŋaʔ
Mòcheno: mènsch n, mènsch m
Moksha: ломань (lomań)
Mon: please add this translation if you can
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: хүн (mn) (xün)

Mongolian script: ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ (kümün)
Murut:
Keningau Murut: ulun
Nahuatl:
Central Huasteca Nahuatl: tlakatl

Central Nahuatl: tlacatl

Classical Nahuatl: tlacatl
Nanai: най (naj)
Nandi: ap-chii
Navajo: diné, bílaʼashdlaʼii
Neapolitan: perzona f
Nepali: मानव (ne) (mānav), मान्छे (mānche)
Nivkh: нивх (ņivx)
Nogai: аьдем (ädem)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: menneske (no) n, mann (no) m

Nynorsk: menneske n
Odia: ମଣିଷ (or) (maṇiṣa)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: чловѣкъ m (člověkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ m (člověkŭ)
Old East Slavic: человѣкъ m (čelověkŭ)
Old English: mann m
Old Norse: maðr m
Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃 (k²is²i /⁠kiši⁠/)
Orok: нари (nari)
Ossetian: адӕймаг (adæjmag)
Pali:
Devanagari: नर m (nara)

Latin: nara m, manussa m

Thai: นะระ m (nara), มะนุสสะ m (manussa)
Pannonian Rusyn: чловек m (človek)
Papiamentu: hende
Pashto: انسان (ps) (insān), بشري (ps) m or f (bašari), آدم m (ādam)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: اِنْسان (ensân), آدَم (âdam), آدَمی (âdami), خاکْزاد (xâkzâd), مَرْدُم (mardom), بَشَر (bašar), ^{(please verify)} مَشْیِه (mašye), ^{(please verify)} دوپای (dopây)
Pipil: takat, tacat
Pitjantjatjara: wati
Plautdietsch: Mensch (nds) m
Polabian: clåvăk m
Polish: człowiek (pl) m pers, ludzie (pl) m pl (plural only), istota ludzka f
Portuguese: homem (pt) m
Punjabi: ਮਨੁੱਖ (manukkha)
Quechua: runa (qu)
Rapa Nui: tangata
Rohingya: manúic
Romagnol: òm m, òman m
Romani: manuś m
Romanian: om (ro) m
Romansh: uman m
Russian: челове́к (ru) m (čelovék), лю́ди (ru) m pl (ljúdi) (plural only)
Saho: labha
Samoan: tagata
Sanskrit: मनुष्य (sa) m (manuṣya), मानव (sa) m (mānava), नृ (sa) m (nṛ), नर (sa) m (nara), जन (sa) m (jana)
Sardinian: òmine m
Scots: bodie (genus Homo), human (Homo sapiens)
Scottish Gaelic: duine m
Seimat: tel
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: човек m, човјек m, чо̏вјек m, људи pl (plural only)

Latin: čovek (sh) m, čovjek (sh) m, ljudi (sh) pl (plural only)
Shan: ၵူၼ်း (shn) (kúun)
Sherpa: མི (mi)
Silesian: czowjek m
Sindhi: آدِمي (ādimī)
Sinhalese: මිනිසා (si) (minisā)
Slovak: človek (sk) m, ľudia (sk) m pl (plural only), ľudská bytosť f
Slovene: človek (sl) m anim, ljudje m pl
Somali: dad (so), aadame
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: cłowjek m, luź m

Upper Sorbian: čłowjek m
Spanish: hombre (es) m, humano (es) m, ser humano (es) m
Sranan Tongo: libisma
Sundanese: manusa (su)
Swahili: binadamu (sw)
Swedish: människa (sv) f, människa (sv) c, mänska (sv) c
Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠘꠥ (manu), ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ (manuś), ꠝꠣꠘ (man)
Tagalog: tao (tl)
Tai Nüa: ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön)
Tajik: инсон (tg) (inson), одам (tg) (odam), башар (bašar)
Tamil: மனிதன் (ta) (maṉitaṉ), மனிதர் (ta) (maṉitar)
Tarantino: omme m
Tashelhit: afgan m, bnadm m
Medieval Tashelhit: اَمْدَنْ m
Tatar: инсан (tt) (insan), кеше (tt) (keşe), адәм (tt) (adäm)
Tausug: tau
Telugu: మనిషి (te) (maniṣi), మగవాడు (te) (magavāḍu)
Thai: มนุษย์ (th) (má-nút), คน (th) (kon)
Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ
Tibetan: འགྲོ་བ་མི ('gro ba mi), མི (mi), སྐྱེ་བོ (skye bo)
Tocharian B: śaumo
Tok Pisin: man
Tongan: tangata
Tooro: omuntu class 1
Turkish: insan (tr), kişi (tr), adam (tr), beşer (tr) (archaic)
Old Anatolian Turkish: كشی (gişi), آدم (ādäm)

Ottoman Turkish: انسان (insan), كیشی (kişi), آدم (adam), بشر (beşer)
Turkmen: ynsan, ynsaan, adam (tk), kişi
Tuvaluan: tagata
Udmurt: адями (aďami), мурт (murt)
Ukrainian: люди́на (uk) f (ljudýna), лю́ди (uk) pl (ljúdy) (plural), чолові́к (uk) m (čolovík) (now usually means "man", "male human")
Urdu: اِنْسان (ur) m (insān), آدْمی (ur) m (ādmī), مَنُشیَہ m (manuśya)
Uyghur: ئىنسان (insan), ئادەم (ug) (adem)
Uzbek: inson (uz), odam (uz), kishi (uz), bashar (uz)
Venetan: òm (vec) m, òmo (vec) m
Veps: ristit
Vietnamese: người (vi), con người (vi), loài người (vi)
Vilamovian: menś m
Volapük: men (vo)
Votic: inimin
Vurës: atm̄ēn
Wallisian: tagata
Walloon: djin (wa) m, ome (wa) m (not recommended)
Wauja: enoja
Welsh: dyn (cy) m
Winnebago: wąk
Wolof: nit (wo)
Xhosa: umntu
Yakut: киһи (kihi)
Yiddish: מענטש m (mentsh), מענטשנקינד n (mentshnkind)
Yoruba: ènìyàn
Yucatec Maya: wíinik
Zazaki: insan (diq), merdım (diq)
Zealandic: mense m
Zhuang: vunz
Zou: mi
Zulu: umuntu (zu) class 1/2
Zuojiang Zhuang: koenz

Verb

human (third-person singular simple present humans, present participle humaning or (rare) humanning, simple past and past participle humaned or (rare) humanned)

(rare) To behave as or become, or to cause to behave as or become, a human.
Synonym: humanize
- 1911, Ambrose Bierce, “Music”, in The collected works of Ambrose Bierce, volume 9, page 362:
  […] he sought to charm a single pair of ears, and those more hairy than critical. Later, as the race went on humaning, there grew complexity of sentiment and varying emotional needs, […]
- 2013, Biosocial Becomings, →ISBN, page 19:
  There are, then, many ways of humaning: these are the ways along which we make ourselves and, collaboratively, one another.

Derived terms

English terms starting with “human”

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “human” in Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,, K Dictionaries Ltd.; Random House, Inc., 2010; reproduced on TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026.
^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “human”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mannan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 353-4

Anagrams

Nahum

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: hu‧man

Verb

human (Badlit spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

to finish

Adjective

human (Badlit spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

completed; done

Adverb

human (Badlit spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

after

Danish

Adjective

human

human (having the nature or attributes of a human being)
Synonym: menneskelig
humane (something done from love to humanity)

Inflection

Inflection of *human*
	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	human	—	—²
indefinite neuter singular	humant	—	—²
plural	humane	—	—²
definite attributive¹	humane	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

German

German Wikipedia has an article on:

human

Wikipedia ^de

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /huˈmaːn/
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Rhymes: -aːn

Adjective

human (strong nominative masculine singular humaner, comparative humaner, superlative am humansten)

humane
Synonym: menschlich

Declension

Positive forms of *human*
number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist human	sie ist human	es ist human	sie sind human
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humaner	humane	humanes	humane
	genitive	humanen	humaner	humanen	humaner
	dative	humanem	humaner	humanem	humanen
	accusative	humanen	humane	humanes	humane
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humane	die humane	das humane	die humanen
	genitive	des humanen	der humanen	des humanen	der humanen
	dative	dem humanen	der humanen	dem humanen	den humanen
	accusative	den humanen	die humane	das humane	die humanen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humaner	eine humane	ein humanes	(keine) humanen
	genitive	eines humanen	einer humanen	eines humanen	(keiner) humanen
	dative	einem humanen	einer humanen	einem humanen	(keinen) humanen
	accusative	einen humanen	eine humane	ein humanes	(keine) humanen

Comparative forms of *human*
number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist humaner	sie ist humaner	es ist humaner	sie sind humaner
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humanerer	humanere	humaneres	humanere
	genitive	humaneren	humanerer	humaneren	humanerer
	dative	humanerem	humanerer	humanerem	humaneren
	accusative	humaneren	humanere	humaneres	humanere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humanere	die humanere	das humanere	die humaneren
	genitive	des humaneren	der humaneren	des humaneren	der humaneren
	dative	dem humaneren	der humaneren	dem humaneren	den humaneren
	accusative	den humaneren	die humanere	das humanere	die humaneren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humanerer	eine humanere	ein humaneres	(keine) humaneren
	genitive	eines humaneren	einer humaneren	eines humaneren	(keiner) humaneren
	dative	einem humaneren	einer humaneren	einem humaneren	(keinen) humaneren
	accusative	einen humaneren	eine humanere	ein humaneres	(keine) humaneren

Superlative forms of *human*
number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist am humansten	sie ist am humansten	es ist am humansten	sie sind am humansten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humanster	humanste	humanstes	humanste
	genitive	humansten	humanster	humansten	humanster
	dative	humanstem	humanster	humanstem	humansten
	accusative	humansten	humanste	humanstes	humanste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humanste	die humanste	das humanste	die humansten
	genitive	des humansten	der humansten	des humansten	der humansten
	dative	dem humansten	der humansten	dem humansten	den humansten
	accusative	den humansten	die humanste	das humanste	die humansten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humanster	eine humanste	ein humanstes	(keine) humansten
	genitive	eines humansten	einer humansten	eines humansten	(keiner) humansten
	dative	einem humansten	einer humansten	einem humansten	(keinen) humansten
	accusative	einen humansten	eine humanste	ein humanstes	(keine) humansten

Related terms

Hiligaynon

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /huˈman/ [huˈman]

Adjective

humán

completed; finished; accomplished

Verb

humán

to complete; to finish; to accomplish

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch humaan (“humane”), from Latin hūmānus (“humane”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈhuman/ [ˈhu.man]
Rhymes: -uman
Syllabification: hu‧man

Adjective

human (comparative lebih human, superlative paling human)

humane
Synonyms: manusiawi, berperikemanusiaan

Related terms

Interlingua

Adjective

human (comparative plus human, superlative le plus human)

human
humane

Derived terms

esser human

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈhuman/

Verb

human

first-person singular present indicative of hupmat (“speak, talk”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human (neuter singular humant, definite singular and plural humane)

humane

References

“human” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human (neuter singular humant, definite singular and plural humane)

humane

References

“human” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romansh

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human m (feminine singular humana, masculine plural humans, feminine plural humanas)

(Sursilvan) human

Alternative forms

uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader)
umaun (Puter)

Noun

human m (plural humans; feminine humana, plural humanas)

(Sursilvan) (male) human being
Synonym: carstgaun

Alternative forms

uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran, Vallader)
umaun (Puter)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xûmaːn/
Hyphenation: hu‧man

Adjective

hȕmān (Cyrillic spelling ху̏ма̄н, definite hȕmānī, comparative humaniji)

humane (with regard for the health and well-being of another; compassionate)

Declension

positive indefinite forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		human	humana	humano
genitive		humana	humane	humana
dative		humanu	humanoj	humanu
accusative	inanimate animate	human humana	humanu	humano
vocative		human	humana	humano
locative		humanu	humanoj	humanu
instrumental		humanim	humanom	humanim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humane	humana
genitive		humanih	humanih	humanih
dative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
accusative		humane	humane	humana
vocative		humani	humane	humana
locative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
instrumental		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)

positive definite forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humana	humano
genitive		humanog(a)	humane	humanog(a)
dative		humanom(u/e)	humanoj	humanom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	humani humanog(a)	humanu	humano
vocative		humani	humana	humano
locative		humanom(e/u)	humanoj	humanom(e/u)
instrumental		humanim	humanom	humanim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humane	humana
genitive		humanih	humanih	humanih
dative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
accusative		humane	humane	humana
vocative		humani	humane	humana
locative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
instrumental		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)

comparative forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humaniji	humanija	humanije
genitive		humanijeg(a)	humanije	humanijeg(a)
dative		humanijem(u)	humanijoj	humanijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	humaniji humanijeg(a)	humaniju	humanije
vocative		humaniji	humanija	humanije
locative		humanijem(u)	humanijoj	humanijem(u)
instrumental		humanijim	humanijom	humanijim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humaniji	humanije	humanija
genitive		humanijih	humanijih	humanijih
dative		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)
accusative		humanije	humanije	humanija
vocative		humaniji	humanije	humanija
locative		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)
instrumental		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)

superlative forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najhumaniji	najhumanija	najhumanije
genitive		najhumanijeg(a)	najhumanije	najhumanijeg(a)
dative		najhumanijem(u)	najhumanijoj	najhumanijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najhumaniji najhumanijeg(a)	najhumaniju	najhumanije
vocative		najhumaniji	najhumanija	najhumanije
locative		najhumanijem(u)	najhumanijoj	najhumanijem(u)
instrumental		najhumanijim	najhumanijom	najhumanijim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najhumaniji	najhumanije	najhumanija
genitive		najhumanijih	najhumanijih	najhumanijih
dative		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)
accusative		najhumanije	najhumanije	najhumanija
vocative		najhumaniji	najhumanije	najhumanija
locative		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)
instrumental		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)

Spanish

Verb

human

third-person plural present indicative of humar

Swedish

Adjective

human

humane, decent, compassionate
Deras politik har kritiserats för att inte vara human.
Their politics have been criticised for being less than humane.
(of prices) reasonable
Det var ett humant pris.
That was a reasonable price.

Declension

Inflection of **human**
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	human	humanare	humanast
neuter singular	humant	humanare	humanast
plural	humana	humanare	humanast
masculine plural²	humane	humanare	humanast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	humane	humanare	humanaste
all	humana	humanare	humanaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “human” in Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,, K Dictionaries Ltd.; Random House, Inc., 2010; reproduced on TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026.

[2] Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “human”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mannan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 353-4

[1]

[2]

[3]

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Synonyms

Antonyms

Hypernyms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

Translations

Verb

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Danish

Adjective

Inflection

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Hiligaynon

Pronunciation

Adjective

Verb

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Related terms

Further reading

Interlingua

Adjective

Derived terms

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Verb

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Adjective

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Adjective

References

Romansh

Etymology

Adjective

Alternative forms

Noun

Alternative forms

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Spanish

Verb

Swedish

Adjective

Declension