Masu baƙar fata
| Iri | harkar zamantakewa |
|---|---|
Mata 'yan Afirka na Amurka sun fara tayar da hankali don haƙƙin siyasa a cikin shekarun 1830, inda suka kirkiro kungiyar Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, Philadelphia Female Anti'Slavery Association, da New York Female Anti. Wadannan kungiyoyin launin fata sun kasance maganganu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na manufofin siyasa na mata, kuma sun kai tsaye ga fafutukar kare hakkin zabe kafin da bayan yakin basasa. A cikin karni na 19, matan Afirka na Amurka kamar Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, da Frances Ellen Watkins Harper sun yi aiki a bangarori biyu a lokaci guda: tunatar da maza da mata na Afirka da fararen fata cewa matan baƙar fata suna buƙatar haƙƙin doka, musamman haƙƙin jefa kuri'a.[1]
Bayan yakin basasa, masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata ba su yarda da ko za su goyi bayan tabbatar da Kwaskwarima ta 15, wanda ya ba da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ba, amma wanda bai ba da 'yanci ga mata a bayyane. Sakamakon rabuwa a cikin ƙungiyar mata ya ware dukkan mata da mata na Afirka duk da haka sun ci gaba da gwagwarmayarsu. A cikin shekarun 1890, ƙungiyar mata ta zama mai nuna wariyar launin fata da warewa, kuma matan Afirka ta Amirka sun shirya daban ta hanyar kungiyoyin mata na gida da Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi ta Kasa.[2] Mata sun lashe kuri'un a jihohi da yawa a cikin shekarun 1910, kuma matan Afirka-Amurka sun zama ƙungiyar jefa kuri'a mai ƙarfi.[3]
Gwagwarmayar jefa kuri'a ba ta ƙare tare da tabbatar da Kwaskwarima ta goma sha tara a cikin 1920, [2] wanda ya fadada haƙƙin jefa kuri'u sosai, amma bai magance ta'addanci na launin fata wanda ya hana 'yan Afirka na Amurkawa yin zabe ba, ba tare da la'akari da jima'i ba. Mata kamar su Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, da Diane Nash sun ci gaba da gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin jefa kuri'a ga kowa, wanda ya ƙare a cikin Dokar 'Yancin Zabe ta 1965.
Asalin motsi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Asalin yunkurin mata suna da alaƙa da yunkurin Abolitionist. Mata masu fararen fata musamman sun fara bayyana nasu zalunci a cikin aure da kuma masu zaman kansu ta amfani da kwatancin bautar, kuma sun fara haɓaka fahimtar siyasa ta hanyar tattara don tallafawa abolitionism. Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, da Maria Weston Chapman sun kasance daga cikin mata masu adawa da abolitionists na farko.[4] Dalilin Abolitionist ya ba wa mata waɗanda a baya aka ɗaure su da matsayinsu a matsayin mata da uwaye damar kalubalanci jima'i a bainar jama'a da kuma koyon yadda za su shiga siyasa a matsayin masu gwagwarmaya, [4] kodayake ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Afirka ta kasance wata hanya daban ce ta zaɓen mata, kuma mutum na iya jayayya da wata ƙungiya daban gaba ɗaya. Abolitionists wadanda suka jagoranci Equal Rights Association kamar Elizabeth Cady Stanton da Susan B. Anthony suna da fararen ajanda.[5] Bayan yakin basasa ya bayyana cewa mata baƙar fata da fari suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da dalilin da ya sa haƙƙin jefa kuri'a ya zama dole. Ba kamar fararen sufragists ba, matan baƙar fata sun nemi kuri'a ga kansu da mazaunansu don karfafa al'ummomin baƙar fata da ke kewaye da mulkin ta'addanci wanda ya ɓarke bayan Emancipation a ƙarshen 1800s.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Bailey, Megan. "Between Two Worlds: Black Women and the Fight for Voting Rights". National Park Service. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- 1 2 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
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- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":22". - ↑ "For Stanton, All Women Were Not Created Equal". NPR. 13 July 2011.
- ↑ Staples, Brent (July 28, 2018). "How the Suffrage Movement Betrayed Black Women". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
