Phasis (birni)

Phasis (birni)
archaeological site (en) da polis (en)
Bayanai
Al'ada	Ancient Greece (en)
Ƙasa	Georgia
Wanda ya biyo bayanshi	Poti (en)
Gagarumin taron	Siege of Phasis (en)
Wuri
42°09′00″N 41°40′00″E

Wani sashi na taswirar 1907 na tsohuwar Caucasus da ke nuna yankin Colchis

Phasis (Girkanci na dā; Georgia_language" id="mwCw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Georgian language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Georgian) birni ne na dā da na farko a gabashin Tekun Baƙi, wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 7 ko 6 KZ a matsayin mulkin mallaka na Helenawa na Milesian a bakin kogin da ake kira a Colchis . Wurin da yake a yau na iya zama tashar jiragen ta Poti, Jojiya. Tsohon bishopric dinsa ya zama babban jami'in Katolika na Latin na matsayi na Metropolitan.

Magana

Sunayen tsoffin Phasis da Poti na zamani a bayyane suke da alaƙa da juna, amma Fasali shine batun jayayya na masana. "Phasis" an fara rubuta shi a cikin Theogony na Hesiod (c. 700 BC) a matsayin sunan kogin, ba gari ba. Dole ne a kafa mazaunin Girka na farko a nan ba da daɗewa ba fiye da ƙarshen 7th, kuma mai yiwuwa a farkon karni na 6 BC, kuma ya sami sunansa daga kogi.

Tun lokacin da Erich Diehl, a cikin 1938, ya fara ba da shawarar asalin sunan da ba na Helenanci ba kuma cewa Phasis na iya kasancewa mai samo asali ne daga sunan gida, an ba da bayani da yawa, suna danganta sunan da Harshen Proto-Georgian-Zan *Poti, Svan, **Fasida, har ma da kalmar Semitic, ma da "kogi na zinariya". Amfani da ethnonym Φασια Greece (Fasians) an tabbatar da shi a cikin Xenophon da Heraclides Lembus.

Sunan Phasis shine asalin kalmar pheasant .

Tarihi

Phasis ya bayyana a cikin kafofin da yawa na gargajiya da na farko da kuma tarihin Girka, musamman ma sake zagayowar Argonautic. Heraclides, Pomponius Mela da Stephanus na Byzantium sun ba da rahoton cewa Milesians ne suka kafa Phasis. Ana kiran Phasis a matsayin polis Hellenis a cikin Periplus na Pseudo-Scylax kuma Hippocrates ya kira shi emporion, "wurin kasuwanci". A cewar kafofin gargajiya, Phasis yana da kundin tsarin mulkinsa, gami da tarin Aristotelian na 158 politeiai.

Phasis mai yiwuwa birni ne na Hellenic-"barbarians", inda mazauna Girka suka kasance tare da 'yan asalin. Da alama ya kasance muhimmin bangare na hanyar kasuwanci da ake zaton daga Indiya zuwa Tekun Baƙi, wanda marubutan gargajiya Strabo da Pliny suka tabbatar.

A lokacin Yaƙin Mithridatic na Uku, Phasis ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Roman. A nan ne babban kwamandan Romawa Pompey, bayan ya haye zuwa Colchis daga Iberia, ya sadu da wakilin Servilius, admiral na rundunarsa ta Euxine a 65 BC.

A lokacin Yaƙin Lazic tsakanin daular Romawa ta Gabas da Sassanid ta Iran (542-562), sojojin Farisa sun kewaye garin, amma sun kasa karbe shi. Bayan gabatar da Kiristanci, Phasis ya kasance shugaban diocese na Girka daya daga cikin bishops dinsa, Cyrus, ya zama Shugaban Ikklisiya na Iskandariya tsakanin AD 630 da 641 .

Neman Fasaha

Duk da alamun da yawa game da wurin Phasis a cikin tushe, ba a gano ainihin wurin ba. Binciken garin yana da dogon tarihi, wanda ya fara da matafiyi na Faransa Jean Chardin, wanda ya ziyarci Georgia a cikin shekarun 1670 kuma bai yi nasara ba don neman shaidar polis na Girka na dā a bakin kogin Phasis (Rioni). Ƙoƙarin farko na gano kimiyya, bisa ga nazarin marubutan gargajiya da Byzantine da aikinsa na filin, na masanin Switzerland Frédéric Dubois na Montpéreux ne, wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa yankin tsakanin 1831 da 1834.

Babban ƙaddamarwar Dubois - wanda masanan zamani suka raba - shine, saboda canje-canjen geomorphologic na wannan yanki, ya kamata a nemi Phasis a gabashin Poti na zamani, kuma cewa tsohon birni ya kasance a lokuta daban-daban a wurare daban-daban. Bayan Dubois, yawancin malamai sun gano sansanin da masanin Girka na dā Arrian ya bayyana tare da rushewar da mazauna yankin suka kira Najikhuri, a zahiri ma'ana "wurin tsohon sansanin". An yi amfani da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka ambata. Koyaya, a lokacin da malaman Georgia Otar Lordkipanidze da Teimuraz Mikeladze suka fara cikakken nazarin ilimin kimiyyar archaeological na yankin a farkon shekarun 1960, hukumomin Soviet sun riga sun rushe waɗannan rushewar yayin gina filin jirgin sama tsakanin 1959 da 1960. [1]