Tsarin ƙasa

Tsarin ƙasa shine tsari na halitta daban kuma sau da yawa mai daidaituwa na siffofi na geometric wanda aka samar ta hanyar nakasar kayan ƙasa a yankunan periglacial . Yawanci ana samunsa a yankuna masu nisa na Arctic, Antarctica, da Outback a Ostiraliya, amma ana samunsa a duk inda daskarewa da narkewar ƙasa ke canzawa; an kuma lura da ƙasa mai tsari a cikin Hamadar Atacama mai tsananin bushewa da kuma a duniyar Mars . ^[2] ^[3] Siffofin siffofi da alamu da ke da alaƙa da ƙasa mai tsari galibi ana kuskuren ɗauka su a matsayin halittun fasaha na ɗan adam. Tsarin samar da ƙasa mai tsari ya daɗe yana rikitar da masana kimiyya, amma gabatar da samfuran ƙasa da kwamfuta ta samar a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata ya bai wa masana kimiyya damar danganta shi da yawan dusar ƙanƙara, faɗaɗawar da ke faruwa lokacin da ƙasa mai danshi, mai laushi, da kuma ramuka suka daskare.

Nau'o'i

Ana iya samun ƙasa mai tsari a cikin nau'i daban-daban. Yawanci, nau'in ƙasa mai tsari a wani yanki yana da alaƙa da yawan manyan duwatsu a cikin ƙasa ta gida da kuma yawan zagayowar daskarewa da narkewa. ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8]

Polygons

Polygons na iya samuwa ko dai a yankunan permafrost (a matsayin ƙananan kankara ) ko kuma a yankunan da sanyi ke shafar. Duwatsun da ke samar da waɗannan zoben dutse masu tsayi yawanci suna raguwa a girma da zurfi. ^[9]

Manazarta

↑ Grab, Stefan W.; Gatebe, Charles K.; Kinyua, Antony M. (2004). "Ground Thermal Profiles from Mount Kenya, East Africa". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 86 (2): 131–141. Bibcode:2004GeAnA..86..131G. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00219.x. ISSN 0435-3676. JSTOR 3566103. S2CID 129324724.
1 2 Sager, Christof; Airo, Alessandro; Arens, Felix L.; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk (2021-01-15). "New type of sand wedge polygons in the salt cemented soils of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert". Geomorphology (in Turanci). 373. Bibcode:2021Geomo.37307481S. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107481. ISSN 0169-555X.
↑ "Southern Hemisphere Polygonal Patterned Ground". Mars Global Surveyor: Mars Orbiter Camera. Malin Space Science Systems. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
↑ "Patterned Ground". Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
↑ Ballantyne, C.K. (1986). "Non-sorted patterned ground on mountains in the Northern Highlands of Scotland". Biuletyn Peryglacjalny. 30: 15–34.
↑ Ólafur, Ingólfsson (2006). "Glacial Geology Photos". Retrieved March 4, 2007.
↑ Kessler M.A.; Werner B.T. (January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–3. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Marchant, D.R.; Lewis, A.R.; Phillips, W.M.; Moore, E.J.; Souchez, R.A.; Denton, G.H.; Sugden, D.E.; Potter Jr., N.; Landis, G.P. (2002). "Formation of Patterned Ground and Sublimation Till over Miocene Glacier Ice in Beacon Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 114 (6): 718–730. Bibcode:2002GSAB..114..718M. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0718:fopgas>2.0.co;2.
↑ Trevor-Battye, Aubyn (1921). "A Theory of the Origin of Surface-Polygons in Polar Lands". The Geographical Journal. 58 (4): 306–309. Bibcode:1921GeogJ..58..306T. doi:10.2307/1781041. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1781041.

[:0-1] Grab, Stefan W.; Gatebe, Charles K.; Kinyua, Antony M. (2004). "Ground Thermal Profiles from Mount Kenya, East Africa". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 86 (2): 131–141. Bibcode:2004GeAnA..86..131G. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00219.x. ISSN 0435-3676. JSTOR 3566103. S2CID 129324724.

[ReferenceA-2] 1 2 Sager, Christof; Airo, Alessandro; Arens, Felix L.; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk (2021-01-15). "New type of sand wedge polygons in the salt cemented soils of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert". Geomorphology (in Turanci). 373. Bibcode:2021Geomo.37307481S. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107481. ISSN 0169-555X.

[3] "Southern Hemisphere Polygonal Patterned Ground". Mars Global Surveyor: Mars Orbiter Camera. Malin Space Science Systems. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2013.

[Cairngorms-4] "Patterned Ground". Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2016.

[Ballantyne1986-5] Ballantyne, C.K. (1986). "Non-sorted patterned ground on mountains in the Northern Highlands of Scotland". Biuletyn Peryglacjalny. 30: 15–34.

[6] Ólafur, Ingólfsson (2006). "Glacial Geology Photos". Retrieved March 4, 2007.

[Kessler-7] Kessler M.A.; Werner B.T. (January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–3. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Marchant, D.R.; Lewis, A.R.; Phillips, W.M.; Moore, E.J.; Souchez, R.A.; Denton, G.H.; Sugden, D.E.; Potter Jr., N.; Landis, G.P. (2002). "Formation of Patterned Ground and Sublimation Till over Miocene Glacier Ice in Beacon Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 114 (6): 718–730. Bibcode:2002GSAB..114..718M. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0718:fopgas>2.0.co;2.

[9] Trevor-Battye, Aubyn (1921). "A Theory of the Origin of Surface-Polygons in Polar Lands". The Geographical Journal. 58 (4): 306–309. Bibcode:1921GeogJ..58..306T. doi:10.2307/1781041. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1781041.

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