Operasi Nordwind

Operasi Nordwind
	Bagian dari Front Barat dari Perang Dunia II
Tanggal	31 Desember 1944 – 25 Januari 1945
Lokasi	Alsace dan Lorraine, Prancis dam Rhineland-Palatinate, Jerman
Hasil	Operasi Jerman gagal
Pihak yang terlibat
Amerika Serikat; Prancis;	Jerman Nazi
Pemimpin atau tokoh terkemuka
Jacob L. Devers; Alexander Patch; Jean de Lattre de Tassigny;	Johannes Blaskowitz; Hans von Obstfelder; Heinrich Himmler; Siegfried Rasp;
Pasukan yang terlibat
Angkatan Darat ketujuh VI Corps 42nd Infantry Division ; 45th Infantry Division ; 70th Infantry Division ; 79th Infantry Division ; XV Corps 103rd Infantry Division ; 44th Infantry Division ; 100th Infantry Division ; 63rd Infantry Division ; XXI Corps 36th Infantry Division ; 12th Armored Division ; 14th Armored Division ; First Army I Corps 1st Infantry Division ; 2nd Armored Division ; 3rd Algerian Division ; II Corps 1st Armored Division ; 1st Colonial Division ; 3rd Moroccan Division ; 4th Moroccan Division ; 5th Armored Division ; 10th Infantry Division ;	1st Army 25th Panzergrenadier Division ; 21st Panzer Division ; 6th SS Mountain Division ; XIII SS Corps 19th Volksgrenadier Division ; 36th Volksgrenadier Division ; 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division ; XC Corps 559th Volksgrenadier Division ; 257th Volksgrenadier Division ; LXXXIX Corps 361st Volksgrenadier Division ; 245th Infantry Division ; 256th Volksgrenadier Division ; 19th Army 10th SS Panzer Division ; LXIV Corps 189th Infantry Division ; 198th Infantry Division ; 708th Volksgrenadier Division ; LXIII Corps 159th Infantry Division ; 716th Infantry Division ; 269th Infantry Division ;
Kekuatan
295,000 men; 230,000 men;	Tidak diketahui
Korban jiwa dan kerugian
Amerika Serikat:; 9,268-11,609 terbunuh dan menghilang; France:; 2,000	22,932

Operasi Nordwind (Jerman: Unternehmen Nordwind) adalah operasi ofensif terakhir Jerman di Front Barat Perang Dunia II. Operasi Ini dimulai pada 31 Desember 1944 di Rhineland-Palatinate, Alsace dan Lorraine di barat daya Jerman dan timur laut Prancis, dan kemudian berakhir pada 25 Januari 1945.

Referensi

1 2 3 Cirillo 2003, Retrieved 16 August 2018
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "Riviera"
1 2 Zabecki, David T. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. ABC-CLIO. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

↑ As elsewhere, casualty figures are only rough estimates, and the figures presented are based on the postwar "Seventh Army Operational Report, Alsace Campaign and Battle Participation, 1 June 1945" (copy CMH), which notes 11,609 Seventh Army battle casualties for the period, plus 2,836 cases of trench foot and 380 cases of frostbite, and estimates about 17,000 Germans killed or wounded with 5,985 processed prisoners of war. But the VI Corps AAR for January 1945 puts its total losses at 14,716 (773 killed, 4,838 wounded, 3,657 missing, and 5,448 nonbattle casualties); and Albert E. Cowdrey and Graham A. Cosmas, "The Medical Department: The War Against Germany," draft CMH MS (1988), pp. 54-55, a forthcoming volume in the United States Army in World War II series, reports Seventh Army hospitals processing about 9,000 wounded and 17,000 "sick and injured" during the period. Many of these, however, may have been returned to their units, and others may have come from American units operating in the Colmar area but still supported by Seventh Army medical services. Von Luttichau's "German Operations," ch. 29, pp. 39-40, puts German losses at 22,932.

Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tanda <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "lower-alpha", tapi tidak ditemukan tanda <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berkaitan

[Cirillo_2003-1] 1 2 3 Cirillo 2003, Retrieved 16 August 2018

[Riviera-2] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "Riviera"

[Zabecki-4] 1 2 Zabecki, David T. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. ABC-CLIO. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

[3] As elsewhere, casualty figures are only rough estimates, and the figures presented are based on the postwar "Seventh Army Operational Report, Alsace Campaign and Battle Participation, 1 June 1945" (copy CMH), which notes 11,609 Seventh Army battle casualties for the period, plus 2,836 cases of trench foot and 380 cases of frostbite, and estimates about 17,000 Germans killed or wounded with 5,985 processed prisoners of war. But the VI Corps AAR for January 1945 puts its total losses at 14,716 (773 killed, 4,838 wounded, 3,657 missing, and 5,448 nonbattle casualties); and Albert E. Cowdrey and Graham A. Cosmas, "The Medical Department: The War Against Germany," draft CMH MS (1988), pp. 54-55, a forthcoming volume in the United States Army in World War II series, reports Seventh Army hospitals processing about 9,000 wounded and 17,000 "sick and injured" during the period. Many of these, however, may have been returned to their units, and others may have come from American units operating in the Colmar area but still supported by Seventh Army medical services. Von Luttichau's "German Operations," ch. 29, pp. 39-40, puts German losses at 22,932.

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