{"id":296,"date":"2017-06-07T17:33:11","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T14:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/?p=296"},"modified":"2017-06-07T17:33:11","modified_gmt":"2017-06-07T14:33:11","slug":"sultan-orhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/sultan-orhan\/","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u00e2n Orhan"},"content":{"rendered":"
Orhan Bey, 1281 (veya 1288) de S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Daha \u00f6nce de ifade etti\u011fimiz gibi, annesi Mal H\u00e2tun Osman Bey\u2019in ilk han\u0131m\u0131 ve Sel\u00e7uklu Vezirlerinden \u00d6mer Abd\u00fclaziz Bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan Sult\u00e2n, H\u00e2n, Seyf\u00fcddin ve \u015e\u00fcc\u00e2\u2019uddin gibi \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 ilk olarak hakk\u0131yla elde eden ve kullanan zatt\u0131r. 1324 y\u0131l\u0131nda 36 veya 43 ya\u015f\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin uc beyi oldu. Asker\u00ee bir deha olan Orhan Bey, k\u0131sa zamanda \u015f\u00f6hretini d\u00fcnyaya duyurmas\u0131n\u0131, ilmiyeden gelen vezir Hac\u0131 Kem\u00e2l\u00fcddin o\u011flu Al\u00e2\u2019addin Pa\u015fa, karde\u015fi ve veziri Al\u00e2\u2019addin Pa\u015fa, yine ilmiyeden gelen Molla T\u00e2ceddin K\u00fcrd\u00ee ve Vezir Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, vezir Lala \u015eahin Pa\u015fa ve de \u00f6nce Bilecik sonra da Bursa Kad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen \u00c7andarl\u0131 Kara Halil gibi devlet adamlar\u0131 ile me\u015fveret etmesine ve onlar\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerinden yararlanmas\u0131na bor\u00e7ludur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Orhan Bey, K\u00f6se Mihal, Turgut Alp, \u015eeyh Mahm\u00fbd, G\u00e2z\u00ee Mihal Bey ve Ahi Hasan gibi kahramanlar\u0131n gayretiyle, senelerdir \u00e7evreden ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bursa\u2019y\u0131 6 Nisan 1326 tarihinde fethetmi\u015f ve Bey Sanca\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla o\u011flu Murad\u2019a vermi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n merkezi Yeni\u015fehir de\u011fil Bursa\u2019d\u0131r. Bu hadiseden sonra, 1327 senesinde Bursa Kad\u0131s\u0131 Cendereli (\u00c7andarl\u0131) Kara Halil ve vezir Al\u00e2\u2019addin\u2019in tavsiyeleri ile saltanat\u0131n en \u00f6nemli al\u00e2meti olan ilk Osmanl\u0131 ak\u00e7esini (son zamanlarda Osman Bey\u2019e ait bir sikke de bulundu\u011fundan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f nakz olunmu\u015ftur) yani sikkesini bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk darbhane de Bursa\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131na do\u011fru ilerledi\u011fini g\u00f6ren Bizansl\u0131lar, Dar\u0131ca ile Eskihisar aras\u0131nda bir yer olan Pelekanon\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve Osmanl\u0131lar \u0130mparatoru yaralad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, 1329 veya nih\u00e2\u00ee olarak 1331\u2019de \u0130znik\u2019i fethetmi\u015flerdir. \u0130znik, Bizans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kuds\u00ee bir de\u011fere haizdi ve bunun fark\u0131nda olan Orhan Bey, buradaki Ayasofya isimli Kiliseyi camiye \u00e7evirdi ve burada Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ilk \u00dcniversitesini kurarak ba\u015f\u0131na da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2lim Kayserili Molla Davud\u2019u tayin etti. \u0130znik\u2019i kurtarmak i\u00e7in h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7en Bizans \u0130mparatorunu, ka\u00e7maya mahkum eden Orhan Bey, b\u00f6ylece 1335\u2019e do\u011fru b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde ve Avrupa\u2019da Sult\u00e2n \u00fcnvan\u0131yla an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131; sonra da sulh yolunu tercih etti. Bu arada Bizans \u0130mparatorunun k\u0131z\u0131 Prenses Theodora ile evlendi.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Bizans ile sulh yapan Sult\u00e2n Orhan, bu sefer Anadolu fetihlerine y\u00f6neldi ve 1345\u2019e do\u011fru ilk olarak bir Anadolu Beyli\u011fini yani Bal\u0131kesir merkezli Karesi Beyli\u011fini Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ilhak etti ve Anadolu\u2019da 1354 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019ya kadar ilerledi ve oray\u0131 fethetti. G\u00fcneyde \u00c7andarl\u0131 K\u00f6rfezine dayanan Osmanl\u0131lar, Marmara Denizinin g\u00fcneyindeki son topraklar\u0131 da Bizans\u2019\u0131n elinden ald\u0131; \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin eline ge\u00e7ti. Candaro\u011fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Ulu\u011f Beyo\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
Kay\u0131npederi olan Bizans \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun kendisine sald\u0131ran Slavlar ve Bulgarlara kar\u015f\u0131 Orhan Bey\u2019den yard\u0131m istemesi \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, evvela 3 \u015eubat 1347 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a girdi. Sonra d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m ordusunun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc G\u00e2z\u00ee Umur Bey\u2019dir. 1347\u2019de S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa, \u0130mroz\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kartma yapmak istedi, ancak p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc. 1349 y\u0131l\u0131nda yard\u0131m i\u00e7in Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7ti, Selanik\u2019e kadar geldi ve \u015fehri slavlardan kurtararak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1353 tarihinde, bu yard\u0131ma minnettar olan \u0130mparator, Gelibolu yar\u0131m adas\u0131nda, \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7impe kalesini Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7erken kolayl\u0131k olsun diye S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019ya hediye etti. Daha \u00f6nceki ge\u00e7i\u015flerden farkl\u0131 olarak, art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, Rumeli\u2019nde hukuken ve fiilen var olmu\u015flard\u0131. T\u00fcrk tarihinin \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131ndan olan Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7i\u015fin kahraman\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa, L\u00fcleburgaz ve \u00c7orlu\u2019yu da fethettikten sonra, 1357 y\u0131l\u0131nda at\u0131n\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00e7mesi sonucunda d\u00fc\u015ferek vefat etti. Rumeli fetihlerini onun yerine \u015eehz\u00e2de Mur\u00e2d devam ettirdiyse de, bu ac\u0131ya dayanamayan 81 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Sult\u00e2n Orhan, 1362 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru vefat etti.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Orhan Bey, kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re hayat\u0131 boyunca 4 han\u0131mla evlendi. Bunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda han\u0131mlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemelidir. Bu han\u0131mlar\u0131 ve bunlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015funlard\u0131r: 1) Nil\u00fcfer H\u00e2tun (Holofira): Yarhisar Tekfu\u2019runun k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup Nil\u00fcfer ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa, I. Murad ve \u015eehz\u00e2de Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n annesidir. 2) Aspor\u00e7a H\u00e2tun: Bizans \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r; \u015eehz\u00e2de \u0130brahim ve Fatma Sult\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n annesidir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. 3) Theodora H\u00e2tun: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve evlili\u011fin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u015eehz\u00e2de Halil\u2019in annesidir. 4) Eftandise H\u00e2tun: Mahm\u00fbd Alp\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Sult\u00e2n Orhan zaman\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck ilim adamlar\u0131 ve maneviy\u00e2t reisleri aras\u0131nda, \u0130znik\u2019deki ilk y\u00fcksek tahsil m\u00fcessesesinin m\u00fcderrisi Davud-\u0131 Kayser\u00ee, sonradan onun halefi olan ve yaya ile m\u00fcsellemin te\u015fkilinde fikir veren Al\u00e2\u2019addin Esved veya Kara Hoca, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ilk Bursa Kad\u0131s\u0131 ve Kazaskeri \u00c7andarl\u0131 Kara Halil, Hasan-\u0131 Kayser\u00ee ve maneviy\u00e2t reislerinden ise, Seyyid Ahmed-i Keb\u00eer-i Ruf\u00e2\u2019\u00ee, Karaca Ahmed, Ahi Evran ve Musa Abdal ba\u015fta gelen simalardand\u0131r .[1]<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
[1]\u00a0 “Ne\u015fr\u00ee” , Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Cih\u00e2nn\u00fcm\u00e2, c. I, 147-191; “\u0130bn-i Kemal” , Tev\u00e2rih-i \u00c2l-i Osman, I. Defter, sh. 195-196; \u0130bn-i Kemal, Tev\u00e2rih-i \u00c2l-i Osman, II. Defter, (ne\u015fr. \u015eerafettin Turan), “Ankara”\u00a0 1991, sh. 198-208; \u00c2l\u00ee, K\u00fcnh\u2019\u00fcl-Ahb\u00e2r, c. V, sh. 40-65; Ahmed U\u011fur ne\u015fri, sh. 67-108;\u00a0 “L\u00fctfi Pa\u015fa” , Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh-i \u00c2l-i Osman, sh. 27-31; Kantemir, c. I, sh. 73-86; “Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131” , Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, c. I, sh. 117-162; \u00d6ztuna, Devletler ve H\u00e2ned\u00e2nlar, c. II, sh. 103-105; Aksun, Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, sh. 36-50; G\u00f6kbilgin, M. Tayyib, \u201cOrhan\u201d, \u0130A; Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, \u201cG\u00e2z\u00ee Orhan Bey\u2019in H\u00fck\u00fcmdar Oldu\u011fu Tarih ve \u0130lk Sikkesi\u201d, Belleten, c. IX, say\u0131 34(1945), sh. 207-211; M\u0131rm\u0131ro\u011flu, VL., \u201cOrhan Bey ile Bizans\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130mparatoru III. Andronikos Aras\u0131ndaki Pelekano Muharebesi\u201d, Belleten, c. XIII, say\u0131 50(1949), sh. 309-321.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Orhan Bey, 1281 (veya 1288) de S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Daha \u00f6nce de ifade etti\u011fimiz gibi, annesi Mal H\u00e2tun Osman Bey\u2019in ilk han\u0131m\u0131 ve Sel\u00e7uklu Vezirlerinden \u00d6mer Abd\u00fclaziz Bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan Sult\u00e2n, H\u00e2n, Seyf\u00fcddin ve \u015e\u00fcc\u00e2\u2019uddin gibi \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 ilk olarak hakk\u0131yla elde eden ve kullanan zatt\u0131r. 1324 y\u0131l\u0131nda 36 veya\u2026<\/p>\n

Okumaya Devam Et<\/span><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osmanli-sultanlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=296"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":297,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions\/297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}