{"id":307,"date":"2017-06-08T10:27:27","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T07:27:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/?p=307"},"modified":"2017-06-08T10:27:27","modified_gmt":"2017-06-08T07:27:27","slug":"sultan-ii-murad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/sultan-ii-murad\/","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u00e2n II. Mur\u00e2d"},"content":{"rendered":"
Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin Osman Bey\u2019den sonra ikinci kurucu dedikleri Sult\u00e2n II. Mur\u00e2d, 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dulkadiro\u011flu Emine H\u00e2tun\u2019dan Amasya\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 1421 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan 41 g\u00fcn sonra gelip Edirne\u2019de tahta oturur oturmaz, Limni\u2019de g\u00f6z hapsinde bulunan amcas\u0131 D\u00fczmece Mustafa, Bizans \u0130mparatoru taraf\u0131ndan serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Mustafa \u00c7elebi, Edirne\u2019ye gelerek padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve bununla da kalmayarak ordusuyla Bursa\u2019daki II. Murad\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. 1422\u2019de Sult\u00e2n Murad\u2019a ma\u011flup olan amca Mustafa, d\u00fczmece oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla idam edildi. Asl\u0131nda d\u00fczmece olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha evvel ifade etmi\u015ftik. Bizans\u2019\u0131n ihanetini g\u00f6ren Sult\u00e2n Murad, hemen 30.000 askerle \u0130stanbul\u2019u ku\u015fatt\u0131. Maddi sebepler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan teslim almay\u0131 \u00fcmit ederken, 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130znik\u2019de Bizans\u0131n tahrikiyle saltanat ilan etti\u011fini duydu ve hemen ona y\u00f6neldi. Bu arada f\u0131rsat\u0131 ganimet bilerek Osmanl\u0131ya problem \u00e7\u0131karan Anadolu beyliklerinin de \u00fczerine gitti ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla Ayd\u0131n, Teke, Mente\u015fe ve Germiy\u00e2n O\u011fullar\u0131 beyliklerini tarihten silerek tamamen Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ilhak etti.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Sult\u00e2n Murad\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 devam ederken Macarlar ve S\u0131rplar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni rahats\u0131z ediyorlard\u0131. 1425\u2019de Venedik ile sulh yapan Sult\u00e2n Murad, 1426\u2019da Macar ordusunu bozdu ve fetihlere devam etti. Bu zaferler devam ederken, en \u00f6nemlisi \u0130zladi mevkiindeki 1443 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yenilgi olmak \u00fczere, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu H\u0131ristiyan kuvvetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir ka\u00e7 defa ma\u011flup duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bunun \u00fczerine Sult\u00e2n Mur\u00e2d, Macaristan\u2019la Segedin Andla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalamak durumunda kald\u0131 (1444). Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin de manevi deste\u011fi al\u0131narak Karamano\u011flu II. \u0130brahim Bey ile de sulh andla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/div>\n
40 ya\u015f\u0131na gelen ve ger\u00e7ekten de y\u0131pranan II. Murad, 1444 A\u011fustos\u2019unda o\u011flu Mehmed\u2019i tahta ge\u00e7irerek, kendisi ibadet ve taatle me\u015fgul olmak \u00fczere Manisa\u2019ya \u00e7ekildi ve F\u00e2tih Sult\u00e2n Mehmed birinci defa Osmanl\u0131 Sult\u00e2n\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Hem Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun yenilgisinden ve hem de F\u00e2tih\u2019in 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir gen\u00e7 Padi\u015fah olmas\u0131ndan heveslenen Papa, yeni bir ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi i\u00e7in kollar\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131 ve ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aleyhinde Ak \u015e\u00f6valye diye bilinen Erdel Voyvodas\u0131 Hunyadi Yano\u015f kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir araya geldiler. Tuna\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek Varna\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131lar. Tahtta oturan II. Mehmed, yap\u0131lan me\u015fveretler ve \u00f6zellikle Vezir-i Azam \u00c7andarl\u0131-zade Halil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0131srarlar\u0131yla, II. Murad\u2019\u0131 yani babas\u0131n\u0131 tahta davet etti. 1444 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci defa sultan olan II. Mur\u00e2d, hemen Edirne\u2019ye geldi ve 40.000 askeriyle Varna \u00f6nlerine ilerledi ve sadece 150 \u015fehidle ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusunu darmada\u011f\u0131n etti. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde ve \u00f6zellikle Kahire\u2019de dualarla y\u00e2d edilen bu zafer, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlar\u0131n sahibi oldu\u011funu tescil etmi\u015fti. Edirne\u2019ye d\u00f6nen II. Murad yeniden yani ikinci defa o\u011flunu tahta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 (1445).<\/div>\n
\u00a0Devlet adamlar\u0131 ve yeni\u00e7eri bu duruma raz\u0131 olmad\u0131 ve Sult\u00e2n Murad\u2019\u0131n yeniden tahta ge\u00e7mesini \u0131srarla arzu ettiler. Bu \u0131srar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defa II. Murad tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve o\u011flu da b\u00f6ylece iki defa tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p inmi\u015f oldu (1446). Varna zaferinden sonra Arnavutluk\u2019da \u0130skender denilen bir m\u00fcrtedle ba\u015f\u0131 belaya giren II. Murad, o\u011flu F\u00e2tih\u2019i de alarak Arnavutluk seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durumu f\u0131rsat bilen Ak \u015e\u00f6valye, Papan\u0131n da deste\u011fini alarak bir di\u011fer ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi daha d\u00fczenledi ve Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erek Kosova Ovas\u0131na kadar geldi. 17 Ekim 1448 tarihinde II. Kosova Zaferini kazand\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkleri Balkanlardan atmak i\u00e7in giri\u015ftikleri son seferi de zaferle tamamlam\u0131\u015f oldu. Buradan Edirne\u2019ye d\u00f6nen II. Murad 1449 y\u0131l\u0131nda o\u011flunu evlendirdi. O\u011flunu Manisa Sancakbeyli\u011fine g\u00f6nderen II. Mur\u00e2d, 3 \u015eubat 1451 sabah\u0131 Edirne Saray\u0131\u2019nda vef\u00e2t eyledi.<\/div>\n
\u00a0ZEVCELER\u0130: 1- Dulkadiro\u011flu Al\u00eeme H\u00e2t\u00fbn. 2- Yeni H\u00e2tun; Amasyal\u0131 Mahm\u00fbd bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131. 3- H\u00fcma H\u00e2tun: Abdullah isimli bir \u015fahs\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ve F\u00e2tih\u2019in annesi. F\u00e2tih\u2019in annesinin dev\u015firme oldu\u011fu nakledilmektedir. Ancak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu kesindir ve hele Ortodoks olan Mara H\u00e2t\u00fbn ile F\u00e2tih\u2019in \u00fcvey annelik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda alakas\u0131 yoktur. 4-T\u00e2c\u00fcnnis\u00e2 Hatice Hal\u00eeme H\u00e2tun; Candaro\u011flu \u0130sfendiyar Bey\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131. 5-Mara H\u00e2tun; \u00c7ocuksuz ve ortodoks olarak \u00f6len ve F\u00e2tih\u2019in \u00fcvey annesi olan bu kad\u0131n, S\u0131rbistan Despotu George Bronkovi\u00e7\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131. \u00c7OCUKLARI: 1- F\u00e2tih Sult\u00e2n Mehmed. 2- Ulu \u015eehz\u00e2de Alaaddin Bey. 3- \u015eehz\u00e2de B\u00fcy\u00fck Ahmed. 4- \u015eehz\u00e2de \u0130sfendiyar. 5- \u015eehz\u00e2de H\u00fcseyin. 6- \u015eehz\u00e2de Orhan. 7-\u015eehz\u00e2de Hasan. 8- \u015eehz\u00e2de K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ahmed. 9- Yusuf \u00c2dil \u015eah. 10- Hatice Sult\u00e2n. 11- Hafsa Sult\u00e2n. 12- Fatma Sult\u00e2n. 13- Erhondu Sult\u00e2n. 14- \u015eehz\u00e2de Sel\u00e7uk Sult\u00e2n.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Asr\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Timur Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu G\u00e2zi Umur Pa\u015fa, \u00c7andarl\u0131-z\u00e2de Halil Pa\u015fa, dev\u015firmelerden \u015eih\u00e2b\u00fcddin Pa\u015fa, Damad Karaca Pa\u015fa, Za\u011fanos Pa\u015fa ve Kas\u0131m Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131; asr\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fhur \u00e2limlerinden Molla Fenari\u2019den sonra m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck makam\u0131na gelen Molla Yeg\u00e2n lakab\u0131yla me\u015fhur Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Muhammed, Molla \u015eemseddin G\u00fcr\u00e2n\u00ee, Seyyid Al\u00e2\u2019addin Semerkand\u00ee, H\u0131z\u0131r Be\u011f ve Al\u00e2\u2019addin T\u00fbs\u00ee\u2019yi; maneviy\u00e2t erenlerinden Hac\u0131 Bayram\u2019\u0131n halifelerinden Ak B\u0131y\u0131k, Muhammediyye m\u00fcellifi Yaz\u0131c\u0131z\u00e2de, Env\u00e2r\u2019\u00fcl-\u00c2\u015f\u0131k\u00een adl\u0131 eserin m\u00fcellifi Ahmed-i B\u00eecan ve \u015eeyh Musl\u0131huddin\u2019i; \u015f\u00e2irlerden Hac\u0131 \u0130vaz Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu At\u00e2y\u00ee ve \u015fiirlerinden dolay\u0131 idam edilen Nes\u00eem\u00ee\u2019yi mutlaka zikretmeliyiz[1].<\/div>\n
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\u00a0[1] \u00c2\u015f\u0131kpa\u015fa-z\u00e2de , Tarih, sh. 95-139; Ne\u015fr\u00ee , Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Cih\u00e2nn\u00fcm\u00e2, c. II, sh. 555-681; \u00c2li, K\u00fcnh\u2019\u00fcl-Ahb\u00e2r, c. V, sh. 194-246; Ahmed U\u011fur ne\u015fri, sh. 326-417; L\u00fctfi Pa\u015fa , Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh-i \u00c2l-i Osman, sh. 148-150; Solakz\u00e2de, sh. 138-188; Kantemir, c. I, sh. 129-147; Aksun, Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, c. I, sh. 107-126; Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131 , Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi , I, 366-451; Y\u0131lmaz, Belgelerle Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, c. I, sh. 195-268; Ulu\u00e7ay , Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n Kad\u0131n lar\u0131 ve K\u0131zlar\u0131, sh. 13-18; Sa\u011fman, Ali R\u0131za, \u201cF\u00e2tih\u2019in Anas\u0131\u201d, Resimli Tarih Mecmuas\u0131 IV, \u0130stanbul 1953, sh. 2312; \u00d6ztuna, Devletler ve H\u00e2ned\u00e2nlar, c. II, sh.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin Osman Bey\u2019den sonra ikinci kurucu dedikleri Sult\u00e2n II. Mur\u00e2d, 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dulkadiro\u011flu Emine H\u00e2tun\u2019dan Amasya\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 1421 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan 41 g\u00fcn sonra gelip Edirne\u2019de tahta oturur oturmaz, Limni\u2019de g\u00f6z hapsinde bulunan amcas\u0131 D\u00fczmece Mustafa, Bizans \u0130mparatoru taraf\u0131ndan serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Mustafa\u2026<\/p>\n

Okumaya Devam Et<\/span><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osmanli-sultanlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":308,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions\/308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osmanli.org.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}