Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
| 1919–1991[b] | |||||||||
 Flag
(1950–1991)  State emblem
(1949–1991) | |||||||||
| Motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! (Ukrainian) Proletari vsikh krain, yednaitesia! (transliteration) "Workers of the world, unite!" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки (Ukrainian) Derzhavnyi himn Ukrainskoi Radianskoi Sotsialistychnoi Respubliky (transliteration) "State Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" (1949–1991) | |||||||||
 Location of the Ukrainian SSR (red) within the Soviet Union (red and light yellow) between 1956 and 1991 | |||||||||
| Status | 1919–1922: Nominally independent state (satellite state of the Russian SFSR) 1922–1990: Union Republic of the Soviet Union 1990–1991: Union Republic with priority of the Ukrainian legislation | ||||||||
| Capital | Kharkov (1919–1934)[1] Kiev (1934–1991)[2] | ||||||||
| Largest city | Kiev | ||||||||
| Official languages | Russian[3][4] Ukrainian[4][5] (Ukrainian declared as sole official language in 1990)[6] | ||||||||
| Recognised languages | Belarusian, Crimean Tatar, Hungarian, Romanian, Polish | ||||||||
| Religion |
| ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Ukrainian, Soviet | ||||||||
| Government | 1919–1990: Unitary communist state 1990–1991: Unitary parliamentary republic | ||||||||
| First Secretary | |||||||||
• 1918–1919 (first) | Emanuel Kviring | ||||||||
• 1990 (last)[c] | Stanislav Hurenko | ||||||||
| Head of state | |||||||||
• 1919–1938 (first) | Grigory Petrovsky | ||||||||
• 1990–1991 (last) | Leonid Kravchuk | ||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||
• 1918–1919 (first) | Georgy Pyatakov | ||||||||
• 1988–1991 (last) | Vitold Fokin | ||||||||
| Legislature | Congress of Soviets (1919–1938)[7] Supreme Soviet (1938–1991)[8] | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Republic proclaimed | 10 March 1919 | ||||||||
| 30 December 1922 | |||||||||
| 15 November 1939 | |||||||||
| 2 August 1940 | |||||||||
| 29 June 1945 | |||||||||
| 24 October 1945 | |||||||||
| 19 February 1954 | |||||||||
| 16 July 1990 | |||||||||
| 24 August 1991 | |||||||||
| 1 December 1991 | |||||||||
| 26 December 1991 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 603,700 km2 (233,100 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
| 51,706,746 | |||||||||
• 1990 estimate[9] | 52,054,092 | ||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 1990 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | ~$395.12 billion[10] | ||||||||
• Per capita | ~$7,590.5[11] | ||||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 1990 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | ~$81.4 billion[12] | ||||||||
• Per capita | ~$1,563.6[9][12] | ||||||||
| HDI (1990) | 0.750[13] high | ||||||||
| Currency | Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .su | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Ukraine | ||||||||
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic commonly known as the Ukrainian SSR or Soviet Ukraine, was in the southwestern part of the Soviet Union. It was one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union. This lasted from 1922 to 1991.
The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations.[14] It did not really have much power because it was tightly controlled by central all-Soviet Union authorities. When the Soviet Union broke apart, the Ukrainian SSR became Ukraine.
During its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times. The eastern city of Kharkiv was the republic's first capital. However, in 1934, it was moved to the city of Kyiv. Kyiv is still the capital of Ukraine. Among other largest cities there were Odesa, Dnipro, Donetsk (named Stalino before 1961), Lviv, Zaporizhia.
History
[change | change source]Ukrainian SSR was one of 4 first republics of USSR. In 1939, under the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact part of the former second Republic of Poland was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR. This area was occupied by Poland in 1921 and included the cities of Lviv, Ternopil, Stanislav (now Ivano-Frankivsk), and Rivne.
In 1940 Ukraine received from Romania Northern Bukovina (Chernivtsy oblast) and part of Bessarabia. During WWIV all of Ukraine was occupied by the Axis Powers. There were large partisan movements. Kyiv and Odesa became hero cities.
In 1953 former head of Communist party of Ukraine Nikita Khrushchev became the General Secretary of the CPSU. In 1964 he was removed by Ukrainian Leonid Brezhnev who was in office until his death in 1982. In 1954 Crimea was incorporated in Ukrainian SSR. In 1986 there was Chernobyl disaster.
Demographic
[change | change source]In the republic there were about 29 mln people in 1926, 47.1 mln in 1970, 49.6 mln in 1979, 51.7 mln in 1989. In 1989 5 cities had more than 1 million people. It was Kyiv (2.6 mln), Kharkiv (1.6 mln), Dnipro (1.2 mln), Odesa (1.1 mln) and Donetsk (1.1 mln).
The larger nation was Ukrainians, 2nd nation was Russians during all the history. Among the other nations were Jews, Belarusians, Moldovans and Romanians, Poles, Greeks.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "History" (in Ukrainian). Kharkov Oblast Government Administration. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ↑ Soviet encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. 1969–1972.
- ↑ Lenore Grenoble (2003). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-1298-3. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- 1 2 Mariya Kapinos. Honest History: Where, why Ukrainians speak Russian language (and how Kremlin uses it to stoke conflict in Ukraine) Archived 9 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Kyiv Post. 6 April 2018
- ↑ "Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted in 1978" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ↑ Law of Ukraine "About languages of the Ukrainian SSR"
- ↑ All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia
- ↑ Magocsi 2010, p. 722.
- 1 2 "Ukraine Population (2026)". Worldometer. 23 July 2026.
- ↑ "GDP, PPP (current international $) - Ukraine". World Bank. 23 July 2026.
- ↑ "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Ukraine". World Bank. 23 July 2026.
- 1 2 "Ukraine GDP (nominal) 2025". World Economics. 23 July 2026.
- ↑ Specific country data | Human Development Reports https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/UKR
- ↑ "Activities of the Member States - Ukraine". United Nations. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
50°27′N 30°30′E / 50.450°N 30.500°E
- ↑ Historical names:
- 1919–1936: Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (Українська Соціалістична Радянська Республіка; Украинская Социалистическая Советская Республика)
- ↑ Occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II from August 1941–October 1944, it was Reichskommissariat Ukraine during the Nazi occupation.
- ↑ On 24 October 1990, article 6 on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Ukraine on power was excluded from the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR
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