In an Order issued on September 21, 2026 (UPC-CoA-90/2026), in the case Sidel Participations SAS v. Omnia Technologies S.p.A. et al., the UPC Court of Appeal stated that the question whether an action for a declaration of non-infringement of a patent can be filed before its grant is not a question of c͟o͟m͟p͟e͟t͟e͟n͟c͟e̲ of the UPC, but one of a͟d͟m͟i͟s͟s͟i͟b͟i͟l͟i͟t͟y̲.
On March 3, 2026, Omnia filed an action before the Paris Central Division seeking a declaration that one of its products does not infringe two European patents of Sidel. At that time, neither patent had yet been granted. Sidel subsequently filed applications to opt out the patents on April 2 and April 8. The patents were then granted on April 22 and May 20.
Before grant, Sidel also filed a Preliminary objection, arguing, inter alia, that the UPC lacked competence under Art. 32(1)(b) UPCA because that provision refers to actions for declarations of non-infringement of “patents” and not patent “applications”.
The Preliminary objection was dismissed and Sidel appealed.
The Court of Appeal dismissed Sidel’s arguments. Although the patents had not yet been granted when the action was filed, the CoA considered that Omnia aimed to obtain a declaration of non-infringement in respect of the “patents” following their grant, and that references to the pending patent applications merely described their status at the time of filing. The action was therefore an action for a declaration of non-infringement of “patents”, hence falling, in principle, within the competence of the UPC under Art. 32(1)(b) UPCA.
The Court then drew an important distinction: whether such an action can be filed before the patent is granted is not a question of the UPC’s competence, but of the admissibility of the claims. Since R. 19 RoP exhaustively lists the objections that may be raised by way of a Preliminary objection, and admissibility is not among them, the Court did not decide whether Omnia’s action had been brought “too early”. This question, including whether R. 61 and R. 63 RoP require the patent to have been granted, remains to be determined in the further proceedings.
Importantly, however, the Court held that Omnia’s action, although filed before grant, constituted an “action” for the purposes of Art. 83(3) UPCA. Since the action had been brought before Sidel filed its opt-out applications, those opt-outs were therefore ineffective.
𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗮𝘄𝗮𝘆: The CoA leaves open whether an action for a declaration of non-infringement filed before grant is admissible. Nevertheless, it held that, in the present case, the filing of such an action before grant rendered subsequent opt-outs ineffective under Art. 83(3) UPCA. Whether this conclusion would stand if the action were ultimately found inadmissible as having been brought “too early” remains unanswered.