Apache Interview Questions and Answers

Answer: Apache Interview Questions & Answers Q: – What is location of log files for Apache server ? Ans- /var/log/httpd Q: – What are the types of virtual hosts ? Ans- a. name-based b. IP-based. Name-based virtual host means that multiple names are running on each IP address. IP-based virtual host means that a different IP address exists for each website served. Most configurations are named-based because it only requires one IP address. Q: – Command to restart/start Apache web server ? Ans- service httpd restart/start Q: – Comamnd to check the version of Apache server ? Ans- rpm -qa |grep httpd Q: – What is meaning ...

Answer: The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache, is a Web server application notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web.Originally based on the NCSA HTTPd server, development of Apache began in early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache quickly overtook NCSA HTTPd as the dominant HTTP server, and has remained the most popular HTTP server in use since April 1996. In 2009, it became the first Web server software to serve more than 100 million Web sites.

Answer: Apache's role is all about communication over networks, and it uses the TCP/IP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol which allows devices with IP addresses within the same network to communicate with one another).

Answer: The name "Apache" derives from the word "patchy" that the Apache developers used to describe early versions of their software development.

Answer: Following are modules supported by Apache mod_access,  mod_auth,  mod_digest,  mod_auth_digest Secure Sockets Layer  Transport Layer Security support (mod_ssl),  proxy module (mod_proxy) URL rewriter (mod_rewrite) custom log files (mod_log_config) mod_ext_filter.

Answer: Yes, It is

Answer: Robert McCool

Answer: 'C' Language

Answer: httpd.apache.org

Answer: No, You need not.

Answer: /var/log/httpd

Answer: a. name-basedb. IP-based.Name-based virtual host means that multiple names are running on each IP address.IP-based virtual host means that a different IP address exists for each website served. Most configurations are named-based because it only requires one IP address.

Answer: service httpd restart/start

Answer: rpm -qa |grep httpd

Answer:  Port number on which to listen for nonsecure (http) transfers.

Answer: It is a location of files which are accessible by clients. By default, the Apache HTTP server in RedHat Enterprise Linux is configured to serve files from the /var/www/html/ directory.

Answer: http – port 80https – port 44

Answer:  httpd.conf

Answer: httpd-2.2.3

Answer: The DNS system is used to associate IP addresses with domain names. The value of ServerName is returned when the server generates a URL. If you are using a certain domain name, you must make sure that it is included in your DNS system and will be available to clients visiting your site.The DNS system is used to associate IP addresses with domain names. The value of ServerName is returned when the server generates a URL. If you are using a certain domain name, you must make sure that it is included in your DNS system and will be available to clients visiting your site.

Answer: Directory sections refer to file system objects; Location sections refer to elements in the address bar of the Web Page.

Answer:  During a normal restart, the server is stopped and then started, causing some requests to be lost. A graceful restart allows Apache children to continue to serve their current requests until they can be replaced with children running the new configuration.

Answer: mod_perl scripting module to allow better Perl script performance and easy integration with the web server.

Answer:  It will give you more information in the error log in order to debug a problem.

Answer: No

Answer: In this case I will use Name Based Virtual hosting. ServerName 10.111.203.25NameVirtualHost *:80 ServerName web1.test.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/web1 ServerName web2.test2.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/web2

Answer: Yes. We can do it by using “Alias” command.

Answer: In this case I will use “AliasMatch” directives.The AliasMatch directive allows you to use regular expressions to match arbitrary patterns in URLs and map anything matching the pattern to the desired URL.

Answer: Yes, add following lines in httpd.conf file.CustomLog logs/cookies_in.log “%{UNIQUE_ID}e %{Cookie}i” CustomLog logs/cookies2_in.log “%{UNIQUE_ID}e %{Cookie2}i”

Answer: Add the following effect or to your activity log format. %{Referer}

Answer: This can be achieved by LimitRequestBody directive.

Answer: Order Allow,DenyDeny from allSatisfy All

Answer: mod_evasive is a third-party module that performs one simple task and performs it very well. It detects when your site is receiving a Denial of Service (DoS) attack and it prevents that attack from doing as much damage. mod_evasive detects when a single client is making multiple requests in a short period of time and denies further requests from that client. The period for which the ban is in place can be very short, because it just gets renewed the next time a request is detected from that same host.

Answer:  If you have mod_php installed, use AddHandler to map .php and .phtml files to the PHP handler. AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .phtml .php

Answer: ab (Apache bench)ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://www.test.com/test.html

Answer: Yes we can do it by using mod_file_cache module.CacheFile /www/htdocs/index.html

Answer: rpm -qa |grep httpd

Answer: it is a location of files which are accessible by clients. By default, the Apache HTTP server in RedHat Enterprise Linux is configured to serve files from the /var/www/html/ directory.

Answer: http – port 80https – port 443

Answer: Directory sections refer to fileDirectory sections refer to file system objects; Location sections refer to elements in the address bar of the Web page system objects; Location sections refer to elements in the address bar of the Web page

Answer: In this case I will use Name Based Virtual hosting. ServerName 10.111.203.25NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80>ServerName web1.test.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/web1</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80>ServerName web2.test2.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/web2</VirtualHost>

Answer: YesUse CustomLog and the rotatelogs programsAdd following line in httpd.conf file. CustomLog “| /path/to/rotatelogs /path/to/logs/access_log.%Y-%m-%d 86400″ combined

Answer: Add the following effector to your activity log format. %{Referer}

Answer: <Directory proxy:http://www.test.com/myfiles>Order Allow,DenyDeny from allSatisfy All</Directory>

Answer: A. ExpirationsB. BrowserMatchC. KeepAliveD. PersistentConnectE. ChunkEncode

Answer: How to install Apache There are numerous ways of installing the package or application.  There are enlisted below - One of the features of this open source web application is that anyone can make installer as per their own environment. This has allowed various vendors like Debian, Red Hat, FreeBSD, Suse etc. to customize the file location and configuration of apache taking into account other installed applications and base OS. Apart from installing it from a vendor based installer, there is always the option of building and installing it from the source code. Installing Apache from source file is a platform independent & works for al...

Answer: An Apache web server can host multiple websites on the SAME server. You do not need separate server machine and apache software for each website. This can achieved using the concept of Virtual Host. Any domain that you want to host on your web server will have a separate entry in apache configuration file.   There are two types of virtual hosts supported by Apache – Name-based virtual host Address-based or IP based virtual host and. Name-based Virtual Host Name based virtual hosting is used to host multiple websites on a single IP address.    In order to configure name based virtual hosting, you have to set the IP address...

Answer: Running Php files on Apache needs mod_php enabled on your server.  It allows Apache to interpret .Php files.  It has Php handlers that interpret the Php code in apache and send HTML to your web server.  If mod_php is enabled on your server, you will have a file named php.conf in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ directory.  You can also check it with: ? 1 httpd -M | grep "php5_module" The output will be similar to:   At present there are four php handlers available in Apache i.e. mod_php CGI FastCGI suPHP mod_phpis the oldest PHP handler, it makes PHP part of apache and does not call any external PHP process. This module is installe...

Answer: Securing your web server is very important, it means allowing others to see only the intended information & protecting your data and restricting access. These are common things that enhance your web servers’ security. 1) Hiding Apache version and OS information: Apache displays its version and the name of the operating system   A hacker can use this information to launch an attack using the publicly available vulnerabilities in the particular version of the server or OS. In order to prevent Apache webserverfromdisplaying this information, we have to modify “server signature” option available in the apache configurat...

Answer: Apache logs provide detailed information that help to detect common issues with server. In order create logs, mod_log_configmodule must be enabled. There are three directives available in apache configuration file i.e. TransferLog: Creating a log file. LogFormat : Specifying a custom format. CustomLog : Creating and formatting a log file. TransferLog directive is available in the apache configuration file and it rotates virtual host log files as per set parameters. ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <VirtualHost www.example.com>     ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com     DocumentRoot /usr/www/exampl...

Answer: 1.  In order to have a running production web server, you need a dedicated node (Physical/Virtual or cloud instance) running Linux/Unix, Windows, MacOS etc.  2.  The Web Server must have a direct network connection and a staticIP address configured on it. 3.  It needs to have all the modules required for running web pages.  If a web server processes PHP pages, it needs to have PHP  module enabled. It also needs to have a good Antivirus application configured and running for securing the Web Server from Malware or Virus attacks.  You also need mechanism to update the configured antivirus/anti malware applicat...