Ccna Interview Questions and Answers

Answer: Ccna is cisco certified network associat

Answer: Baneer motd # is use to add a banner to a Cisco router.

Answer: VLAN are assigned to individual switch ports. Ports can be statically assign to a single VLAN or dynamically assign to a single VLAN. All ports are assign to VLAN 1 by default. Ports are active only if they are assign to VLANs that exist on the switch. Switch port assignment are performed by administrator and donot change unless modified by the administrator, wheter the VLAN exist on the switch or not. Dynamic VLAN are assign to a port based on MAC address of the device plugged into a port. Dynamic VLAN configuration requires VLAN Membership Policy Service(VMPS)client, sever,and database to operate.

Answer: Routing is the process of finding a path on which data can pass from source to destination. Routing is done by a device called routers, which are network layer devices.

Answer: The function of a router are as follows- 1)Packet switching 2)Packet filtering 3)Best path selection to destination 4)Provides inter-network communication.

Answer: The job of the Data Link layer is to check messages are sent to the right device. Another function of this layer is framing.

Answer: When a switch receives a signal, it creates a frame out of the bits that was extracted from that signal. With this process, it gains access and reads the destination address, after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a very efficient means of data transmission, instead of broadcasting it on all ports.

Answer: Network congestion occurs when too many users are trying to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation.

Answer: 1)Switches operates at layer 2 data link layer.Where as hub operates at layer 1 physical layer. 2)The function of a switch is to learn address,where as in hub there is no address learning. 3)Switches forward/filter decision using MAC address. No filtering is done in case of hub. 4)switches creates separate collision domains but a single broadcast domains.Hub creates single collision domains and a single broadcast domain.

Answer: Subnetting is breaking up of big networks into smaller sub networks. It is use to reduce network traffic, optimized network performance, and simplify management, i.e to identify and isolate network performance.

Answer: RIP relies on the number of hops in order to determine the best route to a network. On the other hand, IGRP takes consideration many factors before it decides the best route to take, such as bandwidth, reliability, MTU and hop count.

Answer: A Window refers to the number of segments that is allowed to be sent from source to destination before an acknowledgement is sent back.

Answer: 1)NVRAM stores the startup configuration file 2)DRAM stores the configuration file that is being executed 3)Flash Memory stores the Cisco IOS.

Answer: The most convenient way to configure a router remotely is to use the Cisco AutoInstall Procedure. However, the router must be connected to the WAN or LAN through one of the interfaces.

Answer: No. Bridge takes the large network and filter it, without changing the size of the network.

Answer: Two types of transmission technology use in CCNA are- 1)Point-to-point. 2)Broadcast.

Answer: There are three possible ways of data exchange- 1)Simplex-The signal be sent away in unidirectional mode. This indicate the signal is sent away form the resource to the destination merely. The signal movements in single direction only. E.g. television or radio transmission. 2)Half-Duplex - Contrast to simplex communication, half duplex message authorized the traffic to travel in mutually directions. Half duplex merely approved the signal to pass through both direction but at the same time. This way that the signal have to be sent out first and finish the session as of a place and then simply the reception signal be able to be sent in and the ...

Answer: Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that provides connection-oriented communication by creating and maintaining virtual circuits. It has a high performance rating and operates at the Data Link and Physical Layers.

Answer: AD or Administrative distance is the feature that routers use in order to select the best path when there are two or more different routes to the same destination from two different routing protocols. Administrative distance defines the reliability of a routing protocol. Each routing protocol is prioritized in order of most to least reliable (believable) with the help of an administrative distance value.

Answer: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an open routing protocol loosely based on their original IGRP created by Cisco. EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize both the routing instability incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router. Routers that support EIGRP will automatically redistribute route information to IGRP neighbors by converting the 32 bit EIGRP metric to the 24 bit IGRP metric. Most of the routing optimizations are based on the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) work from SRI, which guarantees loop-free operation and...

Answer: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol which is used to make core routing decisions on the Internet; it involves a table of IP networks or "prefixes" which designate network reachability among autonomous systems. BGP is a path vector protocol or a variant of a Distance-vector routing protocol. BGP does not involve traditional Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) metrics, but routing decisions are made based on path, network policies and/or rule-sets. For this reason, it is more appropriately termed a reachability protocol rather than routing protocol.

Answer: EtherChannel is a port link aggregation technology or port-channel architecture used primarily on Cisco switches. It allows grouping of several physical Ethernet links to create one logical Ethernet link for the purpose of providing fault-tolerance and high-speed links between switches, routers and servers. An EtherChannel can be created from between two and eight active Fast, Gigabit or 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, with an additional one to eight inactive (failover) ports which become active as the other active ports fail. EtherChannel is primarily used in the backbone network, but can also be used to connect end user machines.

Answer: There are 3 modes the VTP protocol can operate on any switch throughout the network: 1)VTP server mode-By default all switches are configured as VTP Servers when first powered on. All VLAN information such as VLAN number and VLAN name is stored locally, on a separate NVRAM from where the 'startup-config' is stored. This happens only when the switch is in VTP Server mode. For small networks with a limited number of switches and VLANs, storing all VLAN information on every switch is usually not a problem, but as the network expands and VLANs increase in number, it becomes a problem and a decision must be made to select a few powerful switches a...

Answer: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway. HSRP provides network redundancy for IP networks, ensuring that user traffic immediately and transparently recovers from first hop failures in network edge devices or access circuits. By sharing an IP address and a MAC (Layer 2) address, two or more routers can act as a single "virtual" router. The members of the virtual router group continually exchange status messages. This way, one router can assume the routing responsibility of another, should it go out of commission for either planned or unplanned reasons. Host...

Answer: Latency is the amount of time delay that measures the point from which a network device receives a data frame to the time it sends it out again towards another network segment.

Answer: Application Layer supports the communication components of an application and provides network services to application processes that span beyond the OSI reference model specifications. It also synchonizes applications on the server and client.

Answer: VLANs allow the creation of collision domains by groups other than just physical location. Using VLANs, it is possible to establish networks by different means, such as by function, type of hardware, protocol, among others. This is a big advantage when compared to conventional LANs wherein collision domains are always tied to physical location.

Answer: A layered network offers many advantages. It allows administrators to make changes in one layer without the need to make changes in the other layers. Specialization is encouraged, allowing the network industry to make progress faster. A layered model also lets administrators troubleshoot problems more efficiently.

Answer: This model uses the Store-and-forward switching method. It stores the entire frame to its buffers and performs a crc(cyclical redundancy check) check before deciding whether or not to forward that data frame. *CRC-Cyclical redundancy check is one of the error detection method found in data link layer of the OSI model.

Answer: User Mode is used for regular task when using a CISCO router, such as to view system information, connecting to remote devices, and checking the status of the router. On the other hand, privileged mode includes all options that are available for User Mode, plus more. You can use this mode in order to make configurations on the router, including making tests and debugging.

Answer: MTU stands for Maximum Transmission Unit. It refers to the maximum packet size that can be sent out onto the data line without the need to fragment it.

Answer: BootP is a protocol that is used to boot diskless workstations that are connected to the network. It is short for Boot Program. Diskless workstations also use BootP in order to determine its own IP address as well as the IP address of the server PC.

Answer: Communication is the process of sendind and receiving data by means of data cables that are connected externally. Transmission means transfer of data from the source to the destination.

Answer: PING - Packet Internet Gopher A utility that verifies connections to one or more remote hosts. The ping command uses the ICMP echo request and echo reply packets to determine whether a particular IP system on a network is functional. Ping is useful for diagnosing IP network or router failures.

Answer: It can be done in three possible ways: – using Dotted-decimal. For example: 192.168.0.1 – using Binary. For example: 10000010.00111011.01110010.01110011 – using Hexadecimal. For example: 82 1E 10 A1

Answer: To access privileged mode, you enter the command “enable” on the prompt. In order to get back to user mode, enter the command “disable”

Answer: HDLC is short for High Level Data Link Control protocol, and is a propriety protocol of CISCO. It is the default encapsulation operated within CISCO routers.

Answer: nternetworks are created when networks are connected using routers. Specifically, the network administrator assigns a logical address to every network that connects to the router.

Answer: Bandwidth refers to the transmission capacity of a medium. It is a measure of how much volume a transmission channel can handle, and is measured in Kbps.

Answer: Hold-downs prevent regular update messages from reinstating a downed link by removing that link from update messages. It uses triggered updates to reset the hold-down timer.

Answer: Packets are the results of data encapsulation. These are data that has been wrapped under the different protocols of the OSI layers. Packets are also referred to as datagrams.

Answer: Segments are sections of a data stream that comes from the upper OSI layers and ready for transmission towards the network. Segments are the logic units at the Transport Layer.

Answer: allows full duplex data transmission and reception – media rate adaption – easy and efficient migration

Answer: Route Poisoning is the process of inserting a table entry of 16 to a route, making it unreachable. This technique is used in order to prevent problems caused by inconsistent updates on a route.

Answer: The best way to go about this is to use the equation 256 minus the subnet mask. The hosts that are considered valid are those that can be found between the subnets.

Answer: DLCI, or Data Link Connection Identifiers, are normally assigned by a frame relay service provider in order to uniquely identify each virtual circuit that exists on the network.

Answer: From a data transmitter’s point of reference, data from the end user is converted to segments. Segments are then passed on to the other layers and converted into packets or datagrams. These packets are then converted into frames before passing on to the network interface. Finally, frames are converted to bits prior to actual data transmission.

Answer: There are actually five types of passwords that can be used. These are enable secret, enable, virtual terminal, console, and auxiliary.

Answer: For a network administration, segmenting a network would help ease network traffic and ensures that high bandwidth is made available at all times for all users. This translates to better performance especially for a growing network.

Answer: The hostname and the Interfaces. The hostname is the name of your router. The Interfaces are fixed configurations that refer to the router ports.

Answer: Logical Topology refers to the signal path through the physical topology. Physical Topology is the actual layout of the network medium.

Answer: This may happen when the hold-down timer has already expired, or when the router received a processing task that incidentally was proportional to the number of links in the internetwork.

Answer: A. erase running-config B. erase startup-config C. erase nvram D. delete nvram Correct Answer: B. erase startup-config

Answer: Hostname: Branch Hostname: Remote PH# 123-6000, 123-6001 PH# 123-8000, 123-8001 SPID1: 32055512360001 SPID1: 32055512380001 SPID2: 32055512360002 SPID2: 32055512380002 isdn switch-type basic ni username Remote password cisco interface bri0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp ppp authentication chap isdn spid1 41055512360001 isdn spid2 41055512360002 dialer map ip 10.1.1.2 name Remote 1238001 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit Correct Answer: (config-if)# dialer-group 1

Answer: A. The highest IP address of any physical interface. B. The lowest IP address of any logical interface. C. The middle IP address of any logical interface.. D. The lowest IP address of any physical interface. E. The highest IP address of any interface. F. The highest IP address of any logical interface. G. The lowest IP address of any interface. Correct Answer: A. The highest IP address of any physical interface.

Answer: Hub Switch Router Hub has single broadcast domain and collision domain. Anything comes in one port is sent out to the others.  It is a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches have single broadcast domain and multiple collision domains. It supports any packet protocol, as such it operates at the data link layer 2 and layer 3  Router is a device which transmits data packets along networks.

Answer: A data packet consists of sender’s information, recipient’s information, and the data contained.  It also has the numeric identification number that defines the packet number and order.  When data is send across the network, that information is segmented into data packets.  In short, data packets carry the information and routing configuration for your transferred message.  

Answer: DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.  DHCP assigns an IP address automatically to a given workstation client.  You can also make static IPS for machines like printers, servers, routers and scanners.

Answer: BOOTP is a computer networking protocol used to deploy an IP address to network devices from a configuration server

Answer: It is because UDP is un-sequenced and unreliable. It is not capable of creating virtual circuits and acknowledgments

Answer: Dynamically IP addresses are provided by DHCP server and static IP address are given manually.

Answer: Ranges for private IPS are Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.0.0.255 Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0 Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.0.255

Answer: You can access it in three ways Telnet (IP) AUX (Telephone) Console (Cable)

Answer: EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol; it is a routing protocol designed by Cisco Systems.  It is availed on a router to share routes with other routers within the same autonomous system. Unlike other routers like RIP, EIGRP only sends incremental updates, decreasing the workload on the router and the amount of data that needs to be transferred.

Answer: EIGRP protocol consists of Bandwidth Load Delay Reliability MTU Maximum Transmission Unit  

Answer: Clockrate enables the routers or DCE equipment to communicate properly.

Answer: Erase startup- coding is the command you must use if you want to delete the configuration data that is stored in the NVRAM

Answer: TCP and UDP both are protocols for sending files across computer network              TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)               UDP (User Datagram Protocol) TCP is connection oriented protocol. When connection lost during transferring files, the server would request the lost part.  While transferring a message, there is no corruption while transferring a message  UDP is based on connectionless protocol. When you send data, there is no guarantee whether your transferred message will reach there without any l...

Answer: Full duplex means that the communication can occur in both directions at the same time, while half duplex means that the communication can occur in one direction at time.

Answer: Conversion steps of data encapsulation includes   Layer one, two and Three ( Application/presentation/session) : Alphanumeric input from the user is converted into Data Layer Four (Transport): Data is converted into small segments Layer Five (Network): Data converted into packets or datagrams and Network header is added Layer Six (Data Link): Datagrams or packets are built into frames Layer Seven (Physical): Frames are converted into bits

Answer: Cntrl+Shift+F6 and X is the command we give if router IOS is stucked.

Answer: Route poisoning is a technique of preventing a network from transmitting packets through a route that has become invalid.

Answer:  What route entry will be assigned to dead or invalid route in case of RIP?

Answer: The job of the Data Link layer is to check messages are sent to the right device. Another function of this layer is framing.

Answer: When a switch receives a signal, it creates a frame out of the bits that was extracted from that signal. With this process, it gains access and reads the destination address, after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a very efficient means of data transmission, instead of broadcasting it on all ports.

Answer: Network congestion occurs when too many users are trying to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation.

Answer: Not really. What a bridge actually does is to take the large network and filter it, without changing the size of the network.

Answer: The LLC sublayer, short for Logical Link Control, can provide optional services to an application developer. One option is to provide flow control to the Network layer by using stop/start codes. The LLC can also provide error correction.

Answer: RIP relies on the number of hops in order to determine the best route to a network. On the other hand, IGRP takes consideration many factors before it decides the best route to take, such as bandwidth, reliability, MTU and hop count.

Answer: NVRAM stores the startup configuration file – DRAM stores the configuration file that is being executed – Flash Memory – stores the Cisco IOS.

Answer: The Application Layer supports the communication components of an application and provides network services to application processes that span beyond the OSI reference model specifications. It also synchonizes applications on the server and client.

Answer: This is Ethernet that makes use of fiber optic cable as the main transmission medium. The 100 stands for 100Mbps, which is the data speed.

Answer: In full-duplex, both the transmitting device and the receiving device can communicate simultaneously, that is, both can be transmitting and receiving at the same time. In the case of half-duplex, a device cannot receive while it is transmitting, and vice versa.

Answer: In Cut-Through LAN switching, as soon as the router receives the data frame, it will immediately send it out again and forward it to the next network segment after reading the destination address.

Answer: The maximum limit is 15 hop counts. Anything higher than 15 indicates that the network is considered unreachable.

Answer: Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that provides connection-oriented communication by creating and maintaining virtual circuits. It has a high performance rating and operates at the Data Link and Physical Layers.

Answer: The initial thing to do is to enable IPX routing by using the “ipx routing” command. Each interface that is used in the IPX network is then configured with a network number and encapsulation method.

Answer: There are two access lists: Standard and Extended. Standard Access List can only filter the source or destination IP address. An Extended Access List uses the source and destination IP addresses, port, socket and protocol when filtering a network.

Answer: VLANs allow the creation of collision domains by groups other than just physical location. Using VLANs, it is possible to establish networks by different means, such as by function, type of hardware, protocol, among others. This is a big advantage when compared to conventional LANs wherein collision domains are always tied to physical location.

Answer: Subnetting is the process of creating smaller networks from a big parent network. Being a part of a network, each subnet is assigned some additional parameters or identifier to indicate its subnet number.

Answer: A layered network offers many advantages. It allows administrators to make changes in one layer without the need to make changes in the other layers. Specialization is encouraged, allowing the network industry to make progress faster. A layered model also lets administrators troubleshoot problems more efficiently.

Answer: It’s because UDP is unreliable and unsequenced. It is not capable of establishing virtual circuits and acknowledgements.

Answer: Presentation layer supports many standards, which ensures that data is presented correctly. These include PICT, TIFF and JPEG for graphics, MIDI, MPEG and QuickTime for Video/Audio.

Answer: n cases when you need to configure a router remotely, the most convenient is to use the Cisco AutoInstall Procedure. However, the router must be connected to the WAN or LAN through one of the interfaces.

Answer: routed protocols that is configured on the router – the address assigned on each interface – the encapsulation method that was configured on each interface