Css Interview Questions and Answers

Answer: The full form of CSS is Cascading Style Sheets. It is a styling language which is simple enough for HTML elements. It is popular in web designing, and its application is common in XHTML also.

Answer: Standard Generalized Markup Language marked the beginning of style sheets in 1980s.

Answer: =>CSS 1 =>CSS 2 =>CSS 2.1 =>CSS 3 =>CSS 4

Answer: Limitations are: *Ascending by selectors is not possible*Limitations of vertical control*No expressions*No column declaration*Pseudo-class not controlled by dynamic behavior*Rules, styles, targeting specific text not possible

Answer: Advantages are: *Bandwidth*Site-wide consistency*Page reformatting*Accessibility*Content separated from presentation

Answer: It is a pre-planned libraries, which allows easier and more standards-compliant webpage styling, using CSS language.

Answer: Block level elements can be centered by: The margin-left and margin-right properties can be set to some explicit value: BODY { width: 40em; background: fluorescent; } P { width: 30em; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto }   In this case, the left and right margins will be each, five ems wide since they split up the ten ems left over from (40em-30em). It was unnecessary for setting up an explicit width for the BODY element; it was done here for simplicity.

Answer: CSS can be integrated in three ways: Inline: Style attribute can be used to have CSS applied HTML elements. Embedded: The Head element can have a Style element within which the code can be placed. Linked/ Imported: CSS can be placed in an external file and linked via link element.

Answer: Benefits: One file can be used to control multiple documents having different styles.Multiple HTML elements can have many documents, which can have classes.To group styles in composite situations, methods as selector and grouping are used. Demerits: Extra download is needed to import documents having style information.To render the document, the external style sheet should be loaded.Not practical for small style definitions.

Answer: Merits of Embedded Style Sheets: Multiple tag types can be created in a single document.Styles, in complex situations, can be applied by using Selector and Grouping methods.Extra download is unnecessary. Demerits of Embedded Style Sheets: Multiple documents cannot be controlled.

Answer: A string equivalent of HTML elements by which declarations or a set of it, is declared and is a link that can be referred for linking HTML and Style sheet is CSS selector.

Answer: The design and customization of documents are rendered by media. By applying media control over the external style sheets, they can be retrieved and used by loading it from the network.

Answer: =>While physical tags are also referred to as presentational mark-up, logical tags are useless for appearances.=>Physical tags are newer versions while logical tags are old and concentrate on content.

Answer: While HTML provides easy structure method, it lacks styling, unlike Style sheets. Moreover, style sheets have better browser capabilities and formatting options.

Answer: Ruleset : Selectors can be attached to other selectors to be identified by ruleset. It has two parts: *Selector, e.g. R and*declaration {text-indent: 11pt}

Answer: Although, there are no case-sensitivity of CSS, nevertheless font families, URL’s of images, etc is. Only when XML declarations along with XHTML DOCTYPE are being used on the page, CSS is case -sensitive.

Answer: A catalog of directions within braces consisting of property, colon and value is called declaration block.e.g.: [property 1: value 3]

Answer: They are: *Font-style*Font-variant*Font-weight*Font-size/line-height*Font-family*Caption*Icon

Answer: Importing enables combining external sheets to be inserted in many sheets. Different files and sheets can be used to have different functions. Syntax: @import notation, used with <Style> tag.

Answer: Selectors that are unique to a specific style, are called CLASS selectors. Declaration of style and association with HTML can be made through this. Syntax: Classnameit can be A-Z, a-z or digits..top {font: 14em ;}, class selector<Body class= “top”> this class is associated with element </body>

Answer: While an overall block is given to class selector, ID selector prefers only a single element differing   from other elements.

Answer: Pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors.  CSS in used to apply styles in HTML mark-up. In some cases when extra mark-up or styling is not possible for the document, then there is a feature available in CSS known as pseudo-elements. It will allow extra mark-up to the document without disturbing the actual document.

Answer: While making the float declaration, 1 pixel is added every time it is used in the form of the border, and   even more float is allowed thereafter.

Answer: Different media has different properties as they are case insensitive. They are: *Aural – for sound synthesizers and speech*Print – gives a preview of the content when printed*Projection- projects the CSS on projectors.*Handheld- uses handheld devices.*Screen- computers and laptop screens.

Answer: This box defines design and layout of elements of CSS. The elements are: Margin: the top most layer, the overall structure is shownBorder: the padding and content option with a border around it is shown.  Background color affects the border.Padding: Space is shown. Background colour affects the border.Content: Actual content is shown.

Answer: Selector used to select special occurrences of an element is called contextual selector. A space separates the individual selectors. Only the last element of the pattern is addressed in this kind of selector. For e.g.: TD P TEXT {color: blue}

Answer: A color can be specified in two ways: *A color is represented by 6 characters i.e. hexadecimal color coding. It is a combination of numbers and letters and is preceded by #. e.g.: g {color: #00cjfi} *A color is represented by a mixture of red, green and blue. The value of a color can also be specified. e.g.: rgb(r,g,b): In this type the values can be in between the integers 0 and 255. rgb(r%,g%,b%): red, green and blue percentage is shown.

Answer: When a set of images is collaborated into one image, it is known as ‘Image Sprites’. As the loading every image on a webpage consumes time, using image sprites lessens the time taken and gives information quickly. CSS coding: img.add { width: 60px; height: 55px; background: url (image.god) 0 0; } In this case, only the part needed is used. The user can save substantial margin and time through this.      

Answer: Grouping:  Selectors can be grouped having the same values of property and the code be reduced. h1 { color: blue; } h2 { color: blue; } p { color: blue; } It can be seen from the code that every element shares the same property. Rewriting can be avoided by writing each selector separated by a comma. Nesting: Specifying a selector within a selector is called nesting.   5678910111213141516171819202122232425P { color: red; text-align: left; } .marked { background-color: blue; } .marked p { color: green; }

Answer: Dimension properties can be defined by: *Height*Max-height*Max-width*Min-height*Min-width*Width

Answer: By float property, the image can be moved to the right or the left along with the text to be wrapped around it. Elements before this property is applied do not change their properties.

Answer: Overlapping may occur while using CSS for positioning HTML elements. Z index helps in specifying the overlapping element. It is a number which can be positive or negative, the default value being zero.

Answer: In case the component fails, it will continue to work properly in the presence of a graceful degradation. The latest browser application is used when a webpage is designed. As it is not available to everyone, there is a basic functionality, which enables its use to a wider audience. In case the image is unavailable for viewing, text is shown with the alt tag.

Answer: It’s an alternative to graceful degradation, which concentrates on the matter of the web. The functionality is same, but it provides an extra edge to users having the latest bandwidth. It has been into prominent use recently with mobile internet connections expanding their base.

Answer: HTML sheet methods is collaborated with CSS and used accordingly.

Answer: As images being inline elements are treated same as texts, so there is a gap left, which can be   removed by: CSS img { display: block ; }

Answer: Alternate Style Sheets allows the user to select the style in which the page is displayed using the view>page style menu. Through Alternate Style Sheet, user can see a multiple version of the page on their needs and preferences.

Answer: All of the correct CSS variations are:.noselect { -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;}<p> Selectable text.</p><p class="noselect"> Unselectable text.</p>

Answer: Below is the best all-around solution build to vertically & horizontally center a fixed-width, flexible height content box. Tested and working for recent versions of FF, Opera, Chrome, & Safari, and MSIE 6+. HTML <div class="outer"><div class="middle"><div class="inner"> <h1>The Content</h1> <p>Once upon a midnight dreary...</p> </div></div></div>CSS .outer { display: table; position: absolute; height: 100%; width: 100%;} .middle { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;} .inner { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: /*whatever width you want*/;}To accommodate f...

Answer: There are two different things here: the style of the iframe block and the style of the page embedded in the iframe. You can set the style of the iframe block the usual way: <iframe name='iframe1' id="iframe1" src="empty.htm" frameborder="0" border="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-style: none;width: 100%; height: 120px;"></iframe> The style of the page embedded in the iframe must be either set by including it in the child page: <link type="text/css" rel="Stylesheet" href="Style/simple.css" /> Or it can be loaded from the parent page with Javascript: var cssLink = document.createElement("link") cssLink.href = "style.css"; cs...

Answer: Sticky footer on Google: Have a <div> with class="wrapper" for your content. Right before the closing </div> of the wrapper place the <div class="push"></div>. Right after the closing </div> of the wrapper place the <div class="footer"></div>. * { margin: 0;}html, body { height: 100%;}.wrapper { min-height: 100%; height: auto !important; height: 100%; margin: 0 auto -142px; /* the bottom margin is the negative value of the footer's height */}.footer, .push { height: 142px; /* .push must be the same height as .footer */}

Answer: Advantages of CSS: Easier to maintain and update. Greater consistency in design. More formatting options. Lightweight code.  

Answer:  It was released on December 17, 1996; 24 years ago A short history of CSS until 2016. [Much of this content showed up before as section 20 of the book Cascading Style Sheets – structuring for the Web.] The adventure of CSS begins in 1994. Håkon Wium Lie works at CERN – the support of the Web – and the Web is beginning to be utilized as a stage for electronic distributing.

Answer: Håkon Wium Lie; Bert Bos; World Wide Web Consortium.   CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once External stylesheets are stored in CSS files  

Answer: A CSS selector is the part of a CSS ruleset that actually selects the content you want to style. Different types of selectors are listed below. Universal Selector: The universal selector works like a wildcard character, selecting all elements on a page. In the given example, the provided styles will get applied to all the elements on the page. * { color: "green"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 25px; } Element Type Selector: This selector matches one or more HTML elements of the same name. In the given example, the provided styles will get applied to all the ul elements on the page. ul { line-style: none; border: solid 1px #ccc; } ID ...

Answer: It’s a CSS unit used to measure the height and width in percentage with respect to the viewport. It is used mainly in responsive design techniques. The measure VH is equal to 1/100 of the height of the viewport. If the height of the browser is 1000px, 1vh is equal to 10px. Similarly, if the width is 1000px, then 1 vw is equal to 10px.

Answer: Reset CSS: CSS resets aim to remove all built-in browser styling. For example margins, paddings, font-sizes of all elements are reset to be the same.  Normalize CSS: Normalize CSS aims to make built-in browser styling consistent across browsers. It also corrects bugs for common browser dependencies.

Answer: Block Element: The block elements always start on a new line. They will also take space for an entire row or width. List of block elements are <div>, <p>. Inline Elements: Inline elements don't start on a new line, they appear on the same line as the content and tags beside them. Some examples of inline elements are <a>, <span> , <strong>, and <img> tags.  Inline Block Elements: Inline-block elements are similar to inline elements, except they can have padding and margins added on all four sides.

Answer: It’s most important to test a website in different browsers when you’re first designing it, or when making major changes. However, it’s also important to repeat these tests periodically, since browsers go through a lot of updates and changes.

Answer: There are different ways to specify units in CSS like px, em, pt, percentage (%). px(Pixel) gives fine-grained control and maintains alignment because 1 px or multiple of 1 px is guaranteed to look sharp. px is not cascade. em maintains relative size. you can have responsive fonts. Em, will cascade 1em is equal to the current font-size of the element or the browser default. If u sent font-size to 16px then 1em = 16px. The common practice is to set default body font-size to 62.5% (equal to 10px). pt(point) are traditionally used in print. 1pt = 1/72 inch and it is a fixed-size unit. %(percentage) sets font-size relative to the font size of the...

Answer: Reflow is the name of the web browser process for re-calculating the positions and geometries of elements in the document, for the purpose of re-rendering part or all of the document.  Reflow occurs when: Insert, remove or update an element in the DOM. Modify content on the page, e.g. the text in an input box. Move a DOM element. Animate a DOM element. Take measurements of an element such as offsetHeight or getComputedStyle. Change a CSS style.

Answer: The box-sizing CSS property sets how the total width and height of an element are calculated. Content-box: The default width and height values apply to the element's content only. The padding and border are added to the outside of the box. Padding-box: Width and height values apply to the element's content and its padding. The border is added to the outside of the box. Currently, only Firefox supports the padding-box value. Border-box: Width and height values apply to the content, padding, and border.

Answer: The four types of @media properties are: All → It’s the default property. Used for all media-type devices. Screen → Used for computer screen, mobile screen. Print → Used for printers. Speech → Used for screen readers.

Answer: Accessibility refers to how software or hardware combinations are designed to make a system accessible to persons with disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing loss, or limited dexterity. For example, a website developed with accessibility in mind might have text-to-speech capabilities. In the USA public websites have to have accessible compliance. It’s defined in 508 compliance. It gives the guidelines and best practices for all website users that should be met with key areas of accessibility.

Answer: The style is having the important will have the highest precedence and it overrides the cascaded property.  p {   color: red !important;  }  #thing {   color: green;  }    <p id="thing">Will be RED.</p>

Answer:  The differences between CSS2 and CSS3 are as follows: CSS3 is divided into two various sections which are called a module. Whereas in CSS2 everything accedes into a single document with all the information in it. CSS3 modules are supported almost on every browser and on the other hand modules of CSS and CSS2 are not supported in every browser. In CSS3, we will find that many graphics related characteristics have been introduced like Border-radius or box-shadow, flexbox. In CSS3, a user can precise multiple background images on a webpage by using properties like background-image, background-position, and background-repeat styles.

Answer:  External style sheet is very useful as we write all the styling codes in a single file and it can be used anywhere by just referring to the link of that external style sheet file. So, if we do any changes in that external file, then the changes can also be observed on the webpage. Thus we can say that it is very useful and it makes your work easy while working on larger files.

Answer:  It is a method in which we design and develop a web page according to the user activities and conditions which are based on various components like the size of the screen, portability of the web page on the different devices, etc. It is done by using different flexible layouts and grids.

Answer: CSS specificity is a score or rank that decides which style declaration has to be used to an element. (*) this universal selector has low specificity while ID selectors have high specificity. There are four categories in CSS which authorize the specificity level of the selector. Inline style IDs Classes, Attributes, and pseudo-classes. Elements and pseudo-elements.