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A bird with yellow and black wings, a white tail, and a yellow head, flying towards a tree
Female great hornbill

Hornbills are birds in the families Bucerotidae (the arboreal hornbills) and Bucorvidae (the ground hornbills), which are characterised by their large bills. Hornbills are found in tropical Asia and Africa,[1] and most live in tropical and sub-tropical forests, or savannahs.[1][2] Hornbills usually have casques on their beaks and colourful feathers. Arboreal hornbills nest in tree cavities, in which females seal themselves during incubation. Hornbills are mostly carnivorous, though they also consume fruits.[1]

Most hornbill species have declining populations. African hornbill species are threatened by habitat loss, logging, hunting, and climate change.[1] Two species are considered critically endangered, six are endangered, seventeen are vulnerable, six are near threatened, and thirty-one are of least concern.[2] The species with the smallest estimated population is the critically endangered Sulu hornbill, estimated to number fewer than fifty mature individuals.[3] The species with the largest estimated population is the vulnerable Palawan hornbill, which numbers up to fifty thousand mature individuals.[4]

The number of extant hornbill species is around sixty, though the exact number is disputed due to taxonomic disagreements.[1] As of 2026, the International Ornithologists' Union recognises sixty-four extant species in sixteen genera. Bucorvidae contains two species in one genus and Bucerotidae contains sixty-two species in fifteen genera. The hornbills are most closely related to hoopoes (Upupidae) and wood hoopoes (Phoeniculidae). These families comprise the order Bucerotiformes.[5] Species of fossil hornbills are known from the Miocene onward, however, the fossil record of the taxon is poor.[6]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically endangered (2 species)
 EN Endangered (6 species)
 VU Vulnerable (17 species)
 NT Near threatened (6 species)
 LC Least concern (31 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hornbill's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted.[5] Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 15.1 of the IOC World Bird List.[5] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[a] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[8] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

[edit]

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 64 species of hornbills across two families and sixteen genera.[5] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Bucerotidae

Bucorvus – ground hornbills, 2 species

Lophoceros – 8 species

Tockus – 10 species

Berenicornis – white-crowned hornbill

Horizocerus – 4 species

Ceratogymna – 2 species

Bycanistes – 6 species

Rhinoplax – helmeted hornbill

Buceros – 3 species

Anorrhinus – 3 species

Ocyceros – 3 species

Anthracoceros – 5 species

Aceros – rufous-necked hornbill

Rhyticeros – 6 species

Rhabdotorrhinus – 4 species

Penelopides – 5 species

Cladogram depicting relationships among the hornbills, based on a 2013 study of molecular phylogenetic data.[9]

Hornbills

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Bucorvidae

[edit]
Genus Bucorvus – Lesson, 1830 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian ground hornbill

A black bird with a red neck, standing on a rock

 B. abyssinicus
(Boddaert, 1783)		 Africa
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[10]
Southern ground hornbill

A black bird with black and white wings, and a red neck, standing on a rock

 B. leadbeateri
(Vigors, 1825)		 Southern and East Africa
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population steady[11]

Bucerotidae

[edit]
Genus Tockus – Lesson, R. P., 1830 – 10 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tanzanian red-billed hornbill

A white bird with brown wings, a long brown tail, and a red beak, standing on the ground

 T. ruahae
Kemp and Delport, 2002		 Central Tanzania  NE 

Unknown Unknown
Western red-billed hornbill

A white bird with brown wings, a long brown tail, and a bright red beak, standing on the ground

 T. kempi
Tréca & Érard, 2000		 West Africa  NE 

Unknown Unknown
Damara red-billed hornbill

A white bird with a long tail and a red beak, perched in a tree

 T. damarensis
(Shelley, 1888)		 Southern Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[12]
Southern red-billed hornbill

A bird with a grey head, white stomach, and a bright red beak, perched in a tree

 T. rufirostris
(Sundevall, 1850)		 Southern Africa  NE 

Unknown Unknown
Northern red-billed hornbill

A white bird with brown wings and a bright red beak, perched in a tree

 T. erythrorhynchus
(Temminck, 1823)		 Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[13]
Monteiro's hornbill

A bird with a dark brown head, brown wings, and a red beak, perched in a tree

 T. monteiri
Hartlaub, 1865		 Angola and Namibia
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[14]
Von der Decken's hornbill

A white bird with black wings, a black tail, and a red and yellow beak, perched in a tree

 T. deckeni
(Cabanis, 1868)		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[15]
Jackson's hornbill

Two white birds with black wings, one with a bright red beak, perched on a wall

 T. jacksoni
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[16]
Southern yellow-billed hornbill

A grey and white bird with a yellow beak, perched on a low branch

 T. leucomelas
(Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1842)

Two subspecies
  • T. l. elegans
  • T. l. leucomelas
Southern Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[17]
Eastern yellow-billed hornbill

A white bird with black wings, a black tail, and a bright yellow beak, perched in a tree

 T. flavirostris
(Rüppell, 1835)		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[18]
Genus Lophoceros – Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833 – 8 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Bradfield's hornbill

A brown bird with a red beak, perched on a post

 L. bradfieldi
(Roberts, 1930)		 Southern Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[19]
Crowned hornbill

A black bird with a white stomach and a red beak, perched on a branch

 L. alboterminatus
Büttikofer, 1889		 Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[20]
West African pied hornbill

A black bird with a white stomach, yellow beak with a black tip, and a long black tail, perched in a tree

 L. semifasciatus
(Hartlaub, 1855)		 West Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[21]
Congo pied hornbill

A black bird with a pale yellow bill and white stomach, perched on a branch

 L. fasciatus
(Shaw, 1812)		 Central Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Unknown[22]
Hemprich's hornbill

A grey bird with a white stomach, perched in a tree

 L. hemprichii
(Ehrenberg, 1833)		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[23]
African grey hornbill

A greyish brown bird perched in a tree

 L. nasutus
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Two subspecies
  • L. n. nasutus
  • L. n. epirhinus
Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[24]
Red-billed dwarf hornbill

An illustration of a grey bird with a white stomach and red beak, perched on a branch

 L. camurus
(Cassin, 1857)		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[25]
Pale-billed hornbill

A grey bird with a yellow beak, perched in a tree

 L. pallidirostris
(Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870)

Two subspecies
  • L. p. pallidirostris
  • L. p. neumanni
Southern Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[26]
Genus Bycanistes – Cabanis and Heine, 1860 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Piping hornbill

A black bird with a white underside and white beak, perched on a branch

 B. fistulator
(Cassin, 1850)

Three subspecies
  • B. f. fistulator
  • B. f. sharpii
  • B. f. duboisi
West and Central Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[27]
Trumpeter hornbill

A black and white bird perched on a branch. The beak has a large casque

 B. bucinator
(Temminck, 1824)		 Southern and East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[28]
Brown-cheeked hornbill

Illustration of two birds perched on branches. One has a yellow beak, black body, and white tail, and the other has a grey beak, black body, and white tail.

 B. cylindricus
(Temminck, 1831)		 West Africa
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[29]
White-thighed hornbill

An illustration of two black birds, with white legs and tails, and yellow beaks, perched on branches.

 B. albotibialis
(Cassin and Reichenow, 1877)		 Central Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[30]
Black-and-white-casqued hornbill

A black and white bird with a large protuberance in its beak, perched on a tree branch

 B. subcylindricus
(Sclater, P. L., 1871)

Two subspecies
  • B. s. subcylindricus
  • B. s. subquadratus
Central and West Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[31]
Silvery-cheeked hornbill

A black bird with a white tail and yellow beak, perched on a branch. The beak has a large protuberance on the top.

 B. brevis
Friedmann, 1929		 East Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[32]
Genus Ceratogymna – Bonaparte, 1854 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black-casqued hornbill

Two black birds, one with a brown head, perched on a branch.

 C. atrata
(Temminck, 1835)		 West and Central Africa
Map of range		  NT 

Unknown Population declining[33]
Yellow-casqued hornbill

A black bird with a brown head, blue face, and pale yellow beak, perched on a branch

 C. elata
(Temminck, 1831)		 West and Central Africa
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[34]
Genus Horizocerus – Oberholser, 1899 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Western dwarf hornbill

An illustration of a black bird with a grey beak, and a white stripe on the head, perched on a branch

 H. hartlaubi
(Gould, 1861)		 Central and West Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[35]
White-crested hornbill

A black bird with a white head, perched on a ledge

 H. albocristatus
(Cassin, 1848)

Three subspecies
  • H. a. albocristatus
  • H. a. macrourus
Central and West Africa
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[36]
Eastern dwarf hornbill

Two grey birds in a tree, one with its wings spread, stood on top of the other

 H. granti
(Hartert, 1895)		 Democratic Republic of the Congo and east central Republic of the Congo to west Uganda
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[37]
Eastern long-tailed hornbill

A black bird with a white-created head, preched in a tree

 H. cassini
(Finsch, 1895)		 Nigeria to north Angola and west Uganda
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[38]
Genus Berenicornis – Bonaparte, 1850 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-crowned hornbill

A white bird with a grey beak and black wings, perched in a tree

 B. comatus
(Raffles, 1822)		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  EN 

Unknown Population declining[39]
Genus Buceros – Linnaeus, 1758 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rhinoceros hornbill

A black bird with a white tail. The beak is white, and has a large red protuberance on top. The bird is perched in a tree

 B. rhinoceros
Linnaeus, 1758

Three subspecies
  • B. r. borneoensis
  • B. r. rhinoceros
  • B. r. silvestris
Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[40]
Great hornbill

A black and white bird with a yellow head and beak, perched on a branch. The beak is bright yellow, amd the head has a large yellow protuberance on top

 B. bicornis
Linnaeus, 1758		 South and Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

13,000–27,000 Population declining[41]
Rufous hornbill

A bird with a brown head, black wings, and a bright red beak. The beak has a large red protuberance on top. The bird is perched on a branch

 B. hydrocorax
Linnaeus, 1766

Three subspecies
  • B. h. hydrocorax
  • B. h. semigaleatus
  • B. h. mindanensis[b]
Philippines
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[43]
Genus Rhinoplax – Gloger, 1841 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Helmeted hornbill

A black bird with a large orange beak, perched on a branch. The beak has a lump on the top.

 R. vigil
(Pennant, 1781)		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  CR 

Unknown Population declining[44]
Genus Anthracoceros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Palawan hornbill

A black bird with a white tail, head, and beak, perched in a tree. the beak has a white casque on top.

 A. marchei
Oustalet, 1885		 Palawan and surrounding islands
Map of range		  VU 

20,000–49,999 Population declining[4]
Oriental pied hornbill

Two black and white birds with pale yellow beaks, perched on a wire. The beaks have pale yellow casques

 A. albirostris
(Shaw, 1808)

Two subspecies
  • A. a. albirostris
  • A. a. convexus
South and Southeast Asia
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[45]
Malabar pied hornbill

A black bird with a yellow beak, perched on a tree branch

 A. coronatus
(Boddaert, 1783)		 India and Sri Lanka
Map of range		  NT 

7,200–25,000 Population declining[3]
Sulu hornbill

Illustration of a black bird with a white tail and a grey beak, perched in a tree. The beak has a protuberance on top.

 A. montani
(Oustalet, 1880)		 Sulu Archipelago
Map of range		  CR 

1–49 Population declining[46]
Black hornbill

Two black birds perched on a branch. One has a black beak, and the other has a white beak with a pointed protuberance on top.

 A. malayanus
(Raffles, 1822)		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[47]
Genus Ocyceros – Hume, 1873 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Malabar grey hornbill

Two grey birds on a branch, one with a white beak, and the other with a yellow beak

 O. griseus
(Latham, 1790)		 Southwestern India
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[48]
Sri Lanka grey hornbill

A dark grey bird with a yellow beak, perched in a tree

 O. gingalensis
(Shaw, 1812)		 Sri Lanka
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[49]
Indian grey hornbill

A pale grey bird with a red eye, among leaves and berries

 O. birostris
(Scopoli, 1786)		 India and Nepal
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population steady[50]
Genus Anorrhinus – Reichenbach, 1849 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tickell's brown hornbill

Two brown birds with black wings, perched in a tree

 A. tickelli
(Blyth, 1855)		 Myanmar and Thailand
Map of range		  NT 

2,500–9,999 Population declining[51]
Austen's brown hornbill

A brown bird with black wings, in flight beside a tree

 A. austeni
Jerdon, 1872		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  NT 

Unknown Population declining[52]
Bushy-crested hornbill

A black bird perched on a branch

 A. galeritus
(Temminck, 1831)		 Southeast India
Map of range		  NT 

Unknown Population declining[53]
Genus Aceros – Hodgson, 1844 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rufous-necked hornbill

A black bird with a white tail, reddish-brown head, and pale yellow beak, perched on the side of a tree

 A. nipalensis
(Vigors, 1825)		 Northwest India and Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

7,000–10,000 Population declining[54]
Genus Rhyticeros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Blyth's hornbill

A black bird with a reddish-brown head and pale yellow beak, perched on a branch

 R. plicatus
(Pennant, 1781)		 Maluku Islands and Oceania
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[55]
Narcondam hornbill

A black bird with a reddish-brown head and pale yellow beak, sitting in a tree

 R. narcondami
Hume, 1873		 Narcondam Island  VU 

300–650 Population steady[56]
Wreathed hornbill

A black bird with a white face and white beak, perched in a tree.

 R. undulatus
(Shaw, 1811)		 South and Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[57]
Sumba hornbill

The head of a bird with a black face, blue neck, and a yellow, red, and white beak

 R. everetti
Rothschild, 1898		 Sumba Island
Map of range		  EN 

1,000–2,000 Population declining[58]
Plain-pouched hornbill

Illustration of two birds perched on branches. One is black with a yellow beak, and the other has black wings, a white tail, a yellow head, and a bright yellow beak

 R. subruficollis
(Blyth, 1843)		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  VU 

2,500–5,000 Population declining[59]
Knobbed hornbill

A bird with black wings, a brown head, a yellow beak, and a red protuberance on its head, perched in a tree

 R. cassidix
(Temminck, 1823)		 Sulawesi and surrounding islands
Map of range		  VU 

Unknown Population declining[60]
Genus Rhabdotorrhinus – Meyer, A. B. and Wiglesworth, 1898 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Walden's hornbill

A bird with a black body, white tail, pale brown head, and bright red beak, perched in a tree

 R. waldeni
(Sharpe, 1877)		 Panay and Negros  EN 

1,000–3,000 Population declining[61]
Writhed hornbill

The pale brown head of a bird. It has a red beak and bright red skin around the eyes

 R. leucocephalus
(Vieillot, 1816)		 Mindanao  NT 

Unknown Population declining[62]
Sulawesi hornbill

Two birds perched on a branch. One is entirely black, and the other has black wings, a yellow face, and a yellow beak

 R. exarhatus
(Temminck, 1823)

Two subspecies
  • R. e. exarhatus
  • R. e. sanfordi
Sulawesi  VU 

Unknown Population declining[63]
Wrinkled hornbill

A bird with a yellow beak, yellow face, black body, and a white tail, perched on a tree branch

 R. corrugatus
(Temminck, 1832)		 Southeast Asia
Map of range		  EN 

Unknown Population declining[64]
Genus Penelopides – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Luzon hornbill

A bird with a white head, black wings, and a yellow and black striped beak, perched in a tree

 P. manillae
(Boddaert, 1783)

Two subspecies
  • P. m. manillae
  • P. m. sanfordi
Luzon and surrounding islands
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[65]
Mindoro hornbill

A bird with black wings and a white front, perched on a branch

 P. mindorensis
Steere, 1890		 Mindoro
Map of range		  EN 

250–999 Population declining[66]
Mindanao hornbill

An illustration of three birds perched on tree branches. They are pale yellow, and have black wings, and red beaks. The tail is black with a yellow stripe.

 P. affinis
Tweeddale, 1877

Two subspecies
  • P. a. affinis
  • P. a. basilanicus
Mindanao and surrounding islands
Map of range		  LC 

Unknown Population declining[67]
Samar hornbill

A bird with black wings, a white head, and an orange beak and tail. It is perched in a tree.

 P. samarensis
Steere, 1890		 Eastern Visayas  NE 

Unknown Unknown
Visayan hornbill

A white bird with black wings, perched in a tree

 P. panini
(Boddaert, 1783)

Two subspecies
  • P. p. ticaensis
  • P. p. panini
Western Visayas
Map of range		  EN 

1,200 Population declining[68]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[7]
  2. ↑ The IUCN lists Buceros mindanensis as a distinct species.[42]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Lado, Thomas Francis; Charles, Faith Poni; Morjan, Malik Doka; Demaya, Gift Simon; Lokonga Dickson, Jackob; Abdallah Gordon, Shazalli; Battisti, Corrado; Luiselli, Luca (7 May 2025). "Conservation status and threat assessment of the charismatic African hornbills: a conceptual framework and implications for conservation". Biodiversity. 26 (3): 200–213. doi:10.1080/14888386.2025.2488924. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Search for "Hornbills"". IUCNRedList.org. IUCN Red List. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  3. 1 2 BirdLife International (2025). "Anthracoceros coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682433A184946848. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682433A184946848.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  4. 1 2 BirdLife International (2021). "Anthracoceros marchei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22682444A205515479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682444A205515479.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Mousebirds, cuckoo roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  6. ↑ Riamon, Ségolène; Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Louchart, Antoide (4 December 2020). Voelker, Gary (ed.). "Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern-type beak". Ibis. 163 (2): 715–721. doi:10.1111/ibi.12907. Retrieved 17 June 2026. The fossil record of hornbills is sparse and relatively controversial (Olson 1985). The oldest valid hornbill specimens belong to Bucorvus brailloni (Brunet 1971) from the middle Miocene
  7. ↑ "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  8. ↑ Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Clements Checklist. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  9. ↑ Gonzalez, J.-C.T.; Sheldon, B.C.; Collar, N.J.; Tobias, J.A. (2013). "A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 468–483. Bibcode:2013MolPE..67..468G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.012. PMID 23438388. See also the correction: Gonzalez, J.-C.T.; Sheldon, B.C.; Collar, N.J.; Tobias, J.A. (2013). "Corrigendum to "A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)" [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67 (2013) 468–483]". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (3): 715. Bibcode:2013MolPE..68..715G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.008.
  10. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Bucorvus abyssinicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682632A132204438. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682632A132204438.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Bucorvus leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682638A266675349. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682638A266675349.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus damarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22725940A263596226. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725940A263596226.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus erythrorhynchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22725930A263597040. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725930A263597040.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus monteiri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682367A263679164. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682367A263679164.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus deckeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682392A263683910. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682392A263683910.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus jacksoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682388A263683500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682388A263683500.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Tockus leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682384A263685196. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682384A263685196.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Tockus flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682379A282171331. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682379A282171331.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  19. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Lophoceros bradfieldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682400A282141093. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682400A282141093.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  20. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Lophoceros alboterminatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682396A263682161. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682396A263682161.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Lophoceros semifasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T61612971A276827066. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T61612971A276827066.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  22. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Lophoceros fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T61612961A263611846. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T61612961A263611846.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros hemprichii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682409A130080934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682409A130080934.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Lophoceros nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682413A264070613. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682413A264070613.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros camurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682363A130080398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682363A130080398.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Lophoceros pallidirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682417A263675170. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682417A263675170.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes fistulator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22725962A132234122. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22725962A132234122.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes bucinator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682548A130081383. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682548A130081383.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes cylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682585A129918692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682585A129918692.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Bycanistes albotibialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682609A264023462. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682609A264023462.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  31. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Bycanistes subcylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682577A277506164. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682577A277506164.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  32. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes brevis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682570A130081772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682570A130081772.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  33. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Ceratogymna atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682621A277507175. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682621A277507175.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  34. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Ceratogymna elata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682627A280610032. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682627A280610032.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  35. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Horizocerus hartlaubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22727003A263960654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727003A263960654.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  36. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Horizocerus albocristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22725946A277507694. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22725946A277507694.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  37. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Horizocerus granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22727013A263998970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727013A263998970.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  38. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Horizocerus cassini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22725956A263963482. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725956A263963482.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  39. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Berenicornis comatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682507A132272549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682507A132272549.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  40. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros rhinoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682450A184960407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682450A184960407.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  41. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros bicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682453A184603863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682453A184603863.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  42. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros mindanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22727029A184597693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727029A184597693.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  43. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros hydrocorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22727019A184595905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727019A184595905.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  44. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhinoplax vigil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682464A184587039. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  45. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682437A184925767. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682437A184925767.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  46. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros montani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682447A178062684. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682447A178062684.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  47. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anthracoceros malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682441A132372259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682441A132372259.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  48. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682421A182384253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682421A182384253.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  49. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros gingalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682425A184955003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682425A184955003.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  50. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros birostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682429A184951065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682429A184951065.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  51. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Anorrhinus tickelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22731946A183158357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22731946A183158357.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  52. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anorrhinus austeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22731941A131871758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22731941A131871758.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  53. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Anorrhinus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682485A177973137. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682485A177973137.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  54. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Aceros nipalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682510A176267243. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682510A176267243.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  55. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros plicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682544A184674368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682544A184674368.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  56. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros narcondami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682531A182554475. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682531A182554475.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  57. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Rhyticeros undulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682528A132400385. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682528A132400385.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  58. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros everetti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682535A184201170. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682535A184201170.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  59. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Rhyticeros subruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682541A207290329. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682541A207290329.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  60. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Rhyticeros cassidix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22682525A258476814. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22682525A258476814.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  61. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22682517A274594116. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22682517A274594116.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  62. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682522A184689600. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682522A184689600.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  63. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22682504A210091404. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22682504A210091404.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  64. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22682514A132244524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682514A132244524.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  65. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Penelopides manillae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682488A184676809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682488A184676809.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  66. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Penelopides mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682491A184680868. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682491A184680868.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  67. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Penelopides affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T61623294A184679044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61623294A184679044.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  68. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Penelopides panini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682494A184683355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682494A184683355.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
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