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Ross Stores operates as an off-price apparel and accessories retailer with the majority of its sales derived from its Ross Dress for Less banner. The firm opportunistically procures excess brand-name merchandise made available via manufacturing overruns and retail liquidation sales at a 20%-60% discount to full prices. As such, its stores are often filled with a vast array of stock-keeping units, each with minimal product depth that creates a treasure hunt shopping experience. The firm’s more than 1,750 Ross Dress for Less stores are primarily located in densely populated suburban communities and typically serve middle-income consumers. Ross also operates nearly 350 DD's Discounts chains that target lower-income shoppers.

Dada Nexus is a leading crowdsourced delivery service in China. The company has two core businesses, Dada Now, which is an on-demand delivery platform that provides last-mile and intracity services; and JD Daojia, or JDDJ, which is an online on-demand retail platform that connects consumers to merchants with its delivery capabilities. As of 2022, Dada Now accounted for 34% of revenue while JDDJ accounted for the rest. JDDJ and Dada Nexus merged in 2016, where JD.com received 47.4% ownership of the merged entity in exchange for its JDDJ business. As of June 2023, JD.com and Walmart Inc own 53.9% and 9.3% of Dada Nexus, respectively. Dada Nexus competes with other logistics companies such as SF Intra-City, with Didi in its delivery business, and with Meituan in its on-demand retail segment.

The RealReal is the largest pure-play luxury resale platform in the US, generating $1.7 billion in 2023 gross merchandise volume and addressing a niche (personal luxury resale) that had previously been serviced by inefficient upscale boutiques and local pawn shops. The company generates revenue via consignment and first-party sales on its online marketplace, and through a small volume of direct sales. With a hands-on approach that actively sources inventory and authenticates every item on its platform, The RealReal is able to justify much higher take rates than peers, working out to roughly 34% of net merchandise value, which excludes returns, cancellations, and first-party sales.

TJX Companies is the leading off-price retailer of apparel, accessories, and home merchandise in the United States. The firm leverages its more than 21,000 global vendor relationships to procure and sell brand-name merchandise at prices 20%-60% cheaper than conventional retail channels. TJX opportunistically purchases excess inventory that stems from manufacturing overruns and retail closeout sales. The off-price retailer disperses its vast and disparate merchandise across its 4,950 global stores, creating a treasure-hunt shopping experience for consumers. Over three quarters of TJX’s sales are derived from the United States, primarily via the T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, and HomeGoods banners. About 10% of sales are from Canada and 12% from Europe and Australia.