Rearrange positive and negative numbers with constant extra space

Given an array of positive and negative numbers, arrange them such that all negative integers appear before all the positive integers in the array without using any additional data structure like hash table, arrays, etc. The order of appearance should be maintained.

Examples:

Input:  [12 11 -13 -5 6 -7 5 -3 -6]
Output: [-13 -5 -7 -3 -6 12 11 6 5]

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

A simple solution is to use another array. We copy all elements of original array to new array. We then traverse the new array and copy all negative and positive elements back in original array one by one. This approach is discussed here. The problem with this approach is that it uses auxiliary array and we’re not allowed to use any data structure to solve this problem.

One approach that does not use any data structure is to use use partition process of QuickSort. The idea is to consider 0 as pivot and divide the array around it. The problem with this approach is that it changes relative order of elements. The similar partition process is discussed here .

Let’s now discuss few methods which do not use any other data structure and also preserves relative order of elements.

Approach 1: Modified Insertion Sort

We can modify insertion sort to solve this problem.

Algorithm –

Loop from i = 1 to n - 1.
  a) If the current element is positive, do nothing.
  b) If the current element arr[i] is negative, we 
     insert it into sequence arr[0..i-1] such that 
     all positive elements in arr[0..i-1] are shifted 
     one position to their right and arr[i] is inserted
     at index of first positive element.

Below is the implementation –

C++

// C++ program to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
#include <stdio.h> 
  
// A utility function to print an array of size n 
void printArray(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        printf("%d ", arr[i]); 
    printf("\n"); 
} 
  
// Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    int key, j; 
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
        key = arr[i]; 
  
        // if current element is positive 
        // do nothing 
        if (key > 0) 
            continue; 
  
        /* if current element is negative, 
        shift positive elements of arr[0..i-1], 
        to one position to their right */
        j = i - 1; 
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > 0) { 
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]; 
            j = j - 1; 
        } 
  
        // Put negative element at its right position 
        arr[j + 1] = key; 
    } 
} 
  
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); 
  
    RearrangePosNeg(arr, n); 
    printArray(arr, n); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to Rearrange positive 
// and negative numbers in a array 
import java.io.*; 
  
class GFG { 
    // A utility function to print 
    // an array of size n 
    static void printArray(int arr[], int n) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); 
        System.out.println(); 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int n) 
    { 
        int key, j; 
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
            key = arr[i]; 
  
            // if current element is positive 
            // do nothing 
            if (key > 0) 
                continue; 
  
            /* if current element is negative, 
            shift positive elements of arr[0..i-1], 
            to one position to their right */
            j = i - 1; 
            while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > 0) { 
                arr[j + 1] = arr[j]; 
                j = j - 1; 
            } 
  
            // Put negative element at its right position 
            arr[j + 1] = key; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver program 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int n = arr.length; 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, n); 
        printArray(arr, n); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

Python 3

# Python 3 program to Rearrange positive  
# and negative numbers in a array 
  
# A utility function to print  
# an array of size n 
def printArray(arr, n): 
    for i in range(n): 
        print(arr[i], end = " ") 
    print() 
  
# Function to Rearrange positive  
# and negative numbers in a array 
def RearrangePosNeg(arr, n): 
  
    for i in range(1, n): 
        key = arr[i] 
  
        # if current element is positive 
        # do nothing 
        if (key > 0): 
            continue
  
        ''' if current element is negative, 
        shift positive elements of arr[0..i-1], 
        to one position to their right '''
        j = i - 1
        while (j >= 0 and arr[j] > 0): 
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j] 
            j = j - 1
  
        # Put negative element at its  
        # right position 
        arr[j + 1] = key 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    arr = [ -12, 11, -13, -5,  
            6, -7, 5, -3, -6 ] 
    n = len(arr) 
  
    RearrangePosNeg(arr, n) 
    printArray(arr, n) 
  
# This code is contributed 
# by ChitraNayal 

C#

// C# program to Rearrange positive 
// and negative numbers in a array 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
  
    // A utility function to print 
    // an array of size n 
    static void printArray(int[] arr, int n) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " "); 
        Console.WriteLine(); 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int[] arr, int n) 
    { 
        int key, j; 
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
            key = arr[i]; 
  
            // if current element is positive 
            // do nothing 
            if (key > 0) 
                continue; 
  
            /* if current element is negative, 
            shift positive elements of arr[0..i-1], 
            to one position to their right */
            j = i - 1; 
            while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > 0) { 
                arr[j + 1] = arr[j]; 
                j = j - 1; 
            } 
  
            // Put negative element at its right position 
            arr[j + 1] = key; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver program 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        int[] arr = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, 
                      -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int n = arr.Length; 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, n); 
        printArray(arr, n); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to Rearrange positive  
// and negative numbers in a array 
// A utility function to print  
// an array of size n 
function printArray($arr, $n) 
{ 
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) 
        echo($arr[$i] . " "); 
} 
  
// Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
function RearrangePosNeg(&$arr, $n) 
{ 
    $key; $j; 
    for($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++) 
    { 
        $key = $arr[$i]; 
  
        // if current element is positive 
        // do nothing 
        if ($key > 0) 
            continue; 
  
        /* if current element is negative, 
        shift positive elements of arr[0..i-1], 
        to one position to their right */
        $j = $i - 1; 
        while ($j >= 0 && $arr[$j] > 0) 
        { 
            $arr[$j + 1] = $arr[$j]; 
            $j = $j - 1; 
        } 
  
        // Put negative element at its right position 
        $arr[$j + 1] = $key; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver program  
{ 
    $arr = array( -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 ); 
    $n = sizeof($arr); 
    RearrangePosNeg($arr, $n); 
    printArray($arr, $n); 
  
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Code_Mech. 

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Time complexity of above solution is O(n²) and auxiliary space is O(1). We have maintained the order of appearance and have not used any other data structure.

Approach 2: Optimized Merge Sort
Merge method of standard merge sort algorithm can be modified to solve this problem. While merging two sorted halves say left and right, we need to merge in such a way that negative part of left and right sub-array is copied first followed by positive part of left and right sub-array.

Below is the implementation of the idea –

C++

// C++ program to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
/* Function to print an array */
void printArray(int A[], int size) 
{ 
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
        cout << A[i] << " "; 
    cout << endl; 
} 
  
// Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
// First subarray is arr[l..m] 
// Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
{ 
    int i, j, k; 
    int n1 = m - l + 1; 
    int n2 = r - m; 
  
    /* create temp arrays */
    int L[n1], R[n2]; 
  
    /* Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] */
    for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) 
        L[i] = arr[l + i]; 
    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) 
        R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j]; 
  
    /* Merge the temp arrays back into arr[l..r]*/
    i = 0; // Initial index of first subarray 
    j = 0; // Initial index of second subarray 
    k = l; // Initial index of merged subarray 
  
    // Note the order of appearance of elements should 
    // be maintained - we copy elements of left subarray 
    // first followed by that of right subarray 
  
    // copy negative elements of left subarray 
    while (i < n1 && L[i] < 0) 
        arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
    // copy negative elements of right subarray 
    while (j < n2 && R[j] < 0) 
        arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
  
    // copy positive elements of left subarray 
    while (i < n1) 
        arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
    // copy positive elements of right subarray 
    while (j < n2) 
        arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
} 
  
// Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int l, int r) 
{ 
    if (l < r) { 
        // Same as (l + r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
        // large l and h 
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
        // Sort first and second halves 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
        merge(arr, l, m, r); 
    } 
} 
  
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
    int arr_size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); 
  
    RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
  
    printArray(arr, arr_size); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to Rearrange positive 
// and negative numbers in a array 
import java.io.*; 
  
class GFG { 
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int A[], int size) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
            System.out.print(A[i] + " "); 
        System.out.println(); 
    } 
  
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
    // First subarray is arr[l..m] 
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
    static void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
    { 
        int i, j, k; 
        int n1 = m - l + 1; 
        int n2 = r - m; 
  
        /* create temp arrays */
        int L[] = new int[n1]; 
        int R[] = new int[n2]; 
  
        /* Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] */
        for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) 
            L[i] = arr[l + i]; 
        for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) 
            R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j]; 
  
        /* Merge the temp arrays back into arr[l..r]*/
        // Initial index of first subarray 
        i = 0; 
  
        // Initial index of second subarray 
        j = 0; 
  
        // Initial index of merged subarray 
        k = l; 
  
        // Note the order of appearance of elements should 
        // be maintained - we copy elements of left subarray 
        // first followed by that of right subarray 
  
        // copy negative elements of left subarray 
        while (i < n1 && L[i] < 0) 
            arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
        // copy negative elements of right subarray 
        while (j < n2 && R[j] < 0) 
            arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
  
        // copy positive elements of left subarray 
        while (i < n1) 
            arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
        // copy positive elements of right subarray 
        while (j < n2) 
            arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
            // Same as (l + r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
            // large l and h 
            int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
            // Sort first and second halves 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
            merge(arr, l, m, r); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver program 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int arr_size = arr.length; 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
        printArray(arr, arr_size); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

Python3

# Python3 program to Rearrange positive  
# and negative numbers in a array 
  
# Function to pran array 
def printArray(A, size): 
  
    for i in range(size): 
        print(A[i], end = " ") 
    print()  
  
# Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
# First subarray is arr[l..m] 
# Second subarray is arr[m + 1..r] 
def merge(arr, l, m, r): 
    i, j, k = 0, 0, 0
    n1 = m - l + 1
    n2 = r - m 
  
    # create temp arrays */ 
    L = [arr[l + i] for i in range(n1)] 
    R = [arr[m + 1 + j] for j in range(n2)] 
  
    # Merge the temp arrays back into arr[l..r]*/ 
    i = 0 # Initial index of first subarray 
    j = 0 # Initial index of second subarray 
    k = l # Initial index of merged subarray 
  
    # Note the order of appearance of elements  
    # should be maintained - we copy elements  
    # of left subarray first followed by that  
    # of right subarray 
  
    # copy negative elements of left subarray 
    while (i < n1 and L[i] < 0): 
        arr[k] = L[i] 
        k += 1
        i += 1
  
    # copy negative elements of right subarray 
    while (j < n2 and R[j] < 0): 
        arr[k] = R[j] 
        k += 1
        j += 1
  
    # copy positive elements of left subarray 
    while (i < n1): 
        arr[k] = L[i] 
        k += 1
        i += 1
  
    # copy positive elements of right subarray 
    while (j < n2): 
        arr[k] = R[j] 
        k += 1
        j += 1
  
# Function to Rearrange positive and  
# negative numbers in a array 
def RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, r): 
  
    if(l < r): 
          
        # Same as (l + r)/2, but avoids  
        # overflow for large l and h 
        m = l + (r - l) // 2
  
        # Sort first and second halves 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m) 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r) 
  
        merge(arr, l, m, r) 
      
# Driver Code 
arr = [ -12, 11, -13, -5,  
        6, -7, 5, -3, -6 ] 
arr_size = len(arr) 
  
RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1) 
  
printArray(arr, arr_size) 
  
# This code is contributed by 
# mohit kumar 29 

C#

// C# program to Rearrange positive 
// and negative numbers in a array 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
  
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int[] A, int size) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
            Console.Write(A[i] + " "); 
        Console.WriteLine(); 
    } 
  
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
    // First subarray is arr[l..m] 
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
    static void merge(int[] arr, int l, int m, int r) 
    { 
        int i, j, k; 
        int n1 = m - l + 1; 
        int n2 = r - m; 
  
        /* create temp arrays */
        int[] L = new int[n1]; 
        int[] R = new int[n2]; 
  
        /* Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] */
        for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) 
            L[i] = arr[l + i]; 
        for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) 
            R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j]; 
  
        /* Merge the temp arrays back into arr[l..r]*/
        // Initial index of first subarray 
        i = 0; 
  
        // Initial index of second subarray 
        j = 0; 
  
        // Initial index of merged subarray 
        k = l; 
  
        // Note the order of appearance of elements should 
        // be maintained - we copy elements of left subarray 
        // first followed by that of right subarray 
  
        // copy negative elements of left subarray 
        while (i < n1 && L[i] < 0) 
            arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
        // copy negative elements of right subarray 
        while (j < n2 && R[j] < 0) 
            arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
  
        // copy positive elements of left subarray 
        while (i < n1) 
            arr[k++] = L[i++]; 
  
        // copy positive elements of right subarray 
        while (j < n2) 
            arr[k++] = R[j++]; 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int[] arr, int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
  
            // Same as (l + r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
            // large l and h 
            int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
            // Sort first and second halves 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
            merge(arr, l, m, r); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver program 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        int[] arr = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int arr_size = arr.Length; 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
        printArray(arr, arr_size); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Time complexity of above solution is O(n log n). The problem with this approach is we are using auxiliary array for merging but we’re not allowed to use any data structure to solve this problem. We can do merging in-place without using any data-structure. The idea is taken from here.

Let Ln and Lp denotes the negative part and positive part of left sub-array respectively. Similarly, Rn and Rp denotes the negative and positive part of right sub-array respectively.
Below are the steps to convert [Ln Lp Rn Rp] to [Ln Rn Lp Rp] without using extra space.

1. Reverse Lp and Rn. We get [Lp] -> [Lp'] and [Rn] -> [Rn'] 
    [Ln Lp Rn Rp] -> [Ln Lp’ Rn’ Rp]

2. Reverse [Lp’ Rn’]. We get [Rn Lp].
    [Ln Lp’ Rn’ Rp] -> [Ln Rn Lp Rp]

Below is the implementation of above idea –

C++

// C++ program to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
/* Function to print an array */
void printArray(int A[], int size) 
{ 
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
        cout << A[i] << " "; 
    cout << endl; 
} 
  
/* Function to reverse an array. An array can be 
reversed in O(n) time and O(1) space. */
void reverse(int arr[], int l, int r) 
{ 
    if (l < r) { 
        swap(arr[l], arr[r]); 
        reverse(arr, ++l, --r); 
    } 
} 
  
// Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
// First subarray is arr[l..m] 
// Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
{ 
    int i = l; // Initial index of 1st subarray 
    int j = m + 1; // Initial index of IInd 
  
    while (i <= m && arr[i] < 0) 
        i++; 
  
    // arr[i..m] is positive 
  
    while (j <= r && arr[j] < 0) 
        j++; 
  
    // arr[j..r] is positive 
  
    // reverse positive part of left sub-array (arr[i..m]) 
    reverse(arr, i, m); 
  
    // reverse negative part of right sub-array (arr[m+1..j-1]) 
    reverse(arr, m + 1, j - 1); 
  
    // reverse arr[i..j-1] 
    reverse(arr, i, j - 1); 
} 
  
// Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int l, int r) 
{ 
    if (l < r) { 
        // Same as (l+r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
        // large l and h 
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
        // Sort first and second halves 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
        merge(arr, l, m, r); 
    } 
} 
  
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
    int arr_size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); 
  
    RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
  
    printArray(arr, arr_size); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
class GFG { 
  
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int A[], int size) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
            System.out.print(A[i] + " "); 
        System.out.println(""); 
        ; 
    } 
  
    /* Function to reverse an array. An array can be 
reversed in O(n) time and O(1) space. */
    static void reverse(int arr[], int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
            arr = swap(arr, l, r); 
            reverse(arr, ++l, --r); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
    // First subarray is arr[l..m] 
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
    static void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
    { 
        int i = l; // Initial index of 1st subarray 
        int j = m + 1; // Initial index of IInd 
  
        while (i <= m && arr[i] < 0) 
            i++; 
  
        // arr[i..m] is positive 
  
        while (j <= r && arr[j] < 0) 
            j++; 
  
        // arr[j..r] is positive 
  
        // reverse positive part of 
        // left sub-array (arr[i..m]) 
        reverse(arr, i, m); 
  
        // reverse negative part of 
        // right sub-array (arr[m+1..j-1]) 
        reverse(arr, m + 1, j - 1); 
  
        // reverse arr[i..j-1] 
        reverse(arr, i, j - 1); 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int arr[], int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
            // Same as (l+r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
            // large l and h 
            int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
            // Sort first and second halves 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
            merge(arr, l, m, r); 
        } 
    } 
    static int[] swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) 
    { 
        int temp = arr[i]; 
        arr[i] = arr[j]; 
        arr[j] = temp; 
        return arr; 
    } 
  
    /* Driver code*/
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int arr[] = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int arr_size = arr.length; 
  
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
  
        printArray(arr, arr_size); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Python3

# Python3 program to Rearrange positive  
# and negative numbers in an array  
  
# Function to print an array  
def printArray(A, size):  
  
    for i in range(0, size):  
        print(A[i], end = " ")  
    print() 
  
# Function to reverse an array. An array can  
# be reversed in O(n) time and O(1) space. 
def reverse(arr, l, r):  
  
    if l < r: 
      
        arr[l], arr[r] = arr[r], arr[l] 
        l, r = l + 1, r - 1
        reverse(arr, l, r)  
      
# Merges two subarrays of arr[].  
# First subarray is arr[l..m]  
# Second subarray is arr[m + 1..r]  
def merge(arr, l, m, r):  
  
    i = l # Initial index of 1st subarray  
    j = m + 1 # Initial index of IInd  
  
    while i <= m and arr[i] < 0:  
        i += 1
  
    # arr[i..m] is positive  
  
    while j <= r and arr[j] < 0:  
        j += 1
  
    # arr[j..r] is positive  
  
    # reverse positive part of left 
    # sub-array (arr[i..m])  
    reverse(arr, i, m)  
  
    # reverse negative part of right  
    # sub-array (arr[m + 1..j-1])  
    reverse(arr, m + 1, j - 1)  
  
    # reverse arr[i..j-1]  
    reverse(arr, i, j - 1)  
  
# Function to Rearrange positive  
# and negative numbers in a array  
def RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, r):  
  
    if l < r: 
      
        # Same as (l + r)/2, but avoids  
        # overflow for large l and h  
        m = l + (r - l) // 2
  
        # Sort first and second halves  
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m)  
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r)  
  
        merge(arr, l, m, r)  
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__":  
  
    arr = [-12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6]  
    arr_size = len(arr)  
  
    RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1)  
  
    printArray(arr, arr_size)  
  
# This code is contributed by Rituraj Jain 

C#

// C# program to Rearrange positive and negative 
// numbers in a array 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
  
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int[] A, int size) 
    { 
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 
            Console.Write(A[i] + " "); 
        Console.WriteLine(""); 
        ; 
    } 
  
    /* Function to reverse an array. An array can be 
reversed in O(n) time and O(1) space. */
    static void reverse(int[] arr, int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
            arr = swap(arr, l, r); 
            reverse(arr, ++l, --r); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[]. 
    // First subarray is arr[l..m] 
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r] 
    static void merge(int[] arr, int l, int m, int r) 
    { 
        int i = l; // Initial index of 1st subarray 
        int j = m + 1; // Initial index of IInd 
  
        while (i <= m && arr[i] < 0) 
            i++; 
  
        // arr[i..m] is positive 
  
        while (j <= r && arr[j] < 0) 
            j++; 
  
        // arr[j..r] is positive 
  
        // reverse positive part of 
        // left sub-array (arr[i..m]) 
        reverse(arr, i, m); 
  
        // reverse negative part of 
        // right sub-array (arr[m+1..j-1]) 
        reverse(arr, m + 1, j - 1); 
  
        // reverse arr[i..j-1] 
        reverse(arr, i, j - 1); 
    } 
  
    // Function to Rearrange positive and negative 
    // numbers in a array 
    static void RearrangePosNeg(int[] arr, int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) { 
            // Same as (l+r)/2, but avoids overflow for 
            // large l and h 
            int m = l + (r - l) / 2; 
  
            // Sort first and second halves 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, l, m); 
            RearrangePosNeg(arr, m + 1, r); 
  
            merge(arr, l, m, r); 
        } 
    } 
    static int[] swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) 
    { 
        int temp = arr[i]; 
        arr[i] = arr[j]; 
        arr[j] = temp; 
        return arr; 
    } 
  
    /* Driver code*/
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        int[] arr = { -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6 }; 
        int arr_size = arr.Length; 
  
        RearrangePosNeg(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
  
        printArray(arr, arr_size); 
    } 
} 
  
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Output:

-12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

Time complexity of above solution is O(n log n), O(Log n) space for recursive calls, and no additional data structure.

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My Personal Notes

Sep	OCT	Nov
	23
2019	2020	2021

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

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