Rank of an element in a stream

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 23 Sep, 2020

Given a stream of integers, lookup the rank of a given integer x. Rank of an integer in-stream is “Total number of elements less than or equal to x (not including x)”.
If an element is not found in the stream or is smallest in stream, return -1.
Examples:

Input :  arr[] = {10, 20, 15, 3, 4, 4, 1}
              x = 4;
Output : Rank of 4 in stream is: 3
There are total three elements less than
or equal to x (and not including x)

Input : arr[] = {5, 1, 14, 4, 15, 9, 7, 20, 11}, 
           x = 20;
Output : Rank of 20 in stream is: 8

A relatively easy way to implement this is to use an array that holds all the elements in sorted order. When a new element is inserted we would shift the elements. Then we perform binary search on the array to get the right-most index of x and return that index. getRank(x) would work in O(log n) but insertion would be costly.
An efficient way is to use a Binary Search Tree. Each Node will hold the data value and size of its left subtree.
We traverse the tree from root and compare the root values to x.

If root->data == x, return size of left subtree of root.
If x < root->data, return getRank(root->left)
If x > root->data, return getRank(root->right) + size of leftSubtree + 1.

Below is the solution.

C++

// CPP program to find rank of an
// element in a stream.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *left, *right;
    int leftSize;
};
 
Node* newNode(int data)
{
    Node *temp = new Node;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    temp->leftSize = 0;
    return temp;
}
 
// Inserting a new Node.
Node* insert(Node*& root, int data)
{
    if (!root)
        return newNode(data);
 
    // Updating size of left subtree.
    if (data <= root->data) {
        root->left = insert(root->left, data);
        root->leftSize++;
    }
    else
        root->right = insert(root->right, data);
 
    return root;
}
 
// Function to get Rank of a Node x.
int getRank(Node* root, int x)
{
    // Step 1.
    if (root->data == x)
        return root->leftSize;
 
    // Step 2.
    if (x < root->data) {
        if (!root->left)
            return -1;
        else
            return getRank(root->left, x);
    }
 
    // Step 3.
    else {
        if (!root->right)
            return -1;
        else {
            int rightSize = getRank(root->right, x);
              if(rightSize == -1 ) return -1;
            return root->leftSize + 1 + rightSize;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 5, 1, 4, 4, 5, 9, 7, 13, 3 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    int x = 4;
 
    Node* root = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        root = insert(root, arr[i]);
 
    cout << "Rank of " << x << " in stream is: "
         << getRank(root, x) << endl;
 
    x = 13;
    cout << "Rank of " << x << " in stream is: "
         << getRank(root, x) << endl;
 
    x = 8;
    cout << "Rank of " << x << " in stream is: "
         << getRank(root, x) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream. 
class GfG { 
 
static class Node { 
    int data; 
    Node left, right; 
    int leftSize; 
} 
 
static Node newNode(int data) 
{ 
    Node temp = new Node(); 
    temp.data = data; 
    temp.left = null;
    temp.right = null; 
    temp.leftSize = 0; 
    return temp; 
} 
 
// Inserting a new Node. 
static Node insert(Node root, int data) 
{ 
    if (root == null) 
        return newNode(data); 
 
    // Updating size of left subtree. 
    if (data <= root.data) { 
        root.left = insert(root.left, data); 
        root.leftSize++; 
    } 
    else
        root.right = insert(root.right, data); 
 
    return root; 
} 
 
// Function to get Rank of a Node x. 
static int getRank(Node root, int x) 
{ 
    // Step 1. 
    if (root.data == x) 
        return root.leftSize; 
 
    // Step 2. 
    if (x < root.data) { 
        if (root.left == null) 
            return -1; 
        else
            return getRank(root.left, x); 
    } 
 
    // Step 3. 
    else { 
        if (root.right == null) 
            return -1; 
        else { 
            int rightSize = getRank(root.right, x); 
          if(rightSize == -1) return -1;
            return root.leftSize + 1 + rightSize; 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
// Driver code 
public static void main(String[] args) 
{ 
    int arr[] = { 5, 1, 4, 4, 5, 9, 7, 13, 3 }; 
    int n = arr.length; 
    int x = 4; 
 
    Node root = null; 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        root = insert(root, arr[i]); 
 
    System.out.println("Rank of " + x + " in stream is : "+getRank(root, x)); 
 
    x = 13; 
    System.out.println("Rank of " + x + " in stream is : "+getRank(root, x)); 
 
} 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to find rank of an 
# element in a stream. 
 
class newNode:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data 
        self.left = self.right = None
        self.leftSize = 0
 
# Inserting a new Node. 
def insert(root, data):
    if root is None: 
        return newNode(data) 
 
    # Updating size of left subtree. 
    if data <= root.data: 
        root.left = insert(root.left, data) 
        root.leftSize += 1
    else:
        root.right = insert(root.right, data)
    return root
 
# Function to get Rank of a Node x. 
def getRank(root, x):
     
    # Step 1. 
    if root.data == x:
        return root.leftSize 
 
    # Step 2. 
    if x < root.data: 
        if root.left is None: 
            return -1
        else:
            return getRank(root.left, x)
 
    # Step 3. 
    else: 
        if root.right is None: 
            return -1
        else: 
            rightSize = getRank(root.right, x)
            if rightSize == -1:
                # x not found in right sub tree, i.e. not found in stream
                return -1
            else:
                return root.leftSize + 1 + rightSize
 
# Driver code 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr = [5, 1, 4, 4, 5, 9, 7, 13, 3] 
    n = len(arr) 
    x = 4
 
    root = None
    for i in range(n):
        root = insert(root, arr[i])
 
    print("Rank of", x, "in stream is:", 
                       getRank(root, x))
    x = 13
    print("Rank of", x, "in stream is:", 
                       getRank(root, x))
    x = 8
    print("Rank of", x, "in stream is:", 
                       getRank(root, x))
         
# This code is contributed by PranchalK

C#

// C# program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream. 
using System;
     
class GFG 
{ 
public class Node 
{ 
    public int data; 
    public Node left, right; 
    public int leftSize; 
} 
 
static Node newNode(int data) 
{ 
    Node temp = new Node(); 
    temp.data = data; 
    temp.left = null;
    temp.right = null; 
    temp.leftSize = 0; 
    return temp; 
} 
 
// Inserting a new Node. 
static Node insert(Node root, int data) 
{ 
    if (root == null) 
        return newNode(data); 
 
    // Updating size of left subtree. 
    if (data <= root.data) 
    { 
        root.left = insert(root.left, data); 
        root.leftSize++; 
    } 
    else
        root.right = insert(root.right, data); 
 
    return root; 
} 
 
// Function to get Rank of a Node x. 
static int getRank(Node root, int x) 
{ 
    // Step 1. 
    if (root.data == x) 
        return root.leftSize; 
 
    // Step 2. 
    if (x < root.data) 
    { 
        if (root.left == null) 
            return -1; 
        else
            return getRank(root.left, x); 
    } 
 
    // Step 3. 
    else
    { 
        if (root.right == null) 
            return -1; 
        else
        { 
            int rightSize = getRank(root.right, x); 
              if(rightSize == -1) return -1;
            return root.leftSize + 1 + rightSize; 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
// Driver code 
public static void Main(String[] args) 
{ 
    int []arr = { 5, 1, 4, 4, 5, 9, 7, 13, 3 }; 
    int n = arr.Length; 
    int x = 4; 
 
    Node root = null; 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        root = insert(root, arr[i]); 
 
    Console.WriteLine("Rank of " + x + 
                      " in stream is : " + 
                      getRank(root, x)); 
 
    x = 13; 
    Console.WriteLine("Rank of " + x + 
                      " in stream is : " + 
                      getRank(root, x)); 
} 
} 
 
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 

Output

Rank of 4 in stream is: 3
Rank of 13 in stream is: 8
Rank of 8 in stream is: -1

Another approach:
Traverse the array from the beginning. While traversing, count the nodes which is equal to or less than the given key.Print the count(Rank).

C++

// C++ program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int a[] = {5, 1, 14, 4, 15, 9, 7, 20, 11};
    int key = 20;
    int arraySize = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
    int count = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
    {
        if(a[i] <= key)
        {
            count += 1;
        }
    }
    cout << "Rank of " << key << " in stream is: "
            << count-1 << endl;
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by 
// Ashwin Loganathan.

Java

// Java program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream.
class GFG 
{
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args) 
{
    int a[] = {5, 1, 14, 4, 15, 9, 7, 20, 11}; 
    int key = 20; 
    int arraySize = a.length; 
    int count = 0; 
    for(int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) 
    { 
        if(a[i] <= key) 
        { 
            count += 1; 
        } 
    } 
    System.out.println("Rank of " + key + 
                    " in stream is: " + (count - 1));
}
} 
 
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# Python3 program to find rank of an 
# element in a stream. 
 
# Driver code 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = [5, 1, 14, 4, 15,
            9, 7, 20, 11] 
    key = 20
    arraySize = len(a) 
    count = 0
    for i in range(arraySize):
        if a[i] <= key:
            count += 1
             
    print("Rank of", key, 
          "in stream is:", count - 1)
 
# This code is contributed by PranchalK

C#

// C# program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream. 
using System;
 
class GFG
{
// Driver code
public static void Main()
{
    int []a = {5, 1, 14, 4, 15, 9, 7, 20, 11};
    int key = 20;
    int arraySize = a.Length;
    int count = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
    {
        if(a[i] <= key)
        {
            count += 1;
        }
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Rank of " + key + 
                      " in stream is: " + 
                            (count - 1));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 
// Akanksha Rai

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to find rank of an 
// element in a stream. 
 
// Driver code
$a = array(5, 1, 14, 4, 15, 9, 7, 20, 11);
$key = 20;
$arraySize = sizeof($a);
$count = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < $arraySize; $i++)
{
    if($a[$i] <= $key)
    {
        $count += 1;
    }
}
echo "Rank of " . $key . " in stream is: " . 
      ($count - 1) . "\n";
 
// This code is contributed by 
// Akanksha Rai
?>

Output:

Rank of 20 in stream is: 8

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