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Python range() function

Last Updated : 25 Jul, 2024
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The Python range() function returns a sequence of numbers, in a given range. The most common use of it is to iterate sequences on a sequence of numbers using Python loops.

Example

In the given example, we are printing the number from 0 to 4.

Python 
for i in range(5):
    print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output:

0 1 2 3 4

Syntax of Python range() function

Syntax: range(start, stop, step)

Parameter :

  • start: [ optional ] start value of the sequence
  • stop: next value after the end value of the sequence
  • step: [ optional ] integer value, denoting the difference between any two numbers in the sequence

Return : Returns an object that represents a sequence of numbers

What is the use of the range function in Python

In simple terms, range() allows the user to generate a series of numbers within a given range. Depending on how many arguments the user is passing to the function, the user can decide where that series of numbers will begin and end, as well as how big the difference will be between one number and the next. Python range() function takes can be initialized in 3 ways.

  • range (stop) takes one argument.
  • range (start, stop) takes two arguments.
  • range (start, stop, step) takes three arguments.

Python range (stop)

When the user call range() with one argument, the user will get a series of numbers that starts at 0 and includes every whole number up to, but not including, the number that the user has provided as the stop.

Python range (stop)

Python range visualization

Example of Python range (stop)

In this example, we are printing the number from 0 to 5. We are using the range function in which we are passing the stopping of the loop.

Python3 
# printing first 6
# whole number
for i in range(6):
    print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output: 

0 1 2 3 4 5

Python range (start, stop)

When the user call range() with two arguments, the user gets to decide not only where the series of numbers stops but also where it starts, so the user doesn’t have to start at 0 all the time. Users can use range() to generate a series of numbers from X to Y using range(X, Y).

Image

Python range visualization

Example of Python range (start, stop)

In this example, we are printing the number from 5 to 19. We are using the range function in which we are passing the starting and stopping points of the loop.

Python3 
# printing a natural
# number from 5 to 20
for i in range(5, 20):
    print(i, end=" ")

Output: 

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Python range (start, stop, step)

When the user call range() with three arguments, the user can choose not only where the series of numbers will start and stop, but also how big the difference will be between one number and the next. If the user doesn’t provide a step, then range() will automatically behave as if the step is 1. In this example, we are printing even numbers between 0 and 10, so we choose our starting point from 0(start = 0) and stop the series at 10(stop = 10). For printing an even number the difference between one number and the next must be 2 (step = 2) after providing a step we get the following output (0, 2, 4, 8). 

Image

Python range visualization

Example of Python range (start, stop, step)

In this example, we are printing the number from 0 to 9 with the jump of 2. We are using the range function in which we are passing the starting and stopping points with the jump of the iterator.

Python3 
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output: 

0 2 4 6 8

Incrementing the Range using a Positive Step 

If a user wants to increment, then the user needs steps to be a positive number.

Python3 
# incremented by 4
for i in range(0, 30, 4):
    print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output : 

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28

Python range() using Negative Step

If a user wants to decrement, then the user needs steps to be a negative number. 

Python3 
# incremented by -2
for i in range(25, 2, -2):
    print(i, end=" ")
print()

Output : 

25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3

Python range() with Float Values

Python range() function doesn’t support float numbers. i.e. user cannot use floating-point or non-integer numbers in any of its arguments. Users can use only integer numbers.

Python3 
# using a float number
for i in range(3.3):
    print(i)

Output : 

for i in range(3.3):
TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

Python range() with More Examples

Concatenation of two range() functions using itertools chain() method

The result from two range() functions can be concatenated by using the chain() method of itertools module. The chain() method is used to print all the values in iterable targets one after another mentioned in its arguments.

Python3 
from itertools import chain

# Using chain method
print("Concatenating the result")
res = chain(range(5), range(10, 20, 2))

for i in res:
    print(i, end=" ")

Output : 

Concatenating the result
0 1 2 3 4 10 12 14 16 18

Accessing range() with an Index Value

A sequence of numbers is returned by the range() function as its object that can be accessed by its index value. Both positive and negative indexing is supported by its object.

Python3 
ele = range(10)[0]
print("First element:", ele)

ele = range(10)[-1]
print("\nLast element:", ele)

ele = range(10)[4]
print("\nFifth element:", ele)

Output : 

First element: 0
Last element: 9
Fifth element: 4

range() function with List in Python

In this example, we are creating a list and we are printing list elements with the range() in Python.

Python 
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]

for i in range(len(fruits)):
    print(fruits[i])

Output :

apple
banana
cherry
date

Some Important points to remember about the Python range() function

  • The range() function only works with integers, i.e. whole numbers.
  • All arguments must be integers. Users can not pass a string or float number or any other type in a start, stop, and step argument of a range().
  • All three arguments can be positive or negative.
  • The step value must not be zero. If a step is zero, python raises a ValueError exception.
  • range() is a type in Python.
  • Users can access items in a range() by index, just as users do with a list.

Python range() function – FAQs

What Does the range() Function Do in Python?

The range() function generates a sequence of numbers, which is commonly used for looping a specific number of times in for loops. It produces an immutable sequence of integers from the start (inclusive) to the stop (exclusive) with a specified step.

How to Create a Sequence of Numbers with range()?

You can create a sequence of numbers using range() by specifying the start, stop, and step arguments.

Example:

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

Output:

0
1
2
3
4

In this example, range(5) generates numbers from 0 to 4.

What Are the Parameters of the range() Function?

The range() function has three parameters:

  1. start (optional): The starting value of the sequence. The default is 0.
  2. stop (required): The ending value of the sequence (exclusive).
  3. step (optional): The difference between each number in the sequence. The default is 1.

Syntax:

range(start, stop, step)

How to Use a Negative Step in the range() Function?

You can use a negative step to generate a sequence in reverse order.

Example:

for i in range(10, 0, -2):
    print(i)

Output:

10
8
6
4
2

In this example, range(10, 0, -2) generates numbers from 10 to 2, decrementing by 2.

How to Generate a List Using range()?

To generate a list using range(), you can use the list() function to convert the range object into a list.

Example:

numbers = list(range(5))
print(numbers)

Output:

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

Another example with all parameters:

numbers = list(range(2, 10, 2))
print(numbers)

Output:

[2, 4, 6, 8]


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