Python Tutorial | Learn Python Programming Language
Last Updated :
15 Jan, 2025
Python Tutorial - Python is one of the most popular programming languages today, known for its simplicity, extensive features and library support. Its clean and straightforward syntax makes it beginner-friendly, while its powerful libraries and frameworks makes it perfect for developers.
- A high-level, interpreted language with easy-to-read syntax.
- Used in various fields like web development, data science, artificial intelligence and automation.
First Python Program
Here is a simple Python code, printing a string. We recommend you to edit the code and try to print your own name.
Python
1. Python Fundamentals
In this section, we’ll cover the basics of Python programming, including installing Python, writing first program, understanding comments and working with variables, keywords and operators. These are essential building blocks to get started with Python coding.
Before starting to learn python we need to install python on our system.
2. Python Data Types
Python offers versatile collections of data types, including lists, string, tuples, sets, dictionaries and arrays. In this section, we will learn about each data types in detail.
Python Data Types3. Python Conditional Statements and Loops
Python Conditional statements are used to make decisions based on certain conditions. They allow the program to execute specific blocks of code when a condition evaluates to True. Python Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly, either for a fixed number of times or until a condition is met. In this section of Python Tutorial, we'll explore Python's conditional logic and Python loops. Here, we'll explore Python loop constructs, including for and while loops, along with essential loop control statements like break, continue and pass. Additionally, we'll uncover list and dictionary comprehensions for concise iterations and data manipulations .
4. Python Functions
Python Functions are the backbone of organized and efficient code in Python. Here, in this section of Python 3 tutorial we'll explore their syntax, parameter handling, return values and variable scope. From basic concepts to advanced techniques like closures and decorators. Along the way, we'll also introduce versatile functions like range(), map, filter and lambda functions.
5. Python OOPs Concepts
In this section of Python OOPs, we'll explore the core principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python. From encapsulation to inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes and iterators, we'll cover the essential concepts that empower you to build modular, reusable and scalable code.
6. Python Exception Handling
In this section of Python Tutorial, we'll explore Python Exception Handling that how Python deals with unexpected errors, enabling you to write robust and fault-tolerant code. We'll cover file handling, including reading from and writing to files.
7. File Handling
In this section, we will cover file handling, including reading from and writing to files.
8. Python Collections
Here in this section of Python 3 tutorial, you will explore key data structures provided by Python's collections module.
9. Python Database Handling
In this section you will learn how to access and work with MySQL and MongoDB databases
10. Python Packages or Libraries
The biggest strength of Python is a huge collection of Python Packages standard libraries which can be used for the following:
Python Practice
Python Quizzes
Python quiz page covers topics including variables, data types and how to manage output effectively. You'll explore operators and control flow to structure our code, along with loops (for and while) for repetitive tasks. Additionally, you'll gain knowledge with Python data structures such as lists, tuples, dictionaries and sets.
This Python tutorial is updated based on latest Python 3.13.1 version.
Python Prerequisite
This Python tutorial is designed for beginners, but it helps if you already have some basic knowledge of programming concepts like variables, commands and syntax. A little experience with any programming environment will make the learning easier, but don't worry if you're completely new – we'll guide you through it step by step.
Features of Python
Python stands out because of its simplicity and versatility, making it a top choice for both beginners and professionals. Here are some key features or characteristics:
- Easy to Read and Write: Python’s syntax is clean and simple, making the code easy to understand and write. It is suitable for beginners.
- Interpreted Language: Python executes code line by line, which helps in easy debugging and testing during development.
- Object-Oriented and Functional: Python supports both object-oriented and functional programming, giving developers flexibility in how they structure their code.
- Dynamically Typed: You don’t need to specify data types when declaring variables; Python figures it out automatically.
- Extensive Libraries: Python has a rich collection of libraries for tasks like web development, data analysis, machine learning and more.
- Cross-Platform: Python can run on different operating systems like Windows, macOS and Linux without modification.
- Community Support: Python has a large, active community that continuously contributes resources, libraries and tools, making it easier to find help or solutions.
Applications of Python
- Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask can be used to create dynamic websites and web applications quickly and efficiently.
- Data Science & Analysis: Python is most preferred language for data analysis, visualization and handling large datasets. Because of extensive libraries like Pandas, NumPy and Matplotlib.
- Machine Learning & AI: Python is popular in AI and machine learning because of its powerful libraries like TensorFlow, Keras and Scikit-learn.
- Scripting & Automation: Python’s simplicity makes it ideal for writing scripts that automate tasks in different systems, from server management to file handling. Python is commonly used to automate repetitive tasks, making processes faster and more efficient.
- Web Scraping: Libraries like Beautiful Soup and Scrapy.
- Desktop App Development: Python can be used to build desktop applications using frameworks like Tkinter and PyQt. Python is also used for game development, with libraries like Pygame to create simple games.
Python vs. Other Programming Languages
Below is the comparison of Python with C, C++ and Java:
| Feature | Python | C | C++ | Java |
|---|
| Type | Interpreted | Compiled | Compiled | Compiled and Interpreted |
|---|
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm (object-oriented, procedural, functional) | Procedural, structured | Multi-paradigm (procedural, object-oriented, generic) | Object-oriented, structured |
|---|
| Memory Management | Automatic | Manual | Manual | Automatic |
|---|
| Syntax | Simple | Complex | Complex | Complex |
|---|
| Use Cases | Web development, data analysis, machine learning | System programming, embedded systems, game development | System programming, game development, high-performance applications | Large-scale applications, enterprise software |
|---|
| Notable Frameworks/Libraries | Django, Flask | Standard Library | Standard Library, Boost | Spring, Hibernate |
|---|
| Community Support | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
|---|
| Job Market | Abundant | Abundant | Abundant | Abundant |
|---|
List of Companies Using Python
These are some Popular companies that use Python in their workflow:
| Company | Description |
|---|
| Google | Uses Python for various applications, including their search engine and machine learning projects. |
|---|
| Instagram | The backend of Instagram is built using Python, enabling it to handle millions of users efficiently. |
|---|
| Spotify | Python is used for data analysis and backend services, helping improve user recommendations. |
|---|
| Dropbox | Python powers the desktop client of Dropbox, making it easy to sync files across devices. |
|---|
| Netflix | Python helps Netflix with data analysis and managing its content recommendation algorithms. |
|---|
| Reddit | One of the largest online communities, Reddit, uses Python for its core functionalities. |
|---|
| Uber | Uber uses Python for various features, including dynamic pricing and data analysis. |
|---|
| Pinterest | Python plays a key role in the backend of Pinterest, helping scale and manage user content. |
|---|
Career & Jobs in Python
Python offer diverse opportunities across industries, here we have listed all the best career opportunity that anyone can pursue after learning Python.
| Career | Average Salary (INR) Per Annum | Average Salary (USD) Per Annum |
|---|
| Python Developer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 | $60,000 – $110,000 |
| Data Scientist | ₹600,000 – ₹1,500,000 | $70,000 – $130,000 |
| Machine Learning Engineer | ₹700,000 – ₹1,800,000 | $75,000 – $140,000 |
| Full Stack Developer | ₹600,000 – ₹1,300,000 | $65,000 – $120,000 |
| DevOps Engineer | ₹800,000 – ₹2,000,000 | $80,000 – $140,000 |
| Automation Engineer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 | $55,000 – $100,000 |
| Data Analyst | ₹400,000 – ₹900,000 | $50,000 – $90,000 |
| Software Engineer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,500,000 | $65,000 – $120,000 |
| Backend Developer | ₹600,000 – ₹1,300,000 | $70,000 – $125,000 |
| AI Engineer | ₹900,000 – ₹2,500,000 | $90,000 – $160,000 |
Python Latest & Upcoming Features
Python 3.13 is the most recent stable release of the programming language, featuring a blend of updates to its syntax, implementation and standard library. Key enhancements include the introduction of a revamped interactive interpreter, experimental capabilities for operating in a free-threaded mode (as outlined in PEP 703) and the addition of a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler (detailed in PEP 744).
The upcoming version of Python is Python 3.14 and it is expected to include the following notable updates: UTF-8 Mode Default (PEP 686), Shorthand Syntax for Keyword Arguments, Enhanced f-strings, JSON-based Simple API (PEP 691).
--> In this tutorial, we've provided the latest Python 3.13 version compiler where you can edit and compile your written code directly with just one click of the RUN Button. So test yourself with Python first exercises.
Python Programming Language - FAQs
What is Python?
Python is a high-level, general-purpose and very popular programming language which was created by Guido van Rassum and released in 1991. Python programming language (latest Python 3) is being used in web development and Machine Learning, Mathematics and System Scripting. Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google, Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc.
Is it easy to learn Python?
Yes, Python is considered one of the easiest programming languages to learn, especially for beginners.
Is Python enough to get a job?
Yes, knowing Python can be enough to get a job, especially in certain fields. Python is a versatile programming language widely used across various industries and it is highly valued for its simplicity, readability and powerful libraries. Doing specialization is always preferred, you can go for high demand domains like Data Science, AI or Web development.
What is the salary of Python Developer?
Due to high demand of domains like Data science and web dev, Python developer can get good package for India or countries like United States. The estimated salary for a Python Developer is ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 per year. For countries like USA, estimated pay for a Python Developer is $60,000 – $110,000 per Year.
What are job opportunity with Python?
After completing Python you and opt for various careers like:
- Python Developer
- Web Developer
- Data Scientist
- Data Analyst
- Machine Learning Engineer
- AI Researcher
- Automation Engineer
- Software Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
What are the key advantages of learning Python?
There are multiple key advantages of learning Python programming language and they are:
- Easy to Learn: Simple syntax, perfect for beginners.
- Versatile: Used in web development, data science, AI and more.
- In-Demand: High job market demand with strong salaries.
- Rich Libraries: Extensive libraries for diverse tasks.
- Cross-Platform: Runs on all major operating systems.
Similar Reads
Python Tutorial | Learn Python Programming Language
Python is one of the most popular programming languages today, known for its simplicity, extensive features and library support. Its clean and straightforward syntax makes it beginner-friendly, while its powerful libraries and frameworks makes it perfect for developers. A high-level, interpreted lan
9 min read
Getting Started with Python Programming
To get started with Python, let's first finish the installation steps. Here's a basic guide to setup Python in your system. Install PythonBefore starting this Python course first, you need to install Python on your computer. To install Python on your computer, follow these steps: Download Python: Go
2 min read
Input and Output in Python
Understanding input and output operations is fundamental to Python programming. With the print() function, we can display output in various formats, while the input() function enables interaction with users by gathering input during program execution. Printing Output using print() in PythonAt its co
7 min read
Data Types
Python String
A string is a sequence of characters. Python treats anything inside quotes as a string. This includes letters, numbers, and symbols. Python has no character data type so single character is a string of length 1. [GFGTABS] Python s = "GfG" print(s[1]) # access 2nd char s1 = s + s[0] # updat
5 min read
Python Lists
In Python, a list is a built-in dynamic sized array (automatically grows and shrinks). We can store all types of items (including another list) in a list. A list may contain mixed type of items, this is possible because a list mainly stores references at contiguous locations and actual items maybe s
5 min read
Python Tuples
A tuple in Python is an immutable ordered collection of elements. Tuples are similar to lists, but unlike lists, they cannot be changed after their creation (i.e., they are immutable). Tuples can hold elements of different data types. The main characteristics of tuples are being ordered , heterogene
7 min read
Python Sets
Python set is an unordered collection of multiple items having different datatypes. In Python, sets are mutable, unindexed and do not contain duplicates. The order of elements in a set is not preserved and can change. Creating a Set in PythonIn Python, the most basic and efficient method for creatin
11 min read
Dictionaries in Python
A Python dictionary is a data structure that stores the value in key: value pairs. Values in a dictionary can be of any data type and can be duplicated, whereas keys can't be repeated and must be immutable. Example: Here, The data is stored in key:value pairs in dictionaries, which makes it easier t
5 min read
Python Arrays
In Python, array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations. The idea is to store multiple items of the same type together. Unlike Python lists (can store elements of mixed types), arrays must have all elements of same type. Having only homogeneous elements makes it memory-effici
7 min read
Python Operators
In Python programming, Operators in general are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are standard symbols used for logical and arithmetic operations. In this article, we will look into different types of Python operators. OPERATORS: These are the special symbols. Eg- + , * , /,
6 min read
Conditional Statements in Python
Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow of a program, making it behave differently in different situations. If Conditional Statement in PythonIf statement is the simplest form of a conditional st
6 min read
Loops in Python - For, While and Nested Loops
Python programming language provides two types of Python loopshecking time. In this article, we will look at Python loops and understand their working with the help of examp - For loop and While loop to handle looping requirements. Loops in Python provides three ways for executing the loops. While a
11 min read
Python Functions
Python Functions is a block of statements that return the specific task. The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done tasks together and make a function so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs, we can do the function calls to reuse code contained in it ov
10 min read
Python OOPs Concepts
Object Oriented Programming is a fundamental concept in Python, empowering developers to build modular, maintainable, and scalable applications. By understanding the core OOP principles (classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction), programmers can leverage the full p
11 min read
Python Modules
Python Module is a file that contains built-in functions, classes,its and variables. There are many Python modules, each with its specific work. In this article, we will cover all about Python modules, such as How to create our own simple module, Import Python modules, From statements in Python, we
7 min read
Python Exception Handling
Python Exception Handling handles errors that occur during the execution of a program. Exception handling allows to respond to the error, instead of crashing the running program. It enables you to catch and manage errors, making your code more robust and user-friendly. Example: Trying to divide a nu
7 min read
Python Collections Module
The collection Module in Python provides different types of containers. A Container is an object that is used to store different objects and provide a way to access the contained objects and iterate over them. Some of the built-in containers are Tuple, List, Dictionary, etc. In this article, we will
13 min read
Python Packages
We usually organize our files in different folders and subfolders based on some criteria, so that they can be managed easily and efficiently. For example, we keep all our games in a Games folder and we can even subcategorize according to the genre of the game or something like that. The same analogy
14 min read
Python Projects - Beginner to Advanced
Python is one of the most popular programming languages due to its simplicity, versatility, and supportive community. Whether you’re a beginner eager to learn the basics or an experienced programmer looking to challenge your skills, there are countless Python projects to help you grow. Here’s a list
10 min read
Python Quiz
These Python quiz questions are designed to help you become more familiar with Python and test your knowledge across various topics. From Python basics to advanced concepts, these topic-specific quizzes offer a comprehensive way to practice and assess your understanding of Python concepts. These Pyt
3 min read
