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Korea Utara

Boli'a wumbuta
Lonto Wikipedia, ensiklopedia pereyi bahasa Hulontalo
Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea

Templat:Native name
Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk (MR)
Bendera North Korea
Bendera
{{{coat_alt}}}
Lambang
  Wilayah yang dikendalikan   Korea Selatan (diklaim tetapi tidak dikendalikan)
  Wilayah yang dikendalikan
  Korea Selatan (diklaim tetapi tidak dikendalikan)
Ibu kota
Pyongyang
39°2′N 125°45′E / 39.033°N 125.750°E / 39.033; 125.750
Bahasa resmiKorea (Munhwaŏ)
Aksara resmiChosŏn'gŭl
Agama
(2020)
Demonim
PemerintahanKesatuan satu partai republik sosialis di bawah totaliterisme kediktatoran turun-temurun
Kim Jong Un
Pak Thae-song
Choe Ryong-hae
Pak In-chol
LegislatifMajelis Tertinggi Rakyat
Sejarah pendirian
• Gojoseon
2333 SM (mitologis)
57 SM
668
918
17 Juli 1392
12 Oktober 1897
22 Agustus 1910
1 Maret 1919
2 September 1945
6 September 1945
3 Oktober 1945
8 Februari 1946
22 Februari 1947
9 September 1948
27 Desember 1972
Luas
 - Total
120,538[1] km2 (46,540 sq mi)[2] (ke-98)
 - Perairan (%)
0.11
Population
 - Perkiraan 2024
Templat:IncreaseNeutral 26,298,666[3] (ke-54)
 - Sensus Penduduk 2008
Templat:IncreaseNeutral 24,052,231
212/km2 (549,1/sq mi) (ke-68)
PDB (KKB)2023
 - Total
Penurunan $15.416 miliar
Penurunan $600
PDB (nominal)2024
 - Total
Penurunan $15.176 miliar[4]
Penurunan $590
Gini (2020)Templat:DecreasePositive 16.6[5]
rendah
IPM (1995)0.766[6]
tinggi
Mata uangWon Korea Utara (₩)
(KPW)
Zona waktuPYT[7]
(UTC+09:00)
Format tanggal
  • yy, yyyy년 mm월 dd일
  • yy, yyyy/mm/dd (AD–1911IkanAD)
Lajur kemudikanan
Kode telepon+850
Kode ISO 3166[[ISO 3166-2:Templat:ISO 3166 code|Templat:ISO 3166 code]]
Ranah Internet.kp

Korea Utara, wolo tanggulo resmi liyo Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea (Hangul : 조선민주주의인민공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國; MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk), deuyito-yito tuwawu lo Negara di Asia Timur deuyito-yito tuwawu lo Negara di Asia Timur u meliputi bagian utara Semenanjung Korea Utara wawu Korea Selatan. Dutula Amnok wawu Dutula Tumen lohutu perbatasan to wolota lo Korea Utara wawu Tiongkok. Pitangiyo lonto dutula Tumen to timur laut babatasiya wolo Rusia. Tawu liyo hepotombiluwa lo negera limongolio Pukchosŏn (북조선, "Chosŏn Utara"), sementara tawu lo korea selatan hipotombiluwa Bukhan (북한, "Han Utara")

Semenanjung Korea heparenta liyo le Kaisar Korea sambe dianeksasi ole Japangi lapato perang Rusia-Jepang tawunu 1905. To yilapato Japangi kalah to Perang Dunia II, Korea tilayadiyo lowali yilandala pendudukan Uni Soviet wawu Amerika Serikat. Korea Utara dila lohuto lo dudu’a to delomo pemilihan umum u he awasiya lo PBB u pilohutuliyo to selatan to tawunu 1984 u opatuju ode mohutu duluwo pamarenta Korea u bubuala lo zona demiliterisasi. Korea Utara wolo Korea Selatan hemo tolo haku lo kedaulatan toyitato lo semenanjung u berujung ode Perang Korea tawunu 1950. Tuwawu lo gencatan senjata to tawunu 1953 longahiri bubutahe, dabo duluwo lo negara secra resmi donggo to delomo status lo popateya. Karna perjajian damai ja porna o pali lo ulu’u.[8] Duluwo lo negara tilolimo liyo lowali anggota lo Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa to tawunu 1991.[9] To 26 Mei 2009, korea utara secara sepihak malo dede’o batanga lonto gencatan senjata.[10]

Korea Utara lemaso to delomo negara bo tuwawu partai to tibawa front penyatuan u olongiya liyo Partai Buruh Korea.[11][12][13][14] Pamarenda lo negara lodudu’a idiologi Juche yang digagas le Kim II-Sung, bakasi olongiya negara botiya. Juche lowali idiologi resmi negara to’u negara botiya longadopsi konstitusi bahu to 1972,[15] eleponu Kim II-Sung malopohuna u mohutu kebijakan lonto sekurang-kurangnya to awali lo tawunu 1955,[16] sementara resmiliyo republik sosialis meyalo negara komunis, Korea Utara hebilohe lo sebagaian negara lali negara ketidktatoran totaliter opahamu Stalinis.[12][13][17][18][19] yilapato ilopateya le Kim Jong Un walao yali-yali le Kim Jong-il

Sojara

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Dampak lo penjajahan Jepang u pulito wolo kekalahan lo Japangi to perang Dunia II tawunu 1945 deuyito-yito Korea tilayadiyo duluwo to paralel utara ke-38 lodudua persetujuan wolo PBB. Yilantala utara heaturuwo lo Uni Soviet, wawu bagian selatan lo Amerika Serikat. Sojara Korea Utara secara resmi tilumula liyo wolo lohutu Republik Rakyat Demokratis to 1948

Tayade Korea

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To Agustus 1945, tentara Soviet lohutu Otoritas Sipil Soviet u momarenta negara botiye sambe tuwawu rezim domestik, u sasahabatiya wolo Uni Soviet, lowali pilohutu. Lapato lo munduru tentara Soviet to 1984, ahenda utama to tawunu berikutnya deuyito-yito mopotuwawu Korea lonto kedua belah pihak, dabo konsolidasi rezim Syngman Rhee to selatan wolo dekengi lo militer Amerika wawu penekatan pemberontakan to oktober 1984 longahiri harapan deuyito-yito negara botiye mowali popotuwawuwolo ulangi menurut cara revolusi Komunis. To tawunu 1949, rezim Utara mempertimbangkan untuk mohutu intervensi militer ode Korea Selatan, dabo dilla lootapu dekengi lonto Uni Soviet [20]

Penarikan lotolo militer Amerika Serikat lonto selatan to juni memperlemah rezim selatan wawu lo ohutu le Kim il-Sung mal opo timbangiya ulangi rencana invasi ode selatan. Huhama boyito to mulo liyo ja tilolimo liyo le Jodeph Stalin, bo wolo perkembangan persenjataan nuklir Soviet, yiloohamawa le Mau Zedong to Tiongkok, wawu pertada lonto bangsa Tiongkok deuyito-yito timongoliyo mowali molawo serdadu wawu sokongan uwewoliyo ode Korea Utara, Stalin malo satuju penyerangan u mowali cikal bakal perang Korea.[21]

Popateya Lo Korea

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Popateya lo Korea deuyito-yito popateya lo Korea Utara wawu Korea Selatan u matilumula liyo to 25 Juni 1950. Popateya botiye porna lohuheli sementara wolo gencatan senjata u ditandatangani to 27 Juli 1953. Konflik akibati lo tayade korea wawu upaya duluwo lo korea u mopotuwawu ulangi lo korea to tibawa lo pamarenta limongolio lohihilawo. Popateya botiye ma lo’opate lebe mau lo 2 yuta lo tawu wawu prajurit lonto olimongolio dulota. Periode to udipo popateya ditandai wolo konflik lo batas to paralel utara ke-38 wawu upaya negosiasi pemilihan umum owolo keutuhan Korea.[22] Negosiasi bolohuwalinga ketika Tentara Rakyat Korea malo sorangi Korea Selatan to 25 Juni 1950. Totibawa restu lo PBB, Amerika wawu Tentara Tiongkok malo dekengi Korea Utara, wawu to akhiriliyo mapana-panamao ode gencatan sonjata u ngope’e yilumuli mayi ulangi perbatasan awali towolota lo Korea Utara wawu Korea Selatan.

Anggadu gencatan sonjata tawunu 1953, wumbuta lo pamarenta Korea Utara wolo Korea Selatan, Uni Eropa, Kanada, Amerika Serikat wawu Jepang tatapu tegang. Pobubutahe pilo pohuheliliyo wolo genjatan sonjata, dabo duduluwo korea secara teknis donggi wolowu to delomo keadaan lo popateya. Korea Utara wawu Korea Selatan malohutu pali lo ulu’u Deklarasi Gabungan Utara-Selatan 15 Juni tawunu 2000, to u dudulowo pihak lojanjia u mongusaha mopotuwawu poli wolo cara damai. [23] Ngopohiyama’o boyito to 4 Oktober 2007, olongia lonto Utara wawu Selatan malo a’abita lo ulu’u Umohutu rapat puncak u mobisala lo pornyataan mopohuheli pobubutahe secara resmi wawu mengukuhkan poli prinsip non-agresi [24]

Abad ke-20

Korea Utara wawu selatan ja pornah lohutu pali lo ulu’u lojanjia perdamaian, jadi secara resmi donggo to delomo status lo popateya. Bo tuwawu lo gencatan sonjata u pilo maklumuliyo. Upaya mopo’odamai to hianga lo pertempuran kiki’o wawu upaya pomateya.Korea Utara gagal to delomo mohelungolo upaya pomateya ode olongia Korea Selatan. Wolo u paling ilotawa to 1968, 1974 wawu pengeboman Rangoon to 1983, terowongan laito hemotapu to tibawa lo Zona Demiliterisasi, wawu popateya ngope’e lo butu akibat Insiden Pembunuhan Kapal to Panmunjom to 1976. To 1973, wumbuta to lenggota molanggato u raha-rahasia da’a ma hepohutuwolo melalui kantori-kantori Palang Merah, dabo lopulito lapatao insiden Panmunjom wolo ngoidi kemajuan

Abad ke-21

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To 2002, presiden Amerika Serikat Goerge W. Bush lo juluki Korea Utara debo pitango londo “poros setan” wawu “pos terdepan tirani”. Wumbuta lenggota molanggato u pornah pilahutuliyo lo pamarnta Korea Utara wolo Amerika Serikat deuyito-yito kunjunagn Menteri Luar Negeri Amarika Serikat Madelenie Albright ode Pyongyang to tawunu 2000, eleponu uduluwo negera dila lo jalini wumbuta diplomatik u resmi. To tawunu 2006, imbide’o 37.000 serdadu Amerika donggo wolowu to Korea Selatan

Referensi

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  1. ↑ "Korea, North". The World Factbook (dalam bahasa Inggris). Central Intelligence Agency. 6 December 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 August 2015. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "North Korea country profile". BBC News. 17 October 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 June 2022. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2023.
  3. ↑ Templat:Cite CIA World Factbook
  4. ↑ "UNData app". data.un.org.
  5. ↑ Kim, Dawool (December 2022). "Assessing regional economy in North Korea using nighttime light". Asia and the Global Economy. 2 (3). doi:10.1016/j.aglobe.2022.100046. Diakses tanggal 2025-05-15.
  6. ↑ Templat:Cite report
  7. ↑ "Decree on Redesignating Pyongyang Time". Naenara. 30 April 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 May 2018. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2018.
  8. ↑ "U.S.: N. Korea Boosting Guerrilla War Capabilities". FOX News Network, LLC. 2009-06-23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-27. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-04.
  9. ↑ Sanger, David E. (1991-05-29). "North Korea Reluctantly Seeks U.N. Seat". The New York Times Company. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-04.
  10. ↑ Jeong, Jae Sung (2009-05-27). "KCNA: Korean Peninsula in State of War". The Daily NK. The Daily NK. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-30. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-04.
  11. ↑ Spencer, Richard (2007-08-28). "North Korea power struggle looms". The Telegraph (online version of UK national newspaper). London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-02-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-31. A power struggle to succeed Kim Jong-il as leader of North Korea's Stalinist dictatorship may be looming after his eldest son was reported to have returned from semi-voluntary exile.
    Parry, Richard Lloyd (2007-09-05). "North Korea's nuclear 'deal' leaves Japan feeling nervous". The Times (online version of UK's national newspaper of record). London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-07-26. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-31. The US Government contradicted earlier North Korean claims that it had agreed to remove the Stalinist dictatorship’s designation as a terrorist state and to lift economic sanctions, as part of talks aimed at disarming Pyongyang of its nuclear weapons.
    Walsh, Lynn (2003-02-08). "The Korean crisis". CWI online: Socialism Today, February 2003 edition, journal of the Socialist Party, CWI England and Wales. socialistworld.net, website of the committee for a worker’s international. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-03. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-31. Kim Jong-il's regime needs economic concessions to avoid collapse, and just as crucially needs an end to the strategic siege imposed by the US since the end of the Korean war (1950–53). Pyongyang's nuclear brinkmanship, though potentially dangerous, is driven by fear rather than by militaristic ambition. The rotten Stalinist dictatorship faces the prospect of an implosion. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, which deprived North Korea of vital economic support, the regime has consistently attempted to secure from the US a non-aggression pact, recognition of its sovereignty, and economic assistance. The US's equally consistent refusal to enter into direct negotiations with North Korea, effectively ruling out a peace treaty to formally close the 1950–53 Korean war, has encouraged the regime to resort to nuclear blackmail.
    Oakley, Corey (2006). "US is threat to peace not North Korea". Edition 109 - October–November 2006. Socialist Alternative website in Australia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-23. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-31. In this context, the constant attempts by the Western press to paint Kim Jong-il as simply a raving lunatic look, well, mad. There is no denying that the regime he presides over is a nasty Stalinist dictatorship that brutally oppresses its own population. But in the face of constant threats from the US, Pyongyang's actions have a definite rationality from the regime's point of view.
  12. 1 2 Brooke, James (2003-10-02). "North Korea Says It Is Using Plutonium to Make A-Bombs". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-09-05. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-31. North Korea, run by a Stalinist dictatorship for almost six decades, is largely closed to foreign reporters and it is impossible to independently check today's claims.
  13. 1 2 Baruma, Ian. "Leader Article: Let The Music Play On". The Times of India. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-25. Diakses tanggal 2008-03-27. North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is one of the world's most oppressive, closed, and vicious dictatorships. It is perhaps the last living example of pure totalitarianism - control of the state over every aspect of human life.
  14. ↑ Finn, Peter (2009-06-08). "U.S. to Weigh Returning North Korea to Terror List". Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-07. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-19. The Bush administration removed North Korea from the list of terrorist states last year as part of an unfulfilled commitment by the dictatorship to dismantle its nuclear weapons program.
  15. ↑ "Constitution of North Korea (1972)". 1972. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-06-11. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-07.
  16. ↑ Martin, Bradley K. (2004). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books. hlm. 111. ISBN 0-312-32322-0. Although it was in that 1955 speech that Kim gave full voice to his arguments for juche, he had been talking along similar lines as early as 1948.
  17. ↑ "Freedom in the World, 2006". Freedom House. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-14. Diakses tanggal 2007-02-13. Citizens of North Korea cannot change their government democratically. North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship and one of the most restrictive countries in the world.
  18. ↑ "Economist Intelligence Unit democracy index 2006" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 2007. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-13. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-09. North Korea ranked in last place (167, lower is better)
  19. ↑ "A portrait of North Korea's new rich". The Economist. 2008-05-29. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-08-02. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-18. EVERY developing country worth its salt has a bustling middle class that is transforming the country and thrilling the markets. So does Stalinist North Korea.
  20. ↑ Bruce Cummings, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. 1: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945–1947, Princeton University Press
  21. ↑ Martin, Bradley K. (2004). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books +. hlm. 66–67. ISBN 0-312-32322-0.
  22. ↑ Hermes, Jr., Walter (1966). Truce Tent and Fighting Front. Center of Military History. hlm. 2,6,9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-02. Diakses tanggal 2009-09-15.
  23. ↑ "North-South Joint Declaration". Naenara. 2000-06-15. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-01.
  24. ↑ Reuters. "Factbox - North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-23. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-04.
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