July 27

July 27 is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 157 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, somewhere North of the Firth of Forth.
1202 – Georgian-Seljuk Wars: At the Battle of Basian, the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum.
1214 – Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies.
1299 – According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding date of the Ottoman State.
1302 – Battle of Bopheus: Ottoman victory over the Byzantines, opening up Bahynia for Turkish conquest.
1549 – Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan.
1663 – The English Parliament passes the Second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.
1689 – The Jacobite Army defeats Government forces in the Battle of Killiecrankie.
1694 – A Royal Charter is granted to the Bank of England.
1778 – American Revolution: First Battle of Usant – British and French fleets fight to a stand–off.
1789 – The United States Department of Foreign Affairs is founded, later being renamed the United States Department of State.
1793 – Maximilien Robespierre takes control of the 'Committee of Public Safety'.
1794 – Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 'Enemies of the Revolution'.
1830 – The July Revolution in France against King Charles II of France.
1862 – Sailing from San Francisco to Panama City, the SS Golden Gate catches fire and sinks off Manzanillo, Mexico.
1865 – Welsh settlers arrive in Chubut, Argentina.
1866 – The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, from Valentia Island, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland.
1880 – Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand – Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeats a British Army.
1890 – Vincent van Gogh is believed to have shot himself, leading to his death two days later.
1900 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany makes a speech comparing the Germans to the Huns. The word 'Huns' has often been used as an offensive word to describe Germans ever since.

1901 – 2000

1919 – The Chicago Race Riot breaks out after an incident on the South Side. Subsequent rioting leads to 38 deaths.
1921 – University of Toronto researchers, led by Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulation regulates blood sugar.
1924 – The 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris come to an end.
1929 – The Third Geneva Convention, on dealing with prisoners of war, is signed by 53 nations.
1940 – Bugs Bunny makes his debut (first appearance) on television.
1941 – World War II: Japanese troops occupy French Indochina, in what is now Vietnam.
1942 – World War II: Allied forces successfully halt a final Axis advance into Egypt.
1945 – Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1953 – The Korean War ends.
1955 – The Allied occupation of Austria officially ends.
1976 – Former Prime Minister of Japan Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws.
1983 – At Weikada High Security Prison in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 18 Tamil prisoners are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners.
1990 – Belarus declares independence.
1990 – The Jamaat al–Muslimeen group attempts a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago.
1995 – The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC.
1996 – A bomb explodes at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, US, killing 1 person. Eric Rudolph carried out the attack.
1997 – Jan Ullrich becomes the first German to win the Tour de France.
1997 – About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.

From 2001

2002 – In New Zealand's election, Helen Clark's Labor Party Government is reelected.
2002 – The world's worst ever air show disaster occurs in Lviv, Ukraine, as a Sukhoi Su–27 fighter crashes, killing 85 people.
2005 – NASA suspends Space Shuttle flights, just a day after the Discovery launch, as, during it, part of the foam insulation sheds from the fuel tank. Repairs are performed on space walks and the Shuttle lands safely on August 9.
2006 – The Federal Republic of Germany is deemed guilty in the loss of Bashkirian 2937 and DHL Flight 611, because it is illegal to outsource flight surveillance.
2007 – Two news helicopters, from TV Stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Phoenix, Arizona, while covering a police chase.
2012 – The 2012 Summer Olympics in London begin.
2013 – Between 65 and 100 people are estimated to have been killed in clashes between the military, and supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt.
2018 – The longest–lasting total lunar eclipse of the 21st century is seen in many parts of the world; coincidentally, it occurs at the same time as Mars' closest approach to Earth in 15 years.

Births

Up to 1900

1452 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508)
1667 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748)
1733 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779)
1734 – Princess Sophie of France (d. 1782)
1740 – Jeanne Baret, French naturalist (d. 1803)
1768 – Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter (d. 1839)
1768 – Charlotte Corday, French aristocrat who killed Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793)
1773 – Jacob Aall, Norwegian politician and historian (d. 1844)
1773 – Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (d. 1802)
1781 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1828)
1784 – Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (d. 1839)
1824 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French writer (d. 1895)
1833 – Thomas George Bonney, geologist (d. 1923)
1834 – Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian national hero (d. 1879)
1835 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer (d. 1907)
1848 – Lorand Eotvos, Hungarian physicist (d. 1919)
1851 – Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (d. 1915)
1851 – Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery, British noblewoman (d. 1890)
1853 – Vladimir Korolenko, Russian writer (d. 1921)
1854 – Takahashi Korekiyo, 20th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
1857 – José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican political leader (d. 1921)
1857 – Augusta Stowe-Gullen, Canadian physician and feminist (d. 1943)
1857 – E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist and philologist (d. 1934)
1866 – Antonio José de Almeida, Portuguese politician (d. 1929)
1867 – Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916)
1870 – Hilaire Belloc, English writer (d. 1953)
1877 – Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 1960)
1878 – Iwane Matsui, Japanese general (d. 1948)
1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1960)
1880 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (d. 1948)
1881 – Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
1882 – Geoffrey de Havilland, British aircraft designer (d. 1965)
1886 – Ernst May, German architect (d. 1970)
1896 – Robert George, Scottish–born 24th Governor of South Australia (d. 1967)
1896 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (d. 1969)
1900 – Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (d. 1976)

1901 – 1950

1903 – Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek politician (d. 2002)
1903 – Nikolai Cherkasov, actor (d. 1966)
1904 – Lyudmila Rudenko, Russian chess player (d. 1986)
1905 – Leo Durocher, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1991)
1906 – Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (d. 2000)
1907 – Gregory Vlastos, American philosopher (d. 1991)
1908 – Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996)
1910 – Julien Gracq, French writer (d. 2007)
1910 – Lupita Tovar, Mexican actress (d. 2017)
1915 – Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982)
1916 – Elizabeth Hardwick, novelist (d. 2007)
1916 – Keenan Wynn, American character actor (d. 1986)
1916 – Amha Selassie, Crown Prince of Ethiopia (d. 1997)
1917 – Bourvil, French actor (d. 1970)
1918 – Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
1919 – Jack Goody, English social anthropologist (d. 2015)
1922 – Norman Lear, American television writer and producer
1923 – Masutatsu Oyama, founder of Kyokushin marshal art (d. 1994)
1924 – Vincent Canby, movie critic (d. 2000)
1927 – Heinz Wewers, German footballer (d. 2008)
1927 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (d. 2014)
1927 – Guy Carawan, American folk musician (d. 2015)
1928 – Karl Mai, German footballer (d. 1993)
1928 – Joe Kittinger, American pilot
1929 – Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher (d. 2007)
1930 – Shirley Williams, British politician
1931 – Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (d. 2018)
1931 – Khieu Samphan, Cambodian politician
1937 – Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009)
1938 – Isabelle Aubret, French singer
1938 – Gary Gygax, American game creator (d. 2008)
1939 – Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet
1939 – William Eggleston, American photographer
1940 – Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
1940 – Gary Kurtz, American film producer (d. 2018)
1942 – John Pleshette, American actor, director and screenwriter
1942 – Dennis Ralston, American tennis player
1943 – Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat
1943 – John Button, English racing driver (d. 2014)
1944 – Tony Capstick, English comedian (d. 2003)
1944 – Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter
1944 – Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist
1944 – Barbara Thompson, British musician and composer
1948 – Peggy Fleming, American figure skater
1948 – Hans Rosling, Swedish physician, academic, statistician and public speaker (d. 2017)
1949 – André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player
1949 – Rory MacDonald, Scottish musician (Runrig)
1949 – Maureen McGovern, American singer and Broadway actress
1949 – Maury Chaykin, American–Canadian actor (d. 2010)

1951 – 1975

1951 – Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish politician
1951 – Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (d. 2019)
1952 – Roxanne Hart, American actress
1954 – Peter L. Allen, actor and musician
1954 – Philippe Alliot, French racing driver
1957 – Bill Engvall, American comedian
1957 – Allan Simmons, English Scrabble player
1958 – Christopher Dean, English figure skater
1958 – Barbara Rudnik, German actress (d. 2009)
1959 – Siobhan Redmond, Scottish actress
1960 – Conway Savage, Australian rock singer–songwriter and pianist (d. 2018)
1960 – Emily Thornberry, English politician
1960 – Jo Durie, English tennis player
1961 – Daniel C. Burbank, American astronaut
1962 – Tony Leung, Chinese actor
1963 – Donnie Yen, Chinese–Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist
1965 – José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer
1965 – Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2016)
1967 – Juliana Hatfield, musician
1967 – Monique Sluyter, Dutch model
1967 – Kellie Waymire, actress (d. 2003)
1968 – Cliff Curtis, New Zealand actor
1969 – Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress
1969 – Triple H, American professional wrestler
1969 – Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer
1972 – Jill Arrington, American sports reporter
1972 – Maya Rudolph, American actress, singer and screenwriter
1972 – Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut
1973 – Abe Cunningham, American drummer (Deftones)
1974 – Eason Chan, Hong Kong pop singer
1975 – Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer
1975 – Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player
1975 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player

From 1976

1976 – Fernando Ricksen, Dutch footballer (d. 2019)
1977 – Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, British actor
1977 – Björn Dreyer, German footballer
1979 – Sidney Govou, French footballer
1979 – Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler
1980 – Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
1983 – Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer
1983 – Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer
1984 – Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player
1984 – Arynne Sherouse, American writer, actor, and singer
1984 – Iekeliene Stange, Dutch model
1985 – Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player
1986 – DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player
1986 – Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player
1987 – Marek Hamsik, Slovakian footballer
1987 – Jordan Hill, American basketball player
1989 – Charlotte Arnold, Canadian actress
1989 – Mohamed Bangura, Sierra Leonean footballer
1990 – Indiana Evans, Australian actress
1990 – Nick Hogan, American reality TV personality
1990 – Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1991 – Rena Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1993 – Jordan Spieth, American golfer
1994 – Winnie Harlow, Canadian model

Deaths

Up to 1900

432 – Pope Celestine I
916 – Clement of Ohrid, Slavic archbishop and scholar (b. 840)
1101 – Conrad II of Italy (b. 1074)
1276 – King James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
1365 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339)
1382 – Joanna I of Naples (b. 1326)
1656 – Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593)
1675 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (b. 1611)
1759 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (b. 1698)
1770 – Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
1783 – Johann Philipp Kirnberger, German composer and music theorist (b. 1721)
1841 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer, poet and painter (b. 1814)
1844 – John Dalton, English physicist and chemist (b. 1776)
1863 – William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (b. 1813)
1873 – Fyodor Tyutchev, Russian poet (b. 1803)
1883 – Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813)

1901 – 2000

1917 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss doctor, won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841)
1924 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist (b. 1866)
1946 – Gertrude Stein, American writer and publicist (b. 1874)
1948 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (b. 1880)
1962 – Richard Herrmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
1962 – James H. Kindelberger, American aerospace pioneer (b. 1895)
1970 – António de Oliveira Salazar, President of Portugal (b. 1889)
1971 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924)
1978 – Bob Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890)
1978 – Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (b. 1907)
1980 – Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
1985 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (b. 1889)
1987 – Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1903)
1988 – Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901)
1990 – Elizabeth Allan, British actress (b. 1908)
1991 – Gino Colaussi, Italian footballer (b. 1914)
1995 – Miklos Rozsa, Hungarian–American composer (b. 1907)
1995 – Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician (b. 1915)
1999 – Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1912)

From 2001

2001 – Leon Wilkeson, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952)
2003 – Bob Hope, English–American comedian (b. 1903)
2008 – Horst Stein, German conductor (b. 1928)
2010 – Maury Chaykin, American–Canadian actor (b. 1949)
2011 – Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (b. 1935)
2012 – Jack Taylor, English football referee (b. 1930)
2012 – Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (b. 1944)
2012 – Norman Alden, American actor (b. 1924)
2012 – R. G. Armstrong, American actor (b. 1917)
2012 – Tony Martin, American singer (b. 1913)
2012 – Russ Mayberry, Scottish–American television director (b. 1926)
2013 – Lindy Boggs, American politician (b. 1916)
2013 – Jon Leyne, British journalist (b. 1958)
2014 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (b. 1929)
2014 – Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Japanese–American Rinzai Zen teacher (b. 1907)
2014 – Paul Schell, 50th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1937)
2014 – George Freese, American baseball player (b. 1926)
2015 – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian scientist and politician, 11th President of India (b. 1931)
2015 – Samuel Pisar, Polish–born American lawyer and author (b. 1929)
2016 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (b. 1928)
2016 – Jack Davis, American artist (b. 1924)
2016 – Richard Thompson, American cartoonist (b. 1957)
2016 – James Alan McPherson, American writer (b. 1943)
2016 – Jerry Doyle, American actor, broadcaster and political commentator (b. 1956)
2016 – Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1915)
2017 – D. L. Menard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932)
2017 – Ovidio Messa, Bolivian footballer (b. 1952)
2017 – Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor (b. 1943)
2017 – Marty Sklar, American businessman (b. 1934)
2017 – Magnus Böcker, Swedish businessman (b. 1961)
2018 – Michael P. DeLong, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General (b. 1945)
2018 – Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian sexologist and television presenter (b. 1938)
2018 – Bernard Hepton, English actor (b. 1925)
2018 – Vladimir Voinovich, Russian novelist and journalist (b. 1932)
2018 – Gervase Markham, British computer programmer (b. 1978)
2018 – Enrique Verástegui, Peruvian poet, physicist and philosopher (b. 1950)
2019 – Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (b. 1923)
2019 – Humphrey Mijnals, Surinamese–Dutch footballer (b. 1930)
2019 – Mike Roarke, American baseball player (b. 1930)
2019 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist (b. 1931)

Observances

National Sleepy Head Day (Finland)
Victory Day (North Korea)
José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico)