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Pre 2004 Publications

2004 | Earlier publications: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |

The Culture of Science in France, 1700-1900
Robert Fox, University of Oxford, UK

This volume treats a remarkable period in the history of science in France. The articles in the first of its two sections, concerned with patronage and institutions, explore the structures that fostered research and the diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge, not only in the great institutions under state control but also in the very different world of the independent academies and the many scientific and industrial societies in Paris and the provinces. The second section focuses on the physical sciences, in particular the physics of heat and the imponderable fluids, and their relations with experimental and technological practice. It contains studies of figures of outstanding importance in the history of French science, including J.H. Lambert, P.S. de Laplace, and Sadi Carnot. Taken together, the articles provide an unusually coherent picture of a nation's science over a period of a century, developing a methodological perspective that unites cognitive and social considerations.

Cet ouvrage traite d'une p�riode remarquable de l'histoire scientifique fran�aise. Les articles dans la premi�re des deux sections, concernant le m�c�nat et les institutions, explorent les structures qui encourageaient la recherche et la diffusion des connaissances scientifiques et technologiques; ce, non seulement dans les grandes institutions sous contr�le �tatique, mais aussi dans le monde tr�s diff�rent des acad�mies ind�pendantes et des nombreuses soci�t�s scientifiques et industrielles � Paris et en province. La seconde section porte sur les sciences physiques, en particulier la physique thermique et les fluides impond�rables, ainsi que leurs relations avec la pratique exp�rimentale et technologique. Elle contient des �tudes de grands personnages d'une importance exceptionnelle dans l'histoire de la science fran�aise, comprenant: J.H. Lambert, P.S. de Laplace et Sadi Carnot. Dans leur ensemble, ces textes fournissent une image coh�rente de la science d'une nation � travers tout un si�cle, tout en d�veloppant une perspective m�thodologique qui unit des consid�rations cognitives et sociales.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783391 - �67.50 - November 1992 - 352 pp.

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Andrew Cunningham, the most celebrated British Admiral of the Second World War, was commander-in-chief of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1939-1942. He subsequently headed the British Admiralty Delegation in Washington in 1942, directed the North African landings in November 1942 and in 1943 became Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, for a second time, before succeeding Sir Dudley Pound as First Sea Lord in October 1943; these appointments will be covered in the second volume. The first volume explores Cunningham's strategy and operations from June 1940 to March 1942. Included here are the clash with the Italian Fleet off Calabria in July 1940 and the victory at Matapan in March 1941, together with the brilliant Fleet Air Arm attack on Taranto in November 1940. The book deals also with the bitter fighting in the waters around Greece and Crete in the spring of 1941, the Navy's support of Army operations in the Western Desert, and convoys to Malta, together with the activities of the striking forces based there. The volume consists of some 325 edited documents drawn from Cunningham's personal papers and his reports found in the Admiralty and War Cabinet records, accompanied by introductory essays.

Volume 2 is forthcoming in 2000.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146222 - �75.00 - April 1999 - 662 pp.

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During the First World War German use of unrestricted submarine warfare, supported by extensive mining and surface raids, very nearly forced Britain out of the war in 1917. The island's heavy dependence on seaborne supplies was gravely threatened again in 1939, supplemented this time by air attacks on shipping.

After the war Commanders Waters and Barley wrote a Naval Staff History which has long been recognised as an authoritative study of the impact of the German campaign and its ultimate defeat by Britain and her allies. It remains an indispensable basis for any serious study of the Battle of the Atlantic and has here been updated and revised by Dr Grove, who also contributes a perceptive introduction outlining its significance.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284035 - �82.50 - December 1997 - 608 pp.

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There has been much discussion about the origin of marketing and marketing thought, and whether it was truly American in origin. Nevertheless, it is true that US marketing management thought was very influential throughout the world in the latter half of the twentieth century, becoming dominant after the Second World War. In order to recognise why and how this kind of thought developed in the USA, it is necessary to explore the historical contexts in which the marketing management thought was produced and developed at this time, as well as the contents of the thought.

This work argues that while doubts about the US origin of marketing are acceptable, marketing management thought, which especial appeals to mass producers such as the USA, developed according to their particular needs. This book looks at the relationship between theories of marketing and the historical context in which they were developed, rescuing them from later generalizations that failed to take into account contemporary social and economic factors.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606066 - c. �45.00 - October 2003 - c 280 pp.

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This volume is concerned with the origins, development and character of ritual in Islam. The focus is upon the rituals associated with the five 'pillars of Islam': the credal formula, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787125 - c. �75.00 - August 2003 - c 356 pp.

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Woodworking has been one of the most important technologies from the earliest times. Carpentry was important for buildings and bridges and as an integral part of most construction processes. The history of this subject has been explored by a variety of scholars, from archaeologists who have studied medieval timber techniques to engineers who have been interested in the development of bridges. The different studies have explored the methods of carpentry, the behaviour of the structures that were built and even the economic and social histories behind the development of carpentry techniques. This book collects together a number of papers representing this full range of scholarship as well as providing a general review of work in the field.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787575 - �87.50 - June 1999 - 438 pp.

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This is a first-hand account of the expedition led by H. M. Stanley in 1887-89 to the relief of Emin Pasha, Governor of Equatoria. A. J. Mounteney Jephson, a typical late Victorian traveller, took part in Stanley's last expedition in Africa. His recently-discovered diary describes the voyage out of the mouth of the Congo; the journey up the Congo and across the Ituri forests to Lake Albert; the meeting with Emin Pasha; the mutiny of Emin's troops and their imprisonment of Emin and Jephson; and the journey back to the East coast. Though it fell short of its political and commercial aims, the expedition was important geographically as it solved the last mystery of African topography - the position and nature of the sources of the Nile.

Hardback - ISBN: 0521010217 - �30.00 - January 1969 - 468 pp.

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Though we can no longer hear how it sounded, the written sources that remain provide much information on the music of the medieval Islamic and Jewish worlds, on how it was regarded and on the importance that was attached to it. Amnon Shiloah has been a pioneer in the exploration of these sources, and the present volume brings together some of the results. The opening studies examine, with annotated translations, several key works expounding the meaning of music and its power, in terms of its ethical and therapeutic effects and properties. The following articles focus on scientific writings about music and on the transmission of musical knowledge, while the final section approaches the subject from the angle of religion, noting how the power attributed to music occasioned the distrust of many religious figures, who feared its capacity to deprave and debase its audience.

Bien que nous ne puissions plus de nos jours l'entendre, les sources �crites qui ont surv�cu apportent �norm�ment d'information sur la musique des mondes juifs et islamiques, sur l'importance qui y �tait attach�e et sur son r�le. Le professeur Shiloah est un des pionniers en terme d'exploration de ces sources et le pr�sent volume rassemble un certain nombre des r�sultats de ses recherches. Les premi�res �tudes, accompagn�es de traductions annot�es, font l'examen de plusieurs travaux importants, exposant la signification de la musique et sa puissance de par ses effets et ses propri�t�s morales et th�rapeutiques. Les articles suivants se concentrent sur les �crits scientifiques au sujet de la musique et sur la propagation de la connaissance musicale. La derni�re section aborde le sujet � partir de l'aspect de la religion, soulignant combien le pouvoir attribu� � la musique entra�nait une certaine m�fiance de la part d'un certain nombre de religieux, qui craignaient son aptitude � avilir et d�praver ceux qui l'ecoutaient.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783529 - �65.00 - January 1993 - 320 pp.

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In this new study the authors examine a range of theories about the state of nature in seventeenth and eighteenth century England, considering the contribution they made to the period's discourse on sovereignty and their impact on literary activity. The texts examined include Leviathan, Oceana, Second Treatise on Government, Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Absalom and Achitophel, Oroonoko, Robinson Crusoe, David Simple and Tom Jones. The state of nature is identified as an important organizing principle for narratives, ranging through both philosophy and literature, and as a way of situating the author within either a reactionary or a radical political tradition.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754604551 - c. �45.00 - December 2002 - c 200 pp.

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In 1623 Richard Jobson published an account of a 1620-1621 English voyage up River Gambra, during which a party, led by himself, penetrated to a point some 460 miles up-river. The purpose of the voyage was to make contact with the gold trade of the West African interior, but in this there was little success. However, Jobson's account of the river, its commerce, natural history, peoples, religions and polities, was the earliest to appear in print, in this fullness of detail, in any language. It was also the earliest detailed account of any part of Black Africa, by an Englishman.

Jobson's account, almost entirely original, has special interest in its author's observations on the African scene, particularly those on the African peoples and individuals encountered. Jobson discusses such topics as local agriculture and trade, the role of Islam, political culture, and the position of women. Despite the limits of his experience, his observations are seemingly accurate and generally perceptive, as well as being (perhaps unexpectedly) often tolerant and even sympathetic.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180646 - �45.00 - October 1999 - 368 pp.

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In 1819, William Smith, with a general cargo from Montevideo to Valparaiso, sailed further south round Cape Horn than his predecessors, in the hope of finding favourable winds. He sighted land in 62"S. His report to the Senior Naval Officer in Valparaiso was ridiculed, but on a subsequent voyage he confirmed his discovery, taking surroundings and sailing along the coast. As a result Captain Shirreff, the Senior Naval Officer, chartered his vessel, the brig Williams, and having put Edward Bransfield, the master of his ship, HMS Andromache, in charge, sent her to survey the new discovery. Charles Poynter was one of the midshipmen who sailed with Bransfield. His account of this expedition, which forms the principal part of this volume, recently came to light in New Zealand, and is the only first-hand account of the voyage, during which the Antarctic mainland was sighted for the first time, that appears to have survived. The introduction contains some remarks on the South Shetland Islands, followed by chapters giving a brief look at the history of the Spanish in South America and the British presence in the area, together with the speculation leading to the search for Antarctica and chapters on early nineteenth-century navigation and hydrographic surveying.
There were a number of second-hand accounts of William Smith's earlier voyages, and Bransfield's expedition which appeared in reports, journals and books at the time. These are included with brief accounts of other voyages to the South Shetland Islands which took place while Bransfield was in the area, to complete the picture. Poynter's journal explains the reasons behind most of the names given to land features, some of which were not included in the published accounts at the time. There are also three charts and a number of views which are reproduced together with modern photographs of the area. It also contains a large number of geographical positions which enable a track chart of the voyage to be produced and an assessment of the accuracy of this short but remarkable voyage to be made. Finally the chart published as a result of Bransfield's survey is included.

Hardback - ISBN: 090418062X - �45.00 - January 2001 - 248 pp.

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Forty years after his death, Wells Coates is seen as a seminal figure in the modern movement in architecture in Britain. His blocks of flats, his shop and office designs, houses, interiors, radios and other industrial designs, are evidence of his commitment to a functional aesthetic and of his refusal to compromise his own high standards.

Wells Coates's daughter Laura Cohn has written this book to illustrate the conflicts, qualities and disappointments of an extraordinary man. A portrait rather than a biography, the book begins with Coates's upbringing in Japan and ends with his death in Vancouver in 1958. In between it traces the beliefs that guided his working life, his ambitions, successes, and disappointments. The story of his unhappy marriage shows one part of his life experience; relationships with friends, colleagues and enemies reveal another side. The longest chapter, on Lawn Road Flats, is of both personal and professional interest: it provides an absorbing account of how plans evolved for this now famous building and of the relationships between Coates and his clients. The building's future has been the subjects of endless discussion in local and national newspapers and on radio and TV. The Door to a Secret Room gives context and information essential to anyone who has an interest in this landmark.

A man who in the words of one of his colleagues was often "his own worst enemy", Wells Coates, for all the troubles of his public and private life, kept an admirable purity in his work as an architect-designer. His story is of interest not just to architects or designers, but to anyone who might wish to look at the example of a man's struggles and dilemmas in our complex century.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146958 - �27.50 - June 1999 - 240 pp.

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The Drawings of Sir Joshua Reynolds is the first book to be devoted exclusively to the artists activities as a draftsman and collector of drawings. It draws upon a wealth of unpublished material in the form of sketchbooks, albums, isolated sheets of drawings and oil sketches - much of which will be unfamiliar even to those acquainted with Reynolds's career. In addition to examining Reynolds's drawings in their own right, the book takes into account the environment in which Reynolds worked and the circumstances of artistic production in eighteenth-century England. Reynolds's early drawings are, for example, related to contemporary attitudes towards the role of drawing in education, while later drawings are evaluated within the context of the professional and financial pressures attendant on portrait production. Ultimately, the book dispels the common misapprehension that drawing was of marginal importance to Reynolds, and reveals their integral role in the artist's creative process.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283659 - c. �30.00 - January 2004 - c 96 pp.

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Tracing the development of Venetian fashion and their appearance in contemporary works of art, this book discusses the unique attitude of the Venetian Republic to the dress of its patricians, its citizens and its women, as well as to the dress of foreigners. It relies extensively on the views of the Senate on dress, and considers Venice's contempt for the current fashions in the rest of Italy. There is also a discussion of the position of the tailors of Venice and their methods of work as well as an invaluable appendix detailing the textiles then in use at the time.

This book is essential to students and teachers of the history of art, the history of dress and the theatre as well as to those interested in Venetian social life during the period covered, and in Italian renaissance studies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859677354 - �57.50 - January 1989 - 216 pp.

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This volume provides the first survey in English of the Dutch involvement in the Atlantic slave trade and slave system. It covers the period from the origins of the trade and the Dutch conquest of part of Brazil in the early 17th century, to the abolition of slavery in the Dutch West Indies in the later 19th century. Individual chapters focus on the 'investment bubble' in the Dutch plantation colonies, Dutch participation in the illegal slave trade, and the effects of ameliorisation policies and then emancipation on the slaves of Suriname. Professor Emmer also highlights the particular characteristics of the Dutch West India Company - markedly different from the better-known East India Company - and the low-key nature of the debate on slave emancipation in The Netherlands.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786978 - �57.50 - July 1998 - 298 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1859283594 - c. �40.00 - February 2003 - c 256 pp.

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The architecture of the great 'Domed Basilicas' of 6th-century Constantinople, Hagia Sophia above all, continues to be a source of wonder, but its origins and evolutions remain unclear. In the absence of late 5th-century monuments from the capital, the churches of Cilicia and Isauria in southern Asia Minor can serve as indicators for the patterns that were developing. These regions have a dense concentration of surviving early monuments, especially from the reign of the Isaurian emperor Zeno (474-91), and the Isaurians were famed for their building skills.
The present volume combines a catalogue of these churches with a detailed analysis of their significance for the development of ecclesiastical architecture in the 4th-6th centuries. Cilician and Isaurian basilicas include transepts, ambulatories, and other modifications to the basic basilical plan which, it is argued, were necessary to adapt it to take account of martyrial needs, and showed the way for the emergence of the more centralised forms of the 6th century. In this volume Stephen Hill includes discussion of major monuments such as Alahan and Meyreml�k, and has made full use of the Gertrude Bell and Michael Gough archives for the study of monuments and features no longer extant.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786072 - �59.95 - April 1996 - 342 pp.

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This book is about 'The East Brittany Survey', a project designed to investigate changing land-use, and its relationship to settlement pattern, in the Morbihan in eastern Brittany, during the last two millennia. Its primary concern is with people's relationship with the land in a northern European cereal-growing economy, and the way this has changed over time.

It is equally about appropriate methodologies for archaeological field survey, since the project was as much concerned with establishing a viable methodology as with the particulars of the region.

The authors demonstrate that productive fieldwork can certainly be undertaken in a landscape that was well-used (rather than 'marginal' or peripheral), and undertaken with a focus on the historic period. While they have made ample use of the excellent supply of written source material, from the early middle ages to the 20th century (including a good corpus of localizable material relating to land-use in the later middle-ages and after), they have shown that a careful programme of fieldwalking, together with a judicious use of excavation and of architectural survey, can contribute plentiful new information. This throws a new perspective on the Roman period and is particularly rich on the period from the 11th to 17th centuries.

This book shows us what modern field survey methods can contribute to our understanding of historic archaeology in Europe and shows how the interface between documents and landscape can be explored.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859281257 - �82.50 - December 1994 - 320 pp.

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This volume, which includes three previously unpublished studies, is concerned with the economic history of the Late Roman and Byzantine empires between the 4th and 12th centuries. Its aim is to help bridge the gap that still exists between historians and numismatists, and to evolve a consistent and plausible monetary history of the period. The first group of articles examines the nature and functioning of the late antique and Byzantine economy, and looks in particular at the 12th century, arguing that this was not a time of decline, but of expansion, and that the coinage formed a coherent and reasonably stable system, not one in chaos due to indiscriminate debasement. The next articles focus on the relationship between coin production and fiscal administration. They set out the proposition that, for much of the period in question, coin was not produced and distributed to perform any commercial or broader economic function, but to serve fiscal needs: its primary purpose was to provide a medium in which the state, or emperor, could collect taxes and disburse public expenditure.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782530 - �59.50 - September 1989 - 304 pp.

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Throughout the sixteenth century, political and intellectual developments in Britain and The Netherlands were closely intertwined. At different times religious refugees from one or other country found a secure haven across the Channel, and a constant interchange of books, ideas and personnel underscored the affinity of lands which both made a painful progress towards Protestantism during the course of the century.

This collection of ten new studies, all by specialists active in the field, explores the full ramifications of these links, from the first intellectual contacts inspired by the growth of Humanism to the planting of established Protestant churches. With contributions from specialists in art history, literary studies and history, the volume also underscores the vitality of new research in this field and points the way to several new departures in the field of Reformation and Renaissance studies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754600017 - �55.00 - June 1999 - 288 pp.

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The Edwardian Detective examines the range of detective literature produced between 1901 and 1915 in Britain, during the reign of Edward VII and the early reign of George V. It assesses Edwardian detective literature as cultural history, with a focus on such issues as legal reform, marital reform, surveillance, international diplomacy, the arms race, Germanophobia, masculinity/femininity, the 'best-seller', and the concept of 'popular' literature.

Kestner also addresses specific issues related to the relationship of law to literature, such as: the law in literature; the law as literature; the role of literature in surveillance and policing; the interpretation of legal issues by literature; the degree to which literature describes and interprets law; the description of legal processes in detective literature; and the connections between detective literature and cultural practices and transitions.

This book is the first major study to investigate many of the 'canonical' and less-canonical writers of detective literature, focusing on such major figures as Conan Doyle, Chesterton, Bennett, Conrad, and Buchan, but also re-investigating writers such as Bramah, Mason, Barr, Bentley, Prichard, and Childers. Important women writers of the genre are also discussed, including Lowndes, Orczy, and Meade.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146079 - �49.95 - January 2000 - 424 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1840146583 - c. �42.50 - June 2002 - c 300 pp.

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The twentieth century has seen the rise of modern central banking. At its close, it is also witnessing the first steps in the decline of the role of some of the most famous of these institutions. In this volume, some of the world's best known specialists examine the process whereby central banks emerged and asserted themselves within the economic and political spheres of their respective countries. Although the theory and the political economy that presided over their creation did not show great divergence across borders, a considerable institutional variety was nevertheless the result. Among the many factors responsible for this diversity, attention is drawn here not only to the idiosyncrasies of domestic financial systems and to the occurrence of political shocks with major monetary repercussions, such as wars, but also to the peculiarities of each economy and of the political and social climate reigning at the time when central banks were created or formalized.

The twelve essays cover European, Asian and American experiences and many of them use a comparative approach.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282415 - �57.50 - December 1999 - 398 pp.

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The rapid eclipse of Chartism, and the relative tranquility of the period 1848-67 has been one of the most enduring puzzles of nineteenth-century British history. This book takes a fresh look at this conundrum, treating the period between the Reform Acts of 1832 and 1867 as a coherent whole for the first time. It suggests that previous depictions of 1848 as a watershed in British history have both exaggerated the nature of the transitions which occurred at mid-century, and have over-estimated both the collapse of radical attitudes and the fading of working-class resentment.

The experiences of the Manchester working class show that poverty, unemployment and hardship persisted through the mid-Victorian boom. While some workers may have taken advantage of economic opportunities and the various movements of social and moral reform promoted by the middle class to acquire respectability, in general, attempts at middle-class 'moral imperialism' brought only marginal changes to popular culture and attitudes. Instead, it is argued, the roots of the radical collapse and of political stability lie elsewhere: in the initial failure of radical leaders to sustain a firm consensus on effective strategies of reform, and in changes in the political culture of the mid-century city which closed off spaces in which independent working-class politics could continue to function.

In the context of the most important industrial city of the era, this study provides a wide-ranging analysis of the complex forces which forged the uneasy compromise on which mid-nineteenth century stability rested.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282768 - �55.00 - March 1996 - 352 pp.

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Draw ing on extensive primary research, Greg Smith describes the shifting cultural identities of the English watercolour, and the English watercolourist, at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. His convincing narrative of the conflicts and alliances that marked the history of the medium and its practitioners during this period includes careful detail about the broader artistic context within which watercolours were produced, acquired and discussed.

Smith calls into question many of the received assumptions about the history of watercolour painting. His account exposes the unsatisfactory nature of the traditional narrative of watercolour painting's development into a 'high' art form, which has tended to offer a celebratory focus on the innovations and genius of individual practitioners such as Turner and Girtin, rather than detailing the anxieties and aspirations that characterized the ambivalent status of the watercolourist.

The Emergence of the Professional Watercolourist is published with the assistance of the Paul Mellon Foundation.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460005X - c. �45.00 - June 2002 - c 272 pp.

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This volume opens with the reproduction of some of the most significant 17th-century writings on architecture: Francis Bacon's 2 essays 'Of Building' and 'Of Gardens' (1597-1625) and Sir Henry Wotton's treatise 'The Elements of Architecture' (1623). These writings provide a useful introduction to the manner in which architecture and related subjects were viewed in the following century.

The second part of this study details the compilation of John Harris's Lexicon Technicum. Born in 1666, Harris, a clergyman-scholar, worked largely unaided to produce the first book in English to portray writings on science, technology and allied arts and crafts. The first volume of Lexicon Technicum appeared in 1704 and its use of copious illustrative material was innovative for its time, later influencing Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia. The second volume of Lexicon Technicum was published as a Supplement to the first in 1710.

The c.550 letterpress articles concerned with architectural subjects in Lexicon Technicum are reproduced here, together with the original prefaces. This volume provides invaluable insights into the basis of 18th-century architectural thought, allowing readers to gauge the changes in the representation of architectural ideas in later encyclopaedic dictionaries.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280625 - �44.00 - September 1997 - 256 pp.

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The Cyclopaedia of Ephraim Chambers was first published in 1727, just a year after its compiler had released his prospectus for it. Chambers' extraordinary energy resulted in second and third editions of the work, with a fourth edition appearing in 1741, one year after his death.

The influence of the Cyclopaedia was enormous. An Italian translation appeared in Venice in 1748-9 and the proposed French translation eventually mutated into the famous Encyclop�die of Diderot and D'Alembert.

The letterpress articles concerned with architecture and allied subjects (over 700 of them) in the two volumes which comprise the Cyclopaedia are reproduced here together in one volume. In addition, the work provides the reader with a survey of the influence of Francis Bacon, an outline of Chambers' Division of Knowledge, and an account of the influence of Cyclopaedia on the French Encyclop�die.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280633 - �49.95 - September 1997 - 428 pp.

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Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language took over nine years to complete from its initial inception. Its final publication in 1755 was an extraordinary lexicographic achievement, the influence of which was felt down to the late 19th century.

In this volume Terence Russell examines over 700 entries in Johnson's Dictionary that relate to architectural subjects. The main sources for references are identified and Johnson's treatment of them examined. A study of Johnson's working methods and a lucid biographical account of the years preceding the Dictionary, provide the reader with full contextual apparatus, making this volume of interest not only to scholars of architectural history, but also to social and literary historians.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280641 - �44.00 - September 1997 - 256 pp.

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Of the encyclopaedic dictionaries examined in this series, only the Encyclopaedia Britannica is still published today, having been in print for over 200 years. The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica as we know it, was published in Edinburgh in 1771 by Andrew Bell, Colin Macfarquhar and William Smellie, together with 'A Society of Gentlemen'.

The original concept for the work was stimulated by the appearance in France between 1751 and 1772 of the Encyclop�die of Diderot and D'Alembert. The Encyclop�die introduced 2 new concepts which were employed in the Encyclopaedia Britannica: the introduction of 'crafts' in addition to the arts and sciences, and the incorporation of extended articles or Treatises.

This volume reproduces over 500 entries on architecture, arts and crafts found in the first edition. These include the full texts of the specialized writings on Architecture, Fortification, Gardening and Perspective.

Hardback - ISBN: 185928065X - �42.50 - September 1997 - 256 pp.

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The late 17th century saw a change in the status of the guilds of tradesmen which resulted in greater freedom for trade and craft procedures to be discussed more openly. This, together with the perceived need to expand public knowledge, culminated in a growing number of works addressing building and craft subjects.

One of the earliest and most important of these 18th century texts was The Builder's Dictionary, published in two volumes in 1734 by A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch. It proved to be the most comprehensive text on building crafts of its period and was a primary source for Johnson in the creation of his Dictionary.

Over 450 entries in The Builder's Dictionary refer to architectural subjects and these are reproduced here to provide essential information on 18th-century building trade practices and procedures, a conspectus of knowledge and a survey of terminology and nomenclature.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284094 - �45.00 - September 1997 - 288 pp.

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This thematic series investigates the treatment of architecture and related subjects in the major British reference works of this period. The series consists of 5 volumes, each one comprising an examination of the aims of the compiler(s), a study of the work's system of arrangement, a comprehensive inventory of all the writings (letterpress articles) on architectural subjects and allied arts and crafts.

For architectural historians, Terence Russell's series provides a wealth of information about 18th-century building trade practices and how these developed during the period. For those interested in the history of ideas and the development of the English language, a comparison between the entries in each volume reveals some valuable insights into 18th-century knowledge and its expression in encyclopaedic form.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284167 - �160.00 - May 1997 - Vol 1: 256 pages
Vol 2: 416 pages
Vol 3: 288pp.

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The great cathedrals and churches of the medieval West continue to awe. How were they built, and why do they remain standing? What did their builders know about what they were doing? These questions have given rise to considerable controversy, which is fully reflected in the papers selected here. The first section of the book is concerned with the medieval builders and their design methods; the second focuses on engineering issues in the context of the infamous collapse of the choir at Beauvais in 1284. The following papers extend the analysis into the 15th century, looking for example at Brunelleschi's dome for Florence Cathedral, and deal with the often neglected structures of roofs, towers and spires.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787508 - �87.50 - December 1997 - 398 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0860781089 - �69.50 - January 1982 - 348 pp.

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Despite the widely remarked indifference to philosophy of history that has characterised most British historians, important things were said in Britain from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth about historical knowledge and the nature of human history. This is a study of that distinctively English, Idealist, tradition. It connects Coleridge and Carlyle, whose writings have been the focus predominantly of literary scholarship, to thinkers who have been the subjects of philosophers', rather than historians', interest - John Stuart Mill, F.H. Bradley and R.G. Collingwood. It also draws striking parallels between Idealist thinking about history and Postmodernism.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142545 - �42.50 - March 2000 - 252 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 090418014X - �30.00 - January 1983 - 604 pp.

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These essays concentrate on the social history and political thought of the English Revolution of 1640-1660, fields in which the author has been a leading contributor to historical discussion. Topics covered include the origin and course of the revolt against the government of Charles I, the social character of the revolution, and important political figures such as Strafford, Pym, and Clarendon. One set of studies focuses on the thought of Thomas Hobbes, whose political philosophy was closely related to the revolutionary experience. Other essays set the English Revolution in the wider context of early modern European revolutions, and look at the English royal court, courtiership, and the practice of dissimulation associated with court politics.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786986 - �59.50 - December 1998 - 342 pp.

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1996 was the 250th anniversary of the last Jacobite rising. The history of the Movement can be charted through the large number of engravings that exist on the subject. These include some 200 portraits of the exiled Royal Family and over 450 images of 130 individuals associated with the Jacobite cause; many of these images have never been reproduced before.

At the time when most of the prints were published Jacobite sympathy was officially regarded as treasonable and possession of such images could result in prosecution. Consequently many of the images were published abroad, without identification, or trimmed of such incriminating detail by their English owners. In such circumstances it is remarkable that some prints continued to be engraved, as well as distributed, in Britain for several generations after the deposition of James II and VII in 1688. The long publishing history of other plates, showing demand for certain images continuing over several decades, is also an illuminating index of the enduring loyalties evoked by the Jacobite cause.

A key feature of this study is the comprehensive illustrated catalogue which details the scale of the publishing effort directed at a Jacobite market and serves as the basis for a discussion of of patterns of publishing activity and the importance of prints as propoganda.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282970 - �65.00 - September 1996 - 244 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 184014615X - c. �45.00 - July 2003 - c 300 pp.

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What kind of advice was available to somebody wishing to embark upon oil painting in England between 1850 and 1900? This book is a fascinating collection of Victorian instruction on how and what to paint, linked to crucial advice about art, its meaning, and its relation to contemporary life, given mostly by practising artists, important and often popular in their time, but whose lectures and writings are long overdue for reappraisal: Leslie, Hamerton, O'Neil, Poynter, Watts, Leighton, Armitage, Quilter and Herkomer. Their works have not been reprinted for some time, and are difficult to find in most libraries.
Here beyond the familiar voices of Ruskin, Whistler and Pater, we have a whole range of experience from an age in which issues about painting were hotly debated by large numbers of people: professional artists, amateurs, critics, gallery-goers and Academy students. This anthology brings back to life the humour, seriousness, ambitions, eccentricities and controversies of people whose work deserves recognition for having shaped the nature of mainstream Victorian art. It includes Mrs Jonathon Foster's advice on how to select a proper subject; G.F.Watts' evidence to the commission of enquiry into the Royal Academy in 1863, and his own notes on his palette and technique; the remarks by Poynter about Ruskin's ideas which caused controversy in 1872; Herkomer's exasperated account of the follies of art students in his 'academy' at Bushey; and Hamerton's problems painting in the Scottish highlands in the 1860's packing a revolver for protection.
There are short biographical introductions to each writer, and an appendix containing a reproduction of the Rules of the Royal Academy in 1899, and a list of the palettes of major Victorian artists.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142677 - �45.00 - May 1999 - 184 pp.

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This Catalogue Raisonn� is compiled by Wilfred Fairclough himself and is an unique record of the 140 published etchings and engravings editioned by the author since 1932. Wilfred Fairclough's print making is widely respected by fellow professional artists and his works - especially those depicting life and art in Venice - are enthusiastically sought by print collectors. It describes his early years, his work at the Royal College of Art between 1931 and 1934, , and then his three years as holder of the Rome Scholarship in Engraving in Italy and Spain. His career as a teacher at Kingston School of Art, during which he continued to produce an etching or two a year, was followed by a very active period after his retirement in 1972. His return to Europe in the Summer of 1961 led onto a series of subjects inspired by the drawings he made in Venice and Lucerne. His later subjects are chiefly figurative either of single performances in which the details of the performers and their instruments are combined with the setting and Venetian architecture.

This catalogue of Wilfred Fairclough's etchings is based on his own comprehensive record. All of the etchings are reproduced: 48 in duotone near to their actual size and 137 as small scale reproductions listed in the catalogue.

This handsomely produced book is illustrated by 48 prints reproduced in duotone in large format and there are small scale reproductions of each one of the 137 prints listed in the catalogue.

A special, limited edition of this work includes a new, original, tipped-in print entitled 'Secrets' signed by the artist.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859678466 - �55.00 - December 1990 - 112 pp.

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An account of the European vision of one of the most influential statesmen and thinkers of the nineteenth-century. This edition of the previously unpublished travel diaries of the M.P. and economic writer Richard Cobden (1804-1865) is not only a revealing account of Anglo-European politics before, during and after the year of revolutions, but is also a travel guide to Europe in the pre-railway age and a contribution to the intellectual biography of an English provincial radical who became a major European celebrity, one of the founders of Free Trade.

During his extensive continental travels Cobden met most of the monarchs and leading statesmen of Europe, as well as artists, writers, churchmen and fellow-travellers. His tour through France, Spain, the Italian states, Austria, Prussia, Russia and the Hanseatic ports let him witness the struggles between order and progress which led to and succeeded the great upheavals of 1848. The diaries reveal Cobden in a new light - a determined European, convinced that economic cooperation and not protectionism and militarism was the only way to preserve international stability.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280250 - �46.50 - July 1994 - 240 pp.

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These 15 articles follow on from those in The Global Opportunity in that they examine how and why the Europeans expanded worldwide. Part one explores the means in terms of science, technology and material resources; part two examines the motives, primarily as a result of restricted resources in Europe; whilst part three concludes with the reasons that the expansion continued and grew - the momentum.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785017 - �72.50 - September 1995 - 382 pp.

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This volume explores the development along the European periphery mainly in the interwar period, seeking to explain how the countries adapted to the major shocks of the period, namely war and depression. The dozen or so countries covered in the study were all backward by western standards, even though many of them had before 1914 felt something of the backwash of modern economic development. Their subsequent progress was checked by war and depression, but a further object of the study is to show that political and social factors were also a major impediment to sustained progress and modernisation. For example, in many cases political corruption and instability, deficient administrations, ethnic and religious diversity, agrarian structures and backwardness, population pressures, as well as international friction, were retarding factors.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460599X - c. �50.00 - August 2003 - c 350 pp.

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The European Yearbook of Business History publishes research and review articles in English on the history of private enterprises based in individual European countries as well as studies of transnational corporations. It also includes work on public and state corporations. Its scope is all of Europe, not merely the countries of the European Union, and its prime, but not exclusive, period of interest is the 19th and 20th centuries.

The first issue includes reviews of the present state and future prospects of business history in most European countries, together with articles summarising current Japanese and American perspectives on the history of European industrial and commercial enterprises.

The European Business History Yearbook will be published every November, individual copies or subscriptions may be ordered from any Ashgate sales office or agent. Further information is available from Ashgate's head office in Aldershot.

ISSN: 1462-186X

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142014 - �52.50 - June 1998 - 208 pp.

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The European Yearbook of Business History publishes research and review articles in English on the history of private enterprises based in individual European countries as well as studies of transnational corporations. It also includes work on public and state corporations. Its scope is all of Europe, not merely the countries of the European Union, and its prime, but not exclusive, period of interest is the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754600904 - �52.50 - December 1999 - 260 pp.

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The European Yearbook of Business History publishes research and review articles in English on the history of private enterprises based in individual European countries as well as studies of transnational corporations. It also includes work on public and state corporations. Its scope is all of Europe, not merely the countries of the European Union, and its prime, but not exclusive, period of interest is the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602907 - �45.00 - April 2001 - 134 pp.

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A lively and well illustrated account of the formation of the School of Drawing and Painting set up by William Coldstream, Claude Rogers and Victor Pasmore in October 1937. The author examines the artistic beliefs and careers of the artists associated with the school and discusses the characteristics of their styles.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859676943 - �87.50 - January 1986 - 404 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180115 - �30.00 - January 1981 - 320 pp.

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Using fresh archival evidence and a broad range of methodological perspectives, this collection of ten essays by one of the leading historians of early modern France explores the world of France's Huguenots between the Edict of Nantes and its Revocation. Studies that range from a meticulous nationwide reconstruction of the community's demographic fate to a detailed exploration of the mental and emotional world of a single pastor excavate the distinctive contours of Huguenot religious experience, lay bare the struggles and successes of this religious minority in resisting ever-intensifying pressures to convert, and explore its members' growing turn to commerce. The findings illuminate such larger topics of the long Reformation era as the difficult adjustment to new situations of religious pluralism, the relationship between Calvinism and capitalism, and the implications of Protestantism for print culture and the visual arts. All those interested in the broadest consequences of the European Reformation will find this book a source of fresh insights and a stimulus to further investigation.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602257 - �52.50 - June 2001 - 352 pp.

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The trial of the Templars and the dissolution of the Order of the Temple are popular subjects for historians, but the focus of most work has been on France. In this book Alan Forey adds greatly to our understanding of the drama, not just by examining events in Spain, but also by looking at aspects which are often ignored, such as the treatment of the Templars while in custody, and their situation after the trial. Since the Aragonese Templars possessed numerous castles - a legacy of the Spanish Reconquest - they were also able to offer stouter resistance to attempts to arrest them than their colleagues elsewhere. A series of sieges was needed, lasting up to a year and a half, and the study of these provides a useful contribution to our knowledge of medieval siege warfare. Consideration is also given to the fate of Templar property, both during proceedings and later, when their lands in Valencia were used to endow the new military order of Montesa. The work is based throughout upon the examination of unused testimonies and manuscript sources, especially from the Crown Archive in Barcelona, and its sound scholarship will help dispel some of the myths which still surround the fall of the Templars.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754605191 - �47.50 - December 2001 - 294 pp.

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Social scientists are concerned with �lites of many kinds - bureaucracies, military oligarchies, political leaders and the like. The study of �lites is frequently characterised by a certain suspicion, and the tone of the enquirer's description and discussion of such groups is often sceptical if not actually hostile. While not simply an attempt to redress the balance, this book is intended to provide the reader with a fair idea of the nature and variety of �lites and to offer some explanantions as to why societies over a remarkably wide range of time, space and economic development have evolved a structure in which a small group exercises a disproportionate power over the great mass of their feloows.

The first section deals with theoretical approaches to �lites and �litism, summarising and criticising work from Plato and Weber, Popper, Scruton and Bottomore. The second section consists of a number of historical and contemporary case studies, ranging from Classical Athens to late twentieth-century Western society, which individually and in combination illustrate and amplify the theoretical material. The final section draws together the main arguments in the form of a critique and conclusions.

Hardback - ISBN: 185928194X - �52.50 - June 1996 - 232 pp.

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The Fifth Lateran Council has often been dismissed as of minor significance, being poorly attended, and, with the benefit of hindsight, because it failed to prevent the Protestant Reformation. Nelson Minnich's research, exploiting a mass of unused archival material, had helped to transform this picture, and he argues, as did contemporaries, that it could be seen as a success, given the limitations imposed upon it by circumstances beyond its control. The first article here details who attended the council, and the following ones examine the diplomatic activity that surrounded it and the proposals put forward for reform; other studies are gathered in a separate volume. Particular themes that emerge are the emphasis popes Julius II and Leo X placed on promoting orthodoxy and reform, preserving the spiritual and temporal prerogatives of the papacy, and finally quashing the Pisan schism - at the expense of the rulers of the Empire and France. Appendices, publishing new documents, follow two of the articles.

Ayant �t� suivi sans trop d'assiduit� et souffrant d'une trop forte domination papale, d'une part et d'autre part, parce qu'il n'a pas r�ussi � emp�cher la R�forme Protestante, le Ve concile du Lat�ran a tr�s souvent �t� rel�gu� au rang des �v�nements de moindre importance. La recherche de Nelson Minnich, exploitant quantit� d'archives rest�es jusqu'alors dans l'ombre, a contribu� � changer la perspective sur ce sujet. Selon lui, le concile devait �tre per�u comme une r�ussite, �tant donnees les limites qui lui avaient �t� impos�es par des circonstances att�nuantes. Le premier article donne le d�tail de ceux qui y avaient pris part et est suivi d'�tudes examinant l'activit� diplomatique dont il �tait entour�, ainsi que les propositions de r�forme qui avaient �t� avanc�es. D'autres �tudes sont rassembl�es dans le volume pr�c�dent . Parmi les th�mes qui ressortent plus particuli�rement, se retrouve celui de l'importance plac�e par les papes Julius II et L�on X sur la promotion de l'orthodoxie et de la r�forme, pr�servant les pr�rogatives spirituelles et temporelles de la papaut� et �crasant une fois pour toutes le schisme de Pise aux d�pents des dirigeants de l'Empire et de la France.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783499 - �67.50 - April 1993 - 352 pages
Collected Studies Series: CS392pp.

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English industrialists in the period 1850-1885 had to cope with rapid changes in technology as well as national and international economic fluctuations, especially the boom of the early 1870s and the depression of 1874-9. This is a study of the ways in which cyclical expansion, survival during a slump and the adoption of new techniques were financed.

Lucy Newton begins by appraising the scale of manufacturing and the way it changed between 1850 and 1885. She goes on to examine the supply side, both limited liability as a method of financing and the role of provincial banks. She reveals a continuing interrelated pattern of very localised manufacturing, banks and systems of finance in England, and she shows that the financial system mirrored the productive structure of the English provinces. This regional financial network was able to provide manufacturing with adequate funds in normal circumstances, but came under strain when challenged by the needs of very large manufacturers or during the slump of 1874-9.

Throughout the book the author compares the English experience with that of other European countries, resulting in an unusually wide-ranging analysis of finance and organisation of manufacturing industry in a period of transition from workshop to factory.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283934 - c. �45.00 - October 2002 - c 256 pp.

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These two volumes present a conspectus of current research on the history and culture of early medieval Spain and Portugal, from the time of the Arab conquest in 711 up to the fall of the caliphate. They trace the impact of Islamisation on the pre-existing Roman and Visigothic political and social structures, the continuing interaction between Christian and Muslim, and describe the particular development and characteristics of Muslim Spain- al-Andalus. Together, they comprise 38 articles, of which 32 have been translated into English specially for this publication. The first volume focuses on political and social history, and looks in detail at settlement patterns and urbanisation; the second examines questions of language and covers the brilliant cultural and intellectual history of the period.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787087 - �90.00 - December 1998 - 540 pp.

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These two volumes present a conspectus of current research on the history and culture of early medieval Spain and Portugal, from the time of the Arab conquest in 711 up to the fall of the caliphate. They trace the impact of Islamisation on the pre-existing Roman and Visigothic political and social structures, the continuing interaction between Christian and Muslim, and describe the particular development and characteristics of Muslim Spain- al-Andalus. Together, they comprise 38 articles, of which 32 have been translated into English specially for this publication. The first volume focuses on political and social history, and looks in detail at settlement patterns and urbanisation; the second examines questions of language and covers the brilliant cultural and intellectual history of the period.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787095 - �90.00 - December 1998 - 518 pp.

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This second volume of Rosamond McKitterick's studies explores the wider implications and contexts of the more specific manuscript studies collected in Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th-9th Centuries. She is here concerned with the interaction between church and the secular world, the phenomenon of royal patronage and its manifestations, the role of women and queens as patrons, 10th-century culture, and aspects of literacy and orality in the early middle ages. The papers collectively attest to the dynamism and creativity of early medieval culture and the crucial role of the Frankish rulers.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860784584 - �65.00 - February 1995 - 326 pp.

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The articles collected here, from widely scattered publications, deal with Latin activity in the medieval Near East, before, during and after the crusades. The first adduces evidence for the presence of Genoese traders in Egypt some 30 years before the First Crusade; the last pieces together the biography of a Genoese merchant who served Mamluk sultans after the fall of Acre in 1291. The focus of the volume, however, is on the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem. Among these studies, two use summaries of works by a virtually unknown 12th-century author, Gerard of Nazareth, to throw new light on the kingdom's intellectual and monastic history; six deal with the indigenous peoples under Frankish rule, and their place in canon law; while a further five discuss developments in the years before Saladin's conquests.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783898 - �65.00 - December 1993 - 336 pp.

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: Discoveries, migrations and cultural exchanges

Edited by Annick Foucrier, Université de Paris-Nord, France

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606015 - c. �75.00 - December 2002 - c370 pp.

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The French invasion of Italy under Charles VIII in 1494-95 has long been seen as inaugurating a new and wretched era in Italian history. The present volume, the work of an international team of contributors, seeks to question that assumption by focusing anew on the intricate politics of Renaissance Italy and the long history of Angevin attempts to impose their rule in southern Italy. It was later invasions, it is argued, that did most to reshape the politics of the Italian peninsula. These studies also look at social and economic effects of the French invasion, as well as its cultural aspects, not least the impact of Renaissance culture in France itself.

Combining survey papers and research articles, this volume presents a new introduction to the history of late 15th-century Italy. The appendix, listing the Ilardi collection of microfilms, will also provide an invaluable guide to the diplomatic history of the era.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785505 - �62.50 - November 1995 - 512 pp.

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The philosophy and aesthetic theories behind the rise of the French garden in the seventeenth century, and its subsequent decline.

Paperback - ISBN: 0859676641 - �28.50 - January 1979 - 160 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0859676854 - �59.95 - January 1987 - 448 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1859282423 - c. �45.00 - July 2002 - c 256 pp.

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This book traces the very different attitudes of the German workers to the Hitler regime: from consent and support, to apathy and indifference, to opposition and active resistance, rendered above all by Social Democrats and Communists, from 1933 to the end of the Second World War.

While the large majority of the German workers fulfilled their 'duty' and continued to work loyally until the bitter end, there always was a minority which was actively opposed to the regime and preserved their loyalty to the German working-class movement, which quickly revived after 1945. But even after Hitler's accession to power, the movement was severely hampered by the split between Social Democrats and Communists which was never healed. There was never a united opposition, it was fragmented and leaderless, unable to impede the working of the Nazi war machine.

The book is based on a wealth of documentary material, partly from communist and socialist sources, partly on reports by the Gestapo, the SS Security Service and other Nazi authorities, and partly also on the personal recollections of the author, who for many years was an active member of the socialist opposition.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859679985 - �47.50 - January 1995 - 224 pp.

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Though usually depicted as an aspect of the "European miracle", it is argued that imperial expansion is better understood as a world-wide phenomenon of the late medieval and early modern period, in which expanding societies grew outwards and collided from widely separated centres. This first volume in the Expanding World Series examines the potential for worldwide expansion by any region, whether it was China, the Middle East, Africa or the Americas, at the end of the Middle Ages and then explores why these nations failed or gave the initiative to the Europeans.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785009 - �72.50 - August 1995 - 348 pp.

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This volume reflects the advances in research and methodology that have been made since 1960, as well as the increasing number of topics covered by the historiography of the European expansion. The studies selected demonstrate the range of this material, focusing in particular on the beginnings of trans-oceanic expansion by the Iberian powers. The volume has the further purpose of showing how the early encounters set precedents for subsequent patterns of interaction.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785025 - �72.50 - October 1995 - 348 pp.

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In 1850 the Industrial Revolution came to an end. In 1851 the Great Exhibition illustrated to the whole world the supremacy of industrial England. For the next twenty years Britain reigned supreme. From around 1870 Britain began to decline. Britain is now a second rate power with strong memories of its former supremacy.

The above five sentences summarise a common view of the sequencing of Britain's rise and relative fall, a stereotype that is challenged and modified in the essays of The Golden Age. By concentrating on central aspects of social and industrial change authors expose the underpinnings of supremacy, its unsung underside, its tarnished gold. Major themes cover industrial and technological change, social institutions and gender relations in a period during which industry and industrialism were equally celebrated and nurtured. Against this background it is difficult to argue for any sudden decline of energy, assets or institution, nor for any significant move from an industrial society to one in which a hearty manufacturing was replaced by commerce and land, sensibility and artifice.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601145 - �47.50 - December 2000 - 304 pp.

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This volume gathers together a series of widely -scattered articles concerned with the great tradition of Platonic scholarship - The Golden Chain- from the time of Plato himself up into the period of Middle Platonism. The main emphasis, however, is on the first three centuries AD. The first articles address the question of what exactly was the nature of the Platonic school at various stages of its development and what kind of organization the Academy may have had. The following ones present studies on figures from Speusippus in the Old Academy, through Philo of Alexandria and Origen (more honorary members of the Golden Chain), to Plotinus, Iamblichus and Proclus, and on some more general issues, such as the fall of the soul, which span much of the period.

Dans ce volume sont rassembles des articles jusque-la tr�s dispers�s et qui traitent de la grande tradition du savoir platonicien - la "Cha�ne d'Or"- Sur une p�riode allant de Platon au Moyen-Platonisme et � l'av�nement de la pens�e chr�tienne. Cependant, l'accent est surtout mis sur les trois premi�res si�cles ap. J.C. Les premi�res articles s'attachent � la nature exacte de l'Ecole platonicienne � diff�rents stades de son �volution et aussi a l'organisation adopt�e par "l'Acad�mie". Les �tudes suivantes examinent diff�rents personnages, de Speusippe, qui appartenait � l'Ancienne Acad�mie, en passant par Philon d'Aleandrie et Origi�ne (membres semi-honoraires de la Cha�ne d'Or), jusqu'� Plotin, Iamblique et Procle; y sont aussi trait�es des questions d'ordre plus g�n�ral, telles la chute de l'�me, qui furent embrass�es durant la majeure partie de cette p�riode.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782867 - �65.00 - March 1991 - 352 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0860786714 - �65.00 - December 1997 - 346 pp.

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Edward Hawke (1705-1781) had a long and distinguished career in the Royal Navy, serving for over half a century and finally becoming First Lord of the Admiralty. This book is a selection of his papers chosen from between 1743 and 1771, providing information on every significant stage in Hawke's career combined with a connected sequence of documents for the outstanding campaign of 1759-60 during the Seven Years War. His peacetime command at Portsmouth between 1748 and 1754 is also documented together with his post of First Lord from which he retired in 1771. Hawke has been the greatest naval commander of his generation, of whom Horace Walpole wrote 'Lord Hawke is dead and does not seem to have bequeathed his mantle to anybody'. This volume brings together papers to and from Hawke; the sources are the Public Record Office, the National Maritime Museum and the British Library.

Hardback - ISBN: 085967830X - �57.50 - October 1990 - 552 pp.

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The discipline of history defines itself in terms of proof not trust. However, in the eighteenth century it became embarrassingly clear that the capacity of the past to appear as a totality under the critical control of the present eluded historical practice at every stage from research to judgement and to the critical reception of that judgement. Was history a practical but uncritical resource (the 'Temple of Fame'), or a self-enclosed critical project ever shy of ultimate truth? Technical manuals and journal reviews repeatedly reasserted fundamental criteria for acceptable historical practice, but failed to eradicate confusion between coping with and exploiting the information differentials between historical actors, historians, and readers of historical texts.

The Historian's Two Bodies offers a detailed analysis of this basic problem and its various repercussions for the competing perceptions of the historical task in eighteenth-century France while, importantly, denying itself any historical position free from such difficulties.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602230 - �47.50 - February 2001 - 272 pp.

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The essays in this volume address the future of railway history as a discipline and consider the roles of both amateur and professional railway historians. The contributors tackle a number of themes of significance in railway history and seek to indicate new perspectives which might be opened up. Generally, railway history has been something of a backwater in British historical studies compared with other areas of transport history and with railway history of other countries. It has also been weakened by its division between the preoccupations of amateur and professional historians. This volume brings the discipline of railway history to the foreground.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146672 - �47.50 - March 1999 - 170 pp.

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The History of a Baroque Oratorio examines the internal dynamics and cultural history of Fux's La Deposizione dalla Croce as a definitive examplar of the Viennese sepolcro oratorio. With the sovereign exception of masterworks by Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi, the scholarly literature on baroque music is strikingly characterised by a tendency to assimilate individual works within broad, generic studies, rather than to recover the reception of such works as self-standing entities. This book, by contrast, affords an opportunity to consider for the first time the historical and aesthetic integrity of a single work from the tradition of the Viennese oratorio. It thereby affords a vital space in which to examine not only the tradition itself, but also the self-contained aesthetic object which derives from this tradition as a substantive whole.

Written as the prelude to a fundamental evaluation of Fux's musical discourse, The History of a Baroque Oratorio is also offered as an investigation of the relationship between generic prototypes and the individual musical imagination during the High Baroque period.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460571X - c. �37.50 - December 2003 - c 200 pp.

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First published in 1980, but then out of print for several years, this collection, together with Medieval Councils, Decretals and Collections of Canon Law, presents a series of fundamental articles by the acknowledged master of medieval canon law studies. For this second edition both volumes have been provided with extensive sections of new notes and references and the detailed indexes have been wholly revised and expanded. The volumes therefore now constitute essential works of reference for all those interested in the study of the medieval Church and its law.

Ces deux collections, tout d'abord publi�es en 1980, mais actuellement hors impression depuis plusieurs ann�es, pr�sentent une s�rie de textes fondamentaux du m�itre incontest� de l'�tude du droit canon m�di�val. Pour cette seconde �dition, elles ont �t� enrichies de sections importantes de nouvelles notes et r�f�rences et les index d�taill�s ont �t� enti�rement r�vis�s et approfondis. De ce fait, ces ouvrages constituent aujourd'hui des travaux essentiels de r�f�rence pour tous ceux int�ress�s par l'�tude de l'Eglise m�di�vale et de son droit.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783359 - �72.50 - March 1992 - 432 pp.

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very draft blurb. needs subsituting before use.

In the century of Nazism ethical writers have had far more to say about the meaning of the word 'good' than about the material reality of evil - as Stuart Hampshire remarked. This book seeks to redress the balance a little, at the start of a new century.

Although there is intense interest interest in the Holocaust there has been little serious philosophical work done in this area, especially in the analytic tradition. There has been an upsurge in moral philosophy of late, both in a desire to apply the fruits of philosophical reflection to topics of major importance and in a renewed concern for the topic of evil. Moral philosophers often refer to the Nazis as a prime example of evil, but rarely analyse what that means.

This book gathers new work from leading moral philosophers worldwide, to present a wide-range of moral philosophical perspectives on the Holocaust. Each contributor focuses on a particular theme of central importance to considering manifestations of evil and moral perspectives on the Holocaust, including: forgiveness and the Holocaust; the concept of enmity; Nazi medical experimentation; the virtues and vices of the persecuted; the moral psychology of perpetrators and victims of genocide; and literary representations of the Holocaust.

Offering a wide-range of moral-philosophical perspectives on a wide variety of themes, this book brings to the fore important moral investigations with the precision and rigour of analytical analysis, and important new questions on the Holocaust which have been scandalously ignored in anglophone ethics. Scholars, teachers and students with an interest in moral theory, applied ethics, genocide and Holocaust studies will find this book of particular value, as will all those seeking greater insight into ethical issues surrounding the Holocaust and genocide.

Eve Garrard is lecturer in philosophy at Keele University; Geoffrey Scarre is lecturer in philosophy at the University of Durham

Paperback - ISBN: 0754614166 - c. �17.99 - February 2003 - c 240 pp.

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very draft blurb. needs subsituting before use.

In the century of Nazism ethical writers have had far more to say about the meaning of the word 'good' than about the material reality of evil - as Stuart Hampshire remarked. This book seeks to redress the balance a little, at the start of a new century.

Although there is intense interest interest in the Holocaust there has been little serious philosophical work done in this area, especially in the analytic tradition. There has been an upsurge in moral philosophy of late, both in a desire to apply the fruits of philosophical reflection to topics of major importance and in a renewed concern for the topic of evil. Moral philosophers often refer to the Nazis as a prime example of evil, but rarely analyse what that means.

This book gathers new work from leading moral philosophers worldwide, to present a wide-range of moral philosophical perspectives on the Holocaust. Each contributor focuses on a particular theme of central importance to considering manifestations of evil and moral perspectives on the Holocaust, including: forgiveness and the Holocaust; the concept of enmity; Nazi medical experimentation; the virtues and vices of the persecuted; the moral psychology of perpetrators and victims of genocide; and literary representations of the Holocaust.

Offering a wide-range of moral-philosophical perspectives on a wide variety of themes, this book brings to the fore important moral investigations with the precision and rigour of analytical analysis, and important new questions on the Holocaust which have been scandalously ignored in anglophone ethics. Scholars, teachers and students with an interest in moral theory, applied ethics, genocide and Holocaust studies will find this book of particular value, as will all those seeking greater insight into ethical issues surrounding the Holocaust and genocide.

Eve Garrard is lecturer in philosophy at Keele University; Geoffrey Scarre is lecturer in philosophy at the University of Durham

Hardback - ISBN: 0754614158 - c. �45.00 - February 2003 - c 240 pp.

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The Battle of the Horns of Hattin (4 July 1187), at which Saladin's armies triumphed over those of the Crusaders, entailed the downfall of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem. The present collection results from a conference held to commemorate the eighth centennial of this crucial battle. Eight of the papers deal with the battle itself or its immediate aftermath; eight others examine ideological, social and military aspects of crusading, while a further eight discuss the history of the Frankish Kingdom and its art and architecture. The volume concludes with the transcript of a 1984 symposium on Joshua Prawer's thesis that this kingdom constituted the first European colonial society.

La bataille des Cornes d'Hattin (4 juillet 1187) dans laquelle les arm�es de Saladin ont triomph� sur celles des Crois�s, a entra�n� la chute du royaume franc de J�rusalem. La pr�sente collection est issue d'une conf�rence comm�morant le 8�me centenaire de cette bataille cruciale. Huit articles traitent de la bataille en elle-m�me ou de ses cons�quences imm�diates; huit autres examinent les aspects id�ologiques, sociaux et militaires des croisades; huit autres enfin discutent de l'histoire du royaume franc, de son art et de son architecture. L'ouvrage se termine sur le dossier issu d'un symposium de 1984 � propos de la th�se de Joshua Prawer, selon laquelle ce royaume a constitu� la premi�re soci�t� coloniale europ�enne.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783340 - �59.95 - April 1992 - 384 pp.

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This fourth collection of Dr Luttrell's studies on the military order of the Hospital concerns its activities on the island of Rhodes, acquired between 1306 and 1310, where it struggled to contain the naval aggression of the Anatolian Turks and to settle the island and organise its society and economy. At the same time it had to exploit its Cypriot possessions and its European provinces in order to secure the manpower and resources needed to sustain its Eastern activities. The author has spent over 40 years working in the Hospital's archives on Malta and elsewhere throughout the West, studying the Hospitallers' military and naval affairs, their spiritual and medical activities, and the organisation of their Western priories and commanderies. These studies illustrate the workings of an extensive multi-national corporation dedicated to the defence of Christendom.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787966 - �59.50 - June 1999 - 352 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0860780228 - �69.50 - August 1992 - 394 pp.

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The studies in the present volume, on the history of the Order of the Hospital between 1306 and 1522, are not only concerned with the part it played in the defence of the Latin Levant, but also with its role in Western society. The first articles deal with the settlement of Rhodes, the conflicts with the Turks, and with the Hospitallers' participation in crusading expeditions. As important, however, is the question of how they managed to support their military achievements. Drawing on the results of many years' research into the archives of the Hospital, both in Malta and in the provincial archives, Dr Luttrell examines their administration of the Rhodian islands and details some of the resources they drew from elsewhere, notably the West, whether in terms of recruitment, money raising or the exploitation of their estates. Particular attention is given to the Hospitaller properties in Italy and Spain, and to the nature of Hospitaller life in these western priories and commanderies.

Les �tudes regroup�es dans le pr�sent volume, qui traitent de l'histoire de l'Ordre de l'H�pital entre 1306 et 1522, ne s'attachent pas seulement au r�le jou� par celui-ci dans la d�fense du Levant latin, mais aussi � son r�le dans la soci�t� occidentale. Les premiers articles s'int�ressent � la colonisation de Rhodes, aux conflits avec les Turcs et � la participation des membres de l'Ordre aux exp�ditions crois�es. La question de savoir comment ils parvinrent � financer leurs exploits militaires reste toutefois importante; s'appuyant sur les r�sultats obtenus apr�s de nombreuses ann�es de recherches dans les archives de l'H�pital, � Malte et en province, le Dr Luttrell examine leur administration des �les rhodiennes et fait un compte-rendu qu'ils tir�rent d'ailleurs, notamment de l'Ouest, que ce soit en terme de recrutement, de collecte de fonds ou d'exploitation de leurs terres. Une attention plus particuli�re est port�e sur les propri�t�s de l'Ordre en Italie et en Espagne, ainsi que sur le style de vie men�e par ses membres dans les prior�s et les commanderies de l'Ouest.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783073 - �65.00 - September 1992 - 336 pp.

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This book offers a balanced interdisciplinary account of literary and criminal forgery as they were practised, constructed and theorised in the eighteenth century as a corollary of the new documents of the financial revolution: banknotes, bills of exchange and promissory notes. The book surveys the crime and its mythology, placing well-known cases such as that of Dr William Dodd within the pattern of 400 prosecutions from the period 1715-1780. In parallel, accounts of some major instances of literary forgery are rooted in a more pervasive culture in which 'forgery' was discovered in many developing areas of literary practice: scholarly editing, historiography and antiquarianism. One surprising aspect of this study is the extent to which literary figures were involved in matters of criminal as well as literary forgery. It is suggested that the two kinds of forgery have unexpected connections with each other through the economy of literature which, following the development of copyright, regarded the signature of authorship as the legal site of literary authenticity, and through the economic and legal culture of forgery prosecutions, in which bogus 'writing' came to signify a whole range of problems of personal and literary character.

The study is based on a very large body of diverse material, from major texts such as The Dunciad and Lives of the English Poets to hundreds of minor poems, controversial pamphlets, criminal biographies, newspapers, legal records and manuscripts.

Hardback - ISBN: 184014601X - �52.50 - May 1999 - 204 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0754600882 - c. �40.00 - March 2003 - c 256 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180220 - �30.00 - January 1987 - 360 pp.

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When the English Civil War broke out, London's economy was diverse and dynamic, closely connected through commercial networks with the rest of England and with Europe, Asia and North America. As such it was vulnerable to hostile acts by supporters of the king, both those at large in the country and those within the capital. This study examines every sector of London's economy as it changed during the war. It also looks closely at the impact of war on the major pillars of the London economy, namely London's role in external and internal trade, and manufacturing in London. The Civil War caused a major economic crisis in the capital, not only because of the interrelationship between its economy and that of the rest of England, but also because of its function as the hub of the social and economic networks of the kingdom and of the rest of the world. The crisis was managed, however, and one of the strengths of this study is its revelation of the means by which the city's government sought to understand and ameliorate the unique economic circumstances which afflicted it.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601048 - c. �45.00 - April 2003 - c 256 pp.

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The First World War and the Russian Revolutions of 1917 had massive impacts on the individual labour and socialist movements of Europe and, more widely, on the Second International.

European Labour was boosted in strength, by war, economic change and the events in Russia. Yet, paradoxically, these events seriously weakened Labour in much of Europe, deepening ideological divisions among socialists and often uniting anti-Communist and anti-socialist forces across Europe.

The period studies goes up to the 1923-4 period in order to discuss such matters as the later post-war communist insurrections in Germany, the ending of war communism and the beginning of the New Economic Policy in Russia, the probems of Labour in office in Germany and Britain, and the rise of the Nationalist Right in Italy, Germany, Hungary and elsewhere.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282407 - c. �40.00 - December 2003 - c 240 pp.

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This book illuminates the principles and practices which impelled the British Labour Movement's international attitudes, focusing on its relationships with European social democratic and communist organisations in the interwar period. The calls for peace and disarmament gave way to the fight against fascism after 1933, and after the Spanish Civil War disarmament ceased to be a tenable cause. The author considers the formal contacts made by the Labour Movement's leadership with the Labour and Socialist International and the International Federation of Trades Unions. This is balanced by an account of the attitudes of and contacts made by the mass membership, Labour's rank and file.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283853 - �39.50 - March 1998 - 236 pp.

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The five studies reprinted here have been significantly revised for this publication and are introduced by a new essay placing them in their intellectual context and in the framework of the author's longer-term purposes. At their basis lies a detailed study of monetary production, forms of exchange and processes of state formation in the Indian subcontinent during the early modern centuries. The author's aim, however, is then to uncover the hidden fabric of institutions, ordinary practices and common knowledge - the infrastructures of a common life that he argues stretched across Asia and Europe, a Euro-Asian continuum underlying all regional and local developments. In consequence the articles encompass an increasingly comparative subject matter and reflect critically on the historiography and its methodologies.

Les cinq �tudes r�imprim�es ici ont �t� r�vis�es de fa�on significative pour cette �dition. Une nouvelle introduction y a �t� ajout�e afin d'en faire ressortir le contexte intellectuel et le but. A la base de ces �tudes se trouve une analyse d�taill�e de la production mon�taire, des formes d'�change et des processus de formation d'�tat dans le sous-continent indien durant les premiers si�cles modernes. Le propos de l'auteur est, par la suite, de d�voiler le caract�re cach� des institutions, des pratiques ordinaires et du savoir commun - les infrastructures d'une vie commune qui, affirme-t-il, s'�tendaient au travers de l'Asie et de l'Europe; une continuit� eurasienne dont d�coulaient tous les d�veloppements r�gionaux et locaux. En cons�quence, ces articles ceignent un sujet d'ordre comparatif croissant et repr�sentent une reflexion critique au sujet de son historiographie et de ses m�thodologies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783421 - �69.50 - November 1992 - 384 pp.

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Professor Noonan here sets out to examine what Islamic silver coins (dirhams) reveal about the great trade between the Islamic world, European Russia, and the Baltic during the early Viking Age. Particular attention is devoted to the origins of this international commerce and the role of such peoples as the Vikings and Khazars. As he shows, the study of these coins also throws new light on mint output in the 'Abbasid caliphate, the historical significance of specific dirham hoards, and how the patterns of trade evolved during the course of the ninth century.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786579 - �61.50 - April 1998 - 352 pp.

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Jer�nimo Lobo was the last survivor of the small band of Jesuit Fathers who tried, with a measure of success, to reconcile Ethiopia to the Church of Rome. His life was long and adventurous. The narrative begins with Lobo's ordination in 1621 and ends seventeen years later. Chosen to serve in India he reached that country after being involved with a naval fight against the Dutch and English off Mo�ambique. Selected for the Ethiopian mission, he made a remarkable attempt to reach the country from the Somali coast, and eventually made his way to Bailul in the Red Sea and across the Danakil desert. He spent nine years in Ethiopia, principally in the north and in the neighbourhood of the source of the Blue Nile. Exiled when the Emperor restored the authority of the Ethiopian Church, he was handed over to the Turks at Massawa. After suffering much hardship and danger he regained India. Sent to Europe to advocate intervention on behalf of the Ethiopian Catholics, his ship was wrecked on the South African coast. The castaways built two boats, one of which succeeded in rounding the Cape and arriving at Luanda. Here Lobo embarked on a ship carrying slaves to the Spanish main which was captured by the Dutch. Lobo was marooned on an island but contrived to make his way to Cartagena and Havana and so to Europe. His diplomatic business took him to Madrid and Rome, but his plea for armed assistance for the Ethiopian Catholics did not succeed.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180158 - �30.00 - January 1983 - 442 pp.

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This book is the first detailed discussion of the political history of the Scottish Church in the reign of James VI (1567-1625). It offers a refreshing new perspective on the Reformed Kirk during the crucial period in its development. It is an examination of relations between Kirk and State based firmly on contemporary sources. Analysing the formation and evolution of clerical views, it argues for fluid patterns of opinion governed by events rather than fixed ideologies. As a result, it rejects the established notion of 'Melvillian' and 'Episcopalian' parties in the Kirk. Pivoting on the regal union of 1603, it explores the Scottish experience of the implementation of ecclesiastical policies under a multi-state monarchy in the light of recent British scholarship. It also assesses the significance of the regal union for the government of Scotland, for the status of the Kirk within Scotland and in relation to the Church of England. The result is a significant and challenging contribution to early modern Scottish and British historiography.

Hardback - ISBN: 185928373X - �55.00 - November 1998 - 234 pp.

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The economic development of post-war Japan has long been hailed as a triumphal model of how a 'late-comer' nation can develop into one of the world's leading economies. This book, as well as providing an insight into the into the main organisational and strategic factors which influenced the development of Japan's business system, explores the crucial interactions between changes in the macro economic environment and the microeconomic aspects of Japanese corporate behaviour. By placing the development Japan in its historical context, this book will allow readers to appreciate the underlying processes that enable a nation to become flexible and dynamic in the long run.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606309 - c. �45.00 - October 2003 - c 260 pp.

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The aim of this volume is to explore Jewish participation in the scientific enterprise of the Middle Ages. This is seen not only in terms of the contribution made by particular Jewish scholars, but of how Jews saw science and scientific knowledge (including matters of medicine and philosophy) in relation to their own religion and structure of belief. The opening essay, one of three specially prepared for this volume, presents such a study of science in the Jewish communities of the Iberian peninsula. The following section contains papers on particular thinkers, extending from Abbasid Baghdad to the medieval heritage of 16th-century Cracow; the final one focuses on texts and manuscripts, covering astronomy, mathematics and medicine.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786757 - �59.50 - October 1999 - 346 pp.

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The focus of this book is on the legal status of the Jews within the Roman Empire and the changes that it underwent when the empire became Christian. Conflicts between Roman and Jewish jurisdiction form an important theme, while particular studies deal with questions of conversion, the observance of the Sabbath and Festivals, Hadrian's decree prohibiting circumcision, and with the treatment given to the Samaritans. In the field of family law, Professor Rabello deals with the issues of the patria potestas, family courts, marriage and divorce, and it is in these areas, he holds, that a basic understanding can be found of how the early Catholic Church treated Jews and Judaism.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786625 - �59.50 - June 2000 - 376 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180409 - �70.00 - January 1994 - 870 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180247 - �30.00 - January 1988 - 604 pp.

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Over the last twenty years the concept of a labour aristocracy has become the most influential framework through which to explain the industrial and social history of the working class. That concept is the focus of this text, but its critique is also relevant to similar models based on male occupational status.

The book tackles two fundamental issues; the effect of occupation on social, political and political values and actions; and the question of whether this male-centred perspective is adequate to explain the course of working -class history. It argues that the concept has inherent failings and must now be abandoned.

Chapters one to four critically review acknowledged authorities to expose the weakness of the classic theory and established the alternative perspective. Chapters five to eight analyse the work experience of a variety of secure and insecure workers as crucial empirical examples of the validity of the new argument. Chapter nine and the conclusion demonstrate the importance of women. No concept which excludes from consideration women's paid and domestic labour, their establishment of community values and their labour control of consumption can now be considered adequate to explain stratification or group values in class formation

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280498 - �51.50 - November 1994 - 196 pp.

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The impact of Roman civilisation on the Empire's clients in the West forms the subject of the first parts of this volume. Even the most successful Germanic kingdoms of the 5th-6th centuries, the author argues, such as that of the Vandals in North Africa, could not escape the grasp of the Roman Empire: their politics and culture remained conditioned by imperial models and by the continuing reality of imperial power throughout late antiquity. The subsequent articles deal with the Historia Augusta, but approaching that difficult text from the periphery, by first attempting to establish its broad literary and topical context before considering questions of its nature and date.

L'impact de la civilisation romaine sur les clients de l'empire en Occident forme le sujet des premi�res parties de ce recueil. Selon l'auteur, m�me les royaumes germaniques, b�n�ficiant du plus grand des succ�s aux 5e et 6e si�cles, tel celui des Vandales en Afrique du Nord, ne pouvaient �chapper � l'emprise de l'empire romain: leurs politiques et leurs cultures restaient sous l'influence des mod�les imp�riaux et de la r�alit� constante du pouvoir imp�rial tout au long de l'Antiquit� tardive. Les �tudes suivantes traitent de l'Historia Augusta, approchant cependant ce texte ardu depuis sa p�riph�rie, tentant tout d'abord d'�tablir son contexte litt�raire et th�matique, ce, avant d'en consid�rer la nature et la date.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783545 - �61.50 - February 1993 - 296 pp.

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This is a study of the first century of the Latin Church on Cyprus, following the island's loss to the Byzantine empire and its conquest by Richard the Lionheart in 1195. It covers both secular and regular clergy, and deals with the complex relations between church and crown, the nobility, and the urban Latin population within the island, as well as its relations with the papacy and the other Latin churches of the East. Not least, it analyses the troubled relations between the Latin and the Orthodox churches.

An important feature of the book is the new light thrown on the links between the Church of Cyprus and the Latin patriarchs of Jerusalem and Antioch, and on the expansion of the Latin Church in the East, in the Byzantine territories conquered following the Fourth Crusade.

This book is the first in-depth account of the religious history of the Latin kingdom of Cyprus which was the most durable of all the latin states established by the Crusaders in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284477 - �55.00 - December 1997 - 376 pp.

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Malcolm Chase has published widely on agrarian radicalism and related topics; he is the author of The People's Farm: English Radical Agrarianism, 1775-1840, OUP, 1988.

Allen Davenport, a key figure linking Chartism with the French Revolution, was an important propagandist for agrarian reform, a critical follower of Robert Owen, one of the first male supporters of the feminist causes and birth control and a leading member of the revolutionary underground movement in Regency London.

He was a prolific author, political journalist and poet. His autobiography, published in 1845, has long been presumed lost - historians have had to make do with tantalising fragments from contemporary reviews. When a copy was found in Nashville in 1982 it was immediately recognised as a unique source of information about nineteenth-century popular politics. Scolar Press is now reprinting the complete text with editorial apparatus and supplemented by a careful selection of Davenport's other writing by Dr Malcolm Chase. The Life and Literary Pursuits of Allen Davenport thus gives a unique insight into the cultural and political life of England in the crowded years between Peterloo and Chartism.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280684 - �46.50 - November 1994 - 144 pp.

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Adelaide Procter (1825-1864) is one of the most important 19th-century women poets to be assessed by literary critics in recent years. She was a significant figure in the Victorian literary landscape. A poet (who outsold most writers bar Tennyson), a philanthropist and a Roman Catholic convert Procter committed herself to the cause of single, fallen and homeless women. She was a key member of the Langham Place Circle of campaigning women (along with Barbara Bodichon, Bessie Parkes and Jessie Boucherett) and worked tirelessly for the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women. She also supported the Providence Row Hostel for homeless women and children in East London. Many of her poems are concerned with anonymous and displaced women who struggle to realise and consolidate an identity and place in the world.

Loved and admired by her father, the poet Bryan Procter, her editor, Charles Dickens, and her friend W.M. Thackeray, Procter wrote from the heart of London literary circles. From this position she mounted a subtle and creative critique of the ideas and often gendered positions adopted by male predecessors and contemporaries such as John Keble, Robert Browning and Dickens himself.

Gill Gregory's work considers the life and work of this compelling and remarkable woman and discusses the extent to which she struggled to find her own voice in response to the works of some seminal literary "fathers".

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146702 - �55.00 - December 1998 - 306 pp.

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This is a set of key articles which deal with various aspects of the life of Muh�ammad: the Muslim authors of Muh�ammad's biography, the major events in his life, the development of the idealized image of Muh�ammad, and the image of Muh�ammad in the eyes of early medieval non-Muslim writers. The articles are preceded by an introduction reviewing major trends in the scholarly research.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787036 - �75.00 - December 1998 - 456 pp.

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The patriarch Tarasios holds a key position in the ending of the first period of Iconoclasm in Byzantium, with the seventh Oecumenical Council at Nicaea in 787. His Life forms an equally key source for the history and culture of the Byzantine world in the eighth and ninth centuries. This book provides a full introduction, a critical edition with English translation, and a detailed commentary and indexes for this important document. The introduction first places the text within the framework of other patriarchal biographies composed in the period c.850-950. Dr Efthymiadis then looks at Tarasios himself, as layman, patriarch, and saint, and provides a biographical sketch of the author of the Life, Ignatios the Deacon, together with a discussion of the date and reasons for the work's composition. In addition, this new text and translation makes more accessible a highly sophisticated example of Byzantine prose.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786811 - �49.50 - September 1998 - 336 pp.

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This selection of articles is organized around three broad themes: the nature of the governing system in France ('Absolutism'); the political crisis of the mid-17th-century (the 'Fronde'); and the development of royal finance. The author first considers the growth of the French state in its ideological and institutional aspects, then the opposition such developments provoked, much centred on the figure of Cardinal Mazarin. In the last section particular attention is given to fiscal history, including a comparison of mid-18th-century France with the other states of Europe. Professor Bonney would argue that the 'fiscal imperative', the increased requirements posed by the costs of war, and the long-term consequences of fiscal growth may be seen as one of the decisive factors in the development of the modern state.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860784827 - �65.00 - May 1995 - 352 pp.

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At its height, during the 1830s and 40s, Chartism inspired a prodigious literary output, based on its own newspapers and journals. While some Chartist political writings have been reprinted, the fiction of the movement has been largely neglected. Chartist stories represent a unique moment in literary history, when the radical political energies of a mass movement were fused with popular narrative forms. The result was a vital, accessible and popular fiction, informed by an awareness that Chartism had to forge its own brand of fiction in order to challenge the prevailing cultural misrepresentation of the working class and radical politics.

This anthology is organised chronologically and includes a wide range of authors and genres, with complete poems and short stories as well as extracts from novels and other full-length works of fiction. The stories are divided into five areas which relect the range, scope and achievement of Chartism's intellectual and political imagination: the condition of England; Ireland; revolution; women and Chartism. The complete collection is set in an analytical framework and has a long historical introduction by the editor.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280323 - �52.50 - November 1995 - 224 pp.

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The London Group 1913-1939 is the first detailed record of the largest society devoted to the development of modern art in Britain. The Group's founder members included Walter Bayes, Robert Bevan, Malcolm Drummond, Jacob Epstein, Harold Gilman, Spencer Gore, Duncan Grant, Wyndham Lewis, J.B. Manson, John Nash and Ethel Sands. As the spearhead of modernism in Britain the London Group evoked heated controversy. However, by 1937 the 'News Chronicle'' was describing the Group as the 'The Intellectual Man's Royal Academy'.

Drawing on previously unpublished sources, this study lists all member exhibits and non-member exhibitors at the Group's shows between 1914 and 1939, together with brief biographies of the artists. Appendices republish the prefaces and forewords to many of the Group's exhibitions.

The reference book provides valuable information and insight into one of the most significant bodies in 20th- century British painting and sculpture.

Hardback - ISBN: 185928048X - �47.50 - January 1995 - 264 pp.

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These studies by the distinguished economic and social historian Herman Van der Wee together provide a superb guide to the history of this key region of the European economy in the early modern period. The coverage ranges from broad introductory surveys to detailed studies, and embraces the history of trade, agricultural and industrial production, prices and monetary history, consumption and diet in the Ancien Regime. Based throughout on detailed reconstruction of statistical sources - many not previously explored - the bulk of these essays have been translated from Dutch or French and appeared in publications which have sometimes been difficult of access to English readers.

The collection begins with two general surveys of the economic history of the Low Countries which provide a wide survey of the major developments and issues. The author then considers agricultural productivity and innovation before dealing in three major papers with the international commercial relations of the Southern Netherlands economy and its metropolis, Antwerp. These are rounded out by studies of monetary policies and financial and credit techniques emphasising the pivotal role of Brabant and the Antwerp money market in this area. Some of these themes are taken up further on in the collection by the essay on prices and wages as development variables. In two articles on industrial structure and production, Van der Wee examines proto-industrialisation in the context of the Low Countries economy, before finally considering social trends and diet.

These studies display the close familiarity with documentary sources, careful use of quantitative evidence, and rigorous formulation of economic and social relationships which are the hallmark of this historian's work. There are detailed methodological discussions of the key relationships between agricultural and industrial production and consumption which provide a model for cognate work in this field. As such, the book will be essential reading for all historians of Early Modern Europe, as well as appealing to those with a particular interest in the economic and social background of the Dutch Revolt or the history of European agriculture, industry and trade.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783847 - �55.00 - January 1994 - 307 pp.

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The Magnificent Ride examines the social and religious dimensions of the Hussite revolutionary movement in 15th-century Bohemia. It argues that 'the magnificent ride' was, in fact, the first reformation, and not merely a precursor to the reformations of the 16th century.

The religious revival which had begun in Prague in the later middle ages reached its zenith in the period between Jan Hus and the Council of Basel. This book reconstructs the Hussite myth and shows how that myth evolved into the historical phenomenon of heresy. Acts of heretical practice in Bohemia, condemnation of Jan Hus, defiance of ecclesiastical authority and attempts by the official church to deal with the dissenters are fascinating chapters in the history of late medieval Europe.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283721 - �55.00 - May 1998 - 330 pp.

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Dr Luttrell's work has helped change our understanding of the history of the small islands of Malta and Gozo, providing a more coherent story of the ways in which, during the Middle Ages, a small isolated Muslim community was converted into a more prosperous outpost of Roman Christianity with a unique cultural mixture of Arabic speech and European institutions. This selection of studies places the process within the context of developments in the medieval Mediterranean world and combines archaeological and architectural investigations with work in Maltese, Sicilian and other archives, with a particular focus on ecclesiastical matters; a new introduction brings the subject up to date. This work is of relevance to scholars of Islam and Christianity, while providing insights into the nature of an unusual island community whose significance far exceeds its size.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788490 - �57.50 - January 2002 - 352 pp.

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The early decades of the eighteenth century saw the appearance of a completely new type of surgical practitioner in France: the dentiste. The use of this title was of the utmost significance, indicating not just the making of a new practitioner but of an entirely new practice - the dentiste was, quite literally, making a name for himself. Appearing on the back of dramatic changes within surgery in general, the practice of the dentiste, although it focused only on the teeth, was nevertheless extensive. In addition to extractions, there was also a wide-ranging field of operations on offer, the performance of which had only been hinted at by the surgeon of the seventeenth century. This new sphere of practice represented a radical departure from what had gone before and, as this book reveals, it was all built solidly on sound surgical foundations, with the dentiste occupying a respected position within society in general and the medical world in particular.

This book places the making of the dentiste within social, political and technical contexts, and in so doing re-contextualises the purely progressive stories told in conventional histories of dentistry. In doing so, it brings surgery back to its central role in this story, and reveals for the first time the origins of the dentise in the French surgical profession.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146532 - �57.50 - December 1998 - 244 pp.

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This book looks at the evolution of rural settlement in Scotland from the Mesolithic period through to the improving movement of the 18th and 19th centuries.

The main emphasis is on changes in society and technology, but the book also considers how the development of the physical landscape laid the foundation for such changes. The author strikes a balance between general perspectives (including relevant contextual materials such as the political structures) and local studies, with much emphasis on individual sites.

Lack of documentation prior to the 10th century places particular importance on the archaeological evidence, but imaginative interpretation of this evidence has led to a major re-evaluation. Ideas emphasizing continuity of settlement and local adaptation are replacing older 'invasionist' theories emphasizing Celtic war lords and broch-building pirates.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280277 - �57.50 - November 1995 - 344 pp.

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This book is concerned with one of the fundamental problems in the economic and social history of Europe in the early modern period, namely with the bifurcation in its development: in Western Europe, the development of capitalism; in East-Central Europe, the rise of the manorial-serf economy which hampered the development of capitalism. The main motif linking together the studies in this volume is the endeavour to explain this separation. the author evaluates the different theories explaining this, and also provides further analysis of economic life, dealing with the commercial activity, economic regression, especially in Poland.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860784630 - �69.50 - November 1994 - 336 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0859677532 - �55.00 - January 1988 - 400 pp.

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This is the first general account of the history of the great hall in Britain and continental Europe from Anglo-Saxon times to the late middle ages.

Using a wide range of literary and archaeological sources in combination with close examination of standing halls and remains, Michael Thompson describes and interprets the development of one of the dominant architectural features of medieval life. He also examines the social functions of the hall - the 'hall-culture', a way of life turning on the great room at the social and physical centre of secular and religious communities.

This broad, well illustrated and ambitious review will, of course, be of great interest to architectural historians, but its social-cultural approach makes it equally valuable to students of medieval history and literature. It informs and is informed by studies of literary sources as diverse as Beowulf and Gawain, monastic rules and the poetry of courtly love.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280811 - �41.50 - June 1995 - 228 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0859675041 - �110.00 - January 1979 - 402 pp.

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Nearly nine centuries after their first appearance, caring for pilgrims in hospices and protecting them from attack on the road, Military Orders continue to play a variety of social and charitable roles today. This collection of thirty-three papers from the second international conference on the Military Orders, contributed by scholars from Europe, the Middle East and the United States, reflects a variety of concerns, but the focus is very much on the beginnings of the Military Orders and their heyday at the time of the Crusades.The subject matter reflects the Military Orders' wide-ranging activities, dealing with topics such as medieval hospital care, crusading in the Middle East, warfare in Lithuania, piracy in the Mediterranean, castles in Bohemia, the Reformation in Switzerland and 17th-century European diplomacy. This volume complements the Proceedings of the very successful first conference, The Military Orders: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick, edited by Malcolm Barber (1994) and now out of print.

Hardback - ISBN: 086078679X - �62.50 - November 1998 - 440 pp.

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The fourteenth-century Speculum Humanae Salvationis is a guide to fundamental Christian teaching as revealed through the lives of the Virgin and Christ. Like its predecessor, Biblia Pauperum, it is a compendium of typological stories, Biblical and legendary, and was probably used as an aid to devotional meditation - indeed it closes with three sets of Hours. Enormously popular for two centuries, it exists in at least 394 manuscripts, mostly in Latin but also in German, French, Dutch and Czech. Its English translation, The Mirour of Mans Saluacioune, is a unique manuscript dating from the early fifteenth century. Dr Henry provides here the first critical edition of this Middle English text.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859677168 - �67.50 - January 1986 - 348 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180298 - �30.00 - January 1990 - 328 pp.

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Tom Normand investigates Scottish Art between 1928 and 1955 to bring into focus the multifaceted project that was Scottish modernism. At the core of this work lies the contention that Scottish modernism was underpinned by a desire to express a national consciousness. It was this ambition which became the defining feature of radical Scottish art, setting the parameters of its relationship with the idea of a coherent and international modern movement.

With the foundation of the National Party of Scotland in 1928, Scottish intellectuals began to consider the nature of national identity and the characteristics of a national art. The 'Scottish Renaissance Movement', under the voluble leadership of Hugh MacDiarmid, set out to articulate these interests, developing a vernacular poetry and literature. For Scottish artists, the way forward was harder to identify, as they fought to reconcile the demands for a Scottish national art with the stylistic revolution of international modernism. The Modern Scot examines the competing claims of nationalism and modernism as they affected Scottish art. This first in-depth analysis of a dynamic episode in Scottish visual culture looks at the work of, among others, William Johnstone, William McCance and John Duncan Fergusson.

Tom Normand is Senior Lecturer in the History of Art at the University of St. Andrews. He is the author of Wyndham Lewis the Artist; holding up the mirror to politics (CUP, 1992) and has published widely on aspects of nineteenth and twentieth century art.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601005 - �49.95 - August 2000 - 208 pp.

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In this volume Elizabeth Brown is concerned with the interaction between the public and private domains in the persons of the Capetian kings of France during the 13th-14th centuries. The first five essays here focus on the personalities and public images of two of the outstanding Capetian rulers, Philip Augustus and, in particular, Philip the Fair, looking at the influences that shaped them and at their impact on political life. The dying of kings forms the subject of the following studies, which concentrate on the symbolism and significance of the ceremonial that surrounded the dead monarch and the succession to the French throne, while at the same time, throwing new light on the medieval attitude towards death and the human body.

Dans ce volume, Elizabeth Brown s'attache surtout a l'interaction des domaines publics et prives de la vie des rois de la France cap�tienne aux 13e et 14e si�cles. Les cinq premiers essais se concentrent sur la personnalit� et l'image publique de deux souverains cap�tiens �minents: Philippe Auguste et Philippe le Bel, portant un regard sur les facteurs d�terminants qui les influenc�rent et sur leur impact dans la vie politique du pays. Le d�c�s des rois forme le sujet des �tudes suivantes. L'auteur s'int�resse au symbolisme et � la signification du c�r�monial qui accompagnait la mort du monarque et la succession au tr�ne de France, d�voilant par l� les attitudes de l'�poque a l'�gard de la mort et du corps des d�funts.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782794 - �667.50 - July 1991 - 359 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0860782271 - �61.50 - January 1988 - 298 pp.

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The interaction between Mongols and Chinese explored in the articles in this volume parallels the process repeated many times across the continent of Asia, when the nomadic peoples of the steppe came into contact with the settled civilisations that bordered them. The detailed descriptions of Mongol customs to be found in the Chinese sources, similarly, have relevance for the study of pastoral societies in the region as a whole. The late Henry Serruys's unrivalled expertise in handling the complexities of the source material and in identifying names and words after they had passed back and forth, often several times, between the Mongol and Chinese languages, is nowhere better demonstrated than in his study of the remarkable story of 'The Third Lady'; first married to her grandfather, her fourth marriage, in 1611, after a 30-year career at the centre of power in Mongolia, was to her step-great-great-grandson. Elsewhere, Father Serruys examines the process of sedentarisation among the Mongols who entered China, and the stages and degree of their integration into Chinese society. Together, these articles provide an outstanding insight into the history and society of Mongolia and China from the 15th to the 17th century.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782107 - �67.50 - February 1999 - 318 pp.

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The Mormon Culture of Salvation presents a comprehensive study of Mormon cultural and religious life, offering important new theories of Mormonism - one of the fastest growing movements and thought by many to be the next world religion. Bringing social, scientific and theological perspectives to bear on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Douglas Davies draws from theology, history of religions, anthropology, sociology and psychology to present a unique example of a truly interdisciplinary analysis in religious studies.

Examining the many aspects of Mormon belief, ritual, family life and history, this book presents a new interpretation of the origin of Mormonism, arguing that Mormonism is rooted in the bereavement experience of Joseph Smith, which influenced the development of temple ritual for the dead and the genealogical work of many Mormon families. Davies shows how the Mormon commitment to work for salvation relates to current Mormon belief in conversion, and to traditional Christian ideas of grace.

The Mormon Culture of Salvation is an important work for Mormons and non-Mormons alike, offering fresh insights into how Mormons see the world and work for their future glory in heavenly realms. Written by a non-Mormon with over 30 years' research experience into Mormonism, this book is essential reading for those seeking insights into new interdisciplinary forms of analysis in religion, as well as all those studying or interested in Mormonism and world religions.

Douglas J. Davies is Professor in the Study of Religion in the Department of Theology, Durham University, UK. He is the author of many books including Death, Ritual and Belief (Cassell, 1997), Mormon Identities in Transition (Cassell, 1994), Mormon Spirituality (1987), and Meaning and Salvation in Religious Studies (Brill, 1984).

Paperback - ISBN: 0754613305 - �17.95 - June 2000 - 302 pp.

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The Mormon Culture of Salvation presents a comprehensive study of Mormon cultural and religious life, offering important new theories of Mormonism - one of the fastest growing movements and thought by many to be the next world religion. Bringing social, scientific and theological perspectives to bear on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Douglas Davies draws from theology, history of religions, anthropology, sociology and psychology to present a unique example of a truly interdisciplinary analysis in religious studies.

Examining the many aspects of Mormon belief, ritual, family life and history, this book presents a new interpretation of the origin of Mormonism, arguing that Mormonism is rooted in the bereavement experience of Joseph Smith, which influenced the development of temple ritual for the dead and the genealogical work of many Mormon families. Davies shows how the Mormon commitment to work for salvation relates to current Mormon belief in conversion, and to traditional Christian ideas of grace.

The Mormon Culture of Salvation is an important work for Mormons and non-Mormons alike, offering fresh insights into how Mormons see the world and work for their future glory in heavenly realms. Written by a non-Mormon with over 30 years' research experience into Mormonism, this book is essential reading for those seeking insights into new interdisciplinary forms of analysis in religion, as well as all those studying or interested in Mormonism and world religions.

Douglas J. Davies is Professor in the Study of Religion in the Department of Theology, Durham University, UK. He is the author of many books including Death, Ritual and Belief (Cassell, 1997), Mormon Identities in Transition (Cassell, 1994), Mormon Spirituality (1987), and Meaning and Salvation in Religious Studies (Brill, 1984).

Hardback - ISBN: 0754613283 - �49.95 - June 2000 - 302 pp.

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This is a multidisciplinary analysis of the relationship between the motor car and popular culture in the 20th century, which brings together original essays by academics in the UK, North America and Australia. The contributors write from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives, including semiotics, social history, literary and film criticism, and musicology. Three main themes are addressed: the car as a cultural image; its impact on leisure and entertainment; and the cultural significance of the processes of manufacturing and selling cars.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284612 - �51.50 - October 1998 - 318 pp.

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The book examines major developments and recent trends in the historiography of the Mughal Empire and post-Mughal state systems. The aim is to integrate the research of the past twenty to thirty years in a theoretical framework in order to achieve a better understanding of the transition period of the late 17th and early 18th century in India. The book outlines organizational structures and power relationships in the Mughal Empire and accounts for the redistribution of power on the Indian subcontinent in the context of long-term stuctural change in the Indian Ocean region. Rather than signalling social stagnation and decay, the decline of the imperial order and the transformation of the political system appear to reflect a process in which the state dynamically adjusted to changes in Indian society and economy. By integrating new social groups and incorporating various new technical means of resources mangagement, the state significantly enhanced its organizational power and its capacity for social control.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786110 - �55.00 - February 1998 - 318 pp.

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It is often assumed that a general consensus existed between the post-war Labour and Conservative governments in matters of economic policy. Indeed, by 1954, The Economist was able to satirise the situation with the invention of 'Mr Butskell', a fictitious political figure created by an amalgam of the names of Hugh Gaitskell and R A Butler. For decades afterwards the character of Mr Butskell came to personify the idea of a consensus over economic policy that was only broken with the election of the Thatcher government in 1979.

The longevity of the Butskell figure suggests that the post-war consensus was a given fact, but on what basis are these assumptions made? The purpose of this work is to reassess the historical basis of Mr Butskell by examining the conduct of economic policy from the moment Hugh Gaitskell joined the Treasury in 1950 as Stafford Cripp's deputy, to Rab Butler's departure in December 1955. Through a careful examination of the evidence, it is demonstrated that contrary to the prevailing view of this period, there was no consensus about the extent to which the economy should be controlled and how it should be managed, and that there was a sustained argument over the use of physical controls, monetary policy and direct taxation.

The book examines Gaitskell's economic thought and the underlying economic and political rationales for the positions taken by the Labour and Conservative Parties. In examining the structure of economic policy making, this book demonstrates that ministerial determination of policy is far more important than previous scholars have assumed, which explains why a developing consensus among civil servants about the conduct of economic policy is not necessarily reflected in outputs.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460604X - c. �39.95 - May 2002 - c 250 pp.

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It has been recognised throughout the twentieth century that the thinkers whom we call Gnostic are of great importance to the study of Christian origins, the early Church, and later Greek philosophy. While scholars have long been aware that Christianity in its first two centuries was a very diverse movement, it was only with the discovery of a hoard of papyri in Egypt in 1945 - the Nag Hammadi Codices - that it was possible to gain first-hand information about the movements which were later labeled heterodox or heretical. Whilst these substantiated much of the information given by early Christian and pagan writers, they also suggested new readings of Gnostic thought and confirmed the importance of Jewish sources in Gnostic writings. Yet much of this information has still failed to find its way into standard histories of the early Church, and students who wish to know about it are often daunted by the difficulty of mastering all the scholarly controversies that surround the date and provenance of the texts.

This accessible Reader brings together over twenty seminal articles by the most eminent scholars in the field, offering for the first time in a single volume authoritative discussions of such topics as: the meaning of the term "Gnostic"; the relations between Judaism and early Christian heterodoxy; the relation between the Nag Hammadi writings and the new Testament; and the organization of non-catholic Churches. There are also articles devoted individually to a number of the most important texts.

Including a comprehensive bibliography and an introductory chapter, as well as introductions to each section and to each article outlining its context and author's contribution to the subject, Mark Edwards provides an unparalleled resource serving as an accessible introduction to the subject for students and providing, for a wider range of researchers, handy access to scholarly materials otherwise scattered throughout a large number of journals.

Paperback - ISBN: 0754604004 - c. �18.99 - October 2003 - c 496 pp.

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It has been recognised throughout the twentieth century that the thinkers whom we call Gnostic are of great importance to the study of Christian origins, the early Church, and later Greek philosophy. While scholars have long been aware that Christianity in its first two centuries was a very diverse movement, it was only with the discovery of a hoard of papyri in Egypt in 1945 - the Nag Hammadi Codices - that it was possible to gain first-hand information about the movements which were later labeled heterodox or heretical. Whilst these substantiated much of the information given by early Christian and pagan writers, they also suggested new readings of Gnostic thought and confirmed the importance of Jewish sources in Gnostic writings. Yet much of this information has still failed to find its way into standard histories of the early Church, and students who wish to know about it are often daunted by the difficulty of mastering all the scholarly controversies that surround the date and provenance of the texts.

This accessible Reader brings together over twenty seminal articles by the most eminent scholars in the field, offering for the first time in a single volume authoritative discussions of such topics as: the meaning of the term "Gnostic"; the relations between Judaism and early Christian heterodoxy; the relation between the Nag Hammadi writings and the new Testament; and the organization of non-catholic Churches. There are also articles devoted individually to a number of the most important texts.

Including a comprehensive bibliography and an introductory chapter, as well as introductions to each section and to each article outlining its context and author's contribution to the subject, Mark Edwards provides an unparalleled resource serving as an accessible introduction to the subject for students and providing, for a wider range of researchers, handy access to scholarly materials otherwise scattered throughout a large number of journals.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754603989 - c. �45.00 - October 2003 - c 496 pp.

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Napoleon Bonaparte celebrated his conquest of Egypt in 1798 by commissioning a survey of the country's treasures published as the Description de L'Egypte. An army of engravers collaborated with artist-illustrators over a thirty-year period to produce 900 folio engravings of huge proportions depicting the architecture, monuments and antiquities of ancient Egypt together with contemporary views of the country.

Reproducing large sections of the original folio, this is the first book in English to provide an accessible and comprehensive account of the origins and creation of the Description de L'Egypte.

Terence M. Russell draws upon numerous first-hand reports of the French exploration in order to re-evaluate the intellectual and artistic achievements of Napoleon's ambitious campaign. He shows how, different from anything else conceived at the time, the rich plethora of drawings and personal writings compiled by the intrepid French explorers opened European eyes to the diverse splendours of a long forgotten civilization, giving rise to the science of Egyptology.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282482 - �95.00 - December 2001 - Vol I: 296 pages;
Vol 2: 334 pp.

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From its formation in 1944, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) was one of the most powerful and important players on the British political and industrial stage. Whilst the nation relied upon coal for its electricity production, domestic heating and railway transportation, the miners and their unions would always play a central role in national politics with the ability to cause massive disruption to the nation, should they decide to strike, as they did in 1972 and 1974. However, as the country began to move towards other forms of energy, such as oil and gas, the power of the mineworkers correspondingly decreased, leaving the once mighty union to come to terms with a very different world by the early eighties. This book makes use of union material, party and government archives as well as oral testimony, much of it highly confidential, to present the first overall account of the evolving nature of the tripartite relationship between the miners, the NUM and the state.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606902 - c. �40.00 - June 2002 - c 250 pp.

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The Nenets' Song is the first book-length study of the epic song tradition that survives among the Nenets nation of Northern Eurasia, an area which is also the homeland of such widely known epics as the Finnish Kalevala and Yakut Olonkho. The book considers the Nenets' song tradition within its historical, cultural, social and political contexts, and focuses on its melodic system viewed as a manifestation of musical thought and knowledge.

Alla Abramovich-Gomon provides a description of the Nenets' way of life and their song performances which she has observed while carrying out her field research. The book unravels the epic song's ties with the Nenets' shamanistic past and elaborates on a number of cross-disciplinary theories involved in shaping a holistic interpretation of the song tradition. The study concludes that the Nenets' song tradition embodies the whole of their traditional 'mother culture' and has contributed to the people's survival and adaptation.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146036 - �45.00 - September 1999 - 186 pp.

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As a primary source of historical evidence and insight, it is difficult to overstate the value and importance of Neville Chamberlain's diary letters to his sisters. They represent the most complete and illuminating 'insider' record of British politics between the wars yet to be published. From 1915 Chamberlain wrote detailed weekly epistles to his sisters until his death in 1940; a confidential account of events covering the quarter of a century during which he stood at the very centre of Conservative and national politics. Beyond the fascination of the historical record of people and events, these letters are extremely valuable for the remarkable light they throw upon the personality and character of the private man lurking behind the austerely forbidding public persona.

Volume one covers the crucial formative period from Chamberlain's election as Lord Mayor of Birmingham, through his ill-fated emergence on the national stage as head of the newly-created Department of National Service in 1917 to his entry to the Commons at the age of fifty where as a backbencher he swiftly established a claim to advancement.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146915 - �77.50 - July 2000 - 434 pp.

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As a primary source of historical evidence and insight, it is difficult to overstate the value and importance of Neville Chamberlain's diary letters to his sisters. They represent the most complete and illuminating 'insider' record of British politics between the wars yet to be published. From 1915 Chamberlain wrote detailed weekly epistles to his sisters until his death in 1940; a confidential account of events covering the quarter of a century during which he stood at the very centre of Conservative and national politics. Beyond the fascination of the historical record of people and events, these letters are extremely valuable for the remarkable light they throw upon the personality and character of the private man lurking behind the austerely forbidding public persona.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146923 - �77.50 - December 2000 - 500 pp.

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As a primary source of historical evidence and insight, it is difficult to overstate the value and importance of Neville Chamberlain's diary letters to his sisters. They represent the most complete and illuminating 'insider' record of British politics between the wars yet to be published. From 1915 Chamberlain wrote detailed weekly epistles to his sisters until his death in 1940; a confidential account of events covering the quarter of a century during which he stood at the very centre of Conservative and national politics. Beyond the fascination of the historical record of people and events, these letters are extremely valuable for the remarkable light they throw upon the personality and character of the private man lurking behind the austerely forbidding public persona.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146931 - c. �90.00 - July 2002 - c 500 pp.

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This is the first comprehensive study of the use, abuse and development of the crusade image in popular and high culture in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing upon a diverse range of sources, mainly from the British Isles, but with parallels from Western Europe and North America, the author shows the different approaches to the history of the crusading movement and crusade images taken by the historian, composer, artist and author.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283330 - �47.50 - May 2000 - 240 pp.

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This study collects together many of the original texts from the long-running debate which surrounded the rise of English as an academic subject. Most of the texts were ephemeral and have been long out of print, but they are essential to an understanding of how English studies developed. They show how English was influenced by pre-existing subjects like rhetoric and classics, and how it assumed different faces in different academic institutions. Each text is given an introduction which sets it in context and highlights themes. A general introduction to the book sketches the history of English studies in the nineteenth century.

London was central to the early history, with University College, King's College and Queen's College all looming large. Oxford figured later in the century, and became the centre of a truly national debate over the future of the subject. Schools played a part, especially grammar schools catering for middle-class pupils who were commonly identified as the main market for English.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142782 - �52.50 - November 1998 - 332 pp.

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The British apprenticeship model of nurse training, developed under Florence Nightingale's influence from 1860 at St Thomas's Hospital, gained national and world-wide recognition. Its end was heralded with the publication of the last national syllabus from the General Nursing Council for England and Wales in 1977. This apprenticeship model, a crucial part of the history of British health care for over a century, is the subject of this book.

Primary evidence, much of it original, is gained from Parliamentary debates and reports, syllabuses, long neglected nursing textbooks, major governmental and professional reports, and the voices of nurses themselves expressed through their professional journals. Primary sources are systematically re-examined and contextually interpreted in the light of new evidence.

The study in particular interprets the contemporary attitudes and moral values underpinning the apprenticeship system, especially the place of vocation. The reasons for the ending of this system, arising in part from the cultural shifts of the 1960s, are explained in relation to this historical moral context. The reader sees how the self-understanding of the profession shifts, with much tension and disagreement, as mores change.

The book fills a major gap in the history of nurse training, by giving a sustained account of the apprenticeship model of nursing in context, and charting changing values away from the historic vocational tradition. Its copious use of primary sources will make this a key text for nurses, historians and policy makers.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601722 - �45.00 - April 2001 - 278 pp.

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Does commerce have a "personality" in the early modern era? The selection of papers offered here attempts to answer the question in various ways. Illustrating the intercontinental trading activities of the four main trading nations - Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands, Britain - together with the smaller participants like France, Prussia, and Scandinavia, the editors draw out the differences in commercial organisation and the aspirations of merchants. Particular forms of organisation such as joint-stock monopolies feature heavily in the treatment adopted here, and there are discussions of mercantalism, privateering and piracy. The volume identifies a first expansion circuit in which crown participation in intercontinental trade was vital, and a second expansion circuit, more integrated with European trade, where merchants cooperated for self-interest rather than at the direct behest of government.

Hardback - ISBN: 086078505X - �85.00 - July 1996 - 454 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1859282016 - c. �35.00 - February 2003 - c 240 pp.

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The Mercantile Bank of India was one of a small band of British-managed banks which dominated Anglo-Eastern finance for most of the 20th century. Founded in London in 1893, the Mercantile inherited the business, branches, staff and even the distinctive cable address - Paradise, London - of its forerunner the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London and China. In the early 1900s the Mercantile Bank re-established a strong and quietly successful business in the East. After the First World War the Mercantile played a prominent part in banking development in Malaya. In addition to maintaining its support for the trade of the Indian sub-continent, the bank also enjoyed success in Shanghai. Like its major rivals, the Hongkong Bank, Chartered Bank and the National Bank of India, the Mercantile Bank suffered grievously during the Second World War. In the post-war world it needed both to adapt to massive political change throughout the East and to diversify into new markets and new types of business. In 1959 the Mercantile became a subsidiary of the Hongkong Bank and this book explores the complex, high-level negotiations in London and the East which preceded the acquisition. Although the Mercantile Bank was fully absorbed in 1984 by the Hongkong Bank (now part of the HSBC Group), its history, business and personnel remained an important thread in the traditions of the enlarged group. This history deploys the extensive and colourful archives of the Mercantile Bank, together with the memoirs of former officials and their families. The book is plentifully illustrated from the photograph collections of the Mercantile Bank and former members of its staff.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146850 - �45.00 - December 1999 - 272 pp.

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A manifestation of mass hysteria, a compensation for physical or emotional deprivation, or an alternative to religion?

What is the function of the paranormal in society? This question and its many possible answers are the subject of this scholarly study of our enduring fascination with experiences for which science provides no ready explanations. From the ancient cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt to the present day, Eric Carlton surveys the development of ideas and research associated with the paranormal, culminating as it does today in the recognized academic status accorded to parapsychology.

With a critical yet open mind, Carlton explores issues associated with the study of the paranormal, such as witchcraft beliefs, near-death experiences and the UFO phenomenon. Case studies are employed to illustrate and illuminate certain examples and theories. This thought-provoking book concludes that the paranormal and our study of it provides a multi-faceted vehicle for humanity's quest to find meaning in life.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601706 - �42.50 - May 2000 - 202 pp.

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"Through its reference to visual art, Davlin's book adds a powerful reading of Piers Plowman to current critical debate... in its subtlety of expression and complexity of argument, [Davlin's] book will contribute effectively and powerfully to the critical conversation about the poem."
Professor Louise Bishop, University of Oregon

Probing spatial questions about God posed by Piers Plowman, the author of this interdisciplinary study turns to pictorial evidence-the use of religious space and relationships within such space in English art of the same period. The Place of God in Piers Plowman and Medieval Art is not only a study of the sense of God and of the relationship between God and creatures in the great religious poem, but also an analysis of art works of the high Middle Ages, especially English manuscript illuminations, in their placement of God. Such interdisciplinary analysis historicizes both literature and art, uncovering ways that medieval people imagined God and the understandings that they would have been able to bring to reading and viewing religious art.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602702 - �42.50 - August 2001 - 218 pp.

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Representing a different voice in the study of late ancient religion, these collected essays by Patricia Cox Miller identify new possibilities of meaning in the study of religion in late antiquity. The book addresses the topic of the imaginative mindset of late ancient authors from a variety of Greco-Roman religious traditions. Attending to the play of language, as well as to the late ancient sensitivity to image, metaphor, and paradox, Cox Miller's work highlights the poetizing sensibility that marked many of the texts of this period and draws on methods of interpretation from a variety of contemporary literary-critical theories.

This book will appeal to scholars of late antiquity, religious literature, and literary critical theory more widely, illustrating how fruitful dialogue across the centuries can be - not only in eliciting aspects of late ancient texts that have gone unnoticed but also in showing that many 'modern' ideas, such as Roland Barthes', were actually already alive and well in ancient texts.

Patricia Cox Miller is Professor of Religion at Syracuse University, USA and author of books which include: Dreams in Late Antiquity (Princeton University Press) and Biography in Late Antiquity (University of California Press).

Hardback - ISBN: 0754614883 - �45.00 - June 2001 - 298 pp.

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Isabella Whitney is the earliest Englishwoman known to have written original secular poetry in English for publication. The Copy of a Letter contains four poems written in the personae of persons jilted in love. The only known copy of this volume is held at the Bodleian Library and is reproduced here. Whitney's second collection A Sweet Nosgay contains poetry in traditional stanzas and in prose format. Reproduced here is the unique copy held at the British Library.

The French Historie by Anne Dowriche takes as its subject three events from the religious wars in France: the affair of the Rue St Jacques (1557); the Martyrdom of Annas Burgeus (1559) and the St Bartholomew's Massacre (1572). Her work takes as its source Thomas Tymme's The Three Partes of Commentaries, Containing the whole and perfect discourse of the Civill warres in Fraunce (1574). We reproduce here the fine copy of The French Historie held at the Huntington Library and also append two short poems thought to be hers.

Ane Godlie Dreame, Compylit in Scottish Meter is Elizabeth Melville's first person account of a pilgrim who is guided through the afterworld. While many of the variations in the different editions are merely accidental, there are some substantial changes. As an aid to bibliographic study of the poem therefore, copies of the following four editions are reproduced here: 1603 National Library of Scotland; 1604 National Library of Scotland; 1606 Huntington Library; 1620 British Library.

Aemilia Lanyer was the first woman writing in English to produce a substantial volume of poetry designed to be printed and to attract patrongage. The Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum was published in 1611 and contains a series of poems to individual patrons, two short prose dedications, a title poem on Christ's passion and the first country house poem printed in English. The volume is arguably the first genuinely feminist publication in England: all its dedicatees are women and the poem on the passion argues the virtues of women as opposed to the vices of men. The edition reproduced here is held at the Huntington Library.

Rachel Speght is best known for her responses to the anti-woman tracts that formed a distinct genre in the Tudor and Stuart periods. These are reproduced in Part One of the Early Modern Englishwoman series. Her other published work is the poetry reproduced in this volume Mortalities Memorandum (1621), consisting of the title poem (dealing with the personal reality of death) preceded by A Dreame, an allegory describing her thirst for learning. The text reproduced here is held by the Huntington Library.

Very little is known of Diana Primrose. It is argued, since genealogical records fail to name her, that this name is only an allegorical pseudonym. A Chaine of Pearle is the gift of a pearl necklace, consisting of ten pearls (poems), from Primrose to all noble ladies and gentlewomen. Each pearl/poem extolling the different virtues of women. We reprint here the Huntington Library copy.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142235 - �49.50 - January 2002 - 523 pp.

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The dates of Mary Fage are not known, it is assumed however that she was flourishing around 1637. Fames Roule comprises a series of over 400 acrostic verses, each containing an anagram and each addressed to one of the noble and powerful of Caroline England. As such it constitutes a verbal salute to court culture. While they may not be of great literary value, her verses are an extreme example of the pervasive word play of her time, and their contents afford an extended glimpse at social construction of upperclass reality in Caroline England. Reproduced here is the copy held at the Huntington Library.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142243 - �39.95 - July 2000 - 328 pp.

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Few medieval or Renaissance political writers, male or female, wrote more works on politics than Christine de Pizan; none of them addressed audiences so varied in class or gender. Yet until now there has been no comprehensive full-length study of Christine de Pizan's political thought. With The Political Theory of Christine de Pizan, Kate Forhan rectifies this oversight, situating de Pizan in the history of political thought while discussing traditional concerns of political theorists, such as justice, obligation, law, equality, and just war. Forhan also addresses the question of whether Pizan's work is original or derivative; whether she is a theorist or "merely" a political writer.

Between 1400 and 1429, at a time of great civil strife in France, Christine de Pizan wrote ten books for the instruction and guidance of those engaged in political life. Her theory is focused on a "politics of inclusion," which validates the essential contribution of each member of the body politic to the whole, despite socially and politically mandated difference of class, nationality, and gender-ideas not without significance to the modern era.

As Forhan demonstrates through analysis of her work, the thought of Christine de Pizan has true relevance for modern times. First, hers was a society in transition: new class structures, new occupations, and new aspirations were appearing behind the crumbling structures of the late medieval world. Secondly, Christine de Pizan was an outsider; a woman in a world dominated by men, an Italian in France, a member of the "meritocracy" at a court that was rigidly hierarchical. Her "difference" gave her the perspective to observe her society objectively. Her personal vulnerability allowed her to see politics more clearly, as those who are most vulnerable might see our own. Thirdly, she was a shrewd observer in a country that was emerging as a nation-state, where new concepts and practices of law, justice, administration, and politics in general were in the process of development.

This book will be of interest to political theorists and political scientists; medieval historians; historians of women and gender; and scholars of comparative literature.

Paperback - ISBN: 0754601749 - �17.99 - April 2002 - c 208 pp.

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Few medieval or Renaissance political writers, male or female, wrote more works on politics than Christine de Pizan; none of them addressed audiences so varied in class or gender. Yet until now there has been no comprehensive full-length study of Christine de Pizan's political thought. With The Political Theory of Christine de Pizan, Kate Forhan rectifies this oversight, situating de Pizan in the history of political thought while discussing traditional concerns of political theorists, such as justice, obligation, law, equality, and just war. Forhan also addresses the question of whether Pizan's work is original or derivative; whether she is a theorist or "merely" a political writer.

Between 1400 and 1429, at a time of great civil strife in France, Christine de Pizan wrote ten books for the instruction and guidance of those engaged in political life. Her theory is focused on a "politics of inclusion," which validates the essential contribution of each member of the body politic to the whole, despite socially and politically mandated difference of class, nationality, and gender-ideas not without significance to the modern era.

As Forhan demonstrates through analysis of her work, the thought of Christine de Pizan has true relevance for modern times. First, hers was a society in transition: new class structures, new occupations, and new aspirations were appearing behind the crumbling structures of the late medieval world. Secondly, Christine de Pizan was an outsider; a woman in a world dominated by men, an Italian in France, a member of the "meritocracy" at a court that was rigidly hierarchical. Her "difference" gave her the perspective to observe her society objectively. Her personal vulnerability allowed her to see politics more clearly, as those who are most vulnerable might see our own. Thirdly, she was a shrewd observer in a country that was emerging as a nation-state, where new concepts and practices of law, justice, administration, and politics in general were in the process of development.

This book will be of interest to political theorists and political scientists; medieval historians; historians of women and gender; and scholars of comparative literature.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601730 - �45.00 - April 2002 - c 208 pp.

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This interdisciplinary collection of essays, the first on the subject, constitutes a major step forward in our understanding of the pontificate of Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici; pope 1523-34), which has, until recently, received inadequate scholarly attention. For centuries, Clement's pontificate has been seen as among the most disastrous in history-and the pontiff himself has been characterized as timid, vacillating, and avaricious. Traditionally, Clement's spectacular political and military failures have elicited the scorn of historians, rather than balanced and dispassionate analysis.

However, in recent years the pontificate of Clement VII has become a focal point of intense scholarly interest, not only among historians but also among scholars of art, music, and Latin and vernacular literature. Drawing on long-neglected sources as rich as they are abundant, the majority of the distinguished contributors to this volume address all of these fields, re-assessing Clement's character, familial and personal relations including those with Medici women, political strategies, and significant cultural patronage. The remaining contributors address broader issues, such as religious reform in the pre-Tridentine period and the historiographic impact of the Sack of Rome.

Taken together, the essays collected here provide the most expansive and nuanced portrayal of Clement yet offered. In reconsidering Clementine politics and emphasizing the cultural vitality of the period, the collection provides a fresh and much-needed understanding of Clement VII's pontificate and its critical importance for the history of Renaissance Rome, Italy, and Europe.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606805 - c. �90.00 - January 2003 - c 473 pages inclusivepp.

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This volume makes available a unique record of the post-Byzantine architecture and buildings - churches primarily, but also monasteries, bridges and schools - of the Pontos, the north-eastern coastlands of Anatolia. The region enjoyed two great periods of prosperity, first expressed in the richness of its buildings from the time of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1461), and second in its no less remarkable but barely-known post-Byzantine monuments. This Pontic revival began in the 18th century, under the patronage of the silver-miners and bishops of Chaldia and flourished after the Trebizond-Tabriz route was opened to Western trade from 1829. It ended abruptly with the departure of the Pontic Greeks in 1923. In the 1950s-1970s the authors recorded several hundreds of abandoned monuments in 68 settlements in the former dioceses of Amasia, Neoceasarea, Chaldia, Trebizond and Rhodopolis, which since then have further deteriorated, if not disappeared. These accounts and illustrations, reproduced here from the original photographs, are therefore now often the only record of these astonishing buildings. The monuments are placed within their Ottoman social and economic context and their history illuminated by archival material, such as British consular reports from Trebizond.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788644 - c. �95.00 - April 2002 - c 472 pp.

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Geology is the most historical of all sciences. Yet its own history remains neglected, especially the many aspects of how geology was practised in the past. This volume analyses the careers of some important practical figures in English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish geology between 1750 and 1850. These include people who would have regarded themselves more as mining engineers (or 'coal viewers' as they were then called in the vital coal industry) or 'mineral surveyors' as today's mineral prospectors were first called (from 1808), or even inventors. Their expertise, in the land which led the industrial revolution, took them all over the world. Those included here went to Italy, and South (Peru) and North America (Virginia and Canada). The practice of geology, through the search for mines and minerals, has been much less attended to by historians than the geology which was undertaken by leisured amateurs - even though practical geology was as important in the past as the oil industry is today.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788768 - �59.50 - March 2002 - c372 pp.

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This book deals with important aspects of nineteenth-century culture, literary, philosophical and scientific, which remain live issues today.

It examines in detail the writings of Dickens, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, James Hamilton, Eliot Mill, Arnold, Pater and Newman and makes substantial reference to Hawthorne, Dickinson, Spencer, Carlyle and Hardy, all in the context of the dominant intellectual movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The thought of Hamilton, Newman, Mill and Spencer is contrasted with that of twentieth-century figures like the philosophers Frege, Husserl, Wittenstein, Merleau-Ponty, the neo-Darwinists Monod and Dawkins and critics like Eagleton and Miller.

William Myers argues for a traditional view, deriving largely from Newman, of the unity and autonomy of individual human beings. He suggests that science and literature depend on persons being actively and responsively present to each other, that freedom is always interpersonal, and that in great literature we can discover the workings of this deep mutuality and its enemies.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146451 - �49.95 - November 1998 - 256 pp.

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The renaissance of printing is generally accepted as starting in 1891, the date of the first publication from William Morris's Kelmscott Press. Morris's printing of his own Story of the Glittering Plain, began a movement that was to continue until 1939, and produce some of the finest examples of English printed books ever known.

This book contains an up-to-date bibliography, compiled by John Turner, which includes all the books discussed in Colin Franklin's text. Each entry lists author, title, date of publication, a short description of the make-up of the book, a reference to a published bibliography and auction prices. Wherever possible, details of type face, paper, binding, names of illustrators and original selling price are also included. After the bibliography there is an index of both authors and titles.

First published in 1969, this revised second edition remains the standard survey of the private presses in Britian. It is an invaluable source of reference for libraries, bibliographies, collectors, antiquarian booksellers and anyone with an interest in the history of printing.

'The essays are full of an enthusiasm that leads one back to the shelves to look again at what one might have there, and to reflect on the spirit of the printers concerned' The Private Library

'..it will be an essential guide to the subject for many years to come' ABMR

Hardback - ISBN: 0859678350 - �52.50 - January 1990 - 388 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 075460070X - c. �49.50 - January 2003 - c 256 pp.

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The essays here collect the author's further researches since the publication of her pathbreaking Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages in 1969. In part stimulated by responses to the book, they also show the extent to which the field then opened up has now expanded. In the last forty years a cultural shift in the meaning of 'history' has brought to the forefront an interest in how people have charted their future by the signs given in their historical heritage. Both pessimistic and optimistic readings of history meet in medieval Western Europe and colour the thought, art, even the politics of the Renaissance. In particular, the powerful vision of Joachim of Fiore activated a reading of history which culminates in a flowering of a 'third age'. These essays attempt to portray some of the strange and moving shapes which thronged the imagination as men and women looked to their prophetic future.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788059 - �57.50 - August 1999 - 316 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180549 - �80.00 - January 1997 - 836 pp.

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This volume is one of two edited by Andrew Rippin which are designed to complement one another, and to comprehend the principal trends in modern scholarship on the Qur'an. Both volumes are provided with a new introduction by the editor, analysing this scholarship, and providing references for further study.

The Qur'an: Formative Interpretation is concerned with the questions that have been addressed within the study of the early interpretation (tafsir) of the Qur'an. These papers exemplify the areas of debate within the field, the need for detailed investigative scholarship of individual texts, and the progress made in the systematic study of these early works.

Hardback - ISBN: 086078701X - �75.00 - December 1999 - 414 pp.

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This volume is one of two edited by Andrew Rippin which are designed to complement one another, and to comprehend the principal trends in modern scholarship on the Qur'an. Both volumes are provided with a new introduction by the editor, analysing this scholarship, and providing references for further study.

The Qur'an: Style and Contents reveals the variety of approaches followed within the study of the text. From N�ldeke's examination of style through Arkoun's project for the future, these scholarly statements reflect the historical development of the discipline, while providing overviews of key elements for the understanding of the Qur'an.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787001 - �75.00 - October 2001 - 464 pp.

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The position of the Qur'an as the central symbol and reference point of Islam cannot be disputed. Despite this significance, the academic study of the Qur'an has lagged far behind that of the Bible. In these studies Andrew Rippin reflects upon both the principles and the problems of studying the Qur'an within the discipline of religious studies. He also pursues detailed investigations of the meaning of variants to the text and the history of Muslim interpretation of the text in its diversity. A newly written introduction lays out some of the general implications of these studies, while extensive indexes of Qur'anic verses, books, authors and topics make this research more readily accessible.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788482 - �62.50 - October 2001 - 360 pp.

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Saladin is perhaps the one and only Muslim ruler who emerges with any clarity in standard tales and histories of the Crusades; this is a translation of Baha' al-Din Ibn Shaddad's account of his life and career. Ibn Shaddad (1144-1234) was clearly a great admirer of Saladin and was a close associate of his, serving as his qadi al-'askar (judge of the army), from 1188 until Saladin's death in 1193. His position and his access to information make this an authoritative and essential source for Saladin's career, while his personal relationship with the sultan adds a sympathetic and moving element to the account of his final years. Aside from its inherent value as a source for the history of Egypt and the Middle East, it therefore provides a much-needed complement and corrective to the widely-known Latin accounts of the Crusades and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. The present translation is based on a fuller edition of the text than that used in the previous 19th-century translation, and takes into account the translator's readings of the earliest manuscript of the work, dated July 1228.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601439 - �42.50 - June 2001 - 278 pp.

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It is a truism that Russian culture is based upon the reception of Byzantine culture. However, the question of what was in fact received is the task that Professor Thomson has set in these studies, by means of a detailed examination of the corpus of translations. Down to the 17th century this corpus was essentially made up of works required for the liturgy and the monastic life. Few works of dogmatic theology and virtually no classical or philosophical works were translated, neither was a knowledge of Greek, which would have provided access to the originals, widespread. The result was an unreasoning adherence to ritual forms. Western ideas which began to penetrate into Muscovy in the 17th century were not absorbed by Russian culture but fundamentally reshaped it, and the result led to a schism within the Church. Russia today is Orthodox by religion, but Byzantine culture disappeared with Byzantium. A major section of addenda takes into account the advances in scholarship since the articles were first published.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786501 - �65.00 - December 1999 - 416 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0754601838 - c. �59.50 - December 2002 - c 368 pp.

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Although the connection between the invention of printing and the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century has long been a scholarly commonplace, there is still a great deal of evidence about the relationship to be presented and analysed. This collection of authoritative reviews by distinguished historians deals with the role of the book in the spread of the Reformation all over the continent, identifying common European experiences and local peculiarities. It summarises important recent work on the topic from every major European country, introducing English-speakers to much important and previously inaccessible research.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859284485 - �82.50 - July 1998 - 520 pp.

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As Luther wrote, 'The prosperity of a country depends not upon the abundance of its revenue, nor on the strength of its fortifications, nor on the beauty of its public buildings, but it consists in the number of cultivated citizens, in its men of education, enlightenment and character.' After a preliminary essay on the concept of Reformation, the studies in this second collection by Lewis Spitz emphasize this special concern for education shown by the reformers of the 16th century, whose leaders were nearly all university men themselves. The second half of the book takes up the origins and development of early modern historical thought, reflecting the conviction of the reformers, even more than the humanists, that the knowledge of history and enquiry into its meaning were of fundamental importance for civilized culture, perspective, and for building the future.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785467 - �59.50 - June 1997 - 330 pp.

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This work provides a comprehensive and multi-facetted account of the Reformation in eastern and central Europe, drawing on extensive archival research carried out by Continental and British scholars.

Across a broad thematic, temporal and geographical range, the contributors examine the cultural impact of the Reformation in Eastern Europe, the encounters between different confessions, and the blend of religious and political pressures which shaped the path of Reformation in these lands. By making the fruits of their research accessible to a wider audience, the contributors hope to emphasise the important role of eastern and central Europe on the early modern European scene.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283586 - �55.00 - May 1997 - 250 pp.

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The period after 1945 witnessed a revolution in urban planning, with local and national governments taking radical and innovative approaches to mass housing following the ravages of the second world war. As well as attempting to provide new homes following the devastation of five years of total war, there was also a determination to raise the living standards of the inner city working classes living in the archaic terraces and tenements of the proceeding age. The post war city was to be bright and modern, designed as much by sociologists as architects, but in the ideological rush to create modern housing projects, the people who were to inhabit them, were often left out of the decision making procsses.

This work considers how myth, collective memory and history interact in the construction of place-based identities in the city, and how such identities become crucial stakes in determining the future of particular areas, neighbourhoods and districts. By analysing examples of public protest against urban planing planning projects, the author looks at how dominant discourses promoted by urban elites have been challenged by groups with little experience of participating in urban governance. It is argued that the relationship between words and places - the naming and categorising of places- is crucial to the understanding of these conflicts.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606538 - c. �45.00 - August 2002 - c 230 pp.

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Overshadowed for nearly two hundred years in European scholarship by the achievements and reputation of his eldest son George Forster, J. R. Forster - principal naturalist on James Cook's second voyage - was nevertheless recognised by many contemporaries as one of the 'universal geniuses' of the late 18th century. His journal of the voyage offers many new insights, expressed at times in quite unrestrained language, into the day-to-day relationships, life and thinking and theory-testing on the second, and the most scientific and the most epic of Cook's voyages.

However, the circumstances of Forster's career and personality were such that his work was dogged by debilitating disputes and vendettas. Consequently, important works such as this journal, which would have established him as the leading comparative anthropologist, linguist, geographer and zoologist of the Pacific, have thus far remained obscure and seldom-used manuscripts. Anthropologists, ethnolinguists, geographers, botanists, zoologists and medical and literary historians will find here much new observation and theory; for the two Forsters fashioned forces to influence Alexander von Humboldt and foretell Charles Darwin.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180107 - �80.00 - January 1982 - 870 pp.

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Historians have long recognized epidemics to be a significant, though sometimes hidden, factor in the fortunes of societies and civilizations. The study of epidemics heightens our understanding of relationships between economic systems and living conditions. It illuminates the ideologies and religious beliefs of the affected community and illustrates the efforts and inadequacies of public health systems.

This investigation of the history of epidemics in various parts of Peru during the twentieth century opens up a new field for Latin American studies to include health and disease. These are important areas of the past that enable us to understand better the living conditions of people, the role of state authority and the dynamics of social movement.

Marcos Cueto examines five series of epidemics: the bubonic plague of 1903-1930; the fever epidemic of 1919-1922; the typhus and small pox epidemics in the Andes; attempts to control and eradicate malaria, and the cholera epidemics of 1991. In each case he studies the biological and ecological factors that caused the outbreak, and the techniques and policies applied to fight it, together with the response of the affected society.

The experience of epidemics in Peru has been cyclical. Poverty breeds disease which in turn results in further poverty. One of the aims of this study is to highlight areas of success and failure in the fight against epidemics in the hope that such awareness may help break this vicious circle.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754603148 - �47.50 - April 2001 - 186 pp.

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Before the introduction of Greco-Arabic mathematical astronomy in the 12th century, what astronomy was there in the medieval West? While we know of developments in computus, which calculated with solar and lunar cycles to create Christian calendars, and in monastic time-telling by the stars, was anything known of the five planets? Using glosses, commentaries, and diagrams to the early manuscripts of four classical Latin authors - Pliny, Macrobius, Martianus Capella, and Calcidius - Bruce Eastwood provides evidence for the extensive development of the sixth liberal art, astronomy, from the time of Charlemagne forward, with a particular focus on the diagrams used and invented by Carolingian and later scholars. Learning to understand the motions of planets in terms of spatial, or geometrical, arrangement, they mined these Roman writings for astronomical and cosmological doctrines, in the process not only absorbing but also creating models of planetary motions. What they accomplished over three centuries was to establish a basic set of models that showed the reasoned order of the planets in the heavens.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860788687 - c. �59.50 - April 2002 - 334 pp.

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This study investigates the thinking of European authors from Vitoria to Kant about political justice, the global community, and the rights of strangers as one special form of interaction among individuals of divergent societies, political communities, and cultures. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it covers historical material from a predominantly philosophical perspective, interpreting authors who have tackled problems related to the rights of strangers under the heading of international hospitality. Their analyses of the civitas maxima or the societas humani generis covered the nature of the global commonwealth. Their doctrines of natural law (ius naturae) were supposed to provide what we nowadays call theories of political justice.

The focus of the work is on international hospitality as part of the law of nations, on its scope and justification. It follows the political ideas of Francisco de Vitoria and the Second Scholastic in the 16th century, of Alberico Gentili, Hugo Grotius, Samuel Pufendorf, Christian Wolff, Emer de Vattel, Johann Jacob Moser, and Immanuel Kant. It draws attention to the international dimension of political thought in Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Adam Smith, and others. This is predominantly a study in intellectual history which contextualizes ideas, but also emphasizes their systematic relevance.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754606325 - �50.00 - February 2002 - 430 pp.

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The history of management consulting in Britain is a subject that has received little attention in the past in terms of research or publication. This work redresses the gap in the knowledge base of business and management history, presenting the historical situation in the context of management consulting. Identifying the beginnings of consultancy services in the mid nineteenth century, Ferguson charts its progression through a series of time frames that span the twentieth century.

Utilising a series of consistent themes, such as service delivery forms and training, which can be compared and contrasted across time, the book provides not only a history of management consultancy services, but also shows how the take-up and form of services was heavily dependent upon the prevailing attitudes within business to the role of management.

The thoroughly researched and well presented arguments in this book will greatly add to our knowledge of British management during the twentieth century.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754605612 - c. �47.50 - June 2002 - c 294 pp.

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This book analyses the rise of the mass media in Romania after the 1989 revolution in terms of the cultural development of a newly emerging "civil society". It considers the difficulties for the development of an independent media (both print and broadcast) in the face of interwar political crisis. This book is also concerned with forms of representation in the Romanian media and therefore of cultural identity considering the rich cultural diversity of the country which includes Hungarians, Serbs, Saxons, Gypsies and so on.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754610691 - c. �36.50 - March 2003 - c 225 pp.

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The image of the monarch is widespread in English public life. Royal statues and monuments, sometimes rather shabby now, still occupy prominent positions in towns and cities throughout the country. At first sight they may appear solidly uncontroversial, as if simply representing a long, undisputed national tradition of stable leadership, but some of our predecessors viewed them differently. Far from representing national agreement, English royal memorials have frequently been either the products or the victims of factional rivalry and strife. Some of the earliest and fiercest 'heritage debates' in England centred on royal monuments. Aspects of the past enshrined in stone or bronze were celebrated or challenged to suit contemporary political positions, and until relatively recently such monuments continued to be a focus for the expression of some widely differing views on national leadership and history.

In this volume, Nicola Smith traces the development and changing fortunes of the royal image in English public monuments from the late Middle Ages to the beginning of the twentieth century.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146729 - �49.95 - June 2001 - 246 pp.

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This book presents a collection of contemporary documents throwing light on the campaigns by the Royal Navy, in association with the army, on cities of the Spanish Empire in South America, beginning with the (unauthorised) assault on Buenos Aires in 1806, by Sir Home Popham.

One of Popham's aims was to open South America for British trade and also perhaps to liberate the land from its supposed Spanish oppressors, and although the people of Buenos Aires may not have wished to remain as Spanish subjects, it soon became apparent that they had no wish to become British subjects. It was this fact that led to the subsequent loss of Buenos Aires only six weeks after its capture, and the net result of Popham's interventions was to begin the process of South American independence and the collapse of the Spanish Empire.

Hardback - ISBN: 185928292X - �72.50 - July 1996 - 398 pp.

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The Scottish miners experienced enormous changes during these sixty-five years. Enjoying a high degree of autonomy underground throughout the nineteenth century, their work situation was transformed in the twentieth as Scotland became the most intensively mechanised of the British coalfields. Grievances generated by this change led to strike rates in Scotland being up to ten and fifteen times higher than in the major English coalfields. Such militancy displayed considerable geographical variation however, and the translation of grievances into industrial conflict was mediated by variables rooted in the community as well as the pit. A central theme of this volume is to explore the differences between the four principal mining regions in Scotland through the detailed study of ten localities within them. This innovative, two-tiered comparison is used to analyse the competing loyalties of class, gender and ethnicity, to map the uneven terrain of popular protest and social disorder, and to challenge traditional stereotypes of 'a peaceable kingdom'. This historical sociology of the Scottish coalfields frames the analysis of trade unionism and politics which is developed in the companion volume to this book.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601919 - �47.50 - November 2000 - 416 pp.

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The Scottish miners, under leaders such as Keir Hardie, Robert Smillie and John Maclean, were in the vanguard of establishing the modern British labour movement. Yet this volume does not chart any unproblematic 'forward march of labour' nor postulate a homogeneous political radicalism. For union activists traversed an unusually wide-ranging political spectrum, from Orange-based Conservatism, through Labourism and the Independent Labour Party to a significant body of support for syndicalism and later Communism. Within the context of the preliminary, detailed examination of the economy, social structures and cultural traditions of the Scots coalfields in its companion volume, this book goes on to develop the social history of trade union and political institutions. It analyses the internal dynamics of the miners' unions by reference to three competing approaches to trade unionism and politics - the independent collier, bureacratic reformism and the militant miner - and employs the neglected concept of generation to explain their emergence and support.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601927 - �47.50 - November 2000 - 448 pp.

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The Scottish coalfields were among the first areas in Britain to develop socialist politics from the 1880s onwards, although widespread electoral support for the Labour Party was not established until after the First World War. Sections of the Scots miners were also unusual in their support for communism. A breakaway 'Red' union was established in 1929 and two out of the three Communist MPs elected in Britain during the interwar period represented seats in the Scottish coalfields. Strikes were also much more frequent than in any of the English mining areas. But such political radicalism and industrial militancy were far from uniform, either between or within the principal Scots mining regions. This diversity provides the ideal arena in which to analyse the complex and intellectually contested relationships between political and industrial behaviour and class, ethnicity and gender.

These volumes develop a new and multi-facetted approach to labour history by studying the interplay between the economic, social and political spheres at the local, regional and national levels for an important group of workers - by the 1920s, miners were the largest single occupational group in Scotland. The books therefore represent not just the study of one group of workers and their families but also make an important and novel contribution to the social history of modern Scotland.

Both volumes draw on an exceptionally wide range of documentary and oral sources , including interviews with veteran miners, trade union and employers' records, Communist Party and Comintern records which have only recently been made accessible, previously unused government papers, Board of Trade Dispute books, the local and socialist press as well as census enumerators' books and civil marriage registers. They engage with a series of ongoing debates - on employers' strategy and the labour process, the meanings of 'community', reciprocities between social identities, 'rank and fileism' the character of communism in Britain - and will prove essential reading for students of labour, social, economic and contemporary history, politics, sociology and industrial relations.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601935 - �82.50 - November 2000 - 864 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1859284345 - c. �35.00 - January 2003 - c 260 pp.

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The Sculpted Object 1400-1700 features 12 essays which consider a variety of the roles played by sculpture during the Renaissance period and into that of the Baroque. Based on the papers given at the 1995 Association of Art Historians conference session of the same name, the collection investigates how sculpture was employed by artists of the time, both as an expressive medium in its own right and in relation to other artistic media

Through examination of a broad range of artistic objects, the contributors evoke the varied nature and utilization of sculpture in the period. Their diverse approaches incorporate analysis and interpretation of individual art works, and the assessment of contracts, letters and accounts.

In exploring sculpture's role as a stimulus to creativity in other artistic fields, the authors consider works of widely contrasting scale and meaning, including two-dimensional renderings of sculpted imagery in drawing and painting, the decoration of medals and bells, small table-top objects, prestigious public monuments and sculpture's complex interrelationships with painting and architecture. In combination, the essays construct a picture of practical and imaginative artistic responses to contemporary patronal demands and to a range of constrictions characteristic of the period.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282709 - �49.95 - October 1997 - 272 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1840142650 - c. �40.00 - October 2002 - c 224 pp.

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The Selected Letters of Jane Welsh Carlyle presents a complete view of a remarkable Victorian woman, who cultivated a wide circle of friends and enjoyed the company of distinguished thinkers, politicians, feminists, radicals, and eccentrics. Determined to be more that the "wife of genius," Jane Carlyle created a memorable epistolary voice - shrewd, vigorous, ironic, observant, anecdotal, and passionate. Through her correspondence she achieved the insights of a great novelist in skilfully shaped miniatures. Previous selections followed the semi-mythical version of her life offered by Carlyle's biographer, James Anthony Froude, and represented her as the victimized "angel in distress." In this selection, the editors give a fully rounded picture of her complex character, treating her as a tormented yet forceful woman who was a powerful personality in her own right. She emerges as a self-conscious artist, adept at constructing images of herself that were designed to appeal to particular recipients. Each letter is a tightly controlled performance, which justifies Thomas Carlyle's own belief that her letters "equal and surpass whatever of best I know to exist in that kind."

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601374 - c. �60.00 - April 2003 - c 400 pp.

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The text of the book consists of some 150 letters (out of a corpus of 2,500) written by the late nineteenth-century poet, critic, editor and journalist W.E. Henley, to various figures of the period, e.g. R.L. Stevenson, H. G. Wells, J.M. Barrie, William Archer, Rodin, Wilde, Kipling, Arthur Morrison, Alice Meynell, and Edmund Gosse. Letters are also included to other figures within Henley's immediate circle, his wife Anna, his financial backer Fitzroy Bell, Charles Baxter the arbitrator in the quarrel between Henley and Stevenson, and his Edinburgh art collector friend Hamilton Bruce. Each letter is fully annotated. An introduction places Henley within the period and provides a biographical account of his life and literary work which is reflected in his letters. Of particular importance is the role of Henley as editor of London, the Magazine of Art, the Scots Observer and later the National Observer and the New Review.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146346 - �52.50 - June 2000 - 392 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 086078195X - �69.50 - June 1986 - 330 pp.

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This book offers a new perspective to the current debate about popular religious attitudes in Tudor England, laying particular emphasis on the social and secular dimensions of parish life.

The argument focuses on the role of the laity and especially on the office of churchwarden. It assesses the rising levels of parish income, the importance of the social context for fund-raising strategies, and the growing expenditure on priests, voluntary activities and administrative duties. The final part discusses the Reformation-related reduction in religious options and the intensifying trend towards oligarchical parish regimes and official local government responsibilities.

Wherever possible, the English situation is put into sharper focus by comparisons with local ecclesiastical life on the Continent and appendices provide a detailed financial analysis for a large number of parishes.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859281648 - �57.50 - December 1996 - 376 pp.

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When did Africa emerge as a continent in the European mind? This book aims to trace the origins of the idea of Africa and its evolution in Renaissance thought. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the process of acquiring knowledge through travel and exploration, and its representation within a discourse which also includes previously acquired cosmographical elements.

Among the themes investigated are: How did the image of Africa evolve from the conception of a symbolic space to a Euclidean representation? How did the Renaissance rediscovery of Antiquity interact with the Portuguese discoveries along the African coast? And once Africa was circumnavigated, how was the inner landmass depicted in the absense of first-hand knowledge? And, overall, in this whole process what was the interplay of myth and reality?

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602397 - c. �50.00 - May 2002 - c 320 pp.

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This study comprises the proceedings of a conference held in St Andrews in 1999 which gathered some of the most distinguished historians of the French book. It presents the 16th-century book in a new context and provides the first comprehensive view of this absorbing field. Four major themes are reflected here: the relationship between the manuscript tradition and the printed book; an exploration of the variety of genres that emerged in the 16th century and how they were used; a look at publishing and book-selling strategies and networks, and the ways in which the authorities tried to control these; and a discussion of the way in which confessional literature diverged and converged. The range of specialist knowledge embedded in this study will ensure its appeal to specialists in French history, scholars of the book and of 16th-century French literature, and historians of religion.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602788 - �55.00 - October 2001 - 384 pp.

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For the first time since its invention over 500 years ago, the print medium is being challenged as the primary means of recording and communicating ideas. Indeed, within the printing industry itself the advent of digital technology has rendered the craft of hand setting metal type obsolete - the days of the skilled compositor are now at an end.

Patrick Duffy's work sets out to examine the experiences of the skilled compositor in the period 1850 to 1914. Focusing primarily on the workplace and the workplace institutions, it aims to explore issues of control, co-operation and conflict in order to determine if the compositor did, as many labour historians claim, belong to an aristocracy of labour.

Drawing on a wide range of source material from trade society minutes to Parliamentary Papers, the author explores the diversity of experience that compositors had in the workplace and the uneven patterns of change that the trade experienced. The study throws light on some of the issues raised by these changes: what part did ancient craft traditions play in the maintenance of control in the workplace? Why were women excluded from this particular work when they were accepted in most other parts of the trade? To what extent did trade society officials represent the aspirations of the rank and file membership?

Starting with an overview of the nature, growth and development of the trade, the book goes on to examine the occupational and social aspects of the compositors' experience, with a chapter devoted to women's role in the printing trade. Finally, the formation, functions and development of relevant trades unions and employers' associations is discussed. This insightful analysis of the experience of the skilled compositor provides a valuable case study for labour historians at the same time furthering our understanding of a somewhat neglected aspect of printing history.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602559 - �47.50 - December 2000 - 244 pp.

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The period 1930-1945 was one of huge social change in Brazil, with the introduction of industrialisation under the authoritarian regime of Get�lio Vargas. In this book, Lisa Shaw examines the impact of political, social and cultural developments on the nation's most popular musical form, samba. She looks at the way songs were written, the lifestyles and social positions of the composers (sambistas) and their relationship to political and commercial power structures.

Samba lyrics are unique historical documents and by studying them we can obtain a clear picture of samba's shifting status as it developed from being the music of working-class blacks and was appropriated by mainstream middle-class culture. The final chapters of the book focus on the lyrics of three influential sambistas: Ata�lfo Alves, Ari Barroso and Noel Rosa and look at the manner in which their songs both comply with and flout tradition and authority.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840142898 - �40.00 - March 1999 - 222 pp.

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Sir James Somerville (1882-1949) was one of the great influences on the 20th-century navy, both as a commander of fleets and a pioneer of radio and radar. The Admiral's extensive correspondence, diaries and reports are deposited in the Churchill Archives Centre at Cambridge.

These edited selections reveal much of the background about major naval operations in the Second World War. The loneliness of high command is clearly revealed in these highly personal documents, almost 500 of which are reproduced in the book. In particular they show Somerville's frequent disagreements with Churchill - a feature common to all senior British commanders during the war.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282075 - �62.50 - November 1995 - 728 pp.

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The Song of the Cathar Wars is the first translation into English of the Old Proven�al Canso recounting the events of the years 1204-1218 in Southern France. In an effort to extirpate the Cathar heresy, Pope Innocent III launched what is now known as the Albigensian Crusade, but it was fiercely resisted by the lords and people of the Languedoc, if in the end in vain. This 'song' was written in two parts, the first by William of Tudela, a supporter of the crusade; the second by an anonymous continuer, wholeheartedly in sympathy with the southerners, although not with the heretics themselves. It stands as a historical source of great importance, not least because it depicts the side that lost. The poem is also a skilful, dramatic and often impassioned composition, evoking the brilliant world of landed knights and the glories and bloody realities of battle.

Janet Shirley is an award-winning translator of works on the French Middle Ages. Other publications by her include the Song of Roland and, in this Crusade Texts in Translation series, Crusader Syria in the 13th Century and, with Peter Edbury, Guillaume de Machaut: The Conquest of Alexandria.

Paperback - ISBN: 0754603881 - �16.50 - December 2000 - 224 pp.

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The coup d'etat is a political expedient as opposed to a revolution or insurrection. Coups come in all sorts of forms. There are military coups and palace coups; political and non-political coups; indigenous coups and externally supported coups; bloody coups and bloodless coups; failed coups and successful coups.

Using a broad historical range of case studies, Eric Carlton tackles several questions: Why do coups occur? What are the preconditions, and in what circumstances is a coup likely to take place? Who are the participants? How is the coup planned and executed? What are the consequences? How are coups legitimized and consolidated?

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282318 - �52.50 - April 1997 - 252 pp.

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The essays in this book discuss a number of the central metaphysical and ethical themes that engaged the minds of Platonist philosophers during late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. One particular theme is that of the structure of reality, with the associated questions of the relations between soul and body and between intelligible and sensible reality, and the existence of mathematical objects. Other topics relate to evil and beauty, political life and its purpose, the philosophical search for the absolute Good, and how one can speak about this Absolute and have union with it. Going from Plato to Eriugena, the ways in which Platonist philosophers understood and developed these themes are analysed and compared.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787656 - �55.00 - December 1998 - 318 pp.

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The study of ethnology or "Volkskunde" in Austria has had a somewhat murky reputation this century, with two prominent figures from the main Viennese "Mythological School" taking high positions during the era of National Socialism. The first, Richard Wolfram, was involved in Himmler's SS-Ancestral INheritance programme in South Tyrol and the "Germanischer Wissenschaftseinsatz" which was charged with the re-education of 600 Norwegian students of whom about 150 disappeared after first being imprisoned. The second, Karl Haiding, worked in Alfred Rosenberg's Bureau and was sent to establish a folklore research centre in Graz, which was probably a guise to facilitate the plunder of the Balkans, Moldova and the Ukraine. The volume examines these two characters and the impact of their research, and sets them in the context of Austrian ethnology before and after the war years. It shows how, while some scholars such as Leopold Schmidt, carried on from this traditional "Mythological" basis, others, such as Helmut Fielhauer, were devoted to a democratic recording of history and helped modernise the discipline in Austria. The book concludes by examining the present day ethnological outlook in the country.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754617475 - c. �39.95 - February 2003 - c 250 pp.

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The year 2001 marks the centenary of the Royal Navy's submarine service. This volume opens with an examination of the background to the Board of Admiralty's decision in 1900 to buy submarines, bringing to light documents that go a long way toward dispelling the myth that Britain's pre-1914 naval leaders were opposed to the development of the submarine as a major weapon. Indeed, the documents show that senior naval officers and influential civilians in Whitehall believed that the advent of the submarine would revolutionize naval warfare in a way that would bolster the Royal Navy's position as the world's predominant naval power. This edited selection of documents illustrates not only the Admiralty's thinking on the employment of the submarine between 1900 and 1918, it also charts the technical development of British submarines, and explains issues such as why the pioneer submariners came to regard themselves as an �lite group within the Royal Navy - and were allowed to become the 'silent service'.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460294X - �75.00 - April 2001 - 442 pp.

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The narrow strip of land and islands from Mogadishu south to

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782239 - �62.50 - January 1988 - 284 pages,pp.

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The so-called 'Templar of Tyre' is the third and longest section of an important 14th-century chronicle known as the Gestes des Chiprois. Written by a Cypriot knight who served the Templar Master William of Beaujeu as an Arabic translator and a member of his immediate retinue, the 'Templar of Tyre' provides precious contemporary insights, often drawn from the author's personal experience, into events beginning in the early 1230s and ending in 1309 in the East and 1314 in the West. Notably, it covers the last days of the mainland Crusader states and the fall of Acre in 1291 (providing our only eyewitness chronicle of this disaster), as well as providing information on the period following 1291.

The author also reports various events in the West, including the wars of the Hohenstaufen in Italy, the rise and fall of Simon de Montfort in England, the trial and dissolution of the Templars in France, and the interminable wars of Genoa and Venice across the Mediterranean.

This is the first complete translation of the 'Templar of Tyre' into English.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146184 - c. �45.00 - October 2002 - c 180 pp.

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The articles here deal with liturgical music. Two topics receive special attention: the curiously negative role that musical instruments play in ancient cult music and the development of ecclesiastical song in early Christianity. The first series of articles treats classical Greek ethical notions of instruments, the status of instruments in Temple and Synagogue, and the absence of instruments from early Christian and medieval church music. The next parts trace the psalmody and hymnody of the Christian tradition, from its roots in Judaism to the origins of Gregorian chant in 7th-century Rome. Throughout, the writings of the Christian Church fathers such as Augustine, Ambrose, Basil and John Chrysostom underpin the author's analysis and presentation.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786889 - �55.00 - June 1998 - 314 pp.

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Quote to come from John Marenbon, Cambridge, UK

Modern scholarship has examined the life and works of Robert Grosseteste (ca. 1170-1253) mainly in a philosophical or episcopal context, yet Grosseteste wrote many treatises on pastoral theology, spent some years as a regent master in theology at the University of Oxford, and maintained interest in theological discourse throughout his time as bishop of Lincoln.

This book offers the first scholarly study of Grosseteste as theologian, taking accounted of the whole range of his theological writing both in published and unedited sources. Ginther's primary focus is on the writings from Grosseteste's regency period (ca. 1229-1235) when he: lectured on Genesis, the Psalms, Ecclesiasticus, Galatians and the Pauline epistles and produced his collection of Dicta; completed two major theological treatises (De cessatione legalium and De luce); and produced two major works of pastoral theology (speculum confessionis and De decen mandatis). Grosseteste's index of theological subjects (tabula distinctionum), which he used to organise the vast resources of Scripture and the Fathers, reveals Grosseteste's vision of the discipline as a whole. Ginther reveals the central focus of Grosseteste's theology as the person and work of Christ, with the person of Christ as the interpretive key by which humanity comes to see the Trinity in the created world and the means by which humanity may participate in the divine. That participation is part of Grosseteste's idea of the church, where Christ and Christians merge into the mystical unity, the Body of Christ. This ecclesiology is the theoretical context for the practice of caring for souls - something to which Grosseteste gave zealous attention.

Surveying some of the major doctrinal issues of the thirteenth century, this book offers a thorough introduction to the theology of the period, filling a gap that is greatly missed in presently published literature and offering an invaluable resource for those interested in scholastic theology, medieval studies, the history of biblical exegesis, and even the history of medieval science.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754616495 - c. �40.00 - June 2004 - c 240 pp.

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Martin Frobisher's third (1578) voyage to Baffin island was the consequence of flawed logic and excessive optimism on the part of the adventurers of the ephemeral 'Company of Cathay'. Their original intention - to find a north-western route to the Far East - had been largely forgotten following the imagined discovery of gold - and silver-bearing ore in Meta Incognita (the Unknown Limits), as Elizabeth I had named the forbidding and icy landscape which Frobisher and seventeen mariners had first sighted two years earlier. This was to be the English nation's first experience of a 'gold-rush', and if many refused to be swayed by the promise of an empire to rival that of Spain, others, including the Queen herself and many of her Privy Councillors, allowed their cupidity to override all caution.

As the likelihood of future profits was downgraded in successive assays of the mineral samples, the adventurers accepted that a much larger expedition would be required to extract sufficient ore to provide an adequate return upon monies already spent. The result - a fleet of fifteen ships, crewed by almost five hundred men - remains the largest fleet ever to have visited Baffin Island. Their travails in arctic seas, near-comic failures of navigation and the backbreaking task of mining the largest possible amount of mineral ore in the time allowed by the brief arctic summer, were recorded in an unsurpassed body of eyewitness reports, all of which, for the first time, have been assembled in a single volume.

Supplemented by extremely detailed and opprobrious (though substantially accurate) accusations regarding Frobisher's role in this enterprise by his ex-partner, the merchant Michael Lok, these records provide a graphic, poignant and often humorous picture of a voyage which foreshadowed the glorious failures of a later age of English empire-building.

- ISBN: 0904180697 - �45.00 - July 2001 - 268 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180026 - �30.00 - January 1982 - 392 pp.

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Much of the nineteenth-century British labour movement was characterised by impressive membership emblems. The lapel badge emerged towards the end of the century and signalled a further outward expression of self-worth, affording the trade union member a personal symbol of a collective identity.

This study of the history of the trade union badge provides an insight into the use and importance of visual symbolism in everyday life. It asserts the validity of such popular material culture as a lens through which to study underlying issues of identity and belonging, which are key themes in collecting. Whilst centred on the British trade union movement, the book draws substantially on Ireland, Australia and the USA for comparison, and to set the badge's importance in an international perspective.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754603245 - �45.00 - April 2002 - c 228 pp.

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The market town has been dismissed as an incompletely formed urban community; in fact it was the primary urban unit in pre-industrial England. This study places the market town at the centre of the transformation of early-modern England, both catalysing changes in agriculture and experiencing, in a distinctive fashion, the urbanisation that was to occur a century or more later in the great industrial and commercial centres of Europe.

In the two centuries after 1500 the rural economy changed from a pattern of subsistence to 'improved' farming. The first great enclosures took place during this time, but the economic base for this revolution was the growth of local trading, centred on markets and local communications networks. This redistribution of produce, provisions and information was the motor of specialisation and hence modernisation. The strength of this study is in its detailed research into this process in one representative locality, and the sensitive extrapolation of local experiences on to the national and European scale.

By integrating in one book the themes of rural transformation and early urbanisation this account of one typical midland market town demonstrates the continuing vigour of the discipline of local history.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280730 - �59.50 - December 1994 - 342 pp.

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This is the first fully annotated old-spelling edition of the entire text of the autograph English journal of Robert Bargrave (1628-61), recording his extensive travels as a merchant. This manuscript (now Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson C 799), describes four separate journeys made by Bargrave: his sea voyage from England to Constantinople; an arduous return journey overland from Constantinople to England, via Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Germany, and the Low Countries; extensive travels, for both commercial and cultural purposes, in Spain, Sicily, Italy and the Morea; and a return journey from Venice to Margate, via Trento, Innsbruck, and Augsburg, including his visit to Heidelberg where he met the exiled English royalist community at the court of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia.

The introduction to the edition gives detailed consideration to the political, religious, and personal affiliations of the Bargraves, a prominent Kentish family, with special reference to their experiences of overseas travel. While abroad, Robert also twice met up with his cousin, John Bargrave (c. 1610-80), the noted traveller and antiquarian. The introduction also provides an assessment of the historical, literary, and geographical importance of Robert Bargrave's journey; a survey of his extensive musical and dramatic interests; and the first detailed account of the provenances of both MS Rawlinson C 799 and now a lost earlier draft of this journal, identified here as the Eastry Court Manuscript. The edition includes seventeen illustrations, Bargrave family trees, and a selective bibliography of primary and secondary sources consulted.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180638 - �45.00 - October 1999 - 308 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180077 - �30.00 - January 1979 - 218 pp.

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Almost everything that is known of the life and personality of Ibn Battuta is derived from his own narrative of his travels. So wrote H. A. R. Gibb in his Foreword in 1957 at the start of this Hakluyt Society project. Now over forty years later, the completion has been achieved by the publication of the fifth volume, being an extensive index compiled by Professor Bivar, which covers all four previous volumes.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180670 - �25.00 - January 2001 - 164 pp.

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This volume completes the translation of Ibn Battuta's narrative. Volume III ended with Ibn Battuta's appointment by the Sultan of Delhi to accompany an embassy to China. In Volume IV he describes his journey to the coast where he embarked near Cambay and sailed to Calicut.

A further volume will comprise an essay on the authenticity and chronology of the travels, some additional notes, and an index to the whole work.

Hardback - ISBN: 0904180379 - �30.00 - January 1994 - 238 pp.

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The trussed roof first appeared in Britain during the seventeenth century when it was introduced by Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren. The form and structural behaviour of this roof type were in complete contrast to the traditional roof forms but successfully replaced them because it facilitated both the larger spans and the shallower pitches required by the new architectural styles. However, because they were largely hidden from view, these structures have received little attention from historians until now.

This book examines the introduction of trussed roofs into Britain, briefly looking at the roofing forms that they displaced, and follows their subsequent development during the eighteenth and up to the mid-nineteenth century. The book concludes with a description of the transition from timber to iron construction, completing the sequence of development by examing the truss forms that the new materials made possible. It contrasts this process of technological innovation with the earlier introduction of timber trusses.

The Trussed Roof examines the process of dissemination of structural ideas and considers the extent to which architects, designers and carpenters contributed to its development. It is a study of the history of a technology associated with architecture and the process of technological innovation.

The Trussed Roof is extensively illustrated and will be of great value to historians of architecture and technology and all the professions engaged in the conservation of buildings.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859678741 - �52.50 - November 1992 - 240 pages
100 b/w illus
234 x 156 mmpp.

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The Tudor Navy is a subject which is very unevenly known. The last significant general histories were written at the end of the last century. Since then much detailed research has been undertaken, particularly on the Armada, the end of Henry VIII's reign and the early Elizabethan period. As a result, it has been generally thought that the navy went through a series of booms and slumps during the sixteenth century. Further research on the intervening periods now presents a much more even picture of development, although the pace of advance was uneven. At the same time naval history has tended to be seen in isolation, presented by special naval experts. It is better understood as a part of the general administrative, political and above all financial history of the period. This book is designed to present a whole story, set in its proper contemporary context.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859679225 - �47.50 - November 1992 - 328 pages

pp.

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This book argues that in the work of trained historians, as well as amateurs, English local history is weakened by a pervasive antiquarianism: an obsession with detail as opposed to substance. It examines such antiquarianism and shows it to be educationally damaging and wasteful of resources. The author examines the development of the main concepts in local history, and shows the importance of comparative and regional study, pursued through an ongoing and developing debate. He condemns the use of local history merely as a 'quarry', and suggests that local residents, societies and followers of family history can be brought together in the study of a new form of people's history - one which reflects the life experiences of the people concerned, and only then moves back into other, less familiar periods.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282903 - �55.00 - February 1997 - 162 pp.

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The essays in this book are concerned with the intellectual development of the Spanish Empire in America from 1492 until Independence in the 1820s. The first section deals with the creation of a powerful language of natural law in the 16th and 17th centuries. The second explores the ways in which this was used to account for, and to deprecate, the cultures of the Native Americas. The final section traces the emergence of Enlightenment modes of approaching the subject of 'Others', both in Europe and the New World, and charts the emergence of a separate cultural identity among the creole population of the Americas.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860784614 - �62.50 - November 1994 - 298 pp.

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From the early Christian era and throughout the Middle Ages, theologians exerted considerable effort to achieve a synthesis bringing together Greek cosmology and the Creation story in Genesis. In the construction of the medieval Empyrean, the dwelling place of the Blessed, Aristotle's philosophy proved of critical importance. From the Renaissance on, largely in revolt against Aristotle, humanist Bible critics, Protestant reformers and astronomers set themselves to challenge the medieval synthesis. Especially effective in the ensuing dismantlement, from the 16th to 18th centuries, was the pagan concept of an infinite universe, resuscitated from Antiquity by the Italian philosophers Bruno and Patrizi. Indirectly inspired by the latter, the doctrines of the French pre-Enlightenment thinkers Descartes and Gassendi spread throughout Latin Catholic Europe in spite of considerable resistance. By the middle of the 18th century the Roman ecclesiastical authorities were brought to acknowledge an end to the medieval cosmos, allowing Catholics to teach the theory of heliocentrism.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146249 - �55.00 - May 1999 - 290 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0859672476 - �52.50 - January 1988 - 608 pp.

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'Comedy' and 'humour' are not words most associate with the Victorian period, yet one needs hardly look far to find a culture rife with laughter, irony, and with what Meredith and others called the 'comic spirit'. These 12 essays by noted international scholars of Victorian literature and culture reanimate that spirit by exploring humour in its social context.

While previous studies of humour in the period focus on the age's own ongoing interest in the old distinction in comic theory between wit and humour, this volume shows how inadequate this distinction is in accounting for the many types of Victorian comic representation. These essays turn from linguistic or psychological analyses of humour and turn instead toward the social production of humour and the complex cultural dynamics that underlie it. More than simply describing the multifarious faces of the Victorian comic spirit, in other words, these analyses also expose its polymorphously perverse intelligence. It is an intelligence that is self-conscious and ironical, critical and dangerous, exposing contradictions and fissures in dominant ideological discourses, unmasking their many hypocrisies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754600165 - �49.50 - March 2000 - 272 pp.

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This is the first study to bring together history, history of art, literature and anthropology to reconsider the complex subject of race and its relationship with Victorian culture. Representations of race in art and literature are analysed for what they reveal about constructions of 'other' races during the Victorian period. The book also considers the problem of British 'races' and the conflicting ideas of Anglo-Saxonism and Celticism in the 19th century.

The contributors seek not only to uncover the oppressions, misrepresentations and abuses of 'white' patriarchy, but also to examine the complexities of racial experience, including anti-racism and the relationships between feminism and colonialism. A number of theoretical and historical strategies are adopted and the book deals both with general considerations of imperialism, racial identity and Social Darwinism, and specific case studies of works by such writers as Dickens, Schreiner and Bulwer Lytton, and such artists as Mulready, Winterhalter and the Langham Place Group.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282687 - �52.50 - December 1996 - 272 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180166 - �110.00 - January 1984 - 1752 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0904180123 - �30.00 - January 1981 - 340 pp.

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The Waldenses, like the Franciscans, emerged from the apostolic movements within the Latin Church of the decades around 1200, but unlike the Franciscans they were driven underground. Not a full counter-Church, like the Cathar heretics, they formed a clandestine religious order, preaching to and hearing the confessions of their secret followers, and surviving until the Reformation. This volume begins by surveying modern historiography. Then, using both inquisition records from the Baltic to the Alps and the Waldenses' own books, the author deals with the asceticism of the Waldensian order, its practice of poverty and medicine, the culture of the Brothers and the preaching of the Waldensian Sisters, the way both used and mythicised history to support their position, and the composition of their followers. The final chapters examine their origins and authorship of the inquisitors' texts, and look through them to see how inquisitors viewed the Waldenses.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860787982 - �55.00 - March 2001 - 344 pp.

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This study of the cult and iconography of Byzantine warrior saints - George, Demetrius, the two Theodores, and dozens more - is at once encyclopaedic and interpretative. Christopher Walter delineates their origins and development as a distinctive category of saint, showing that in its definitive form this coincides with the apogee of the Byzantine empire in the 10th-11th centuries. Establishing a repertory of their commemorations in synaxaries and of their representations in art, he describes their iconographical types and the functions ascribed to them once enrolled in the celestial army, collaborating with the terrestrial army in its offensive campaigns, and gaining a new protective role when it was obliged to pass to the defensive. The survey highlights the lack of any real historical approach among the Byzantines to these saints' lives and their terrestrial careers. An epilogue treats the analogous traditions of warrior saints in the cultures of neighbouring societies.

Features the author would note are the development of an echelon of military saints, notably in church decoration, which provides the surest basis for defining their specificity; also that the depiction of these saints, besides representing them as young, handsome and robust, resorted to 'twinning' them in pairs, so calling attention to the camaraderie among soldiers. At the same time, this work opens a particular perspective on the military history of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine ideology of war is seen consistently to follow that of the Israelites; protected and favoured by divine intervention, there was no need to discuss the morality of a 'just war'; and when considering Byzantine methods of warfare, due attention must be given to the important role they attributed to celestial help in their campaigns.

Hardback - ISBN: 184014694X - c. �45.00 - September 2002 - c 320 pp.

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The Way We Lived Then is a detailed study of a nineteenth-century community. It is based on the life histories of all the inhabitants of the parish of Colyton in Devon, covering the period from 1851 to 1891. The book gives a brief history of Colyton, which was mentioned in the Domesday book, and which suffered raids by soldiers, house searches, looting and even executions during the Civil War and the Monmouth rebellion, events which strengthened the townspeople's leaning towards Protestantism.

The central section of the book is concerned with the lifestyle of the whole population from childhood to old age. Working childhoods, educational provision, pre-marital pregnancies, shifting populations and the care of the elderly are some of the issues dealt with. Finally the book covers community issues such as the relief of poverty, health care provision for the poor, and law and order.

General readers will delight in an account of the whole community of a market town. Jean Robin's research and insight combine into a narrative which is authoritative yet accessible, replacing Victorian stereotypes with human beings, connecting real people and local events with each other and with the changing world outside.

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Historians will value this detailed study of a nineteenth-century community for its integration of many sources and techniques. It is based on the life histories of all the inhabitants of Colyton in Devon, covering the period from 1851 to the end of the century. Its depth and complexity are unique - multi-record linkage reconstitutes family histories; archival research illuminates civil administration, welfare and education; electoral and land registers are used to reveal social structure; and newspaper and other minor sources complete a unique portrait of a world we had thought had been lost to experience. Jean Robin's research and insight combine into a narrative which is authoritative yet accessible, replacing Victorian stereotypes with human beings, connecting real people and local events with each other and with the changing world outside.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754600661 - �45.00 - March 2000 - 182 pp.

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This interdisciplinary study will reconstruct the intricate relationship that existed between word and image by an analysis of texts and paintings, focusing on the rhetorical artifices employed and the means used to construct complex allegories.

The analysis will show how, in various historical contexts, a species of 'multi-media spectacle' was created whose aim was to manipulate the reactions of the audience, although it will also become clear that these performances were intended to be read on different levels, one by the common people and the other by the elite.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754605515 - c. �49.95 - April 2003 - c 192 pp.

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Did the plans of medieval churches have any underlying symbolic meaning? This book re-opens the debate about the importance of geometry and symbolism in medieval architectural design, and argues the case for attributing an intellectual meaning to the planning of major abbeys and cathedrals. In challenging prevailing claims for the use of arithmetical ratios in architectural design, notably those based on the square root of two, Dr Hiscock advances a new perspective consisting of proportions derived from the figures of Platonic geometry - the square, the equilateral triangle, and the pentagon - and provides compelling evidence for the symbolic interpretation of these figures. The investigation further reveals whole series of geometric relationships between some of England's most celebrated Norman cathedrals, such as Norwich or Durham, together with a wide sample from the Continent, from Old St Peter's in Rome to Chartres Cathedral, and sets out a comprehensive design method in each case.

Hiscock first demonstrates the proposition that the ideas of Christian Platonism, including number and geometry, remained current and were employed in the thought of the early Middle Ages. In particular, he argues that they can be associated with the leading persons in the 10th-century revival of monasticism and that they found expression in the 'white mantle of churches' that spread across Western Europe at the end of the first millennium AD. The book then provides a detailed analysis of the geometric proportions of church plans between the 9th and the 12th centuries, in Germany, France and in England. This research demonstrates that a coherent sequence of geometric forms can be seen in these plans, forms which correspond to the key figures of Platonic geometry as understood in the context of Christian Platonist thought. In conclusion, the author shows how the system of design proposed could be set out on site using the known working methods of medieval masons.

Published with the assistance of the Getty Grant Foundation

Hardback - ISBN: 184014632X - �55.00 - June 2000 - 464 pp.

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Charles Keene was one of a small group of mid-Victorian draughtsmen, among them John Tenniel and George du Maurier, who was responsible for greatly improving the quality of British illustration during the 1860s and 1870s. untrained, but with a Pre-Raphaelite devotion to studying from nature, Keene became the strongest black and white artist of his time, contributing not only to Punch, but to many of the other periodicals of the day such as Once a Week. Keene obtained an international reputation and was widely admired in America and Europe. The American artist James McNeil Whistler described Keene as 'the greatest artist since Hogarth'. Edgar Degas owned his books and Camille Pissarro recommended him to his son Lucien.

This book, which is the first to be written about Keene for nearly 50 years, deals with his relationship with other artists and with his gradual approach to the mastery of the ink line. It also attempts to set Keene in his proper context as a serious as well as a humorous artist and as a Victorian man of stature.

Hardback - ISBN: 0859679861 - �45.00 - December 1995 - 128 pages
pp.

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Five hundred years after the death in Florence of the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola, this volume of essays reassesses his impact on the politics and culture of the Italian states both during the friar's public career and in the broader context of the invasion and occupation of those states by non-Italian powers. Savonarola was a pivotal figure in the political life of Florence, in addition to which his career opens up the exploration of Renaissance spirituality, prophecy and ecclesiastical reform. His legacy is also traced through the art of High Renaissance Rome, Counter-Reformation music and the index of prohibited books.

Alison Brown, Iain Fenlon, Michael Mallett, Lauro Martines, Loren Partridge and Nicolai Rubinstein are among the contributors to this interdisciplinary collection.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602508 - �47.50 - December 2000 - 276 pp.

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Each volume in this new series is a collection of seminal articles on a theme of central importance in the study of transport history, selected from the leading journal in the field. Each contains between ten and a dozen articles selected by a distinguished scholar, as well as an authoritative new introduction by the volume editor. Individually they will form an essential foundation to the study of the history of a mode of transport; together they will make an incomparable librarty of the best modern research in the field.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859283470 - �45.00 - December 1997 - 206 pp.

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The proliferation of literature on the various forms of human exploitation before the nineteenth century provides the raison d'etre for this seminal collection of essays. The ideological foundations upon which systems of coerced labour were constructed are discussed, and then placed into context by examinations of unfree labour in Europe and the colonies. Attention is also paid to the ways in which the oppressed created their cultural space, and challenged those who held them in servitude.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785157 - �77.50 - December 1998 - 426 pp.

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In the eighteenth century homosexuality became an issue, especially in London with its fast growing population. No one dared to say publicly that it should be tolerated, yet the reactions of men and women to the homosexuals in their midst were varied and complex. Moving from the Old Bailey to the court of King's Bench, the author discusses the anomalies, inconsistencies and miscarriages of justice that arose as our ancestors decided what to do with defendants accused of the so-called 'worst of crimes.' By studying original trial documents and other manuscript sources Netta Murray Goldsmith has discovered hitherto unsuspected facts about some cases, including one important instance in which a prosecutor, aided by members of the judiciary, was able to pervert the course of justice. She also shows a how reactivated Sodomy law put all eighteenth-century male homosexuals in fear and suggests it led to a distorted concept of masculinity.

Hardback - ISBN: 1840146311 - �49.95 - December 1998 - 232 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0704505134 - �37.50 - January 1986 - 220 pp.

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This second volume of essays by Professor Kelley takes the study of history as its starting point, then extends explorations into adjacent fields of legal, political, and social thought to confront some of the larger questions of the modern human sciences. The first group of papers examine the historiography of the Protestant Reformation and then of the Romantic and Victorian periods; the last section focuses on the legal tradition and its interpretation in relation to social and cultural, as well as historical thought, in the period from the Renaissance to the French Revolution. Throughout, the author's interest is to analyse how people at different times have viewed their past - and reconstructed and utilised it in the service of their present concerns.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786390 - �65.00 - June 1997 - 360 pp.

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Their Fair Share identifies and contextualises many previously unknown critical writings by a selection of well-known turn-of-the-century women. It reveals the networks behind an influential journal like the Athenaeum and presents a more shaded assessment of its position in the field of cultural production, in the period 1870-1920.

The Athenaeum (1828-1921) has often been presented as a monolithic institution offering its readers a fairly conservative, male oriented appreciation of a wide variety of contemporary publications. On the basis of archival and biographical material this book presents an entirely new analysis of the reviewing policy of this weekly from 1870, when it came into the hands of the politician Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, up to and including 1919-1920 when John Middleton Murry became its editor. Dilke, and his editor Norman MacColl, are here revealed to have been committed feminists who enlisted some of the most influential women of their time as critics for their journal. The book looks more specifically at the contributions by, a.o., Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Emilia Dilke, Jane Harrison and Augusta Webster.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754601188 - �45.00 - May 2000 - 176 pp.

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Chris Schabel presents a detailed analysis of the radical solution given by the Franciscan Peter Auriol to the problem of reconciling divine foreknowledge with the contingency of the future, and of contemporary reactions to it. Auriol's solution appeared to many of his contemporaries to deny God's knowledge of the future altogether, and so it provoked intense and long-lasting controversy; Schabel is the first to examine in detail the philosophical and theological background to Auriol's discussion, and to provide a full analysis of Auriol's own writings on the question and the immediate reactions to them.

This book sheds new light both on one of the central philosophical debates of the Middle Ages, and on theology and philosophy at the University of Paris in the first half of the 14th century, a period of Parisian intellectual life which has been largely neglected until now.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754602044 - �50.00 - December 2000 - 382 pp.

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Few works exist on Byzantine literature as literature and still fewer studies of individual texts. This reading of the letter-collection (c.1090-c.1110) of Theophylact of Ochrid employs a variety of approaches to characterise a work which is both a literary artefact in a long Greek tradition and the only trace of a complex network of friends, colleagues, patrons and clients within Byzantine Bulgaria and also within the empire as a whole.
These letters are of great importance from the point of view of local economic or ecclesiastical history, relations with the Slavs, the arrival of the First Crusade, but have not hitherto been studied as an example of Byzantine letter writing. This was a genre taken seriously by Byzantines, offering us unique insight into the mentality of the Byzantine elite, but also into what the Byzantines regarded as literature.
This book is important as an attempt to raise the status of the study of Byzantine literature, and of letters within that literature. It is a first attempt to place an epistolary text in a succession of literary and historical contexts; its aim, too, is to probe the reliability of any rhetorical text for straightforward biography especially at the time of the revival fiction in Byzantium. At the heart of the book is an analysis of the personal network of Theophylact, as presented in the collection, with further methodological discussion of network analysis in medieval texts.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785491 - �55.00 - October 1997 - 462 pp.

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Theories of Empire, 1450-1800 draws upon published and unpublished work by leading scholars in the history of European expansion and the history of political thought. It covers the whole span of imperial theories from ancient Rome to the American founding, and includes a series of essays which address the theoretical underpinnings of the Spanish, Portuguese, French, British and Dutch empires in both the Americas and in Asia. The volume is unprecedented in its attention to the wider intellectual contexts within which those empires were situated - particularly the discourses of universal monarchy, millenarianism, mercantalism, and federalism - and in its mapping of the shift from Roman conceptions of imperium to the modern idea of imperialism.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785165 - �75.00 - April 1998 - 422 pp.

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This volume opens with two pieces, hitherto unpublished, in which Professor Malkiel sets out his views on Romance etymology and its history. He provides a detailed analysis of the principles, even prejudices, whether explicit or implicit, which have directed scholars in their enquiries, and argues that the goal should be a discipline integrated with others in related fields, and avoiding reliance on any one method of research. He insists, moreover, that linguistic variation is directly affected by social and cultural factors: the transformation of Latin into the Romance languages must be studied in relation to the break-up of the Roman world and the formation of the medieval and modern peoples of 'Latin' Europe. The following articles, now with an extensive additional commentary, reflect the author's move towards a more experimental etymology, and provide case-studies of particular words and word-complexes and their historical and cultural context. As an example, one article asks whether it is any coincidence that the Spanish word for a hog, marrano, was also used of the crypto-Jews who, though formally converted to Christianity, kept up some Jewish practices.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782360 - �72.50 - January 1989 - 348 pp.

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Given the progress made in recent years in recovering the writings of early modern women, one might expect that a complete set of the important works of Mary Astell (1666-1731) would have been reissued long before now. Instead, only portions of the thought of the "First English Feminist" have reached a wide academic audience.

This volume presents a critical and annotated edition of the correspondence between Astell and John Norris of Bemerton (1657-1711), Letters Concerning the Love of God (1695), which was published in three separate editions during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This work had profound significance in eighteenth-century intellectual and religious circles, and represents some of Astell's most important philosophical and theological thought. It also forms the background to Astell's later work The Christian Religion as Profess'd by a Daughter of the Church of England (1705)-which includes, in the midst of her devotional statement, a biting, ironic attack on the politics, theology and philosophy of a prominent Enlightenment figure, John Locke.

Theosophical Writings of Mary Astell and John Norris includes, as contextual material, Astell's own appendix to the third edition of Christian Religion (1730), and Norris's Cursory Reflections upon a Book Call'd, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), the first published philosophical response to Locke's "new way of ideas." These texts serve to place both Letters and its authors in the contentious philosophical-theological climate to which they belonged, one wherein, most significantly, Locke's present-day preeminence had yet to be realized.

The editors' extensive introduction to this volume not only provides background on the historical and biographical elements, but also elucidates philosophical and theological concepts that are perhaps unfamiliar to modern readers.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754605868 - c. �45.00 - January 2003 - pp.

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In these articles Professor Brooke has aimed to expose and explore the many layers of philosophical debate that accompanied the development of chemistry in the 100 years from Priestley to Kekul�. During this period the foundations of our modern science were laid: Lavosier's 'chemical revolution', Dalton's atomic theory, the electrochemical concepts of Berzelius transformed the science, as did new ideas of valency and molecular structure. But it was also a period of intense controversy when chemists called each other brigands and assassins.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860784649 - �61.50 - October 1995 - 302 pp.

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Aside from the extraordinary historical significance of his theology - and not merely for the Roman Catholic tradition - Aquinas' work has become highly influential in contemporary doctrinal theology and theological ethics.

Thomas Aquinas presents a comprehensive new study of the life, writings, theology and philosophy of this influential theologian. Treating Thomas primarily as a theologian who, when he made use of philosophical concepts did so in order to do theology as an ecclesial discipline, Healy's exposition of the full range of Thomas' works shows how he can still make a valuable contribution to contemporary theological debate. Thomas' ontology, anthropology, conception of the church, human action, and the sacraments, as well as method, are examined in depth.

Presenting a fresh explication of Thomas' theology and discussing his work in relation to contemporary theological questions and concerns, this book offers a significant contribution to contemporary theology and philosophy.

Nicholas M. Healy is Associate Professor of Theology and Religious Studies, St John's University, USA

Paperback - ISBN: 0754614727 - c. �18.99 - February 2003 - c 240 pp.

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Aside from the extraordinary historical significance of his theology - and not merely for the Roman Catholic tradition - Aquinas' work has become highly influential in contemporary doctrinal theology and theological ethics.

Thomas Aquinas presents a comprehensive new study of the life, writings, theology and philosophy of this influential theologian. Treating Thomas primarily as a theologian who, when he made use of philosophical concepts did so in order to do theology as an ecclesial discipline, Healy's exposition of the full range of Thomas' works shows how he can still make a valuable contribution to contemporary theological debate. Thomas' ontology, anthropology, conception of the church, human action, and the sacraments, as well as method, are examined in depth.

Presenting a fresh explication of Thomas' theology and discussing his work in relation to contemporary theological questions and concerns, this book offers a significant contribution to contemporary theology and philosophy.

Nicholas M. Healy is Associate Professor of Theology and Religious Studies, St John's University, USA

Hardback - ISBN: 0754614719 - c. �50.00 - February 2003 - c 240 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0860781380 - �72.50 - January 1984 - 334 pp.

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This is the definitive textual analysis of all of Hardy's collected short stories, tracing the development of each from manuscript, through newspaper serial versions, galley proofs and revises to collected editions in volume form.

It is no surprise to discover that Hardy's capacity for inveterate revision is manifested in his tales as it was in his novels. Even those stories for which he professed little regard were meticulously and continuously revised, in some cases more than thirty years after their first publication. The alterations extend to the most minute details of plot, landscape, characterisation and style, as well as the restoration of bowdlerised passages which had been demanded by serial magazines.

This study will play a major role in elevating the importance of this genre in Hardy's prolific output and will illuminate his textual practices - an area of considerable and growing interest to a large number of scholars and students.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282024 - �52.50 - October 1997 - 374 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 1840142359 - c. �49.50 - December 2002 - c 260 pp.

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Bringing methods of analysis and values of historical inquiry from the history of science to literature, Pamela Gossin - for the first time - focuses critical attention on astronomy in the writings of Thomas Hardy, which themselves display the deep integration of historical, scientific and literary materials and concerns.

Gossin first situates Hardy's personal synthesis of astronomy and cosmology within a survey of the tradition of astronomy in literary history from the ancient world through the Victorian era. She then provides an overview of Victorian observational and theoretical astronomy, cosmology and early astrophysics, including a discussion of how and what Hardy knew of these developments and discoveries. She goes on to give new close readings of both major and minor novels against the background of Hardy's knowledge and use of popular contemporary astronomy and astrophysics, looking at these seven works: A Pair of Blue Eyes, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, Two on a Tower, The Woodlanders, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.

Paying special attention to narrative structure, scene setting, plot devices and characterization (including gender issues), Gossin analyzes the multiple levels of astronomical allusions that Hardy incorporates into each text. In unexpected and sophisticated ways, reading Hardy's astronomy enriches Darwinian and feminist perspectives, extends formalist evaluations of Hardy's achievement as a writer, and provides fresh or alternative interpretations of enigmatic passages and scenes.

Finally, Gossin takes a new look at female characters who are primary bearers of the astronomical and cosmological message of Hardy's fiction, and suggests broader social and cultural context for how Hardy interrelates issues of gender and astronomy in his writing.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754603369 - c. �45.00 - April 2003 - c 228 pp.

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This volume assembles ten studies of the life and work of Thomas Harriot (1560-1621). These are based on lectures that have been given annually at Oriel College, Oxford since 1990, by such authorities as Hugh Trevor Roper, David Quinn and John D. North. An astronomer and mathematician whose activities embraced not only science but also philosophical debate and an engagement in the early exploration of America, Harriot occupied a prominent place in intellectual and public life. He was well read in the contemporary literature of science, and his writings on algebra, his correspondence, and his early observations with the telescope, undertaken at the same time as Galileo's, brought him to the attention of leading men of science both in Britain and abroad. Recent scholarship has enhanced historians' appreciation of Harriot's achievements and of the scientific context and social milieu in which he worked, a milieu distinguished by his friendship with Walter Ralegh and the Ninth Earl of Northumberland (the 'Wizard Earl' whose association with the Gunpowder Plot led to many years of imprisonment in the Tower). The contributions to Thomas Harriot. An Elizabethan man of science shed new light on all the main aspects of Harriot's life and stand as an important contribution to the re-evaluation of one of the most gifted and intriguing figures in early modern British science.

Hardback - ISBN: 0754600785 - �49.50 - November 2000 - 330 pp.

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Thomas James Wise and the Trial Book Fallacy is a new and hitherto unexplored chapter in the story of the notorious 19th-century pamphlet forgers which looks at a later and less criminal type of fake, the trial book. Wise coined the term in 1896 to describe early 'issues' of Tennyson's Idylls of the King. these trial books were usually genuine proofsheets corrected by the author, bound by Wise (often aided by Forman), stamped on the spine with a pre-first edition date, then marketed as a rare, privately printed first edition - 'the true princeps' - ultimately designated by the author to serve as printers' copy for the 'next' edition, i.e. the real first edition.

Acquiring and exploiting proofsheets in this manner, the forgers increased their own libraries, devalued the genuine first editions of rivals and practised a sort of bogus alchemy which metamorphosed these 'chips of the workshop', as Tennyson called them, into thousands of pounds. Wise loved to describe a trial book as 'one of the impossibles': an earlier, rarer state of the text existing in only 2 or 3 copies. His preferred authors in this field, Alfred and Frederick Tennyson, D.G. Rossetti, R. L Stevenson, Joseph Conrad and G.B. Shaw, all revised extensively on proof-sheets right up to press-time.

Drawing on previously unpublished material, this book sheds new light on the activities of one of the best-known late Victorians who perpetrated on e of the greatest frauds in the history of book collecting.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859280366 - �55.00 - January 1995 - 264 pp.

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In the 25 years since the last edition of Thornton and Tully's Scientific Books, Libraries and Collectors was published, scientific publishing has mushroomed, developed new forms, and the academic discipline and popular appreciation of the history of science have grown apace. This fourth edition discusses these changes and ponders the implications of developments in publishing at the end of the twentieth century, while concentrating its gaze upon the dissemination of scientific ideas and knowledge from Antiquity to the industrial age. In this shift of focus it departs from previous editions, and for the first time a chapter on Islamic science is included.

Recurrent themes in several of the ten essays in the present volume are the definition of 'science' itself, and its transmutation by publishing media and the social context. Two essays on the collecting of scientific books provide a counterpoint, and the book is grounded on a rigorous chapter on bibliographies. The timely publication of Scientific Books, Libraries and Collectors comes at the coincidence of the advent of electronic publishing and the millennium, a dramatic moment at which to take stock.

Hardback - ISBN: 1859282334 - �80.00 - March 2000 - 418 pp.

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This book is the standard work on the production, distribution and storage of medical literature from the earliest times. This third edition, edited by Alain Besson, is in keeping with the author's original intention and retains the basic structure of the first two editions. A new team of contributors have each provided chapters on their specialized subject to ensure a wide-ranging but detailed study. The opening chapter 'Medical Books before the Invention of Printing' now focuses on the production and transmission of medical manuscripts in the West, instead of giving a shallow treatment to the entire field of manuscript studies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0566054817 - �65.00 - January 1990 - 440 pp.

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Professor de Rijk's interest here is in the views on reality put forward by the medieval thinkers from Boethius to William of Ockham, but especially in the 12th-14th centuries, the period from Abelard onwards.Theology was naturally a key influence, but sematic theories - the philosophical theories on how terms signify, or how a name has its meaning and how this is affected by its context - were fundamental as the starting point of ontological speculation. The categories formulated in order to differentiate various types of context and their impact on the semantics of the verb esse, 'to be', and its related forms. De Rijk's aim is to understand how these medieval thinkers interpreted reality according to their own semantic views, and to see how their own particular concerns - for instance William of Ockham's application of the 'principle of parsimony' to ontology - shaped the nature of their thought.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860782506 - �70.00 - September 1989 - 334 pp.

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The papers in this volume derive from the 29th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. This was held for the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies in the University of London in March 1995, in order to complement the British Museum exhibition 'Byzantium. Treasures of Byzantine Art and Culture'.

The objective of the symposium was to explore the ways in which British scholars, travellers, novelists, architects, churchmen and critics came into contact with Byzantium, and how they perceived what they saw. The present volume sets out some of the results of this enquiry. Byzantium is treated both as a source of influence on British culture as well as an 'idea' which British culture constructed in different ways in different periods of history. To give some comparative context, attention is also paid to attitudes towards Byzantium in continental Europe.

Papers deal, amongst other topics, with the collecting of objects representative of Byzantine culture and with the changing appreciation of Byzantine manuscripts. They also include a series of case studies of individual historians and Byzantinists, and two deal in particular with Ruskin, who emerges as a perceptive 19th-century critic of Byzantine culture.

Through the Looking Glass is volume 7 in the series published by Ashgate/Variorum on behalf of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860786676 - �47.50 - April 2000 - 270 pp.

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Hardback - ISBN: 0521200792 - �30.00 - January 1973 - 274 pp.

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This is the first of three volumes selected from the papers of Jacob M. Price. Focusing on the Atlantic tobacco trade in the 18th century, these studies illustrate the complex business history of this commercial enterprise and demonstrate its key importance in shaping economic relationships between Britain and the emerging American economy. Detailed studies of individual firms such as Buchanan & Simson and Joshua Johnson are well-known as classics of 18th-century business history, and these studies are placed in broader context by Price's seminal characterisations of the scale and structure of the Chesapeake trade. A previously unpublished paper offers a recent perspective on the market structure of the colonial Chesapeake, the role of the slave economy, and a critique of received historiography.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860785483 - �60.00 - November 1995 - 330 pp.

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Many European towns have experienced loss of population, degradation of physical structure and profound economic change at least once since the height of the Roman Empire. This volume is an examination of the various causes of these changes, the results which flowed from them and the reasons why some urban centres survived, revived and eventually flourished again while others failed and died.

The contributors bring to bear the techniques of history and archaeology, the perspectives of economics, agronomy, medicine, architecture and planning, geography and law, to the study. The result is a synthesis which connects the Decline of the Roman Empire to the effects of the Black Death and the economic transformation of Renaissance Florence.

Hardback - ISBN: 075460084X - �50.00 - June 2000 - 338 pp.

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This is a close and coherent examination of the evolution and transformation of towns between AD 300 and 900 within the borders of the old Roman Empire.

The so-called 'Dark Ages' have often been represented, wrongly, as a period of general decay. In fact, as the archaeological studies reviewed in this book show, many of the towns of the Empire survived and developed, even though the Roman character of the centres was lost or transformed. Urban development in this period is one area in which archaeology can inform and transform historical thinking, supplying as it does a new body of evidence to help fill the void in knowledge caused by the frustrating lack of documentary sources for the period after the fall of the Empire.

Among the important questions addressed are: To what extent were urban structures such as roads, walls and drains maintained? What was the role of the Church in preserving and developing the urban fabric? Do patterns of survival reflect the depth of adoption of Roman culture?

The studies in this volume are based on new archaeological data and provide a full and convincing reassessment of the old image of urban decay and the impact of incoming Barbarians and Arabs on towns. The broad geographical range of towns studied, and the informed and authoritative interpretations offered in this volume, will be invaluable to scholars seeking to understand this complex, intriguing and misunderstood period of history.

ALSO OF INTEREST:
Verholst (Variorum)
Bachrach (first volume)
Michael Thompson: The Medieval Hall: The Basis of Secular Domestic Life, 600-1600
Richard Rodger: A Consolidated Bibliography of Urban History

Hardback - ISBN: 1859281079 - �52.50 - March 1996 - 330 pp.

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During the eighteenth century the British presence in India changed dramatically. Trading enclaves on the coast conquered major provinces and for the first time large sections of the Indian population came under British rule. The essays in this volume focus on this great transformation and offer new interpretations of it. They explore the link between commercial expansion and military conquest, between the policies of the East India Company and the personal interests of its servants, and between Englishmen and the Indians who did business with them or offered their services as administrators. Bengal was the first great prize of British territorial expansion, and Bengal and Calcutta feature prominently in this collection.

La pr�sence britannique en Inde s'est dramatiquement transform�e au cours du 18e si�cle, les enclaves commerciales des r�gions c�ti�res ont conquis un nombre de provinces majeures et, pour la premi�re fois, d'importantes sections de la population indienne se sont retrouv�es sous l'�gide britannique. Les essais contenus dans ce volume se concentrent sur cette transformation et en proposent de nouvelles interpr�tations. Les rapports entre l'expansion commerciale et la conqu�te militaire, entre la politique de la Compagnie de l'Inde Orientale et les int�r�ts personnels de ses serviteurs, ainsi que ceux existant entre les Anglais et les Indiens, qui faisaient affaire avec eux, ou leur offraient leurs services en tant qu'administrateurs, y sont tour � tour explor�s. Le Bengale a �t� le premier grand prix de l'expansion territoriale britannique et, avec Calcutta, est un des th�mes pr�dominant cette collection.

Hardback - ISBN: 0860783731 - �62.50 - June 1993 - 288 pp.

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2003 | Earlier publications: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |

February 2004