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Βίλχελμ Ράϊχ - Η μαζική ψυχολογία του φασισμού (Πολιτικό Καφενείο)

H MAZIK!HI IIIYXQAOrIIA, I!

DIV CDA:E:II::EMOV

WILHELM
Massenpsychologie des Faschismus

REICH

Copyright:

na

H MAZIKH

lJIYXOAOfIA

-rliv €AA11v1Kli YAro<rcra eK06cr&l~ M 1t 0 u K 0 u P u v 11 1974

TOY <I>A~I~MOY

:E-rOlX&109&'tij9I]K&xui 'tt)1troOI]K&a'tfjv 'A9Dva 'to :E!:1t'tEJ.!(3PIO 'tou 1975 oro epyocr'tucrLO rpacplKrov T&xvrov 0. MITAAATdH:E Kai Yio~ O.E., (Bt)~av1:iot) 1E N. 'Irovia, 'tI]A. 2797039) YHl AoyaptaaJ.!o 1:rov eK06a&rov M110YKOYMANH (Mat)Po~lIXUAI] 1, 'A9ijva, 1:1]1.,.618502 _ 606313),

dt6pGroal]: Xptor ivn na't~6YAot) :Extllto e1;rocpuAAot): AiKa Il>Aropot)

« B 0 U k 0 U man is» Publications, 1, Mavrom'chah St. Athens 143, Greece _Tel. 618.502 _ 606313.

EKt\O~EI~ MllOYKOYMANH - A0HNA

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VII.

H rENETill:IA OIKONOMIA l:TON An~NA ENANTION TOY MYl:TIKIl:MOY 1. Tu Tpiu iJU(HKa mOlXElU TOU 0pl1ffimUTlKOu UlO"OtjpUTO<;; 2. To pii;oopu Tl1<;;0Pl1mcElU<;; uno YEVETtj(HO ayxo<;; 3. YYltj<;; KUl VEUPOOTlKtj umonEnoiOl1(jl1

193 194 202 219 222 222 223 230 232 236 256 263 266 275 283 297 310 317 331 342 350 350 EPrAI:IA 377 378 381

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•••••

9

EtO'ayco'}'uco O'TJJ.leicoJ.la. npOAOY0<; O''tliv 'tpi't1l OlOPOco).ltVTJ Kal t1ta~ll).ltVTJ I. °H I.:\EOAOrIA m: YAIKH ':\YNAMH ••••• ~KOOO'll.

13 19
41 41 48 58 64 OMA74 74 77 81 89 105 'tci!;ll<; 110 119 119 123 125 144 TIn: 150 162 162 168 176

1. eH olciO"taO'TJ . . • • . . • . . . • . 2. Ol!cOVOJ.llKTt Kat iOSOAo'(lK" 00J.l" 'ti\<; YSPJ.laVlKi\<; lColvcovia<; 1928 - 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..• 4. °H KOlVCOVlx:Tt ASl'tOUPyfa ti\<; ysvsti)O'la<; Kata1tisO'TJ<; II. H AYTAPXIKH I.:\EOAOrIA TIn: OIKOrENEIAl: ':\IK.H 'l'YXOAOnA TOY 4lAI:Il:MOY 1. 4l6psp 3. I:tOlxs1a 2. °H KataYOY)'t), 'toO Xiti.Ep 4. OiKoysvslaK" I:THN

VIII. MEPIKA ZHTHMATA Till: rENETill:IAl: OIKONOMIAI: 1. Ekoopiu KUlnpa~l1 2. 0 uyrovu<;; EVUVTiov TOU pU(jTlKlO"pOU 00<;; U a1'jpEPU T 3. H EPOOTlKtj EUOUlpoviu EVaVTlU oro pU(jTlKl(jPO 4. To UTOplKO ~Epii;oopu TOU 0Pl1mcEUTlKOU Ul(jOtjpUTO<;; 5. AVTlpptj(jEl<;; KUll1npa~l1 Tl1<;; Evntj(Hu<;; oucovouu«; Y 6. 0 unoAlTlKO<;; avOpoono<;; IX. MAZA KAI KPATOl: 1. 1936. Nc AEYOVTUlUAtjOElE<;;- una noo<;;KUlnoTE; 2. «Tt (jUpiJUiVEl pE Tl1 pai;u TOOVuVOpronoov;» 3. 0 noOo<;; yta TO (jO(HUAl(jPO 4. H «unovEKpOOGfl TOU KpaTou<;;» 5. To npoypuppu TOU KKI:E 6. H «ElO"Uyooytj TfI<;;(jOiJlETlKtj<;; 0l1pOKpuTiu<;;» 7. H E~EAl~l1 TOU umuPXlKoU KPUTlKOU Pl1XUVlO"POU uno OpOOAOYlKE<;; OlVOOVlKE<;; K axE(jEt<;; 8. H KOlVOOVlKtjAElTOUpyiu TOU KPUTlKOU KU1tlTUAlO"POU X. BIOKOINnNIKEl: AEITOYPrIEl: Till: EPrAI:IAI: 1. To npoiJAl1pu TfI<;;«UUOOPPl1Tf1<;;EPYUTlKtj<;;nElOupxiu<;;» XI. Anl:TE YIIEY0YNOTHTA l:TH ZnTIKAANArKAIA 1. Ti ElVUll1 «EPYOOl1pOKpuTiu»; 2. Ti ElVUl KULVOUPYW(jTflv EPYOOl1pOKpuTiu; XII.

Kal OJ.laOlK" 00J.l" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • .....•..••....... toO J.llKpoaO"tlO'J.lOO • YUl 't"v oJ.laOlKt) 'llUxoA.orfa

1tpoO'i)A.cooll Kal t9VlKO CPPovllJ.la . .

5. °H t9VlKOO'OO'laA.lO'tlx:Tt aiYto1ts1toi91l0'1l 6. °0 t!;aO'tlO'J.lo<; 'ti\<; BlOJ.lllXaVlKf\<; fpyatlKi\<; III. H 4lYAETIKH 0EnPIA ••.•....•.

2. 'Av-rlKSlJ.lSVlx:Tt Kal t1tOK8lPSVlx:Tt i.El'tOUPyi« 'toO cpaO'lO'J.lOO 3. 4lU1.SttK" ayvotllta, IV. 0 I:YMBOAIl:MOL ollAll't1lpiaO'1l toO aipato<; TOY ArKYMlTOY Kal J.lOOtlKlO'J.lO<; • I:TAYPOY

V. 01 rENETHtIO·OIKONOMIKEL AYTAPXIK.m: OIKOrENEIAl:

nPO<y<n00ELEIL •••••••••.

VI. 0 OprANnMENOI: MY:ETIK.Il:MOI: m: AIE0NIKH ANTIA4lPO.:\II:IAKH OprANm:H ••••••••••••• 1. To fvolacp&pOV yui 't"v fKKA.l1O'La . • • • • • • • • . • 2. '0, ayci>va<; fvavtiov 3. To fySpti)PlO tou 'toO «1tOAl'tlO''tlKOO J.l1tOMSj3lKlO'J.lOO» J.lOOtlKlO'tlKOO at0'9ftJ.lato<; ••••.

TO BIOAOrIKO YIIOAOrIl:TIKO AA00l: l:TON ArnNA rIA THN AIIEAEY0EPnl:H TOY AN0pnIIOY 1. To EVOta<pEPOV pu<;; YlU pta unEAEuOEpOOTlKtj UVa1tT1J~l1 2. BWAOYlKtj UPTflPwmcAtjpOO(jl1, uVlKUVOTl1TU yta EAEUOEpiu, KUl Pl1xuvlKtj umuPXlKtj UVTiAl1'1'l1 TfI<;;i;ootj<;; 3. To onAo(jTa(HO TfI<;;UVOpro1tlVl1<;;EAEUOEpiu<;;

384 384 .401 417 433 433 435 .445 448 .458

4. '0 O'K01tO<;f\<; 1tOAltlO'tlKf\<; f1tavciO"taO'l1<;O'tO qKi)<; 'ti\<; cpaO'lO''tlKf\<; t clv-riopaO'1l<; •...•.•....•.......••..• 188

XIII. rIA TH I]>Yl:IKH EPrOAHMOKPATIA 1. 'EPEUVE<;;yta Tt<;;q>U(HKE<;; KOlVOOVlKE<;; ouvapEl<;; zrou Ou unEpvlKtj(jOUV TfI (jUVUlO"0l1pUTlKtj nuvouKAu 2. Epyu(jiu (jE uVTiOEGl1npo<;; Tflv nOAlTlKtj 3. l:l1pElOO(jl1 yta Tflv EpnpaypuTl1 KPlTlKtj KUl Tflv nupaAoYl1 4. H Epyu(jiu ElVUl EnOYl1 uno Tflv iOta Tl1v ouoiu Tl1<;; 5. H i;OOTlKa uvuYKuiu KUll1 anl1 Epyu(jiu

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'H SPyoOTlIlolCpa'tia oEv elvct tosoAoytICO, oiirs ICai «1tOAt'ttICC»)crocr'tTJl1a, 1tOD 9a unoponcs v« t1tt~ATJ9si cr'tiJv av9po)1ttvTJ xowevtc l1E 'tiJv 1tpo1tayuvoa evo~ ICol1l1a'to~, EVO~ 1tOAt'ttIColJ itys'tTJ, t'J l1ta~ ol1uoa~ OUVOSl1SVTJ~ ICOtViJ l1E tOsoAoyia. 'EpyooTJl1oICpa'tia dvat it oM'tTJ'ta 'trov ~tOASt'toupytrov, ICu~sPVTJl1svTJ 1to 'ti~ EAAoys~ otav9pro1ttvs~ crxscrSt~, 1tOD a ysvvil9TJICav, ava1t'tux'tTJICav ICai t~sAiX'tTJICav <pucrtICaICat opyavtICU. To KatvOupytO xapaIC'tTJPtcr'ttICo 'tfl~ tpyooTJl1oICpa'tia~ dVat, o'tt y1<l 1tpro'tTJ <popa cr'tiJv Icroptc 'tfl~ KOtvrovtOAoyia~, it l1SAAov'ttKiJ PU911tcr'ttKiJ MJYafJ'YJ 'tfl~ uv9pro1ttvTJ~ xowevtcc oE 9a 1tapuys'tat a1to tosoAoyis~ t'J U1tOOTJl1t01)PYTJ'tss~uv9flKS~, o aAA' a1to <pumICE~otaotICacris~, 1tODit i51tap~il 'tou~ Kat it nopsia 'tOU~ sfvct oocrl1SVS~ t~u1tapxfl~. 'R tpyooTJ110Kpa'ttICiJ «1tOAt'ttKiJ» EXSt otaICpt'ttICo 'tTJ~ yvroptcrl1a o'tt anoxeOvet x6.()e nOAtnuij xat t3'YJfJaywyla.AEv a<patpsi a1tO 'tt~ spyasol1sv~ l1USS~'tiJv KOtvroVtKiJ sU9uVTJ' 'tOD~ 'tiJv ava()h:et. Oi tpyOOTJ110KPU'tS~ OEV EXOUV'tiJ <PtAooo~ia va elver 1tOAt'ttICoi itys'ts~' OE 9a 'tOD~ e1tt'tpa1tsi, liAArocr'ts, 1to'tS, v' ava1t'tu1;ouv l1ta 'tS'tOta <ptAoOo1;ia. Tnv 'tU1ttICiJoTJl1oICpa'tia, 1tOD EIC<ppuSs'tat l1E 110VTJtiJv sICAoyiJ ' 1tOAt'ttICrovaV'tt1tpocrro1trov Kat OE cruVS1tuys'tat Kal1taV liAATJ1tSpat'tspa sU9uvTJ a1to JlSpou~ 'trov 'I'TJ<Po<poprov,it sPyooTJJloICpa'tia 'tiJv ava1t'tucrcrst cruvstOTJ'ta crE yvilma EJl1tpuYJla'tTJ Kai EJl1tpaK'tTJ oTJJloICpa'tia crE KAiJlaICa oixoouevtxf]. OR oTJJloICpa'tia alniJ cr'tTJPiss'tat cr'tt~ ASt'toupyis~: ayu1tTJ (EPro~), Epyacria Kai yvrocrTJ. •Ava1t'tucrcrs'tat opyavtlCu. IIoAsJlust 'to Jlucr'ttKtcrJlO Kai 'tiJv to sa 't01J OAoICATJpro'ttKolJICpU'tOU~,l5Xt oJlro~ JlE 1tOAt'ttKE~ ~1;st~ Kai crxilJla'ta, aAM JlE 'tt~ 1tpaK'ttICE~ ~toASt'toupyis<;;, 1tOD \)1taKolJv cr'tOD~OtKOU~ rotx; vouoix. ME Aiya Myta: it EPYOoTJJloKpa'tia OEVelvct 1tOAt'ttKo 1tp6ypaJll1a' slvrn l1ta vsoeoosrn [:3toKOtvroVtoAoytKil <pUcrtKiJKat 9sJlSAtro'ttKiJ ASt'toupyta 'tfl~ KOtvrovia~. 9

Buivux. <PucraAioEe;, 1tOU 1tapoucruI~ouv IlE'ta~a'ttKa cr'tUOta avuueon cr'ttlV a~ta Kai 'ttlv ell~ta oocria. I:Xlllla'ti~ov'tat IlEcra cr'ttl

cpucrll UOtUA.Et1t'ta um) 'ttl otaotKacria 'tile; OtUA.ucrlle; uvopyavlle; Kal. tvopyavlle; \)A.lle;. 'R otaotKacria aO'ttl ll1topEi v' uva1tapaX9Et 1tEtpallanKu. Td ~tOVta slvct eopncusvc IlE OPyOVEVEPYEta Kai EI;EA.icrcrov'tat crE 1tpOO'to~ooa Kai ~aK'tllpiota. Bw:rta()sta. 'Acr9EVEta 1tpOKaA.OUIlEvll um) 'tTt ota'tapaXTt 'tou ~tOAOYtKOlJ crCPUYIl0\) cr' 6MKAllPo 'tOY oPyaVtcrllo. IIEptEXEt OAEe; 'tie; vocnpe; otaotKacriEe;. 1tOU 1tapoucrtu~ov'tat IlEcra cr'to at)'tovollO ~toA.OytKo crucr'tlllla. '0 «KEV'tptKOe;ll11xaVtcrIlOe;» elver Ilta ota'tapaXtl cr'ttlV EK<POP'toocrll'tile; ~toYEvE'ti}crtae; OtEYEPO"lle;· XaeW'7:'Y}eoa'PaAva'Y}' IIapaA.A.ayi} 'tile; 'l'uxavaA.u'ttKf'ie; 'tExVtKfie; 'tTJe; uvuAucrlle; 'troY crull1t'tOOIlU'tOOv, 1tOU 1tEptAall~UVEt cr'tTJ 9Epa1tEU'ttKtl otaotKacria 'to XapaK'ti}pa Kat 'tie; uV'ttcr'tucrEte; roo. Xaea'X7:'Y}eolJop,lj. 'R 'tumKtl OOlltl tvoe; U'tolloU, cr'tEPEO'tU1tOe; 'tp01tOe; cr'ttl oPucrll Kat 'ttlV uV'tiopacri} rou, "Ayxo~ oeyaap,oV.rEVE'ti}crto, u<ppootcrtacr'ttKo, anoe;, 1tOU El;oo'tEptKU IlEV 1tpOKaA.Ei'tat o'tav 'to a'tollo cr'tEP1l9Ei 'ttlV EK1tA.i}poocrll 'tfie; YEVE'ti}crtae;6pJ-lile; 'tOU, UA.M 1tOU EcrOO'tEptKEUE'tatKai Pt~roVEt (m) ~u90e; 'tfie; 'JIUxfje; U1tO <po~o ll1tpOe; cr'ttlV U1tOKA.EtcrIlEvll YEvE'ti}crta otEYEPcrll. To anoe; 'tOlJ oPyacrll0\) crXlllla'ti~Et 'ttl Mcrll 'tOlJ YEVtKO\) anoue; 'tfie; iJoovfie;, 1tOU u1to'teA.Ei cr1lIlEpa crucr'ta'ttKo cr'totxeio 'tfie; EmKpa'toucrae; uv9promvlle; 00 Ilil e;. 'Oeyaan'XfJ a'Pt'Xa'Po7:'Y}7:a.' Ava<ppootcria' u1toucria opyacr'ttKi'ie; Mvalllle;, u<PPOOtcrtaKroV 6PllroV' OllA.aOtl iJ UOpaVEta, iJ uouvaIlia vd 1tapa009Ei KavEie; 6M~OAOe; crov UKOUcrtO cr1tacrllo 'tou oPyaVtcrllOlJ, v' U1tOAaucrEt 'tTJV UKEpta EK'tovoocrll 'tfje; OtEYEpcrlle; cr'to xopuqxouu 'tfie; EpOO'ttKfie;ouvouotuc, Elvat 'to crllllaV'ttKorspo yvroptcrlla 'to\) crllllEptVO\) IlEcroU uv9pro1tou, 1tOU OEcrllEUEt 'ttl ~toA.OYtKtl (opyov-) EVEpYEta IlEcra orov opyaVtcrllo roo K' !hcrt 0lllltoUPYEi 'tTJV 1tllYTJ 'tfie; EVEPYEtae; ytU ~to1ta911'ttKu crull1t'trolla'ta Kat KOtVOOVtKEe; UA.oyiEe; Ka9E A.oyfie;.

VtcrllO: ~toEVEpYEta, l;;ootKtl EvEpYEta. 'AvaKaA.U<p911K&U1tO 'tOV PatX avullEcra cr'tu 1936 Kat cr'ta 1940. 'OeY0'Po!-'t'XfJ ((8'PSeY'Y}Tt'XfJ») Osroela Tij~ MtTOvey~a~. 'R AEt'tOUP: ytKTJ otaA.oytcr'ttKTJ IlE9000e;, 1tOU Ka90011YEi 't11v KA.~VtKTtKat 1tEtpallanKtl opyovoepEuva. ' Al;iOOllu 'tlle; slvrn iJ 'tau'tO't11'ta 'troY 1tapaA.A.ayrov IlEcra cr'tTtV KotvTt AEt'tOUpytKTt upxi}· 'R otaA.oytcr'ttKTt aO'ttl IlE90ooe; uva1t'tux911KE, Ka9roe; 1tpoXoopo?crav O~ epEUVEe; ytU 'tTt otalloP<Poocrll 'to\) uv9pro1ttVOU XapaK't11pa, Kat 60i}YllcrE cr't1)v UvaKUA.u'l'l1 'tfje; A.Et'tOupytKfje; opyavtKf\e; Kat KOcrlltKfie; OPYOVEVEpYEtae;.Me rov 'tP01tO aO'to <puvllKE, on Ka9pE<p'tiI;;Et op9u 'tl.e; ~acrtKEe; <pUcrtKf:e;otaotKacriEe; 'tile; /;;rov'tavile; Ka9roe; Kat 'tTJe;VEKpile; (a~tae;) 15A.lle;· r&S7:1]ata olxovoula. ' A<ppooicrta olxovouic. '0 op~e; uvacpE: psrut o-rov 'tP01tO, 1tOU pu9Ili/;;E'tat iJ ~tOA.OytKTt EVEPYEta, •il _ 1tpUYlla 'tau'tocrllllo 6 'tp01tOe; teou pu9lli/;;Et 'to a'tollO 't11V otxo-voutc 'tf\e; YEvE'ti}crtae; EVepYEtae; rou - 011A.aotl 1toO"ll EVEPyEta OEcrllEUEtKat 1tocrll 1;00EUEt (UVaA.rovEt) orov oPyacrllO. Oi 1tapayOV'tEe;, 1tOU Ka90pi/;;ouv aO'tOV 'to PU9Iltcr'ttKO 'tP01tO cr't1) <Pucrll 'toue; KOtVOOVtoAOytKOi,'l'UXOAoytKOi Kat ~tOA.oYtKoL 'R Emcr't1lIl11 'tile; YEVE't1lcrtae; olxovouicc EXEt roe; 1tEptEXOJ.lEVo't11e; 'to crUVOA.O 'tf\e; yvrocrlle;, 1tOU EIXE 1tOpicrEt iJ J.lEA.E'tllau'trov 'troY 1tapayov'tOOv. '0 opoe; 011A.roVEttllV Epyacria 'tOU PUtX U1tO'tTt ern' Yllll 1tOU UV'ttKpoUEt 'ttl <pPOUOtKTt<ptAocro<pia 'to\) 1toAtncrllOlJ roc; 'ttlV uvaKUA.u'l'll 'to\) opyoVtoU, 61tO'tE 6 opoe; IlE'ta'tpE1tE'tat cre 'O(!Y0'Pop,la - Emcr't1lIl11 'tile; l;;ootKile;EvEpYEtae;. rS'PS7:ljata (fJ aqJeolJ[ata) :rtOAt"Ct'Xlj.'0 opoe; YEVE'tfJcrta 1tOA.t'ttKll Kal. YEvE'tllcrto1tOA.tnKOe; 011AcOVEt't1)v 1tpaK'tlKll E<paplloYll 'tile; YEvE't11crt01toA.t'ttKi'ie;Emcr't1lIl11e; J.lEcra cr'tu 1tA.aicrta 'tfje; KOtvOOviae; Kal. cre ~ucrll 6IlaOtK1l. To epyo aO'to E1tt'tEA.Ecr't11KE cr'tTt~ Aucr'tpia Kat 'ttl rEPllavia U1tO 'tu 1929 roc; 'tu 1933 Ilecra cr'ta 1tA.aicrta 'troY U1tEA.EU9Epoo'ttKroVE1tavacr'ta'ttKrov KtvllllU'tOOv Kat 'tile; 'l'uxtKfie; uytEtvile;· Ee~noA. 'Ovoucclc 'tf\e; YEPllavtKile; oPyuvoocrlle;, 1tOU acrxoA.OUVrev J.lf: 'tie; YEvE'tllcrto1tOA.t'ttKEe;opacr'tllPt6'tll'tEe;. II

°

'OeY0'Ps'Peeyeta. Kocuncn uPXEYOVll EVEpYEta' slvm 1tav'taxolJ 1tapoucra, Kat ll1topEi v' U1tOOEtX'tEi01t'ttKa, TJA.EK'tpocrKomKa Kat J-lf: roix; ~lE'tPll'tf:e; rKatYKEp-MUA.A.Ep. Mson ore ~oov'tavo opya10

(/>trr:oOEeaneta. ME 'tTJv avaKIlA.Ull'l1 'tfl~ J.1UtKfj~ OroPIlKtO'l1~'tpo1t01tOti]°llKe i] xapaK'tllPoavaA.u'ttKTJ Oepa1teu'ttKTJ ~ta(hKaO'{a YUl vd sA.euOeprocret 'ti~ ~eO'J.1euJ.1&ve~pu'ttKE~ SV&PYEtE~,1tPIl~ c YJ.1a 1tOD s1tavopOrovet 'tTJ f3tOCPUO'tK1) Ktvll'ttKTJ iKavo'tll'ta 'toU approO''tou. '0 cruv~uaO'J.1o~ xapaK'tllpoavllA.UO'l1~ xui cpu'toOepa~e{a~ Eytve yvrocr'to~ ~ xapaK'tllPoavaA.u'ttK1) cpu'toOepa1te1a. H Ka't01ttv1) avaKliA.Ull'l1 'tfj~ opyovev&pyeta~ 'toU opyavtO'J.1oU (BtoevsPYEta) Kai fr cruY1Csv'tProcrll a'tJ.1oO'cpatptKfj~ OpyovEvepYEta~ J.1t '(1) i3oi!Oeta evo~ crucrcrropeu'tfj-opyovevspYEta~, xpetllornxe va. ava1t'tuX'tEi, YU1 va. S~EA.tX'tEii! xapaK'tllPoavaA.u'ttKTJ cpu'toOEpa1tEia crt J.1ta. 1tEPtEK'ttKTJ i3tOCPUcrtKTJPyovoOEpa1teia. o

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-

2. ~Eve. uvw't. 6.36.

1. Charles Rycroft, Reich, Fontana, 1971, 6.96.

12
13

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14

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ftOlKa Kat KotvCOVtKa iOaVtKa to\) q>tA.eA.eoOeptcrIlO\)l;ava~pi(J1Coolle t' avtt1tpocrC01teottKa yvcopicrllata to\) t1ttcpavetalCo\) cpA.Oto\)tfie; xapaK'tllPooollf\e;, tT)V aOtOKoptapxia Kat tT)V avoxi). wEKOllA.Oe; J1C01tOe;fje; ftOtKfje; to\) cptA.eA.eoOeptcrIlO\)aOto\) ( t etvat va lCata1tvi~et «to 011Pio J.tEcra erov livOpco1to», tlCeivo to OtUllecro crtplOlla troy «oeotepo'toKcoV 'IfOX6PlllltCOv», to q>p0l)OtlCO «acroveiOllto». "H CPOcrtKT) otvcovtK6tllta to\) ~aOutat~o K rpirou cr'tprollatOe;, to\) 1topi)va, etVat liyvcocrtll orov q>tA.eA.eoOspo. Obcripei, Kai Kata1toA.elluet tT) otacrtpocpT) to\) clvOpro1ttVOOxapaKti)pa IlB ft0tKOUe; Kav6vee;' 51lcoe; ot KOtVcoVtlCBe; Ka: tacr'tpOcpBe; to\) 20o\) airova Ilae; Otoa.~av, ott iI taKttK1) aOtll OB Ilae; Mi)Yllcre 1tooOevu. , KuOs yvi)crta t1tavucrtacrll, KuOe yvi)crta tSXVll Kal. t1ttcrtllll11 Ka'tuye'tat cl1tO to q>OcrtKO ~toA.OytKO 1topi)va to\) clvOpro1tOo. ·OIlCOe;,oiSte 6 yvi)crtOe; t1tavacr'tutlle;, O1Jte 6 KaA.~ttsXVlle;, oihe 6 S1ttcrti)llovae; SXet roe; ta tropa Kepoicret, 6~l1Yllcret Iluse~, ~ Kt liv Mi)Yllcre, OBVKatopOcocre va tie; croYKpatllcret cr't1)v 1teptoXll tlOv sCOttKroV roo; crollcpepov'tcov. ,AA.A.tlOe;,Kt clv'tiOeta cl1tO to q>tA.eA.eoOeptcrllo,Kal. t1) yvi)~a t1tavucrtacrll, SKOllA.rovetat 6 q>acrtcrIl6e;. 'EKcppa~et crt1)v oocrta tOO, oXt I3s~ata tOY t1ttcpaVetaKO q>A.ot6, oihe tOY tcrro'ta'to, 1tOpi)va, clA.A.aKopicoe; tKeivo to OtUllecro crtplOlla to\) XapaKtllpa, 01tOO Opacreuoov ol «oeo'tepoysvvlltee; 6PIlSe;». T1)v t1tOx1) 1tOU1tPCOtoypa'l'a to\)tO to ~t~A.io, 6 q>acrtcrIlOe;Oeropobvcuv yeVtKa «~va 1tOA.tttKO KOlllla», 1tOU 51tcoe;Ka~ ot liA.A.ee; «ICOlVCOVtICEe; 6Iluose;» SK1tpocrC01to\)creoPyavcollsva Ilta «1tOA.tttK1) iosa». LUIlCPcova Il' aO't1) t1) Oecopia «to q>acrtcrttKO KOlllla» scpepe to q>acrtcrllo IlE t1) ~{a i'I IlB "1tOA.tttKOUe; eA.tYIlOUe;". 'A vtiOeta, iI tatptKi) uou 1teipa, 1tOU Ilo\) 1tpocr1t6ptse iI covevacr'tpocpi) uou IlB clvOpro1tOOe;cl1tO Otuq>opee; cpoMe;, OpllcrKeiee;, cr'tprollata, sOvll KA.1t.,IlE etxe otoa.~et, <Stt 6 q>acrtcrIlOe;elvat iI 1toA.tt1d oPyavcollsvll sKcppaG1l tf\c; Ilscrlle; clVOpro1ttVlle; XapaKtllpOoollf\e;' 001lf\e;, 1tOU OB crovosetat IlE 6ptcrllsvec; q>oMe; i'I «BOVll», oiSte IlB 6ptcrJ.tEva K61lllata, aA.A.'elvrn yeVtK1) Kat oteOVtKil. M' aut1) t1) XapaKtllP0A.oytK1) swota, 6 «rpaO'tO'p.or;;)) elva: ij -rvnt~ O'vvata()1Jf.la7:t'X-YJ O'vJ.l:7l8(!trpo(!a ";OV xa.,;anteO'p.e21

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MUl cr<puAEpi} 1tOAt'tuci} aV'tiA1'l'fll') sIXE Ol')lltoUPYTJcrEt 'ti}v EV'tU1trocrl'), 1tOD S1tucpu'tEi alColll') xcl crTJllEPU, o'tt 6 <Pucrtcrlloe; slvot 1tpt'O'tov evu IOtui'tEpo SOVtlCOyvroptcrllu 'trov rEPlluvrov lCui 'toW 'Iu1trovrov, lCui, OEU'tEPO, 1) OtlC'tu'topiu lltUe; lltlCpfle; av'ttopucr'ttlCfje; <pu'tpiue;. 'A1to 'ti}v apxuci} SlCEivl') cr<puAEpi} avtiAl')'fIl') 1tT]yasouv oAEe; of uAAEe; cr<puAEpse; SPlll')vEiEe;, of roco SmsTJlltEe; yta 'ta YVTJcrtu sAsuOEpro'ttlCa lCtVTJllU'tu. "H 1tEtcrllu'ttlCi} Sllllovi} os lCEivT] 'ti}v 1tAaVT] 1tpS1tEt v' a1t0800Ei o'to <poBo va 1tUPUOEX'tODllE 'ti}v aATJOEtu: 6 <pUcrtollOe; slvai t5te(J'JItXO <PUtVollEVO,otaxu'to OE crull1tUOEe; 'tie; lCOtvroVtlCEe;611aOE? 8AW'JI'tt'Ov sOvt'Ov. To OUll1tSpucrllu uO'to BpiolCE'tUt oE a1toAu'tT] crull<Proviu lIE 'ta 1tUYlCocrlltU YEYOVO'tU'tt'Ov 'tEAEu'tuirov 8ElCu1tsvrs s'tt'Ov. 0{ xupulC'tl')pouvuAu'ttlCSe; 1l0U Ell1tEtpiEe; lIE 1tEiOouv, o'tt 8Ev u1tliPXEt crTJllEPU sronuvoe; uvOpro1tOe;, 1tOD va lli} «<PSPEt» o'ti} OOllTJ roo 'ta o'tiYllU'tU 'tOD <pUcrtcr'ttlCODuicrOavEoOUt lCui OlCS1t'tEOOUt. "0 <Pucrtcrlloe; cbe; 1tOAt'!tlCi} lCiVT]crT]OtU<pSPEt a1to uAAu 1tOAt'ttlCa lCOllllU'tu lCU'ta 'tOD'tO: o'tt 7:0'1' vno(J1:'Y}elCov'JI"at. 1'0'1' lxneo(JwnoVv a'JI(Jewnt'JIer;p,aCer;.

wEXro alCSpUtT] 'ti}v S1tiyvrool') 'tiie; EMuVl')e; 1l0U yt' UO'tse; 1l0U ·'tie; 1tE1tOtOTJcrEte;. a EOxollOUV, yta 'to lCUAo roirrou 'tOD cr1tUpuyJ.tEe YOU xoouon, of spyunlCEe; av9promvEe; llUSE<;va sIxuv cruVEt0T]'tO1tOtTJOEt s~icrou lCUOUpa 'tTtV EMuvl') roo; yta 'to <PUcrtcrllo. ea 1tPE1tEt va oluXropicroullE lCu9upa 'tTt cruVT]OtollSVT] orpurolCpu'tiu a1to 'to <PUcrtcr1l6. "H Tspuovto 'tOD rOUAtEAlloU rj'tuv cr'tPU'tOlCPU'tOUllEVT],aAA' OXt <pucrtcrnlCTJ. 'E1tEtOTt 6 <pUcrtcrllOe;Sll<PuvisE'tUt 1tUV'tOD lCui 1tUV'tO'tE otrv xtvnuu 0'tT]pts611EVO crE avO prom VEe; llusEe;, 1tUPOUOlUSEt OAU 'ta yvropicrllu'tU lCui 'tie; aV'tt<paoEte; 'tii<; XupulC'tT]p08011iie; 'tOD aYEAuiou av9pro1tou: 8Ev slvm 6 <Puolcr1l6e;, 01troe; 1tlO'tEUE'tUt YEvtxu, eVU lCuOupa avnopuo'ttlCO xtvnun, aAAa EVUalluAyullU a1to anae"xo. cruVUtcrOTJllU'tUlCui aV'ttopucr'ttlCEe; lCOtvrovllCEe;i8EE<;. 22

Av lIE rov opo E1tUVUO'tuoT] EvvooOllE 'ti}v ~AAoyT] E1;sYEpcrT] 111t poe; crE a<p6pT]'tEe; cruvOfllCEe;llSOU cr'tODe; lC6A~oue; 'tile; xoi ": viue;, 'tTtV EAAoyT] ~OUAT]crl')«Va <p'tacroullE o'ti) ptt;u, 'tOlv npuYllu: rrov» lCui va 'ta 8topOroooullE, 'to'tE 6 <pucrtcrllOe; OEV sivUt note S1tuVuo'tunlCOe;. Mnopst BsputU va 1tUPOUOtUSE'tUt lIE 'to npooro1tEio E1tUVUO'tU'ttlCOO1taeoue;. 'AAAa 8s ea ovollaooUllE E1tUVUcr'ta'tT] 'to ytu'tp6, 1tOD xEtpit;E'tUt lltaV approonu lIS U1tEP01t't~lCEe;PptotEe;, aAA' ElCsivov, 1tOD EPEUVUiicruxu, OuppuAEu lCUl.EUcruvEi8T]'tu 'ta uinu 'tile; approo'ttue; lCui 'ta 1tOAEllii. "0 <pucrto'ttlCOe; aV'tupncrlloe; 1tPOPUAAEt 1tav'to'tE ElCEi, 1tOD lIla E1tUVUO'tU'ttlCTtoUylCiVT]crT] ~Ecr'tpu'tit;Et a1to <p6po 111tpOe; (J'tTtV aATJOEtu lCui lCU'tUV'tU<puv'tumo1tAT]~iu. , "0 <PucrtOlloe; slvct o'ti}v lCueupi) 1l0P<PTJ'tOU 'to li9pOtOllU a1t oAEe; 'tie; dAoyer; av'ttopucrEle; 'toO J.tEcrouav9promvou XUPUlC'tTJpu. l:'to cr'tEvolCE<puAo lCOtvrovwA6yo, 1t0\) Mv ~XEt 'to eappoe; v~ avuyvropicrEt, 'ti 01tou8uio pol..o 8tu8pUllU'tit;Et 'to liAoyo rrtotXEio llEcru cr'ti}v Irrropin 'tile; av9pro1t6'tT]'tue;, 1) <PUcrtO'ttlC~ <puA:'!tlCTt 9Eropiu <pUiVE'tUta1tAt'Oe;craV UO'tOlCPU'tOptlCOcrull<PEpov, 11, alC611T] 1tto llUAud, crav «1tpolCu'taAT]'I'T]». To i8w lCui (J'to~ aVEUOuvO aEpoA6yo 1toAt'tllC6. "H E~uAAOOUVT] lCui 1) 1tAunu 8tu800T] uO'tt'Ov 'tt'Ov «<puAEnlCrov 1tPOlCu'tuATJ'I'EroVl><pUVEproVEt 'ti}v lCU'tUyroYTJ oo; a1to 'to liAoyo uopio 'tile; 'fIuxile;, 'toO avO pror mvou XUpUlC'tTJpU. "H <puAE'ttlCl) eErop{U 8EV slvm 8l')lltOUPYT]llU 'tOD <pumcrllOO. 'Avrtcrpoec : 6 <Pucrlolloe; stVUt 8T]lltOuPYT]llU 'tOD <puAE'ttlCoO uicouc, lCui 1) 1tOAtnlCa opyuvro~VT] ~lC<ppUOTJ 'tOU. l:uvulC6Aoueu, {muPXEt svue; YEPllUVtlC6e;, hUAtlC6e;, {cr1tUvtlC6e;, aYYAoou1;roVtlCO.", iou8uilCoe; lCui apuptlCOe; <pumcrllOe;. •H q;vAe-n"", MsoAoyta elsa: f.tta yv1](Jtu {3wna(J'Y}'t'tx", xaeaxT'Y}eOAoytX", lxq;ea(J'Y}
Tof)

a'JIaq;eO&TOV (a'JIlxa'JIov yto. oeya(Jf.to) a'JI-

()ewnov. '0 cru8to'ttKU-otao'tpo<p0e;

XUpUlC'tTJPUe;'tile; <puAE'ttlCile; i8EoAoyiue; <pUVEproVEt'ti}v obotc roo lCui cr'tTt eEcrT] 1tOD 1tU{pVEt a1tEvavn o'ti) 0pT]O"1Csiu. '0 <Puot01l6e;, llUe; AEvE, elver, 'taxu, Emo'tpo<pl) o'ti}v d8roAoAu'tpEiu lCui 9uvacrtllOe; EXepOe; 'tile; OP11olCsiue;. KaeE uAAo! 'Av'tiOE'tU llaAtcr'tu, 6 <PucrtOlloe; Elvut 1) alCpuiu ~lC<ppUOT]'tOO Op11olCEunlCoO llUO'ttlCtOllOO. Tt' uO'to lCui

23

f:1lq>avii;s'tat Ilf; slotKtl K01.VOlVtKtl1l0pq>f(. '0 q>aO"tO"Il0e; O"'tllPii;st 'ttl 9PllO"KSO't'tK6'tll'ta f:KSivll, nOD Ka'to:ys'tat uno 'ttlV uq>pooiO"ta (ysvs't'llO"ta) OtaO"'Upoq>tlKal. Ils'ta'tpEnSt 'to llai;OXtO"'t'tKO xapaK'titpa 'tlie; naAtne;na'tptaPXtKlie; 9PllO"lCsiae; 'tmv IIa9mv O"f;onOtO"'t'tKtl 9PllO"Ksia: Tt' au'to Kal. Ils'ta9E'tSt 'ttl 9PllO"lCsia uno 'to f:nEKStva 'tlie; q>tAoO"oq>iae;toO nu900e; O"'to f:om 'tlie; O"aotO"'t'tKlie; ' O"q>aYlie;· 'H q>aO"tO"'t'tKtl voorpoxto sivat it voorpordu 'toO IltKPOO f:~avopanootO"IlEVOO, q>iAapxoo Kai O"Ovulla UV'tUp't'tKOO«UV9pOlnUptoO». Af;V sIvat 'toXaio, o't't OAOt oi q>aO"to"'tEe; OtK'tU'tOpSe; npoepxov'tat uno 'to f3tOlttKO f:ninsoo 'toO IltKPOO uV't'topaO"'t'tKoO uv9pronoo. '0 IlsyaAof3tollf(xavoe; xui 0 q>soooapXlle; O"'tpa'toKpU'tlle; f:KIlS'taAAsuov'tat YUl 'toue; OtKOUe;roix; oxonoi»; au'to 'to xowrovnco OSOOIlEVO,o'tav EXSt unoKpoO"'taAA0l9si nUl IlEO"a O"'to xropo 'tlie; Ka90AtKlie; f3toKa'tanisO"lle;. '0 IlllxaVoKpa't'tKa aU'tapXtKOe; noAt't't0"1l0e; slO"npunst anAme; uno 'to xcrumsouevo UV9POl1t(lPto 'to q>aO"t0"1l6,odv uV'taIlOtf3tl yta 'to 1l00"'t'tKtO"Il6,'ttlV f:mAOXtQxpcrto, rov au't0Ila't't0"1l6, nou almvse; oA6KAllpOOe; EXSt O"nsipst IlEO"a o"'tte; Ilui;se; 'tmv IltKpmv Ka'taoovaO"'tsoIlEVOlV uv9pronrov. To uv9pOlnUKt AOt1t6v au'to EXSt ~SO"llKroO"St "'ttlVf:v'teASta 'to q>EPO 0"t1l0 'toO «J.lSyUAOOuvop6e;», Kat 'to ~avanapooO"tui;st ncpcuopq>OlIlEVO Kat IlsYS900"IlEVO. '0 q>aO"tO"'ttle; ivat 0 f:mAoxiae; 'tlie; s ytyav't'tae; o"'tpa't'tne; 'toO f3apu'ta'ta UPPOlo"'tllIlEVOOIlsyaAof3tollllxaVtKOO Ilae; nOAt'ttO"Il00. .Mv KPOUSt Kavsie; U't'tIlOlPll'ti IlnpOe; O"'to uv9pOlnUKt 'to IlSYUAO Tall'tall 'tlie; \HI'llAlie; nOAt't'tKlie;: 0 IltKpOe; f:mAoxiae; EXSt ~snspuO"st 0"' oAa 'ta Kallrolla'ta rov au'toxpuroptxo 0"'!pa'tlly6: O"'ta f:1lf3a'titPta, 0"'t0 f3lllla't't0"1l0 'tlie; xf(vae;, O"'tie; Ota'tayf;e; Kai 'ttlV onaKof(, O"'to 9avucrtll0 q>of3o IlnpOe; 0"'t0 AOytO"Il0, o"'ttl Ot1tAOllla'tia, 'ttl O"'tpa'tll'YtKtl xai rcK'ttKit, cr'tie; 0"'t0A.f;e;Kat 'tie; napsAaO"Ste;, O"'tte; napacrlllloq>opise; Kai Ils'taAAStoq>opise;. '0 Kuti;sp rOOAtEAIlOe; q>aivs'tat 0"' OA' au'ta 'ta npaYlla'ta xuvttrcorevtoc Kt uM~toe; liv rov napaf3uASte; IlE rov nStVaAEo onaAAllAoytO Xi'tASp. "Orcv evae; «npoAs'taptoc» O"'tpa'tllyoe; Kpsllast O"'to 0"'tli90e; 'too /;sefJ6CJs/;a Kt un' 'to Aapuyyt roe; 'tov uq>aM oAa 'ta napacrlllla 'toO K60"1l00, EXOOJ.lS

Ilnp6e; Ilae; 'to i;Olv'tavo napuOstYlla 'toO uvopuptoO, nou OE~ evvost va q>avsi Ka'tro'tspo uno 'to «yvf(O"tO» IlsyaAo O"'tpa'tllYo. IIpEnst va EXSt J.lSAS'tf(O"StKavde; f:~OvoxtO"'t'tKa Kai otS~ootKa 'to xapaK'tf(pa 'toO Ka'tamsO"IlEVOO uv9pOlnuKoo, va sxSt osi nme; O"01lf3aivoov 'ta npaYlla'ta niO"Ol uno 'ttlV npoO"ml'll, ~ta v« KamAaf3St nuvro O"EnOtEe; OOVuJ.lSte;O"'tllpii;s'tat 0 q>ao"tO"llo~. "Oruv " aYEAll 'tmv KaKona9llllEvOlV av9promvOlv i;chrov ~ScrllKOl9llKS f:vav'tiov 'toO u[fJCJ'YJAOV q>tASAs09sptO"ll00 Ilf; 'tie; KOUq>tSe; 'too SUYEVStSe;Of;Vf:VVom'to yv1jO'tO q>tASAS09sptO"Il0 Kat 'ttl yvit( otu UVOXtl) rots q>avspro9llKS 'to cr'tpmlla 'toO xapaK'tf(pa, onoo q>OlAtai;oov ol osO'tsPOYEVVll'tSe;OPIlEe;. • ' AEV Il1tOPOOIlS va f:~ooos'tsProO"oOIlS rov uq>llVtaO"llsvo q>aO"tO",'tll, liv U1tO 1tOAt't'tKtl KatpoO"K01tia 'l'axvoolls va rov f3poOlls J.lSO"a O"'to Fspuuvo i'l rov 'haAo 1l0VO, xt oXt E1tiO"lle;IlEO"aO"'tov 'AIlSpuccvo Kat rov K1.VEi;o· liv Of;Vrov UVtxvsuoollS Kat piaa (/1:0')1 iCJW 1'0')1 saV7:6par:;' liv of; YVOlpii;oOIlS'toue; KOtVOlVtKOUe; 9sO"lloue;, 1tOU rov f:KKOAU1t'tOOV Ka9llllSptvu. M1toPOOIlS va x't01tf(O"OOJ.lSU1to'tsAscrlla'ttKa 'to q>aO"t0"1l6, 1l6vuxa,o'tav rov uV'ttIlS'tOl1tii;oOIlS lpneaypa-ra Kai neaun"a ~f; KaA09sIlSAtOlllEVll yvroO"ll 'tlie; i;Ollie;Kat 'tlie; KiVllcrf(e; 'tlle;· Kavste; OEV ll1topsi va rov q>'tacrst O"'ttlV1tOAt't'tKoAoyia, croix; Ot1tAOlllarixoix; SAtYIlOUe; ci 'tie; 1tapsAaO"Ste;. "Ouox; yta 'ta nea"~t"a 1tPO,x f3Af(lla'ta 'tlie; i;Ollie; Of;V sxst va oroO"St u1tav'tllO"ll xcuic, f:1tStOll 'ta f3AE1tStoAa Il~cra orov Ka9pEq>'tll 'tlie; tOSOAoyiae; i'l IlE 'to crxlilla 'tlie; Kpa't'tKlie; cr'toAlie;· " "Otuv aKoOlls KU1toto q>aO"tO"'tit,o1totaO"oit1to'ts u1tOXPOlO"lle;,va f3yai;st Kf(poYlla yta 'ttlV «'t'tlltl 'toO E9vooe;» (uv'ti YUI 'ttlV 't'tlltl 'toO uv9pro1t00), yta 'ttl «orornpic 'tlie; liytae; otKoYEVStae; Kai 'tlie; q>uAlie;» (uv'ti 'tlie; xoworvlcc xni 'tlie; f:pyai;ollsvlle; UV9POl1t6'tll'tae;)' o'tav q>OOO"KroVSt Koporovs'tat Kt EXSt 'to puYXoe; 'too Kai YSllu'to 0"0v9f(lla'ta, 'to't's lie; rov POl'titO"oOIlSollllocria ilpslla Kat U1tAa: «T£ XOCVEL<; o-TIjv 'ltpoc~'1) YLOC voc TOCtO-EL<; TO e6vo<;, XWP1.<; voc 30AO-

CPOvYJO-EL<; &tJ..oc e6v'1) ; Tt XOCVEL<; w<; YLOCTP0<; YLOC VOC XOCTOC'ltOAE[L~O-EL<; T1.<; Xp6VLE<; liPP6>O-TLE<;, "t"t w<; 'ltocL3ocywyo<; YLOC v' eX'ltEPYOCO-"t"EL<; TIjv EU"t"UX(OC TOU 'ltocL3LOU, "t"L w<; otxovo[LoA6yo<; YLOC voc e~ou3ETE-

24

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LUIl1tEPUO'llu: 6 oteElvtKo~ cpuO'tO'IlO~ os Sa f)nl'JSet 1tO'tE IlE 1tOA.tnKOD~ 8A.t'Yllou~. ea 01tOKU'I'et uovo O''tTtV1tuYKOO'lltU cpuO'tKTt opyaw.oO'l'J 'ti'l~ EpyuO'i~, 'tfj~ uya1tl'J~ KUt 'tfj~ yvOOO'l'J~. 'R spyuO'tU, f) uya.1tl'J KUt f) yvOOO'l'J otuSE'tOUV UKOIll'J IlsO'u OE O''tTtv xoivovtc Ilu~ 'tTt 06vUIll'J va opiO'ouv 'tTt I;rof) KUt 'tTtV uvSPOO1ttVl'JU1tUPSl'J. Kat KIln 1teptO'O'o'tepo: 'tou'te~ of lleyaA.e~ ouvallet~ 'tfj~ UPXEYOVl'J~ OPllfj~ 'tfj~ I;rofj~ Mv exouv O'Uvetol'J'to1totitO'et UKOIll'J'tTt POOIll'J roue, 'tTtV uvuvnKu'tamu'tl'J Kui 'tepaO'nu O'l'JlluO'iu roo; yta 'tTtV 01toO''tuO'l'J 'tfj~ xotvmvinq. Tt' uino j3piO'Ke'tut f) uvSPOO1ttVl'J xotvovto O'itllepu, evu xpovo Ile'ta 'tTt O''tpunronKTt llnu 'tOU KOllllu'ttKOfl cpuO'tO'llofl, 1tt0 KOV'ta. O''tO xetAo~ 'tofl yKpellofl. 'R 1t'tooO'l'J'tofl 1toA.tnO'llofl Ilu~ sa. sivat Uvu1to'tpe1t'tl'J, ltv 'tuxov of cpopet~ 'tfj~ spyuO'iu~, of CPUO'tKOt S1ttO''titllove~ OAroV 'trov KAaOroV 'tfj~ I;rofj~ (oxt 'tOU Suva'tou), OA.OtsKetvOt 1tOD xupil;ouv KUt osxov'tut 'tTt CPUO'tKTt uya1tl'J, OEV Il1tOPSO'ouv va. O'uvetol'J'to1tOtitO'ouv upKe'ta. yPityopu 'tTtV 'tepamtu e09uvl'J roue,
'R I;rov'tavtu ll1topet vd omipset Xropi~ 'to cpuO'tO'IlO,0 cpuO'tO'IlO~ ollro~ OEVll1topet va. o1tapset xroPt~ 'tTt I;rov'tavtu. ElVUt 0 j3PUKOAUKU~,1tOD SSAet va xop'taO'et 'ti~ CPOVtKE~ OPIlS~ ron 1tavro O''to O'rollu 'tfj~ t,;rofj~, o'tuv 'tT]v avotSl'J 1;l'J'taet 0 epro'tu~ 'tT]V SK1tAitprocrft rou,

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unopet «v' ap1taset j3iutu 'tTtV ssouO'iu», ytu'tt os Sa ~!;epe ;t va 'tTtV xdvst 'tTtV sSouO'iu. Ao'to 'to O'UIl1tSpUO'IlU onumvet ~l'J1tW" on fo I;rov'tuvTt t,;roTt a ueivet yta 1tav'tu EKSe'tl'J, 1tUPUoolleVl'J S S' U o'rov 1tOAtnKO YKUVYKO''teptO'IlO,1tav'tO'te 'to xcptspuco Ull 'tOD, on 0 KatPOO'K01tO~ 1tOAtnKO~ Sa pooecet 1tav'tO'te 'to uIIlU , 'tl'J~; "Eve rsroto O'UIl1tEPUO'IlU l1'tuv AuSellevo. S~
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XPEO~ EXro va Sepu1teuO'ro uppOOO'ne~. 'g~ epeu,vl'J'tit~, v' a1tOKUAU'l'ro ayvroO"te~ CPUO'tKE~ O'u~up:it~et~. A ~ 'trop~ sPX0'tuv evu~ aVeIlOKUUKUAO~ 1tOAtnKO~ ytU vu Il,e U~UYKuO'e~v~ 1tUpu'titO'ro 'tOD~ appooO''tou~ IlOU KUt 'to IltKPOO'K01tt~ Il?U, , oe Su 'tOY acpl'Jvu j3sj3UtU va 1l0U 'tupaset 'tOD~ KUKAOU~,IlU Su 'tOY nsronou ESro U1tO'tTtV1tOP'tu, liv OEVEcpeuyeOl'JAUOTt a1to IlOVO~:OU. ~A v Sa xpetuO''tet tj oxt va j3taW1tpuyitO'ro yta va npocrureuoro 'tTt oOUAeta 1l0U U1tO 'tOD~ 1tUpeiO'uK'tOu~, uino OS~ s~up:a't~t U1tO IlEVU 11 a1tO 'tTt oouAeui 1l0U, UAA' U1tO 'to j3~Sllo 't~~ ~Vatoeta~ 'tOD nupetouxroo. ~ A~ (moSsO'oulle, AOt1tOV" 1tro~ OAO~, oO'Ot spyal;oV'tut yta 'to KUAO 'tfj~ I;rofj~, Il1tOPOUVv avuyvroptcoov ey"ale())~ 'tOY 1tOAtnKO KuuXl'JO'oMyo. ea Kav~v aKptj3ro? o,'tt KUt yOO. ~IO'ro~ 0" uO'to 'to U1tAouO''teullsvo ~upuoetY~u v~ {mapxet evu etoo~ a1taV'tl'JO'l'JO''to POO'tl'JIlU:1tro~ S alluVSet apyu tj YPityopu 'to t,;roV'tuvo 1tAaO'llu svcvrtov 'trov oO'rov 'to SVOXAOUV KUt 'to KU'tUO''tpscpouv. La yta'tpo~,

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'tOD CPUO'tO'IlOD yevvitSl'JKe O''ta K~iO'tIlU

yepllUVtKa xPOVta 1930-1933. rpacp'tl'JKe O''ta 1933' KUKAoCPoPl'J~e

'to L)j3pl'J 'tOU 1933 O'E1tPOO'tl'J Ut 'tOY 'A1tptAl'J 'tOU 1934 O'S oeuK rspn EKOOO'l'JO''tij Lluviu. EiKOO't xPOVtU 1tSpuO'uv U1tO rote, 'R U1tOKaAu'I'l'J 'tfj~ iiAOYl'J~ cpuO'l'J~'tfj~ cpuO'tO'nKfj~ i.oeoAoyiu~ npocnoptcs O''to j3tj3Aio 1l0U 'tTt I;rol'JPTtS1ttOOKtlluO'iu OAroV.trov 1tOAtnKrov 1tupu'taserov, - E1tt: ' OOKtlluO'iu, 1tOD uvaj3pu/;e 1teptO'O'o'tepo U1tO EvSOUO'tUO'IlO,1tUpU U1tO yvOOO'l'Jj 1tpaSl'J, To j3tj3Aio 1tspuO'e - BV IlSpet IlE'I'euorot VUIlU- 'ta yePIlUVtKa O'uvopu O'E lleyaAe~ 1toO'o'tl'J'te~. To 1tUpnvouo E1tUVUO''tU'ttKO Kivl'JIlU 'to lmoosX'tl'JKe IlE xupa. Lll'J~l~OU~yl'JO'e IlUKPOXPOVta E1tUCPTt 'to yePIlUVtKO avncpuO'tO'nKo xtIlE
vnun.

«'R uvSPOO1ttVl'JKui KOtVroVtKTtsAeuSepiu, f) UO'tOKUj3SPVl'JO'l'J 'tfj~ I;rofj~ Ilu~ KUt 'tfj~ I;rofj~ 'trov SPxollevrov yeverov S' uvoisouv 'taxu 'to oPOllo roo; eiPl'JVtKa tj IlE 'tT] j3iu ;» Ao'to dvut 'to avitO'uxo POO'tl'Jllu.Kuvei~ ollro~ OEVsspet 'tTtv u1tav'tl'JO'l'J. Md 01tOtO~ SEpet 'tT] A.et'toupyiu 'tfj~ t,;rofj~ IlsO'u O''to t,;roo, O''to vwysvvl'J'to j3pscpo~, crov acpoO'trollSVo spya'tl'J, ehe Ill'JXUVtKO~ elvrn uo'to~, ehe speuVl'J'tT]~ ehe KUAAt'tEXVl'J~,uO'to~ exet 1ta'l'et 1tta va O'KEcp'te'tUtIlE 'ti~ evvote~, 1tODO'1teipuve O''tov KOO'IlOIlu~ 'ta SK'tprollUnKa KOllllunKa 1tOA.t'ttKa O'UO''titllu'tu. To I;rov'tuvo ov OEV 26

27

Of q>aO'tO''t~ a7tay6pe'l'av 'ta. J3tJ3A.ia IlOU O''ta. 1935 lla1;i ~ <>A.a 'ta. EV'tU7ta 'ta. crxe'ttKa. Il& 't1lV 1tOA.t'ttK1l 'l'UX0A.oyia1. MEP1') 'tot) J3tJ3A.iou IlOU, <>1l0><;, aVa'tu7t(D91')Kav O't1l raA.A.ia, 't1lv 'AllepuC11, oO'A.oJ3aKia, 'ta. O'KavotvaJ3td 't1lv TO'ex KPU't1'), KA.7t., Kpt9TJKav Kat 0'U1;1')'tTJ91')Kav· Ote!;oOtKa. O'tOV 'tU7to. Movo of a7to'teA.lla'tooIlEVOt O''tov olKoVOlltO'llo ron; O'omaA.tO''t&t; 'tot) K61lIla'tOt; Kat of Ilt0'9oo:oi a!;toolla'tot)Xot 'tOU, 7tODOta9E'tav <>A.a'ta. 7tOA.t'ttKa. KOIllla'ttKa <>pyava, O&V!;Epav &t; 'ta. O'TJllepa 'ti va. 'ta. KUvouv. ·H TJyeO'ia 'tlOv KOlllloUVlO"ttKlOVKOllllu'toov 'tilt; L1aviat; Kat 'tfjt; NopJ31')yiat;, 1t·X·, 'ta. X'tU7t1')O'eO'q>OOpa.Kai 'ta. Kaut1')piaO'e rot; «aV'te7tavaO''ta'ttKU}). Elvat xapaK't1')ptO''ttK6, aV'tiGe'ta, <>'tt 7tOA.A.a. Ea Y 7tatOta. Il' &7tavaO'ta'ttK1l Vootpo7tia, liv Kai JiEA.1')q>amO'ttKlOv O'UVOEO'lloov,Ka'taAaJ3av 't1lv aq>pootmo-otKOVOlltK1l tpll1')veia 'tfjt; aA.oYl1t; q>UA.e'ttKfjt; geoopiat;. l:ta. 1942 l'jpge a7tO 'tfJv 'AyyA.ia TJ 7tp6'taO'1'), va. lle'taq>paO''tei O''t' aYY~tKa. TJ Ma1;tKTt \{'uxoA.oyia 'tou <l>amO'llot). Au'to Il0t) 01')IltoupY1')O'e 'tTtv U7tOXPEooO'1'), a. &My!;oo, oEKa xpovta Ile'ta. tTt v O'uyypaq>TJ 'tOU, liv l'j'tav aKoll1') XPTJO'tllo 'to J3tJ3A.io. To a7to'tEA.eO'lla 'tof.) &Myxou a\)tot) Ka9peq>'ti1;et Il& aKpiJ3eta 'tit; 'tepuO''ttet; lle'taJ30A.Et; 7tOU O'UVteA.EO''t1')KavO'tTt O'KE'I'1')IlOU 't1lv 'teA.eutaia
~. 'Avtiypa<po. r&PllavllCll A1tPIAiou 1935. 'E<PTlIl&piC; tfjc; KuJ3&pvi)O"&roc;. ' Ap19. 213,· 13

Bao"&l toO M tfjc; 4.2.33 !CataO"XOVta1 lmo tfjc; aO"tUVOlliac; !Cai a1tocrupoVta1 :fjC; !CUICA.O<POPia;tv IIpcoO"iq ta bm1ta «rt &{va1 ta!;lK1'! O"Uv&ioTlO"Tl toO ;» EpvO"t IIapEAA., «A1aA.&lCtlICOc; OA10"1l0C;!Cai 1jIUxawAUO"T]» toO BiAX&AIl ;a1X, ap19. 1 lCai 2 tfjc; 1tOAltllCfjc;-1jIUXOAOYllCfjc;O"&lpiiC;O"UyypallllatCOv tGlv EIC06O"&CO~ r&V&tijO"1a IIOA1t11Ci), K01t&yxaYTl-IIpaya-ZupiXTl, roc; t7tiO"TlC;lCai a~aVta ta t1C009Tl0"61l&va ~vtI)1ta tfjc; aOtfjc; o"&lpiiC;, 016tl &{va1 lCata.A.ATlAa va 9EO"OUVtv !Cw06wp tllv OTllloO"iav aO"<paA.&laV !Cai ta!;w. 41230)35 II 2 B 1. B&poAlvov, 9.4.33 rlC&O"ta1tO 'Ap19. 2146 - 7 Mctoo 1935 Bao"&l toO M toO IIpoEopou ·toO r&p~taVlICOO PalX a1to 28.2.33 a1tTlyop&69Tl iJ tv tq, to"COt&P11C(jJ xropac; Ola.oOO"1C; taVtcov tGlv tv ttl aAA.oOa1tt'j tIC010Otfjc; 1 IlEVCOV tVtIl1tCOV ~c; o"&lpiiC; 1tOAln!CGlV-1jIUXOAOY1ICGlV Il&A&tGlVtfjc; :EEl;. IIoA. ('EIC06o"&lC; r&V&tT]O"1a IIoAlnK1'!, K01t&yxaYTl, Aavia, roC;lCai IIpaya, TO"&xoO"AoJ3alCia, lCai ZupiXTl, 'EAJ3&tia) IlEXP1 V&co't&pac; Olatayfjc;. III P 3952 B 53. B&POAivov, 6.5.35. 1. \}f&Uorovullo toO BiAX&A!! palX.

oeKae'tia. Elvct &7tiO'1')t;t A.uoia A.t90t; yta. 'tTtV &1lJ3&A.eta i 'tilt; xotvooVtKilt; yevetTJ O'tat; olxovoutcc Kai 'tilt; O'XEO'1')t;t1')t; Il& 'tit; xoi' VooVtK&t;lle'taf3oA.&t; 'tou atrova Ila<;. ElXa 7tOA.A.a. XP6vta va. 7ttuO'oo O"ta. XEpta uoo au'to 'to f3tJ3A.io."Orcv A.Ot7tOVaPXtO'a va. 'to Stop9rovoo Kai va. 'to &7teKteivoo, O'Uveto1')'to7toi1')O'a Il& O'UVtapaK'ttKTt &vupyeta 'ta. otaV01')'ttKa. A.u91'),7tOD dxav ota7tpaxgei <>eKa7tEv'te xp6vta xptv, 'ti<; pt1;tK&<;aA.A.ay~ 0''t1l O'1(E'I'1')uoo Kai 'tit; a!;troO'et<; 7tot> 7tpoJ3uA.A.et O''tTtV &7ttO''tTJIl1')t avuYK1') va. u7tepvtK1')gei i 6 q>amO'llo<;. Ka'tapXTtv f3Ef3ata, Il7tOpot)O'a va. &7tt'tPE'I'oo O''tOV Eamo IlOU va. xapei ~va lleyUA.O 9piallf30. ·H yeve't1')O'to-OtKOVOlltKTt avuA.uO'1') 'til<; toeoA.oyiat; 'tot) q>amO'llof.) OXt uovo aV'texe O''tTt OOKtllaO'ia tot) XP6vou, aA.A.a. Kai KU'tt 7teptO'O'otepo: ta. teA.eutaia oEKa xp6vta dxav &7ttKuproO'et A.all7tpa. ta. KUpta O'1')lleia 't1')<;. ·H geoopia uoo A.Ot7tOV&7tt1;oDO'e,svro etxav Ka'tappeuO'et O''to Ileta!;u of otxovopurrucsc evvote<; 'tot) ayopaiou llapstO'llot), 7tot> XP1')O'tuonotooocv 'ta. yepllaVtKa. llapStO''ttKa. K61l1la'ta O''tTtV 1tpoO'7tlXgetu 'tOU<;va. 1tapaf3yot)v Il& 'to q>amO'Il6. ·H MaCtui] PVZOAOyEa IlOU Exet &7tiO'1')t; 'UVTJYopo't1')t; 'to yeyovot; Ott, oEKa xp6vta O Ileta. 'tTt O'uyypaq>TJ 't1')t;, u7tupxet YEa 1;TJ't1')O'TJ 't1')<;. Tsroi« npof30A. OEV astro91')Ke KavEva a7to ta. llapStO''ttKa. O'uYYPulllla'ta Tt 'til<; s7toxil<; yupoo O'ta. 1930, 7tot> of O'uyypaq>eit; roo; erXav Ka'taOtKuO'et 'tTt revS7:1}(rta oZ"o'JI0ftta• 'loot> 'tropa 7tlOt; ota'tu7tooO'a 'ti<; pt1;tKEt; aA.A.ay&<; 'til<; O'KE'I'1')<; ou, u <>'tav &7tesepya1;61l0uv 'tTt oeu'tep1') 8KOOO'1'): rupoo O''ta. 1930 O&V elXa 'tTtv 7tapalltKPTt tOEa yta. 'ti<; q>UO'tK&<; &Pyoo1')1l0KpattK&t; O'XEO'et<;trov &pya/;ollevoov av9pro7toov. O] vee<; ' 1l0U a7to'l'ett; yta. 'tTt yeve'tTJma obcovouic Kat 'to pol..o 't1')<;O''tTt <>taIl6pq>ooO'1')t'f1t; av9pro7ttv1')<; oOllil<; etxav O''teyaO''tei 'to'te IlEO'a ' O''ta. geoop1')'ttKa. 7tA.aiO'ta 'trov llapstO"ttKrov KOIlIlU'tooV. 'Epya1;6uoov 'tOY KatpO sKeivo 0'& otuq>ope<; q>tA.eA.e6gepe<;,O'omaA.tO''ttK&t; Kai KOIlIlOUVtO''ttK&t;6pyavroO'ett;, Kai illlouv avaYKaO'IlEVo<; a7to Ka91')llept VTt 'tPtf3TJ, va. lle'taxetpi1;0llat 'ti<; 'tpexouO'e<; llapstO''ttK&t; KOtVooVlOA.OytK&t;EVVote<;, <>'tav 7tapoucria/;a 'ti<; a7t6'1'et<; IlOU yta. 'tTt yeve'tTJma obcovoutc. ·H 'tepuO"tta aV'tiq>aO'l') avuJ1EO'a O''tTtV KOtVooVtKTtyeve'tTJma olxovoute Kai 'tOY ayopaio

28

29

oi~OVOJ.1tcrJ.1o,eIXe apXicret vd l1dhlAroVe'tClt a1tO rots KtOAUC, crn~ OOUVTJpe~ OteV6~et~ J.10U J.1S 'tOU~ oui<popou~ J.1uvoupivou~ 'trov K0J.1J.1Cl't"roV. 'E1tetoTt OJ.1ro£'tTtv S1tOXTt SKeiVTJ 1ticr'teuu O"'t"Tt j3ucrtKd ~1ttcr'tTJJ.1~VtKTt<pucrTJ 'trov J.1Up~tcrnKrov K0J.1J.1(l't"rov, .10U J fj:UV aoUVU'tO VU KU'tUAUj3ro, ytd 1tOto AOyO ot dvSpro1tot 'tOU KOJ.1J.1U'tO~ KU'tU1tOAeJ.10\)cruV 'tTtV KOtvroVtKTt s1tiopucrTJ 'tfj~ iu:PtKfj~ J.10U spyucriu~ J.1S'tocrTJ o~u'tTJ'tu, aKptj3ro~ O'tUV 1tAfjSO~ U1tUAATJAOt,j3WJ.1TJxuvtKoi SPYU'te£, J.1tKp06J.11tOPOt,<pOt'tTJ'tS£KA1t. cr~PP6UV yeVe't~crW-OtKOVOJ.1tKd 1tpocrUVU'tOAtcrJ.16Ve~0PYUvrocrgt~, ytu VU aV'tATJcrOUVYVrocret~ ytd 'tTt 1;rov'tuvTt 1;roTJ. M Sd ~eXucrro 1to'ts rov ccspuSpo KUSTJYTJ'tTt» a1tO 'tTt Mocrxu, 1tOU eiXe SpSet cr'td 1928 crs J.1tdv a1tO 'ti~ <pOt'tTJnKS~ OtUAt~et£ J.10U cr'tTt Bt6VVTJ, ytd vd \mocr'tTJpi~et svuv'tiov J.10U«'tTt YPUJ.1J.1Tt KOJ.1'tOU uuroc», '0 dvSpro1to~ Ull't"O~ eIXe OTJArocret, J.1e'tU~U dAAroV, on 't? «oiOt1t~Oew crUJ.11tA~yJ.1U» fj'tuv KUSUPTt j3AUKeiu· osv \mfjpxe reroio 1tpuyJ.1U. AeKU'tecrcrepu XPOVta apYO'tepU, oi ProcrOt cruv't~o<poi rou XUVUV'to uIJ.1u roo; KU'tro a1tO 'td 'tdVK~ 'trov J.1TJXuvoKtVTJ'trov 1tUtOtrov 'to\) <Dupep. 'Qcr'tocro, <pUcrtKoSa fj'tuv va U1tOS6crOUJ.1e, n 'ta K0J.1J.1U'tU o sKeivu 1tOU icrxupi1;ov'tuv 1t(b~ ayrovi1;ov'tat yta 'tTtv avOpro1ttVTJ SAeUSepte, Od 06XOV'tUV J.1E xupa 'tTtv 1tOAt't"tKTt-'IIUXOAOytKTt pyucriu s J.10U.T: apx~lu 'tOU 'Ivcrn'tou't"Ou J.1u~OJ.1ro~J.1a~1teiOOUV, o'tt aKptj3ro~ 'to avnSe'tO cruV6j3UtVe. "Oco J.1eYUAU'tepTJKOtVroVtKTt S1tiopucrTJ aO"KOUcre it spyucriu J.10U ytd 'tTtV OJ.1UOtKTt'l'UxoAoyiu, roco 1ttO j3iUtU fj'tUV 't' av'tiJ.1e'tpU 'trov 1tOAtnKrov 'to\) KO~J.1U'tO~ svuv:iov J.10U. wHOTJ cr'ta 1932 ot crocrtUAtcrnKs~ Kui K0J.1J.10Uvt~nKe~ oPYUvrocret~ cr'tO Bspoxtvo eIxuv a1tuYOPeucret, 1tUp' OAe~ n£ cr<pOOps~ OtUJ.1Up'tupie~ 'trov J.1eAroV 'tOU~, 'tTt OtuOecrTJ 'trov cruyypUJ.1J.1U'trov1tOU OTJJ.1ocrieuuv 'to'te ot «'EK06cret~ reVe'tTJcrtU~ ot, KOVOJ.1iu~». 'EJ.1evu J.1Sa1tetw\)cruv, on Od J.1Ecr'titvuv orov 'tOlXO J.10At~ Oa S1tUtpVe 'tTtv s~oucriu cr'tTt Fspucvtu 0 J.1UP~tcrJ.10~.I:'ta 1932, 1tupd 'tTt S6ATJcrTJ'trov J.1eA.&v roue, ot KOJ.1J.1ouVtcrnKs~oPyuvrocret~ cr'tTt Tepucvtc s~ocr'tpuKicruv 'tou~ Ytu'tpou~ 'ti'i£ YeVe'tTJcrtu£ OiKOVoJ.1iu~ a1tO 'ti~ crUYKeV'tprocret~ rouq, 01tro~ 'tou~ elXev s~ocr'tPUK{cret a1tO 'td 1929-1930 KtOAU~ it uOcr'tptUKTt I:ocrtaAOTJuoxpurfn. Hpooromxd J.1s Otuypu'I'uV Kt a1tO 'ti~ SUo op'yuvrocret~

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J.1S'to utnoAoytKO, on eIXu eicruyuyet cr'to xropo 'tfj£ xotvorvtoAoyiu~ 'tTtV 'A<PPOOtcrWAOyiu Kt sj3yu1;u 'ta crUJ.11tepucrJ.1U'tuJ.10U yta 'titv s1tiopucrTJ 'tTJ~ cr'tit OtUJ.10p<procrTJ 'tfj~ avSpro1ttvTJ~ OOJ.1fj~. Me'tu~u 'to\) 1934-1937, ol a~troJ.1u'to\)XOt 'tou KoJ.1J.1u'to~ fj'tuv 1tUAt sKeiVOt 1tOU S1ttcrTJJ.1uivuv S1tUVetATJJ.1J.16vro~ cr'tou~ <pucrtcrnKOU~ KUKAOU~'ti'i£ Eopro1tTJ~ rov «xtvcovo» 'ti'i~ yeVe'tTJcrta~ oixovOJ.1iu£. To Yeyovo~ Ull't"O elvm U1tOAU'tU'teKJ.1TJptroJ.16VO. cruyTa ypuJ.1J.1u'tu 'tfj£ yeVe'tTJcrtU~ otxovoutcc OEV J.11tOpecrUVva 1tePUcouv 'ta crOj3tenKa ouvopn, (S1tro~aKptj3ro~ OEV J.11tOpecrUVva 'ta nspdoouv 'to 1tAfjSO~ oi 1tpocr<pUye£, 1tOU 1tpocr1tUOoucruv va oroSOUV a1tO 'to yepJ.1UVtKO <pUcrtcrJ.10.Tnv 1tpU~TJ UO'tTt KUVEVUS1ttXeipTJJ.1UOE Sa J.11tOpEcret1tO'tE va 'tit OtKUWAOyTJcret. AO'td 'ta 1tPUYJ.1U'tU,1tOU 'to'te J.10U <puivov'tuv aKU'tUVOTJ'tU, J.10\) yivuv U1tOAU'tro~ KU'tUATJ1t'tU,O'tuv dpxtcru va ~UVUOOUAeUro'tit MaCt')(,-YJlJ'vxoAoyla 7:013 WaCftap,013. Oi OtU1ttcr'trocret~ J.10U ytd 'tit yeVe'tTJcrta OiKOVOJ.1iUeixuv cr'tPtJ.1roX'tei J.1EcrUcr'titv ayopuiu J.1Up~tcrnKTt opoAoyiu, 01tro~ EVU~·SA.E<pU£ J.1scru crE utdv aAe1tOU06rpuzc, wHoTJ, o'tuv cr'ta 1938 S1te~epyu1;OJ.1ouv J.1td V6UV SKOOcrTJ 'tou VeaVtKOU J.10Uspyou YB1lenlato~ ayd)'J!a~ 7:WVVBWV), eixu otumcr'trocret, 1tro~ KUOe A.E~TJ1tOU UVU<pePO'tUVcr'tTt yeVe'tTJcrtU oixovouto eIXe Ota'tTJPTJcret, OX'tro XPOVta J.1e'tU, 'tit crTJJ.1ucriu 'tTJ~· svro KUOe K0J.1J.1UnKOcruvOTJJ.1U,1tOU eIXu crUJ.11teptMj3et cr'to j3tj3Aio J.10U, eIXe ma xucret 'to vOTJJ.1urou, Ao'to icrXUet Kui ytd 'titv rpirr] SKOOcrTJ 'tfj~ op,a~t')(,ij~ 1pVxoAoyla~ 7:0V paCftap,ov. I:TJJ.1ePU SXet md yiVet cr' ()AOU~ <pUVepO, 1tro~ 6 <pucrtcrJ.1o~ OEV slvor spyo EVO~ Xi't"Aep 1'1 Moucoxtvt, aAM 1j e')(,fjJ(!aCJl] 7:* (1AOyl]~ ~op,ij~ 7:0V aydatov avO(!wnov. BAS1tOUJ.1eKUOUpO'tepU crTJJ.1epU,1tUP' (S,n npiv a1to 06KU xPOVtU, nw~ 1j pvkn')(,-YJ Oew(!la elvac {JtoAoyt')(,O~p,va'l:t')(,tap,6~. I:TJJ.1ePU elJ.1ucr'te 1ttO 1tpOe'tOtJ.1UcrJ.1SVOt,yta vd KU'tUAUj30UJ.1erov opyucrnKo 1toOO 'trov J.1u1;rov, 1tUp' o,'tt OSKU XpoVtU npiv, Kui yeVtKa 0 KOcrJ.10~SXet apxicret vd OtatcrOUVe'tat, on 0 fjJaCftan')(,o~p,van')(,tap,o~ elva» lva~ ~uicneofjJo~ n600~ O(!yaCJp,013, lnet~ a')(,et{Jw~ lXet a7:ea{Jwaet ')(,at avaxamcnei 1j lp,pv'l:1] l(!wn~ O(!p,~. Of xpicsu; 'ti'i~ yeVe'titcrtu~ OiKOVoJ.1iu£ ytd 'to <pucrtcrJ.10tcrxuouv 1ttO 1tOAU crTJJ.1epU, 1tupd 1tpiv a1tO OSKU xpOVtu. 'Av'tiSe'tu, ol J.1Up~tO"'t"tKS~ KOJ.1J.1U-

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'tuce~ BVVOtE~ dxuv XPEroK01tTJO"Et Kl 81tPE1tE va Otuypucpol)v apu a1to 'to j3tj3Aio uou KUi. v' av't'1Ku'tuO"'t'u90\)v IlS VEE~. MTJ1tro~ uu'to O"'lllluivEt, on ti oixovouncf 9Eropiu 'to\) llup~tO"Il0\) &tVUl j3UO"tKa O"CPUAEpTJ;ea il9EAU va OtuO"uCP'llviO"ro uU'to 'to tpro't'llIlU 11' ~vu 1tUPUOEtYIlU. ElVUt IlTJ1tro~ O"CPUAEPO 'to IltKPOO"KOmo 'tfj~ t1tOxfj~ 'to\) Ilcorsp Kui Au9SIlEV'll ti uopuv'tAiu, 1tOD KU'tUO"lCEUUO"E AEOVUPV'to N'ta Bivroi; °0 llup~tO"llo~ dvat Ilta oIKO6 vOlltKi} 9Eropiu, 1tOD KU'tUYS'tUt a1to 'ti~ apxs~ KUi. 'ta IlEO"U 'to\) 190u uirovu. 'H xowevlc, ollro~, osv dXE 1tU'I'Et va KtvEi'tUt aAM O"UVEXtt;E 'ti}v KiV'llO"TJ 't'll~ IlEO"U O"'ti} j3UO"tKa 01UCPOPE't'1~~ 1tpoj3uO"'ll 'to\) 2001) ulrovu. MEO"u 0"' uu'ti} 'ti} veu KOtvroVtKi} npoj3uO"'ll j3piO"KOUIlE OAU 'ta KOptU XUPUK't'llPtO"'t'lKa 'to\) 190u uirovu, 01tro~ aKplj3~ j3piO"lCOUIlE O"'to crUYXpovo 1l1KPOO"K01t10 'ti} j3uO"tKl1 001111 'to\) 1tUO"'tEP1KO\) 1l1KPOO"K01t10U Kui O"'ti} crUrxPOV'll MpuuAtKl1 tYKU'tUO"'tUO"'ll 't11 j3UO"tKl1 apXl1 'to\) AEOVUPV't'O Nrd Btvrm. 'llAAa osv ll1toPO\)IlE va KUVOUIlS O"TJIlEPU 1tOAAa 1tPUYIlU'tu Ilt 'to 1l1KPOO"K01tto'to\) ITUO"'tEP, OU'tE Ilt 'tl1V uopuv'tAiu 'to\) AEOVUPV'tO. rEXouv ~E1tEpUO"'t'Ei a1to VEE~ 01U01KUO"iE~ Kui AEt'toupyiE~, 1tOD aV'tu1toKpivov'tut O"t Iltav tV'tEAlO~ veuv aV'tiA'll'l''ll 'tfjc; rsXVtKfj~. Td IlUP~lO"'t'tKa KOllllu'tu 'tfj~ Eupro1t'll~ a1to'tuXuv Kui acpuviO"'t'llKUV COsv 'to Aero XatpeKuKu), t1tEl0i} S1t1XE1P0\)O"UV vd KU'tUAUj30UV 'to cpuO"tO"llo 'to\) 200\) uirovu, evu 'teAE1ro~ veo omvoIlEVO, IlS eVVOtE~ 'to\) 190u uirovu. KU'tUPPEOO"UV O"av xorvorvucsc 6pYUVroo"El~, S1tEtOl1 1tUPUAEi'l'UV va OtU't'llPTJO"OUV t;roV't'UVE~ Kui v' aVU1t'to~OUV 'ti~ S~EA1K't'1KE~ OUVUIlEt~, 1tOD 1tEpteXEl Ku9E S1t10"'t'llIlOV1Ki} Bscoplu. .M IlE'tUVlroVro 1tOD Yla XPOV1U SPYUo"'t'llKU ro~ Y1U'tPO~ O"'t'i~ IlUP~lO"'t'1KE~ 6pyuvroo"Et~. rEXro KEpoiO"El 'ti~ KOtvroVtoAOY1Ke~ 1l0U YVroo"El~ 0Xl a1tO j31j3Aiu, aAAa Kupiro~ am) 'tl1V 1tpUK'ttKi} O"UllflE't0XTJ 1l0U oroi»; aylOvE~ 1tOD dxuv avuAuj3Et oi av9pro1ttVE~ llut;E~ yta 1l1aV a~tu SAE69EP'll {51tUp~'ll. Oi KUAO'tEPE~ a1to'l'Et~ 1l0U yta 'ti} YEVE'tTJO"tU obcovouto 1tpoepxov'tut aKptj3~ a1to 'ta 01UVO'll't'tKa AolJfj 1tOD KUVUV ot i01E~ UU'tE~ oi llut;E~, Au9'll 1tOD 'tOD~ cpepuv KU'tom 't11 CPUO"to"'t'1Ki} 1tUVroA'll. I:a 'Y1u'tpo~ dxu rov 'tP01tO va 1tA'llO"tuO"ro'tov spyut;oJlSvo av9pro1t0 fl8 'ti~ Ku9'llIlEptve~ ron eyvotE~, 01tro~ Kuvsi~ 1tOA1't'tKO~ 'to\) KOIlIlu'to~. '0 1tOA1't'tKO~ 'tol) K6J.lJ.lu't0~ ej3AE1tE J.lovo «'ti}v SpyU'ttKi)

'tU~'ll», 1tOD il9EAE va 'tfj~ «sIlCPUO"TJO"Et'tU~tKi} ()"\)VE~O'llO"'ll)}.'Eyoo Sf3AE1tU 'to Cwov-av()ewno, 1tOD &txs 1tEP11tEo"Et ca K01VroVtKE~ O"UV9fjKS~ 'to\) XElpiO"'tou Eioou~, O"UV9fjKE~ 1tOD 'ti~ etXS 0'll1l10UpyTJO"El 6 iOlO~, 1tOD 'ti~ KOUj3UAO\)O"EaYKupof3oA'llIlEVE~ sv'to~. 'tOU, Kui 1tOD IlU'tU1U 1tpoO"1tUeO\)O"s va 'ti~ a1t0't'1VU~E1Kui va SAEU9EPro9Ei. To XUO"IlU avullEO"u O"'tl1V olxovouucn Kui'tit j3to-K01VroVlOAOY1Kl1 9Eropiu SY1VS ayscpupro'to. I:'ti} «9Eropiu 'to\) 'tU~tKO\) av9pro1tOU» av't'11tupU'tUX't'llKS ti aJ..oY'YJ cpuO"'ll 'tfj~ xowevtcc 'to\) t;roou «av9pro1t0~». I:TJIlEpu 6 Ku9EVU~ ~epEl, O't'1 oi IlUP~lO"'t'tKE~ ~IKo~ollt~E~ 9sropis~ exouv OtU1tO'tiO"Sl xt S1t'llPEUO"St, Aiyo-1tOAU, rn O"KE'I''ll 'tfj~ O"uYXpov'll~ av9pro1to't'll'tu~ - 1tOAD O"UXVU IlUA10"'tU Xropi~ vu ()"\)VE10'll't01tOl0\)V oi SKUO"'tO'tS OIKovollOAOYOl Kui K01VroVl0AOYOl a1to 1tOl0V KU'tuYOV't'at ol a1to'l'Et~ 'tOU~. rEVVotE~ 01tro~: «'tu~'ll)}, «KEPOO~», «SKIlS'tUAAsuO"'ll», «'tU~lKit 1tUA'll», «SIl1t°PSUIlU» Kui «\)1tEpu~iu» SXOUV ma yiVEt KOtvO K'tfjIlU 'tlOv av9pro1trov. 'AV'tieE'tU, OEV {muPXEt O"TJIlSpu KUVEVU KOIlIlU, 1tOD va ll1topsi va 9EroP'll9Ei teA'llpovoIlO~ Kui srov'tuvo~ SK1tpOO"ro1tO~ 'to\) S1ttO"'t'll1l0V1KO\) IlUP~10"1l0\); sKsi 1tOD 6 AOyO~ Y1U OEoollEVU KOtvroV1KlOV S~EAi~srov j3Ef3atU, Kui oxt yta O"uv9TJllu'tU, 1tOD OE O"ull1ti1t'touv 1t1a IlE 'to 1tEP1ExoIlEVO. I:'ta XPOV1U 1937 ero~ 1939 avu1t'tux9'llKS 6 VEO~ opo~: «eeyo(j'YJfl-o'Xearla)). 'R'tph'll SKOOO"'ll 'tfj~ 'Ofl-ac5t'Xij~ PvxoAoyla~ rov tPa(]£(Jfl-OV 1tEP1EXSt 'titv 1tupouO"iuO"'ll 'tlOv KU~lroV" XUPUK't'llPtO"n~lOV uu'tO\) 'to\) vsou K01VroVl0AOY1KO\) OpOU. 0 opoc 1tEP1Aullf3UVSt 'tU KUAU'tEPU KOtvroVl0AOY1Ka SUPTJIlU'tU 'to\) IlUp1;,10"1l0\), 1tOD iO"Xoouv aKoll'll xcl O"TJIlEPU. Tuu't0XPOVU, O"UVU1t?AoyiSE1, 'ti~ KOtvroVl0AOY1Kt<; aAAUYE<;, 1tOD O"UV'tEAEO"'t'llKUVO"'tOV «SPYU't'll» IlEO"U O"'ta 'tEASU'tuiu SKU'tO XPOVta. aEpro a1tO nslpu, 1tOO<; i «110o VU01KOi SK1tPOO"ro1tOl 'tfj<; spyU't'1a~», ol 1tP0'llYOUIlEVOl Kui ol S1tOusvot «tiye'ts<; 'to\) 1tUYKOO"lllOU 1tPOAS'tUptU'tOU» 9a slvct aKptj3lO<; SKEivot 1tOD 9u 1tOAEIlTJO"OUV&<; «CPUO"lO"'t'1KTJ»,«'tPO'tO"K10"'t'1KTt», «aV'tE1tUVUO"'t'unKi}» KA1t., uU'tl1 'tl1V 1tPOEK'tUO"'ll 'tfj<; K01VroV1Kfj<; SVVOta<; «SPYU't'll<;». "Ollro~, SpyU'tE~ 1tOD a1tOKAE10UV a1to 'ti~ 6pyUVroO"Sl~ 'tOU<; 'tou<; Ntypou<; Kui cptpOV'tat O"U Xl'tASpUK'llOE~, OEV 'tOD<; 1tPE1tEl va 9EroPO\)V't'at 9EIlSA10)'t'E~ Ilta~ VEU~ EAE69sp'll<;

32
3. 'H paCL"TJ tpvxo),oyla Toii rpaGlupoii

33

xoivorvtcc. "H «Xt'tA&pia» ()E O"taJla'ta&t O"'ta ouvopn 'to!) Va.t;to"'ttKO!)kOJlJla'tOe; Kat die; r&PJlav(ae;' 'tpt>1tOOV&t JleO"a O"tie; epya'ttKEe; opyavooO"&te; 't(J)v q>tA&A&69&pcov Kat 't(J)v ()1')JlOKpa'ttK(J)v KUKAcov "0 q>amO"JlOe;()EV &tvat 1tOAt'ttKO KOJlJla' &tvat Jlta 6ptO"Jlev1') ~tO~ 9&copia Kai 't01t0ge't1')0"1') (L1tEVav'tt orov iiv9pco1tO, 'tOY epco'ta Kai 'tT)V epyaO"ia. 'EsaAAov, 1') 1tP01tOA&JltKT) 1tOAt'ttKT) 'troY ucpStO"ttKroV KOJlJla'tcov &tvat 1tta S&1t&paO"JlEV1')'()EV eX&t Kaveva JleAAov. ' AKPt~&c; l>1tCOe; eO"~1')O"& J.1&O"a "'tT)v'ljfVxavaAv'ttKT) opyaO vcoO"1')1') EVVOta «y&v&'tTJma evepy&ta», yta va savay&vv1')9&i ()Vva'tT) Kai vea JlE 'tT)v avaKaAV'ljf1') 'to!) opyovtOV, s'tm Kat 1') EVVota (<1taYK60"Jlto~ epya't1')e;» xa91')K& JleO"a O"ta JlapstO"'ttKa K6JlJla'ta, Kai avaO"'tatv&'tat 1taAt JlEO"a O"ta 1tAaiO"ta 'tile; KOlVCOVtKile; y&V&'tTJmae; otxovoutec. rta'tt 'to epyo 'tfle; y&v&'tTJmae; olxovoutcc uovo J.1&O"a 1tAaima OAcov 'troY KOtVCOVtKUavaYKaicov epycov O"'ta Jl1top&i va &b()OKtJlTJO"&t, ai lSXt ~e~ata JlEO"aO"'ta 1tAaima 'tfle; av'tt K ?paO"ttKile; 1tapa1tAav1')JlEV1')e;Kai 1tapa1tAav1')'ttKfle; iiv&pne; ~coile;. H y&v&'t1')mO-OtKOVOJltKT) KOtVcovtOAoyia Y&VVTJ91')K&a1tO 'tT)v 1tpoO"1ta9&ta va evapJloVtO"t&i 1') 'ljfvxoAoyia 'to!) ~a90ve; 'to!) cI>~OVV't Kat 1') OiKOVOJltKT) ()t()aO"KaAia 'to!) Maps. IIapoPJl1')'ttKEe; Kat KOtvcoVtKEe;-oiKOVOJltKEe; ()t(l()tKaO"i&e; 1tpoo'()topi~ovv 'tT)V av9poo1ttv1') U1tapS1'). ·OJlCOe;1tpe1t&t v' a1tOKpouO"OVJl& 'tie; eKA&K'ttKEe; eK&iv&e; a1t61t&tp&e;, 1tOU O"l)v'tatpta~ovv aiJeaip&'ta «6PJleJlq>v'to» Kai «otxovoutc». "H y&v&'tT)ma-oiKOvOJltKT) xowevioxoyia avatpd 'tT)V aV'tiq>aO"T), 1tOU eKaV& 'tT)v 'ljfvxavaAvO"1') vu S&xaO"&t 'tOY KOtVCOVtKO 1tapayov'ta Kai 'to JlapStO"Jlo 'tT) ~COtKT) 1tPOEA&vO"1')to!) av9poo1tov. ·01tCOe;'to EXCOeKq>paO"&t Kai aAAo!) : ' 1') 'ljfv~avaAvO"1') &tvat 1') Jl1')'tepa, 1') KOtVcovlOAoyia 0 1ta'tEpae; 'tfje; Y&V&'t1')mae; olxovoutcc. 'AAAu 'to 1tat()i &Ivat Ka'tt 1t&ptO"O"o't&PO a1to 'to ii9potO"Jla 't(J)v YOvtrov. Elvat ~va YEO, av&sap't1')'to ~cov'tavo lSv, Jl' ~va ()tK6 roo JlSAAov. l:uJlq>co~a ~E 'tT) y&v&'t1')mo-otlWVOJltKT) O"1')JlaO"ia 'tfle; EVVOtae; «epyaO"ta» &ytvav ot ssfle; aAAaYEe; O"'tT)v 6poAoyia 'to!) ~t~Aiov. Ol opOt «KOJlJlOVVtO"'ttKOe;», «O"omaAtO"'ttK6e;», «'taStKU O"l)V&t()1')'t6e;~ KA1t., aV'ttKa'taO"'ta91')Kav JlE opove; KOtvCOvtKU Kai 'ljfvXOAOytKa Jlov60"1')JloVC;,l>1troc;«E1tavaO"'ta'ttK6e;», «eAAoya ()paO"tTJptOe;», «pt~00"1taO"ttK6e;».

AiJ'tEe; ol aAAay&e; oq>&lAov'tat O"'to y&yovoe; o'tt O"TJJl&pa()EV elvm mu 'tu KOIlJlOVVtO"'ttKU Kat 'tU O"omaAtO"'ttKu KOJlJla'ta 1tOU KaAA\&PYo!)v 'to E1tavaO"'ta'ttKo 1tv&!)Jla, aAA' aKpt~roe;, a' o.rd()sa'Tj neo~ av1'a, 1toAMe; o.-noJ..m"B~ 6Ila()&e;, Kat KOtVcoVtKU O"'tpOOJla'ta OACOV 'troY 1tOAt'ttKrov U1tOXPOOO"&COV apxi~ovv v' a1tOK'tO!)V E1taVaO"ta'ttKT) voo'tpo1tia, 1tOU 9u 1t&i o'tt em9vJlo!)v JltU Pt~tKU vea eAAOY1') ()tappu9JltO"1') 'tile; Kotvcoviae;. ~EX&t mu yiv&t Ka90AtKT) KOtVCOVtKT)O"VV&l()1')O"1'), 61l0Aoyo!)v liAAcoO"'t& Kai au'tot aKOJl1') 't' ol 1taAatot 1toAt'ttKoi 'troY aO"'ttKrov KOIlJla'tcov - o'tt 0 KOO"JlOe;, Il& 'tOY ayoova roo evav'tiov 'to!) q>amO"Jlo!) eX&t 1ttU Jl1t&i O"'to orpo~tAO IltUe; 't&paO"'ttae; 1taYKoO"Jltae; snavaa-ran"ijf: Jl&'ta~oAfje;. Ol AtS&te; «1tpoA&'taptOe;» Kai (<1tpoA&'taptaKoc;» dxav ()ta'tv1tco9&i 1tpiv a1to SKa'to Xpovta, ytU vu xapaK't1')piO"ovv JltUV eV't&Aroe; a()tK1')JlBV1') Il&pi()a 'tfje; Kotvcoviae;, JltU Jla~a S&1t&O"Jlev1') t Esax 9Atcollev1'). Nai Jl&V tl1tapxovv aKOJl1') Kai O"TJIl&pa'tE'tOt&e; av9poo1ttV&e; OJla()&e;, aAM 'tu ()to"Eyyova 'troY 1tpoA&'taptcov 'to!) 190v aioova EXOVV yiv&t eS&t()tKWJ.1EVOt, 't&XVtKU 1tp01')YJlevot, a1tapai't1')'tOt, tl1t&u9vvot {3wp'TjXavt"ol seya1'sf: PB UV'JIst~'TjG1J 1'ov "J..a~ov 1'OVf:. l:'tT) 9Eo"1') 'to!) opov ((1'a~t"~ I1V'JIst~a'Tj)) Jl1taiv&t 0 opoe; (("J..a{Jt"~ uvvsM'Tju'Tj)) ft (("otyWVt"~ e-v()Vvrj)). l:'to JlapStO"Jlo 'to!) 190v aioova 6 opoe; «'tastKT) o"VV&l()1')O"1')>> a1tO()t()6'tav a1toKA&tO"'ttKU 0"'t0 xSteo-rexYrJ. Ol Epya~oll&Vot, oJlCOe;, 0"' liAAa ~co'ttKtl e1tayyeAJla'ta, 1tOU xcopie; au'tu ()E 9u Jl1tOpo!)O"& vu A&t'tovPYTJO"&t f) xoivovic, Ka'ta'taX't1')KaV oo~ «()tavoouJl&VOt» ft «JltKpoaO"toi» a1tevav'tt O"'to «X&tpCOvaK'ttKo 1tpoA&'tapta'to». Au'tT) 1') O"X1')Jla'ttKT) Kai O"TJIl&pa liO"toX1') av'tt1tapa9&0"1') oovspy1')O"&oumaO"'ttKu 0"'tT)ViK1') 'to!) q>aO"tO"Jlo!)0"'tT) Tspprrvin. "0 opoe; «'taStKT) O"vv&i()1')O"1')>> ()EV slvrn uovo 1tOAU O"'t&VOe;,aAAu ()E O"vll1ti1t't&t KtlV JlE 'tT) ()OJlT) 'tile; X&tpcovaSiae;. Ttauro, 1') «~tOJl1')xaVtKT) EpyaO"ia» Kai 6 «1tpoA&'taptOe;» av'ttKa'taO"'ta91')Kav Jl& 'toue; opove; ~CO'ttKfJ, (({3wuvv1''Tje'Tjn~ seyaaLW) Kai ((0 eeya1;6peYof:)). Ol ()UO aU'toi oPOt 1t&ptexovv 8J..ovf: 1'OVf: qJtJ..eeYOVf:, nov Snt1'sJ..oVvpiaa U-r7IV"otvwvta 1" o.vay"aia yta 1'-YJ 1;w~ leya. Evvsnwf:, ()i1tAa O"toue; ~tOIl1')xavtKoUe; epya't&e;, 'toue; yta'tpoue;, 'toue; 1tat()aycoyoue;, 'toue; 't&XVtKOUe;, 'toue; epyaO"'t1')PtaKOUe; Epya't&e;, 'toile; O"vyypaq>&ie;, 'toue; KOtVcovtKOUe;A&t'tovpyoue;, 'toue; y&copyoue;, 'toue;

35 34

t1ttO'tT]J.10vtKOUe; spya'tEe;, K'tA. "Erot, UiPE'tUt 'to xaO"J.1U, 1tOU elXE 'tOO"O 1tOAU O"UV'tEAEO"Et 0"'tT] OtaO"1tuO"T] 'tf'je; Epyu1;oJ.1EVT]e; uv9pro1ttvT]e; xotvoivtuc, Kui J.1u1;i, O"'tT]V S1ttKpa'tT]O"T] 'tou q>UcrtO"J.1ol) J.1UUpOU ft KOKKtVOU. , 'R J.1UP~tO"'t'tKT] KOtVOlVtoAOyiu, U1tO liyvotu 'tf'je; 0J.1UOtKf'je; 'l'UXOAoyiue;, 't01t09E'tT]O"E 'tOV «UO"'tO» U1tEVUV't't O"'tOV «1tPOAE'tUptO». Al:J't'O elvci 'l'UXOAOytKO Au90e;. 'R XUPUK'tT]pOAOytKT] OOJ.1T]oev 1tpoO"tOtU1;Et uovo O"'tOV KEq>UAUtoKpU'tT]' S1tt[3UAAE'tUt roi rrroix; spyu1;OJ.1EVOUe; 0"' OAU 'ta S1tUYYEAJ.1U'tU. 'Y 1tUPXOUV SAEU9EPOq>tAOt KEq>UAUtoKpU'tEe;, Kui uV't'topuccucoi SpyU'tEe;. ,de'll vnaexov'V xaea"-rrJeOAoyt,,a -ra~t"a C1V'VOea. rtuu'to uV't'tKu'tuO"'tu9T]KUV oi olxovouucoi OPOt «Uo"'t'tKT] 'tU~T]» Kui «1tPOAE'tUptU'tO» J.1S roi»; XUPUK'tT]pOAOYtKOUe; opoue; «S1tUVUO"'tU't'tKOe;» ft «SAEU9EpOq>tAOe;». TT]v aAAUYT] Ul:J't'T]'tT]V eXEt S1ttI3UAEt it q>UO"tO"'t'tKT] 1tUVroAT]. '0 OtUAEK't'tKOe; OAtO"J.10e;, 1tOU 0 "Evy-;eeAq eXEt UVU1t'tU~Et 'ta KUptU XUpUK'tT]PtO"'t'tKU roo O"'to O"uYYPUJ.1J.1u rou «'Av'ti-NmptYK», S~EAio"o"E'tUt O"S eveeYrJ-rt"'" Oeweta -rijq Aet-roveytaq. AO'tT] it neeab:eefJ S~EAt~T] Ku'top9ro9T]KE XUpT] O"'tT]V UVUKUAU'I'T] 'tfje; [3toAoytKfje; SVEpYEtae;, 'tol) opyoVtoU (1936-1939). 'R KOtvOlVtOAOyiu xui it 'l'uxoAoyiu U1tOK'tT]O"UV lhcrt evu O"'tEPEO [3toAOytKO 9EJ.1EAto. MUl rsrotu S~EAt~T] Oev J.11tOpoI)O"E va J.1T]v S1tT]PEUo"Et 'tT] O"lCE'I'T]. Me 'tT]V S~EAt~T] 'tfje; O"KE'I'T]e;, UAA.a1;ouv oi 1tUAtSe; evvotEe;, VEEe; eVVOtEe; 1tuipvouv 'tT] 9EO"T] EKeiVOlV, 1tOD UXPllO"'tEU'tT]KUV. '0 J.1Up~tKOe; opoe; «ouveidnon» uv't'tKu'tuO"'tu9T]KE Jle 'tOV opo «OUVUJ.1tKT] oOJ.1T]», ot «UVUYKEe;» J.1S 'tOV opo ((Oeyo'Vop,t"eq 1pvxoeP,fJ-req ~ta~t"aC1teq))" it «1tUPUOOO"ll» J.1s 'tov opo «l3toAoytKT] xui XUPUK'tT]POA?ytKT] oUO"KuJ.1'1'iU» K'tA. K'tA. 'R KOlVOXPT]O"'tll J.1Up~tO"'t'tKT] eVVOtU «U'tOJ.1tKT] iOtoK'tllO"iu» elXE 'tOO"O 1tUPEPJ.1T]VEU'tEi U1tO 'tT]V uAoyiu 'trov UV9pro1tOlV, mO"av ft EAEU9Epta S~EAt~T] 'tfje; xowovtc; vd O"T]J.1UtVE 'tT]V KU'tUPYllO"ll "aOe U'tOJ.1tKfje; IOtoK'tT]O"iue;. Ao'to q>ucrtKa 'to EKJ.1E'taAAEU'tllKE Ku'ta KOPOV ft 1tOAt't'tKT] uv'tiopuO"ll· wOJ.1Ole;,ft UVEAt~ll 'tfje; xowoiVtKfje; Kui 'tfje; U'tOJ.1tKf'je; SAEU9Epiue; osv eXEt rtnora U1tOAU'tOle; va KUVEt J.1s 'tT] AEy0J.1Evll «KU'tUPYllO"ll 'tf'je; a'tOJ.1tKf'je; iOtoK'tT]O"iue;». 36

.0 J.1Up~tKOe; opoe;

«U'tOJ.1tKT] tOtOK'tllO"iu» OSV UVUq>EPO'tUV O"'ta 1tOUKUJ.1tO"U, 1tUV'tEAOVtU, ypuq>OJ.1T]XUVEe;, XUP'ti. 'tol) U1t01tu'tou, I3tl3Aiu, KPEI3U't'tU, otsovoutsc, Ku'tOtKlEe; ft uypO'tEJ.1UXtU 'troY UV9pro1tOlV. '0 opoe; uO'toe; uq>OpOl)o"E U1tOKAEtO"'t'tK<l 'tT]v IOtOl't'tKT] K''tT]0"T] 'trov "ot'Vw'Vt"w'V 1tUPUYOlytKroV J.1EO"OlV,1tOU Ku90pi1;ouv 'tT] YEVtKT] 1topEiu 'tf'je; xowevtcc: S1tOJ.1EVOle;: 'toue; O"tOT]pOO~OJ.10ue;, 'ta MPUUAtK<l Kui 1)AEK'tptKa epyu, 'ta O~,uXeiU K'tA: R «KOtVOlVtK01toiT]O"T] 'trov 1tUPUYOlytKroV J.1EO"OlV» EytVE it 1tE'tPU tOU O"KuvMAOU, E1tEtOT] J.11tEpOEU'tT]KE J.1S 'tTtV «U1tuAAo'tpiOlO"ll 'tf'je; u'tOJ.1tKiie; IOtoK'tllO"iue;» 'trov OPVieOlV, 1tOUKUJ.1tO"OlV, I3t13AiOlv, Q"1tt't'trov K'tA., 01t0le; tuiptu1;E O"'tTtV iOEOAOyiu 'trov «liKAT]POlV». 'R KPUttK01toiT]O"T] 'trov KOtVOlVtKroV J.1EO"OlV1tupuYOlyiie; eXEt 1tEptopiO"Et tT]V iOtOl't'tKTt K'tT]O"T] 'toue; 0"' OAEe; 'tie; KEq>UAutoKpu't'tKSe; XropEe; - 1tol) Aiyo, 1tol) 1tOAU - uO'ta 'ta 'iEAEU'tUiJ:1 SKU'tO XpoVtu. 'E1tEtOT] OJ.1Ole;of spyu1;OJ.1EVOl OSV Ku'top90l0"UV va 1tpoO"upJ.1oO"ouv tT] oOJ.1T] rooq Kui 'tTtV SAEU9EPOl't'tKT] roo; MvuJ.1T] O"'tTtV 'tEPUO"'t'tU UVU1t't'U~ll 'tfje; KOtVOlVtKiie; oPyuvOlO"lle;, UVEAUI3E 'to «KPU'tOC;» tie; AEt'tOupyiEe; sxstvec, 1tOD 1tpoopi1;ov'tuv oOO"tuO"'t'tKa yta 'tTtV «KOtVOlViu» 'trov spyU1;OJ.1EVOlV UV9pro1tOlV. ~'tT] ~O[3tE't'tKT] POlO"iu, uo'tT] 'tTtV o1to't't9EJ.1EVll «'AKP01tOAT]» 't01) J.1Up~tO"J.1ol), OU'tE A6yoe; va yiVE'tat I3El3utU yta (("ot'Vw'Vt"onolfJC1fJ» 'trov J.1EO"OlV 1tUPUYOlyfje;. Td J.1Up~tcr't'tKa KOJ.1J.1U'tU J.11tEpOE'I'UVE Q1tAroe; 'tie; eVVOlEe; «KOt VOlVtK01toillO"T]» Kui «Kpu't'tKo1toillO"T]»· Tou'toe; 0 1tOAEJ.10e; eOEt~E OJ.1Ole;,o't't Kui it UJ.1EptKUVtKTt KU[3EpVT]O"tj eXEt 'to otKuiOlJ.1U Kui 'tT] ouvu'to'tT]'tu va KPU't'tK01tOtT]O"Et sPyoO"'tuO"tUKSe; J.10VUOEe;, 1tOD os AEt'tOUPYouv KUAU. 'R "ot'Vw'Vt"OnotrJC1rJ 'trov KOtVOlVtKroV J.1EO"OlV1tUpUYOlyf'je;, it J.1E'tU'tp01tT] roo; U1tO tOtOK'tllO"iu J.1EptKroV U'tOJ.1OlV O"S KOlVOlVtKO K'tiiJ.1U, OSV KUVEt O"T]J.1EPU'tOO"O 'tPOJ.1EpT] EV'tU1tOlO"ll, O'tUV O"UAAOytcrtei Kuveie;, O't't s~ut'tiuc; 'tol) 1tOAEJ.10U OSV U1tOJ.1EVOUV 1tupa SA.aXtO"'tOt uVE~uP'tll'tot IOtoK'tf'j'tEe; O"'tie; KEq>UAutoKpu't'tKSe; xropEe;, svro UV'ti9E'tU \mupxouv 1toAAoi cruAAoytKoi iOtoK'tf'j'tEe;, 01tOAOYOt O"'to KpU'tOe;. ~'tT] ~Ol3tE't'tKTt Pcooic S~UAAOU 'ta K()tVOlVtKa sPY0O"'tuO"tU OSV ta OtuxEtpi1;ovtat ot epyu'tec; roix, uAM OtUq>OpEe; oJ.1UOEe; U1tO KpU't'tKOUe; AEt'toupyoue;.

•H "ot'Vw'Vt"OnotrJC1rJ -rw'V "ot'Vw'Vt"6)v p'BC1W'Paeaywyijq n

7:o-re p,o-

37

'JIOOa el'JIat <5v'JIa.o'JIaneaypa.onot'YjOBi, o.a'JI Oa exov'JI Wetpaaet <5opt;ea ol pa!;er; .W'JI leya!;6pe'JI(j)'JI, <5'YjAaMjo.a'JI Oa aV'JIet<5'Yj'on0t17aov'JI, ncOr; av.er; lxov'JI dJ'JI wOV'JI'fj'JIa.a &ot;e~aov'JI. LijllEpa, em'] llEyaAT( 'tOUC;1tAEto'l'T(<pia of llasEC; OU'tE SSAOUV, OU'tE sIvat roPtllEC; v' avaAapouv eva 'tS'toto EPYO. Kai Kan UAAO: Muz KOtvcovtKo1toiT(crT( llEyaAcov epyocr'taataK&v SltlXEtpijcrECOV, lie 'tiJv EVVOta O'tt Sa 'tic; OtEUSuvouv llOVO of XEtpcovaK'ttlcoi spya'tEC;, xcopiC; va crullllE'tSXouv cr'tiJ OtoiKT(crT( of 'tEXVtKOi, llT(xavtKoi, OtEUSUV'tEC; K'tA., sIvat KOl,VCOVtoAOytKa ai OLKOVOlltKauotavoT('to. K Kt athoi aKolla of XEtpWvalC'tEC; EV'tps<pouv 'tS'tOtEC;iOSEC; rijllEpa. O c "'Av oev i'j'tav hat 'ta 1tpaYlla'ta, rots 'ta llapStcr't'tlCa lColllla'ta Sa sIxav 1tpO 1tOAAOUlCa'talC'tijcrEt 1tav'to\) 'tiJv f:Soucria. Au'toC; sIvat 6 ICUptO'tEPOC; C0tvCOVtOAOytlCoC; 1 MyoC;, 1t0t'> TJ iotconlCiJ olxovouic 'to\) 190u aiwva llE'ta'tpS1tE'tat 1taV't'o\) OAO Kai 1tEptcrcrO'tEPO cre ICE<paAatolCpa't'llCl] 1tPoypallllanlCl] obcovouiu 'tOU xpcrooc. TIPS1tEt va 'to 1tOUllEKaSapa lCai sacr'tEpa, on Kai cr'tl] LOptEnlCl] Peete OBV01taPXEt ICpanlCoc; crocrtaAtcrll0C;, uAM ;eean,q ;eecpaAaw;eea.la· av.o pe dJ'JI aM''Yjea pae~tan;eij b'JIota. Ka'ta rov Maps, io 1C0tVCOVtICO lCaSEcr'troc;«1C8<paAatOlCpa'tia» oev EYICEt'tat, 01tCOC; mo-rsuouv of ayopaiot llapStcr'tsC;, cr'to YEYOVOC; on \)1tapxouv 1C8<paAato\)XOt, aAA' on f:ltllCpa'tEi 6 EiOtICa «ICE<paAatolCpanlCoc; 'tP01tOC; 1tapaycoyi'jc;». ~ T(Aaoij, TJ lpnoeevpan;eij olxovoula aV'ti 'ti'jc; «XPT(crnKi'jc; otxovoutuc», TJ lltcrSCO'tl] spyacria 'troY av8pwltlvcov llas&v, lCai TJ 1tapaycoyl] f)1tEpasiac;, uotaoopo, liv aU'tl] TJ o1tEpasia ro<pEAEi'to ICpa'toc; na'JIw a1tO 'tl]v xowovtu, ii 6ptcrllSVOUC; KE<paAatolCpa'tEC;, 1t0t'> cr<pE't8pisov'tat 'tiJv 1C0tVCOVtICiJ 1tapaycoyij. M' au'tl] 'tl]V aucr'tT(pa llapstlCiJ EVVOta, f:saKOAouSEi va ll1taPX8t cr'tl] LOptEnlCiJ Pmoto 'to ICE<paAatOlCpanlCo crucr'tT(lla. Kci Sa f:saICOAOuSEi va ll1tapXEt, e<pocrov Sa f:saICOAOUSO\)V lla~EC; va pacravi1;oV't'at U1tO 'tOV 1tapaAoytcrllo lCai of 'tiJv apxollavia, 01tCOC; crijllEpa.
<H YEvE'tT(crto-OtICOVOlltlCiJOOlltlCiJ 'l'uxoAoyia 1tpocrSS'tEt rdipn cr't'iJv olxovouncf aV'tiAT('I'T( 'ti'jc; xorvoivicc; 'tl] xapalC'tT(pOAoytlCl] Kai f3toAOytlCij. To YEYOVOC;, on cr'tl] Pmotc 1tapallEpicr'tT(lCav of ICE<paAatouXOtdlC;a'tolla xci lCaStopU8T(1C8 ICpanlCoc; KE<paAato6

38

I. 'H i~EOA.o'Yia ch~ UA.lKi) ~6vaJ11l

1. eH ()UIO'tClO'll To YSPIlClVtlCO S1taVa(HanlCO !Civ11llanpiv U1tOtOV XitA.Sp crt11ptsotav crtilv oixovouucn xci lCOtvroVtlCil sropia tOU Kae)., Mae~. 9 na va lCataA.c:l~oUJ.lsA.Ot1tOV YSPllaVtlCO q>acrtcrllo, 9a 1tPE1tSt to 1tPo11YOUIlEvroe; EXOUIlSlCataA.c:l~st to Ilap~tcrllo. vd ,AIlEcrroe; Ilsta tilv lCatc:lA11'l'l1 tiie; s~oucriae; a1to tOV S9VtlCOcrOcrtaAtcrllo crtit Tapuuvin, unopotics lCavde; va Ota1ttcrtrocrSt, moe; sIxav uPXicrst v' ullq>t~c:lAOUV, uv,;tav 11 oXt op9il fJ ~acrtlCil uVti~l1'l'l1 tOU Map~ yta to xoivevuco yiyvscr9at, ulColl11 lCai xstvoi, 1tOU yta xpovta tropa s{Xav a1toosi~st EIl1tpalCta tilv s1tavacrtanlCll rooc 1tpocrllArocr11lC' StOtllot11ta. Ol ullq>t~oAisC; autSe; ~S1civ11crav U1tO to lCatapxiJv oXatavo11to, uAA' avallq>tcr~llt11tO ysyovoe;: on 6 q>acrtcrll0C;,1tOU U1tO til q>ucr11 tOU lCai tOUe; crlC01tOUC; ,;tav 6 mo ulCpaioe; elC1tpocrro1tOe; tOU tiiC; xoivoivtlCiie; xui 1toAtttlCiie; avtiopacr11e;, sIxs ma yivst 1taYlCocrlltOq>atvouevo, lCai crs 1tOAAEc;xffipse; Ilc:lAtcrta sIxs \)1tspq>aAayyicrst q>avspa xt aotc:l'l'sucrta to crocrwAtcrttlc6 s1tavacrtanlCo xtvnuu, To 1tp6~A11lla ytv6tav O~UtSpO U1tOto ysyovoC;, on to qxnvouevo auto ,;tav 1tOAU 6lC011AO mo crtie; ~toll11xaVtlCa 1tP011YIlEVSe; xffipse;. To 1taYlCocrllto q>ouVtrolla tOU s9vtlCtcrilou ouvodsuornv a1to tilv a1totUxia tOU tpyanKou KtvTlIlatOe;' Kai tOUtO, crt Ina q>c:lcr11 tiie; cruYXPOV11e; cropicc, 1tOU ol Ilap~tcrtte; til xapaKtllptsav I «oixovouucd ffiptll11 yta tilv uvatpo1til tOU lCsq>aAatolCpanlCou tP01tOU 1tapayroyiie;». 'Em1tpocr9sta, fJ U1tOtuXia aim'! avappimss tilv 1ttlCPil aVc:lllv11cr11iie; u1totuxiac; tiie; 'EpyanKiie; ~tSt 9voue; crtie; uPxEe; tOU rcpdrrou 1taYKocrlll0U 1tOAEIlOU tiie; xutuKai crtoAiic; tOU epyanKou KtvllllatOe; e~ro U1tOtilProcria crra 1918-23. "Erot, ol &1lq>t~oAise;yta tiJv op96r11ta tiie; llap~tKiic; 9sropiae; ~SlCtvOucrav a1to ysyovota ~apucrllJlavta. "A v AOt1tOVTjtav StKatoAoY11IlEVSe;oi &1lq>t~oAise;,uv ,;tav 1tpc:lYllan A.av9acrIlSVSe; ol ~acrtlCte; uvnAll'l'Ste; tOU Map~ - tors to epyanKo xivnuc
40

41

xpsta1;;o"tav EVa pt1;;uco uva1tpocravatOA.tcrllO, iiv fl9sA.s vu 1tStUXSl\ tOUe; crtOXOue; rou ... Av owoe; fjtav uf3acrtllse; of ullCPtf3oA.ise;,iiv of /3arIl"eq lCOtVCOVtoA.oyucee; i3tse; tOU Map~ fjtav op9te;, tOts xpsta1;;otav lltaOts~o3tlCT] 1tOA.U1tA.SUPTJ uvaA.ucrTJ troy ahirov, 1tOU 1tpOlCaA.Oucrav tie; cruvsxsie; u1totuxise; tou EpyanlCOU lCtVijlla'toe;· lCat lCan neptcoorspo : fj'tav UVaYlCTJ d cproncr'tsi lCai va v e~TJYTJ9si aU'tT] 1') vsorponn J.lEcra cr'tT]V Icroptn 6J.la3tlCT] lCivTJcrTJ 'tOU CPacrtcrllou. Movo U1tO llta rsroin 3tacraCPTJcrTJ9a ll1tOpoucrs va 1tPOlCUl.JlSt.lta YEa E1t~vacr'tanlCT] 1tpa~TJ. J 'AcrcpaA.roe; 3sv slXaJ.lS va SA.1ti1;;oUllS lCalltav uA.A.ayT] lCai lCallta f3sA't'irocrTJ,iiv 3sv ~slCa9api1;;aJ.ls 1tpro'ta 'to 1tpof3A.TJllaJ.lae;. 'Hruv 6A.ocpavspo, 1tWe;ou'ts of ElClCA.ijcrSte; cr'tT]V«s1tavacr'tanlCT] 'ta~tlCT] cruvsi3TJcrTJ» 'tfje; Epyanue;, OU'tS 1') rors 1tSpt'tpExoucra llE9030e; 'tfje; aueu1tof30A.fje; - lCa'ta Kous! - 1tOD U1tocrlCE1ta1;;s'tie; ijnse; lCai 'tUA.tys J.lSaU'ta1ta'tse; ysyovo'ta crof3apa, ll1tOpoucrs va MTJyijost cr'to cxoxo. Llsv fjtav 3uva't0, v' uplCsi'tat lCavsie; J.lS 'tT] 3ta1ticr'trocrTJ,on 'to EpyanlCo lCivTJlla crTJJ.lstrovs s3ro lCai xet lCa1tOta «1tpoo30». Turri 6 u1tocpacrtcrnlCoe; cruv'tSA.scr'tT]e; 3sv dvat vd ll1tapXSt 1tpoo30e;, UA.M 1tocrTJ 1tpoo30e; l>1tapxst crs cr6YlCptcrTJ J.ls 'tT]V 1taYlCocrJ.lta 1tpOEA.acrTJ'tfje; 1tOA.t't'tlCfje; V'ti3pacrTJe;. u 'H vsapT] xi vTJcrTJ'tfje; spyo3TJllolCpanlCfje; ysvs'tijcrtae; olxovoutaq EVOtacpEps'tat va pi~St U1tA.s'to cproe;cr' aU'ta ta 1tpof3A.ijlla'ta, OXt uovo E1tst3T] llS'tEXSt crov uywva yta 'tT]V lCOtVroVtlCT] EA.su9spia ysVtlCa, UA.M lCupiroe; s1tst3T] 1')ElC1tA.ijprocrTJ cr'tOXrov 'tTJe;sivat 'trov lipPTJlC'ta 3SJ.lEVTJlls 'tT]V ElC1tA.ijprocrTJtrov lCOtvroVtlC01tOA.tnlCrov ' cr'toxrov 'tfje; cpucrtlCfje;Epyo3TJJ.lOlCpa'tiae;. Ttnuro 9a 1tpocr1ta91')crO~ll~ va E~TJyijcroullS U1tO 'tit oxomd 'tou spyanlCou lCtvijlla'toe;, 1tOU alCptf3roe; cruvucpaivov'tat 'ta d3tlCa ysvs'tTJcrto-OtlCoV0J.ltlCa 1tpof3A.ijJ.la'ta J.lS'ta z:sVtlCa xorvoivtxd 1;;TJ'tijJ.la'ta. LS 1tOA.A.Se; YSPJ.laVtlCSe;crUYlCSV'tpwcrSte; yupro cr'ta 1930, 3tacpopot E1tavacr'ta'tse; E~U1tVOt lCai rljnoi, 1tap' OA.TJ'titv E9vtlCtcrnlCT] xui J.ls'tacpucrtlCT]voorpomu roue, {)1troe;A.oyou XapTJ 6 "Orro L'tpacrosp, Myav croix; lCollJ.l0UVtcr'tEe;: «'Ecrsie; of J.lap~tcr'tse; uvacpspoonors 1tavtots cr'tie; 9sropise; 'tOU Map~. '0 Map~ ollroe; 3i3acrlCs, on 1') 9sropia E1taA.TJ9sus'tat uovo U1tO tT]v 1tpa~TJ. 'Ecrsie; ()J.lroe;1tpof3aA.A.s'ts 1tav'to'ts E~TJyijcrSte; yta tie; fjnse; 'tfje; spyan-

lCfje; Llts9voue;. '0 J.lap~tcrlloe; crae; U1tEtUXS: na 't~v f\na, crt~ 1914 ECP'tatys 1') «u1tocr'tacria 'tfje; LocrtaA.0TJllolCpanae;», yta 'to 1918, 1') «1tp030nlCit 1tOAtnlCij 'tTJe;» lCai of aU'ta1ta'tse; 'tTJe;. Kci 'twpa EXS'tS 1taAt E'tOtJ.lSe;'tie; «E~TJyijcrSte;» yta 'to ysyovoe;" on O"t'itv ncpouou 1taYlCocrllta lCpicrTJ of J.la1;;se;crtpEcpoV't'a~ 3s~ta ~t axt aptcr'tspa. Md of S~TJy1')crSte;crae; 3sv uAM1;;ouv to ysyovoe; 'tfje; f\nae;. nou A.omov cr'ta 'tsA.sutaia 80 xpovta E1taA.ij9sl.Jls 1') 1tpa~TJ 'tT] 9sropia tfje; lCotvroVtlCfje;E1tavacrtacrTJe;; To f3acrtlCOcrae; M8oe; slvct, ()n upvtocracrts tT]V l.JIUXT]Cai to 1tvsuJ.la ft 'to ysl Aoto1totsi'ts, xni 1tav'troe; 3sv 'to lCataA.af3aivs'ts.» AU'ta ft nopouoiu smxstpijlla'ta 1tpof3aA.avs 3tacpopot E1tavacrtatSe; lCai of llap~tO"t'se;3sv i1~spav 'ti v' u1tavtijcrouv. Ltya-crtya cpatvo'tav 6A.OlCa9apa, on 1') 1tOAtnlCit 1tp01tayav3a i) «3tacpwncrTJ 'trov J.la1;;~v», 3sv liyyt1;;s ma xcvsvo, SlC'tOe; U1tO xeivou; 1tOD aVfjlCav lCtoA.ae; cr'to uptcr'tspo J.lE'tro1tO,yta rov a1tA.oucr'ta'to Myo, on 1') 3tacpwncrTJ autit 3sv uvacpspotav crE 'ti1tots 'to crUYlCslCPtJ.lEVO, aAAa uovo cr'tie; otxovouuco-xorvorvncsc 3ta3tlCacrise; 'tfje; lCpicrTJe;, (lCscpaA.atolCpanlCOe; 'tp01tOe; 1tapayroyfje;, otxovouucn uvapxia lCA.1t.).Ma 3sv Ecp'tavs ma, va 3tamcrtwvSte; 'tie; OA.tlCSe; dvaYlCSe;, 'titv nsivu CPEP'd1tsiv, ytati au'to 'to ElCavav oAa 'ta 1tOAtnlCa lCOllunrc, UlCollTJlCai 1') SlClCATJcria. Ercn, o'tav 1tta dxs cp'tacrst o-co " lCopucproJ.la'tTJe;1') o~u'ta'tTJ OtlCOV0J.lt1C1) xpion xni i) a1ta8AirocrTJ, lCa'ta'tp01trocrs 6 llucrnlCtcrJ.lOe;'tOU s8vIlCocrocrtaAtcrJ.l0U 'tT]V OilCOVOlltlCit 3t3acrlCaA.ia 'to£) Map~. "Hrcv Aot1tOV qiuvspo, 1tWe;01tfjpXS Eva llsyaA.o lCSVOcr'tit 3tacpwncrTJ xni cr'tit crUVOATJ VtiATJl.JITJ a 'tOU crocrtaAtcrJ.l0U, lCai 'to lCSVOauto su8uvo'tav yta 'tU «1tOAtnlCa crcpuAJ.la'tw>. 'H J.lap~tcrnlCT] E1to1ttsia 'tfje; 1tOAtnlCfje; 1tpaYJ.lanlCo'tTJ'tae; ij'tav EAASmnlCTJ. Kai vai J.lSV1') 3taASlCnlCit J.lE9030e; 'tOU Icropucoo UAtcrJ.l0Usvsixs OASe;tie; 1tPOU1t09EcrSte;yta va 3top9ro90uv of EAAstl.Jlste;,aAM of 1tPOU1t09EcrSte;aU'tEe; EllStVaV aXPTJcrtuonoinrsq. na va 'to 1tOUJ.lSlCa9apa sueue; s~apxfje;: ol p,ae~tareq bey slXav avp,nsetJ.d/3st (J1;i]vnOAtTt"1] Tovq nea~'YJ 7:i] xaea"7:'YJeOAoyt"i] bop,i] 7:WVp,aCow "at 7:i]v "owwv",i] lnlbeaa'YJ 7:0V p,vaTt"tap,ov. "Onotoc U1tO ta 1917 nsptnou We; 'tu 1933 sIxs 1tapalCoAou8ijcrst xni 1;;ijcrst svspya J.lEcra crtT]V s1tavacr'tanlCT] , Aptcrepd 'tit 9sropia

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xni 'tT)V 1tpa~l1 'to() Jlap~tcrJlo(), Tj'tav U1t0XP8roJlEVO<; 8tamcr'tOOva 0"8t, ,<ht 6 Jlap~tcrJlo<; m;ptopt~o'tav cr'ti<; dV'tlX8lflSVlXir; 8ta8tKacru;<;'ti'1<;otxovoutcc Kai mT)v 1tOAt't'tKT)'to() Kpa'too<;. ·0 AEYoJlEVO<;«01tOKEtJ..lEVtKO<; 1tapayov'ta<;» 'ti'1<; Icrropiuc, it i8EoAoyia 'trov Jl~~rov, it tSEAtSt; 'tll<; Kai of aV't'tcpacrEt<;tll<;, otirs AaJl~avov' rev xcv 01tOljfll , Kt ocro YUl xcrcvoncn, ouof.i<; A6yo<;! Kui 'to XEtPO'tEPO: of Jlapstcr'ti:<; 8i:v Ka'tOperovav v' aSto1tott;croov 'tT]V i8ta 'tT) JlEeo06 't00<; 'to() 8taAEK't'tKo() OAtcrJ..l0(), a 'tT) 8ta'tllPo()v v ~rov'tavtl, yta va J..l1tOPOll,V ~M1toov Jli: YEO 1tav'ta Jla'tt Kai va v« Ka'tavO,o()v KaeE yeO KOtVroVtKO qxnvcuevo, aKpt~OO<;J..ti: 'tT) ~ot;eEta ao'ti'1<; 'ti'1<;JlEeo800. ~l1Aa8~, 6 8taAEK't'tKo<; OAtcrJ..lo<; i:v KaAAtEpyt;ellKE, Kai 8i:v 8 tcpapJ..l~cr'tll~E cr'ta YEa Ioropucc cpatV6J..lEva· aAA' 6 cpacrtcrJ..lo<; ij'tav Eva rsroio cpatV6J..lEVO, 'tEAEiro<; liyvrocr'to orov Mae~ Kai cr:ov" EvyxeAr;;, Kt 6 AEVtV 8i:v dXE 1tpocp'tacrEtva 8Ei, 1tapa J..lOVO 'ta ~pro'tapXtvicrJla'ta 'too. ·R aV't't8pacr't'tKT] aV'tiAllljfll 'ti'1<;1tpaYJla't'tKo'tll'ta<; 1tapa~M1tEt 'ti<; av't'tcpacrEt<;'tll<; Kai 'ti<; aAlletvt<; xnruo:'tacrEt<;· it aV't't8pacrnKT) 1tOAt't'tKT) XPllcrtJlO1totEi aU't6J..la'ta n<; xorvrovnce; tKEivE<; 8uvaJ1St<;, 1tOU tvav't'toovov'tat cr'tT)v tSEAlSll. K~i ea ~saKoAooeEi va 'to Ka'tOpeoovEt auto uovo, ecpocrov it ~mcr'tllJ..lll 8EV aVaKaAU1t'tEt lJAe~ 'ti<; t1tavacr'tanKi:<; 80VaJ..lEt<;, 1t00 neenel va vtxnoouv 'ti<; av't't8pacrnKE<;. "01tro<;,ea 8,0()J..lE 1tapaKa'tro, cr'tT)V 6f1a~lx", paC1'fj TOV fPaC1tC1f1ov, 011AaOll crnv ~EcrllKroJlEVll J..ltKpoacrnKT) 'taSll, dxav 1tapoocrtaerst O~t JlOVo avn8pacrnKE<;, aAAa Kui 8pacr'tllptO'ta'tE<; 1tpOOOEunKE<; KOtVrovuct<; OUVaJ..lEt<;. Of J..lapStcr'ti:<;1tupa~AEljfav vu t1ttcrllJlaVoov aU'tT) 'tT)v aV'ticpucrll' 0Xl JlOVO, 0.1.1.' ayvollcrav yl:~tKa ~o JltKPO~cr't'tcrJ..lO 'to p6Ao 'too crXEOOV xni lO<;'tT) crnyj.ll;, 1t00 aVE~l1KE crnv, tsoocria 6 Xil'AEp. 'H t1tuvacr'ta't'tKT) 1tpaSll, cr' 61tOtUOt;1t0'tE 1tEptoXT) 'ti'1<; aVe poomVll<; U1taPSll<;, aVa~pU~Et a1tO Jl6Vll 'tll<;, o'tUV Ka'tuAa~uivEt KUVf.i<; 'ti<; aV't'tcpacrEt<;JlEcrUcrt KaeE YEa 8ta8tKacriu, 61t6'tE ouvrcccerut aKPt~OO<; J..li:'ti<; 80vaJ..let<;EKEivE<;,1t0t> eEAoov va 1taVE ImeOC17:a. Au'tO ea 1tEi va elom pt~ocr1tacr'tll<;: «vc 1ttaVEt<;'ta 1tpaYJ..lu'tu cr'tT) eil;a 't00<;», 01tro<; 1tapaYYEAvE 6 KapA Maps. >lAv AOt1tOV 1ttacrooJll: 'ta 1tpaYJlu'ta cr'tT) ell;u 't00<;, Civ Ku'taAa~ooJ..lE
.t.:1

'V aVnCPUnKt; 't00<; 1tp6~acrll, 't6'tE J..l1tOpOllJ..lE acrcpaAOO<; oava 't~crOOJ..lE av't'topucrnKU cr'totxEia. ' AAAtro<;, e' apaSOOJ..lE r' U1tAID<;, ~EAov'ta<;-J..lT]eEAov'ta<;- cr'tT] IlllxavtcrnKT) av'tiAllljfll, ~'tov O,iKO116 \\ cr'tT) J1S'tUCPOcrtKt;, Kui 1tclilE aVUYKacr't'tKU XaJ..lEVot. vOJltcrr , ., ' .. eE1tOJlEVro<; eXEt VOllllU Kai 1tpaK't'tKT) asia it Kpt't'tKll, otnv ~1tOPEt v' a1tooEiSEt 1tOtE<;aV't'tcpacrEt<;'ti'1<;KotvrovtKi\<; 1tpuYllanKo:t'l1'ta<; ap,UcpT'fjxav Kat 1toll. 'H e1tavacr'ta't'tKT) 1tpaSll 'tOll MapS nae " '" '" ;; 0 otv eyKEt'tat ~E~ata oro yEYOVO<; n EypaljfE 1tPOKllpu~Et<;, 'I tt o 1tPO'tEtVEt1tavacr'tanKot><; cr'toxoo<;, aAAa Kopiro<; o't't Ka'taAa~E, mo<; of ~toJlllxavtKs<; 1tapayroytKi:<; ?Ovall~t<; dvat, it KtVT]'t,t;pta 8uvallll 'tTj<;KOtVrovtKi\<; 1tpo0800 Kat 1tEptEypaljfE n<; aVncpacrEt<; 'ti\<; KEcpaAatoKpanKTj<; OiKovollia<; crUJ..l~rovaIli: ~T)V ~paYJla;tKO'tT]'ta. 'H a1to'toXia 'tot) epyanKo() KtVT]llu'to<; J..lu<; EtXVEt, o n O otv EXOOjlEaKOJlT] Ku'tuM~Et ev'tEAro<;,KUt J..laAtcr'tucri: 6ptcrjlEvu Kupta O"TJIlEiuayvoollllE 6Arocr8toAoo, 'ti<; SovUJ..lEt<; EKEivE<;,1tOU avuxat'ti~oov 'tT]v KOtVroVtKT)1tpooSo. .01tro<; crOJ..l~aivEtcroVt;ero<; Ili: 'to EPYO J1SyaArovcr'toxacr'trov, E'tcrt Kat ol iOEE<;'tOll MapS Ka'tuv'tT]cruv xsvot 'tU1tot Kai xacrav 'to E1ttcr'tT]J..lOVtKO-E1tavacr'ta't'tKO 't00<; 1tEptEX6IlEVO cr'ta XEpta 'trov Ilapstcr'toov 1tOAt't'tKrov. Of livepro1tot Ul)'t'Ot dxuv rooo 1tOAUtJ..l1tAaKEi cr'tOu<;KaeT]J..lEptVOt><; 1toAtnKot><; aYIDVE<;,(bcr'tE SEV Ti'tuv ma Ixnvoi v' avamusoov 1tapa1tEpa 'ti<; aPXi:<; Iltcl<; ~rov'tavfi<; . ~to8Eropia<;, 1tOU'tou<; dxav KAT]povollt;crEt 6-MaPS Kai 6 ~EVYK;A<; ,ApKEi va 1tapooJlE 'to ~t~Aio 'tOll rEPJ..lavo\) KOJ..lIlOoVtcr'ti\ ZaoveeAavT L1takxn"o~ VAlC1p,or;fJ 6~otoSt;1t?'tE ~t~Ai~ 't?ll Z6.A~tv'r, 'to\) Ilet» Kat liAArov, Kat va 'ta crOYKptVOOJ..lE J..lE'to Kecp6.Aaw 'tot) Maps, 11 J..lS 'tT]V ' E;eAl;'fj TOV C10C1taAlC1p,0V uno TijV oVTon[~ C1TijV bUC17:11P,rt 'tOt) ~EVYKEA<;, ta va Ka'taM~oOjlE o't't it ~roV't'uvT] y IlEeOSO<; XEt Ka'tav'tt;crEt 'tU1to<;,it Emcr'tllIl0VtKT) EpEova {iKall1t'to E crXfilla. To «1tpoAE'tapta'to» 'tfi<; e1toxfi<; 'to~ Maps d~E ~va1t'tu: xeEt cr'to IlE'taSt> crs 'tEpacrnu ~toJ..lT]xaVtKT] epya't'tKT] 'taST], ot IltKpOE1taYYEAlla'tiE<; J..ltKpoacr'tOt crs 1tATj80<; ~tOJlT]XUVtKIDVKUt KpanKIDv o1taAAt;Arov. ·0 Emcr'tllIl0vtKo<; JlUpstcrJlo<;eKcpoAicr'tT]KE crs (((i.yopaio JlapStcrllo». Au'to 't' QVOlla SoocravE1toAAoi esaiPE'tOt Ilapstcr'ts<; 1toAtnKOl

crov oi!covolltcrJlO, 1t0t> 1tEptopi~Et 45

'0 Map!; !;SKtVOl)O'Sa1tO 'tTt ~UO'tKTto.V'tiATJ'I'TJ,on it SKIlS'tUAAsuO'TJ 'tol) sJ.11tOpsuIlU'tO~ «SpyunKTt MVUIlTJ» xui it O'UYKEV'tproO'TJ 'tol) KSCPUAUiou 0'. sMxtmu XEptU O'UIl~u()isouv Il& 'tTtV S!;U9AiroO'TJ 'tf\~ 1tAsto'l'TJCPiu~ 'tf\~ sPyusollSVTJ~ o.v9pro1to'tTJ'tu~. ·A1to 'tTtV oiKoVOlltKTt UlnTt ()tu()tKuO'iu 6 MapS e~yuss 'to O'UIl1tSPUO'IlU, 1tcbc; jj'tuv o.vuYKuiu it «o.1tUAAO'tpiroO"TJ'to)V a1tUAAO'tptro'tO)V». l:ullCProvu Ils 'tTtV o.V'tiATJ'I'll 'tOU, ot 1tUpUyroytKS~ ()UVUIlSt~ 'tf\~ KSCPUAUtoKpunKf\~ KOtvroviu~ «()tUPPTJYVUOUV»'ta 1tAuiO'ta 'tol) 'tP01tOU 1tUpuyroyf\~. 'R o.V'ticpuO"TJls'tUSu XOtvW'JIlXfj~ I 1tUpuyroyf\~ Kui O'cps'tsptO"llol) 'to)V npotovcov o.1tO 'to l~lWTtXO KSCPUAUto ll1topsi va Au9si 1l0VO, liv SSoJ.lotro9si 6 rpono; 1tUpuyroyf\~ IlS 'ti~ 1tUpUyroytKS~ ()UVUIlSt~. l:'tTtV KOtVroVtKTt 1tUpuyroyTt 1tPE1tSt va 1tpoO"'ts9si Kui it KOtVroVtKTJOiKSt01toiTJO"TJ'to)V npotovrov. Ilpdrrn 1tpUSTJuu'tf\~ 'tf\~ o.VUKU'tU'tUSTJ~ slvot it KOtVrovtKTJS1tUVUO"'tUO'TJ. Aino slvrn 'to ~UO'tKO oixovouuco o.sirollu 'tol) IlUPStO'Il0l). 'H o.VUKU'tU'tU!;TJ UlnTt ll1topsi va O'Uv'tsAsO''tsi uovo {huv it Ssu9AtrollEVTJ 1tAsto'l'TJCPiu sYKu9t()puO"st 'tTJ «Sucruropic 'tol) 1tPOAS'tuptu'tOU», ()TJAU()TJtTJ Sucturoptc 'tf\~ 1tAsto'l'TJCPiu~ 'to)V 1tUpU' yroYO)v 1tuvro O''tTt Ilsto'l'TJCPiu 'to)V o.1t0YUllvrollsvrov ma KU'tOXroV 'to)V IlEO"roV1tUpuyroyf\~. Ot OlXO'JIOf-llXe~ 1tpOt}1t09EO'St~ 'tf\~ KOtVrovtKf\~ s1tuvumuO'TJ~ sIxuv 1tPUYIlU't01totTJ9si crUllCProvu IlS 'tTt 9sropia 'tol) Mae~: 'to KSCPUAUtojj'tuv O'tlYKSV'tProIlEVOO'S ).iyu XEptU, it SSEAtSTJ 'tf\~ S9VtKf\~ otxovoutcc 0'& 1tUYKOO'lltU oixovoutu ~Pto"KO'tUV O'S Osu'tu'tTJ o.V'ticpuO'TJIl& 'to ()UO'Il0AOytKO crUO"'tTJJ.lU 'to)v ()tucpoprov KPU'tO)V, it KSCPUAUtoKpUnKTJ oixovouic ecp'tuvs 1l0At~ 'to i\lltO'U 'tf\~ 1tUpUyroytKf\~ 'tTJ~ iKUVO'tTJ'tu~ xui sIxs 1tta cpuvsproO"St 6AOKa9UpU 'tOY o.vupxtKO 'tTJ~ XUpUK'ti}pU. 'R 1tAstO'I'TJCPiu'tol) 1tATJ9uO"llol) 'to)v ~tOIlTJXUVtKcl 1tPOTJYllsvrov xropO)v jj'tuv SSU9AtroIlSVTJ, yupro ma 50 eKu't0IlIlUptU liv9pro1tot jj'tuv livspyot O''tTJV Eupro1tTJ uovo, .eKu'toV'tU()S~ eKu't0lllluptU 1tUpuyroyoi AtJ.lOK'tOvobouv. "Ouo»; it o.1tUAAO'tpiroO"TJ o.1tUAAO'tptro'tO)vMv 1tpuYllu'to)v 't01tOti}9TJKS' O.V'ti9S'tU o.1tO 'ti~ 1tpo~A.t'l'St~ IlUAtO"'tU,O"'to orcopo()POllt: «O'OcrtUA10'1l0~ i'I ~up~upo'tTJ'tU» it SSEAt!;TJe1tutpvs, 1tPO~

46

47

to nupov, to Spouo tfje; ~ap~apOtTJtae;. Ttnrt, ti UAAO lltav to 1taYKocr~lO ouvu~ro~a tOU <pacrtcr~ou Kat " E~acrSEVTJcrTJOU Epyat ttKOU KtvTJgatOe;; ~01tOlOt mcrsocv aKO~1'] 1tcOe;'> OSUtSpOe;1taYKO< cutoc 1tOAS~Oe; Sa KatEA1']yS acr<paAroe; cr' E1tavucrtacrTJ, 01tOlOl 01']AaOTJ E1taVa1taUOVtav crtTJV iOEa mbe; of E~01tAtcr~Evse; ~u~se; Sa yupt~av ta. 01tAa roix; svcvrtov tOU ScrrotSPlKOU EXSpOU, autoi OEV dxav 1tapaKOAOUSTJO"Sl tTJV E~EAt~1'] tfje; vEae; 1tOAS~tKfje; tSXVlKfje;. M;v unopotios v' cmoppi'l'st KavEie; EK trov 1tPOtEProV tTJ OtUXUt1'] U1tO'l'1'] Ott crov EPXO~svo 1tOAS~O ll'tav ~aAAov , a1ti9avo vii. E~01tAtcr'tOUV ol ~SYUASe;~u~se;. Ol1toAs~tKEe; E1tlXStpTJcrsle; Sa cr'tpE<pov'tav Evav'tiov 'toli a~axou 1tA1']SUcr~ou cr'ta. ~syuAa f3lO~TJxavlKa. xevrpo, Kat Sa 'tte; EK'tsAoucrav optouevoi E~1ttO"'tOtKat OtaASY~EVOt 'tSXVlKOt 'tou 1tOAE~OU.Ttnuro, npounoSscr1'] ~tae; vEae; E1tUvaO"'tattKfje; 1tpU~TJe;ll'tav v« npoccpuocoope 'tTJ crKE'I'1']~ae; Kat roix; U1tOAOytcr~LOue; cr'ta YEa Osoo~Eva. '0 ~ae; osu'tspoe; 1taYKoO"~lOe; 1tOAS~Oe; otKairocrs aU'toue; roi»; <pof3oue;.

aV'tt va. OlOpSWO"ouv 'tTJV Ka'tuO"'taO"TJ roue, 'tTJ XStpo'tspsuouv. Ol E~aSAtro~Evse; ~u~se; ll'tav au'tEe; aKpt~roe;, 1tOD f3oTJS1']crav'tTJV aKpaia 1tOAt'ttKTJaV'tiopaO"1'], 'to <paO"tcr~o v' avs~Ei cr'tTJv t~oucria, To 1tpO~ATJ~a 1tODsa. ~ae; a1taO"xoAiJcrSl EOro slvat: <'>pOAOe;'tile; iOSoAoyiae;' " cruvatO"S1']~anKTJ cru~1tSpl<popa 'troY ~asrov lcr'toplKoe; crUV'tsAScr'tTJe;'<'> ((a:ViluTvno~ Tij~ l6eoAoyla~ navw
oixovolux~ (Jaa'YjJJ."Av " E~aSAirocr1'] 'troY ~asrov

we;
(1"(~V

oev 68"Y1']0"8 cr'tTJVava'tpo1tTJ 'troY 1tpayJ.lu'trov, 01']Aaoi) cr'tTJVKOtvroVtKT}E1taVUcr'tacr1']' liv a1to 'tTJV OiKOVO~tKTJ KpiO"1'] ~s1tTJo1']crav iosoAoyise; aV'tS1tavacr'tanKee; - 'to'ts it E~EAt~1'] Tf\e; <'>~aOtKfje; iosoAoyiae; cr'ta KpiO"wa EKsiva xpovta avaxaittcrs 'tTJV«avu1t'tu~1'] 'troY napeyroYlKroV ouvu~sroV», «'tTJV E1tavacr'tanKTJ AU~ 'tfje; aV'ti<pacr1']e; avu~scra cr'tie; 1tapayroytKee; ouvu~Ste; 'toli ~OV01troAtaKOli Ks<paAalOKpanO"~oli Kai 'tou 'tP01tOU 'tfje; 1tapayroyile; 'tOU», yta va J.ltAito"OU~S ~ap~tO"nKu. 'R 'ta~tKTJ OtUpSproO"1']O"'tTJTspunvic (cru~<prova
Kovvtu: iJoxlflw btanlaTwa'Yj~ Tij~ uotvwvtxij~ 6taeOewa'Yj~ iOV yeeflavtxov nA'YjOvaflov. 'H iJteOv~~ 1928, 'AvuAsK'ta Ae'JIr~: IIeokTaetaX~ nOAmu1}, ~lSSVTJe; 'EpyanKTJ

OiKovofllKi) Kai iOSOAOYlKi) KOlvIDviae; 1928-1933
2.

oOfli)

'ti)e; YSPflavlKi)e;

~e 'tOY

AOytKO sivat va 1tSpt~EVSt xuvstc, 1tcOe;of OiKOVO~tKa E~aSAtro~EVSe; EpYUttKEe; ~u~se; crUVSlOTJ't01tOlOUV o~u'tTJ'ta 'tTJV xotvm~E VlKTJ roix; Ka'tucrtacr1'], 1tcOe;WPl~U~Sl EV'tOe;roix; " ~OUATJO"TJ a v Ka'tapYTJcrouv 'tTJV KOtvroVtKTJ KaKOOat~ovia' 1tcOe;<'>spya~o~svoe; ~Ecra crE avu1to<popse; xorvoivnce; cruvSfjKse; S' ayavaK'tTJcrst Kat Sa cruAAOYlcr'tSl: «Elpm Evae; U1tSuSUVOe; popEae; 'tfje; KOlvrovlKfje; < spyacriae;. 'A1tuvro uou xt a1tUvro O"'toue; O~OlOUe; uou o"'tTJpi~S'tal 'to KaAO Kat 'to KaKO 'tfje; xotvovlcc. 'AvaAa~~uvro AOt1tOV 'tTJV sU9uvTJ 'tfje; Epyacriae; ~OU». LtTJV 1tspi1t'trocr1'] al)'tTJ, <'>crUAAOYlcr~oe; (TJ «ouvstoncn») 'toli EpYU'tTJ 9' aV'ta1tOKptvo'tav cr'tTJV KOtvroVtKTJ tOU Ka'tucr'tacrTJ. Of ~ap~lO"'tEe; 6vo~u~ouv aU'tTJ 'tTJv aV'ta1tOKptcr1'] «'ta~tKTJ O"uvsio1']cr1']». 'E~sle; Sa 'tTJV ovopccooue «E1taY'YsA~anKTJ cruvsioTJcrTJ» t'! «cruvsioTJcr1'] 'tfje; KOlvroVtKfje; EUSUV1']e;».'R otucr'tacrTJ AOl1tOV avu~scra cr'tTJV KOlVroVlKTJKa'tucr'tacr1'] Kai 'tTJVE1tiyvrocrTJ'tTJe;cr1']~aiVsl, Ott ot Epya~o~svse; ~u~se;,

~EKOOO"1'], 931) 1tapouO"iaO"s 1
p.eA'Y} ol"oytivewr; 1.1' e"a·rop.p.ve1a)

'tTJv &~ile; shcovc

: BW1loetl; 6p.evor; 1l),:y/Ovap.or; ( as XIAuzCler;)

Me

(

'Epyu'tse; f3lO~1']xaviae; Mscouornce; 'tu~Ste; 1tOASroV
Mucpoi aypoK'tit~ovSe;

21.789 6.157 6.598 718 35.262 LUVOAO

40,7 10,7 9,0 2,0 62,4

MsyaAoacrnKTJ 'tu~1'] (ouv ~syaAoyatoK'tTJ~OVSe; Kat ~syaAOK't1']~a'tise;) nA1']SUO"~Oe;1tATJV ( 1tatOta Kat VOlKOKUpee;)

48
4. 'H paCI"1J 'JIvXoAoyla
lOii rpaalap.oii

49

1 .916
10403

.E7:f!wp,a7:a 7:if, eeyanxij,

n.£~fJ': lCA1t. .

1.763 431 644 6.157 11.826 2.607
138

:Epyu'tB~ I3lO~l1xavia~, O"UYICOtvOlVlCOV, t~1topiou AYPO't'llCOi tpYU'tB~ . otlCtalCoi tpYU'tB~ . 'Y1tllPt'tB~ •••••••.. :: .......•.................• M10"eOl'toi Ka'tOl't'BpOl Ka'tOOtBpol
Me(fata

,AVtiSB'ta, it MeoAoytr.:rJ bop,TJ 1tapouO"iaSB O"'ti~ YBVlICE~ ypall!lB~ tll~ 'tT)v E~fj~ avaAoyia: 'Epyu'tB~ I3lOllllxav(a~, tll1topiotl, O"UYICOl VOlVlroVKA1t. lCai tpyUtB~ 'tfj~ u1taiepou 140433 ElCa'tollllupla Mtxeoa(f7:txa xol p,eGoa(fnxa (f"Cf!wp,a"Ca •. 20.111 » OilCO'tSXVB~ (UtOlltlC1) 1tapaYOly1)) 138 X1AtaoB~ olxiuxoi tpyu'ts~ 1 .326 » ,AO"cpaAtO"IlSVOl IltO"eOl'toi 1 .717 » lCa'too'tspol U1tUAAllAOl (1tapUOS1Ylla a1tO IlByUAS~ t1tlXSlP"o"Bl~, 1t.x. «Nopvrorepv» Bspoxtvo) .. 2.775 » lCa'tOOtSpOl ASl't'oupyoi (1t.X. rsAroVB~ 'taxuopOlltlCoi) 1 .400 » (oiICOVOlllICO «1tPOAStUPlU'tO») MSO"OUO"'t'lICE~'tU~Bl~ 1tOABOlV .. rsOlpYll(1) JlsO"uiu 'tU~l1

7.356 6.157 6.598

» » »

KOtvOlVllCCOV

'A~~~~i~~~~
xwea:

"

U1tUAAllAOl (1l10"e. £Ol~ 250 .~~~~~) . : : : : : A.el'touPyoi (ouv O"UVta~lOOXol) .

1.316 1.717 2.775
10400

20 .111 X1A1UOS~ Kt liv UICOllll AoyuptUO"OUIlS, 1tro~ 1tOAAOi uecoacrot 'I'l1CPiO"uv aplO"tSpU lCoJlJlu'ta lCai clVtieS'tU 1tOAAOi tpyu'ts~ OS~lU lCoIlIlU'tu, 1tUAl Ila~ lCUVSl tVtU1tOlO"l1 'to ysyovo~, O't'l of 1tUPU1tUVOl U1tOAOYlO"lloi JlU~ O"XS't'lICUIlE 'tT)v MeoAoytxij bop,TJ (fVp,cpw'PoiJ'P nef!tnov p,e 7:' ano7:e).t(fp,a7:a. 7:W'PexAoYw'P "CoiJ 1933: 1C01l1l0UvtO"'t'E~ KUt 0"00"taAOllIl0ICpU'ts~ dXUVB 1tUPSl O"tlVOAtlCa 12 ~ 13 EICU'tOIlIlupta \jf"cpou~' 'to tevt1C00"00"taA10"'tllCO 1C61lllu (NSDAP) lCUt 'to teVtlCo-ysplluvllCo KOlllla Ilusi 1tspi1totl 19 ~ 20 EICUtOIl. \jf"cpou~. Aoto SU 1tBt on 'tSAl1(U 0 anocpaO't(fnxo, (fV'P7:eAeff7:ijr; 7:ij, nOAt"Ctxij, aAAayijr; be'P i'j7:a'P

21.789
(f7:f!wp,a7:a ff7:i/,p vnad)eo

MllCpoaypo'tB~ Kai tlC~tO"eOl'tE~ (£Ol~ 50 O"'tpslllla'ta) MtO"Ol aypolC'tll~ovB~ (50-500 O"'tps~~a'ta)

.

2.366 4.232 6.598

O_{ aplelloi ~O'tOi ~v'ta1tolCpivovtal O"'tT)V a1toypacpT) 1tAllSuO"Il0U 'tll~ rBp~avla~ oru 1925. 'A1tooioouv O~{J)f' -1C1 a",). J. va 'to eUIl" ., oro 1tPt:.1tBl " ,0IlaO"'tB - rnv lCOlVOlV11C0-OtICOVOIl11CT) olupepOlO"l1 uovo 1C10Xl 'tllV iOBOAoY1ICll, 1tOU fj'tav 1tOA\) OtamopB'tllCn T? o \E ' ' 't' '1' n..Ot'PW'PtxotXo'Pop,txa 1t0IlBVOl~ it rBPllavia 1tBPlAulll3avB O"'ta 1925 .
Bto:n:o(!t1;6p.svovr; ( e,ealOp.p.V(!ta) oz,eoyeveta"d p.O.T} ( t"a7:op.p.v(!ta)

fJ

olxo'Pop,txTJ xa"CaO'7:MfJ MAa

?]

lbeo-

Me

·EpyU'tB~ MBO"oaO"'t'lIC1) 'tu~l1

21.789 12.755

40,7 19,7

Aoytxij (jtae()eWGfJ. VEtO"! () 1tOAtnlCO~ pOAO~ 'trov 1l1lCpoua'ttlCrov 'tU~BOlV tjtUVS 1tOAU 0"1touout6tspo~ a1t' 00"0 rov dxav U1tOAOyiasl. Titv t1tOx1) 'tfj~ puyouiu~ 1t'tooall~ 't1i~ YBplluV11C1i~ olxovoutco; ICBpoisBl uAllanlCu 'to tevllCoaoO"!aAtO"'t'lKo 1C61llla 'ti~ IlsyaAs~ t1tl'tuXis~ roo : a1to 'ti~ 800.000 \jf"cpou~ 'to lCUA01CUipl 'toO 1928 cp'tUVSt O"ta 6,4 ElCa't0IlIlUpta 'to cpetV01tOlpO 'toO 1930, ata 13

50

51

SKa't0IlIlUpta 'to KaAOKaipt 'toO 1932 Kai O"'ta 17 sKa't0IlIlUpta 'to Tsvnpn 'toO 1933. l:ullcprova Il' fvav ()1tOAOY10"1l0 'toO ralyxee (Xl7:Aee, P6-cee "Aovcppnaovt, 'OK'tooJ3pT)e;1930) O"'ta 6,4 sKa'tollIlupta 'troY e9vtKOO"oO"taAtO"'ttKrov'l'i)cprov O"oYKa'taAByov'tav KtOAae; rptn ltEpbtoo s"a'toIlIlUpta 'l'ilcpot tpya~ollEvrov Kai llaAtEr'ta 60-70 'tote; sKa'to l)1taAAi)A.roVxul 30-40 'tote; sKa'to tpya'trov J3tOllT)xaviae;. To ltpoJ3AT)lla ltOU OT)lltoUPyT)o"Eaim,! i) KOtVroVtOAOY1KT) olaoueaO"ia, 'to ota'tUltroO"E 00"0 ~epro 'tooAaXtO"'tov, Il& 'tT) IlEyaM'tEPT) tvapYEta 6 KaeA Pavrex· i10T) O"'ta 1930 IlE'ta 'to ltpro'to aAlla 'toO t9vtKoO"oO"taAtO"'ttKOO KOlllla'tOe; eypacpE:
«~ev
VCiN,

~spou(Le ,r(1to't"e 1tOtp6(LOLO aTYjv ta't"opLOt 't"wv 1tOAL't"LXWV ciyw,~,

LOLWe;al:: (LLOtxwpOt (LI:: 1tOI\U 1tOtALOUe; tOAL't"LXOUe; LOtcpopLa(LOUC;, 1 O 'ISO x6~(LOt 1tprneL
\ ~ 'It

~

\,

.1

~\

I

\

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81tOU x(f()e

v' ciYWVLa't"ei: 1tOAU axAl)pa
\ ~, I

YLa va
(

xOt't"Otx't"fJaeL (LLa OSO"l) 1tA(XL a't"a 1tcxALa x6(L(LOt't"0t. E!VOtL £~LOtL't"epOt XOtpOtX't"l)pLa't"LXO -ro yeyovoe;, TYj ~eu't"epl) u't"L yLOt -ro XO(L(LOt 't"OU't"O, 1tOU Tt"OtLpveL 't"ije; rep(LOtVLOte;, 't"t1to't"e ~ev
"...,l,' a, 'IV \" \ Ota't"LXl) oure a't"l) aoaLOtALO"'t"Lxlj

OSO"l) aTYjv 1tOAL't"LXlj ~wlj

>! A \' 1'. I::xeL ypOtcpeL we; 't"Ot't"WpOt, ours

cpLAOAOytOt. E!VOtL evOt x6(L(LOt xwple;
(LeaOt a't"l)v 1tOI\L't"LXl) 'oWl) 't"l)e;
, \ "). \ Y \ -

rep(LOtVLOte;,U1tWe; OtvOtoue't"OtL1;&.cpvou (
J! ,~,

ta't"opLOt, 1tOU u~wve't"OtL ~OtcpVLXa ~rne't"Oty(Levo ciTt"O~cpOttO"'t"eLee;

XOt't"~(Lecnje; aTYj O&'AOtaaOt e\lOt Vl)al ~uvOt(LeLe;». (rep(LOtVLXee; bU.oyee;,

P6't"ep "Aoucp(L1tOtOU, 'Ox't"w~pl)e;

1930).

d&V ullcptJ3aAAoollE Ka90Aoo, lt~ K1 ao'to 'to vT)O"ieXEt 'tT)V Ioropia 'too Kai 'tT)V to"ro'tEPtKT) AOY1Ki)'too. ell ultav'tT)O"T) 0"'t0 uapI;tKO oiAT)lllla: «01ttO"OOOPOIlT)O"T) 0"'tT) J3apJ3apo'tT)'ta» il «avoOoe; 0"'t0 0"00"taAtO"1l0» tl;ap'tu'tat, O"UIlCProvaIl& 'tOue; O"OAAOyt0"1l0Ue;Ilae;, UltO 'toO'tO : liv OT)AaOT)i) iOEOAOytKT)001lT) O"'tie;KOp1apXOUIlEVEe; lla~Ee; O"Ollltilt'tEt Il& 'tT)V olxovojnxf roo; Ka'taO"'taO"T)l liv OtacpspEt, EhE tltEtOT) oi lla~Ee; tJltOIlBVOOV i lta9T)nKU 'tT)V eKIlE'taAAEoO"T),Oltroe; O"'tie;IlEyaAEe; aO"ta'ttK&e; xoivorvisc, EhE tltEtOT) fI iOEoAoyia die; ltAEtO'l'T)cpiae; 'troY Ka'taoovaO"'tEUllsvrov elvat aV'tieE'tT) UltO 'tT)V oixovouucf 't00e; Ka'taO"'taO"T), Oltroe; O"i)uspu 0"'tT) Fspuuvtu. To J3aO"tKOltPOJ3AT)lla AOtltOV elver, 'ti KaOopi~Et 'tT) OtaO"'taO"T) ltOU ltEptypa'l'aJ.lE ltapaltavro, Kai tllltooi~Et 'tT) O"OIlCProvia'tiTe; 52

obcovolltKile; Ka'taO"'taO"T)e; 'tile; 'l'0xtKile; ollaotKile; oOllile;· TlpeKal. ltEt lipa va Ka'taMJ3ooJ.lE 'tT) CPUO"T) oOllile; aO'tile; Kal. 'tT) O"XE'tile; O"T)tT)e; Il& 'tT)V oiKoVolltKT) J3aO"T)alt' OltOU I;EltllOT)o"E. ' , rta va 'to Ka'top9ooO"ooIlE, 90. ltPSltEt v' altEAEoOEpro900llE ltpro'ta UltO 'tie; ayopaiEe; llapl;tO"'ttK&e; aV'ttAi)'I'Ete;, ltOU 0& IlUe; acpi)voov va Ka'taAaJ3ooJ.lE 'to cpaO"tO"llo. 'Ioou ltOt&e; elvat ol KoptO'tEpEe; : '0 ayopaioe; llapl;tO"ll0e; Xropi~Et O"XT)lla'ttKa 'tOY otxovoutxo ~io UltO 'to yEVtKO KotVroVtKO J3io Kai ltPEO"J3EUEtt~ fI <dOEoAoyta» l Kai fI «O"Ove{oT)O"T)>> av9pooltrov Ka90pi~0V'tat MOXAetO"'t'txa 'troY Kai l1peaa altO 'tOY otxovounco J3io. "Etm Ka'taAi)YEi 0"& Ilta llT)xaVtO"'ttKT) av'tt1tapu'tal;T) oiKovolliac; Kal. t5soAoyiae;, «tJlt~oOllile;» Kai «tltotKoOolllllla'toe;». 'El;ap'tu O"XT)lla'ttKU Kai uovoltAtOpa 'tT)V iOEoAoyia altO 'tT)V oiKovollia Kai ltapaj3AElttt, lt~ Kai fj tI;EAt~T) 'tile; otxovoutcc tl;ap'tu'tat altO ·'tT)V iOEoAoyia. rtao'to Kai OEVaV't.tAallj3uvt'tat Ka90AOO 'to ltPOJ3AT)lla 'toO «aV'tiK'tOltOO 'tile; iOtoAoyiae;». "Av Kai ltapaoeXt'tat 'toopa ltta 'tT)V «Ka90O"'tBPT)0"T)'toO tJltOKttJ.lEVtKOO ltapayov'ta», Oltroe; 'tT)V tvVOOOO"E AsVtV, O&VIlltopti va oallaO"tt ltpaK'ttKa au'tT) 'tT)V xe0 900"'tBpT)0"T),tltEtOT) ltPoT)yooIlEvroe; eJ3A.sltt 1l0VOltAEOpa 'tOY tJlt~KEtllEVtKO ltapuyoV'ta O"nv altO'tEAEO"lla 'tile; oiKovolltKile; xureO"'taO"T)e;, xropie; va t~E'ta~tt ltPro'tOV, ll11ltroe; ol aV'ttcpaO"tte; 'tile; oiKovolliae; Ocpe{Aov'tav O"'tT)V iOEoAoyia Kai, OEU'ttpOV, xropie; va Ka'taAaJ3aivEt, on fI iOEoAoyia etvat iO"'topt~T) ouvallT)· IIpuYllan, OE 9EAEt Ka90AOO v« Ka'taMJ3tt 'tT) 001lT) Kai 'to 00valltO"llo 'tile; iOtOAoyiae;, 'ta O"J3i)Vtt Il& Ilta 1l0VOKoV'toAta O"av «'I'uXoAoyia» «uV't1Ilap~1O"'t1Kll»· E'tO"t ltapallEAEi 'tOY \mOKE1IlEVtKO ltapayoV'ta, 'tT) AtyolltVT) «'I'UXtKT)~roT)>>lsO"a O"'tT)vIeroptn, I K1 acpi)VEt 'to xttptO"Il0 'tooe; 0"'t0 IlE'tacpoO"tKoiOtaAtO"Il0 'tile; ltOAtnKile; uv'tiopaO"T)e; O"'toue; T~tv'tiAE Kai 'toue; Po~tVllltEPYK, ltOU ltptO"J3EUOOVon uovo 'to «ltVtOlla» Kai fI «'I'OXT)>> KtVOOV 'tT)V Irrropiu - 9Eropia ltOU, ltapa06l;roc;, 'toue; t~aO"cpaAi~tt altO ltUvro Kai 'tEpuO"'tta tltt'toxia. eoO"'toO"o, 'tT)V ltapaJ.16AT)O"T)aiJrfj~ 'tile; ltAEOpUe; 'tile; KotvroVtoAoyiae;, 0 iotoe; 0 Map~ 'tT)V elxt e1ttppi'l'Et UltO 'to'tE O"'tOV tJAtO"Il0'too 1800 aioova. 'AA,A' 0 uyopaioe; uopI;tO"'tlle;9EroPEi 'tllv 'JfOXoAoyia aO'tT) Ka9au'tT) O"av fva tl;oltapxile; IlE'tacpoO"tKOcrUO"'tT)lla,Kai OEV'too ltEPVUEt alt' 'to voO va xropi-

53

O'Et 'to J.lE'taq>UO't1COapate'ti)pa x

'tfl~ aV'ttopaO''tttefl~

a1to 'to. J3aO'ttea O''totXEia 'tT)~, aU'ta 1t0\) J.lu~ 1topi1;Et

fI S1tavaO''ta-

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'ttteT) 'JIuxowytteT) epwva, teat 1t0\) 1tP61tEt va O'uvEXiO'OUJ.lE 'tT)V a~a1t'tusi) 'tOU~. 'Avr! v' aO'tei)O'Et OT)J.llOUpytteT)tepmtei) , a1tOppmret a1tAlO~,. teal. aiO'SavE'tat 1tOAll «UAtO''tT)~», otav a1tOtepOUEt ~~ «iOWAtO''tttea» tea'tt OE00J.lEva onv 'tT)V «6PJ.li)), 't"v «avayteT)) t'( 'tT)v «'JIUXtte" otaotteaO'ia». "Erot J.l1tA.EteE'tatO'E J.lEyaAE~ OUO'teoAiE? teai EiO'1tpU't'tEt J.lOVO a1tO'tUXiE~, S1tEtO" O''tT)V teOtVffiVtte" 1tpaST) etVat U1tOXPEffiJ.lEVO~d aO'teEt, a1tpOU1tOSE'ta, J.lta 1tpav te'ttte" 'JIuxoAoyia, vd J.ltMEt YUt 'tt~ «avuyte~ 'tlOv J.la1;lOv», yta «s1tavama'ttteT) O'UVEiOT)O'T)>>, «a1tEpytate" J30UAT)0'T)) teA1t. YUt "Erot, 00'0 apVtE'ta1. 'tT)V 'JIuxoAoyia, 't00'0 tea'tav'tu v' aO'teEi 6 ro~o~ fva J.lE'taq>uO'tteo'JIUXOAOytO'J.lO,eat ateoJ.lT) XEtpo'tEpa, tean t ocv eva crstpo teOUElO'J.lO, 'tav A..x. SST)YEi J.lta iO''toptte" tea'tuo O''taO'T) J.lE't"v «\l'uxffiO'T) Xl'tAEP» t'( o'tav tea9T)O'uxu1;Et 'tt~ J.lU1;E~ p:apo'tpuvov't~ 'tE~ va 'to~ exouv SJl1ttO''toO'UVT), n 'ta 1tpuYJ.la'ta o 1tpOXffipO~V 1tap' OA' aU'ta teat it s1tavaO''taO'T) OEV1tpOteEt'tat 1tO'tE v~ O'uv'tPtq>'tEi, teA1t. 1:'to 'tEAO~ xutnvrdst va YEJ.liSEt 'tt~ J.lU1;E~ J.l~ 1tAaO''to 9appo~, Xffipi~ va BXEt 'ti1tO'tE oUO'taO'nteo va 1tEt yta rnv tea'tuO''taO'T), XffiPt~ va tea'taA.aJ3aiVEt teaS6Aou 'tt BXEt O'UJ.lJ3Ei. To YEYOVO~ o'tt OEVU1tUPXEt 1t0't6 MtESOOT) tea'tuO''taO"T) YUl -r1'!v 1tOAt'ttte" aV'tiopaO'T), o'tt J.lta 6SEia oiteovoJ.ltteT) tepiO'T) unopst vd 6OT)yi)O'Et O''t" J3apJ3apo'tT)'ta tet OXt O''t"v teOtvffiVtteT)SAWSEpia, au'to dvat teat Sa uetvsi yta 'tOY ayopaio J.lapStO''tT) J3tJ3Aio tq>:aO'~paytO''to. "Avr! v' aV'tAi)O'Et 'ti~ SEffipiE~ teat 'tT)v 1tpUST) a1tO rnv 1tpaYJ.la'ttte6n]'ta, J.lE'ta1tAUSEt 0''tT) q>av'taO"ia rou 'tT)v 1tpaYJ.lanteo'tT)'ta, yta vd O'UJ.lq>ffiVEi J.lE'tOll~ EUO'EJ3Ei~ rou 1t090u~. 'H 1tOAt'tttei) J.la~ 'JIuxoAoyia OEV J.l1topEi va elvat 'ti1tO'tE UAAO a1tO 'tT) OtEPEUVT)O"r]u'to~ 't0~ «U1tOteEtJlEVtteOD1tapuyov'ta 'tfj~ a iO''topia~», 'tT) OtEPEUVT)O"T) 'tfl~ xapate'tT)pOAOYttefj~ OOJ.lfj~ 'troY av9pro1tffiV J.ltu~ 6ptO'J.lEVT)~S1tOxfj~ teai 'tfl~ iOeoAOyttefj~ OOJ.lfj~ 'tfl~ KOtvffivia~ 'tOU~.. Mv avn'tUO"O"E'tat o"Ti] J.lapStO''ttteT] teOtVffivlOAoyia, 01tffi~ A·X· it aV'ttopaO''ttte" 'JIuxoAoyia teat i) 'JIUXOAOytO''ttK" OiKOVoJ.lia, 1tpOJ3UAAOV'tU~'tT)~ J.lUl «'JIUXOAOytteT]aV'tiAT)'l'T)) 'tOD teOtVffiVtKOf)J3iou, aAAa SV'tUO'O'E'tat, 0"' eva 6PtO"JlEVO O'T)J.lEio,0''tT] J.laPStKi} Bseopin, 1tOll ssap'tu 'tT) O'uVEiOT)O"T) 'tOY a1to 54

teOlVffiVtteOJ3io. 'H q>pUO'T)'t0~ MupS, o'tt it «i5AT)) ('to Elver) JlE'taJ3uAAE'tat JlEO"a O"'to VO~ 'to~ avSpronou 0'6 «ioEa», Kt 6Xt dV'tiO"'tpoq>a, aq>TJVEtaVOtX'ta ouo spffi'tTJJ.la'ta: 1tplO'tov, 1t1O~O"UJ.lJ3aiVEt au'to; 'ti yivE'tat J.lEO"a «O"'to teEq>UAt 'to~ av9pro1tou»; ~EU'tEPO, 1tro~ S1tt0PU au'tT] fI «O"uvEioT)O"T)) sq>EsfI~ so. 'tT)V 6vo( J.lU1;OUJ.lE'l'uxttci] OOJllJ») 1tUVffi o"'tT]V obcovouucn otaotteaO'ia; « Ao'to 'to XUO"J.la YEJ.li1;Et t xapate'tT)pOavaAu'tttei} 'JIuxoAoyia, a1tOi KaM1t'toV'ta~ 'tT] otaotte(lO'ia J.lEO'a o"'tT]V'l'UXtKT] Sffi" 't0~ avSpro1tOU 1t0\) KaSopi1;E'tat a1tO 'tt~ O'UVSflKE~'t0~ J3iou roo. M' au'to 'tOY' 'tP01tO O'UAAaJ.lJ3uVEt'tov «fmOteEtJ.lEVtteo 1tapuyov'ta», 1t0\) Mv 'tOY aV'ttAaJ.lJ3uvE'tat 6 J.lapStO"'ti)~. 'H 1tOAt'ttteT) 'JIuxoAoyia BXEt AOl1tOV ev' aUO"'tT)pd teaSOptO'J.lEVO J.lEAT)J.la.A6V J.l1topEi J3EJ3ata vd SST)yi)O'Et 'tT) YEVEO"T) 'tastKfI~ KotVffiVia~ t'( 'tov teE'tfl~ <paA~tOtepa'ttKo 'tP01tO 'tfl~ 1tapaYffiYfl~ (o'tav S1ttXEtPEi KU'tt 'tE'toto, 1tPOKU1t'tEt Ka'ta xcvovu KU1tOta dV'ttopaO"'ttteT] avoT)O'ia, 01tffi~ 1t.X. 5n 6 KEq>aAalOtepa'tto"J.lo~ elvot Jlta SKOi)AffiO"T)tfl~ ' 1tAEOVEsia~ 't0~ avSpro1tou). "Oucx; J.lOVOfI 1tOAt'ttteT] 'l'uxoAoyia - xt oxt TJ xotvevncn oixovouta - BXEt 'tT]V iKavo'tT)'ta va SPEUVTJO"Et, 1t1O~dvat OtapSpffiJ.lEVO~ 6 avSpro1ttVO~ xapate'ti)pa~ J.ltU~6PtO"JlEVT)~ s1toXfI~, 1t1O~ O'tcEq>'tE'tat,1t~ opu, 1t~ E1tEVEPYO~V sV'to~ rou oi aV'ttq>uo"Et~ 'tfl~ i)1tapSTJ~ 'tOU, 1t~ 1tpoO"1taSEi va 'ta J3YUAEt1tEpa O"'tO J3io rou, 'ESE'tu1;Et J3EJ3ata J.lOVO'tOV Ka9EKaO"'tO UVSPffi1tO."Orcv OJ.lffi~SSEtOtKEuE'tat O"'tlJ OtEPEUVT)O"T) 'tlOv 'tU1tttelOv'l'UXtKroV q>atV0J.lEVffiV, tOll dvat 1 0" eva xotvevuco O"'tproJla, 0'6 J.lta 'tUST) t'( S1taYYEAJ.la'tttei}6J.luoa Kai 1tapaJlEpi1;Et 'tt~ a't0J.ltte6~ Otaq>opE~, 't6'tE yivE'tat op.atu"f] 1J1VX0).oyla. 'Aq>E'tT)pia 'tT)~ dvat 6 rOto~ 6 MuPS:

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Ei'oalle 1tapa 1tuvro on iJ olxovouucn Kat iJ iOWAOytKiJ Ka"tacr"tacrll mte; Ila~ee; Oe crUIl1ti1t"touv uvaYKacrnKa, Kat IlUAtma on Il1tOPei vd 01tapXet Ile'ta~u rooc JleYUAll OtUmacrll. 'H OiKOVOJ,ltKiJ Ka"tacr'tacrll oe lle"ta"tpe1te"tat lillecra Kat U1teueeiae; cre 1tOAt"t1KiJ cruveiOllcrll· 'AAAtroe;, iJ xoworvncn E1taVamacrll ed etXe yiVet 1tpO 1tOAAOIJ.'E~at"tiae; aU"tfje; 'tfje; otacr"tacrlle; uvallecra cr"tiJv xotvorvixn Ka"tucr"tacrll Kat cr"tiJv KOtvroVtKiJ cruveiOllcrll, iJ epeUva "tfje; Kotvroviae; 1tpE1tet vd etVat otnTJ: 1tapd "to Yeyovoe; on iJ oOlliJ a1tOppEet U1tO "tov obcovouixo f3io, iJ OtKOVOJ,ltKiJ Ka'tacreon 1tpe1tet vu e~e'tacr"tei Ile liAAll IlEeOOO U1tO "tiJ xapaK"tllpOAOytKiJ OOIlTJ. L"tiJV oiKoVOlltKiJ Ka"tamacrll ed EcpapllocrOUlle "tiJ IlE9000 "tfje; KOtvroVtKO-OtKOVOlltKfje; epeUvae;, cr"tiJ xapaK"tllpOAOytKiJ OOJ,liJ "tiJ J,lE9000 "tfje; f3tmI'UXoAoytKfje; SpeUvae;. r.e vd lle"taXetptcr"toIJlle eva a1tA.<'>tapUOetYJ,la: dv EpYU"ee;, 1t0t> At1 1l0K"tOVO\)V e~at"tiae; XallllArov iJllepOlltcr9irov, U1tePYrlcrouv f) KM'l'ouv 'l'roJ,ll, oi 1tpa~ete; roue au"tee; u1toppeouv u1teueeiae; U1tO ~iJv O~KOVOlltKTJ oo; Ka"tucr"tacrll. ·H a1tepyia f) iJ KA01tTJ, AOyro r eKlle"taAAeUcrlle; Kat 1teivae;, oe XPeta~e'tat liAAee; 'lfUXoAoytKee; E~l1yTJcrete;.L"tiJV 1tepi1t"trocrll aU"tiJ iJ iOwAoyia Kat iJ opacrll uV"ta1tOKplvov"tat cr"tiJv OiKOVOlltKiJ 1tiecrll. OlKoVOlltKiJ Ka"tacr"tacrll Kat iowAoyia crull1ti1t"touv. Le "tE"tOtee;1tept1t"trocrete; iJ uvnopacrnKiJ 'l'uxoAoyia e1ttXetpei vd E~1l'YTJcret"td ofjgev liAoya ahta "tfje; a1tepyiae; Kat "tfje; KA01tfje;, 1tpaYlla 1t0t> 6011yei 1tav"tO"te cre dvnopacrnKee; EPllllVeiee;.

o 1tetVacrIlEVOe;i'I yta"ti U1tepyei (, E~aVOpa1tOOtcrJlEVOe;,uAM yta"ti 'Ii 1tAeto'l'l1cpia "trov 1tetvacrllEVrov oe'V KAEf3et Kat Oe'V U1tepyei ~ 1tAeto'l'l1cpia "trov E~avOpa1tOOtcrIlEvroV. ·H xowoivuco-oucovouixn Emcr"tTJllll unopst E1t0IlEvroe;vd E~l1yiJcret hcavo1tOtl1nKd eva KOtVroVlKOqxnvouevo, o"tav f) uv9pro1ttVll vOl1crll Kat 1tpa~l1 01tllpe"CODV evav eAAOYOcrK01tO, 011AaOTJ"tiJv Ixnvonotncn "tfje;uvaYKllC;' Kat eKcppa~ouv cruyxpovroe; ullecra "tTJV olxovopucn Ka"tacr"tacrll· 'A1to"tuxaivel ollroe;, o"tav f) voncn Kat f) opacrll "trov uv9pro1trov f3picrKov"tat crE a'Vrtg;auT} IlE "tiJv obcovouucn Ka"tacr"tacrll, IlE liAAa AOyta, (hav eIvat a}.oye~. '0 uyopaioe; Ilap~tcrlloe; Kat (, olxovoutouoc, 1t0t> OEVuvayvropi~ouv "tTJV'l'uxoAoyia, "tu Xavouv o"tav uvnlle"tro1ti~Ouv aU"tTJ"tiJv uV"ticpacrll. "Oco 1ttO ll11xavlcrnKOe; Kat obcovouoxpcroeuevoc slvrn 0 1tpocrava"toAtcrIlOe; "tol) KOtVroVtoAOYOU, ocro AW0"tepO yvropi~et "tTJv uv9pro1ttVll 001l'r'j, roco nspiocotepo eu 1tapel "to crxfjlla EmcpaVetaKoIJ 'l'UXOAOytcrllOD f) (,llaOtK'r'j rou otacproncrll. ' Avri vu llav"tE'I'et "tTJVuV"ticpacrll IlEcra cr"tiJv 'l'UxiJ "tOD uyeAaiou uv9pro1tou Kat vu 1tpocrna9'r'josi vu "tTJVnupnuapiosi, Ka"tacpeUyet cr' eva crstpo xooetouo, f) E~l1yei "to cpacrtcrnKo KiVlllla cru IltU «()llaotKTJ 'l'UXrocrll»'. Td 1tpof3ATJlla"ta "tfje; (,llaOtKfje; 'l'uxoAoyiae; E1t0IlEV<Oc; apxi~ouv aKptproe; U1tO "to crlllle!O EKe!VO, 01tOU ucr"COXe!1\ apeCfT} KOtVroVtKOoucovouucn epllllVeia. M'r'j1troe; au"to crllllaiVet, mbe; 'r'j ollaOtKTJ 'l'uxoAoyia 1taipVet aV"tiee"tll 9Ecrll U1tO "tTJVKOtVroVtKiJ OLKOVO~LOAoyia ; ~OXl. Ttrrri 'r'j liAOYll Kat uvncpanKTJ vonon Kat counspupopn "trov Ila~rov O"llllepa OcpeiAe"tat cre IltU n(!0T}yovW;'VJ7 KOtVrovtKiJ Kat olxovojuxn Ka"tacr"taoll. 'H uVaoXecrll "tfje; KOtVWVtKfje; OUVeiOll0llC; E~l1Yehat ouv'r'j9roe; IlE "tTJAe'Y0lleVll «1tapaOOOll»· ,AAAU xuvek; ~ "tu "tropa oev EKaVe rov K01tO vu spsovncet, "ti slvct aU"tiJ 'Ii «1tapaoooll», 1troe;E1teVeP'Ye!IlEOa o"toV'I'UXlollo "COD uv9pro1tou, "ti AO'Yfje;'l'UXtKu qxnvouevc "tiJv EKcppa~ouv. '0 OiKO1. MUI KUt 0 OtKOV0I10ADYO~ lie YVIDpi~el, outs avuyvIDpi~El
'tt~ «\jIUX1KE<;; lituolKucrie<;;» ij «0I1U01Kll \jIUXIDcrrp> Mv etvoi Yl' ulnDv, OTt~ elvor YUl l1a~, EVu repdo-no Ioropucd l3upucriJl1uv'to KOWIDV1KO <patVOI1EVO, UA'J..:UTtAlO<; EVu acriJl1uv'to UI1EATj'tEO Ttnoxa.

"tiJv KOtVroVtKTJ'1lUxoAoyia "to ~TJ"tlllla etvat uKptf3roe; uv"tirrrpoqio : EKdvo 1t0t> 1tpE1tet vu e~1l'Y119d, oev slvm yta"ti KMf3et

58

59

VOJ.ltO"lloe; ~xet ~ 'ta 'tmpa 1t(lpaf3M'I'et, on 'to lCOpto ~ll'tt)lla oev elvat va exet i1 v· a1tOlC'tllO"et6 epya~6118voe; 'tTt O't.>Veiot)O"t)tfie; ' lCOtvrovtlCfie;'too eMuvt)e;, (au'to e~01talCoue'tat I). To lCOptO ~1l'tt)lla slvct : xl avamLUet, -d avaxat1:tCet T", aVVet&]TonotrWTj
Tfj~ XOtVWVtxfj~

e:V()Vvrj~.

'H ayvota 'tfie; xapalC'tt)ptlCfie; oOllfie; 'tfbv lla~d')V lCa'taA.llyet ouvsxfbe; O"e ayovooe; 1tpof3A.t)lla'ttO"llOUe;lCat O"'teipee; SPllt)veiee;. Ol lCOllllOOvtO"'tee;a1tooioav, 1t.X., 'tTtv lCa'taA.t)'I't) 'tfie; e~ooO"iae; a1to 'to cpaO"tO"110O"'tTtv 1tapWCAavt)nlCTt 1tOAt'ttlCTt 'tfie; O"oO"taA.ot)llolCpa'tiae;. 'H e~llY11O"t)au'tTt llde; ecpepe 0"' aou3~000, t1tet0Tt alCpt-

f3fbc;lCUptOyvmptO"lla 'tfie; O"oO"taA.at)llolCpa'tiae; 'fj'tav on lCaA.A.tepyoOO"e 'tte; aU'ta1ta'tee;. ~Apn f) SPllt)veia 'too'tt) oev 65t)yei O"eYEa 1tOA.t'ttlCTt tpa~t). 'E~iO"oo ayovt) elvat f) aA.A.t) tlCetVt), 1tOU nps1 O"f3eoet on f) 1tOA.tnlCTtaV'tiopaO"t) «O"OO"lConO"e», «1tapa1tAavt)O"e» lCat «l)1tVm'ttO"e» 'tie; lla~ee; liE 'to 1tpoO"ro1tO'toO cpaO"tO"lloO. •AA.A.· aU'tTt alCptf3fbc; elvat lCai Sa slvrn mlv'to'te f) Aet'toupyia 'toO cpa-

O"tO"llOO.Ken 'tE'tOtee; epllt)veiee; dpa oev avoiyoov xcvsvc YEO apOllO. 'H 1teipa llde; OtOO;O"lCet, au'toO 'tOO eiooue; ol XtAtOon et1t°llevee; «a1tolCaM'I'ete;» oe O"OYKtVOOVU'te 1teiSoov 'tie; lla~ee;. o ~ Apu, oev apKei f) KOtVroVtKTtKai oiKoVOlltKTt epeuva Kat of SPllt)veiee; 'tt)e;. Llev slvoi A.Ot1tOV AOytKO va pro'tllO"oulle; 'ti alCptf3fbe; O"ollPaivet f-teaa atu; ,{dte, Tl~ f-£flCe~, 1tOU 'tie; eKave vd llTtv 111tOPOOvKat va llTt StA.OOV va Ka'taMpoov 'tTt A.et'toopyia 'tOO cpaO"tO"lloO; 'H O"OVt)StO"llEVt) 'tU1ttKTta1tocpavO"t) ; «Ol epya'tee; ocpetAovv va O"ovetot)'to1tOtllO"ouv ... » i1 «LlEv Ka'taA.apalle on ... » oe\! t~o1tt)pe'tei Kavtva Kai 'ti1to'te. Turrt, AOt1tOV,08 O"Ovetot)'to1tOtoUV of epya'tee;, Kai yta'ti oev Ka'taA.af3alle; 'E~iO"oo dyovt) 'fj'tav Kai f) StO"t) 'toO ~t)'ttllla'toe; O"'tTtoteve~t) 'tfie; Oe~tde; Kai 'tfie; apto"'tepde; 'toO epYCl'ttKOO KtVtllla'toe;. Of oe~toi U1toO"'tt)pi~av moe; of tpya'tee; oe SeA.av v' ayrovtO"'toOv, ot aptO"'tepoi aV'ta1tavrotiouv moe; aino il'tave MSoe; lleyaA.o, ot epya'tee; 'fj'tav S1tavaorunxot Kai 6 iO"XuptO"llOe;tfie; Oe~tde; O"ll11atVea1tAfbc; 'tTtv npo' ooO"ia 'tfie; s1tavaO"'ta'ttKfie; tOEae;. Kui ol ouo a1to'l'ete;, 118 'to «strs-etrs» roix, etvat llt)XaVtO"nKa a1toAtSrollEvee;. l:0llCProvo ~ 'tTtv 1tpaYllanKo'tt)'ta Sa 'fj'tav, vd ota1ttO"'tmO"ete;,o'tt 6 lltO"Oe; spya'tt)e; KpUpet lltO"a 'too lltaV aV'ticpaO"t), xt S1t0llevroe; oev etvUt 60

vaO"'ta'ttKa 'too i1 'ta aV'ttopaO"'ttKa ron aiO"Stllla'ta. To tOto iO"xuet Kai yta 'to uecoccro. Ka'taAapaivoolle allEO"roe; pEpatU, yta'ti l;~eyelpe'tat evav'tiov 'toO «oucrnuuro;» 0"' t1toxee; oiKoVOlltKfie; KpiO"t)e;' tKeivo, 1tOU oev 111tOpoOlle va Ka'taA.apOOlle allEO"roe; KOtvroVtKO-OtKOVOlltKa, elvm, 5n, 1tap' OA.t) 'tTtV olxovouixf 'too t~aSA.iroO"t), 'tPEll8t 'tTtV 1tpOOOO Kai Ka't'av'taet dKpOe; av'ttopaO"'ttlCOe;.Kt 6 uecocoroc dpa elVat 'l'0XtKa OtaO"1tUO"llEVOe; avausou O"'to t1tUVamu'ttKo 'too aiO"St)lla Kai 'tie; avnopamtKee; tOEee;. ~Av SEAoolle va. omO"oolle lila KOtVroVtoAOytKa 6AOKA.t)ProllEVt) sPllt)veia svoe; 1toMllOU A..X., oev apKei vd Ota1ttO"'tmO"oOl!e'ta dOtKa olxovouucd lCai 1tOA.t'ttKa ai'ttu, 1tOU'tOY KaSopi~oov opeaa, 51troe;, osp' ei1teiv, O"'ta 1914, 'ta O"XEOta'tfie; Tepucvicc, va 1tpoO"ap'tllO"et 'ta O"tot)propoxeia 'tfie; Me'tp-Mo~8A (Briey Kai Longwy), 'tie; peA.yucee; ptollt)xavucee; 1teptoxEe; lCai va t1telC'telvet 'tie; a1totlCiee; 'tt)e; O"'tTtV 'Aotc- i1 O"'to B' 1taYKoO"lltO 1tOAeuo, 'ta O"Ol!cpEpov'ta 'tfie; Xt'tAeptlCfie; ainolCpa'topiae; yta 'tie; nerpeAat01tt)yee; 'tou M1talCOO, 'tie; PlOllt)xaviee; 'tfie; TO"exoO"AopaKiae; KA1t. Td aU'tOlCpa'tOPtlCa O"ullCPEpov'ta 'tfie; Tspucvtcc 'fj'tav 118V 6 a1tocpaO"tO"'ttKOe;1tapayov'tae; 'tfie; anypfj, lxetvrJr;' aAAa Sa 1tpE1tet va O"Ovo1toAoyiO"oolle xct 'tTtv of-tadtx", 1fYVXOAoytX",/3aaTj 'tfbv 1taYlCoO"lltrov1tOA.Ellrov,Sa 1tpt1tet va pro'tllO"oolle; 1tfbe; 111t0pees 'to 0f-tadtxo-1fYVXOAoytXO U1tEOUcpOe; poocptl~et 'tTtv uU'tova Kpa'toptlCTt ioeoA.oyia, lCai va lle'ta'tpE'I'et 0"8 1tpa~t) 'to alnoKparopucd O"OvStllla'ta - O"oVStllla'ta tlC OtallE'tPOO aV'tige'ta lie 'tTtV eipt)vocptAt) vootponta 'tOO yePllavtlCOO 1tAt)SoO"llOO, 1tOU oEv tvotacpepo'tav lCaSOA.OOyta 'tTtv t1;ro'teptKTt 1tOAt'ttlCtl; Llev dvat flCaV01tOtt)'ttlCTta1taV'tt)O"l1 va pixvoolle 'tTtv eMuvt) O"'tTtv«1tPO61

a1tAfbe; 'l'UXtKa OtUO"1tuO"llEVOe;, OOlltl 'too Otullopcpmve'tut it 'tTt llta lie pta a1to 'tTtV KOtVroVtKll 'too KU'taO"'tuO"t), 1tOU yevt1tUVuO"'tu'ttKee; p01tEe;, am) 'tTtv dAA.t), ollroe;, t1tt)pea~e'tat 'tTt yeVtKtl, 'tTtV «nsptppeooou» a'tlloO"cputpu 'tfie; uU'tapxtlCfie; Kotvroviae;' e'tO"t Ot)lltOupyei'tat O"'tTtv'l'UXll 'too f) aV'ticpaO"t). Elvat a1tapui'tt)'to va ooOlle au'tTt 'tTtv av'ticpaO"t) xci va llaSoolle, 1tfbe; tKot)AmVet 6 spya'tt)e;, O"'tTt O"oYKeKPWEYt) 1tpa~t), 'ta t1tUaAA' a1to vaet a1to

oore

1l0VOO"t)llU t1tuvaO"'ta'tt)e;, ou'te 1l0VOO"t)llU O"oV'tt)pt)'ttKOe;,

oocria 'tfj<; i]yscria<; 'tfj<; B' ~tSeVOD<;»l. Tuxtt AOtnov 7:a eXa7:0p,p,Vela ol cplAeAeV()eeOl xa}, aV7:t-amOXea7:0elXOL leya7:e~ acpfJoove va 7:0V~ neo~waovv; '0 <poJ30<;Ji1tPO<; cr'tt<; crUVE1tStS<; 'tfj<; cr'tpanronKfj<; avu1to'tasia<; unopst va eSTty11crst't~ cr'tucrl1 Jltii<; JitKpfj<; JlOVO JlSwvo'tl1'ta<;. "Onoioc EXSt /';i]crst 'tT]V e1ttcr'tp(hwcrT] 'tOD 1914, sepst on 0 EpyanKo<; 1tAT]eucrJlO<; xs OElSSt 1totKiAS<; d oweEcrSt<;. 'Y1tfjpxs J3EJ3ata fI crUVStOT]'tl1UPVT]crT] Jitii<; Jlsw\jfT]<pia<;. 'AAM YSVtKU, cr't1<;JlSYUAS<;Jlu/,;s<;,BJ3AS1tS Kavd<; Jlta rtupUSSVT] o1to'taYl1 cr'tT) uotpo, Jlta Jlouv'tT) U1tUeSta, 11 Evav EsaAAo 1tOASJltKO EveoucrtacrJlo, axt uovo cr'ti<; Jlscrais<; 'tUSSt<;, Jla &<; JlEcra J3aeta cr'tou<; KOA1tOU<;tfj<; J3WJlT]XaVtKfj<;epyanii<;. 'H uouv' 't11 U1tUeSta 'tIDV JlEV, Kat 6 EsaAAo<; eveoucrtacrJlo<; 'tIDV UAAroV Tt'tav uvaJl<PtcrJ3i]'tT]'ta J3acrtd cr'totxsia 'tfj<; OJlaOtKfj<; \jfuxoAoyia<; 'tOlJ 1tOAEJlOU. Tl1 ASt'toupyia aU'tl1 'tfj<; oJlaotKfi<; \jfuxoAoyia<; cr'tou<; 060 1taYKocrJlWU<;1tOAEJiOU<; Ji1t0POlJJls va 'tl1V Ka'taAui3ouJlS JlOVO, liv uvaAoytcr'tOlJJlS on ij alJ'r;oXea7:0elxiJ l~eoAoyta elxe aAAa~el aVYX8Xelp,8va -d/v "PVXlX~ ~op,~ 7:WV leya1;6p,lWow p,a1;wv, yut 'Va vn'YJeen]ael 7:iJ'V alJ7:0Xea7:0elxiJ nOAl7:lxfJ. TEroiec xotvorvuce; Ka'tampo<pe<; oev Ji1t0POlJV va eST]YT]eOlJV Jie 'to. crspeoroac : «1tOASJltKl1 \jfuxrocrT]» Kat «crucrKoncrT] 'tIDV Jla/,;IDW. ~Av VOJli/';st KaVEl<;, mo<; ot JlU/,;S<; vat roco 1tOAU npootd 'te<; cr'tl1V a1tAl1 oucxorrcn, eo. 1tsi mo<; 'ti<; rrepuppovet i3aeu'ta'ta. To /';i]'tT]Jla elver, nw~ xa()e XOl'VWVlXO ava7:'YJp,a ~lap,Oecpwvel a7:a p,8A'YJ 7:0V 7:l~ ~Op,8~, nov 7:0V xeela1;ov7:al Yla 7:0V~ XVelOV~ axonov~ 7:ov2• Xropic alJ'te<; 'tt<; OJlaOtKe<; xapaK'tT]poOoJle<; oe eo. i'j'tav ouva'to<; Kaveva<; 1t6ASJiO<;. 'Y1tUPXSt Jlta cr'tsvi) crxecrT] aVUJlscra cr'tl1V OlKOVOJltKi) OOJll1 Jitii<; xorvorvice; Kai 'tTJV oJiaotl. TIp!3 .• Evy"eJ.t;, ('E1tuvO,o"tUCHl xul av'te1tuvO,cr'tucrT] cr'ti] Fspuuviu), «'H 1tpoliocriu oev unoost va e1;mi]cret 'ti1to'te cre KUJ,ltO,1tepi1t'trocrT] •.• » Kat, Mae;, ('H 18T] M1tpuJ,luip 'toil Aoulio!3iKOU Bovumip'tT]) : «Msvei va e1;T]'YT]I:leI,mJJ<; unopst evu:; A-u6<; 16 &KU'tOJ,lJ,lUp{rovva ulcpvtotucr'tel Kui va Sl;uvlipU1tOlitcr'tel altO 'tpet<; i1t1t6'te<; 'tfl<; !3toJ,lT]xuviu<;.» (.E.'t.M.) 2. «Oi lliEe<;. 'tfl<; lip~oucru<; 'to'1;T]<;slvct, cre KUge &1tOxi], ot lipXoucre<; iliEe<;, OT]A-Uoi] .., 'tu1;T], 1tOU slvct .., upxoucru VAI"~ OUVUJ,lT]'tfl<; KOtvroviu<; slvai cruvu~u Kui .., up~oucru nvevt-tau"ij OUVUJ,lT].'H 'to,1;T], 1tOV ~Xet crt" o~ugecri] 1:1)<;'tu J,I&cru 'tfl<; UA-tKfI<;1tUpUYcoyfl<;, OtU9&'tet 'tolho 'tuu't6Xpovu Kui 'tu usoc 'tfl<; ltVeUJ,lU'ttKfI<; 1tUpuyroyfl<;, hcrt 'tfl<; slvrn cruVO,J,lU01tO'tUYJ,lBVe<;KU'tU J,lBcrOV {lpo ot iliee<; {lcrrov li&v ~XOUV 'tU J,lEcru 'tfl<; 1tVeUJ,lU'ttJCfl<;1tUPUYroyf'lC;.

Kl1-\jfUXOAOYtKl1 OOJlT] 'tIDV JlSAroV 'tT]<;' axt Jl6VO E1tStOli oi UpXoucrS<; tOEOAOyis<; slvut of iOEOAOyis<; 'tfj<; apxoucra<; 'tUSl1<;, aAM - 1tpuYJla '{toM cr1touoat6'tspo yta 'ti)v E1tiAUcrT] npmcnKIDV 1tPOi3AT]JlairoV 'tfi<; 1tOAtnKfj<;: E1tStOl1 ol a'V7:lcpaaelC; cr'tl1V OtKOVOJltKl1 OtUpepOlcrT] Jltii<; xotvcovice; dvat pt/';OlJlEVS<;JlEcra cr'tTJVoJiaOtKl1 \jfUXOAOytKl1 OOJll1'tIDV Ka'tamscrJlEVOlV aVepO)1tOlV. •AAAtID<;, eo. Tt'tav aotavoT]'tO, on oi ohcovouucoi vouoi Jltii<; KotvOlvia<; Jl1t0POlJV va Ka'taAi]souv crE crUYKSKptJlEVO U1tO'tEAScrJla, JlOVO t1tStoTJ 'tou<; uerououovouv cre 1tpUST] ol tsavopa1toOtcrJlEVS<;Jlu/,;s<;. TO. tAsueSpOlnKa Ktvi]Jla'ta 'tfj<; Tspucvtce; SEpav J3EJ3ata, 't1 cr1touoaio POAO 1tai/,;st 0 «01tOKStJlSVtKO<;crUV'tSAScr'tl1<;tfi<; Icro' pia<;»' (0 Maps aV'ti9s'ta a1to 'tou<; JlT]XaVoKpu'ts<; OAtcr'tE<;EJ3AS1tS 'tOY_uvepOl1tO Ka'tapXl1v crav 01tOKElJlSVO 'tfj<; Icroptuc, Kt 0 i\EVtV avu1t'tuss dOtKID<; aO'tl1 'tl1V 1tAWpa 'tOlJ JlapStcrJlolJ)' EKSivo 1tOU 'tou<; BASt1tS i'j'tav v' uvnAl1<PeOlJV 'tl1V aAoy'YJ, aavp,cpoe'YJ nea~'YJ, Jle UAAa Myw, 'til ~laa7:aa'YJ olxovoulcu; xa}, l~eoAoyla~. 'O<pSiAOUJlS, AOt1t6v, va tSl1yi]croUJlS, m»<; Ka't6peOlcrs 6 uocructcrJlo<; vu vucnost 'tOY tmmT]JlOVtKO crocrtaAtcrJlo. Kt atl'to eu 'to S1tt'tUXOUJlS JiOVO,liv eEcroUJlS crOlcr'tu 'to 1tp6J3AT]Jla, lhcrt roms i] tsi]Y11cri] rou va 6011yi]crSt aM6pJlT]'ta crE YEa 1tpUST]. ~Av 0 tpya/,;6Jlsvo<; OEV slvut uovocnuc t1tavacr'tu'tT]<;, oil'ts Jlov6crl1Jla avnopacrnK6<;, uAM. \jfUXtKU otacr1tacrJiEvo<; U1tO 'ti<; avn<panKe<; E1tavacr'tanKE<; Kat avnopacrnKE<; P01tE<; tV't6<; 'tOU, rors, JltU Kt aVaKaA.U\jfaJlS aO'tl1 'tl1V uV'ti<pacrT], eu 1tPE1tSt avaYKacrnKu va ysvvl1f)ei Jlta yea 1tpaSl1, 1tOU e' avn'tacrcrst cr'ti<; ouvmprrnKe<; \jfUXtKE<; 'tucrSt<; 'ti<; t1tavacr'tanKE<; OUVUJlSt<;.Kues jnxrmctcrJlo<; elvrn avnopacrnKo<; Kai KUeS avnopacrnKo<; avepOl1to<; elvm JlucrnKtcr'ti]<;. "Oruv OJlOl<;XASUU/';OUJlSa1tAID'; 'to uuo'ructouo Kat 'tOY otaypu<pOUJlS JlE 'ti<; AESSt<;: «ouoxortcn» 11 «\jfUXOlcrT]», XOlpi<; vu 'tOY tST]yi]crOUJlS, OEV 1tPO'tElVOUJlSJ3eJ3aw xuvivo. JlE'tpO tvaV'tiov 'tOU. ~Av OJlOl<;Ka'taAuJ3oUJlS crOlcr'tu 'to JlUOt upXOucre<; tOBeC; U1tA.Ul<; ui uovo &KCPPO,COUv K tOEa'tu 'tiC; KUpiupXe<; UA-tKeC; cruV9f1KeC;, n<; KUpiupXe<; OA-tKe<;cruV9f1Ke<; Iitu'tu1tO)jleVe<; cre IOBe<;' lipu 'ti<; crUV9f1Ke<;, 1tOV Ku'tumuivouv aKpt!3111<;KUpiuPXT] 't" J,liu 'tu1;T], lipu 'tiC; cruv9f1KeC;tfl<; KUptUPX{U¢ 'tT]<;». Mae; (,H YepJ,lUvtK" iOeOA-oyiu).

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62

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cr'ttKH1J,lO, 9u I3pouJ,ls UVaYKacr'ttKU Kai 'to UV'tt<pUpJ,laKO.rtu va 'to Ka'topSrocroulls ollro<;, Sa 1tpe1tst 1tpoha va Ka'taAul3oulls, ooo Ilii<; 'to E1tt'tpe1tOuv 'ta YVrocr'ttKUIla<; Ilecra, 'ti<; crxecrst<; avuusou cr'ti<; KOtVroVtKE<; crUV9fjKS<; ni 'ttl OOlltKt) Ihallop<procrll 'tou x xapaK'ttlpa, Kat iOtai'tspa 'ti<; lOes<; EKSivs<;, 1tOUOEVJ,l7tOpOUV vd E~T]yT]SOUv KOtvroVtKO-OtKOVOlltKaKPt'ttlPta, OllAaot) 'ti<; tlAOIlE rE~ Uies<;.

4. 'H K01VroVtK1) AS1'toupyia o"t1)v Ka'ta1tis<Jll 'tije; ysv&tlt<J1ae; OPflije;
'0 Asvtv sIxs 7tpocre~st 7tapa~Svsllevo<;, 'ti aAAoKo'ta Kai uAoya <pepov'tat ol llu1;;s<;. piv U1tO J,ltav E~eysPcrll 11 Ka'ta 'ttl OtuPKStu n 'tT]<;. kxs'ttKa J,lE 'ti<; cr'tpa'ttro'ttKE<; aV'tapcris<; cr'ttl Pmotn ma 1905 uvnuoveosi 'ta e~fj<; :

' , 8' ,~ '8 \ \)' « '0 cr-rpCX't'Lw't"1)e;; CXLcrcxvo-rcxv fLeycxl\lJ crufL7tCX eLCX YLCX-rcx 'olJTIJfLCX-rcx -rwv XWPLXWV' -ra fLcX-rLCX -rou &cr-rpcX<p-rcxv, fL6ALe;; (kxouye va fLLAiXv YLa y~. 'E7tCXVeLAlJfLfLE:vCX etxcxve 7tcXpeL OL cr-rpcx-rLw-ree;; TIjv E~OUcr(CX !! ~\ \ ~\, \ cr-rcx X PLCX -roue;;, ufLwe;; crxeoov rro-re oe <p-rcxcrcxve. vo: XPlJmfL07tOL~" l'~ \ ~" O.L cr-rpcx-rLw-ree;; XAOVL'oOV-rCXV' ')' crouv we;; -ro -rel\oe;; 't"1) OUVCXfLlJ -roue;;. x 7' , cr o-rcovzv XCX7tOLO fLLcrlJ'I'O 'I'OUe;; cxvw'l'epo, XCXLALyee;; wpee;; cxpyo'l'epcx &<p~vcxv 'I'00e;; &MOUe;; EAeu8epoue;;, &px(?:cxve -rl.e;; ~LCX7tpcxYfLcx'l'eucreLe;; fLe 'I'Le;; &pxee;; XCXI. cr'l'exov'l'cxv xcx'l'6m va '1'00<; Ex'l'eAecrouv, ~cX~cxve \ '\ \ L*'i , , \, t:' >' ','1 't"1)V oup« cr-rcx crXt::I\LCXXL cxvexov't'cxv VCX'I'OUe;; ."cxvcx'oe'r0uv cr'l'O ~uy6 ••• ».

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KOtvroVtKt) Ka'tayroyt) Kai ASt'toupyia Ti'\<;O'UJ,l1tspt<popii<;, E J,lii<; O POT]SUS,tva PPOUIlS 1tpaKnKE<; AUcrSt<;.TIapal3A.t1tst e1ticrll<; 'ttl O1>vuP'tllcrll 'tlle; J,lE 'tt)v Ka'ta1tiscrll Kat 'to KoMl3roJ,la 'tfje; ysvs'ttlcrta<; 1;;rofj<; 'troY J,la1;;rov. na va osi~ouJ,ls J,l&1tOtOV'tP01tO J,l1tOpOUV s~s'tacr'tO~v 'ts'tOts<; va UAOyS<;SKOllA.rocrSt<;tfje; 6J,laOtKfj<; 'l'uxoAoyia<;, xpstu1;;s'tat Ilta ' cruv'tOJ,lll S7ttcrK01tllcrll 't(bv 1tpo PAllJ,lu'trov, 1tOU spsuvii 1) ysvs'ttlO1.a oixovoutc. 'H ysvs'ttlO1.a olxovoutc slvrn J,lta 1;;ll'tll'ttKt) J,lsSOOoe;,1tOU otaJ,lOP<ProSllKS O1.ya-01.Yu, o'tav apXtcra va s<papJ,lo1;;rocr'tt) ysvs'ti}O1.a 1;;rol1 'to~ av9pro1tou 't11 9sropia 'tfje; ASt'toupyia<;, Kat eXSt 1tta <p'tucrst crt J,lta ostpd a1tO VSS<;Ota1ttmrocrste;. 8SKtVUSt a1tO n<; aKOAOUSSe;1tPOU1toSscrSte;. '0 Map~ avaKUAu'l'S 5n 1) KOtVroVtKl11;;rol1Ote1tS'tat a1tO 'tOue; opoue; 'tfj<; OiKOVOJ,ltKfj<; 1tapayroyfj<; Kai a1tO 'tl1V 1tUAll 't(bv 'tU~srov, 1tOD ava<pus'tat s~at'tia<; 'toue;. Oi iOtOK'tfj'tS<; 't(bv xoiveVtK(bVJ,lscrrov 1tapayroyfje; 1tOAUcr1tUVta J,l&'taxstpii;;ov'tat 'tl1V dlJ,ll1 pia, yta va S1ttPUAOUV'tl1V KUptaPXia 'tou<; cr'tie; Ka'ta1ttscrJ,levs<; 'tu~Ste;. To KUptO'tSpo 'toue; 01tAO stvat 1) iosoAoyia, 1tODs~oucruI1;;st 'tODe; s~avopa1tootcrJ,lEVou<; Kat cr'tllPi1;;st J,lS 't11 ouvaJ,li} 'tlle; 'tt)v KpanKt) J,lllXavi}. 'Ava<pspaJ,ls 11011on 6 Mae~ ePAS1tS crav 1tPro'tll 1tPOU1tOS&crll 'tfje; tcr'topia<; Kai 'tfj<; 1tOAtnKfj<; 'to 1;;cov'tavo 0llJ,ltOuPytKo uvSpro1t0 J,lS'tt)v \jIUXtKl1Kai 'ttl <pucrtKi}roo iOtocrucr'tacrta. 'H xapaK'tllpOAOytKt) OOJ,lt) 't0~ svspyou avSpro1tOU - 'to~ (<\moKStJ,lsVtKO~ 1tapuyov'ta 'tfj<; tcr'tOpiae;», 01troe;'tOY svvoo~crs 6 Mae~- EJ,lStVS avs~spsuvll'tll, yta'ti 6 Map~ l1'tav KOtvrovtoMyoe;, OXt 'l'uxoMy<><;, Kat cr'ti<; J,lEpSe;roo O&Vlmfjpxs aKOJ,lll S1ttcr'tllJ,lOVtKl1 'l'UXoAoyia. "Erot J,liie;sJ,laSs uovo 'tl1V OiKOVOJ,ltKl1 OtaOtKama J,lEcra cr'tt)v xowrovic Kai 'to J,lllXaVtcrJ,lO'tfj<; OiKOVOJ,lt~fje; eKJ,ls'tuAAsucrll<;. K' sJ,lStVSaVa1tuv'tll'tO 'to spro'tllJ,la: yta 1tOtO A6yo apays avexov'tat ot avSpro1tot XtAtuos<; xp6vta 'tropa 'ttlV SKJ,lS'tUAAsucrll, 'tt)v i}StKt) 'ta1tsivrocrll, 'tOY S~SU'tSAtcrJ,lOKat 'ttl oouAsia; Mtcro airova apy6'tspa 6 tPe6vvl' aVIl;KuAu'l'S J,l&J,ltav siOtKt) J,lSSooo, 1tOD'tt)v Qv6J,lacrs 'l'uxavuAucrll, 'ttl OtaotKacria 1tODKUPSpVUSt 'tl1v 'l'UXtKt) 1;;roi}.Oi cr1touoat6'tsps<; aVaKaAU'I'Ste; roo, 1tOU

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J.ls 'ttl v ,&1tavacrta'ttlCtl ~atvo'toJ.lia roo; aVa'tpB\j!aVe 1tOAA.Ee;xufhepc.oJ.levee; gec.opiee; lCat 1tpOlCaABcrav cr'ttlv apXtl 'to J.licroe;, 'tou lC6crJ.loU &vaV'tiov roo, erVat of alC6Aougee;:
'H O"Uveio1')cr1') tVat !iva J.ltlCpO uovo J.lBpOe;'tile; \j!uxile;' oteu90vee 'tat xt au'ttl a1to \j!UXtlCSe;otaOtlCacriee; ave1tiyvc.ocr'tee;, lCai yui 'to\):o a1tp,?crt'te~ orov sAe'YXo 'tile; O"Uveio1')crlle;: dge \j!UX1lCO yeyovoe;, ~t ae; cpatVe'tat acruvup'tll'to, 01tc.oe;'ta ovetpa, 'ta otucpopa ~ecrtoX1')J.la'ta - OAtcr9T)J.la'ta 'tile; YArocrcrae;, ~acpvtlCse; aJ.lv1')criee; lCA1t.- 'ta 1tapaA1')pT)J.la:ra 'tlov 'l'uxo1ta91Ov xui 'tlov 'tpeAlOv eXet, J.lta Aet't?upyia lCai eva «venue», 1to\:>9a 'to lCa'taVOT)crouJ.l; 1tOAU lCaM, UV J.l1t0pBcroUJ.le vd 'to &v'tu~oUJ.le cr'ttlv 1tpocrc.o1ttlCtl {crt?Pia 'to\) a't6J.lou. "Eren, it 'l'UxoAoyta, 1to\:> &c; 'ttlv &1t0Xtl &lCetVll cpu'to~c.oo\)cre ehe crav Ifva elooe; cpucrtlCile; 'to\) &YlCecpuAou (<<&YlCecpaAtlCtlJ.lU90Aoyia») et'te cra gec.opia lCU1tOtou J.lucr't1')ptalCO\) aV'ttlCetJ.leVtlCo\) 1tveoJ.la'toe;, lCa'ta'tuX'tlllCe cr'ttl cretpa 'tlov cpumlClOv &1ttcrtllJ.llOv.

'H ~eV7:eerJ pey6J.rJ avateUAu\j!ll -q'tav, o'tt lCai 'to J.ltlCpO 1tatoi a~a1t:ocrcret judv ev'tOVl') &pc.o'ttlCtl OpJ.li), 1to\:> osv eXet 'ti1to'te ~a ~avet J.l~ 'ttlv ava1t~payc.oyT)· S1t0J.lEVc.oc;EeW7:£U1/, yever:1/CTta oeprJ, lCai avanaeaywYrJ, yever:1/CTto{; lCai YE'P'P1'J7:tUO{;osv erVat 'tau'tocrllJ.la· it avaAu'ttlCtl &~B'tacrll 'tlov 'l'UXtlClOV &lC01')Arocrec.ov eoet~e, alC6J.lll, o'tt it &pc.o'ttlCtl OpJ.lT) 0 1j~ov69?tAO{; EeW7:tCTp6{;, , avappu~ouv a1to crc.oJ.la'ttlCee; tllyse; lCai erVat 'to lCev'tptlCo Kfv1')'tpo 1 'tile; 'l'UXtlCi'ie; ~c.oile;. Of PtoAoytlCoi 1tapuyov'tee; lCai of lCOtVc.oVtlCse; O"Uv9illCee;O"UYlCA.ivouvapa J.lEcra cr'tTtV \j!UXT).
°H, 'tpi't1') J.le~uA1') a;,alCuAu\j!1') -q'tav, o'tt it 1tatOtlCtl &PCO'ttlCTt OPJ.li), 1tOU &VExet'to 1ttO oucrtacr'ttlCO cr'totxei'o 'tile; crXEcrlle;1tatotO\)-YOVtlOv (ro «oiOt1t60eto crOJ.l1tA.eYJ.la»), 1tc.ogei''tat a1to 'to cp6f.1o 't-PIr a I-' ,.." 'ttJ.lc.optae; lCa't oootcv 'to «a'YXoe; 'to\) euvOUXtcrJ.lou») &~opi~e'tat a1to 'ttlv 1tPU~ll lC' &~aAeicpe'tat a1to 'ttl J.lVT)J.l1'). "Erot 0 a1tc.o91')J.lEVOe; 1tatOtlCoe; &pc.o'ttcrJ.lOe; ecpeoyet J.lsv a1tO 'tOY SA.e'YXo'tile; O"Uveio1')~ 0"1')e;,aA.M Os xuvet lCa96Aou 'tTt oovaJ.lT) roo, aV'tiee'ta OuvaJ.lc.Ovet 1teptcrcr6'tepo lC' &lCOllA.c.Ove'tat rs Otucpopee; VOO"1')pse;ota'tapac xse; 'tile; 'l'uxtlCile; ~c.oile;·'E1tet0tl osv u1tuPxet crxeoov lCaJ.lta e~aipeon cr' au'to 'tOY lCav6va yta 'tOY «1tOAt'ttcrJ.lEVO av9pc.o1to», Otr ( ", •

lCatc.oe;sAeye 0 <I>pouv't, moe; appc.ocr't6e; rou -q'tav oMlCAllPll it av9pc.o1t6'tll'ta. 'H 'tE'tap'tT] CT1tov~a{a avalCuA.u'l'T] -q'tav, o'tt of 1i9tlCee; apxse; oxt J.lOVOoev exouv u1teplC6crJ.lta lCa'tayc.oyi), aA.A' aV'tiGe'ta 1tpOBPxov'tat am) 'ttlv ava'tpocpi), 'ta J.lE'tpa 1to\:>1taipvouv of yovtoi lCai of &lC1tp6crc.o1toiroo; yta va 'tt9acrE'I'ouv 'to 1tatoi a1to 'ttl ppecptlCTt roo it AtlCia. I.'ti)v oucria rooc, 'ta J.lE'tpa aU'ta crlC01tO sxouv vd lCa'ta1tvi~ouv, va oaJ.lucrouv 'tTtV epCO'ttlCTtOPJ.lTt'to\) 1tatoto\), 't1iv EJ.lcpu'tll crc.oJ.la'ttlCtl cptA.1')oovia roo. 'H 1tUA.1'),1tOU apxtlCa otaopaJ.1a'ti~e'tat avuJ.1ecra cr'tie; e1tt9uJ.1iee; 'tol) 1tatotol) lCai 'tie; a1tayopeocrete; 'tlov YOVtlOv, &crc.o'teptlCe6e'tat apy6'tepa, J.1e'toucrtrove'tat cr'tov aOtUlC01tO ayrova 'ti'je; 1i9tlCile; &vav'tiov 'tol) OpJ.1BJ.1cpU'tOU8CTa p cr'tTtV~UXtl 'tol) a'toJ.1ou. Of 1i9tlCSe; iepapxiee;, 1to\:>elvrn lCa9au'tee; ave1tiyvc.ocr'tee;, Ota9B'touv 'tOY eVT)AtlCo av9pc.o1to &x9ptlCa a1tBvavn cr'ttl yvrocr1') 'tlov vouev 'ti'\e; yeve'ti)mae; OpJ.1i'je; lCai 'ti'je; acruveioT]'tT]e; 'l'UxtlCi'\e; ~c.oile;: euvoo\)v 'tTtV amo91')crT] 'ti'\e; yeve'ti)mae; oPJ.1ile; (<<acppootcrtacr'ttlCtl av'ticr'tacr1')>» lC' ihm e~T]yei'tat it av'ticrtacrll 'to\) lC6crJ.1oU svcvrtov 'tol) 1tatOtlCo\) epc.o'ttcrJ.1o\). 'AvacpEpaJ.1e uovo &lCeivee;'tie; avalCaM'I'ete;, 1to\:>EXOUV~exc.optcr'ttl crllJ.1acria yta 'to 9tJ.la J.1ae;. 'H lCaGeJ.1tu 'toue; -q'tav, J.1s'ttlv i51tap~T) 'tT]e; lCai J.10vo, 1tAi'\YJ.1a pap\:> yta 'ttlv av'ttopacr'ttlCTt 1i9tlCtl cptAOcrocpia lCai 'tTt 9pT]crlCeu'ttlCtl J.1e'tacpucrtlCi), 1to\:> u1tepacr1ti~ov'tat lCU1tOtee; airovtee; 1i9tlCee; a~iee;, OtaAaA.o\)v, moe; ~va aV'ttlCetJ.1eVtlCO 1tve\)J.1a lCupepVa 'tOY lC6crJ.10, a1to'tucrcrov'tat 'ttlV 'Aepooi'tT] lCai 1teptopi~ouv 'tTt yeve'tT)crta OPJ.1Tt cr'tTJ A.et'toupyia 'ti'je; ava1tapayc.oyile;. ~OJ.1c.oe;,of avulCaM'I'ete; au'tse; oev J.11t6pecrav v' aO"lCT)crouv 'tTJV &1tiopacrT] 1to\:> 9' av'ttcr'totX0l)cre crtTJV nopeJ.16vtJ.1T]cr1touoat6'tT]'tu roue, &1tetoTJ it 'l'uxaVaA.u'ttlCT] xotvorvtoAoyta, 1tO\:>OilC000J.1T)91')lCe 1tuvc.o roue, avaipecre lCa'ta J.1Bya J.1Bpoe; 'tOY 1tpOOOeu'ttlCO lCt ava'tpe1t'ttlCo roo; 1tupi)va. fl.ev elvat &olo 0 't61toe; v' a1tooei~ouJ.1e au'ti) J.1ae;'tT] ota1ticr'tc.oO"Tj.OR avaA.u'ttlCTJlCOtVc.oVtOAoyia &1ttxeipT]cre v' avaMcret 'tTJV xotvoivtc, 01tc.oe; avuAucre 'to a'toJ.1o· av'tt1tapu'ta~e 'tTJV 1tOAt'ttcr'ttlCTJ 1tp60oo crtT]V epc.o'ttlCtl a1t6AauO"1'), U1tocr'tT)pt~e, 1troe; 'ta lCa'tacr'tpe1t'ttlCa OpJ.lBJ.lcpu'ta -q'tav apXByova PtoA.oytlCa OeOoJ.1EVa,1to\:>lCupepVav alCa'taJ.1uXT]'ta 'to av9pro1ttvo 1te1tpc.oJ.1EVO, pVT)9T]lCe 1:T] J.1T]'tptapXtlCT] a

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7tpoicrtopiu ICt apul;e cr' EVU 7tUPUAUttlCo crKeftttKtcr)lO, e7tEI~hl tpo)lul;e )l7tpO~ crta cru)l7tepucr)lutU a7t' ti~ 'iStE~ ti~ aVUKUAU'l'et~ tTJ~· "Etoi eXet a7to ICUtpOtropu 1tupet EXeptKT) crtucrTJ a7tEV~Vtt cr' lS~OU~E7ttxetPouv vd PYUAOUV UOta ta crU)l7tepucr)lUtU, K ot EK7tPOcrOl1toi 1toAe)lCivcruvexlO~ KUee tetotu 7tpocr7tUeetu. tTJ~ 'AAA' UUtO 3s ea )lCi~aAMl;et ti)v a7tocpucrTJvd uicepucr7ttcrtou)le ouvrovc ti~ )leyuA~ aVUICUAU'I'et~tOU <l>poUVt a7tEVUVtt crtT)V KUee e7tigecrTJ, a1t· 67tOuSil1tote Kt ltv sPXetUt. 'H ~TJtTJttKTj )lEe030~ ti'j~ KOtVroVtKi'j~yevetilcrta~ OiICOVo)liu~ 7tODl;eKivTJcrea7t· UOts~ ti~ avuKuAo'l'e~, 3s )lotu~et )lS ti~ crUVTJ~ etcr)l,EVe~ a1to7tetpe~, va crU)l1tATJProeet Kui va O"U)lcpupeer Mde~ i1 6 )ls tOY tPeomrr, i1 6 tPe6mrr )lS tOY M6.e~. 'Y1toSeil;u)le 1tUPU7tuvro crt 1tOtO aICptp«x; crTJ)leto tOU fcrroptKOU UAtcr)lOU 1tpE7tet va evtuxeet ii 'l'UxuvuAucrTJ, yta va EK1tATJprocretTjv E7ttcrtTJ)lOVtKT) t a7tocrtOAii, 1tOD Stv )l7topet va ElCteMcret ii KOtVrovtKTj olxovouto : va El;etucret tTj OO)lTjKui to 3uvu)ltcr)l0 ti'j~ ioeoAoyiu~, OXt to {crtoptK6 tTJ~ if3ucpo~. 'Evcrro)lutrovOVtU~ ti~ avuKUAO'I'et~ ti'j~ 'l'UxuvuAucrTJ~ ii KOtvrovtoAoyiu cptuvet cr' fvu avrotepo E1ti1teoo, )l1topet va KutuAupet Kui va ~elplcrtet a1toteAecr)luttK6tepu tTjv 1tPUY)lU'tlK6'tTJ'tu, E1tet3Tj yvrop{~el 7tta 'tOY avepro7tO crtTj 30)lil roo. M6vo fvu~ cr'tevoICEcpaAO~1toAtnKo~ ea O'Kecpt6'tuv va KU'tuAoYitcret crti) XUPUKtTJPOUVUAUttKTj O)llICTj 'l'uxoAoyiu, Otl S 3sv )l1topet va 3rocret a)lEcrro~ eUICoAe~1tpUKttK~ O"U)lpouM~' )l6vo fvu~ cproVUO"l(~ 1tOAtttKO~ ed. 'tTjv a7t6ppt1tte 6Arocr3t6AOU, )lS 'to E1ttxeiPTJ)lu, Ott xt UUtTj Exel a7tuvro tTJ~ td. cr'tiY)lu'tu ti'j~ O"'tpepAro)lEVTJ~o"uVtTJPTJttICi'j~ptoeeropiu~. '0 yvf1O'to~ KOtv<OvtoA6yo~ aV'tiee'tu ea 'tTjv EICtt)loucre crav £1ttcrtTJ)loVtKa E1tUVUcr'tunKT) 1tpal;TJ, E7teloTj KUtuAUpuivel tOY 1tU10tKO eprottcr)l6. To crU)l1tEPUcr)lU, Ot7t6v, dVU1, Ott ii yeVetilcrlu .01ICovo)liu, 1tOD A OiKoOO)lettut 1tavro cr'tO xOt'PWVtxo ee)lEAto 'tOU Mde~ Kui oro 1JIVXOAoytXO ee)lEA10 'tou tPeOVV7: elvul crtTjv oucriu tTJ~ crUYXp6vox KOlVroVtKTj 7tlcrtil)lll ti'j~ 6)lU01Ki'j~ 'l'uxoAoyiu~ Kui 'ti'j~ yee Vetitcrlu~ olKovo)liu~. SeKtVuet a7to Ket 07tOU, )le'ta 'tTjv avuipecrTJ
68

ti'j~ 7tOAlttcrttKi'j~ CP1AOcrocpiu~ <l>pouVtl, teAelrovel f) ICA1V1ICT) tol) -'I'UXOAOY1Ki)peuvu ti'j~ 'l'UXUVUAUcrTJ~. s 'H 'l'UXUvaAucrTJ)lCi~a7toICuAo7ttet 'ti~ £7teVEpyele~ Kui tOD~ )lTJXUVtcr)lOD~ ti'j~ KUtu7tiecrll~ Kui ti'j~ a7troeTJcrll~ ti'j~ yeve'titcrtu~ 6p)li'j~ ICui ta voonpa 'tTJ~ a7toteAEcr)lu'tu )lEcrU crtO KueElCucrto u'to)lo. 'H xowovncn yeve'tilcrlu oixovoutc cruvexi~el : yta 7tOla KOtVroVlOAOY1ICi) uitiu KU'tumE~et f) xoworvic Kui a7troeei to utO)lo 'ti)v EprottICf) rou 6p)lil ; rrOAAE~ a7tUVtitcrel~ 06ellICuv crs tOUtO to EpO)'tTJ)lU.H £KICAllcriu ' AEet, yta 'ti) otornpic 'ti'j~ 'l'uxi'j~ )lu~ crov UAAO xoouo, 'H uucrttICT)itellCT) cptAocrocpiu Met, El;ut'tiu~ ti'j~ aiotu~ itelKi'j~ cpocrTJ~ 'tOU aVepc07tOu. 'R 7tOAtttcrttKT) cptAocrocpiu 'tOU <l>p6uv't otu'teiVEtUt, 1tro~ 01.,' uuta cru)lpuivouv Yla XUPll tOU «7tOAtttcr)lOU». '07t6te apXi~oU)le v' a1topou)le, 7t~ elvut OUVUtOva e)l7tooi~et tT)v ICUtucrKeUT)7tetpeAutooel;u)levlOv Kui aepo7tAavrov 6 UUVUVtcr)lO~ 'tlOv 7tUtOtlOvKui ol tprottICS~ crxecret~ 'tlOv ecpilProv. 'Y7tO'l'ta~6)lucrte, 7tcb~OEVslvm f) 1tOAlttcrttICi) 1tp60oo~ UUtTjKueuutil, 7tOll a7tuttei tTjv Kutu7tiecrll tOU 7tut3tICOUKai 'tOU £CPllPtKOU EProncr)lou, aAM uovo ol O'1l)leptv~ )lOPCPE~'tTJ~' 67t6te )lE xupa )lEyaATJ ea eucrtu~u)le ti~ )l0PCPE~,(iv UUtO ea tl;ocr'tpUKt~e 'tT)V u)le'tpTJ 3ucr'tuXiu tlOv 7tutOllOVxai tlOv sCPitProv. To ~ittTJ)lU 't6te osv slvci 7tOAtttcrttK6, aAAa eE)lU KOtvroVtKi'j~OtUpeprocrll~. ~Av )leAEtilcrou)le tTjv Ioropiu 'ti'j~ ICutu7tiecrTJ~ 'tou Eprottcr)lOI) xci 'tT)V1tPOEAeucrTJti'j~ a7tcOeTJcrTJ~ yeve'tilO'tou 6p)lE)lCPUtOU,ea 'tOU olumcr'tcOcrou)le 7tro~ OEVU7tUPXOUV 'tEtOtU 1tpaY)lutu crti~ a1tupr."E~'ti'j~ 7tOAtncrnKi'j~ ava1t'tul;ll~' apu oAv slvct ol 7tpOU1tOeEcret~ tol) 7tOAtttcr)lol)' 1tprotOOtU)l0PCPcOVOVtUt crxetllClO~ apya, )lE ti)v E)lcpaVtcrTJ 'ti'j~ UUtUPXt1(i'j~7tUtptupxiu~ KUt tlOv 'tUl;tKlOVOtucpoptcr)llOv. r UUti) tTj cpacrll 'tOU 1toAmcr)lou, of yevetitcrte~ avayKe~ 'tOU crUV6AOUapxi~otiv va U7tOOOUAcOVOVtUl KepoocrICocrta 7ttKa O"U)lcpepov'tu)lta~ )letov6tTJtu~. 'H Olu01KUcriu UUti) 7tuipvet J.lta 7tayta opyuvrottlCi) )lOpcpi) )lS tO~ eecr)lOD~'tOU 7tUtptUPX11C0U
1. ·OltOU, nap' oM> rov {OEaA.tcrJ.lO, mipx.ouv cruYKev'tproJ,ttve~ ItOA.\) Iteptcr· u (1('l1:epe~ a~1igete~ YUl 'ttl ~ooV'tavr) ~oo1i, nap' <iTt cr' ()A.~ J.la~l 'tl~ KOlVOOVlOAoyieS Kai cre KUltOle~ J.lap1;lcrtlKe~ 'VuxoA.oyi~.

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yaJlou Kal. 'tfj~ 1ta'tptapXtKfj~ otKoyeVeta~. Mt rov 1teptoptoJlo Kal. 'tTJVKa'ta1tieoll 'tfj~ yeve'ti}O"ta~ 6PJlfj~ Jle'taoXllJla'tise'tat 'to eUJltKO 'tot> avepro1tOU, yevvte'tat it apVlloi<PUA.ll aV't'tatoell0taKTJ 9PlloKeia, 1tOU{opuet 'tTJ OtKit 'tll~ a<PPOOtOt01tOA.t't'tKTJ opyavoxrn , 'tTJv EKKA.lloia, Jl' OA.OU~ 'tou~ 1tpOOPOJlOU~ Kal. 1tpo<pfj'te~ 'tll~, Jlt JlovaOtKO OK01tO, va ~eptsrooet 'tTJVEpro'ttKTJc5pe~l1 Kal. <PtA.ll00via 'tot> avepro1tOU, K' e'tot Kal. 'tTJV1tapaJltKPTJ eMawovia Jleoa o'tov KOOJlO'tot>'to. ·01..' au'ta exouv ~e~ata 'to xotvovroxoytKO 'tOU~ ahto o'tTJV 1tpoiot>oa EKJ1E'taA.A.eUolltfj~ Epya't'tKfj~ ' 06vaJlll~ 'tot> avepro1tOu. na va Ka'taM~ouJle aU'tTJ'tTJVaA.A.llA.OUXia, xpetase'tat vd JleA.e'titoouJle 'to eelleA.to EKetvo xowevuco Bsouo, 01tOUcruvav'ttrov'tat Kal. cruvu<pa{vov'tat it olKoVOlltKTJ Kal. it yeve'tll0to-otKOVOlltKTJ Ka'tao'taoll 'tfj~ aU'tapXtKfj~ 1ta'tptapXtKfj~ xoivevtcc. Xeoptc 'tTJ J1EA.E'tllaU'tot> 'tot> geollot> Mv e{vat ouva'to va Ka'tavoi)ooulle 'tTJ yeve'titota otxovoutn Kal. 'tTJV10eoA.oytKTJ1tpo~aOll 'tfj~ 1ta'tptapxia~. <H 'l'uxavaA.UOll av9pro1trov 61totaooi)1to'te itA.tKia~, E9vtKo'tll'ta~ Kal. KOtVroVtKfj~0'ta91l11~ Ilu~ oeixvet, o't't ?j m)p::n:k7:fj~ ol'XoVOIU'Xo'XOL'VWVl'Xfj~ dUle()ewaf}~ 'Xat 7:fj~ ye'Pe7:r}(1ta~

KOUO «KaA.o» Kal. «npoocpuoouevo» Ilt 'tTJVaU't'apxtKTJ' 0111laoia 'to)v oprov. <R aVaOXeOll 'tfj~ yeve'ti)ot~ 6Pllfj~ 1tapaA.6et 't'i.~ E1taVao't'a't'tKt~ ouvallet~ 'tot> avepro1tOD, E1tetOTJa1tO Ket Kal. 1tepa Kaee srov't'avit, EA.eugepta 1tapOPlllloll elvm <POP't'rollevll il'YX0~· a1tayopeuov't'a~ 'tTJV Epro't'tKTJ1teptEpyeta, 1tpOKaA.et Ilta yeVtKTJaVaaxeOll o't'o A.oytOJlO Kal. o't'TJVKPt't'tKTJ06vallll. TtA.O~, OK01tO~'t'11~elvct va <p't'ta~et rov U1titKoo, 'tov 1tpOoaPlloollevo o't'TJVaU'tapxtKTJ 't'a~l1, 1tOUaveXe't'at Kap'teptlCd 't'TJVKaKollOtpta Kal. 't'TJv 't'a1teivrooll. <Q~ 1tpO)'to o'taoto, 'to 1tatol. ell't'euet o'to aU'tapxtKO utxpoxpero; 'tfj~ otKoyeVeta~ Kal. 1tpe1tet va npooupuocret o't'TJ oOlli) 'tll~, YUl va ll1topeoet apyo'tepa va EV't'axeet o'to yeVtKO 1tA.aioto 't'fj~ Kotvrovia~ ." H aVTaexlxij dlci:n:Aaaf} 7:0V av()eW:TlOVavv7:eki7:al - au'to 1tpe1tet va 'to eUllollao't'e 1tav't'O't'e"vetw~ f.le 7:0 etCw#a 7:fj~ a1'claxeaf}~ 'Xat 7:0V ayxovq; #eaa (17:0 Cwv'tavD -OAl'XO 7:0V ye'Pe7:7}alOvOef.lewpv'tov. ea Ka'taM~oulle alleoro~, yta't'i it yeve't'i)ota obcovoutc geropet 't'TJV obcoyavstu ro~'to o1touoato'tepo KEV'tpO1tapayroyfj~ 'tot> aO't'apXtKOt>xotvcrvucof ouo't'itlla't'o~, liv A.a~Oulle \mo'l'l1 Ila~ 'to 1tapaOetYlla IltU~ IlEoll~ OUV't'l1Pll't'tKfj~epya't'tooa~. IIetvaet xt au'ti), 000 Kal. Ilta <ptA.eA.eugepllEpya't'tooa, ~pioKe't'at lipa o'tTJV 10ta o{KOVOlltKTJ a'tao'taoll, 01tro~ Kal. xstvn - aA.A.a 'l'l1<piset <paO"tK 01l0. "Orcv ota1tto'troooulle a1tO 1tavro, on of OUOaU'tt~ yuvatKe~ exouv Kai. ota<popenKt~ aV't'tA.i)'I'et~ yta 't'TJVEpro't'tKTJsroi}, 't'o't'e Ka't'aA.a~aivOulle Kal. 't'TJv Kaipta 0111laoia 't~ yeve't'itO"ta~ 00Ilfj~: it av't't-a{oell0taKTJ itetKTJ avaoxeoll EIl1tooiset 'tTJ oovrnPll't'tKTJyuvaiKa, va cruvetOll't'01tOtitoet 't'TJVKOtvroVtKi) 't'11~geoll,

do#fj~ aVV7:eAOVV7:al(17:a :Tleiina r6aaeea dk :TleV7:exe6vla 7:fj~ :Tlal&'Xfj~ ?jAl'Xta~ f.leaa (17:ijv aV7:aexl'Xij ol'XoyeVela. <H EKKA.lloia aVaA.all~aVet apyo'tepa va ouvexioet a1tA.O)~au'to 'to pOA.o.
"Etot, 'to aU'tapxtKo Kpa'to~ aVa1t'tUOOet 't'a 'tepao't'ta oUIl<Pepov'ta 'tOD Ileoa o'tTJVaU'tapxtKTJ olKoyeveta: ?j ol'Xoyeveta elva: 7:0 ee-

do#* 7:fj~ 'XoL'Vwvta~'Xa()w~ 'Xat ?j avanaeaYW'Y17 7:fj~ 'XOlVWVl'Xfj~

YO(17:clalO 7:fj~ ~o#fj~ 7:0V 'Xat 7:fj~ MeoAoytaq; 7:0V.

Bpi)Kalle 'to eeollo, 01tOU cruvuqjaivov't'at 'ta yeve'titota Kal. 'ta otKoVOlltKa oUIl<Pepov't'a 'tot> au'taPXt1cot> Kpa'to~. IIpe1tet 't'ropa va pro't'i)ooulle, 1t0)~cruv't'eA.et'tat aU't'TJit OUIl1tA.e~l1Kal. tOtO~eIvat 1 6 ll11xaVtOllo~ 'tll~· Kui 00) 'tTJVa1taV'tll0ll Ilu~ 'tTJ oivet it avaA.DOll'tfj~ xapaK'tllpoOOllfj~ 'tot> aV't'tOpaO'ttKOt>a'tOlloU (oUIl1teptA.all~aVollevou Kai. 'tot> Epya't'l1), apKei ~e~ata it aVaA.UOll v' aOX°A.lleet Il' au'to 'to si)'tlllla. <H itetKTJ avaXai't'toll 't'fj~ ell<pu't'l1~ yeve'ti)ota~ 6Pllfj~ 'tot> 1tatotot>, 1tOU o'tTJV 't'eA.eu't'aia 't'11~<Paoll 'tpollaset 'to IltKPO 1tatOl. 1t~ 9a ~A.a<p'tot>v't'a y8VVf}7:l'Xd 7:0V 0eyava, KaVet 'to 1tatol. <PO~toIlEvo, v'tpo1taM, apxo<po~o, \ma70

't'TJMvet o<ptX'ta Ilt 't'TJV EKKA.lloia, rooo IlUA.A.OVtOUit EKKA.lloia 1 't'TJV epouoxpctst Ilt rov «1l1tOA.Oe~tKtKO a<ppoOtO"taollo». eeropll't'tlCd 'ta 1tpaYlla'ta exouv ro~ S~fj~: 6 ll11xaVOKpanKa oICe1t't'ousvo; ayopato~ llap~to't'TJ~ ea U1tOeeoet, 1tro~it oUVetOll't01toill0ll 't'fj~ KOtVroVtKfj~ eeC1l1~ea eIvat 1tOA.U eV't'ovll, o'tav o't'TJVOtICO1tt0 VOlltKTJouo1tpayia 1tpoo'teget it Epro'ttKTJKaKouxia. :Eull<prova Il' aU't'TJ't'TJV u1t0geOll, eu e1tpe1te of yuvatICe~ ICal.of e<pll~Ot va slvct 1t0A.U1ttO E1tavacr't'a'tllIlEVOt a1to 'tou~ liv't'pe~. To aV't'iee'to aKpt~O)~oUIl~aivet, Kal. 6 olxovouoxovo; Ila~ ~pioKe't'at 0' a1tOA.u't'l1 Ullllxavia ll1tpO~ 0' aU'to 'to <patVollevo. fltv ll1topei Ka90wu va 71

Ka'taAapst, yta'ti fJ av't'topaCY't'tlC'll yuvaiKa OE flEAst, oil't's xdv v' aKOUCYSt'to OiKOVOJltKO rou ltpoypaJlJla. 'Ioou fJ s~ijYTICY11 fJ : Ka'taCY'toAl] 'tfje; SKltAijpOOCY11e; 'trov Kaflapa UAtKrov aVaYKrov, ij olKovoJltKl] CY'tEP11CY11, EXSt 'tsAsiooe; otacpOpS't'tKO alto'tEAsCYJla altO 'tl]v avaCY't'OAl] 'tfje; SKltAijpOOCY11e; ysvs'tijCYtae; s1ttfluJliae;, 'tfje; 'tl]V Spoo't'tKl] CY'tEP11CY11. ltPc.O't11ool1ysi CY'tTJV 'R aV'tapCYia· fJ osu'tsP11 aV'ties'taltpoKaAsi 'tl]V altc.Ofl11CY11 spoo't'tKrov OPJlEJlCPU'tOOV, 'trov 'ta tK'tOlti/;St altO 'tTJ CYuvd011CY11 al Ka'taCY'taA<i/;St CY'tl]V'l'UXl] K cyav f}fltKTJ liJluva - E'tcrt tJlltooi/;st va Ka'taAij~et CY'E~tyepCY11, OX! uovo f} SPOO't'tKTJ Y'tSP11CY11, C (UJ.a xai ~ olXOVOp,lX~. MaAtCY'ta Kt aO'tTJ aKOJl11 f} altc.Ofl11CY11 E~EYSpCY11e; 'tfje; yive'tat ultoCYuvdo11'ta. ~'tTJ CYuvd011CY11 'to\) Jltcyou altoAt't'tKO\) avflpc.Oltou OEV Ultapxet Oll't'S ixvoe; 't11e;. To alto'tEAsCYJla dvat CYUV't11P11't'tCYJloe;, poe; cpO 'tfje; EAeuflepiae;, aV't'topaCY't'tKTJ voorponiu. OR altc.Ofl11CY11 ysve'tijcrtae; E1ttfluJliae; EVtCYXUet'tTJv ltOAt't'tKTJ 'tfje; av-:iopaCY11, OXt uovo EltetOl] KaVet '00 ayeAaio li'toJlo ltafl11't'tKo, CtOtacpopo xui altoAt't'tKo· aAM yta'tt 0l1JltoUpysi Jl6cya CY'tl]OOJlij rou Jlta OSU'tSP11QUvaJl11, ~va 'tsxv11'to CYUJlCP6pov,tOU CY't11pi/;StKat l Evspya 'to aO'tapxtKo crUCY't11Jla."Oruv fJ EPOO't'tKl]E1ttfluJlia EJlltOoi/;e'tat altO 'tl] ysvs'tijCYta altc.Ofl11CY11 OEV Jlltopsi va ppei Kat 'tTJ cpuCYtoAoytKij 't11e; ltAijpOOCY11, 'to'te Ka'tacpsuyet CYEKafle Aoyfje; UltOKa'taCY'ta'ta. ~E'tCYt, AOYou XaP11 , ij CPUCYtKl]E1ttfle't'tKo't11'ta o~uve'tat Kat Ka'taV'taet cyaOtCY't'tKl]K't11voooia· aO'toe; 0 JlaVtaKoe; cyaotCYJlOe;dvat oOCYtaCY't'tKO CY'totxeio 'tfje; OJlaOtKfje; 'l'UXoAoytKfje; aCY11e;'t&v aO'tOKpa't'OptK&v ltOA6JlOOv. 0' avacp6poo liAAo Eva P ltapaoetYJla: fJ crpcroxpcrtu CY't11Pi/;st 'tTJv OJlaOtKTJ 'l'UxoAoytKij 't11e; EltiopaCY11 CY'~vav EPOO't'tKOJl11XaVtCYJlo: fJ aicyfl11CYtaKl] EA~l1 'tfje; mOAfje;, fJ yeve'tijCYta otEyepCY11, ltOU ltpoKaAo\)v JlE'tl] PUflJltKij 'toue; KiV11CY11f ltapeA<icyete;, fJ E1ttOStX't'tKl] - KOKOpio oto - EJlCPaVtCY11 'to\) CY'tpa't'too't'tKoD slvm yta 'to Ult11Ps'tptaKt i1 yta 'tTJV oltotaoijlto'ts KOJlJlonpta cp&e; cpavspo ~ OXt OJlooe; Kat yta 'toue; JlOPCPOOJl6VOUe; ltOAt't'tKoue; Jlae;. "Ouox; fJ ltOAt't'tKl] aV'tiopaCY11XP11crtJl0ltOtel cyuVet011'ta aO'ta 'ta aicyfl11CYtaKa CYUJlcp6pov'ta. ~OXt uovo Ka'taCYKsua/;et ltapoaAEe; CY'tOA6e;,cyav 'tl]V oopa 'to\) ltayoovtou, yta 'toue; uV't'pee;, aAM Jle'taxetpi/;e'tat Kat eAKuCY't'tKse; yuvaiKee; yta 'tl] CY'tpa'toAoytKij 't11e; otaCPfJJltCY11. Ae; fluJl11flouJle, " 72

x. 'tte;, xpOOJla't'tCY'tEe;Otacp11Jlicyete; 'trov ltOASJlOXapoov ouvaJleoov, rcou Atyav nsptnou 'ta t~fje; : «... fl6Aete; va yvoopicyete; ~6vee; X&Av pee, Ka'ta'ta~ou CY'tOBaCYtAtKo Nuunxo», Kt of ~6vse; xropee; eIXav 'ttl JlOPCPl] E~oo't'tK&V Ka/.Aov&v. Kat yta'ti 'taxa Elt11pea/;ouv au'tEe; of OtaCP11JltCY't'tKEe; shcovsc; 'EltstoTJ fJ veoAaia Jlae; elver ltetvaCYJl6V11 yta Epoo't'tKEe; altoAaucyete; E~at'tiac; 'to\) nsptoptouob 'tile; aCPPOOtCYtaKfje;/;oofje;. 'R ysvs'tijcrta f}fltKij, ltOU avaXat'ti/;st 'tl] cptABABUflBP11o PJlij , Kaflroe; liAAOOCY'ts oi ()uvaJlSte; EKSivse; ltOU E~ult11pe'tO\)V 't' aO'tapKat xtKa CYUJlCPspov'ta, aV'tAo\)v 'tTJVEV6pysta rooc altO 'tOV ctltoofl11JlEVO Epoo't'tCYJlO.Tepu AOtltOV Ka'taAapaivouJle KaAU'tBpa ~va xutpto CY'totxsio 'to\) AeyoJlevou «av'tix'tultou 'tfje; toeoAoyiae; ltavoo CY'tl]V oiKOVOJltKTJ PaCY11». 'H avaxalrul'Yj Tfjc; yeveT~o'tac; oep,fjc; uetap,oerpwvet 0'T7, lJop,~ TOV TOV olxovop,txa xaTanleerp,ivo t1.v()ewno 0'£ TiTOto o''Yjp,eio, werTe va alo'()aV8Tat, va o'xirpT8Tal xai va neaTT8l evavTlov Tof) tdtov Tof) olXOVOp,luOf)TOV o'vp,rpieOVTOC;. "Erot, fJ ltapa'tijp11CY11 EKsiV11 'to\) A6vtv E1ttpSpatc.Ove'tat Kt epJl11vBus'tat altO 'tTJV OJlaOtKl] 'l'uXoAoyia. Oi Cr'tpa't't&'tBe; 'to\) 1905 pA6ltavs, xoopte; va 'to cyuVet011'tOltOto\)V,CY'to npoorono 't&v a~tooJla't'tK&v 'tOY lta't6pa 't&V ltatOtKrov xpovoov - CYUJlltUKvOOJl6VO CY'tl]Vstxovc 'to\) 0eou - ltOU altayopsus rov EpOO'ta· 'tOY lta'tspa ltOU OEV roi»; f:1tt'tps1to'tav, xt OU'tB Jl1topo\)cyav rors va rov CYKO'tc.Ocyouv, 1tap' 01..0 ltOU roi»; 1tooo1ta'to\)cys 'tl] xapa 'tile; /;oofje;. 'R Jls'taJl6ABta rou; JlB'ta 'tl]V Ka'taA 11'1'11'tile; E~oucyiae;, of otCY'taYJloi roo; t'j'tav fJ EKcppaCY11 uioooc 1tOUdXB YUpiCYBtCY'to av'ti'to\) 8B'tO rou, 'tTJ CYUJl1tOVta,E1tStOTJ OEV ii'tav ouva'to v' aV6i3st CY'tTJv S1ttcpaVBta Kat va svepyijCYBt cya Jlicyoe;. "Erot, 'to ltpaK't'tKO 1tpopA11Jla 'tfje; oJlaotKile; 'l'uxoAoyiae; elver, 1t&e; fla opaCY't11ptooflsi fJ ltafl11't'tKTJ ltABto'l'l1CPia 'to\) Aao\), 1tOU cyuv'tP6XBt ltav'to'ts CY'tTJviK11 'tfje; 1tOAt't'tKfje; aV'tiopaCY11e;, Kat 1troe; fla E~ouos'tspooflo\)v ol avaCY't'OAEe; EKeivBe;, 1tOU av't'topouv crttlV ava1t'tu~l1 'tile; EABUflBP11e;i3ouA11CY11e;. 'l'UXtKEe; ouvaJlSte; 0{ JltUe; o1tOtacyoij1to'tB avflpoo1ttv11e; OJlaoac;, ltOU ltapaKoAouflBi Jl' E~a'l'l1 ~va ltooocycpatptKO 1tatxviot t\ u1toAaJli3avst Jlta cyaXATJ o1tsp6'ta, (iv unopobouv va CY1tacyouv 'ta oeCYJla roue Kal va otoXB'tSU'touv CY'tOE1tavaCY'ta't'tKo KiV11Jla J.1E 'toue; sAAoyoue; CY'toxoue; rou, fla ii'tav 1tpaYJla't't uKa'taCYXS'tse;. AO'tTJ stvat fJ KSV'tptKTJ ypaJlJlT) ltOU Ka'twfluVBt 'tT)V spsuva 'tile; ysvs'tijcrtae; olxovoutoc.
It.

73

II. 'H autapxu(Ta iOEoloyia tije; OiKOYEVElae;
O'tTaV OpaOIKTa 'l'uxoloyia tou fPaO'lO'pou

S1tavaO"taO"TJ~», 1tOU 1tEptJ.lEVaV ol o1taoo{, t' aVElC1tAitPCOt!1 0"0~taAtO"ttlCa J.lEtpa tctA. <pavEpcoO"av 1tta 'tTtV avttOpaO"ttlCTt A.Ettoupyia tOU <paO"tO"J.lou. IIoO"o Aiyo i1~EPE xt 0 iotO~ 0 X£-rk(! 'to J.lTJxay,tO"J.l0i\~ s1tttuxia~ tOU, J.la~ to oEiXVEt it alCoAOu9TJ U1tOt 'l'it rou : «AuT1) ~ [L&YOCA1j ypoc[L[L~ XOC~ [L6V1j, 1t"OU 8ev 1t"P&c&L 1t"o't"e voc qxoc't"OCA&Ltp6d, ~01j6cX&L
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"A v ot xowcovucsc S~EAi~Et~ aqniO"ouv 1tEpt9cOpta O"tOU~avttopaO"ttlCOU~iO"tOPtlCOU~va ypa'l'OUv ti~ a1to'l'Et~ tOU~ yta ta rcspcO"J.lEVati\~ Tspucvtuc, 9a J.la~ 1taPOUO"taO"ouv ti]v S1tt'tUXia tou XitAEP O"ta 1928-1933 O"av tpavi] a1tOOEt~TJ,1tro~ uovo ot J.lEyaAOt UVtPE~ lCtVOUV'ti]v Ioropic, sv90uO"tasoVta~ ti~ J.laSE~ J.lE·ti]v «ioEa tOU~». 'H S9VtlCoO"oO"taAtO"ttlCit1tP01tayavoa O"tTJpiXtTJlCE 1tpaYJ.latt 0"' auti] 'titv «iowAoyia 'tou <l>UPEP». Ol 1tpo1tayavotO"tS~ tOu 8eVtlCoO"oO"taAtO"J.lOu ayvoouO"av tEAEico~ to J.lTJxavtO"J.l0 tfl~ t1tttuxia~ tOU~, OUtE J.l1topouO"av va lCataAaJ30UV to Ioropncc ~oa<po~ tOU S9VtlCoO"oO"taAtO"ttlCOU lCtvitJ.lato~. "Hmv AOt1tCJV E1tOJ.lEVO ypa<pEt 0 S9VtlCoO"oQ"taAtO"tit~BiAXEAJ.l };UJ:rC8A O"tO va O"UyypaJ.lJ.la tOU Xeun:tavt"ap,or; "at lO'Pt"oaOataAtap,or; (XuvcscttlCO~ 'ElCOOttlCO~' OilCO~)~ta E~fl~: «'E1tEioi] 0 t9VtlCoO"oO"taAtO"J.lO~ slvm new-r6yovo xtvnuc, yt' auto OEVJ.l1tOpei va tOY avnxpooost lCavEi~ J.l'S1ttXEtpitJ.lata. Ta S1ttXEtpitJ.lata ea S1ttOPOUouv uovo, liv to lCivTJJ.laelXE J.lEyaAcOO"Et .l'S1ttXEtPTJJ.lata». }:UJ.lJ <pcovaJ.l' autov to xapalCtTJptO"J.lO, ot PTJtOPE~ O"ti~ 8eVtlCoO"oO"taAto"ttlCS~ O"UylCEVtpcOo"Et~ EpavE va XEtpisovtat ~ 1tOAU S1tttitoEta -ra alaOfjp,a-r:a -r:wv aysAaiwv a-r:6p,wv "at v' ano<pe6yovv "aOs ao{3aeiJ l:r&£XSt(tYJP,a-r:oA9yla. Xi-rke tOVtSE O"S Ota<popa O"TJJ.lEia '0 'tou J3tJ3Aiou rou <0" aywvar; p,ov, Ott it O"coO"tit alCttlCTJ, a1to ti]v t U1tO'l'TJtfl~ oJ.laotlCfl~ 'l'uxoAoyia~, fjtav v' a<pTJVEtlCavEi~ lCata J.lEpO~ti]v S1ttXEtPTJJ.latOAoyia lCai vd 1taPOUO"taSEt a1tpOU1t69Eta o"ti~ J.laSE~tO «J.lEyaAO tEAtlCO O"lC01tO».Tloin Tjtav it aATJ9tVi] 0'l'TJ autou tOU tEAtlCOl) O"lC01tOU p,e-r:ati]v lCataATJ'I'TJtfl~ s~ouO"ia~, J.la~ to oEiXVEt OAO<paVEpa'0 haAtlCo~ <pao"tO"J.lo~·01tCO~UAACOO"tE lCai ta OtataYJ.lata tou rlCaiptvylC svuvrtov tiDv OilCOVOJ.ltlCWV opyavcOO"Ecov 'tfl~ J.lEO"aia~ ta~TJ~, it sYlCatUAEt'l'TJ ti\~ «OEUtEPTJ~

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A.S~'to 'tll,iilla 'tii~ l:pacrn.Ka ~IlSlVS1tuna ~ Ilscratu 'ta~T]. Msou cr'tl1 mo cruv'tapaxnKT] OlKOVOlllKT]Kp(crT] UltO Ka't(LpoA.ii~ 'toll KSq>a~ato~panKOU crucr'tiJlla'to~ (1919-1931) 1tapoucrHicr'tT] KS iJ usoum 'tu~T] Ilf: 'tT] lloPq>T] 'toll ESvlKocrocrlaA.lcrlloll mlvro cr'tT]v 1toA.tn~TJ ~Kl']viJ, Yt~ v' ~1to'tpeljlst rov f:1tavacr'tanKo Ils'tacrxl']ll~ncrJ.lo 'tl']~ xoworvtcc. H 1tOA.t'tlKTJuntopacrT] il~sps va EKnJ.ll']crSt 1tOA.Dcrrocr'ta ainT] 'tTJ crl']J.lacr(a 'toll IUKpoacrncrJ.loll. «'H ~scrata 'ta~l'] 1:XSt~aipta crT]J.lacria yui 'tTJV(51tap~T] 'toll Kpa'toU~» sypaq>s J.lta 1tPOKl']pU~l'] 'tow E8vlKocrocri.aA.tcr'twv cr'ti~ 8 'A1tPl~ A.tOU 1932.
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«crocrtaA.tcr-rtKO» cr'tOtXSio U1tO 'to KtVl']J.la roo, yta va s'tOtJ.lucrSt J.l'oA.a 'tOU 'ta J.lecra rov 1t6A.sJ.lo- 'to ysyovo~ ai)'to OE PpicrKS'tat cr' uv'tiq>aO'l'] J.lf;'to osooJ.levo, on () q>acrtcrJl6~, ano 'rr, (fUO-rifr; op,aOtuifr; -rov pa(f'Y]r;, 1}-rav neayp,an tva u{v'Y]p,a p,8(10a(fnu6. XO)Pt~ 'tTJVU1tocrx,scrl'], 1t~ 9' uyrovt1;6'tav svav't{ov 'tot)

'H, ICOtvroVt~T]crl']llacria 'toll J.llKpoacrncrj.lou tj'tav 'to ICUpto Sella. ~'tl~ ~u1;T]'t'll~st~ 'tii~ 'Aptcr'tspii~ ustu 'ti~ 30 'Iavouaptou 1933. n~ :l~ _30 Icvouuptou Of:V sIxav Mcrst KUj.lta 1tpocroXTJ cr'tT] ~s~ata 'ta_~l'], yta'ti 'to YSVlKOEVOtu<pepov Tj'tuv cr'tpallj.levo cr'tT]V ~~SA.t~T]'tl']~ 1tOA.t'tlKii~ uV'tiopacrl']~ Kai 'tii~ aihapXtK11~ iJyscria~' UA.~rocr'ts ru 1t~oPA.iJ,lla'ta 'tii~ op,aOtUPjr;'1pVxoAoy[ar; rrwv yta :ou~ 1tOA.t'tlKOU~«~svo 1tapaJ.luSt». Kurom, oUlq>oPOt KUICA.Ot ~pXtcrav vd j.ltA.iivs yta 'tTJV «dvrcpotc .'tii~ Ilscraia~ 'tu~T]~». ~v 1ta~alCoA.ouSiJcrSt Kavsi~ 'ti~ cru1;T]'tiJcrst~ yupro a1t' alno 'to 9sJ.la, S,a Otaltt~'tro~s~ 1t(i>~ ,sIxav Otaj.lOpq>roSst 't6'ts ouo KSV1:Pl1Cf:~U~~IjISt~: l'] j.l~a ~1tocr'tT]pt1;s, 1tci>~() q>acrtcrJ.lo~Of:Vtj'tav «'ti~o'ts UA.A.O!>, apa 1) 1tOA.t'toq>UA.aKTJ ~ 'toll IlsyaA.oacrncrj.loll· iJ a~A.l']" xO)Pt~ ,va 1t~papA.e1tst ainTJ 'tTJV 1tA.supa, 1tp6PaA.s Kupiro~ :l']v «av:apcrta rou J.lscroacrncrj.loll», 1tpuyj.la 1tODcr'tOtXtcrs cr'tOD~ :K1tpOcrro~ou~ 'tl']~ 'tTJV Ka'tl']yopia on oi;v tl1toMyt1;av oco S1tPS1t: rov avnopacrnKo p6A.o 'toll q>acrtcrJ.lou. TOD~ {)1tsvOu~ti1;a; 'to Ot~PtcrJ.lo 'toll E>ucrcrsv crf: OtKOV0J.ltKO OtK't(l'tOpa, 'tT] OtaA.U~T] .:rov J.lS~oacrnK~v OiKOVOJ.ltKWV opyavrocrsO)v, 'tT] Otaypaq>T] 'tT]~ «osu'tspT]~ s1tavucr1:UcrT]~»- Kov'tOA.oYii~ rov Ka9ap~ o.v't~opacrnKo xapaK'tijpa 'toll q>acrtcrJ.l0ll, ItOD o.1tO 'to 'teA.O~ Iouviou 1933 ytv6'tav 011.0 Kat mo aicr9T]'t6~. l:f: KstvS~ 'ti~ crq>00p6'ta'ts~ cru1;l']'tiJcrst~ J.l1topollcrs va otamcr'troost xnvsic UPKS'tf:~ ucruq>StS~ xt uKa90ptcr'tis~: 'to ysyov6~ on () S8VtKocrocrtaA.tcrJ.l0~ J.ls'ta 'tTJV Ka'tUA.l']IjIl']'tfj~ E~oucria~ o.PXtcs vd q>avsprovst rov aihoKpa'toptKO xapalC'tllpa 'toll i:9VtKlcrJ.loll rou Kt S1tSOiroKS J.lf: Ku9s 'tp61to v: u1tocrKopaKicrst Ku9s

J.lSyUA.OU lCsq>aA.aiou, 6 Xi'tA.Sp of: 90. sIxs 1to'tf: lCspoicrst "Ca J.lscraia cr'tproJ.la"Ctl.Au'ta rov poiJ9l']crav va VtlCiJcrSt, E1tStOTJTt'tav ri.vdOe-ra cr'to J.lsyUA.OlCsq>UA.ato. Knrro U1tO 'tTJV 1tiscriJ roue, of TJysnlCot 1tapuyov'ts~ 'toil va1;tcrJ.loil S1tPS1tS v' UPXtcrouv 't' ri.ntlCsq>aA.atolCpanlCa J.le'tpa, 01tro~ lCU'troU1tO"CTJV 1tiscrl'] 'toli J.lsyUA.OU Ksq>aA.aiou S1tPS1tS 1taA.t va "Ca cr'taJ.la'tTJcrouv. "Orcv OEV~sxropi1;ouJ.ls 'ta U1tOKStJ.lSVtlCa crUJ.lq>spov'ta 'tfl~ {)J.laotlCfI~ pucrl']~ svo~ uvnopacrnlColl lCtVTJJ.la'to~,U1tO'tTJVuvnKStJ.lsVtlCTt uvnopacrnlCTJ roo A.st'toupyia, (ouo 'tucrSt~ 1tOD UA.A.l']A.ocrUYKpouOnat, UA.M 1tOD upxtKa Tt'tav J.lovtacrJ.lsvs~ J.lecra cr'tTJV oM-r'Y]-ra 'toli va1;tO"ttKoll lCtViJJ.la'to~)- rors J.ltA.iiJ.ls uvaYKacrnlCa «sic; ona J.lTJ UKOUOV'troV», 1tStOTJo'tav MJ.ls «q>acrtcrJ.lo~» of J.lf:Vsvvoonv rov S uvnopacrnKo roo pOA.O, of UA.A.Ot't' uvnopacrnlCa cruJ.lq>epov'ta 'tfJJv q>acrtcrnKfJJv J.la1;fJJv.l:'tTJV uV'ti9scrl'] 'tfJJv ouo aU'tfJJv 1tA.supfJJv wli q>acrtcrJ.l0li oq>stA.ov'tat OA.S~of uvnq>acrst~ roo, 01tro~ UlCptpfJJ~TJ crU1;su~TJ 'tou~ cr'tO eva crxflJ.la «E9vtlCocrocrtaA.tcrJ.lo~» xapaK'tl']pi1;st 'to lCivT]J.la'to\) Xi'tA.sp. Kurd 'to J.le'tpo, 1tOD () S8VtlCOcrocrtaA.tcrJ.lo~ Tt'tav uvaYKacrJ.leVO~ va 1tapoucrta1;s'tat cra uscoucr'tllCO lCivl']J.la (ne1.v U1tO "CTJV Ka'tUA.l']IjIl']'tfj~ E~oucria:~ lCat uJ.lecrro~ J.ls'ta) slvat 1tpuYJ.lan antUecpaAatOUeanuor; u' enava(f-ral"tu6r;' lCa'ta 'to J.letpo, 1tOD yta va cr'tspsrocrSt lCat va ota'tl']pTJcrst 'tTJV KSpOtcrJ.levl'] E~oucria, U1tOPUA.A.St rov uvnKsq>aA.atoKpanKo rou x,apalC'tTJpa (uq>oli Of:V u1taA.A.o'tptrovSt 'to J.lsyUA.OlCsq>UA.ato) Kat 1tapoucrtu1;st 011.0 Kat mo U1tOKA.StcrnKa 'tTJV Ksq>aA.atoKpanKTJ rou A.st'toupyia, yivstat () uKpaio~ u1tspacr1ttcr'tTJe; lCat ereA.Opu'tl']~ "Coli au'tolCpa'toptcrJ.loli Kat 'toli J.lsyaA.OKsq>aA.atolCpanKoli OiKOVOJ.ltKOilcrucr'tTJJ.la'to~. Kat slvm 'tSA.stro~ UOtuq>opo UV lCat 1t6crot o.1tO 'tOD~ f\ye'ts~ rou sIXav ('tiJ.lta il uvsv'ttJ.la) «crocrtaA.tcrnlCTJ» voorpontu (Ka'ta 'tTJv uV'tiA.l']'I'TJroo; I), xi UKOJ.ll'] Aty6'tspo, iiv Kat 1t6crot U1tO oau'tou~ elvm A.ao1tA.uvot Kat upx09fjps~. IIuvrocre Kun rsroiu oev unopst vc. cr'tl']ptX"Csi xu83

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Kui KslVT], orov 1tpocrT]AroIlEvol cruvoscrllo, cr-rl1v «KU-rUOScrT]», JlE -r111lT]-rEpU.Ao-ro OEV ll1topsi va. E~T]yT]SSi J3lOAOytKU. Ttnrl 6 cruvOs<JIlOe; Il& -r11 1lT]-rEPU, t<pocrov t~SA{crcrS-rUt Ku-rom crt OiKOYSVStUKl1 Kui tSVtKtcrnK"; 1tP0cr11ArocrT], slvm Kt uo-roe; UOt'JIOJ'JItUO 1tpoi:ov. I:-r";v t<PT]J3slU, Sa. S1tPS1tS KUVOVtKa. va. 1tUpuXropi}crSt -r"; SscrT] rou crt UAAOUe; cruvoscrllOUe; - <pucrtOAoyucoue; spomxob; cruvoEcrllouC; - liv OEV rov OtUtroVt/;uv of nepioptouoi -rf\e; ysvs-ri}crtue; tpronKf\e; /;rof\e;. 'AKptJ3roe; cr' uo-rl1 -rl1v xowcovixc BOPUH.oIlEVT] OtutrovtcrT] -rf\e; 1lT]-rPlKf\e; 1tpocri}ArocrT]e; cr-rT]pi/;s-rut Ku-rom -ro «tSVtKO» uicrST]llu -rou tVi}AtKOU avSpro1tOU Kui KU-rUv-rUStaKptJ3me; rots avnopucr1:tK"; xorvervtxn OUVUIlT]."Av it J3lOllT]XUVtK"; tpyunKl] -ru~T] avu1t-rucrcrSt 1tOAU Aty6-rspo a1tO -rl] IltKpoucrnK"; uo-r&e; -rie; tSVtKtcrnKEe; ~~Ste;, -rou-ro O<pslAS-rUt cr-rie; xot VroVtKa. Otu<popsnKEe; - Kui yt' uo-ro XUAUpo-rspu OtUpSproIlEVSe; - cruvSf\Kse; -rf\e; olKoysvstUKf\e; 1:T]e;/;rof\e;. "Ae; Ill] Ilou tmpphjfouv, 1t<l>c; sicruyro J3lOAoytKEe; SPIlT]vsise; cr-rl1v KOtVroVtOAOyiu' 06V ~sxvro ou-rs crnYIli}, on it Otu<popSnKl] oixoYSVStUK"; opyuvrocrT] -rf\e; tpyunKf\e; -ru~T]e; slvct xi uO-rl] npoootoptouevn a1tO -rl] SEcrT] -rT]e; IlEcrU ml1v 1tUpUyroytKTI OtuOtKucriu. 'AAAa. Sa. 1tPS1tS\ v' avupro-rT]SOuIlS, ytu-ri upuys it tpyunKl] -ru~T] PE1tSt 1tSptcrcro-rspo 1tpOe; -ro OtSSVtcrIl6, tvro av-ri9s-ru it uucpouo-nKl] -ru~T] KA{VSt 1tpOe; -rov tSVtcrllO ; To Otu<poptcrnKo cruv-rsAscr-rl1 Sa. rov otumcr-rrocroulls uovo, liv cr-rl]V avnKStllSVtKl] YSVtKl] olxoVOlltKl] KU-rucr-rUcrT]<JU1l1tSptAuJ3oulls -rie; dOtK6e; crXEcrSte;-rou OiKOYSVStuKOU J3{ou Kui -rf\e; oixovouudp; SEO'TJe;,1tOU 1tSptYPu\jfuIlS 1tpiv. 'AAAtme; oXt. 'H 1tUpU~SVT] upvT]crT] -rOU IlUp~tcr-rf\ SsroPT]nKOU va. osf rov OiKOYSVStaKO J3io odv l(jo.t/-lo crUV-rSAScr-rl] IlE -rl]V olxovoutxf SEO'TJcr-rl] OtUIlOP<ProcrT]-rf\e; \jfUXOoolli1e;, Kui Kun 1tUPU1tuvro lluAunu: anocpa(jt(j'ttuo 1tUpuyov-ru yta. -rl]V
1. .6.11A.aOTJ 1tOV 08 A.6911K&1to,e Kul ,revet ayKUpo!30f...11,reVOe;; (1'0 u1tocruv&i011,0- M&t 0"8 U1toO"TJll&icoofJtOU 6 patx. ot OpOt ubrol ,f\e;; IjIUxavaA.uO"TJ<;, 1tOV 011A.roVOUV ,oV U1tocruVe(011'O IjIUXtKO KU,UVUYKUO"Il0 9Ulll~ouv '&XVlKOU<; opoue;; ,f\e;; apxulue;; Ilay&lue;;, 07tCOe;; ..X. ,0 «KU,aOeO"Il0l», «Ku,uMO"&le;;»A «oeV&t<; Kul KUpQ>OOV&te;; ex9p6», OT]f...UOTJ tOY fvu ei&of...6 ,0U' !3pe911Kuv ,erota apxatCL dOOOf...tCL O"'TJV'AntK", 118 O&llevu xeptu KUt 1t68tu, 6 Ilayoe;; ovoIlCL~6,uv Kui «e1tavCLYKOt;». (k.t.M.)

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100

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M6vo U1tO 'tTt <1lC01tta al)'to~ 'to~ <1'tpcOJla'to<;'tij<; JltlCpOa<1nlCij<; 'ta~T)<; i<1XUEt it 1tp6'ta<1T), on 6 uV'tpa<; lCat it yuvailCa elver <1UV'tpocpot <1'tTJOOUA.Eta.Ao'to OEV i<1XUEt yta 'tTt PtoJlT)XaVtlCTt spyana. Kat yta 'to XroptlCO t<1xuet 'tU1ttlCa uovo, s1tet0Tt <1'tTtV1tpuYJlanlC6'tT)'ta it Xroptan<1<1a etvat oouAa 'to~ uv'tpa. 'R cpa<1t<1nlCTt tOEoA.oyia 'tij<; iEpapxtlCij<; otapSpro<1T)<; 'to~ lCpCl'tOU<; EX&t 1tPO'tU1tO upa 'tTtV iepapXtlCTt otap9pro<1T) 'tf1<; uyponlCf1<; OilCoyEVEta<;. 'R aypo'ttlCTt otxovsvstc elver Jlta JltlCpoypacpia 't0~ eSvou<;, lCat lCaSE JleA.o<;'tij<; oilCoyeV&ta<; 'taU'ti~E'tat Jl' <io'to 'to JltlCPO<1lC01ttlCO ESVO<;."Errn, f) uyponlCTt 'ta~T) lCat 'ta <1'tpcOJla'ta slCeiva 'tf1<; julCpOa<1nlCij<; 'ta~T)<;, 01tOU <1UJl1ti1t'touv f) JltlCpoemx&ipT)<1T) lCai f) OilCoyevEta, slvm 1tp6<1cpopo Eoacpo<; yta 'tTtV a1topp6cpT)<1T) 'tij<; JleyaAoau'tolCpa'toptlCf1<; iOEoAoyia<;. 'Exstvo oJlro<; 1tOD ~acpVt~Et <1'oAa 'to~'ta &IVat it S~tOaVilCEU<1T)tij<; JlT)'tp6'tT)'ta<;. nota ft <1xe' O"T)aO'tf1<; 'tij<; s~tOav{lCEuO"T)<; Jle 'tTtV 1tOAtnlCTt aV'tiopa<1T) O"'to 1;TJ'tT)Jla'tf1<; YEvE'tTJcrta<;1;rof1<;;

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MeO"a O"'tT)V aYEA.aia OOJlTt 'tOD juxpoucrof f) 1tpoO"TJAroO"T) 1'to < E9vo<; <1UJl1t{1t'tEtJlE 'tTtV 1tpoO"lC6AAT)0"T) "'tTtV oixovevetc. 'R 1tpOO O"TJAro<1T) aO'tTt yi verm 1tt0 EV'tOVT) a1to Jlta. otaotlCa<1ia, 1tOD OE O"Uv'tEAEi'tat uovo <1e 1tapaAAT)AT) ypaJlJlTJ, aAM JliiA.AOV npospXE'tat a1t' aO'tTtv. '0 S9VtlCO<; itye'tl1<; Elvat yta 'tT)V 6JlaOtlCT) 'l'uX0A.oyia f) tvO"aplCro<1T) 'to~ eSvou<;. M6vo o'tav 6 f)ye'tT)<; SV<1aplCcOVEt 1tpaYJlan 'to e9vo<; JlE<1a mo S9VtlCO ai<19T)Jla 't&V Jla1;&v, yevvte'tat lCat Jlta 1tPO<1ro1ttlCTt UVOEO"T)Jla~{ rou, M6vo o scp6<1oV ~EPEt 'tT)V 'texvT) va ~u1tviJ<1d Jle<1a <1't0 ayeAato u'tOJlO 'tTJv OilCOYEV&talCT)<1Uvat<19T)JlanlCTt 1tPOO"TJAro<1T), uerooorevenn lCai 6 ioto<; <1E aOtapXtlCT) 1ta'tptlCTt JlOpcpTJ. "E'tm 1tP0<1EAlCUEt OA.a 'ta <1UvatO"STJJlata lCat 'tt<; 9uJltlCE<; otage<1&t<;, 1tOD YEvvo~O"e UA.Ao'tE mo 1tatot 6 aOO"tT)po<; aVtt1tpoO"ro1t&UnlCo<; (mll cpavta<1ia tOD 1tatoto~) 1tatepa<;. 1:E <1U~T)'tf]<1&t<;JlE 01taOoD<; 'to~ SSVtlCOO"omaAt<1Jlo~, lhav ytV6'tav AOYo<;YUl to av&cpapJloO"to 'tOD t60"0 uvncpanlCo~ 1tpoypaJllla'to<; 't0~ lC6IlJla't0<;, UlCO\YySlCavEi<; <1Uxva

105

'tftV amlv'tl'JO'l'J: «'0 XhAEp 'ta ~tPEt 01.' uu'ta KUAu'tEpu a1t' 'tOY KUOtVU», «'0 Xi'tAEp Oa 'ta KU'tU<ptPEt 61tCOO'Oit1t0'tE».'EBO) tK<ppa~E'tUt KUOUpa it 1tUtBtKft aVayKl'J KU'tU<pUyfje;O''tftV npoercotc 'to\) 1tu'ttpu. l:'tftv KotVCOVtKft1tpUYJlUnKO'tl'J'tU, UU'tO aKpt~O)e; 'to 6JluBtKO uicrOl'JJlu KU'tU<pUyfje;xt tJl1ttcr'tocrUVl'Je; BivEt KU't' apXftv 'tft OUVUJll'Jcr'tO BtK'ta'topu «v« KU'tOpOrocrEt 'to 1tnw. Au'tft it O'UVUtcr0l'JJlUnKft B~l'J 'to)V JlU~o)V tJl1toBi~Et 'tftv KOtvCOVtKftuU'tOKU~epVl'Jcrl'J, ol'JAuBft 'tftV EAAoyl'J aVE~up'tl'Jcriu KUl. cuvspjuotu. 'R yvitcrtU Ol'JJloKpu'tiu Bev Jl1topEi, Jla oiirs KUt 'tfje; t1tt'tPS1tE'tUt va cr'tl'JPtX'tEi cr't' aYEAuiu ' crUVUtcr01lJlu'tu. 'AKOJll'J 1ttO oumucrnKft OJlcoe;slvrn it 7:aV7:lm'j 'to\) aYEAuiou u'toJlOU Jle 'tOY «itye'tl'J». "Ooo 1tt0 a~eA'tEpo KUt U1tpuyo EXEt KU'tUV'titcrSt 'to uYEAuto u'tOJlO t~at'tiue; 'tfje; avu'tpo<pfje; 'tOU, roco 1tt0 EV'tOVU tKBl'JArovE'tUt it 'tuuncrl'J Jle 'tOY itye'tl'J, rooo neptocorepo jlE'tUjl<pte~E'tUt it 1tutBtKft avaYKl'J KU'tU<puyfje; cr'tO YOVtO KUl.1tUiPVEt 'tft JlOP<Pft'to\) «UicrOavoJlut eVU Jle 'tOY itye'tl'J». AU'tft it 'tuuncrnKft P01tft E{VUt it 'l'UxoAoytKft ~acrl'J 'to\) i()'PLXOV 'PaeXUf(fUff-l0V, ol'JAuBft die; UU't01tE1tOiel'Jcrl'Je;,1tOD 1tl'Jya~Et a1to 'to «JlEyuAEio 'to\) EOVOUe;».'0 aV'ttBpucr'ttKOe; JltKpOUO"tOe;avuKuMxrst 7:0'P lamo 7:0V cr'to 1tpocrC01tO'to\) itye'tl'J, 0''t0 uU'tUPXtKO Kpa'toe; - K' E'tm, Xapl'J cr' uU'tft 'tftV 'tuuncrl'J, uicrOaVE'tat \:l1tEPJlUxoe; 'tfje; «AUo-0'6Vl'Je;», 'to\) «EOVOUe;»(AUOUJluv'tcop Kut tovuJluv'tcop!) - 1tpaYJlu 1tOU oev 'tOY tJl1toBi~Et KuOoAou, 1taAt xapl'J cr' uu'tft 'tftv 'tuuncrl'J, va 1tEpt<PPOVEtO'Uyxpovcoe; «'tft Jla~u», 'tOY «OXAO», Kut va 1tUiPVEt u<poe; ~EXCOPtcr'tO\)a'toJlou u1tevuv'ti rooc. 'R olxovouncn Kut it tPCO'ttKit rou KUKOjlOtpta Ku'tu1tviYE'tat Jlecru cr'tftV uu'toti'l'conKft iBeu 'to\) «KupiuPXou AUO\)) Kui 'to\) tJl1tVEUcrJ.1&VOU itye'tl'J roco 1tOAD, &cr'tE cre KpimJlEe; crnYJlee; va ~EXVaEt 1tocro aVE1tUVOPOco'tuEXEt ~E1tecrEt 6 iBlOe; KUt KU'tUV't1lcrEt evue; acr1lJluv'toe; UKpt'tOe; o1tuMe;. 'Av'tiOE'tU, 6 tpyU~OJlEVOe;, 1tOD EXEt t1tuYYEAJlunKft cruvEiBl'Jcrl'J'to\) KAMou rou, Bl'JAuBft tKEtvoe; 1tOD EXEt OecrEt «tK'tOe; AEt'toupyiue;» 'tft BOJlft 'to\) BouAou, rnutt~E'tat Jle 'to EPYO roo uV'tt Jle 'tOY itye'tl'J, Jle 'tft BtEOVtKft tpyu~oJlEVl'JavOpco1to'tl'J'tu, aV'ti Jle 'tftV teVtKtl1tu'tpiBu. '0 tpyu~oJlSVOe; uu'toe; al(f()cf'PIn:aL 7:0" l~LO 7:0'P lav7:o 7:0V (fa'P fryi7:"" OXt t~ut'tiue; Jltne; 61tOtucr01l1t0'tE 'tu6ncrl'Je;, aAM Xapl'J O"tft cruvEiBl'J0'l'J, on 106

1tpbcr<pepEt cr'tT)v xowoivtc epyucriu ~conK1l. IIotee; OUJltKee; BuvaJlEte;tVEPY0\)V tBO): l:J.evd~at O6crKoAo v' ~1tuv'titcrOUJlE. ,TO. vroXLXo. al(f()ljf-la7:a 1tOD 6pt~ouv uu'tov 'to ~ucrtKU BtU<pOPE'ttKO'l'UXOAoyU(O 'tlmo elVat 'to. iBtu crav 'to\) tOVtKtO"tfj. Movo 'to cruyKtvl'JmUKO 1tEptEXOJlEVO dvut BtU<pOPE'ttKO. 'R OPE~l'J ytU 'tuu'ttcrl'J dvut it iOta, aAAa'to avnKEiJlEvO 'tl'Je; elver iiAAo: slvct 6 crUVEPra'tl'Je; av'ti 'to\) itye'tl'J, 'to EPYO av'tt 'tfje; uu'tu1ta'tl'Je;, oi tpyu~oJlEVOtuvOPC01tot cr'tftV oixouuevn 6MKAl'Jpl'J av'tl. 'tfje; oiKoyevEtU~. 'EoO), it BtEOvtKft t1tuYYEAJlunKft O'UvEiol'Jcrl'J avn'tacrO'E'tUt ern JlUO"ttK01taOEta KUl. orov tOVtKtcrJlO. Au'to oe crl'JJlUiVEt KuOoAou, 1tcOe;6 tpya'tl'Je; 00. 1ta'l'Et va 'tpt<pEt 'tftV uO'tocruVEtBl'Jcriu 'tOU, o1tCOe; xt 6 aV'ttBpucrnKoe; UvOpC01tOe; pxi~Et cre il'>pEe; pimJlEe; ()U a K va OVEtPEUE'tUt«o1tl'JPEcriEe;1tpOe;'tftV xoworrrru», KUt 'tftV «xotvf 6><peAEtu»1tOU1tpol'JYEhat 'tfje; <dOlOtEAEtUe;». 'AAAa it UU'tOO'UVEtOl'Jcriu, it UO't01tE1tOiel'Jcrl'J'to\) tpya'tl'J YEVVte'tUt a1to 'tftv t1tuYYEAJlunKit roo cruvEiBl'Jcrl'J. rOJlcoe; 'tU 'tEAEUtutu 15 XPOVta ~PE01lKUJlE avnjle'tco1tot 0" evu 1tOAD oucrKu'taAl'J1t'to YEyovOe;: OiKOVOJltKa it xotvevtu dvut cru<pO)e;OtUxcoptcrJlevl'J cre ota<popu KOtvCOVtKa cr'tproJlu'tu KUl. t1tuyyeAJlu'tu. LUJl<pCOVU 'tftv OiKOVOJltKft OEcopiu, it KOtVCOVtKft Jle iBEOAoyiu U1tOppeEt a1to 'tie; sKacr'to'tE KOtVCOVtKee; 1tEptO''tacrEte;. 'E1tojlevcoe; it sKacr'to'tE 'tU~tKft iBEOAoyiu Oa E1tPE1tEva cruJl<Pcovet Afyo -1tOAD Jle 'to KOtvCOVtKO-OtKOVOJltKO \)1tO~uOpo. or ~tojll'JXUVtKOl.tpya'tEe; OU E1tPE1tE,Myco 'to\) O'UAAoytKO\)'tP01tOU 'tfje; BouAEtne; roue, v' avu1t'tu~ouv 'to oovercipicmxo 1tVE\)JlU,of uucpoE1tuYYEAJlu'tiEe;'to «JlucrnK01tUOO uicrOl'JJlu». Of o1taAAl'JAot 'to)V JlEyaAcov t1ttXEtPitcrECOV00. E1tPE1tEv' uvu1t't6~ouv Kt uu'tot t1tfcrl'Je; 'to ouvetmpurnxo 1tVE\)JlU, crav 'toue; epya'tEe;. rOJlCOe;~EpOUJlE 1tUI, 1tcOe; rmlVtu O'UJl<PcovEt 'l'uxoBoJlft Jle 'tftV KOtvCOVtKftOtcrl'J. c it tuuKpivOUJlE 'toue; e1tuYYEAJlunKu O'UVEtOl'J'tOUe; \)1tEUOUVOUe; epya'tEe; a1to 'toY JlUO"ttKtcr'tft-tOVtKtcr'tft avnBpucrnKo o1toBouAo. LUVUV'tO\)JlSKUt 'toue; Buo 'tU1tOUe;cre KaOEKOtvCOVtKO e1tuYYEAKut JlUttKO cr'tPO)Jlu.~Y1tapxouv EKU'tOJlJlUptu avnBpucrnKol. ~toJll'JXUVtKOt epya'tEe;, K' \mapxouv uAAot roco; McrKuAot KUl.yta'tpot Jle ~U1tvft 'tft O'UvE1Bl'Jcrl'J'tfje; BouAEtne; 'toue; KUt <ptAEAEuOEpo 107

1tvsOJla. M:v UmipXSL t'ipa KaJlia &'1tA&e; ahWKpanKT) crXEcr11 elvuJlscra cr'tT)v KOLVroVLKT)eEcr11 Kat 'tT) xapaK'tT}poOOJli). OR KOLVroVLKTjeEcr11sivaL uovo 0 el;ro'tspLKoe;, 0 «eUpaesv»l opoe; 1toil 1tpocroWpi/,;SL 'tTjv iOSOAOYLKTj oLspyacria cr'tTjv 'l'uxTj 'toO oJlaoLKou el'tOJlou. eel 1tPE1tSLva epsuvi)croUJls, 1tOLEe; aeXByove~ 6e"'8~ p011eav 'tie; OLUq>OpSe; e1tLppOEe;'tfje; xotvorvfr«; vd xupurpxi)crouv el1tOKAsLcrnKiL cr'tT) cruvaLcre11JlanKT) /,;roi). "Evu I;EpouJls esnKu: on OEV slvct i) 1tslva' 11 'tOUAUXLcr'tOVOEVsivaL 0 Kaipwe; cruV'tSAscr'ti)e;, elAAL&e; i) 1taYKocrJlLa t1tavucr'tacr11 ea dxs aKoAouei)crsL 'tT)v 1taYKocrJlta' OLKOVOJlLKT)Kpicr11 'tOU 1929-1930. "Oco KL (tv i) oucrupscr't11 aO'tTj oLa1ticr'trocr11Jl1tOpsi' va KAovicrSL 'tie; KA11POVOJl11JlEvse; OiKOVOJlLKEe;elVnAi)'I'SLe;, 1tapaJlEvSL 1tuV'troe; elOLucrsLcr't11·

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tl;l1YoUV 'tT)v KOLVroVLKT)1tavucr'tacr11 am) 'tTjv «1taLoLKT)elv'tapcria t tvaV'tiov 'tOU 1ta'tEpa», cr11JlaivsL &'1tA&e; on EXOUV uno'l'T} rouq 'tOY enavacr'tu't11 't&V oLaVOOUJlsvrov KUKAroV. IIpuYJlan to& naiI,;SL anOq>acrLcrnKO POAO aO'toe; 0 eUJlLKOe; crUV'tSAscr'ti)e;. 'AAA' aO'to OEVicrXUSL YLa 'toile; I3WJlT}XavLKoile; tpyu'tse;. ~OXL m:oe;cr'tT)v tpyanKT) 'tul;T} olna'tEpse; Ka'ta1tLEl,;ouv ALYO'tSpO 'ta 'natOLU ron;: Iou-Ion i) Ka'tanis'O'T} tKSi' elvm cruxva nOAu 1tLO l3upJ)ap11 nap' on crnl JlLKpoacrnKT) 'tu~l1. Au'to OE crul,;l1'tsi'taL. ~Apu, i) «SLOOnOLOe;»oLaq>opa I3picrKs'taL cr'to oLaq>opsnKo rporco napayroyfje;, nOD Kaeopil,;sL Kai 'tT) otaq>opsnKT) cr'tucrT} elnEVaVn cr'tT) ysvs'tijotu 6PJlij. lUI va JlT)V JlnAsx't& crE naps~l1yijcrsLe;. npocreE'tro : 1')ysvs'tijcrta OPJlT)Ka'ta1tLE/,;s'taL xal cr'tT)v tpyanKT) 'tu~l1 uno 'to De; yovwue;. 'AAAa to& napa't11PouJlS elVnq>ucrsLe; nuvro cr' aino 'to l,;ij't11Jla, nOD OEVll1tUPXOUV cr'tT) jnxpouo-nxr], L'tO utxpouo-nouo I3MnouJls ",0'1'0 Ka'taniscr11 'tfje; tpronKfje; /,;rofje;. Ol tpronKEe; opacr't11PLo't11'tse;tOV JlLKPOa.cr'tOVq>avsprovouv Kaeapa 'tT)v aV'tiq>acr11 ' Jls'ta~D YSvs'tijcrLae; OPJlfje; Kat YSVS'tijcrwe; avucrxscr11e;. L'tT)V epyanKYt 'tul;l1 'ta npuYJla'ta dvaL oLaq>opsnKu. IIAuL cr'tYtv iJeLKLcrnKYt iosoAoyia 0 epYU't11e;oW'tT}psi' Enicr11e;- nou Aiyo, nov nOAD - Kai 'tie; OLKEe;'tOU uvnAij'l'sLC; YLa 'ta tpro'tLKU, nOD slvct
1. 06pagev = {)po<; apl<J't'o'teA.1Ko<;. (:E.'t.M.)

&K oWJlE'tPOU elV'ties'tse; JlE 'tYt cr'tsvOKEq>aA11 f]eLKij. LUV'tPEXSL cr' al)'to Kai 0 oLaq>opsnKOe; rpono; oLal3irocr11e;cr'to crnin Kai 6 crUVS'tatpLKOe; J)ioe; cr'tO tpyocr'tucrw. ~OA' aO'ta acrKOUV l.nav &1tiopacr11 nOD elvnJlUxs'taL 'tTJV f]eLKLcrnKYt elq>pooicrw iosoAoyia. '0 JlEcroe;'tunoe; 'tOO J)WJl11xavLKoO &Pyu't11 oWKpivs'tat t'ipa elno 'to I!EcrO'tll1tO 'toO JlLKpoacr'tOO YLa 'tTJVelVOLX'tT)Kat q>UcrLKT) cr'tucr11 rou el1tEVaVn cr'tl.e;YSVS'ti)crLse;oPI!Se; rou, ocro KL (tv slvci ouvmP11'tLKOe;KL elOLaq>ro'tLcr'tOe;.AVnAaJlJ)uvs'taL ' unslproe; KaM'tspa 'tie; eln6'1'ste; 'tfje; ysvs'ti)crtae; nOALnKfje; elno 'tOY 'tU1tLKOutxpouoro. KL ao'to YW't1. 'toO Aslnouv elKpLJ)&e; ol E~SLe;eKsi'vse;, nOD I3picrKOUJlScr'to KEV'tPO 'tfje; teVLKocrocrLaALcr'tLKfje; Kat &KKAnotuo-nKile; iosoAoyiae;: OT}AaoTj 1') 'tau'tLcr11 I!& 'tYtv aO'tapXLKYt t~oucria 'toO KpU'tOUe;, JlE «rov elvro'ta'to 1')YE't11'toO EeVOU<;l)."AAAT} JlLa an60sL~11, on 'ta KSV'tPLKU cr'toLxsi'a 'tfje; &eVLKocrocrtaALcrnKfje; iosoAoy{ae; 1tPOspxov'taL uno 'tT) ysvs'ti)crta olxovouin. 'H JlLKpoayponKT) 'tu~T} JlE'tT)V el'tOJlLcr'tLKTJ txovoutc 't11e; ni 'tYtv o x rooo JlSYUAT} oiKOysVStaKij 't11e; elnoJlovrocr11 slvrn sOKoAonpoorm cr'tTJv i.osoAoyia 'tfje; nOAL'tLKfje; uV'tiopacr11e;. AO'tTj dvaL 1') ahia 'tfje; oLucr'tacrT}e; uvuJlscra cr'tT)v KOLVroVLKYtescrT} Kai 'tYtv LOsoAoyia. "A V Kat 'to xapaK't11PLcr'tLKO 't11e; yvropLcrJla slvut 1') avcr't11PT) na'tptapxia Kat it uV'ticr'tOtX11 iJeLKij 'tT}e;. ev 'tOU'tOLe; uvan'tucrcrcrsL Kat KunOLSe; q>ucrLKEe; (tv Kal cr'tpaJ)Ee;- JlOpq>Ee; cr'tYtV epronKYt I,;roij rnc, "Oncx; cr'tYtv epya'tLKTj 'tU~l1, Kat cr' UV'tiescr11 JlE 'tTj uucpocorucn, 1') uypO'tLKTj vsoAaia elPXil,;SLvropie; 'tie; EpronKse; 't11e;crXscrsLe;' OJlroe; tl;aL'tiae; 'tfje; aocr't11Pfje; na'tptapXLKfje; uva'tpoq>fje; 0 'l'uxLcrJl6e; 'tT}e;EXSLota'tapax'tsi', 11 tKOT}Arovs'taL J)uvaucra, 1') tpro'tLKT) ouvsupecn yivs'tat cr'ta KPUq>U, i) elvaq>pooLcria ('I'Uxpo'tT}'ta) 't&V KOPL'tcrt&V slvrn 6 Kavovae;, ol epro'tLKoi q>OVOL Kat it l3uvaucr11 l,;ijAsLa, Kaeroe; Kat it unooouArocrT} 'tfje; yuvaiKae;, slvrn 'tunLKa q>aLVOJlSVa'tfje; ysvs'ti)crtae; /,;rofje; 't&V XroPLK&V. 'H ucr'tspia nouesva OEVKUVSL rsrotu JlSYUAT}epaucr11 onroe; cr'ta XroPLU. '0 na'tptapXLKOe; YUJlOe; sfvut 0 OiiCOVOI!LKa unayopSUJlSVOe;'tSALKOe; crKonoe; 'tfje; uva'tpOq>fje;. Tte; 'tSAStl'tai'se; oSKas'tise; cruV'tsMcr't11KS cr'tTJ I3wJlT}xavLKT) epya'tLKYt 'tUl;l1 JlLa i.OSOAOYLKTj uAAayij, nov 'tYt I3MnsL xuvsk; Kaea-

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pOta'ta O"ttlV epyattlCtl UPtO"tolCpatia, u').:)..a 1tOD 1tEpaO"S lCai O"t' dAAa epyattlCa O"'tproJ.lata. "H I3toJ.lT)XaVtlCtl epyatta tOl) 200l) airova OEV slvm 1tta to 1tpOAStapUlto tOl) 190u airova tOl) KapA Ma(!~. ~Exst eYICOA1tOlesi lCata J.lEya J.lEpOe;to f3io lCai ttl I3toeSOlpia tile; uO"'ttlCile; xowevtcc. "H tU1ttlCtl uO"'ttlCtl OT)J.lolCpatia OBV Exst J.lEVlipst ta OiICOVOJ.ltlCa eovopu tUlV ta~SOlV, 01t0le; OEV eXSt otaMO"st xui tie; qmAs'ttlCEe; 1tpOlCataA11\j1Ste;. 'AAAa oi lCOWOlVtICEe;e1ttotro~ste;, 1tOD uva1ttUXtT)lCav O"tOUe;lCOA1tOUe; tT)e;, exouvs O"f311O"St OOJ.ltlCa xcl ta iosoAoytlCa O"uvopa UVaJ.lsO"a O"ta Otata qiopn xotvorvtxd O"tproJ.la~a. "H f3toJ.lT)XavtlCtl epya'tta O"ttlV 'AyyAia, ttlv 'AJ.lSptlC11, ttl :rlCav~hvaf3ta, ttl Fspucvtu, Uo"'ttlCO1totsitat U1tO J.lEpa - O"e - J.lEpa. rta va lCataMf3ouJ.ls U1tO1tOtO OpOJ.lO siO"XOlpsi 6 cpaO"tO"J.lOe; O"ttlv spyattlCtl ta~T), 1tPE1tSt v« 1tapalCOAOUetlo"OUJ.lS ttl otaotlCaO"ia tile; J.lStaf3aO"T)e; U1tO ttlV uO"'ttlCtl oT)J.lolCpatia O"ta «ElC'talCta J.lEtpa» yta ttlv lCatapYT)O"T) tile; BooAile; &c; t1lV UVOtlCt1l cpaO"tO"'ttlC1lotlCtatopia.

ALO"ts';' YLOC't"l.oco1'ol. ~Xouv O'UVEL8'Yj1'07tOL~O'EL xoc6ocpcX, 7tw,; 1'0 XEC:PocAOCLOXPOC't"LXO otXOVO{LLXO aUO"t"'YJ{LOC,7tOU xOC't"OCPPSe:L 0" OA6xA'YjpO 'tov x60'{L0 ~(LEpoc, 7tpS7tEL v' <XV't'Lxoc1'ocO"toc6Ei: {Le: 1X.AAO aUO'TI){Loc, E7tE:L8~ xocl O"tov E6vLXO XEC:POCAOCLOXPOC1'LO'{LO (L7t0PEi: voc ~OCO'r.Ae8e:v IjiEL 1) 8LXct.LOO'UVYj)}.

Ta A6ytll Iluta ftxouv o"xsoov lCOJ.lJ.lOuvtO"'ttKU.EOUl 6 cpaO"tO"tT]e; ' OT)J.lllyroyoe; U1tSUeuVOtIlV u1tsuesille; 0"'t0 e1tllvIlO"tll'ttICO Iltcr9T)J.l1l 'Col) f3t0J.lT)XIlVtlCoUepyatT) J.16 O"UvstOT)ta s~ll1tatT)ttlC1l 1tp6esO"T). To J.1EYIleprotT)J.l1l fttllV, oJ.lOle;,ytllti lipllYs oev ef3AS1tS it eeVtlCOO"oO"taAtO"ttlCTtepYlltta, 1t(Oe; 6 cpaO"tO"J.loe;moO"x6tav ta 1taVta l O"'tODe; taVtSe;; "Hrcv YVOlO"tO1t(Oe;6 XhASP f3ptO"lC6tav O"E Otll1 1tPIlYJ.llltSuO"Ste; J.lE tODe; J.lSYIlAof3tOJ.ltlXIlVOUe;, t(Oe;tOUe; e1tlltpvs 1 XpTJJ.llltll lCllt tODe; o1t00"X6tllv UVttll1tSpytlllCT] VOJ.loesO"ill. ed 1tPE1tS\ va ocpstA6tllv O"tTtV'l'UXQAoytlCTt OOJ.lTttOU J.iEO"OU spyatT) 'COysyov6e;, Ott oev eI3ptO"lCav U1t11XT)0"T) tvt6e; tOU autee; of uV'ttcpaO"Ste;, 1tIlP' {SAT)tTtV evtovT) U1tOlCaAU1t'ttlCTt1tP01tayavoll tUlV £1tavllO"'tllttlCUlV oPYIlVroO"SOlV.rtTt o"uVEVtSU~tl roo J.le tOV "Auspt: lCavo 01lJ.l0cr\oypacpo NilCSPJ.l1tOlCSP 6 XitASP st1tS O"xs'ttlCd J.16 to /';tl'CT)J.la ti\e; uvayvroptO"T)e; tOU tOtOlttlCOl) e~OltSptlCOU xptouc; :
«E!{LOCL 7tE7tE:LO'{LevO';, /)'t"L Ot 8LE6vE'i:.; 't"pOC7tE:~L't"E'; 6' <XV't'LA'Yj<p60uv aUV't'o{Loc, /)1'L 1) rEp{LOCVLOC, imo E6vLXOO'OO'LocALO"ttx~ 8tocxu~epv'Yjo-t), E!Vct.t <XO'<pocA~'; 't"67t0,; E7tEV8uO'EWV, /)1't 7tp06u{Lw,; 60c XOp'Yj1'l6E'i: cXp{L08LW'; bloc E1tt't"6xtO yUpw O"tOC't"PLOC't"OL'; exoc't"o ytoc '7tLO''tWO'ELe;».

"0 cpaO"tO"J.lOe; SiXOlpsi O"tOUe;epya'ttlCOUe; lCUlCAOUe; U1tO ouo 1tASU-

pEe;: U1tO to ASYOJ.lSVO«lCOUPSA01tPOAStaptatO»l, (Ti U1tOlCPOUO"'ttlCtlelCcppaO"T)!)J.lEttlV liJ.lsO"T) PT)J.la'ttlC1l t~ayopa' lCai U1tOttlV X «epya'ttlCtl UptO"tolCpatia», roco J.le t1lV oixovouucq Otacpeopa, 00"0 lCai J.le t1lV iOsoAoytlC1l t1ttlPsta. "0 yspJ.laVtlCOe; cpaO"tO"J.lOe; J.lEtT]v UOtO"tlllCtT)1tOAt'ttlCtl tOU lmoO"XOtllv ta 1taVtIl O"tOUe;1taVre;: EtO"t, 1t·x., 6 Sp. Ttdpusp EYPIlCPS0"' eVil lipepo rou J.lEthAo «KSCPIlAlltoICPllttll» (Angriff, LS1tt. 1931) ta E~ile;:
«L't~ O'uyxev1'pwo-t) 1'OU 'E6vLXOU rEp{LOCVLXOU x6{L{Loc1'0.; 0'1'0 L't"E't"t'LVO, 0 XouYXEv{L'rcEPYx O'1'pcXC:P'YjXE (Le: 6ocu{LOCO'TI) O'ct.C:P~VELOC evocV1'LOV 't"OU 8LE6vou.; XEC:POC/\OCLOXpOC1'LO'{LOU. Luyxp6vwe; /){Lw,; 't"6\ T , I \ '£1... \ VLO'E, 7tWe; EWOCL OC7tOCpoc~TI)'t"'YJLLOCEVVLX'Yj Xe:C:POCAocLoxpocnoc. (
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1. Lumpenproletariat

= ltA.ll'tO- t\

KOllpeA.oltpOAe'taplu'to.

(I:.'t.M.)

('H rEp{LOCVLOC~'tO't 1) <XAAtWC;- Deutschland so oder so, O'EA. 211). "'Av to lCupto J.1EAT)J.l1l tile; S1tllvIlO"tll'ttlCile; 1tP01tayaV()Ile; fttllV 1tpaYJ.llltt va «otacpOltiO"st to 1tP0AstllptatO», t6ts fttllV aouvato vd 1tStuXSt to 0"lC01t6 tT)e; U1tsueuv6J.lsvT) a1tA&<; lCai uovo O"tTtv «ta~tlCTt O"Uvs{OT)crT]» roo, il1tpof3aAAOVtu<; roo O"UVSXUl<; UV'tttTtv lCStJ.lSvtlCTtOilCOVOJ.ltlCTtxct 1tOAt'ttlCTt lCataO"tllO"T), OUtS f3Ef3lltll ~SO"lCs1t6.l,;0vtae;OtllPlCUl<;tT]V U1tatT), 1tOD f3uO"O"oooJ.lol)Vtav svcvrtov roo. I1POl'ttO"tO epyo tile; s1tllvaO"tllttlCile; OtllcprottO"T)e; a fttllV e va lCatllMf3st lCllAa lCai va exst O"UVSXUl<; o1t6\j1T)tT)<;tie; eO"OltSptlCEe; uVttcpaO"Ste; tOl) epyatT), to ysyovoe; ott oev o1tilPXs SOUl J.lta ~slClleaptO"J.ltVT) e1tllvllO"'tllttlCTt 13ouAT)O"T),1tOD lCllt61tt «e6AroO"S» il «O"UO"lCOtiO"'tT)lCS», ciAA' iStt to e1tllvaO"tlltt lCO erot xsio J.lEO"Il

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mijv \j!l)xucij OO)lT] 'tou EpyU't1], slrs osv sIxs UKO)l11 uvuml)x9si, stra sIxs otuf3pc.o9sr U1tO r' uv-ri9s'tu, 't' uvnopucrnKu OO)ltKU cr'tOlxsiu. Ttnuro, il U1tOKPl)cr'tUA.A.c.ocrl]'tOU E1tUVUcr'tU'ttKOU q>povil)lu'to<; 'trov )lu/;rov elver, 9uppro, 'to KUPto )lSA.l])lU, o'tuv 9sA.01»)ls vu eA.w9sprocrol»)lS 'tT]V xotvorvucf 't01)<; sU9uvl]. Tov KUtpO 't1'\<;«l1crI)X1]<;» ucrnK1'\<; Ol])loKpu'tiu<;, 6 U1tUcrxOAl])lSVO<; epyu'tl]C; exst )l1tp6<; 't01) Mo f3UcrtKS<; ol)vu't6'tl]'ts<;: 11 vu rcuncr'tsi )If: 'tl'jv u)lscrc.oC; uvro'tspil 't01) )ltKpoucrnKl'j 'tUSl], 1'1 vu rnuncr'tsi )lS 'tl'j OtKij 't01) xotvoivucn 'tUSl] 1tOD ysVVUSt 'tt<; OlKS<; 't1]<; )lOpq>s<; /;c.o1'\<;,uv-ri9s'ts<; 'trov uvnopucrnKrov. "Av OtuA.SSSt 'tOY 1tpro'to Spouo cr1])lUiVSl, mil<; /;l]A.suSt 'tOY uV'ttopucrnKo, on 1tpocr1tu9si vu 'tOY )It)ll]9si, KUt uv 'tou 'tuXSt 'Ii OA.tKl'j sl'.lKUtpiu vq svo-rspvtcrst 'tt<; crl)vil9sts<; 't01). To osu'tspo cr1])luivst, mil<; U1tOKPOUSt 'tt<; iOSOA.oyis<; KUt 'ti<; ESSt<; 'tou uvnopucrnKou, on OtUXc.opi/;st 'tl'j 9scrl] 't01) U1tsvuv'ti 't01), on 'tOY upvsi'tut, on KUAAtSPyst 'to otK6 't01) 'tP01tO /;c.o1'\<; Ut 'tOY osixvst. 'E1tst0Tt 6 KOtvc.oVlKOC; K J)io<; KUt 6 'tUStKO<; 'tP01to<; /;c.oi'j<;E1tSVSPYouv 'tul)'t6Xpovu, ol Mo Ol)vu'to'tl]'ts<; dvat icro<>uvu)ls<; KUt 1tuv'tc.o<; 1tpocrq>spov'tUt K:!~ ol <>Uo.To e1tuvucr'tunKo Kivl])lu osv sixs E1ticrl]<; EK1:l)lilcrst <'>p9u 'tt<; q>UtvO)lSVtKU ucril)luv-rs<; )ltKpocrl)vil9sts<; 'ti'j<; Ku9l]J.!sptvi'j<; /;c.oi'j<;, KUt )luA.tmu 1tOA.U crl)XVU 'tt<; sixs eK)ls'tuA.A.w'tsi cr'tpuJ)u. 'H )ltKpoucrnKl'j «crUA.o'tpu1ts/;upiu», 1tOD uyopu/;St 6 «1tPOAS'tUPto<;» )lOAt<; u1toK'tilcrst 'tu )lscra - Kt u<; EXSt KU'tU 't' UA.A.UE1tUvucr'tunKO epovnu«: 'Ii crI)VUKOAOI)91] KU'tUOI)Vucr'tSl)crl] 'tfi<; Yl)vuiKu<;, 1tUP' OAO 1tOD slvrn KO)lJlOI)Vlcr'til<;' 'to «KUA.O xocroout» 'tTtV KI)ptuKil, ol UKU)l1t'tS<; xopwnKs<; KtvijcrSt<; KUt XiA.ts<; UA.AS<; «juKPOAS1t'tO)lSPSts<;», O'tUV e1tUVUAU)lJ)UVOv'tUt Ku91] JlSptVU, EX0I)V )ltUV U1tstpc.o<; icrXl)po'tsPl] uvnopucrnKTt smppon, U1t' on unopoev VU icooaptcouv XtAtUOS<; E1tUvucr'tunKs<; crI)YKSv-rprocrSt<;, AOYOt KUt 1tpOKl]pUSSl<;. '0 cr'tSV6KUPOO<; covrnpnrucoc J)io<; S1tl]psu/;St UOtUASt1t'tU, 'tPI)1troVSt )lscru crs KUOS crXtcr)lUOtU 'tfi<; Ku9l])lsptvfi<; 'tptf3fi<;, tvro uV'ti9s'tu 'Ii OOI)AStU 0"1:0 tpyocr'tucrto KUt 'tu 1tP01tuyuVOtcrnKu q>I)AAUOtU E1ttOpO\)v 6ptcr)lsvs<; rops<; uovo. "Hruv upu Au90<; J)upu, o'tuv 'to E1tUvucr'tunKo KO)l)lU, «ytu vu 1tAl]crtUcrSt 'ti<; )lu/;s<;» J)uA9l]KS VU opyuvroVSt, ytoP'ts<; KUt 1tuvl]yuptu, e1tst0Tt 'tuxa 'tUtptu/;uv cr't1<; cuvrnpnrucs; 'tucrSt<;

'ti'j<; epyu'tta<;. I:s Kun 'tS'tOlU 6 uvnopucr:tKO~ q>umcr)lo,<; :,u KU'tUq>spvs U1tstpc.o<; KUAU'tSpU. ~'to ~PU,OI)VO qiopsuc, 1t01) ~J)u,/;s 'Ii tpyu'tPtu ytU )ltU 'tS'tOlU yto prr] , 1)1ti'jpxs 1ttO 1tOAA.l'j uAl]9stu uvuq>OptKU )lS 'tl'jv uvnopucrnKl'j oO)ll'j 'to\) EpYU'tl], 1tUpU cr' BKU'tO lfp9pu. To «J)PUOI)VO q>6ps)lu» xni " OiKOYSVStuKl'j )l1tl)po1to~iu Mv sIvat 1tUpU " e!;c.o'tspiKwcrl] )lta<; Ecrc.o'tSPtK1'\<; OtSpyucrtu<;, crl])lUOt on 01ti'jpxs i10l] " 1tpootu9scrl] )l~<; cr'tl'jv \j!l)xl'j ,'tou EPY~'tl] ytU vu osX'tsi 'to q>ucrtcr)l6. "Oruv KU't01ttV 6 q>ucrt?'tl]<; 01t?crxorev U1tO 1tuvc.o on 9u «KU'tUPYoucrs 'to 1tPOAS'tUptU'tO» Kat dxs

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)l' uu'to E1tt'tl)xiu, 9u nst, on crf: 90 cr'tt<; BKU'tO 1tSp~1t'trocrSt<; E1tt'tI)Xiu 't01) Of:V <'>q>stA.6'tuv mo oiKOVO)ltKO 't01) 1tpoypu)l)l~, UAAU cr'to «J)PUOI)VO q>Ol)cr'tUVt». Tlpensi v« 1tpocrsXOI»)lS nspioco'tspo, 1tOAD nsptcoorspo UU'tU 'tU )ltKp01tpUy)lU'tU 'ti'j<; Ku9l])lsptvi'j<; /;c.oi'j<;.Au'tu elver, 1tOD Otu)lOpq>roVOI)V l1VYXEX(!£{-teva, 'tTtV K01Vc.oVtKl'j npoodo, 11 'to uv-ri9s't6 'tl]<;, Kt oXt ot 1tOAtnKE<; q>PUcrSOAOyis<;, 1tOD SI)1tVUVS uovo 1tUpoOtKOD<; Ev90I)crtucr)lOu<;. 'Eoa, )la? 1tSpt)lSVSt cr1tOl)ouiu K' EA1ttOo<p6pu Epyucriu. 'H E1tUvacr'tu:tKl] O)lUOtKl'j otuq>roncrl] cr'tl'j Tsppcvlo; 1tSptopicr'tl]KS crxs<>ov U1tOKAStcrnKu cr'tTtv 1tP01tuyuvou «EVUVnu cr'tl'jv nstvc». "Onox; U1tOOstX'tl]KS, 'to cruv9l])lu 'tou'tO, UV KUt l1novbaio E1ttXstpl])lU, f}'tuv )ltU 1tOAD cr'tsvl'j J)ucrl]. 'H /;c.ol'j 'tOU uysA.uiol) u't6)l01) OtuOPU)lU'ti/;s'tut crs )lUptU ocru 1tpuy)lu'tu 1ticrc.o cr'tU 1tupucrKilvtu. '0 vscpo<; EpYU'tl]<; EXSt 1tAi'j90<; EYVOlS<;, tpc.onKE<; KUt 1tOAtnmtKf:<; 1tOD 'tOY KU'tUOI)Vucr'tsUOI)V, )l6At<; xop'tucrSt KU1tc.or;;'tl'jv nstvc 't01). '0 uyrovu<; Evuv-riov 't1'\<; 1tstvu<; EXSt 1tpc.o'tuPXtKl'j crl])lucriu, UA.AU KUt 'til 1tUPUcrKl]V1UKU «Sprouevn» 'tfi<; uv9pro1ttvl]<; /;c.oi'j<;1tpf;1t!n VU 1tUP0l)crtucr'touv U1tPOKUAI)1t'tU cr't' m)lo q>ro<;'tOU 1tpocrKilvtol) crs 'tOU'tO 'to 1tt9l]K09su'tpo, 1tOD 'to\) si)lucr'ts OAOt )lU<; 9SU'tE<; )lu/;t KUt «01tOKpt'tS<;». eu J)A.S1tU)ls rors, noco uVS!;UV'tAl]'tU Ol])ltol)pytKOt 9u slvct ol Epyu/;6)lsvot mt<; 1tpocr1tu9sts<; 't01)<; v' uvumu!;ol)v vss<; )lOpq>f:<; /;c.oi'j<;K' EVU OtKO 't01)<; q>l)crtKO 'tP01tO 'tOU crKs1t'tscr9ut. 'H xotvrovucf Ku'tuviKl]crl] 'ti'j<; Ku9l])lsptvo'tl]'tu<; 9u EOtvS cr'tt<; OtuJ)pc.o'ts<; U1tO 'tl'jv uv-riopucrl] )lu/;s<; )ltUV UKU'tUJlUXl]'tl] VSU 6p)lil. XPStu/;s'tUt o)lc.o<; )lta AS1t'tOJlSPStuKl'j KUt crI)YKSKpt)lSVl] )lsAS'tl] uu'trov 'trov 1tPOJ)Al])lU'tc.oV, 1tOD 9u E!;Ucrq>UAtcrSt KUt 9u E1tt'tUXUVSt 'tl'j vtxn 't1'\<; E1tUVUcr'tucrl]<;. Kt u<; )lTt )la<; uvn-

112
8. 'H p.aClx~ 'I'vXoAoyla Toii q;aGIfJp.oii

113

xpouoouv JlE 'to orstpo 1tp6crx11Jla, 1tro<;au'te<; oi 1tpo'tucrSt<; Jla<; elvoi o\)'to1tis<; Ka1. uovo ... Av eEA.OUJlS1tpuYJla'tt va S~O)'tSPtKSUroev OA.s<;of ouva't6't11'ts<; yta Jltav sPY0011JloKpa'ttKTJ l;ooi], 't6'ts ea 1tPE1tSt va 1tOA.SJli]croUJls'tTJV uV'ttopacr'ttKTJ voorpontn Kat v' uYOOVtcr'toI)JlSyta 'tTJV UVU1t'tU~l1svo<; 0JlaOtKol) Pto1tOAt'ttcrJlol) 1tODail'to<; Kat uovo Jl1topsi va Jlli<; s~acr<paAicrst JlOVtJl11dpi]v11: "Oco 'Ii uV'ttopaO"'ttKTJ KOtVOOVtKTJ uvsueuv6't11'ta ea s~aKoAou9si va VtKIi 'tTJV KOtVOOVtKTJ sM6v11 Jlscra O"'tTJV'I'UXTJ 'tol) SPYU't11, 9a 'tol) sIvat 1tOA\)OUO"lCOAO Uva1t'tu~St S1tavacr'ta'ttKTJ cruvsi011cr11, v' 011AaOTJ SAAOYll UV'ttJlS'tro~tcr11 'tlov KotvoovtKlOv 1tPOPA11JlIl'toov. 'AAAa 'to epyo 'tfj<; 0JlaOtKfj<; 'I'uxoAoyia<; elvrn U1tapai't11'to Kai yta ~vav aAAo Myo.
'0 S~SU'tSAtcrJlO<;'tfj<; XStpoovaK'ttKfj<; spyacria<;, 1tOD KUVSt 'tOY uv'ttopacr'ttKO KOAapocpopSJlSVO sPyU't11 v' uitOJltJlSi'tat 'tOY ucr't6,

crX11Jla'til;st 'to 0JlaOtKO 'I'uxoAoytKo u1t6Pa9po, 1tuvoo cr'to o1toio cr't11pil;s'tat cpacrtcrJlo<; o'tav upxil;St va dcrxoopsi cr'ti<;spya'ttKe<; Jlass<;. '0 cpamcrJlo<; u1t6crxs'tat va Ka'tapyi]crst 'ti<; 'tu~St<;, 011AaOTJ va Ka'tapyi]crst 'to 1tpoAs'taptu'to, K' E'tcrt PpicrKSt U1ti]X11cr11 cro a1cr911Jla 'tfj<; KOtVoovtKfj<;Ka'tOO'tsp6't11'ta<;, Kat v'tP01tfj<;, 1tOD pacravil;st 'tOY sPyu't11. Of uyp6'ts<;, 1tOD Tjpeav urco 'to xoopto cr'tTJV1tOA11,cpspavJlal;i 'tOU<;UVS1taCP11 losoAoyia 'tfj<; uypo'tTJv 'ttKfj<; OiKoYEVSta<;, 1tOU, 01too<;sloaJlS, dvat 'Ii KaAU'tsP11 'tpocpo<; 'tfj<; au'toKpa'toptKfj<;-s9vtKtcr'ttKfj<; losoAoyia<;. Kovrn cr' au'tu, cruv'tsAsi'tat cr'to spya'ttKo KiV11Jla Kat Jlta losoAoytKTJ otspyacria, 1t0\) oev 'tfj<; dxav orocrSt 'tTJV npoofpcouon crm1acria, o'tav U1tOA6ytl;av 't1.<; ouva't6't11'ts<; 'tol) s1tavacr'ta'ttKol) Ktvi]Jla'to<; cr'ti<; PtoJl11XavtKU u1taVU1t'tuK'tS<; ft uva1t'tuYJlsvs<; Xlops<;. '0 Kcooroxu dxs ota1ttcr'trocrSt, 1tro<;0 sPYU't11<;cr'tTJVSKptoJl11xaVtcrJlSV11'AYYAia sIvat 1tt0 u1taVU1t'tuK'tO<;1toAt'ttKa U1tO'to ouvcoSAcpo rou cr'tTJ PtoJl1lxaVtKa u1tavU1t'tuK't11 Poxrtc (Kowwvt"ij 'EnavG.o"r:aafj, 2a sKoocr11 crsA. 59-60). Td 1toAt'ttKa ysyov6'ta cr'ta 'tsAsu'taia rpurvm xp6vta oev ucpi]vouv KaJltaV UJlCPtpoAia, 1tro<;'Ii s1tavucr'tacr11 suooKiJl11crs 1tsptcrcr6'tspo cre xrops<; ptoJl11xaVtKa u1taVU1t'tuK'tS<;,01too<;'Ii Kiva, 'to MS~tKO Kai ol 'Ivois<;, 1tapa cr'tTJV 'AYYAia ft 'tTJ Tspucvto. K' au't6, 1tap' 01..0, 1t0\) cr'tTJV 'AYYAia Kai 'tTJ Tepucvin U1tfjpxs eva SK1tatOSUJlEVO Kai opyavo114

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JlEVOspya'ttKo KiV11Jla Jle 1taAte<; 1tapa06crst<;. Kt (iv UK6Jl11 OEV u1toAoyicrouJls 'tOY SKYPUCPStoKpU'ttcrJlO'tOu SpyU'ttKOU K6JlJlu'tO<;, 1t0\) xi uu'to<; slvm 1tu90AoytKO cr6Jl1t'tOOJlu,1tUAt slJlUcr'tS U1tOXPSOOJlEVot ' uvuPoo't119ouJlS : cre 'ti apuys ocpslAs'tat 'to pu9topiv l;OOJlu'tou cruv't11P11'ttcrJlOUcr'tTJ cromuA011JlOKpu'tiu KUt cr'to ouvOtKaAtcrJlo 'troY ou'ttKlOv xooplov; 'And -dj a"oma -rfjr; 0fla~t"fjr; 1pVXoAoytar;,j aO(ftaA~fjflo"ea-rta a-rfjetCerat atu; avv-rfjefjn"er; r ~ofler; -rwv ona~wv -rfjr;. "Onox; Kai cr'tO cpumcrJl6, S'tcrt Kt solO, 'to 1tp6PA11JlUoev EK1t11yul;st roco U1tO 'tTJV1tOAt'ttKTJ'tfj<; 'liyscriu<; 'tol) K6JlJlu't0<;, ocro U1tO 'tTJV oJluoo'l'UxoAoytKTJ pucr11 'tfj<; spyu'ttKfj<; 'tU~l1<;. ea U1tOOsl~OO JlsptKa uovo cr11JlUv'ttKa OSOOJlSVU, 1t0\) 1tt9uvov va AUcrouv optcrJlEVU ulviYJlu'ta. 'IOOD uu'tu : L'tOV 1tpcl:ltJlOKscpuAUtoKpu'ttcrJl6, 1tAUt &t' u\)cr't11pa obcovouucd cr6vopa. Jls'tu~\) 'tfj<; Ucr'ttKfj<;'tu1;,l1<; Ut 'tOU 1tpoAs'taptu'tou, U1tfjpK XS K' EVU<;s~icrou ~sKu9upo<; losoAoytKo<; KUt 'I'UxoooJltK6<;, loioo<;, CPpuYJlo<;.'H u1toucriu K6:9S s'(oou<; KOtVOOVtKfj<; 1tOAt'ttKfj<;, 1') s~oU9SVOO'ttKTJ oSKus~uOOP11 ft Kat oSKuoX'tUOOP11OOUAStU, 'to XUJl11AOPtO'ttKO s1ti1tsoo 'tfj<; spya'ttKfj<; 'tU~l1<;,01tOO<; 1tSptypu'to cpStKAucrtKa 0 "Ev.y"eAr; cr'tTJJlsM't11 rou •H "a-raa-raafj -rfjr; leya~t"fjr; -ra;fjr; a-rijv 'AYYAla, oev S1tt'tPE1tUV'tTJ OOJltKTJ s~oJloioocr11 'tol) 1tPOAs'tuptu'tou Jle 'tTJV Ucr'ttKTJ 'tU~l1. To KUPto yvroptcrJlU cr'tTJV'I'UXOOOJlTJtol) 1tPOAs'tuptoU 'to 190 uirova Tj'tuv 'Ii 'tU1tStVTJ ' U1to'tuYTJcr'tTJ uotpu. 'H uysAuiu 9UJltKTJ otu9scr11 'tol) 1tPOAs'tuptdrou sKsi YOU, Ku9ro<; Kui 'tfj<; UypO'ttKfj<; 'tu~T}1;, Tj'tav uotacpopiu, u1tu9stu Kui UJlPAUVOtU.Aev sIxs UVU1t'tuX9si UK6Jl11'Ii uecoUcr'ttKTJ voorpomn, K' e'tm 'Ii uJlPAuVOtU sKsiV11 oev sJl1t6otl;s va. ~scr1taV Jle 'tTJVKu'tuAA11A11ucpopJlTJ S1tuvucr'ta'ttKU uicrei]Jlu'tu, uu90PJl11'tU Kat Xoopi<; npospyuctu, 1tOD 1tuipvuv UVU1tUV'tSXS<; Otucr'tucrSt<; cr' eV'tucr11 xni U1tocpucrtcr'ttK6't11'tU. 'Av'ti9s'ta, orov o'l'tJlo KscpuAutoKpa'ttcrJl6, t'iAAu~uv 'ta 1tpuYJlu'tu. "Otnv 1tta. 'to opyavOOJlEVo SpyU'ttKO KiV11JlUKEPOtcrs optcrJlEVS<; KOtVOOVtK01tOAt'ttKE<; rou OtSKOtKi]crSt<;,01too<;nepioptcusvo XP6vo spyucr{u<;, SICAOytKOotKuiOOJla, KOtVOOVtKE<; ucrcpuAicrst<;, 'Ii SpyU'ttKiJ 'tU~l1 OUVUJlOOcrs 'tU~tKU, U1tO'tTJVaAA11 JlSptU, oJlOO<;, Jlev t'ipxtcrs rnuroxpovu KU1.f) UV'ti9S't11 OtuotKucria: Jle 'tTJV S~U'I'oocr11'tol) BionKOUS1tt1tEOOU,'Ii OOJltKTJs~oJloioocr11 Jle 'tTJ Jlscruia 'tU~l1' Jle 'tiJv 115

S~EA.t~lltii~ lCOtvroVt1cii~ 9Ecrt'I~,of «U1jlllA.S~ ~M1jIet~», ta «J.I£yaA.o1ttaO'iJ.lata». '0 s~aO'ttO'J.lo~ auto~ SVtO'XMlllCe tT)V S1tOxi'J tii~ eUllJ.lep{a~, lCt i5mepa, (Stav l;tO'1taO'av of OilCOVOJ.ltlCS~ lCp{O'et~, aPxtO'e va S1ttOpa. avamaA. ttlCa mT)v aVa1ttO~ll tO~ t1tavaO'tattlCO~ at0'9T)J.lato~. •H :n;oAt'tt"a &"e~?}yrrr"l {Y{YPap1] ij~ aoa,a.Ar»]po"ea'tta~ a'ta xe6T 'Vta 'tij~ ol"o'V0ltt"fjr; "elr11]r;~'ta'V ~ Tikta l"cpeaa"l Tijr; (Jta{Jewr11]~, :n;ov eIxe bucpieet 0 aV'V't1]e'YJTtapOr;aT'Yj'V eeraTt"7] 'tM1]. To ~T)tllJ.la etva.t va lCataM~ooJ.l£, O'S 1tota J3aO'tlCaO'totxeia crnpt~etat . .::\00 OeOoJ.18va~exrop1~oov solO: II 1tPOO'T)A.roO'll O'tOVllyttll, OllA.aOT) I alCA.6Vlltll 1tlO'tll O'tO aA.CLv9aO'totO~ 1tOA.tttlCO~ I llyttll1 (1tap' OA.ll tT)V tv06J.lOXll lCptttlCT)01ageO'll, 1tOV, oJ.lro~, OSVtlCOllA.rovetat SJ.l1tpalCta)· lCat II t~oJ.loiroO'll J.lStT) O'OVtllPllttlCT)J.l1lCpOaO'ttlCT)ta~ll O'ta 9tJ.lata tii~ a<ppo010'talCii~ iJ91lCii~. Ol J.leyaA.oucroi 1tporo911O'av tvspya tOY t~aO'ttO'J.lo auto tii~ tpyattlCii~ ta~ll~. "A v O'ta 1tprotaPXWlO'J.lata tOO 0 IlsyaA.oaO'ttO'J.lo~ lCPUoaws lCOptoA.SlCttlCa J.lamiyto svcvrtov tll~, tropa, O'ti~ xrops~ to 1tO\>osv s{Xav 01tOlCV1jISt alC6J.lll O'tO <paO't0'J.l6,to xpurobos O'tT)V s<psopsia, lCai to J.lstaxs1pt~6tav uovo svcvrtov toi} t1tavaO'tUtll
1. To KaM>Ka{pt
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spyutll. rta ti~ O'oO'taA.OllIlOlCpatllCS~ spyatllCS~ J.lU~S~Xp~O'tJ.lO1totoi}O's ~va 1toM mo tmlCivoovo J.18O'O:tT) O'OVtllPllt1lCll losoA.oyia 0" oA.a ta s1ti1tsoa.
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A.11ua yta 't1lv 1tol..mK1'! Kp{UTJ J,le uOmaI..011J,lOKpattKoil~ epyO:'tE~. 1toil eIxav 1tapEl>pE9et <11:1l<roy1CMp<ooTJ. I:1>J,l!p(i)vo{)uav J,le 61..a 'ta e1ttXEtp1lJ,lata. 1toil avrtKpouav 'tov 1tpo1tayaVOt,6J,lEVO a1to 'tfI I:omaI..011J,lOKpatia Kai Kata «op6J,l0 1tpO~ 'to uoutal..tuJ,l6», 'ta liAM oe olacp&paV a1to 'toil~ KOJ,lJ,lOI>Vlme~ ep-

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'ElluC; Ilac; tVOtaq>SPEt toro c'l1toKAEtcrnKa iJ liAoY111t'pOEAEucr11 iOEOAoytrov at)'trov, 1t'OD crull[3aoi~ouv Ils 'to a{)'tOKpa'toptKa q>spov'ta 'tfjc; Tsppuviuc, Kai iOicoc; of uvnq>acrEtC; Kai of ytcrlloi IlEcra cr't1) q>uAEnK1) Bsmptu. Of Oecoprrnxo! 't11C;,1t'OD KaAot)v'tat Eva [3wAoytKo vOIlO, 1t'apa[3At1t'ouv on iJ tK'tPOq>1) t~EUYEVtcrllsvcov ~rocov slvct 'tEXV11'tonpotov, To eElla osv slvrn, liA-. AcoeJ'tE, liv 1l1t0p0t)V vd ~Euyaprocrouv <>crKuAoc; IlS 't1) ya'ta, uAA' iiv 'to 'tcro1tavocrKuAo Kai 'to AaycovtKo, <>Fsppuvoq Kt <>LAat)oc; aicreavov'tat «<>PIlSIlq>U't11U1tocr'tpoq>1)) yta 't1)v &1ttIlEt~ia. Of EK1tPOcrC01tot'tfjc; q>uAEnKfjc; eEcopiac;, 1tOD slvrn cruvolll1AtKOt IlS 'tOY aU'toKpa'toptcrllo, eEAouv va q>na~ouv q>uAEnK1) svo't11'ta crs Aaouc;, 01tOU iJ E1ttIlEt~ia, xap11 cr't1)v E~a1tAcocr11'tfjc; 1taYKocrllta<; olxovoutcc, dvat rooo 1tPOXCOp11IlEv11, cr'tE iJ Kaeapom 't11'ta 'tfj<; q>uA va EXEt cr11llacria 1l0VO crs Kan U1tOAteCOIlSVOUC; fj<; EYKsq>aAouc;. Lls ea E1tEK'taeOt)IlE EOro oihE cr't1)v liAA11 uvo11cria, on 'taxa <>q>uAE'ttKo<;neptoptouoc, slvm 'to OEOOIlEVO cr't1) q>ucr11, EVro crull[3aivEt aKpt[3ro<; 'to av'tieE'to, ol1Aao1) 'to E1ttIlEtK'ttKO ~Euyapcolla Ilscra cr'to tOW Elooc;. 'R llpEuva Ila<; osv E~E'ta~Et 'to BAAoyo 1tEptExoIlEVO 'tfj<;q>uAEnKfj<;eEcopia<;, 1tODav'ti yta 1tpaylla'ttKa OEoollsva 1tpo[3aAAEt a~tOAoYl1crEtC; Kai a1to 'tic; a~toAOYl1crEt<;Ka'taq>EuYEt crs Otacr'tPE[3Acocr11 'troY 1tpaYllanKrov OEOOIlSVCOV. Llsv 1tpOKEt'tat liAAcocr'tE va 1tEicroullE 11' E1ttXEtPl1lla'ta xcvsvc q>acrtcr'tl1, 1tOD cra Ncpxicooc 1ttcr'tEUEt aKpaoav'ta cr't1)v at;wAoytK1) ll1tEPOX1)'tfj<; YEPllavocrUv11<;'tOU, yta 'tOY a1tAoucr'ta'to AOYO,o'tt <>VOt)<;rou os oouAEuEt 11' E1ttXEtPl1lla'ta, aAM Ils liAoya aicrOl1lla'ta. Elvct Ila'taw, E1ticr11C;, a eSAOUIlE va 'tOt) U1tOOEt~OUv IlE, on <>NEYPO<; Kai <>·!'taM<; dvat E~icrou «U1tO pel'tcra», crav 'tOY Tspucvo. '0 q>amcr't1)<; Ila<; VtroOEt «UVro'tEPO<;»- 'tEAEta Kai 1tauAa! '0 uovo; 'tP01tOC; va E~l1Yl1croullE 't1) q>uAE'ttK1) eEcopia, slvm va ~EcrKE1telcrouIlE 'ti<; li/"OYE<;AEt'toupyiE<; 't11<;. Lluo dvat ol KUptO'tEPE<;: iJ Ilia elver, va orocrEt cr'ti<; a\)'tOKpa'toptKS<; 'ta122

crEt<; Ilta [3wAoytK1) otKaicocr11, iJ liAA11 va EKq>pacrEt O(!U1p,eva , vnoavvs[{)1JTa pEulla'ta 'tOt) ~vatcr011lla'ttcrllot) 'tot) &O~tKtcr'tfj Kai v' a1tOcrKE1tacrEt <>ptcrIlEVE<;liAAE<; 'l'UXtKS<; p01tE<;. 'Eoro Oa E~E'tacrouIlE 1l0VO 't1)v 'tEAEu'taia a\)'t1) AEt'toupyia. Ma<; tvOtaq>EPEt Eiot1CU, o'tt <>Xi'tAEP IltMEt yta «atllollt~ia» (<<u'tiIlcocr11'to\) ailla'to<;»), o'tav Eva<; "Apio; ~EUYllprocrEt IlS 1111 Apto, tyro, cruv110co<;, IltAclIlS yta afIlOllt~ia, lS'tav eEAoUllE uKpt[3ro<; va xapaK't11picrouIlE 't1)v EpCO'ttK1)ouveopeon ollatllCOV cruYYEVroV. I1000E 1tPOEPxov'tat a\)'ts<; of [3AaKEiE<;Ilta<; «OEcopia<;», 1tOD dXE 't1)v t;E1tapIlEV11 a~icocr11 va yiVEt 'to eEIlEAW svo<; VEOU xoouou, Ilta<; «'tPi't11<; [3acrtA.Ela<;»;"A V E~OtKEtCOOOt)IlElS 't1)v tOEa, o'tt xci I of liAoYE<; OUlltKS<;[3acrEt<;Ilta<; 'ts'totac; ll1tOeEcr11<; pcocr'taVE 't1)v X u1tap~l1 'tOU<;, cr't1)v 'tEAEU'taia uvaAucr11, crs <>ptcrIlEVE<;[3W'ttKS<; crUVOfjKE<;'liv u1taAAaX'tot)IlE a1to 't1)v iOEa, 5n IlE'taOE'touIlE 'to ~l1't11lla·cr't1) IlE'taq>ucrtKTt, o'taV avaKaM1t'tOUllE au'ts<; 'ti<; uAoYE<;, aAM ~S1t11011IlEVE<; U1tO Iltav BAAOY11 [3acr11 1t11Ys<;otaq>opcov , KocrlloOEcoptrov - 'totE uvoiYOUIlE 'to OpollO 1tpo<; 't11v 1t11y1) 'til<; tOta<; 'til<; IlE'taq>ucrtKfj<;, xci Ka'taAa[3aivouIlE, OXt 1l0VO 'tou<; opou<; 'til<; fcr'tOPtKfj<; 't11<;YEVEcr11<;, aAAa Kai't1)v OAtKl1 't11<;01t6erccn. Td crull1tE'pacrllata Oa IltAl1crouv a1to uovc rooc,
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'R 1tt0 cruxv1) uq>0PIl1) yta 1tapE~l1Yl1crEt<;ro<;1tpo<; 't11 crxscr11 Ilta<; iOEOAoyia<; IlS 't1)v i,(JTOel~TJ AEt'tOupyia 't11<;1tPOEPXE'tat a1to 'to YEYOVOC;, OSV ~Excopi~OUIlE 't1)v avnKEtllEVtK1) U1tO 't1)v U1tOon KEtllEVtKl1 't11<;AEt'toupyia. Oi avnAl1'1'Et<; 'tfj<; otK'ta'topiac; ~E1t11Oliv Ka'ta 1tpro'tov U1tO't1)v otxovouncn [3acr11- au'to 1tPS1tEt va 'to Ka'taAa[3ouIlE. 'R q>acrtcr'ttK1) q>uAE'ttKT)eEcopia Kai YEVtKa iJ EOVtKtcr'ttK1) iOEoAoyia BXOUVcruyKEKptIlEV11crxscr11 Ils 'tou<; aO'toKpa'tOptKOD<; cr'tOXou<; Ilta<; iJYE'ttKilc; 'ta~l1<;, 1tOD 1tpocr1tnOEi v« E1ttAucrEt 'ti<; olxovouuce; 't11<;oucrxsPEtE<;. '0 YEPllaVtKOC;Kai <>yaAAtKo<; EOvtKtcrllo<; o-rov 1taYKocrllw 1tOAEIlO E1ttKaAot)v'tav «KaOS q>opa 'to IlEYaAEtO 'tOt) IlOvou<;», 1tOD1ticrco 'too lq)u[3ov'tav of OiKOVOlltKS<; &1tEK'ta'ttKs<; 'tacrEt<; 'tOt) YEPllavtKot) ~ai 'to~ yaAAtKot)
123

lleyaAou Ke<paAaiou. Ma of obcovouixot aO'tot 7tapayov'te~ 5tv a7to'teAoUv 'tTtV ouoiu 'tfl~ aV'ticr'totXT)~ 10eoAoyia~, aAM uovo 'to KOtvroV1.KO E5a<p0~, 7tavro cr'to 67toio Jl7tOpoUV va 5taJloP<Pro90()v aO'tt~ ol 15eoAoy{e~, 'ti~ cruv9f1Ke~ 0T)Aa5Tt7tOUdvat a7tapai'tT)'te~ yta va 0T)JltoupyT)90Uv 'tE'tOte~ 15eoAoyie~. l:uJl~aivet IlaAtcr'ta 6 e9vtKtcrll0~ va Ili)v eK7tpocrro7tei'tat Kav xoworvucc, Kai 7tOAUAtyo'tepo ~E~ata, va evapllovi~e'tat Ilt <puAenKt~ a7to'l'et~. l:'tTtV 7taAta Aocr'tpo-Ouyyapia 6 e9vtKtcrll0~ 5t cruVE7tt7t'teIlt 'tTt <pUAi) aAM Ilt 'tTtv «7ta'tpi5a» Aocr'tpo-Ouyyapia. , "Oruv cr'ta 1914 6 M7tE'tllavv- XOA~SYK KaAoUcre 'ttl «yepllavoc:ruVT)) va ~ecrT)Krogei svuvriov 'tfl~ «crAauocr6vT)~», 9a E7tpe7te KaVOVtKa va e7tt'tegei Kupiro~ evav'tiov 'tfl~ Aocr'tpia~, ao'toU 'toU Ka'ta nAeto'l'T)<pia crAaUtKOUKpa'tou~. Of olxovouucsc cruv9fjKe~ JltU~ 15eoAoyia~ S7tOJlEVro~, at Iltv e~TJ'YoUv'ttlV UAtKi) 'tT)~ 136.crT) v aAM ot Jlu~ Mve clJlecra 'ti7to'te yta 'tOY liAOYO7tupi)va 'tT)~. '0 7tupi)va~ ao'to~ u7tapxet clllecra IDe; xapaK'tT)pOOOJli) 't&V av9pc07trov, 7tOU slvrn 07t0'taYIlEVOt cr'ti~ otxovoutxec aO'tt~ cruv9fjKe~ Kat Ka't' ao'to 'tOY 'tP07tO ava7tapayouv cr'ti)v 15eoAoyia 'tou~ 'tTtV IoropiKtl-oiKoVOlltKtl 5ta5tKacria. LJtall-0eqJwvov-rw; -rk lc5sOAoyls~ of avOeWnOt fl-E'tall-0(!q;wvovrat 'X' oi rt5tot' G-r1] t5tat5t'Xd.Gla -rfj~ lc5soAOytonAaGla~ PeW'XE"Cat 0 VAt'X6~ -r'YJ~nvlP7va~. "Broi, it 15eoAoyia EXet Eva 5t7tAO OAtKOgelleAirolla: Eva ell-Il-Mo cr'ti)v oixovoIltKTt 50llTt 'tfj~ KOtvrovia~, K' Eva all-SGO, cr'ttlV 'tU7ttKtl OOIlTt't&V av9pc07trov 7tOU'tTtVava7tap6.youv, 7toil Kt aO'ti) 7taAt Ka90pi~e'tat a7to 'tTtV olKovoJltKi) 50llTt 'tfj~ Kotvrovia~. Elvui AOt7tOV<pavepo, 7t(h~ ot clAOYE~15EoAoyto7tAacriE~ 5tallOP<PcOvouv clAOYE~av9pcOmve; xapaK'tT)p050IlE~. Kupin xapaK'tT)ptcrnd 'tfj~ 501lfj~ 'toU <pacrtcr'tfj ll'tav it IlE'ta<pucrtKtl crtcE'I'T) it geocrE13eta, it 7tpocri)A.rocrT) r' a<pT)pT)IlEVa , c 119td 15avtd Kal it 7ticr'tT)cr'-tTt9Eia a7tocr'toATt 'toU «cI>6pEp».Ta xapaK'tT)ptcrnKa aO'ta ll'tav gellEAtrollEva cr' Eva l3a96'tEpo cr'tp&lla, cr't1)v IcrxupTt aO'tapxtKtl 7tpocri)"-rocrT) cr'to 15avtKo 'toU itYE'tT) i1 'toU E9vou~. 'H 7ticr'tT)cr'tTt «<pUATt xupiorv», cr'ti)v «u7tepav't&V 9pro7t0c:ruvT)), EytvE lcrxupo'ta'to xtvnrpo 'tfj~ 7tpOcri)ArocrT)~'t&V e9VtKocrocrtaAtcr't&v crov «cI>6PEP», Ka9~ t7tiO"T)~Kat'tfl~ t9EA06crta~ o7to'taYfl~ rou; cr'tTt5Ecr7t0'tEia rou, Koven cr' aO'ta, ollro~,

a1to<pacrtcrnKTt t1ti)peta acrtco()crE it EV'tOVT)ta6ncrT) IlE 'tOY «itYE' 't"1», 7toil a7tocrKE7ta~e cr'to t~av5pa7t0()tcrIlEvo cl'tOIlO'ti)v u7to'tayi) roo Kal 'ttlV aYEAaia roo IlT)Oalltvo'tT)'ta. Ka9E e9VtKocrocrtaAtcr'ti)~, 7tap' OAT)roo 'ttlV t~ap'tT)crT), Evtro9E 'tOY sau'to rou crav Eva «lltKPO XhAEP». To 7tpO~AT)lla, 7toil Ila~ a1tacrxoAei t<pe~fI~ slvrn aKpt~&~ it xapaK'tT)pOAOYtKtl ~acrT) .lo'tfj~ 'tfl~ crull7tept<popu~. ea 7tpE7tet v' aVtxve6croulle 'ti~ eVEp'YT)ntcE~ AEt'toupyiE~, 7toil 7tpocr()toPtcrIlEvE~ Kt aO'tE~ a7to 'ti)v ayroyi) Kai 't1)v 7tEptppEoucra KOtvroVtKtl a'tllocr<patpa, IlE'tacrXT)lla'ti~ouv 'ti~ aV9pc07ttVE~()OIlE~Ka'ta 'tS'totoV rpono, rocr'tEva Il7tOpoUv 1tt va Ota1lOP<pro90Uv'tE'tOtoU El()OU~ avn()pacrnKE~ Kai OyE~ p07tE~ IlEcra cr'to xapaK'ti)pa. Kat 'to XEtpo'tepo: ot e~ ()pa7to()tcrllEVOt Kai 7tapallop<proIlEVOt aO'tot xapaK'tfjpE~, muousvot IlEcra cr't'1)va7tOAu'tT)'ta6ncri) roue Ilt 'tOY «cI>6pep», ()tv alcr9avov'tat 'ti)v Ka'tatcrx6vT) 7toil 'toil~ 7tE'tUVEKa'ta7tp6crro7t0, o'tav 'tou~ ovoll6.~ouv «u7tav9po)7tou~». "A v a7ton va~oullE 'to 7tapa7tE'tacrlla 'tfj~ KocrIl09EropT)nKfj~ <ppacrEoAoyia~, iiv ()ta7ttcr'tcOcrouIlE'to clAOYO7tEPtEX6IlEV6'tT)~Kat 1l6.90UllE va 'to crucrXE'ti~oUIlEcrroO''ta IlE 'ti~ a<ppo()tcrto-OtKOVOlltKt~ ap9pcOcrEt~ 'tfj~ i()EOAoyto7tAacria~ - rots 'to 7tPO"l'to7tpa'Ylla, 7toil 7tpoO'eAK6Et 'ttlV 7tpoO'oxi) Ila~ slvci it O''tEpeo'tU7tT)'ta6nO'T) 'tfl~ «()T)AT)'tT)piacrT)~ <puAfI~»Ilt 't1) «()T)AT)'tT)piacrT) ailla'to~». 'tfj~ 'toU Ti O'TJllaivet ao'to;

3. cI>ul&'t1Ktl clyvotT)ta, 5t)1t)tl1piaCJt) tot) a[J1at~ Kai J1U(J'tlK1CJJ10~ «TIapclAAT)Aa IlE 'ttlV 7tOAtnKi) Kai 119tKTtO'a'l'T) 'toU Aao() O'UIl~6.Ot~E ano xpovta 'tcOpa Ilta t~iO'ou 'tPOIlEPi) ()T)AT)'tT)piaO'T) 'toU Aai:KoU O'cOlla'to~a7to 't1) c:ru<ptAT)), ypa<pE 6 Xi'tAEP, CO aYcOva~ E uou, creA. 269). 'H ahia ll'tav, Ka'ta 7tPO"l'toA6yo «it tK7t6pVEUO"T) 'tori Epro'ta. Kt liVaK61lT) 'to a7to'tEAecrJla 'tT)~ ()EVll'tav it 'tPOIlEPtl appcOO'na, 7taAt 9a E~Aa<p'tE ~a91a 'to Aa6, yta'ti 'tori <p'tavouv floT) ot 119tKOt a<pavtO'lloi, 7toil <pEpve1 Ila~i roo 6 tK<PUAtcrllo~, Y1a va Ka'ta~apa9pcOO'ouv crtya, Ila criyoupa, Eva Aa6. To()'to~ 6 125

124

e~EppaLcr~oe; 'tfje; \jIOXucfje; ~ae; srofje;, xci 6 'EK~la~l~rovlcr~oe; seuyapronKfje; 6p~fje; ~ae; 9a Ka'tacr'tpE\jIOOV upya ii cruVOA.ll 'tl] YEvul ~ae; ... » (cr. 270). «To a~ap'tll~a EvaV"Ciov 'tOI) a'i~a'toe; xui 'tfje; qmA.fje; elvoi 'to zpoxcropuco a~ap'tll~a 'toil xoouou rourou xui 'to 'tEA.Oe; 1ae; EK~aoA.1cr~Evlle; uv9pro1t6'tll'tac;» ~ (cr. 272). 'R cpOA,EnKl] t1t1~E1~ia 60llYEi, S1tO~Evroe;, cru~cprova ~' m)'tl] 'tl] oo~ao'ia, cr'tllV Ai~0~1~ia K' E'tcr1 cr'tl] «011A.11'tllPiacrll 't01) a'i~a"COe; 't01) A.aiKOU O"(.o~a"COe;». «Td 6A.ocpavEpa crovaK6A.oo9a au"COu 'tou 6~a01Kou tKCPOA.1cr~OU (U1tO 'tl] cruCP1A.ll)~1t0pEi KavEie; va 'ta j3pEi cr'ta 1ta101a ~ae;. 'Ioiroe; aU'ta slvm 't Epa KaKOYEvv~~a'ta 'tOU ucr'ta~u'tll'too tKcpaOA.1cr~ou 'tfje; \jIOXl -e; srofje; ~ae;' cr'tle; uppmcrnEe; 'trov 1ta101rov cpavEpmvov'ta1 't' a~ap't~~a'ta 'trov yov1roV» (cr. 271). Of «a~lap'tiEe; YOVEroV»OE crlWaivoov toro aA.A.o rtnore, 1tapa uovo O"cl of yovwi ava~iX'tllKav ~E cpoAEnKa ~EVO nluu, EL01Ka ~' Ej3paitKo 011A.ao~, Kai po~911crav E'tcrt "CllVEj3paitKll (<1taYK6cr~ta 1taVOUKAa» va eicrOUcrE1~Ecra cr'to «ayv(») apto uIuo, E{VUl U~LOonpstorro, 1t6cro crsvd OE~EVll l1'tav aU'tTJ it 9Eropia 'tfje; 011All'tllpiacrlle; ~E 'tTJV1tOAtnKl] 9Ecrll 'tfje; 011All'tllpiacrlle; 'tfje; YEp~avocruvlle; U1tO rov «1taYK6cr~lO 'Iououto Kcpoxo Mup];». L'tTJV aAoYl1 crcpaipa 'tfje; crOCP1h.100cpoj3iae; j3picrKE'ta1 ~1a U1tO 'tie; xpcrctorspe; 1tl1YEe; 'tfje; 1t0A.1nKfje; Kocr~09Eropiae; Kai 'tOD UV"Clcrll~1't1cr~ou 'trov t9v1KocrocrtaA1cr'trov. LOVE1troe;, it xaOae6rrrr:a 'tfje; cp0A.fje;, 011AaOTJ it xa()ae6rrJra rov aluaioc", l1'tav svae; u\jIl1AOe; cr't6xoe;
1. or «Tuuic» 'tou Aovdivou sypucpuv ortc 23 AOYOU(HOU 1933 : «'0 Y10e; KUt " KOP11 'tou aJ.lePIKUVOU rcpec:r(3wrft (3pic:rKOV'tUV aVaJ.lec:ru c:r' uAAoue; 1;eVOUe; c:r'tit NupeJ.l(3epY11 'tTl'll KUPIUK1l 13 Aoyouc:r'tou xnl elouv, rcwe; OlarcoJ.lrceUrT]Ke c:rtOue; op6J.loue; EVU xoptror -e KecpuAl rou T)'tuv 1;uplc:rJ.levO - youAi KUt crlc KOJ.lJ.l&Vee; 1tAe1;ouoee; rou T)'tuv c:rtepeOlJ.leV11 J.lla £mypucpi]: «.A6911KU c:r' EVUV ·E(3pulo» . .AuiCPOPOI liAAOl 1;EVOI T)'tuv £rcic:r11e;uutorc'tee; J.lapwpee; uu'tOU 'tou «geaJ.lu't0e;». 'Yrcupxouv c:rxeoov mrvrore 1;EVOI 'toupic:r'tee; c:r'tTt NUpeJ.l(3EPY11 KUt i) «£rcioel1;11» EYlVe J.l£ 'tE't010V tpono, roc:r'te 1tOAU AiYOl i'j'tuv £Kelvol, 1tOO c:r'to KEV'tPO 'tfte; 1tOA11e;xac:ruve 't1lV «euKUlpiu» va OOUv 'to KOpi'tc:rl. 'A1tO 'tie; 1teplypucpee; J.leplKWV 1;EVOlV,'to xoptrot T)'tuv A1YVO, eil9puuoro KUt 1tup'llAO 'to 1;UPlc:rJ.lEVOKecpuAl KUt 'tit'll £Aeewi] rou Ku'tac:r'tuc:r11, £1;ulpe'tlKa OJ.lOPcpo· 'to 1tEPUc:rUVJ.l1tpOe; a1tO 'til c:relpa 'ta 0le9vft 1;evoooxeiu 'tou c:rI011POOPOJ.lIKOU c:r'tu9J.lou Kul J.lEc:rUa1tO 'toue; KeV'tpIKOUe; op6J.loue;, 1tOU

1tODa~1sE va 'tOY Kovlly~crE1 KavEie; Kat va rov 1tE'tUXE1~E OAa 'ta ~Ecra. '0 XhAEP 't6V1SE croXVa-1tOKVU, on OEV e1tpE1tE va 1tAllcrtUSE1 Kaveie; 'Cie;~UsEe; ~' E1t1XE1p~~a'ta, U1t00ei~E1e; Kat ~6pcprocrl1, uAM uovo ~E 'ta aicr9~~a'Ca Kat 'tTJV1ticr'tll. L'tTJ YAmcrcra 'trov t9VtKOcrocrtaA.1cr'trov, A.6yoo XUPl1 crov KUOSEPA1YK,crov P6SEV~1tEPYK, rov Nrpsk, rov L'CU1tEA. A1t., ~ae; tV't01trocr1USE1 roco 1tOA.D it K 90Aoupa K1 6 ~ocr"ClK1cr~6e;,rocr'tE U~iSE1 ucrcpaAroe; 'tOV K61t0 v' uvaMcroo~E aU'tl] 'tTJV iOlO't01tia roix. Ti, A.011t6v, Kpu/3E'ta1 1ticrro U1tO 'Co ~ocrnK1cr~0 'Crov cpacrtcr'trov, 1tOD yo~'tE'l'E roco 1toM 'Cie; ~UsEe;; TTJv u1tav'tllcrll ~ae; 'tTJ OiVE1 it UVUA.ocrl1'trov «u1toOEi~EroV» Y1a 'Cl]V tcrXD 'tfje; cpacrtcrnKfje; CPOAE"ClKfje; 9Eropiae;, 1tOD 1tpo/3aAA.E1 6 P6SEV~1tEPYK cro /31/3A.io'Coo '0 p,v()or;rov 200v oldwa. rpUcpE1 EMue; t~ upxfje;: «Ol OC~L€C;TIjc; CPUAe:'rLX~<; ~ux7je;, 7tOU ~p£c:rxOV't"IXL c:rocv XLV'Y)TIJPL€C;
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evav {O"'toptoypUCPO 'to\) 4000 va 1teptypUcpet 'ti<; aCPPOOtO"taO"'tUCE<; ytoP'tE<; 'to\) 200\) airova O"av axaA.ivco'tll e1ttJ.let~ia 'tlOv rePJ.lavlOv J.lE 'tou<; Neypou<; Kai 'tou<; °E13paioll<,; «KUge AOyfj<; Kai Kuge cpuAfj<; I». Ka'taAa13aivOuJ.le 1tOAU KaM., 'ti vonuc eXet eolO it tOEa 'tfj<; cpUAe'ttKfj<; e1ttJ.let~ia<;. Elvrn it (11tOKPOUO"ll'to\) OtoVllO"taO"J.lOD,1tOU Kt aO'tl1 eXet 't11 pi~a 't1l<; O"'ta OiKOVOJ.ltKa O"llJ.lcpEpov'ta 'tfj<; 1ta'tptapXtKfj<; xowovtc; yta 'to YUJ.lo. rtau'to Kai O"'tO J.lU90 'tOD 'Iucove (, avaYKamtKo<; yUJ.lo<;eJ.lcpavi~e'tat O"av 1tp01t\JPYto svcvrtov 'too s'tatptO"J.lou. Of «e'tarpe<;» slvct yuvarKe<;, 1tOU OEV \)1tOKU1t'tOUV1tta oro ~uyo 'tOU avaYKaO"'tlKo\) yUJ.lou Kai ~ll'to\)v va e1tt13uAouv 'tl1V a~icoO"it 'tou<; yta J.ltaV aO'tovoJ.lll yeVe'tllO"ta ~COll. <R a~{coO"ll aO'tl1 oJ.lco<; EPXe'tat O"EcrUYKPOUO"llJ.lE 'tl1V ava'tpocpl1 'tfj<; 1tatOtKfj<; it AtKia<;, 1tOU eXet KUVet 'tOY opyavtO"J.lo avacppoot'to. Turoro, it s'taipa piXve'tat O"'tl1V 1tepmE'teta, yta va ~ecpUYEt 't1l CPtAOJ.lOcpUAia't1l<;, ft ~et 'tapaYJ.lEVll xni OtxaO"J.lEVll Kai 'ti<; OUO J.lOpcpE<;'tOU epco'ta, 't11 cptAOJ.lOCPUAll nl 't11 cptAe'tatpOcpuAll. x To aV'tiO"'totXO 'to\) hatptO"J.lo\) elvai it 6J.lOCPUAocptAia'trov av'tplOv, 1tOU e~at'tia<; 'tOD avaYKaO"'tlKOU eyyaJ.lOu 13iou Ka'tacpeUYOUV mi<; harpe<; Kai O"'ta ayopta 1tpoO"1ta9rov'tu<; v' a1tOKU'tUO"'tllO"OUv EKel 'tOY CPUO"tKO 'tOU<; acppOOtO"tUO"J.lO.OR yeVe'tllO"tU OOJ.ll1 'trov cpuO"tO"'tlOv,1tOU e1ttKpo'tO\)V 'tl1V 1ttO UKUJ.l1t'tll 1ta'tpoKpu'tiu Kui J.leO"u O"'tOV OiKOYeVetaKO 'tOU<; 13io avu~co1tUprovouv 1tpuyJ.lU'tt 'tl1V acppooiO"tu ~COl1'tfj<; E1tOXfj<;'to\) IIM.'tcovu, 0llAU0l1 'tl1V «KU9upo't1l'tU» O"'tl1ViOBOAOyiu Kui 'to KOJ.lJ.lU'ttUO"J.la ui 't11 VOO"llPOK 'tll'tU O"'tl1V 1tPUYJ.lU'ttKl1 EpCO'tlKl1 ~COll, eXet yta 1tPO'tU1tO 't1l<; 'to yeVe'tllO"to O"UO"'tllJ.lU'to\) 1tAU'tCOVtKO\)uirovu. <0 P6Ce'll!J:Jteeyx xni 6 Mn).:V8e avuyvropi~ouv 'tl1V 1tOAt'teiu J.lOVO O"av aV'tptK1l 1tOAt'teiu 1tUVCOO"EcptAOJ.lOCPUAll13UO"ll.To 1tOAU nsptspyo elver, 1tlO<; a1t' uO'tl1 'tl1V iOBOAOyiu OtuJ.lOpcprove'tut it gecop{u 'tfj<; a1tu~iu<; 'tfj<; 0llJ.l0Kpu'tiu<;. °0 IIu9uyopu<; a1toppi1t'te'tUt, E1tet01l KllPUXVet 'tl1V iO"o'tll'tu OACOV'trov aV9promov Kui 1tUpOUO"tU~e'tut cdv «1tpoCPll'tll<; 'tfj<; 01lJ.lOKPU'ttKfj<; YllyeVeta<;, 'tfj<; KOtVOK'tllJ.l0O"UVll<;'tlOv ayu9lOv Kui 'tlOv yovutKlOw. <R O"'teVl1 O"UVOeO"ll'tfj<; 138

KOtVOK'tTJIlOO"UVTJ<; «'trov uyu9lOv» xat «'trov YUVatKroW 1tUi~et xsvrpuco POAO o-rov aV'tte1tUVUO"'tU'ttKO ayrovu. <0 EKOllJ.lOKPU'ttO"Il0e; 'tfj<; Prollui:Kfj<; 1tU'tptKtOKPU'tiu<; - 1tOU &<; 'tOY 50 uirovu OtUAeye rpinxomoo; yePOUO"taO"'tE<; a1to 'ti<; 'tptUKOO"te<; oixovsveie; 'tlOv eOyevrov - a1toOioe'tut O"'to YeyOVO<;, O'tl a1to 'tOY 50 uirovu KUt 1tepu E1tt'tPU1tllKUV of uucroi YUJ.lOt 1tu'tptKicov KUt 1tAll13eicov, 1tpuYllu 1tOU O"llJ.lUtVe 't1l «cpUAe'ttKl11tUpUKJ.lll». VE'tO"t o EKOllIl0KPU'tl0"J.lo<; svo<; 1tOAt'tlKOD O"uO"'tllJ.lu'to<; IlEO"co J.ltK'troV YUllcov KU'tUYYEAAe'tUt ro<; onrvousvo 1tUPUKJ.lfj<;'tfj<; CPUAfj<;.L'tO O"TJlleto uO'to cpUVeprove'tUt OACOO"OtOAOU aV'tlopuO"'tlKO<; XUpU0 K'tTtPU<;'tfje; cpuAenKfi<; geropiae;. Ttut i Ecpe~fj<; ol EpCO'ttKE<; "xeO"et<; p lle'tU~U <EAAllVCOVft Peuokov a1to OtUCPOpe'ttKa KOtVCOVtKa arewuata geropODV'tUt OAE9pte<; cpUAe'ttKE<; S1ttJ.let~ie<;. TO. W3A'Yjrill'll
xara13v'IIaauvfle'llw'II n1.~ew'll e~oflotd)'jlo'llral f-le rov!; &AM!pVAOV!;.

Illoco AOtno'll dno r",'11 Mea rif!; entfl8t~ta!; fle ~e'll8!; !pVAe!;x(!6perat .f} l13ea rij!; y8'lle7:1;ma!; avvovaku; fle fli},'Yj rill'll xara13v1Iaauvfle'IIW'II rMew'II, KUt 1tlO"ro a1t' uO't1)v 1tUAt EVEPYEl it 1tOAt'tlK1) aV'ti-

LE UAAO onusto 0 P6~eVIl1tepYK xupuK'tllpi~Et 'to epyu'ttKo KivllJ.lU O"av 't1)v (((1'll8eX6fl8'11'Y) a'llOewnl'll'Y) aaq;aA7:0 rill'll fleyaAon6A8w'II flaC;' fl' DAa r' anoeeff-lflara rov aata7:taflOv)) (Mu90e;, 0". 66).

opuO"ll J.lE 't1)v 'tuO"ll 't1l<; va tnj1cOVEtyupco 't1l<; uOO"'tllpa OtUxroptO"ttKa O"UVopu - 1tPUYIlU 1tOU 'tfj<; elvat ~lEV OUVU1'O a1tO 'tl1V 01KOVOlllKl1 1tAWPU, aAAa 1tOU, a1tO 'tl1V 1tAEUpa 'til<; YEVE'tTtO"ta<; OtKOV0J.liu<;, OEV I.l1tOPEl va 'to 1tE'tUXet Ilf: rov neptoptouo 'tfj<; YEVE'tTtO"tU<; OPJ.lfje; 'trov YUVutKroV 'til<; um:tKil<; 'tU~ll<;. <R acppOotO"taK11 E1tlJ.lEl~iu 'trov 'tU~ECOV, J.lroe;,KAOvil,;et O"UVUIlU'ta KEV'tPtKa O O"'tllpiYIlU'tU 'til<; 'tUSlKil<; KuptapXiu<; Kui ~lllVUEt 't1l OUVU'tO'tll'tU EVO<; «EKOll~lOKpU'tl0"1l0D», 01lAU01l 'to YEVE'tllO"LO «EK1tPOAEtapurouo» 'tfj<; «aptO"'tOKPU'ttKfj<;» VBOAUiu<;. Tturi 'to. KU'tcO'tEPU KOlVCOVlKa O"'tPcOIlU'tUO"EKu9E KOtVCOVtKOcrUO"'tllJ.lU0llIlLOUPYODV aCPPOOtO"tUKEe;1tUPUO"'tUO"Et<; KUt 1l0PCPE<;~rofj<;, 1tOU slvut 9uvuO"tJ.lUe1tlKiVOUVE<;yta 'tOue; Kupiupxoue; Ku9E ui'nuPXtKOU O"UO"'tTtIIU'tO<;I.
1. npf3. 'ti]v ulto'tiIlTJ<Hl 'tfj~ «uK6.9ap'tTJ<;;Kucr'ta<;;», 'toil<;;«ltapie<;;», cr'ti]v ivIilKi] lta'tplapXlKi] xorvrovtc.

139

~Av, A.omov, 1tiO'oo a1to 'ti]v t8eu 'tfl<; cpuA.snKfl<; smIlSt~iu<; qxoA.tcit,;st 'tSA.tKll iJ t8eu 'tfj<; smIlSt~iu<; IlSA.li)v 'tfl<; KupiuPXll<; 'tci~l1<; IlE lleA.ll 'tfj<; KUptUPXOUIlSVll<;, rors eXOUIlS OA.ocpcivspu s8li) 'to KA.st8i, yta va ~poullS 1tOtO pOA.O 1tuit,;st iJ Ku'tu1tisO'l1 'tfj<; YSVS'tTJO'ta<; oPllfj<; O''ti]v 'tU~tKTJ xoivorvtc. M1t0POUIlS va 8taKpivoUlls s8li) 8tcicpops<; A.st'toupyis<; KUt 8Ev 1tPS1tSt IlE KUVSVU rposo vd VOlliO'oUIlS, on (mcipxst Ilta Il11XUVtKi] 8tcip9pOOO'l1 'tfj<; ysvs'tf]O'ta<; KU'tu1tisO'l1<; avciA.oYll IlE 'tTJV otxovouucn SKIlS'tciA.A.wO'l1 'tfl<; Ku'tumsO'llsvll<; 'tci~l1<;. Oi O'XEO'St<; 'tfj<; acpp08tO'taKfl<; KU'tU1tisO'l1<; IlE 'tTJV 'tU~tKTJ xoivoivtc elver 1tOA.D mo 1tOA.U1tA.OKS<;. 'E8li) ea ~EXoopiO'oUIlS 060 1l0VO a1t' UD'tE<; 'tt<; A.St'toupyis<;: Mid KUt 1i KU'tu1tisO'l1 'tfj<; ysvs'tf]O'ta<; oPllfj<; ocpsiA.s'tut apXtKa O''ta O'UIlCPEpoV'tu 'tOU KA.llpOVOlltKOU 8tKuiou KUt 'tOU ycillou, fJ KU'tu1tis0'11 apxit,;st va SCPUPIl6t,;s'tut 1tpli)'tu IlEO'u O''tTJV i8tu 'ti]v apxouO'u 'tci~l1. 'H l't9tKTJ 'tfj<; 1tUp9SVtKfj<; UYVO'tll'tU<; to'XUSt KU'ta 1tpli)'to A.6yo yta 'ta ellA.UKa IlEA.ll 'tfl<; apxouO'u<; 'tci~l1<;, KUt IlciA.tO''tu 1toM UDO''tllPci. "Erot 1l0VO ll1topsi va s~uO'cpuA.tO''tsi fJ 8tu'tf]PllO'l1 'tfj<; nsptouotcc, 1tOD Ksp8iellKs IlE 'tTJV SKIlS'tciA.A.WO'l1 'tli)v KU'tW'tSPOOv O''tPOOllci'toov. L'tOV 1tPWtIlO KSCPUA.UtoKpunO'Il0 KUt O''tOD<; IlsyciA.ou<; aO'tanKoD<; cpsou8uA.tKoD<; 1toA.tnO'llou<;, 1i apxouO'u 'tci~l1 8Ev sv8tucpEps'tUt a~6ft'fJ yta 'tTJV KU'tu1tisO'l1 'tOU acpp08tO'taO'IloU 'tli)v tm60ouA.oov O''tPOOllci'toov. "Ornv, oIlOO<;, oPyuvwvs'tut 'to spyunKO xtvnuc KUt IlE 'tOD<; ayli)vs<; roo Ksp8it,;st 'ta 1tpli)'tu KOtVOOVtK01tOA.tnKa 1tA.SOVSK'tTJllu'tU KUt 'tTJ O'uvUKOA.ou911 ~sA.'tiOOO'l1 'tOU 1tOA.tnO'nKou s1tt1tE80u 'tli)v A.UiKli)V O''tPOOllci'tOOv, rots apXit,;st Kilt 1i acpp08tcrtUKTJ avuxuinO'f] rooc. 'H apxouO'u 'tci~l1 apxi/,;st ma va sv8tacpEps'tUt yta 'tTJV «iJetKTJ» 'tli)v s~uv8pu1t08tO'IlEvoov. ~ Apn IlE 'tTJV av080 'tfj<; 6pyuvOOIlEVll<; spyunii<; ~sKtvcist O'uvcillu KUt Ilta aV'ties'tll 8tu8tKuO'iu, 1tOD ouvto-rurut O''tTJV t8soA.oytKTJ s~olloiooO'f] 'tll<; IlE 'tTJV uPxouO'u 'tci~l1. "OIlOO<; 1i spyunKTJ 'tci~l1 8E Xcivst IlEO'U O''tTJ 8tu8tKuO'iu UD'tTJ 'tt<; acpp08tO'tuKE<; O'Uvf]eStE<; 'tll<;' 'tt<; 8tU'tllpsi 1tA.cit O''tt<; VSOU1tOK'tllIlEVS<; l'tetKtO'nKE<; t8soA.oyis<; - Kt Ul)'tO aKpt~li)<; 811lltoupysi 'tTJV aV'ti<puO'l1, 1tOD 1tSptypci'l'UIlS 1tupu1tcivoo, avcillsO'u O''tTJV avn8puO'nKTJ KUt 'tl't cptA.sA.su9sPll 80IlTJ· 'Io-ropucd 1i 8tallOPCPOOO'l1 'til<; ollu8tKfj<; 'l'uX0A.OytKfj<; ul)'til<; aV'ticpuO'l1<; O'UIl1ti1t'tst IlE 'tTJ JlE'tci-

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140

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1. Xep'tu Xa.WPlX: ' AyxvAoml; l1'tav(!o;, Tel'(!cl<pVllo T(!ttpVAA' "at (!M" (lI&PlOO. Y&V&'tllO"lOAoY(UC;;, 1930, 0". 43). 2. ·01&C;; ot ltUpalt0J.lltec;; UltO 'to Loewenthal, John: '0 0'\.lJ.lf301lo"J.l0C;;toG ' u"{K. O"'tuopoG, (uu't. 1930, 0". 44). «Patio de los Arrayanes», 3. :Ef3ucm.Jdi ( . swastika i'I svastica)· ltUVa.PXUlO otalCOO"J.lll'tl1COO"xeolo, epJ.lllv&o6J.l&vo Y&VllCa otrv T)1lUlCO cn)J.lf3oAo. (:E.'t.M.).

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KUOEitA.tKia~ Kai xorvorvtxfj; 9EOTJ~, Ilii~ EOEt~aV O'tl n:OA.D A.iyOL slvrn EKEtvoL n:OD OEV Ka'tUA.a~av 't1) 0111laoia 'tfj~ o~uo'ttKas' oi n:EptOOO'tEPOt 'tij ucvrsooov upyu i'I YPtlyopa, IlE'tu o.n:o n:POOEX'tlKtln:apa'ttlPTJoTJ. Mn:OpOU!1EA.Ot1tOV 8EX'touIlE, o'tt 'to oUIlvu pol..o uoro, n:OD nupucrulvet 800 crcptX'taYKaA.taO!1EVa KOP!1tU, n:poKaA.Ei ~roTJPO EPE9to!10 crE !1UXta o'tpro!1a'ta 'tOU opyavlO!1ou, xt 6 {;pEOt0!10~ aiJ'tos 8uva.llroVEt, 000 mo o.vEuxapio'tll'to K' spco'ttKU nsrvcousvo slvct 'to u'tO!1o. "Orcv 'to OUIl~OA.OyiVEt Em1tA.EOV sixovc 1tio'tTJ~ Kai 'tllllls, rots uv'ta1toKpivE'tal Kai o'ti~ Kai o.IlUVnKE~ 'tUOElS 'tOU TjOtKOA.0yOU 'Eyro Kai yiVE'tal mo EUKOA.O1tpOOOEK'tO. 0u Tj'tav ollros M90s !1EYUA.O, ~yUA.OUIlEun:' 01..' au'tu 'tU 8E80VU ~IEva 'to oW1tEpaO!1u, O'tl Ou n:PE1tELvu psuccooue 'ttlV En:i8paoll wu oU!1~OA.OU, .1tOKaA.U1t'tOv'ta.sto YEVE'ttlcrto v611!1Urou' 1tprowv, o ' yta'ti OE-9SA.ou!1E Ka9oA.ou VU usuocooue 'ttl YEVE'ttl0ta 1tPU~l1· LlEU'tEPOV,E1tEt8ij !1lU rsrotu Un:6n:EtpU Ila~ 9u 1tpOKaA.OUOEKa'tU xnvovu UPVTJ'ttKESuvn8pUoEts : 'to TjOtKOnpooronsto 9u crUVEPYOUOEytu v' o.1tOKPOUOEt'tis U1tO\jlEls !1as. '0 8po!1os 'tfl~ YEVErnoto-otxovopucfp; \jIUXlKlls UYlElVlls slvm UA.A.Os,

148

149

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OR UlJ"CUPXtlCTJxotvorvtc aVU1tUpuYE'tUt )lEcru cr'tTJ OO)lTJ 'tOD aYEAuioo a'to)loo )If; 'tTJ crovoPO)lTJ 'tfj~ uO'tUPXtKfj~ OtKOYEVEtU~' YUt 'to Myo uO'to i1 1tOAtnKTJ aV'tiopucrT) 1tPE1tEt va 1tpOPUAEt KUt va \)1tEpucr1ticrEt 'tTJv uO'tuPxtKTJ olKoYEvsta crav 9E)lEALO 'tOD «KpU'tOO~ 'tfj~ 1tVSO)l{L'ttKfj~ KUAAt{;PYStU~ xui 'tOD VAtKOD 1tOAt'ttcr)lOU». ea !3psi cr'tT)piY)lu'tu "fta 't.TJV 1tP01tuyuvou 'tT)~ uO'tTJ cr'ti~ PU9tf;~ liA.OYE~ OOVU)lEt~ 'tfj~ O)lUOtKfj~ '!fOxf\~. '0 aV'ttoPUcr'ttKO~ 1tOA.t'ttKO~ Of;V )l1tOPEt, mcr'tocro, v' a1tOKUA.U'!fEt cr'tTJv 1tP01tuyuvou 'too 'ti~ '1tpuY)lU'ttK{;~ 'too 1tP09EcrSt~. Of YEP)lUVtKf;~ )luss~ of; ·i(}a sIxuv ouvcrvscei cr'to cruv9T))lu «KU'tUIC'tT)crT) 'tOD KOcr)lOO». 'R 1tOA.t'ttICTJ1tP01tuyuvou, 1tOU crIC01tEUEt va S1tl]PEUcrEt 'tTJv O)lUOtKTJ '!fOxi} , Of;V acrX0A.El'tut li)lEcru )If; 'ti~ OtKoVO)ltICf;~ otuotKucris~, aAM )If: 'ti~ av9pro1ttVE~ OO)lE~. To OEOO)lEVO uO'to 9a 1tpe1tst va KUOOOT)yi}crEt 'to EPYO 'tfj~ '!fOXtKfj~ UYtEtVfj~, ytu'ti it 1tUpU)lEAT)crf} 'too unopst va 1tPOKUA.ScrEt '!f0X0A.oytKU cr<puA)lu'tu. OR &1tUVUcr'tU'ttKTJ YEVS'ti}crtu 1tOAt'ttKTJ Of;V unopst, A.Ot1tOV, v' a~KEcr'tsi cr'tTJ otu1ticr'twcrT) 'troY aVttKEt)lEVtKroV 9E)lEA.iwv 'tfj~ uO'tUPXtKf\~ oIKoYEVEtU~' (iv 9EA.Et va 1tOPEO'tEi crwcr'ta cr'tTJv ouuotKTJ '!f0X0A.oyiu 'tT)~, 9a 1tPE1tSt va cr'tT)PtX'tEt )lliA.A.oV orov 1t690 'troY av9pro1tO)v yta )lta KUA.(mpT) K' SPW'ttKa sO'tOXtcr)lEVT) swi}. 'A1to 'tTJ crK01tta 'tfj~ KOtVo)VtKfj~ &~EA.t~T)~ it otICOYEVEta Of;V )l1t0psi va 9sO)pT)9Et ~ it pucrT) 'tOD ulnuPXtKoD xpdrooc, aA.A' d1tA.ro~ crav svu~ a1to 'tou~ cr1tOOOUtO'tEPOO~ cr'tOA.OPU'tE~ 9scr)lou~ 'too. ~OYXp6vw~ O)lw~ slvct xui 'to dvrtSpuo-nxo cr1tEP)lU'ttKO Klnrnpo, 6 cr1tOOoatO'tEPO~ 't01tO~ 1tUpuywyfj~ 'tOD aV'ttopucr'ttICOD KUt croV'tT)PT)'ttKOD av9pro1too. ~T))lLOUPYT))lU 6ptcr)lEVWV E~EA.i~EWV, it olKoYEvstU &~EA.icrcrE'tUt xt uO'tTJ Kui yiVE'tat oocrtucr'ttIC6'tU'tO~ 9Ecr)lO~ 'tfj~ crov'ti}pT)crT)~ 'tOD uO'tUPXtKOD crocr'ti})lu'to~, 1tOU 'tTJ yEVVT)crE. M )lli~ &VOtU<pSPEt &oro it icropt« 'tfj~ OiKOYEVEtU<;, aA.A.a 'to E1tiKUtpO KUt cr1tooouio si}'tT))lu 'tfj~ YEVS'ti}crtU~ 1tOA.t'ttICfj~ : 1tro~ 1tPS1tSt va opucrEt KUt 'ti op6)loo~ v' UKOA.oo9i}crSl

'to

it 1tOAt'ttICT] uU'tit, yta uv'tt)ls'tw1ticrst U1to'tsAscr)lu'ttKa 'tT]V av'ttOPUcr'ttKTJ ysvs'ti}crta KUl. 1tOAt'ttcr'ttKTt 1tOA.t'ttKi}, 1tOU 'to1toOs'tsi )If; rocn Bltt'tOXiu cr'tO KEV'tPO 'tT)~ 'to ~i}n1Jlu 'tfj~ oIKoYEvstU~; , AvuyICT) 1tucru, A.Ot1tOV, va &1;s'tucroo)l& 'tt~ pucrEt~ KUt 'ti~ &1tEVEPyEtE~ 'tfj~ uU'tUPXtKfj~ oIKoyevEta~, rooo )lliA.Aov, 1tOD cr' &1tOXf:~ &1tUVUO"'tU'ttKfj~ KpicrT)~ j3ucrtA.ElJSt )lsyuAT) acru<psta yupw an' uU'to 'to Si}'tT))lu. 'R uU'tuPxtKTJ otxovsvetc BVSXSt )ltaV av'ti<pucrT), 1tOU it &1;uICpipwcri} 'tT)~ EtVUt a1tupui'tT)'tT), (iv OEA.OO)lE va 'tEAEcr<popi}crSt it YEVS'tT)crto-OtKOVO)ltKTJ 6)luotKTJ uytEtVi}. rta va otu'tT)PT)OSt 6 uU'tUPXtKO~ Oscr)lO~ 'tf\~ OtKOySVStU~, Of:V aplCEt it otKOVO)ltKTJ E~Up'tT)crT) 'tfj~ "fOVUiKU~ KUt 'troY 1tUtotrov a1tO 'tOY liv'tpu KUt 1tU'tEpU. XPStUss'tUt va slvca U1to<psP'tT] cr'tOu~ KU'tU1ttEcr)lEVOO~ uU'tTt it e~up'tllcrT) - xt uu'to )l1topEi va &1tt'tsoX9s! uovo, (iv &~uA.st<p9si, ocro 1ttO PtStKa "fivs'tat, cr'ti~ yOVU!ICS~ Kui cr'ta 1tatota it crovsioT)crT), o'tt dvut OV'tU 1tpOtKtcr)lEVU )If: <pUA.O Kui 6p)lf;~ "fsvs'ti}crts~. Llev 87U'teene'tat ~ yvval"a va naeOv(fta(;e'tat O'av nAaO'p,a ()1]Av,,6, cUAa p,6vo O'av nau5o't6"o~. 'R B~toUvtxsocn 'tfj~ )IT)'tP6'tT)'tu~, 6 BKOStacr)lO~ 'tT)~, 1tOD cr'tTJV 1tpuy)lu'ttK6'tT)'tu j3picrKOV'tat crf; X't01tT)'tTJ UVtiescrT) )lE 'tT] j3upj3upT) ueroxdptcrT) 'troY )IT)'tspwv 'tOD &PYUS0)lEVOO AuoD, XPT)crt)l&UOOV oUcrtUcr'ttKa cra usou, yta va &)l1tooicroov 'tTJ YOVUiKU va covstonronotnest 'to <pUA.O 't'l]~ ICui v' u1to'ttvu1;st 'tT]V &1ttj3sj3A'l])lEV'l] YSVE'ti}crtU a1tro9'l]cr'l], yta va )IT]V 'tTJV u<pi}croov va ~E1tSpucrEt 'to a<PPOOtcrtUKO liyxo~ Kui 'to YSVE'ti}crtO utcr9'l])lU BVOXf\~. <H yvvolxa O'a ()fjAv, "at p,aAtO''ta p,e 't-Yj ()1]Av,,6't1]'ta 't1]~{3e{3aunp,8v1] "aI, "OtVWVt"a avayvWetO'p,ev1], ()a O'1}p,atVe't-Yjv"a'taeeeVO'1] O'vvo-

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'H croVt'l]P'l]'ttKT] )ls'tuppu9)ltcr'l] or' u<PPOO1.crtU OS)lu'tu vci )If;V SIXE pi1;Et 'to cruv9'l])lu «it YOVUiKU EXEt 'to otKuiw)lu 'tOD crro)lu'to~ 't'l]~», aA.A.' EKUVE 1t!lv'to'tS 'to Au90~, va )lTJv npoofitopicat UKptj3ro~ UU'tO 'to otKuiw)lu. ~f;V sI1ts 1t0'tf; P'l]'ta xt u1tEpi<ppucr'tu o'tt i} YOVUiKU EtVUt Bv )If; <pUA.OKUt )If; opE1;st~ u<ppOOicrtE~, oihs 'tTJV U1tEpucr1ticr't'l]KE cr' uU'ti} 't'l]~ 'tT]V ioto't'l]'tu, ocro 'tOOA.UXtcr'tov o-ro p6A.0 't'l]~ m~ )l'l]'tEpU~. 'E1tt1tA.Eov, it croV't'l]PT)'ttKT] )ls'tuppu9)ltcrl] EtXE cr't'l]pi~Et 'tT]V u<ppooicrta 1tOA.t'ttKi} 't'l]~ KopiO)~ cr'tT]

150

151

Aet'toupyia 'tf'je;; ava1tapayc.oyf'je;;, aV'ti va Ka'tapYilaet 'tTtv av'ttopaa'ttKTt t~oJloic.oal1 'ti'jc;; acppOOtataKi'jC;; 6pJli'je;; JlE 'tT)V ava1tapayc.oYil· "Erot Mv Ka'tOpSc.oae 1tO'tE v· aV'ttJle'tc.o1tiaet aSevapa. 'to ~lUa'tt'ti'je;; aO'taPxtKf'je;; oiKoyeVetae;; slvm il ioeoAoyia 'tf'jc;; «eoAo'Y1lJlEVl1e;; 1tOAU'teKVl1e;; OiKoYEVetaC;;», OXt JlOVO S1tet0Tt s~u1tl1pe'tei 'ta. aUJlcpEpov'ta 'to\) 1toAeJloXapou aO'tOlcpa'tOptouob, aAM xopiox; 'Yta. evav aAAo oixncorncorepo AOYO: yta va tmC1XtaC1et Tijv dcpeO&C1taxij Aet-coveyla -cijr; yovalwu; yta xde'rJ TOV avanaeaywrtXOV -C'Y}r;e6AOV. 'H av'tt1tapuSeal1 «Jll1'tEpac;;» Kat «nopvnc», 01tc.oe;; t.X. a'ta. ypa1t'ta. 'tou cptAoaocpou 1 Bmvtvyxsp, aV'ta1toKpive'tat a'tT) Sec.opia, o'tt it aapKtKT) itoovit Kai it ava1tapaY<.O'YT) slvct ouo av'tiJlaxa 1tpuYJla'ta •• H yeVlm7C1ta oovovola yta xa(!'Y} -cijr; f]~ovijr; 01to~t~u~et 'tiJ yuvaiKa aa. Jll1'tEpa, Kat «nopvn» slvrn yta. 'tOY avnopaanKO, 01tOta xaipe'tat 'tT) oupKtKT) itOOVTt Kai ~ei cptAiloovo ~io. 'H Sec.opia, on it yeve'tilata 6pJlT) elvrn ftStKT) JlOVO o'tav e1;u1t11pe'tei 'tT)V ava1tapayc.oyil, Kai 1tEP' a1to 'tT)v ava1tapayc.oyT) of;v 01tUPXet 'ti1tore orov epc.o'ta, elver 'to xoptorspo xapaK't11pto-nxo 'tf'je;; av'ttopaa'ttKf'je;; acppooiatae;; 1tOAt'ttKf'jC;;. Kui OEV elver Atyo'tepo avnOpaanKT) it Sec.opia roorq, o'tav 'tT)v 1tpea~EUouv ot KOJlJloUVta'tee;;, 01tc.oe;; 1t.x. 6 EaAxtv-c Kat 6 E-coAtaeWqJ. '0 CPtAo1toAeJlOC;;aO'toKpa'toptaJloc;; a1tat'tet a1to 'tT) yuvaiKa, vd JlTtV s1tavaa'ta'tilaet yta. 'tT) Aet'toupyia, 1tOD 'tf'jc;; exet sm~A11Sei, 0l1AaoiJ vd JliJv elvrn rtnors aAAo, 1tapa. Jlta. 1tatOO1tOt11nKT) Jl11xavil. Me aAAa AOyta: ij Aet-coveyla -cijr; yeve-c?7C1tar;&n6).avC1'Y}r; ~ev bu-cebre-cat va naeevoxA-r}C1et -cij Aet-cov(!yla -cfir; avanaeaywyijr;. 'E1;uAAou, Jlta. yuvaiKa JlE auveiol1al1 'to\) cpuAou 't11e;;Kat 'tf'je;; spc.onKf'je;; smSuJliae;; 't11e;;,of; Sa. oexo'tav 1tO'tE v' aKoAouSilaet 't' avnopaanKa. cruvSillla'ta, 1tOD a1tOaK01tO\)V 'tT)V 01t000uAc.oail 't11C;;.'H aV'tigea11 au'tT) 'tf'je;; Spc.o'ttKf'jC;; a1tOAaUa11C;;Kat 'tf'je;; ava1tapayc.oyf'je;; iaxuet JlOVO yta. 'tTtV au'tapxtKTt xowoivto, axt yta. 'tTtV sPYOOl1JlOKpanKil' soro 'to ~il'tl1Jla elver, KU'tc.o a1to 1totec;; Kotvc.oVtKec;; auvSi'jKec;; Sa. 1tpe1tet va. yevvuv ol yuvaiKec;;: KU'tc.o a1to eOVOtKec;; cruv9f'jKee;; KOtvc.oVtKf'jC;; JlsptJlvac;;, tl cruv9f'jKec;;, 1tOD OEV 1tapexouv xcvsvoc erooue;; npooruotc a'tT) Sl1M~ouaa Jll1'tspa

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162

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i\

ot Ev'te'taAJ,lEVot roo Ilxouv

otaJ,lap'tupT}90uvO"tte;

Kpa'ttK&e; o:px&e; 'YLa 'CIlXOV 0:'ta0'9aA.iee; O''tTJ9pT}O'Keu-

nKTt oT}jlocrta ~OOTJ 'tillv Ka90AtKillv J,la9T}'tillv lCai 'tov t7tt~iJjltO i\ o:vapJ,lDO''to(!) E7tT}peaO'jlo roue, Kat vel ~T}'tilO'ouv 0:7t0 Tie; KpanlCEe; o1tT]peO'iee; gepa1teia 'tou KaKol'l. :EUJ,lcprova jlE 1tpoO'eKTtKOUe; U7tOAO'YtO'jlOue;, 'to KOVKOPon'tO Eyyuil9T}lCe O''tTJv

166

167

To Ioropuco cr'tOtXeio, 'ta 06YIlU'tu, Ileptlca uno 'ta mo 1teptllaX11'tu lip9pu «nicr'tero~» xavoov 'tiJ cr11llucriu rooc, o'tuv ne't6xet Kuvet~ v' uvnKu'tucr'ttjcret 'tiJ Aet'toopyiu rou; Ilf: Kan UAAO sl;icroo opucrnKo. '0 E9vtKocromUAtcrll0~ 9EAet xt U\)1:0~ va Otu't11piJcret 'to «Bpnoxeunxo ~irolla», yta'tt U\)1:0Ilovaxu rov EVOtU<pEpet' 9EAet uovo va 'to gelleAtcocret ota<popenKU. Tt eIVUt U\)1:0 'to «UEVUO~irolla»;

2. '0 a.yIDva~ Evavdov

tOD '(<7tOAltlO'tlKOD

,UtOAO'EP1K10'P.Oi'J»

To S9VtKtcrnKo KUt 'to otxovsvetoxo crovuicr911IlU slvoi cr'teva ouvoocousvo 11' evu Kanro~ uouvro, Aiyo-nOAD 1l0crnKtcrnKo 9p11O"Keo'ttKo uicr911IlU. 'R <ptAOAOyiu y6pro an' U\)1:0 'to 9EIlU eIVUt unEpuv't11. 'A1tOKAeie'tUt naV'!ro~ -npo~ 'to nupov -Ilta UKao11llu'(KiJ Aen'tollepetaKiJ KptnKiJ uU'tou 'tou 'tOIlEU. Suvuyupit;,oOJ.1e, omov, cr'to K6plO npo~A11lla Ilu~ : 'Eoocov 6 <pumcrllo~ A cr't11pit;,e'tut Ilf: 'tocr11 snt'toxiu cr'tiJ llucrnKtcrnKiJ crKE'I'l1 oro 110, o-nxtcruco uicr911IlU 'troY Ilut;,rov, 6 uyrovu~ svuv'tiov 'too rore uovo 9a eIVUt uno'teAecrllunKo~, o'tuv KU'tuAa~oolle' 'to uuo-nxicr!lo KUt KU'tunoAelliJcroolle iU'tptKa KUt SKnUtOeUnKa 'tiJ uoo-nKtcr'ttKiJ ota~procr11 'troY Ilut;,rov. l1f:v upKei, on rcpoodeuet i) Entcr't111l0vtKTJ Kocrll0geropiu, yta'ti i) npoo06~ 't11~eIVUt rooo apYiJ, rocr'te va !liJv unopst va npoM~et ma 'tiJ 1l0crnKtcrnKiJ ota~procr11. L' uU'to <p'tuiet 'to yeyovo~, on Of:V ~xoolle Ku'tuM~et KUAa 'to uocrucicuo. 'R smcrt111l0VtKiJ Ota<Proncr11'trov Ilut;,rov EVOta<pEPKu90A.lKTt ~KKA.Tlcriu "Cf'\~Buuupiu~ a!;iE~, OTlA.UOTJ OPTlyiE~ cre psooro xpf'\J,lU, X 1C'tTlJ,lU"ClKe~a!;ie~, <popOu1tuA.A.aye~ tOlOK'tTlcriu~ KUt ~1tuyyeA.J,lu"Co~ KA.1t., ihvou~ evo~ olcreKu"COJ,lJ,lupioo f,lapKrov To (3UUUPlKO Kpa'to~ 1tA.i]procre cr'tllV Ku9oA.lK1l ~KKA.Tlcriu cr'ta 1916 13 eKu"COJ.lJ.lUPlU J.lapKU, cr'ta 1929, 28.468.400 J,lapKU, cr'ta 1931, 26.050.250 J,lUPKU.

011Ke Kopiro~, v' UnOKUAU'I'et 'ta KUKooPyiJIlU'tU 'trov apxov'trov Kui tl1tUAAiJAroV 'tfj~ EKKA11criue;, paYllu, nOD li<pllcre aota<pope~ n 'tie; lleyaAee; Ilat;,ee;. 'R Emcr't111l0VtKiJ Ota<Proncr11 unw90vo'tuv uovo cr'tiJ v011cr11'trov Ilut;,&v, axt ollroe; cr'to uicr911lla roix. "Oruv ollroe; evue; liv9pronoe; uicr9ave'tUt 1l0crnKtcr'ttKa, rots 'tOY u<piJvet 'teAeiro~ 'l'0XPO xni 'to mo EV'texvo UKoll11l;ellucrKapellu KO.nOlOU EKKA11crtucrnKou Ileytcr'tavu' Kui i) mo Ellneptcr'tu't(J}IlEV11unoOetl;l1 'tfj~ OtKOVOlltKfje;tl1tocr'tiJPtl;l1e;, nOD nupExet 'to Kpa'tOe; cr'tiJv EKKA11criuIlf: 'ta XPiJIlU'tU 'tOu Epya't11, 'tOD KaVet 'tocr11 Ain EV't6nrocr11,ocro Kui i) icr'tOPtKTJuvaAocr11 'tfje; 9P11crKeiue;uno rov Mapl; xni rov vEvYKeAe;. Td dgeicrnKa KtviJllu'tu Soxipuouv xt uU'td ~E~UtU va Ile'tuxetptcrobv croVUtcr911IlUnKa KiV11'!PU,onroe; oeixvoov of YlOp'tf:e; 'tfj~ VEOAUiue;,nOD opyavrovuv of sA:>6gepOl OtuV011'tEe;. lup' OA' uuI 'ta, of xptcrnUVtKf:e; Evrocrete; VEroVcrOYKEV'tProvuv30 <poPf:~ rtsptooorspu IlEA11uno 'tie; vEOAuiee; 'tOU xouuouvicrucoe KOIlIlU'tOe; xrri 'tile; cromuAo11lloKpu'tiue;. Ilsptnou 1 1)2 EKu't01l1l6pw xpto ncvot VEOl aV'tLnupu'tacrcrov'tuv cr'ta 1930-32 crs nspinou 50.000 KOIlIlOOVtcr'tEe;, 0.000 cromuA0111l0Kpa'tee; xni 40.000 S9VtKocro6 crtaAtcr'tf:e; ouuqxovu IlS 'ta cr'tOlXeiu nOD Sivouv of fotot. '0 1tUpUKa't(J} Aen'tollepetaKoe; Ku'taAoyoe; elvct nUPIlEVOe; uno 'tiJv «Ifpoxerupuncn sAe6gep11 <proviJ» 'tOU ' AnptAioo 1932: 'H xIX6oALX~ gvwcrYj v€:wv re:p!LIXVLIXC; • • • • • . • •• 386.879 '0 Xe:v-rPLXOC; cruvae:cr!LOC; xIX60ALX(;'W evwcre:wv Ve:IXVLaWV re:p!LIXVLIXC; ••..•••.•••.••••.••••• 800.000 '0 cruvae:cr!Lo~ XIX60ALX&V evwcre:wv &Y!X!Lwv • . . • • • . 93.000 '0 cruvoe:cr!L0C; XIXVOI\LXWV YUVIXLXe:LWV 0pYIXVWcre:WV vco' '" 0., ", AIXLIX~ l1u't'. re:p!LIXVLIXC; •••••••••••••••• 25.000
'0 cruvae:cr!LOC; XIX60ALX&V
«NEIX re:p!LIXVLIX» !L1X6'tl't'&v &vw't'spwv crXOA&V • • • • . • • . • • • • • ••••• ~L~ALOcrUM6ywv BlXulXpLIXc; •• xopL't'(n&v

'0

cruvae:cr!LOC; xIX60ALX&V

15.000 35.000 8.000 10.000

O{ i>1tTlPEcriE~ "Cf'\~~KKA.Tlcriu~ 1tpO~ 'to Kpa'to~ 9d 1tpe1tEl 1tpo<puv{b~ va eIVUl 1tOA.U1tpocrOoO(p6PE~ 'H cr6vulIfTl "Coij KOVKOPOU'tOU J,lE'tU!;i> "Coij rEpJ,lUVlKOU PalX Kut "Coij BU'tlKUVOij cr"Cd 1933 os 0TlJ,llOUPYTlcrEKuvevo~ ErOOU~ veE~ crxecrel~, anocpucrtcr'tlK&~ ytd "CTJV6J,lUOlKTJ IlfUXOA.oyiu, J,lE'tU!;i> ~KKA.Tlcriu~ KUt Kpa"Cou~. O{ tOlro"ClK&~a.elK"CE~.

KIX60ALXOC; cruvae:cr!LOC; Ve:OAIXLIXC; pYIX~6!Le:vwv e re:p !LIXVLIX

• ~• • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • •

"", '" e , ()., ..:..Uvoe:O'!L0C; e:P!LIXVLXWV e:vwO'e:wv IXe:P0t-'IXO'e:WV • • • • • • y

otxovouncsc

A.el"CoupyiE~ 'tf'\~ ~KKA.Tlcr{U~ EJ.lEWUV

',0 , (0L IXPLv!L0L

O'!Lwv

", , l' 'K' lX't'IXAOyo ~UVaEIXU't'OL 7tpoe:PXOV't'IXL lX7to -ro !LLXpO Ne:OAIXLCXC;, 1931).

168

169

!:1J{Loccr~oc ~x.eL law lJ XOLVCUVLX1)cruv6eCf'YJ. '0 XOC60ALXO~ cruvaecr{Lo~ vscuv rep{Locv~oc~ 1tOCpoucr(oc~e 't'l~ e~1j~ &'vOCAoy(ec; : 'Epy(he~ 45,6% XeLpo't'ex.ve~ 21,6% , AypO't'LX1) veoAoc~oc 18,7% "E{L1tOpOL 5,9% !:1tOUaoccr't'€~ 4,8% 'Y1teXAA1JAOL 3,3%

't'p€1t't'LXO x6{L{LIX. TIpo 1teXv't'cuv, O{LCU~, 1tepL{LSvOU{Le, l)'t'L 1) yep{LocVLX1) XU~EPV'YjCf'YJ 6' &'V't'L't'ocXOeL {L€ ocuer-r1Jp6't'oc't'oc (Ls't'poc cr't'ov &.y6>VOC 't'ou xO{L{LouvLcr{LOU e.vocv't'~ov 't'lj~ exxA'Yjcr~oc~ xocl 't'lj~ Op'Yjcrxe~oc~». k'tO BEPOAivo, cr'ta ypucpEiu 'tfje; AOYOKp1criue; «Y1a 'tl1v npooru-

criu 'tfje; veornruc» U1tO 'ta I3proJlEpa KUt xuouiu 0llJlOcrtEUJlU'tU, fj'tuv 't01tOeE'tllJleV01 SK1tp6crro1tOl 8 KueoA1Krov oPYUVrocrEroV. M1a &KKAllcrll 'tou Ksvrpoo NWAUiue; cr'ta 1932 EAEYE'ta s~fje; : ccZ'Yj't'ou{Le &'1t0 't'o xpeX't'O~, va 1tpocpUAeX~eL {L€ OAOC't'a {Lscroc ~ X.PL'"' .l,", ' , , "A cr't'LOCVLX'Yj 1tOI\L't'Lcr't'LX'j XI\'YjpOVO{LLOCOC1tO -ro''I>",O'YjI\'Yj't"YJpLOevoz; !-,pcu{LepOU -rU1tOU xocl f.LLii~ crLx.oc{Lep1j~ cpLAoAOy~OC~, &'1t0 (LLaV epcu't'Lx1) XLV'Yj(Loc't'OypOCCPLX1) 1tOCpocycuy~, 1tOU e~eu't'eA~~e:L ~ VOOe:Ue:L 't'o e.OVLXO cpp6v'Yj{Loc•.. » 'H SKKAllcriu ll1tEpucrm/;;o'tuv 'til Jlucr'tlK1crnKll AE1'tOUpyiu TIle;
I

To 1tPOAE'tUP1U1(0 cr't01XEio ll1tEP'tEpOUcrE KU'ta 1toM. Oi UVUAOyiEe; roe; 1tpOe; 'ti]v itA1KlU fji'uv oi s~fje; cr'ta 1929 :, 14-17 e.'t'wv 51,0% 17-21 hwv 28,3% 21-25 hwv 13,5% 1teXvcu &'1t0 21 hwv 7,1 % AllAUOll, 'ta 4)5 'trov JlEAroVfj'tuv cr'ti]v sCPlll3Eiu roix, E1tOXi] 1tOD roPtJlU/;;E1 it YEVE'tllcrtU smeuJliu, ft cr'ti]v aJlecrroe; JlE'tECPllI31Ki] itA1KlU! 'Evro AOl1tOV of KOJlJlOuvtcr'tee;, orov uyrovu rooc, Y1a va KEpoicouv Ull'ti] 'til VEOAUiu, 1tpol3uAAuV cr'to npooxnvto 'ti]v 'tU~lKi] UAAllAEYYUll aV'tt Y1a 'ta KocrJlOeEroPllnKa 1tpoI3AllJlU'tU, it KUeOA1Ki] opyuvrocrll EKUVEuKpll3roe; 'to aV'tieE'to : 1tpoJlUXOUcrEcr'to 1tOA1ncrnKo KUt 'to KocrJlOeEroPll'tlKO Jle'tro1to. Oi KOJlJlOUv1cr'tEe; YPUCPUVE:
«olAv aOUASljioU{Le ~ocxeXOocpoc xocl cruveL~1J't'eX, 0' &.1tO~eLx.'t'eL, O't'L xocl cr't'ou~ veocpou~ XOCOOALXOU~ lJ 't'OC~LX1) &'AA1JAeyyU1J eLVOCL~crx.up6't'eP1J " "" 'A"' OC1tO -r " ocvOCcr't'OCI\'t'LXOCocr{LO 0 ecup1J't'LXOC rrpo !-,1\1J{LOC't'OC.. l.lev 1tpe1teL x • A'
I I

cr' Eva oxupo cnusto, olUcpopEnKo U1tO xstvo 1tODXPllcr1Jl01t01OUcs Y1a 'ti]v E1tieEcrll ron 'to xouuouvto-nxo xtvnuo, CCXPEO~ 't'lj~ 1tpOAe:'t'OCpLOCX1j~ EAe:uOepoc crxe:1t't'6{Le:v'Yj~ Ve:OAOC~OC~:LVOCL e va ~d~e:L cr't'ou~ ve:ocpou~ X.PLcr't'LOCVOU~EpyeX't'e:~ 't'o p6AO 't'lj~ EXXA'Yj(J~oc~ xocl 't'wv 0PYOCV6>cre:6>V 't"YJ~ cr~ ixCPIX(JL(J{LOU xocl' (J"1)v U1tO(J~PL~'Yj xocl 't'wv (Le-rpcuv o~XOVOf.L~OC~». ~Le:X1te:pOC~CUCf'YJ 't'wv {Le-rpcuv 't'ou 't'Wv EX't'eXX't'(Uv {LS't'pcuv, xoc06><;

va 1tpO~eXAOU{Le cr't'O 1tpocrx~vLO 't'a ~~eOAOYLXa 1tpO~A~{LOC't'OC, &'AAa 't'0 't'OC~LXO 1tp6~A1JJ1.OC, TIJv &.1tOCOA~CUCf'YJ, 1tOU {Lii~ ~SveL ()AOU~ ouVOCAA~ACU~ (LOCc:,». 'H itYEcriu 'tfje; KueOA1Kfje; VEOAUiue; rouvcvrlov EYPUCPE(o"ro

Nto

'Eey6.r'YJ, Up1e. 17,1931):

cc'R MVOC{L1J XL {; {LeyeXAo~ X~v~UVO~ 't'OU XO{L{L0UVLcr't'LXOU x6{L{Loc't'0~ ~yxeL't'ocL cr't'o yr:.yovo~ O't'L i1t1JpeeX~eL 't'ou~ veocpouc; epyeX't'e~ xocl 't'a 1tOAU vsoc 1tOCL~La 't'lje, epyoc't'Lii~. XocLp6{Loccr't'e, ()'t'ocv 1) xU~SPV1JCf'YJ 't'ou PeXLx. &.V't'L{L~CU1t(~eL (L€ ocuer-r1Jp6't"YJ't'oc 't'o xO{L{LOUVLcr't'LXO &.voc-

wEYPUCPEit ([>e6.wrev'Xeearlp.p.el, 1tOD uvucpepUJlE 1tUPU1tuvro. To spro'tllJlu slvm : YlU'ti uvncr'tUellKUV cr' Utl'ti] 'ti]v E1tieEcrll oi p.6.1;et;, oi vsoi XP1crnuvoi SpYU'tEe;; Tiurt OEV EI3AE1tUVoi ic5tot, 01troe; 'to 1tEpiJlEVUVoi xouuouvicrec; 'ti]v C(KECP'UAulOKpunKi]AE1roepyto» 'tfje; SKKAllcriue;; ITpocpuvroc;, S1tE10i] roi»; fj'tuv KpUJlJlevll uim,! it AE1'tOUpyiu, K' E1tE1oi] fj'tuv oOJlllJlev01 KU'ta 'tE'tOlOV rpono, &cr'tE va KU'tuV'tl1crouv JlroP01ticr'tEU't01 Kut UKP1't01. 'EK'tOe; uihou, tl1tfjPXE KUt Kun UAAO, 1tOD OEV Jl1tOPOUcrEva 'to 1tUpUI3M\jfE1 xcvetc: ol uvn1tpocrro1t01 'tfjc; EKKAllcriue; nutpvuv cr'tie; opyuvrocrE1e; 'trov vsrov &:jJn'Xeq;aJ..ato'Xeart'X~ eEcrll, xui 'ta via 1tU101a OEVJl1tOpoucruv va KU'tUAUI30UVaJlEcru, 1tOla fj'tuv it un ieEcrll JlE'tU~D KOJl~IOUV1cr'troV ui 1tU1tuorov cr'ta xorvoivucd eeJlu'tu. K "Erot, JlOVO cr'to eEJlU 'trov spronKrov crxecrErov EJlOlU/;;Eva ll1tUpXE1 Jl1a ~EKUeUpll olUxrop1crnKi] YPUJlJlll. <l>ulVO'tUV, rocrav of
1. «Freidenkerstinmen : ««I>CIlvft troy t).£uOepocppovCllv» (I:.t.M.)

170

171

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184

185

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6

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VTlJ.lSVTl a1to tTJV a<PPOOtcrtaKTJavacrXEO'TI, 1tODOEV unopst va ~PEt tTJV SK1tAitprocrit 'tTl<;, yta'tt <ppayJ.lsvo<;. Ttcuro tat J.lE 't6crTi sUKoAia

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1. TIP13. KUt rnv Kt..lVtKit nupouotucn
o(!yaup.oiJ, 1942.

1. TIp13. 'to O:Plcr'tOUPYTJIlU'toil De Costers Till Ulenspiegel. zou it qltt..I:t..l:u91:PTJ ~COV'tUVlU KUt 9i:PIlTJ rou Exl:l ustver, KU'tO:'tit yvwllTJ 1l0U, O:1;l:lti:pucr'tTJ. 2. Oi 1l0P<PlVOIlUVI:IC; lvoi KU'tO: xcvovn O:VU<pp63l'tOl, O:ViKUVOtyui oPyue cuo: ytumo em~T)'toilv 'tI:XVT)'tEC;Oll:yi:pcrl:lC;-1tpuYIlU 1tOD OEV 1ts'tUXU[Vl:l 1tuv'to'tl:. :Euvit9coc; s{VUt crUOtO"'ti:C;,IlUcr'tlKOltu9stc;, llu~Ul6001;Ot, 6Ilo<put..6<plt..Ot, KUt 13ucruvi~ov'tat altO 'tPOIiSPO iiyxoC;, 1toi> 1tpocrltU90iiv va 'to 1;l:ltl:pucrouv lie 13uvuucru <PI:PcriIlU'tU

186

187

lCoyoocr'tll<; cruXI.:fj<;o7tepe'tu<;, en 1,1(iget 7tOA.D7teptcrcro'tepu 7tpaYJlU'tU yt' utml 'ta 7tpO~A.i}Jlu'tu, 7tUp' o,n cr' SlCU'tO Eyxetpiotu 'ti'j<; acppootcrtoA.oyiu<;. Ta JlocrnlCa ~uhJlu'tu Jl7topei va otucpepouv oro 7teptexoJlevo lCui cr'tTtV lCu'te69ovcrll, exoov OJlID<;OA.U 'tTtV iotu 't07ttlCTt yeve'tllcrto-OtlCoVOJltlCTt ~acrll. 'AV'tiee'tu, noco 7tt0 xovrd cr'tTtV uA.i}getu lCui 'tTt SIDTt~picrlCOV'tUt oi yvi}crtot E7tUvucr'ta'te<;, of. yvi}crtot cpocrwoicpe<;, 'ta yepa 7tutota JlE 'tTt vllcpaA.tu, crCPptYllA.TtcrlCE'I'l1 lCUt avncroVUtcr911JlunlCTt ouunspupopu ! 'Eoro unopst va Jlli<; avn'ta~et lCuvei<;, o'tt lCut ot 7tPID'toyoVot A.uoi, 7tOD souv «crOJlcproVID<;' cpucret» J1EcrUcr' evu Jlll'tptUPXtlCO 'tfj crUO"'tllJlu, exoov lCt uO'tOt 'ta 9PllcrlCeo'ttlCa roo; JloO"'ti}ptu lCui 't' d:vaA.oyu uicr9i}Jlu'tu lCUt ~troJlu'tu. Xpetase'tut ~E~atU Jlta 7tOA.U EJl7teptcr'tu'tIDJlEVll UVaA.ocrll, yta va oei~ooJle on 7tpOlCet'tut yta ouo 'teA.eiID<; otucpopenlCE<; lCu'tucr'tacret<; cro 7tu'tptuPXtlCO lCui cr'to Jlll'tptUpXtlCO crUcr'tllJlu. To xupto E7ttXeipllJlu 7t(1v'tID<;elvrn 'to s~i'j<;: JlE 'tTtV EA.eocrll 'ti'j<; 7tu'tptuPXiu<; uA.A.aSet 1) cr'tacrll 'ti'j<; 9pllcrlCeiu<; U7tEVUVn cr't' ucppooicrtu, yive'tut 011A.UoTJCu9upa aV'ttl uCPPOOtcrtUlCTJ EVro O"'tTtJlll'tPtuPXiu 1) 9pllcrlCeiu i1'tuv lCu9upu ucppoOtcrtucrnlCi}. '0 7tPID'tOYOVO<; uoorncicuo;» « crE xowcoviec ucppoOtcrtucrnlCE<; slvm a7to 'tTt J1ta Jlepta liJlecro' opytucrnlCo ~iIDJlU, lCt U7tO 'tTtV liA-A.ll 'I'OXOA.U'tptlCTtepJlllve{u 'trov CPOcrtlCrov CPUtVOJlEVIDV.

'teA.tKot><;7tOA.tncrnKot><; oxonoix; 'ti'j<; E7tUVa.cr'tucrll<;, 7tot> exoov E7ttcrKtucr'tei U7tO 'ti<; 7tt0 E7teiyoocre<; 7tP07tUpucrKeoucrnKE<; Uva.yKe<;. «'0 7t'OAL't'LO"t'LXOe; (L7t'OAO'e~LxLO'(LOe; OeAeL va i3LocAOO'eL 't'OV LO''t'OPLXO
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YEypucpe 6 Kov(!-e XOV-C-CS'JI cr'tTtV 7tOA.eJltKi} 'too '0 nOA£'"Cta'"Ct'XOe; pnoAas/3£'X£apoe; (,ElCoocrll 'tOU EouyyeA.tKou AuiKOU ~OVOEcrJlOO) 1931. 'H 7tOA.tnKTt uV'ttOpucrll X'to7taet lipuye uO'to 7t0t> 7tpa.YJlun E7ttOtroKet 1) 7tOA.t'ttcr'ttKTJ E7tUVa.cr'tucrll, i1 Jli}7tID<;yta 0llJlUYIDytKOt><;Myoo<; u7tooioet cr'tTtV E7tUVa.cr'tucrll E7ttOtro~et<;, 7t0t> OEV EJl7ti7t'toov Ku90A.oO cr'to 7tpoypUJlJla. 'tll<; ; ~'tTJV 7tPro'tll 7tepi7t'tIDor], xpetase'tut vd oei~et xuvek; .Kui va u7tepucr7ticret 'tTJv uva.YKll uO'trov 'trov E7ttOtro~eIDv. ~'tTJ oeu'tepll 7tepi7t'tIDcrll, upKei v' U7tOoei~et xcvslc, on npoxsmn ytU U7tO~oA.tJluioo<; icrxoptcrJlOU<;, va otu'l'eucret lipu uu'ta., 7t0t> lCu'tUJlup'topei 1) uV'tiopucrT) O"'tTJV E7tUVa.cr'tucrT) . Tdipu, 7tro<;EKnJlaet 1) iotu 1) 7tOA.tnKTt uV'tiopucrll 'tTtV uV'tieecrT) Jle'tu~t> E7tiyetu<; eO'toxiu<; KUt 9pT)cr1Ceiu<;; 'loou, 't1. ypa.cpet crxe'ttKa 6 Kov(!-e Xov-C-CS'JI: «KlXl 7t'pw't'OC-7t'PW1'IX; 0 i3pL(Lu1'epoc; ocywvocC; 't'OU 7t'OAL't'La't'LXOU (L7t'OAae~LXLa(LoU a't'peq>e't'OCL EV~ ',11'(0',1 TIje; Op"tJO'XdlXe;. rLIX't'l Yj Op"tJ, 11 , Y , '!' \, 6 1.' \, , axeLOC, oco (LeveL "WV't'OCV"tJ, eWOCL -ro LOXUp TepO uXupo eVIXV't'LOV 't'WV 'H £I " , \, £I' Y \ ~ , O'X01tWV 't'OU... VP"tJO'XeLOCU7t'O't'ocaaeL TIJ) IXVVPW7t'L""tJ "W"tJ at;; XIX't'L 'l:'w o» 0 p W ~ (LLIXV OCLWVLIX IXUvev1'LIX. 'A 7t'OCL't'eL TIJV IXU't'OC1tIXP\ ,, '£1' -\ , , e", 7t'LVO, at;;
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'H lCOtvIDVtlCTt E7tuvacr'tucrll ~aset 'ta oovu'ta 'tll<;, yta va ~eptsrocret

'ta lCOtVIDVtlCauinu 'ti'jS uv9pro7ttVll<; lCUlC07tagetu<;. 'AvaYlCll 1I:Uon, v' avu'tpu7tet 'to lCOtVIDVtlCO cruO"'tllJlU- xt uon) 1) uvaYlCll E7ttcr1Ctaset 'tOD<;cr'tOXoo<; KUt 'tt<; 7tp09Ecret<; 'ti'j<; yeve'ti}crtu<; oixovoutcc, "Erot, EVro 6 E7tuvucr'tU'tll<; uvuyKuse'tut v' uvu~uA.et 'tTtV E7tiA.ocrll 'trov cro~uprov uO'trov 7tpO~A.llJla'tIDv, JlEXpt<; o'too EK7tA.llpIDgei 'to 7tpro'to Kui KUpW JlEA.llJlU, 011A.UOTt JlEXpt<; o'too 011JltoOPY1190uv 01, n(!ovnoOeasu;, yta vd A.090uv K' EKeivu 'ta 7tpO~A.i}Jlu'tu - 6 uvnopucrnKo<; cr'tO Jle'tu~t> 7tOA.eJlclet J!E unvtc UKPt~ro<; 'tot><;

IIs(!£/3aMs£ -cirl' avO(!wmv'lj ,wi} ps p£av a-epoacpat(!a eVOW'lje;, evoxije;, Oslae; c5b''lje;, alwvuh'lj-eae;. 'AVOCXIXL1'(~eL TIjv oc7t'epL6pLaTIJ OC7t'6AOCUO'"tJ't'WV OCvOPW7tLVWV op(LWv. <H nOA£'na'"Ctxi} snavaa-eaa'lj elva: '0 ' <.<: l' nOll.t'"Ctv'"Ctx'ljenavaa-eaa'lj -eov av (!wnov' vnouovll.wvs£ OIlGe; -ete; m(!taXSe; -eije; 'wije; a-ei}v lc5ia -eije;eVc5a£povlae;JJ. rr7t'oyplX(L(L(~eL 0 B. POCLX). 'Eoro EKcppase'tat u7tepicppucr'tu 1) uV'ttopucrnKTJ u7to7toiT)crT) 'ti'j<; E7tiyew<; eO'toxia<;. '0 uv'ttopucrnKo<; ulcr9a.ve'tut 'tOY Kivoovo 7tot> u7tetA-ei 'to OOJltKO ~u9topiSIDJlU 'tOU UU'tOKPU'tOPtKO\) ueo-n1 '" \" '1 _

188

189

KtcrllOU (<<1toAtncr)loe;»)' 'tOY xtvouvo alno 'tOY pAsm;t KaAtm;pa Kai pa6U'tEpa, 1tap' o,n PAS1tEt 'to crK01t6 'tot>, 6 E1tavacr'tu'tT]e; 1tOD crt>YKEV'tproVEt oAEe; 'tot> 'tie; Ot>VU)lEte; Kt oAEe; roo 'tie; PM'l'Ete; 1tproncr'ta cr'tT]V uAAaYT] 'tOU KOtVroVtKOU crt>cr'tijJla'toe;. '0 uvnopacrnKoe; uvayvropisEt 'tOY Kivot>vo, 1tOD U1tEtAEt 'tT]V OiKoysVEta Kai 'tT] Jlt>crnKtcrnKT] it6tKoAoyia U1tO 'tT]V 1tAEtlpU 'tfje; E1tavucr'tacrT]e; -EV& 6 )lscroe; E1tavacr'tu'tT]e; OSV EXEt Kav upxicrEt va u1t0'l'tUSE'ta.t 'tie; E1tt1t'trocrEte; au'tse; 'tfje; E1tavucr'tacrT]e;. TIoAD crt>xvu, )luAtcr'ta, 6 xotvorvucoq E1tavacr'tu'tlle; aicreuVE'tat uJlijxavoe; cr' aU'ta 'ta eS)la'ta. '0 uvnopacrnK:oe; EKeEtusEt 'tOY Tjprotcr)l6, 'tT]V EYKap'tspT]crT] Kai au'ta1tupvT]crT], 'tOY ucrKT]ncr)lO Kai 'tT]V aU'toet>cria, u1t6At>'ta Kai airovta, xai 1tpOUYEt )l' au'to 'tOY rpono 'ta crt>)lq>spovrc 'tOU au'toKpa'toptcrJloO, El'tE 'to eSAEt El'tE OXt (1tpp. '10.noivtc). "Oucx; yta 01.0. 'tou'ta XPEtUSE'ta.t 'to poo-rucicuo, oT]AaoT] Ka't' oootcv 'tT]V U1tUPVT]crT] 'tfje; YEVE'tijcrwe; 6p)lfje;. Turri EUOatuovic ea 1tEt xupio»; yta 'tOY uv'ttopacrnKo Epro'ttKT] u1t6Aat>crT] - xni cr'tT]V xptcn 'tot> aU'tT] EXEt M~lO. Kui 6 E1tavacr'tu'tT]e; E1ticrlle; U1tat'tEt 'tT]V aU'ta1tUpvllcrT] Kai 'tT] cr'tsPT] crT], 1ttcr'tEUEt cr'to KaefjKov, E1tEtOT] 1tpS1tEt 1tp&'ta vd E~acrq>aAtcr'tOuv )lS UY&VEe; crKAT]pODe; 01 ot>va't6'tT]'tEe; 'tfle; EU'tt>xiae;. ~'tT]V 1tpaK'ttKT] ucrxoAia 'tot> )lS 'tie; )lUsEe; ~EXVuEt EiSKoAa - ~al ~ap,la cpoea svxaelO'iW~ - 'tOY 'tEAtKo oxoxo, 1tOD OSV slvut it oot>AEtU, (it xotvmvtKT] EAEt>eEpia crt>VE1ttq>SPEt 'tT]V npotobou )lEirocrT] 'tfje; Epyacriae;) uAAa 'to EpronKo 1ta.txviot Kai it EpronKT] sroT] crs oAEe; 'tie; )lOpq>se; rooc, U1tO 'tOY opyacr)lo roe; cr'ta U'l'T]AO'tEpa E1tt'tEuY)la'ta 'tOD 1tVEU)la'toe;' it Epyacria elvat Kai ea uetvst 'to eE)lsAw 'tfje; srofje;, aAAa crs )ltav EAEUeEpT] 011)lOKpanKT] xoivoivtc 'to lho)lo ea oot>AEuEt Aty6'tEpo Xp6vo, Kaecbe; ea E1tEK'tEiVE'ta.t it Epyacria 'tfje; )IT]xavfje;. Au'to ea 1tEt EKAoyiKEtlcrT] 'tfje; Epyacriae;. <DpucrEte; crav 'tie; E1t6~EVEe; )l1tOPEt va PPEt KavEie; crs 1tOAAa )It>crnKtcr'ttKa xni uvnopacrnKa crt>'Y'YPu)l)la'ta, xt <ie; )IT]V slvrn roco Kaeapa ota'tt>1tro)lSVEe;, 01troe; crov Kover Xovrrsv : \ \ .. \ «'0 7tOAL't"Lcr't'LXOC;L7tOAcre:~LXLcr[LOC;'H" e:~VCXL [ osv X't"e:crLVO1) cr1j[Le:pLVO _, , " , , , "'I.. ''I' '" <pcxLV6[Le:vo .!:!.e:xLVOCe:L . OC7tO[LLCX P07t'Yj, 7tOU <pWI\LCX..,e:LC7t 't"OC 7tOCVOCPO \ ~ \ 't"QU 6' \ , XOCLOC , XPOVLOC , [Le:croccr't"1)YXOCpOLOC -, OCVPW7tOU .. -rov 7t0'6 0 't"1)C; curuXLOCC;.E!VOCL -1j 7tPOIXL6>VLOC Ocr't"OCAYLOC e7tLye:LoU 7tOCp&ae:LcroU V 't"ou ...
I

~TIj 6scr1j 't"'ije; 6p1)crxdcxe; 't"'ijc; 7tLcr't"1)C;epxe:'t"ocL 1) 6p1)crxdoc 't"'ijc; 1)aov'ijc;;). Pro'tii)lE AOt1tOV Kai )lEie;:

"Ae; OOKt)lUsa)lE )ltav o)laOtKT] 'l'l1q>oq>opia 1tUvro cr' au'to 'to eS)la! Kuutd uV'ttopacr'ttKT] pweEropia os ea unopotios va cr'taeEi. '0 uV'ttopacr'ttKoe; Ka'taAapaivEt, )ls 'to uoceucicruco 'tot> W61t0 )lSV, uAAa crrocr'tu, 'tT] ccvcpmcn 'tOU )It>cr'ttKtcr)lOD )lE 'tOY Ka'tavaYKacrnKo YU)lo Kai 'tT]V Ka'tavaYKacrnKT] OiKOySVEta.. «rLOC v' &'noc7toxpL6d cr' ocu't'~ TIjv e:u6uv'Y) (YLOC't"LC;t"uxov cruvS7te:Le:C; ' 't"'ijc; ~aov'ijc;) ~ &.V6p6>7tLV'Y) XOLVWVLOC a'Y)[LLOOPY'YJcre: 6e:cr[L0 't"ou y&'t"0 , , , 0' " , [LOU, 7tOU eo» "(J.. Lcr0I"'LOC XOLVO't"'Y)'t"OC 7tOCpe::x,e:L-co 7tpocr't"OC't"e:U't"LXO vOC 7tAOCLcrLO cr't"LC;epW't'Lxec; cr:x,scre:LC;». Kai U)ls.crroe; )lE'ta uKoAot>eEi OAT] it KAi)laKa 't&V «1toAtncrnK&v u~t&V», 1tOD cr'tT] OtUpeprocrT] 'tfje; uv'ttopacrnKfje; iOEOAoyiae; crt>vap)loAoyouV'ta.t otrv 'ta E~ap'tij)la'tU )ltiie; )IT]Xavi'je; : «'0 Y&[LoC; croc ae:cr[L6C;, ~ OLXOYSVe:LOCrocv &.; LWcr1j, 1) 7tOC't"pLaOC c crocv c(U't'a:;Lc(, 1) l]{hxl] CfeXv ocu6ev-rL<X, ~ 6p"t)crx.e;(oc aeXv u7toxpewcrYJ cX.7t'O XOC't"OC~OA'ijC; x6cr[Lou». !l~ ea )l1tOpOUcrE xuvek; va 1tEptypU'l'Et mo E1tt'tt>Xll)lSVa 'tT]v U1tOAierocrT] 'tOU uvepro1ttVot> 1tAacr)la'toe;! '0 aV'ttOpacr'ttKOe; KUeE A01tfje; Ka'taOtKUsEt 'tT] crro)lanKT] itooVT] (nup' 01.0 1tOD )l1tAsKE'tat xt aU'toe; upprocr'tT]Jlsva cr'ta oiX'tt>a 'tT]e;), E1tEtOT] 'tOY 1tpoKaAEi Kai 'tOY u1troeEi crt>'YXp6vroe;. !lsv unopet va AUcrEt 'tT]V Ecrro'tEptKij 'tot> uV'ttvo)lia UVU)lEcra cr'tie; YEVE'tijcrtEe; OpS~Ete; 'tot> Kai 'tie; itetKtcrnKse; 'tot> uvacr'toMe;. '0 E1tavacr'tu'tT]e; U1tOKPOUEt 'tT] Otucr'tpoq>T], upprocr'tT])lSVT] f]oovij, E1tEtOT] OSV elvrn Tj &~1} 'tot> Tjoovij, E1tEtOT] osv slvut Tj q>tAijOOVT] SproUKT] oP)lT] rov p,e}..}..ovro~, dAAa ~ ~bovij rij~ dvrlcpacr'Y}~ dvap,scra crrTJv fJel~iJ xol. r' oep,ep,cpvro, ~ ~bovij 'tfje; SuctrrroptKfje; xowovtcc, p,la crsevap,sv'Y}, fJewp,seiJ sa deewl1r'Y}p,ev'Y} bov1}. ~ M6vo 1tOD 1tOAD crt>xva KUVEt 'to Aueoe; 6 E1tavacr'tu'tT]e;, 1tOD OSV EXEt ~EKaeaptcr)lsva EV't6e; 'tot> 'ta 1tpuY)la'ta, va cr'ta)la'tuEt cr'tT]v Ka'tUoiKT] 'tfje; vocrT]pi'je; Tjoovfje;, uV'ti va 'tfje; uv'tt1tapa'tu~Et 'tT] OtKij 'tot> eE'ttKT] YEvE'tijcrta otxovoutc, "Av )luAtcr'ta ol OtKEe; 'tot> YEVE'tijcrtEe; uvacr'tOASe; osv 'tOY uq>ijvot>v va oEi Kaeapa 'to crK01tO

~ ~boviJ crav nselsx6p,svo

Fwd 0Xl ~ Bnlysw svrvxla; rij~ Cwij~ ;

Fwd 0Xl

190

191

llta~ SA.SU9EPt~ OtUllOPCPCOO'l1~ ~cofl~, 'to'ts lCU'tUA.itYSt v' apV11'tfl~ 9st YSVtlCU'tijv i'loovil, vu yivst aO'lC11'til~, lC' s'tO't x/tvst lCa9s ouvu'to't11'tU vu 1tA.11O'taO'St 'tij vsoxctc. k'tijV lCU'tU 't' aA.A.u s~uipS't11 O'O~tS'ttlCij rmvtc '0 ~(l6",0I;nov ",ar; na.e£ (1r:7} COJij (MU11O'l1 O''tij ~COTJ) ''ti~ O'UplCtlCe~OPE~St~ 'tol) Otscp9uPllEVOU av9pro1tou O&Vav'ttO 1tupu~aA.A.s'tut 6 O'CPPtY11M~ aCPPOOtO'tuO'llo~ 'tfl~ SA.su9spi~, aA.A.a i'I aO'1C11'ttlCTJ ~coil, i'I avuCPPOOtO'{u lCui aCPtA.110oviu. To ysvs'tilO'to 1tPO~A.11llU 'tlDv VECOV1tUPUllSpi~s'tat· uu'to sivat A.a90~, lCui 1tSpt1tA.&lCSt'to 1tPO~A.11llU, aV'ti vu 'to A.uO'St. 'H lCu'tappsuO'l1 'tlDv ft9tlClDv lCUVOVCOV ''tu spco'ttlCa, SlC011A.rovs'tat O''tTJV apxij O'U O ysvs"CilO'tu enavaar:a(1'T}. 'AA.A.a i'I s1tuvaO'''CuO'l1 uu"Cij 1tuipvst VOO'l1P&~ J.10pcpE~, 1tOU otlCuico~ O&V"Ci~ sYlCpivst 6 yvroO'''C11~"Cfj~ ysvs"CilO'tu~ olxovoutcc. To ~il't11llU, A.ot1tOV, slvci vu oroO'OUllS O'''Cijv s1tuvaO'''CuO'l1 VES~ &A.A.oys~ J.10pcpE~, vu OtUlloPCProO'OUllS evu YEO cr6O'''C11llu ysvs"CilO'tu~ oixovoutoc. Turrt lC' SOlD, 01tCO~ lCUt 0" OA.OU~"Cou~ dA.A.ou~ "COllst~, i'I SA.s69sP11 ~coij YSVVtE'tUt llEO" a1t' "Cou~ cpo~spou~ O'1tuO'llou~ O'''Co O'1tA.axvo 'tfj~ ~cofl~;

VII. 'H 'YEVEt1}O'la OiKOVoJ,1ia O'tOV cl'Ywva
Evavtiov tOU J,1VO'tlK10'J,10U

k& lluI OIlUOtlCij O'uylCEV'tPCOO'l1 '''Co Bspoxtvo, 'tOY 'Icvooupio "Col) O 1933, 6 S9VtlCOO'OO'tUA.tO'''CTJ~ "Orro k"CpaO'O'sp &9sO's erov av"Ci1tUA.O "COU, 'tOY lCOtvCOVtOA.oyo lCul. O'tvOA.0Yo Blr:r:cpoy-xeJ.. evu O'UV"CUPUlC'ttlCO'''Cijvop90"C11'ta rou SPro"C11llU,1tOUSOtvS orov alCpOO u"CTJ"Co u'L0'91111U,o'tt, liv l1"CUVouvu"C6, v' a1tUV't119sr, 9u O'illlUtvS "Co "CSA.O~ "Col) J.1UO''ttlCtO'llol)."0 k"CpaO'O'sp lCu'tUllUP"CUpoI)O's O"t'ou~ lluP~tO'tE~, o'tt U1tO't'tllol)O'uv "CTJ 'l1lluO'iu 'tfl~ 'l'uXtlCfI~ xui 1tVSUllUO 'ttlCfI~ ~cofl~ lCui 'tfl~ 9P11O'lC&u'ttlCfI~ SIl1tStpiu~.'" Av, si1ts, i'I 9P110'lCsiu Tj"Cuv u1tA.lD~ "Co A.OUA.ouOtO''tijv UA.uO'iou "CfI~slClls"CaA.A.suO'l1~"ClDv &Pyu~oIlEvCOV, 01tCO~to'xupi~s'tut 6 M~p~, "Co"Cs slvrn alCU"CUV011'to, 1tlD~ lCu"C6p9coO's il 9P110'lCsiu vu OtU't11P119s1 O'Xsoov aVaA.A.UX"C11 s1ti XtA.ts"C11pios~ 6MICA.11PS~, lCui totuhspu i'I XptO''ttUVtlCTJ 9P11O'lCsiu, 1tOU Otu't11Psi'tat ouo XtA.taos~ XPOVtU "Cropu, ll' (SA.o 1tOU O'''Cijv aPXTJ 9uO'taO"t'l1lCs ytu xap11 "C11~1tOA.U1tSPtO'O'o'tspo~ lCO0'1l0~, 1tUP' oO'o~ 0" OA.S~ llu~l. "Ci~ S1tuvuO'''CaO'st~. To sPro"C11J.1U EllSt vs aVU1taV't11"CO, SIl1ti1t"Cst (Sllco~ a1tOA.U"Cco~O'''Ci~ aVUA.UO'St~ rocrou 't01) ~t~A.iou. 'OcpsiA.oUJls vu 1tUPUOSX"Col)lls, 1t(O~ "Co spro't11llU l1"CUVOtlCUtoA.0Y11llEVO,liv J.1il 'tt aA.A.o, O'uv \)1tOllV11O'l1, SIC llEPOU~ "Col) lluO''ttlCtO''t'fI aV'ti1tuA.ou, ytu v' aVUPCO"C11901)J.1E, i'I liv CPUO'tlCij&iXs s~s'taO'st aplCs"Cu 1tOA.U1tA.SUPU ~u9ul 'to uuotucilCui 0'1l0 lCui "Cu J.1EO'U"Coli Pt~0~OA.illlU"C6~ roo. "R a1taV"C11O'l1 l1'tUV ICU"C' avaYIC11V apv11'ttlCil: i'I CPUO'tlCTJ SXSt lCu"Cop9roO'st &c; "Cu oev "Cropu vu O'uA.A.a~st 'to iO'xupo"Cu'to O'uYlCtV11O'tulCO1tSptSXOllSVO 'tol) llUO''ttlCtO'llol). Of SIC1tpoO'co1toi roo ll& 'tu O'uY'YpallllU"CU lCui 'tu lC11PuYllu"Ca"COU~lla~ sIxuv OroO'St 0'''C0 XEpt "Cij A.UO'l1"Col) npo~A.illlU"CO~lCul. "CTJV 1tPUlC'ttlCij a1taV't11O'l1. "0 aCPPOOtO'to1tOA.t't'tlCO~ xupulC'tilpu~ "Col) lluO''ttlCtO'llol) slvm 6A.ocpavspo~· 0.1.1.' of SA.SUBspot O'''COXuO''t'&~ 1tUpU~A.E'l'UV ll& 'tijv 'LOta O'UO'''C11llU'ttlCO't11''CU, "Cov 1tOU 1tUPU~A.&1tOUVof mo OtaO'l1llOt 1tatouycoyoi rov 6A.ocpavspo tpCO'ttO'llo "ClDv1tatotlDv. Elver A.Ot1tOVqxrvspo, (S'tt 6 lluO''t'tlCtO'IlO~, ICU'tEXSt solD evu lCPUllllEVO Oxupo, 1tOU "Co u1tspuO'1tiO'''C11icSlle OA.U
193
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Toii q;a(J£(Ip.oii

'tOU 'ta Jlecra svavriov

'tfi~ q)t)crt1cfi~, 1tpo'toil K<lV it qmcrtKTt U1tO-

As J.lu~s~11YEioJ.l(J)~ 'to ouvaJ.ltcrJ.lo'tfi~ 9p11crKEu't'tKfi~iOEoAoyia~, Oi5't'E'tTt otEpyacria, 1t0t> crUV'tEAEi'tat cr'tTtV 'l'UXTt 'tOU uv9pro1tou, 'tOU u1to'tayJ.lsvou cr' aO'tTt 'tTt 9P11crKEU'ttKTt iOEoAoyia. 'R otaJ.l6p<Procr11 'tfi~ 9p11crKEU'ttKfi~ Aa'tpsta~ osv t~ap'ta'tat U1tO 'tTt ~ooA11cr11 'toil u't6J.lou· slvut KOtVroVtKO J.l6p<PcoJ.la, bmrJyaCet Uno nov 7:~ UX8<1rJ7:0V av()ewnov p,e 7:0 <1vvav()ewno 7:0V xal p,e TiJ cpV<1'Yj. 'R 'l'uxoAoyia 'tou u1tocruvsi011'tOU, it 'l'uxa.vaAucr11, 1tp6cr9scrs cr'tTtV KOtVCOVtoAOytKTtSPJ.l11Vsia'tfi~ 9p11crKsia~ Kat 'tTtV "I'vxoAOytX~· 1tp011YOUJ.lSVCO~ dxav Ka'taAa~Et 'tTtV KOtVCOVtKTtt~ap't11cr11 'to)v 9P11crKStO)v·J 'l'uxavaAucr11 OtEpsuvoucrE 'tropa 'tTtv 'l'uf XOAOytKTt OtEpya.cria J.lscra <17:d. ivtJop,vXa nov av()ewnwv, 'to)V OOUACOJ.lSVCOV uvnKEtJ.lSVtKS~ 9p11crKsunKs~ Aa'tpEis~. "Etot, cr'tt~ it 'l'uxavaAucr11 1l1t6pEcrs va Ota1ttcr'trocrEt, on it sixovc 'to() 9sou slvrn 'tauncrJ.lSV11J.lS'tTtV shcovc 7:0V na-dea, Kai fJ iOta 7:ijr; p,rJ7:8ear; 7:oiJ ()eov (9EOJ.lT]'tOpO~)tau'tocr11Jl11JlS 7:~ p,'Yjdea. 'tOU Ka9s ' 9P11crKsu6JlsVOUav9pro1tou. k'tTtV Tptaoa 'tfi~ xptcr't'tavtKfi~ 9P11crKsia~ Ka9pE<p'ti~s'tat liJlEcra 'to 'tpiycovo: 1ta'tspa~-Jl11'tspa-1tatol.. TO. 'l'UXtKa 1tsptEx6J.lEVa 'tfi~ 9p11crKsta~ slvrn oaVEtcrJlSVa U1tO 'ti~ OiKoysVEtaKS~ crxscrst~ 'tfi~ 1tPro't11~1tatotKfi~ i}AtKia~. 'R 'l'UXOAOytKTt sPJl11Vsta cruvsAa~E, Aot1t6v, 'to. 1tEptsx6JlEVa 'to() 9p11crKsuncrJ.l0(),oXt 6JlCO~ Kat 'ttlV tvepYEta, 1t0t>'ta <pu'tSOSt .lecra J cr'ttlv uv9pro1ttV11'l'uxi}. Ifponavtrov osv dXE ~EKa9aptcr'tsl, 1t0()9s 1t11Ya~Eti} 1tEpt1ta9Eta Kat 0 EV't'OVO~ cruvatcr911Jla't'tcrJlO~ 'to)v 9P11crKsunKO)v 1tapacr'tacrErov. ~01tCO~ t1ticr11~OSVsIXE Otacra<P11Vtcr'tEi, yta'ti of 1tapacr'tacrst~ 'tOU 1tav'toouvaJlou 1ta'tspa Kat 'tfi~ cropytKfi~ Jl11'tepa~ yupi~ouv cr'tO JlUCr't'tKtcrJ.lO, at 'ti crxscr11 EXOUV K J.lS'tTtV u<ppooicrta ~COTt 'to() u't6Jlou. ITOAAOi KOtVCOVtoA6YOlEXOUVU1tO xutpo Ota1ttcr'trocrEtrov opytacruco xapaK'tT]pa JlSptKO)V1ta'tptapXtKO)V 9P11crKStO)V. ~01tCO~ EXSt ota1ttcr'tco9Ei t1ticr11~, on ot 1ta'tPtaPXtKS~ 9p11crKsis~ slvm 1tOAtnKa uvnopacrnKs~, Kat U1t11Ps'tOUVtav'to'ts 'tTtV xpurooou oJlaoa 1 Ka9s 'ta~tKfi~ xorvovic; xt tJ.l1tooi~ouv l!p,neax7:a. 'tTtV lipcr11 'tfi~ oJlaotKfi~ oucr'tuxia~, 1tapoucrta~ov'ta~ rnv cra «9sA11J.la 9so()) Kat 1tap11Yoprov'ta~ 'ti~ Jla~E~ J.lS'ttlV u1t6crXEcr11 1tro~ i} EO'tuxia 'tt~ 1tEptJ.leVEtcrov liAAO K6crJ.l0.

'l'tacr'tEi 'tTtV u1tap~i} 'tOU.

k'tO cnueto nino 9a il9EAa va cruvO'l'icrro a1tAo)~yvrocr'ta 1tpaYJla'ta, oxt va &~E'tacrro OtE~OOtKa 'to 9p11crKEU't'tKO atcr911Jla. Ta qxnvousvc 'toil opyacrJloil &<pa1t'tQv'tat cr' Eva OptcrJlEVO cr11JlslO Jlf- 'to 1tp6~A11Jla 'tfi~ 9p11crKEunKfi~ OtEYEPcr11~, U1tO'tTtV a1tAi} Ka'tavu~l1 'toil 1ttcr'toil lJ¥;, 'tTtV oAoKA11proJlev119P11crKSU't'tKTt Kcr'tacr11. '0 s opo~ «9P11crKEU't'tKTtOtEYEPcr11» osv 1tPE1tEt va neptoptcret cr'ta aicr9i}Jla'ta 1tot> oovoilv 'tot>~ 9EOcrE~OOJlEVOU~, (hav mrpeuptoxovrut crs Jlta AEt'toupyia. ea 1tPE1tEt JlUAAOV va crull1tEptAa~OUJlEOAOU~roi»; tpE9tcrllOO~, 1t0t>xapaK't11pi~ouv JltaV OptcrJlEV11 'l'UXtKTt Kal crroJla't'tKTt tYEpcrtJl6't11'ta· ol1AaOTt xui 'to ~avaJlJla, 1tot> aicr9avov'tat ol U1to'taK't'tKs~ J.la~E~, o'tav 'ti~ KEV'tpi~Et it 011J.l11yopiasvo~ Aa~pEu'toil ityE't11· Ka9ro~ &1ticr11~ Kat 'to uvacr'ta'troJ.la 1to\> aicr9avE'tat xcvstc, o'tav rov crUYKAovi~ouv J.lEyaA61tpE1ta <pUcrtKa qxnvouevu. "A~ ouvovtcooue 1tpO)'ta; ocra ~epaJ.lE yta 'to 9P11crKEU't'tKo <patV6J.lEVO, rtpiv U1tO'tTtV u<PPOOtcrto-OtKOVOJ.ltKi} J.la~ Epsuva. 'R KOtvroVtOAOytKTt spEuva EIXE Ka'top9rocrEt v' u1toOEi~Et, on ol 9p11crKsunKs~ p,oecper; Ka9ro~ xui ota<popa 1tEptEx6J.lEVa 'tfi~ 9p11crKsta~ t~ap'tO)v'tat a1tO 'to. cr'taota 'tfi~ xotvoVtKfi~ Kat OiKOVOJ.ltKfi~ &~EAt~l1~. "Erm, A6you xap11, ol srooAa'tPtKI';~ 9p11crKEtE~slvct crUVOEJ.lEVE~ J.ll';'to ~io 'to)v 1tpro't6yovrov KUV11Y11't'tKO)V AaO)v. Ot 1tapacr'tacrEt~, 1t0t>crX11J.la'ti~ouvoi liv9pro1tOt yta 'to. 9Eia U1tEp<pucrtKaoV'ta Ka90pi~ov'tat Ka'ta xnvov« U1tO'to E1ti1tEOO 'tfi~ ohcovoutcc Kat 'tOil1tOAt't'tcrJ.lOU. Q{ 9P11crKEUitKS~ 1tapacr'tacrEt~ Ka90pi~ov'tat E1ttcr11~KOtVroVtoAOytlCa U1tO 'tTtV Ixuvornru, 1tODEXEt 0 liv9pro1t0~, vd U1tEpVtKi}crEt 'ta euoucd Kat xotvovucd &J.l1t60ta. 'R uJ.l11xavia J.l1tPO~cr'ti~ <pUcrtKS~ ouvaJ.lEt~, Ka9ro~ Kai ol J.lEyaAE~ KOtVroVtKE~ Ka'tacr'tpo<ps~ sovooov 'tTt 0l1J.ltoupyia 'tfi~ 9p11crKSUttKfi~ iOEOAoyia~. 'R KOtVroVtoAOytKTt SPJ.l11vsta'tfi~ 9p11crKsia~ u<popu 'to KOtVroVtKO Kai OiKOVOJ.ltKO {)1tsoa<po~, 01tOU <pu'tprovouv ol 9p11crKEU't'tKs~ Aa'tpEiE~.

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'H YBVBt11cr1O-OtKovo~lKi]spwva EmcruVU1ttBt A.Ol1tOVcrtie; We; ta tci>pa YVci>crBte; yta ti] 9P11crKeta Kai t' aKoAou9a Eponil~ae; ~ata :

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Eivat <pavEpo, moe; iiv OEVa1tavtilcroWE cr' aota ta Eponil~ata, ~1t0pEi ~EV va EP~l1VEuou~E tl) 9p11crKEia KOtvroV1OAoytKa xui \jIuX0A.oyt1CU, xt o~roe; Kai v' aA.M~OU~E tl) oo~iJ tOU av9pci>1tou. o Turrl, iiv ta 9P11crKEuttKa aicr9il~ata OEV Em~<iAAovtat ~iaw. crov liv9pro1to, aAAa t' avaoEXEtat () t01Oe; Kat t' avaKpata, 1tap' 01..0 1tOV EVaVttci>vovtat crta srottKa cru~<PEpOVtUtOU, rors 1tpOKEttat acr<paA.&e;yta ~ta ~Eta~OA.iJ tlie; tOtae; tlie; oo~ile; Kai tlie; EVSpYEtae;tOu ato~ou. 'H ~acrtKiJ 9p11crKEUttKiJ iosa slvci cr' oAEe; tie; 1tatptapxlKEe; 9p11crKBiEe;it apV11ttKiJ {5\j111 tlie; YEVEtilcrtae; Em9u~iae;. Movo crtie; apxsYOVEe; a<ppoOtcrtacrttKEe; 9P11crKEtEe;o 9p11crKWttKO Kai t to OpytacrttKo crtotXEio iitav tvro~Eva. "Ornv oi xotvorvuce; opyavci>crEte;1tspacrav ano to crtaoto tOU <pucrt1'OU1'ai ~l1tPt1'OU otKaiou crtl)v 1tatptapxia 1'ai crtiJv ta~tKl) xotveovin, 1'1 Ev6t11ta ti'\e; 9p11·crKEuttKi'\e; at ti'\e; a<ppoOtcrta1'ile; A.atpEiae; Otacr1tucrt11KE' K iJ ep11crKEuttKiJ AatpEia SytVE it aVti9Ecr11 tOU a<ppOOtcrtacr~ou. "Erot 1taUEt va \)1tUPXEtit opytacrttKl) A.atpEia, 1't a<pilVEtto Spouo

avotxto crtiJ ~ap~apOt11ta t&v ~1tOPVtEArov, ti'\e; 1topvoypa<piae; 1'at tOU ayopaiou sprota. Elver, AOl1tOV,aOtOVo11tO, Ott a1to tiJ crttY~il, 1tOV ta Eprott1'a ~tci>~ata Of:V a1totEAouv ma ~tav EVOrrrru ~E tie; 9P11crKWttKf:e; A.atpEiEe;, aA.M to aVti9EtO rooc, il 9PllcrKWttKiJ OtEYEPcr11yiVEtat to U1tOKatucrtato ti'\e; xa~EV11e; xorvorvixd KaelEpro~EVTJe; itoOVt1'i'\e; fEpotEAEcrtiae;. Movo aotiJ it avti<pacrll, nov EVU1tUPXEtcrtl) 9p11crKEuttKl) OtEYEPcr11 011A.aoiJ Ott slvrn taut6xpova avtta<ppootcrtacrttKiJ r.at U1tOKatUoruro tOU u<ppootcrtacr~ou - ~1topEi va E~l1yilcrEt tiJ 8Uva~l1 Kat tl)V avtoxl) ti'\e; 9p11crKBiae;. 'H 9u~lKiJ oo~i] tOu yvilcrta 9p11crKEu6~Evou uv9pci>1tou ~1topBi va crKtaypa<p119Ei ouvroun roe; E~i'\e;: BtoAoytKU, aicr9uVEtat xt aUTOe; tiJv Evtacr11 ti'je; YEVBtilcrtae; OtSYEPO"lle; rav OAoue; roix; c anoue; av9pci>1toue; 1'at ta S(i)a. 'E1tEtOil,. o~roe;, SXEt a<po~Otci>crEt tie; avtta<ppoOtcrtaKEe; 9P11crKWttKEc; 1tapacrtucrEte; YEVtKa 1'ai iOiroe; to <p6~0 ti'\e; tt~ropiae;, EXEt XUcrEt tiJv Ixuvomrc tile; <pucrtKi'je;YEVEtilcrtae; OtEYEpcrlle;xni itoOVt1'i'\e; an6A.aucr11e;. 'Yno<pspet A.Ol1tOVano Ilta XP6vta crro~att1'i] vneeodyeea'Y/, nov slvci cruvExme; avaYKacr~svoe; va KataOallusEt. 'H E1tiYEta EOtuXia tOU slvci dnpootrr], Oxt uovo, aAAu tOU <paiVEtat ~<iAtcrta Ott OEV slvct Kav Em9ull11til. MUI Kat 1tEPt~EVEt tiJ 9eta XUp11 crov 0),,1..0 1'6cr~0, ava1ttucrcrBt to aicr911~a, moe; slvut o.y["avor; ya evrvx~aet orov 1'6cr~0 rotrro. 'E1tEtoil, o~roe;, slvor smo ~toAOytKO Kat OEVunopst ~E xcvsvo rpono v« 1tapatt119Ei a1to tl)v BOtuxia, to ~Eoro~a Kai 1:iJv itoovil, avas11tu tl) cpaY7:aa7:l"TJ EUOatuovtn, 1tOV tOU 1tOpisouv of 9P11crKEUttKoi neo'Y/OOY'"o/, epE9touot, 011A.aoiJta yvrocrtU ~ae; <pUtt1'UpEU~ata xt EpEeicr~ata tOU crci>~atOe;.Ttuuro, ~asi ~E tOve; aOEA.<pOVe; mcrtOve; <pttUXVEtvcooc, crtOA.icr~ata xt at~6cr<patpEe;, 1tOV tOU ~EAa<pprovouv tl) crro~attKl) sVtacr11 Kai tOU a1tOKpU~OUVcruvu~a tl)v npay~attKil 1:11e; pucr11. < "Erot, a1to ~toA.OytKiJ avuYK11 tOU opyavtcr~ou rou 1'atacrKwUsEt Eva E1'KA11crtacrttKOopyavo, to ap~ovto, 1tOV of iixOt rou npoxuA.OUV aota ta pEU~ata crtO crm~a. To ~ucrt11PtaKo ~tcro<protO ti'\e; eKKA.11criae; EVtEiVEttl)v EVtU1trocr11 tae; U1tEp<pUcrtKi'\e; ~ aicr9avtL1'Ot11tU<; crta crro91Ka tOll av9pci>1tou, nov OOVOUVtat crtOUe; llxoue; EVOe;1'11puy~atOe;, ~tae; xoprooiae;, 1'tA..

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·0 9pl101CElYttKo<;dv9pco1t0<; Elvat cr'tTtV1tpay~a'ttK6'tll'ta 'tEAEiCO<; d1tpayoc;, yta't1. it Ka'ta1tVt~ll 'tf\<; YEVE'tftma<; 6p~f\<; roo, 'tol) EXEt acpatpscrEt 1ttd. 'tTt ouva~ll 'tf\<; EO'tUXia<; Ka1. 'tTt CPUcrtKft'tOU E1tt9E'ttK6'tll'ta ~1tpo<;. cr'td. E~1t6ota 'tf\<; I;;cof\<;."Erot a~ftxavo<; xt a~oft911't0<;, Etvat avaYKacr~svo<; va 1ttcr'tEUEt cr'tt<; \)1tEpcpucrtKE<; ouva~Et<;, 1tOU 'tOY avaKpa'tol)v Kat 'tOY xpocrctsooov, Ka'taAa~aiVOU~E, AOt1t6v, yta't1. crE 6ptcr~sVE<; 1tEptcr'tacrEt<; ~1topEi v' aVa1t'tU~Et ~tav a1ticr'tEU'ta cr9EVapTt 1ticr'tll, 1tOU cp'taVEt (])(; 'tTtV a'tp6~1l'tll aV'tt~E'tro1ttcrT) 'tol) 9ava'tou. 'AV'tAEi 'to cr9svo<; all'tO a1tO 'tOY EpCO'ta 'tOU cr'tTt~ iota rou 'tTt 9pllcrKEU'ttKTt 1ticr'tT), 1tOU cruvooEuE'tat dAACOcr'tEa1to EV'tOVOU<;tooVtcr'ttKOU<; crco~a'ttKou<; i epE91cr~OU<;.ITtcr'tEUEt, cpumKa, o'tt 'to cr9svo<; rou slvrn «9E6cr'taA'to». OR 1tEpi1ta9T) vocr'taAyia 'tol) 9wI) Elvat cr'tTtV 1tpay~a'ttK6'tll'ta 6 1t690<;, 1tOUYEWtS'tat a1to 'tTt cptAftoovll YEvE'tftcrta OtSYEPon, 1tOU a1tOl;;ll'tn 'tTt ~E9ucr'ttKTt 1tapaAucrT) 'tf\<; ftOovf\<;. OR «AUrpoxm» AOt1tOV Elvat oOcrtacr'ttKcl it avaKoucptcrT) 'tf\<; acp6Pll'tll<; crco~a'ttKf\<; 01tEPSV'tacrll<;, 1tOU itoovil;;Et uovo, ocro YEwaEt 'tTtv 'l'EUoaicr9T)crll ~tn<; ~ucr'ttKf\<; EPCO'ttKf\<;EVCOcrT)<; 'to 9E6. OR ~E 'tacrll 'tillv cpava'ttKillv 9pT)crK6All1t'tcov, v' aO'to~acravil;;ov'tat Kat v' aO'tOKaKrovov'tat ~aI;;OXtcr'ttKd. E1tt~E~atrovEt 'ta AEYO~Eva ~OU. !R KAtVtKiI YEvE'tftma olxovoutc EXEt OEi~Et, o'tt it ~avia 'tol) oap~Ol) i1 't0l) aO'tOKoAacr~ol) ~E1tT)MEt U1tO'tTtV 6p~s~cpu'tT) e1tt9u~ia Tfj, nc'JOvtufj, a:vaUOVCPU1?]t; wett; neOaWTCtufJ e!J()VV?]. "Orav 'to x d'to~o aicr9avE'tat aviK:avo va 1tE'tUXEt eVEPya 'tTtV 1t09T)'tTt uvaKOUcptcrT),it crco~a'ttKft ron 01tEpsv'tacrT) OEV unopst 1tapa va 'tol) OTJ~toUPYftcrEt 1tapacr'tacrEt<; oap~ol) Kat ~acravtcr~ol). 'Eoro ~piO1CE'tatit pil;;a 't'f\<;iowAoyia<; 'trov 1ta9rov Ka9E yvftma<; 9pT)crKEia<;. OR Ecrco'tEptKiI oucr1tpayia Kat 'to crco~a'ttKo uupropto YEvvnv 'tTtV uvaYKT) 1tapTJYoptn<;, 'tTtV e1tt9u~ia va ~pE9Ei Eva e~co'tEptKo cr'tftpty~a! 1tOUva ~0T)9ftcrEt 'tOY liv9pco1to v' uv'ttcr'ta9Ei cr'tt<;1tOVllPE<; 6p~s<; roe, va ~opKicret «'tTt crapKtKTt u~ap'tia», 'to «oai~ova 'tf\<; onpxo;». "Oruv, AOt1tOV, of 9PllcrKEuO~EVOt ~E 'til ~oft9Eta 'tillv 9Pl101CEu'ttKrov roo; cpav'tamrocrEcov cp'tacrouv crE crco~a'ttKTt 01tEPOtsYEPcrll, ouva~rovEt EV'tO<;roo; 6 CPU'ttKO<; epE9tcr~o<;, ft cr1tapycocrT),1tOUcp'taVEt cr'ta opta 'tol) opyacr~ol), xcopi<; o~co<; vd CPSPEt 'tTtV 1tpay).l.a'ttKTt crco~a'ttKiI EK't6vcocrll. ESpOU~E U1tO 'tTt 9Epa1tEia

lippcocr'tcov 1ta1taocov, o'tt cr'to Kopucpco~a 'tf\<; 9PllcrKEU'ttKf\<; EKcr'tacrft<; 'tOU<;cru~~aivav 1tOAUcruxva uKoucrtE<; eKcr1tEp~a'trocrEt<;. OR KaVOVtKTtftOOVtKTtu1tOAaucrll 'tOl) opyacr!lOl) uV'ttKa'tacr'taivE'tat ~'Eva YEVtKO crco~a'ttKo epE9tcr~o, 1tOU U1tOKAEiEt IlEV 'to cr~i~tIlO 'trov YEWT)'ttKillv opyavcov uAM CPSPVEtaKoumou<;, ouu1t'tO)lla'ttKOU<;'taxa, ftOOVtKOU<; r1tacr~ou<;. c '0 ucppOOtcrtaKo<; olcrpoc l'j'tav upxtKcl Kat CPUcrtKa'to KaA6, 'to ropaio, ft EMat~ovia 1tOUEVCOVE liv9pco1to !lE 'tTt cpucrll. "Otuv 'tOY otacr1tacr'tllKE 'to ucppooimo Kat 'to 9PT)crKEU'ttKOatcr9T)lla, ft YEvE'tftma 6p!lTt EytVE Ka't' uvaYKT) 'to KaKo oawovto, ft K6AacrT). vExco e1ttXEtpftcrEt Kt UAAOI)va E~T)yftcrCO, 1t&<;YEVVtS'tat Kat 1tro<; e1tEVEpYEiit ~c'Jovocpof3[ait «uCPtAlloovim>, OllAaOTt 6 cp6~0<; 'tOU YEVE'tftcrtoU epE9tcr~0l). 'E1tavaAa~~avco cruv'to~a: Av9pco1tot, 1tOUslvct uviKaVot v' uvaKoucpicrouv 'tTt crco~a'ttKft roix; OtSYEpcrT), OEV unopst 1tapa IlE 'tOY xutpo va· vtffi90uv ~acraVtcr'ttKS<;, uvu1t6CPOPE<;, ~ou9EVCO'ttKE<; YEvE'tftmE<; 6p~s<;. ITpaY!la'tt 6 YEVEE 'tt<; 'tftcrto<; epE9tcr~0<; EtVat ~acravo !lEyaAo, o'tav OEV e1tt'tpS1tE'tat it itOOVtKft rou McrT). BAE1tOUIlE, AOt1tOV, o'tt it 9PT)crKEU'ttKi] 1tPOAT)'I'T),mo<; it YEvE'tftcrta 6p~i] slvcr ~ta Ota~OAtKi] E~OV'tCO'ttKi] OUVallT),EXEt 'ti<; pil;;E<;'tll<; crE 1tpay~a'ttKE<; crcolla'ttKE<;.OtEPyacriE<;. ITpS1tEt E1t0IlSVCO<; OtXacr'tEi ft cr'tacrT) ~a<; a1tEVaVn va orov aCPPOOtcrtacrll6' of 'tU1ttKa 9PT)crKEU'ttKE<; at Tj9tKE<; a~toK A.OyftcrEt<; «KaAO<;»- «KaK6<;», «E1tOUpaVto<;»- «E1tiYEto<;»,«9Eio<;» : -«Ota~OAtK6<;», K'tA. yivov'tat cru~~oAa 'tf\<; EPCO'ttKf\<; U1tOAaucrT)<; a1tO 'ti] Ilta, Kat 'tf\<; 'ttllcopia<; 'tT)<;U1tO 'ti]v liAArj. 'R ~a9ta E1tt9u~ia 'tf\<; EK-AUcrT)<; xui 'tf\<; M'tpcocrT)<; avvedj?]ra a1tO 'tt<; «Ullap'tiE<;», vnoavvetc'J?]Ta a1tO 'ti] YEVE'tftma \)1tEpSV'tacrT), a1tocro~Ei'tat 'tau'toxpova. OR 9PllcrKEU'ttKi] EKcr'tacrT) OEV slvn t rbtore liAAO, 1tapa ft crmipycocrT), 'to CPouv'tcolla cro CPU'ttKO VEUptKO crucr'tT)lla 'tf\<; YEvE'tftcrta<; 6PIlf\<;, 1tOU OE ~picrKEt 1tO'tE 'tilv ftOOVtKft 'tT)<; 1tAftprocrT). Xcopk; alHiI 'til xapaK'tllPtcr'ttKi] aV'ticpacrT)ft 9PllcrKEU'ttKi] OtEYEpcrT)OEVeIvat ouva'to va yiVEtKa'taAT)1t'tft. O\5'tEKat va l)1tEPVtK1l9Ei. !lEV Elvat uovo uV'ttacpPootcrta~ Kft, uAM xni crE IlEyaAO ~a91l0 ucpPOOtmaKft. !lEV elvm uovo Tj9tKft, uAM cruyXPovco<; ~a9u'ta'ta «1tapa cpucrtv», Kat U1tO 'ti] crK01tta 'til<; YEVE'tftma<; otxovouicc uV9UytEtVft.
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oro 8e6. 'H 1timll oro SeO upXiset va ptsroVet crtT]V 'l'uxi] roix, cl1tO tT] crtlYJ.LT]1tOU 1tpSltet va J.LuSOUV Katu1tviyouv tT] yeVeti]crta OtSyepcri] roo; xui va J.LT]v va. uuvuviSovtat. Tore apxisouv va. <pof3of)VtUt tT]v itoovi]. Tors upxisouv va. moreuoov 1tpuYJ.LUnKa crtO 8e6, va tOV <pof3oUvtat crav 1tavtoyvrocrtTJ xui 1tuv6lttTJ, UA.A.atuut6XPovu va. tOV 1tUpUKIlA.iiVe va. ta 1tpocrtatS'I'et UltO tTJV iOw tT] yeVeti]crtU Otsyepcri] roix. ~OA.' (l.tJ'ta. EXOUVtT] A.et'toupyfu, v' cl1tOtpS'I'0uv tOV covcvicrJ.L6.Oi 8PTJcrKwtlKSe; 1tupacrtacrete; dpa BJ.L<pUteUOVtat rtT]v 1tPWc tTJ 1tUtOtKT] TJA.tKiu. Llf: sa. unopotouv OJ.Looe; xaA.tvuyooyi]crouv va tT] yeVeti]mu 6pJ.LT]tOU 1tatOtoU, liv of: cruvOSOVtUV J.Lf: J.LOp<pT] tT] tOU ltUtSpu Kai tf\e; J.LTJtspae;."Onoio; Of:VtlJ.Lii tOV 1tUtSPU, elvct uJ.LaptooA.6e;, J.Lf:uA.A.a A.6yw, 01tOtoe; of: <pof3atUt tOV 1tUtSPU xui 1tUpUoiOetUt crtie; crapKtKSe; tOU EmSuJ.Liee;, tlJ.Looptetut. '0 soovtuv6e;, uucrtTJp6e;, U1tuyopWtT]e; 1tutepUe; slvm J.Lscra crtT] euvtnctn tOU 1tatOtoU 0 sK1tp6croo1toe; tOU Seau e1ti yf\e; Kai to SKteA.ecrtlK6 tOU opyuvo. '0 cref3ucrJ.LOe;OU 1tUtSPU UJ.LUUpWVetUtf3ef3uw KuSme; t f3A.S1tetKuveie; tie; uOUVUJ.Liee;OU Kui tT]v uvSPO)1ttVTJ UVe1tapKetU t tOU, J.La.t J.LOp<pi]OU J.LSVetcrtT] <puvtucria crav u<pTJPTJJ.LSVTJ i t uuornptUKT] 1tUpucrtucrTJ tOU Seau. "Onox; it ltUtptUPXiu SmKUA.e!tat to SeO Kui eVVOe! tT]V 1tpaYJ.LUtlKT] 1tatptKT] s~oucriu, Btm Kai to ltatoi svvod tOV 1tpaYJ.LatlKO 1tutspa, otUV A.Set «Oeoc». Msou crtT]V 'l'UXtKT] OOJ.LT] 1tatOtOu it yeVeti]ma OtsyepcrTJ, it slxovc tOU 'wfi :rtadea xci it elxovo 7:013 Oe013 crXTJJ.LatiSOUVJ.Ltav tv6tlltU. Aero, KUta tT] OUipKetU J.Ltae; Sepa1teiue;, to f3A.S1tOUJ.Le XetpOmucrta crtT] crlJcr1tUcrTJtrov yeVV11tlKroV J.LUwvoov. ·OtUV A.USe! UUtT] i] crucr1tacrTJ, U1tOxrope! KUta xovovc Kui it 1tapacrtucrTJ tOU SeOU Kai 6 <p6f30e;tOU 1tUtSpu. 'H crucr1tucrTJ trov yeVVTJtlKroV J.LUwvoovupu OTJA.WVeto <pucrtoA.OytKO pisooJ.LUtOU SPTJcrKWtlKOU t <p6f3ou J.Lscra crtT]V 'l'UXtKTJ OOJ.LT] cruYXP6vooe; OTJJ.LtoUpye!tT]V Kai

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