MILE>QTH EPf ALIA KAI KE<I>AAAIO

KAPAMAPS

MIL8QTH EPr ALIA KAI KEcpAAAIO

~YrXPONH EIIOXH

A8HNA2010

ISBN 978-960-451-095-5

© LUYXQOVTJ Erroxi) Ex()onxi) AEBE

L6A.wvo~ 130, 106 81 A8i)va, TTJA..: 2103320800, Fax: 2103813354 http.zwww.sep.gr.e-mall: info@sep.gr

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H JtaQaX(ltW EQyaoLa brll..lOOLEUtllXE ue tll !..lOQCPi) !..lLa~ OELQa~ XUQLWV aQ8Qwv orn Nea Ecp'f/flEQioa rov PrlVOV 1, cno n~ 4 rou AJtQLI ... ll1849 XaL !..lEta. Ltll ~aoll tll~ EXEL n~ bLaA.t~EL~, nou ELXE xavEL 0 MaQ~ to 1847 ow fEQ!..laVLXO EQYUTLXO LUAAOYO tWV BQU~EAAWV. H bll!..lOOLEUOi) tll~ bE OU!..lJtAllQw8llXE. To «AXOAou8EL OUVEXELa», Oll!..lELW!..lEVO ow tEAO~ tOU aQ8Qou rrou bll!..lOOLEUEtaL OtO CPUAAO aQL8. 269, bEV !..lJtOQEOE va JtQaY!..lUToJtoLll8EL coto rc cotcvorrc tore YEyoVOta, tnv etoooo tWV PWOWV ornv O'UyyaQLa, n~ E~EYEQOEL~ ern ~QEobll, oro 'I~EQAOV, OtO 'EA!..lJtEQCPEAVt, OtO IIaAanvatO XaL ow Mnnvrev, JtOU JtQoxaAEOav to XAELOL!..lO tll~ LbLa~ tll~ ECPll!..lEQLba~ (19 tOU Mall 1849). To XELQOYQacpo a'Uti)~ tll~ O'UVEXELa~ bE ~QE8llXE ow YQacpta JtOU aCPllOE 0 MaQ~.

H Mw8wrrl eovaoia xca Kepasaio ~yi)XE OE JtOAAE~ EXMOEL~ ocv ~EXWQWtO EVtUJtO us tll !..loQCPi) !..lJtQooouQa~. TEAEUtaLa ~yi)XE to 1884 oro Xotrvvxev - Z'UQLXll, OtO EA~Enxo ouvermotonxo tuJt0YQacpELo. OL w~ to tWQa evetuJtWOEL~ JtEQLELxaV to aXQL~E~ xUTa AE~ll xstusvo tOU rrocororunou, H Oll!..lEQLVi) O!..lW~ vEa cvctumoon JtQOXELtaL va XUXAOCPOQi)OEL cov JtQoJtayavbwnxo cpuAAabLO OE 0XL ALYOtEQa cno 10.000 cvrtrunc, XL EtOL EJtQEJtE va uou tE8d to EQwtll!..la, av xatw aJt' a'UtE~ n~ O'UV8i)XE~, 0 LbLO~ 0 MaQ~ 8a EmboXL!..la~E !..lLa avaAAOLwtll xUTa A.t~ll «nocoon tOU XEL!..lEVOU.

1. H NEa E({JTJf1EQiDa rov PJjvov E~ym VE cno T1']V 11'] TOll Iouvn 1848 w~ n~ 19 TOll MU1']1849 ornv KOAWVLU. AQXWUVTUXT1']~ T1']~ i]Tuv 0 MUQ~. (J:TJIL J:vvr.)

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Ltll b£XaEtLa 1840 - 1850 0 MaQ~ b£v dX£ oxou« aJWJt£QatwOH rnv KQltLxi] rou tll~ IIoAltLxi]~ OLXOVO!!La~. Auto £YLV£ !!ovaxa JtQo~ to t£AO~ tll~ b£XaEtLa~ (1850- 1860). I'i.' ouro rc £Qya tou, rrou j)yi]xav JtQLV cno to JtQwto teuXo~ tll~ KQmla7~ Tr}~ nOAmU'l]~ OLUOVOI-l{a~ (1859), noQ£XXALVO'UV O£ !!£QLxa onueto cno r« £Qya rrou YQa<ptllxav cno to 1859 XaL uotsoo, Jt£QL£X0'UV £x<PQaoH~ XaL OAOXAllQ£~ <PQaoH~, nou «no rnv aJto'\jJll torv XatOJtLVWV £Qyoov, <paL VOVtaL aotox£~ i] oxouo XaL Aa8£!!£v£~. Et Val, AOLnov, cutovonto ou otu; 0'UVll8LO!!£V£~ £XMOH~ noo noooQLl;ovtaL YLa 6AO to XOL v6, £XH tll 8£Oll tll~ XL auti] II rtoonYOU!!£Vll aJto'\jJll, noo Jt£QL£XEtaL ornv Jtv£u!!anxi] «vomu~ll tOU oUYYQa<p£a, on t600 0 oUYYQa<p£a~ 600 XaL to XOLv6 £X0'UV ava!!<pwj)i]tllto bLxaLoo!!a ornv avaAAoLootll evetuJtOOOll mrrorv tcov JtaAL6t£QOOv £QYOOv. KaL b£ 8a !!OU 'QX6- rev note oro YOU, v' ana~(!) eotoi XaL !!La A£~ll 0' ouro.

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OL tQOJtOJtOLi]OH~ !!OU £JtLX£VtQwvo'UV 6A£~ YUQOO nrto Eva onueto. LU!!<poova ue to noorroruno, 0 £Qyatll~ JtouAa

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crov x£cpaAaLOxQUtll, yw to Ilw86 £QyaaLa~, rnv eovaota tou, LUIlCPwva ue to tWQLv6 xetuevo JtOUAU rnv EQyaWU] TOV c5vvafJ,l1. KaL yw rnv rconorrotncn autil XQwatw Ilw £~i1Yllall. E~i1YllOll oroix £QyUt£~, yw va bouv 6tL oev JtQ6- X£LtaL £bw Ilovuxa yw tOY £~OVUXWIl6 IlLa~ AE~ll~, aAAu IlUAAOV YLa Eva «no to mo allllaVtLXU allllda oMxAllQll~ tll~ JtoALtLxiI~ oixovoutoc. E~i1Yllall otoix coroix, yw va unooeoouv va Jt£WtOUV nooo JtoAu umQEXouv OL a1l6QCPWtoL £QyUt£~, nou [.tJtoQd xavd~ va tOU~ XUV£L ue euxoALa xcmvonre; n~ mo MaxoA£~ OLXOVOIlLXE~ £~llYila£L~, cno tOU~ '\jJllAOIlUt£~ «IlOQCPWIlEVOU~» Ila~, YLa tOU~ OJtOLOU~ JtaQallEvoUV uAuta YLa 6All tOU~ rn ~wil tEtOW oroixpvu ~lltilllata.

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H JtoALtLxiI oixovouto BQLax£L to y£yov6~ on OL nllE~ 6Awv tWV £[.tJtOQ£UIlUtWV, «vcueoo a' autu XaL II nllil tOU £[.tJtoQ£ullato~ nou to oVOIlU~£L «eovootc», aAAa~ouv oxcrcncucto, on av£BaL vouv XaL JtEcptOUV £~aL tLa~ AoYil~ -1.0-

2. « ... ME tov ooo xAumx:tj JtOALtLXn OLXOV0I-lLU -YQUCPEL 0 MUQ~ CJtO Keqasau»: EWOW OAfl tnv JtOAL tLXn OLXOV0I-lLU cno tov XaLQo ron Ou"CALaI-l IlEtL, rtou EQEUVU tnv ECJwtEQLXn CJUVUCPELU tWV uCJtLXWV JtUQUYWYLXWV CJXECJEWV». (K. MUQ~, To KEcpaAaw, JtQWtoI; tOI-lO~, I-lEQO~ 10, UJtOCJfll-lELWCJfl uQL8. 32). OL mo OLUXEXQLI-lEVOL EXJtQOCJWJtOL tfl~ xAumXn~ JtoAmXn~ OLXOVOI-lLU~ ornv AYYALU rrtov 0 A. LI-lL8 XOL 0 Nt. PLXUQVto. (Lrl/.1.. LVvr.).

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Yrl~ JtEQ LOtanXWv, JtOU ouxva OEV EXOUV xa~ua 0XEOTl ~E rnv XataOXEUrl ton LOWU tOU E~OQEU~ato~, EtOL JtOU OL n~E~, XaVOVLXa, cpaL vetru on xa80QL~OVtm aJto xa8aQrl OU~tWOTl. Otcv o~w~ Tl JtOALnXrl OLXOVO~La E~cpaVLOtTlXE ocv mwtrl~Tl3, Eva cno rc JtQWta tTl~ xa8rlxovta nrov ve BQEL to VO~O Jtou xQuBotav JtLOW an' aUtrl tTl ou~twOTl, ou~JttWOTl nou qxuvouevix« xUQLaQxd Jtavw on~ n~E~ tWV E~JtoQEu~atWV, EVW OtTlV JtQay~anxotTlta auto~ 0 LOW~ 0 VO~O~ xUQWQXOUOE Jtavw tTl~. Mso« on~ oLaQxw~, JtOtE JtQo~ tu nrrvoi, JtOtE JtQo~ rc xatw, XU~aLVO~EVE~ xm taAavtEuO~EVE~ n~E~, ava~TltouOE to Ota8EQo XEVtQLXO onueto, rro» YUQw rou ouvtexoovt«i autE~ OL owxu~avoEL~ XaL rc oxa~avEBao~ata. ME ~La AESTl SEXL VTlOE cno ru; tiIlt~ tWV E~OQEu~atWV, YLa v« ava~TltrlOEL co Qu8~wnxo tOU~ VO~O rnv a;ia rou E~OQEu~atO~ nou E~EAAE va ESTlYrlOEL OAE~ n~ owxu~avOEL~ tWV n~wv xm rrou 0' autrl 8a 'JtQmE tEALxa v« avax80uv sava OAE~.

H XAaOLXrl JtOALnXrl otxovouto BQrlXE, AOLJtOV, on Tl aSLa EVO~ E~OQEU~atO~ xa8oQL~nm cno rnv EQyaoLa nou xQuBnaL ~Eoa 0' outo, cno rnv EQyaoLa nou anaL ret trn YLa tnv JtaQaywYrl rou, AQXEOtTlXE ~E rn OrlAWOTl aUtrl. Krn E~d~ ~OQOU~E JtQoowQLva v« orcuorrioooue EOW. I'ur va JtQoAaBw ~ovaxa JtaQESTlYrlOEL~, 8EAW v« 8U~LOW on Tl OrlAWOTl autrl etvoi mo Orl~EQa OMtEAa avmaQxrl~. IIQwto~ o MaQs EsEtaOE xata M8o~ tTlV LOLOtTlta tTl~ EQyaoLa~ v«

3. «A V XaL T] nOALnxrj OLXOVO[!LU Yfvvrj6T]Xf «no [!fYUAOCPUrj XfCPUALU oro lEAT] lOU 170u aLWVU, fLVaL coorooo, ue IT] otevoteon EVVOLU, ern 6nLxrj OLaL1JJ1warj IT]~ crto toix CPUCJLoxQuw; XaL lOV AVLa[! L[!L6, OUCJLuauxu naLOL lOU 180u nuovc ... » (<I>. 'EVYXfA~, H avarQomj rTlC; EJrWrTI/J.TlC; ano rovxvQw OtYXfV Ntioivv», EXOOaT] M6axu~ 1946, afA. 183-184). (.l'TJI.l. .l'vvr.)

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<')'rU..llOuQyd a~la XaL BQtlXE on xa8E EQyaala, rro» d VaL qxnVO~EVLxa tl XaL nQay~anxa avayxala YLa rnv naQayooytl EVO~ E~OQEu~atO~, C>EV nQoa8EtEL a' auto LO E!J,J1:oQEu~a a' OAE~ tu; nEQLJttwaEL~ Eva OQW~EVO ~EYE80~ a~la~, cvuatOLXO ~E to rrooo EQyaala~ rrou xatavaAw8l]xE. 'EWL av atl~EQa AE~E oQ8a xocpta, onoo~ XaL OL oixovouoxovor oov tOY PLxaQvLO, on l] n~tl EVO~ E~oQEu~aLO~ xa80Ql~naL cno rnv EQyaala nou etvoi avayxata yw rnv naQayooytl LOU, tore unovoooue naVLa n~ EJtLcpuAa~EL~ nou ExaVE 0 MaQ~. Aurc ooxoov EC>W. Ta unoAOLna BQlaxovtaL aLOV MaQ~, ornv KQmx'tj in; Ilos: waj~ Oixovouiai; (1859) XaL aLOV nQwto tO~O tOU Keqasoiou

MOAL~ ouo»; OL oixovouoxovo, EcpaQ~o~av rnv aQXtl on l] a~la xa80Ql~ELaL cno rnv EQyaala oro E~OQEU~a «EQyaala», EmcptaV nrto rn ~La cvrkpcon ornv aAAl]. I1w~ xa- 80Ql~naL l] a~la tl]~ «EQyaala~»; Arto rnv avayxala EQyaala nou xQuBnaL a' cutnv. Iloon EQyaala ouo»; XQUBEtaL ~Eaa ornv EQyaala EVO~ EQyatl], ornv EQyaala ~w~ ~EQa~, ~w~ Bc>o~Ma~, EVO~ urrvo, EVO~ XQovou; KQuBnaL l] EQyaala ~w~ ~EQa~, ~w~ Bc>o~Ma~, EVO~ ~tlva, EVO~ XQovou. Av l] EQyaala etvoi LO ~EtQO OAOOV tcov a~Lwv, tore tnv «a~la tl]~ EQyaala~» ~OQOU~E va rnv EXCPQaaou~E aXQLBw~ ~E EQyaala. ~EV ~EQOU~E O~oo~ anOA1Jtoo~ unoro yw rnv a~la ~La~ wQa~ EQyaala~, OLaV ~EQOU~E ~ovaxa on ElVaL ton ~E ~La~ wQa~ EQyaala. 'EWL C>EV nAl](JLa~OU~E outs xata ~La tQlxa aLO oxono, nEQWtQEcpo~aatE C>LaQXw~ yuQOO a' ivo» XUXAO.

H XAaaLXtl nOALtLXtl OLXOVO~la nQoana8l]aE, AOLnov, va rnv E~l]ytlaEL ~E ivo» aAAO toone. Etns: l] a~la EVO~ E~OQEu~aLO~ d VaL lal] ~E ro E~oc>a naQayooytl~ LOU. I10La El VaL o~oo~ rc E~oc>a naQayooytl~ tl]~ EQyaala~; Ito V' anavrnoouv a' auto LO EQWtl]~a OL oixovouoxovo; dVaL uno-

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XQEW!!EVOL vc EI;aox:r)oouv Al yo Bla rravw OTTI AOYLXiJ. AVTl~ to Es06a rraQaywyiJ~ TlJ~ l6La~ TlJ~ EQyaola~, non 6UOTUXw~ 6EV unooow va BQE80vv, EsETa~ouv note d vet to ESOSo. rraQaywyiJ~ TOU eovatn. KL aUTa BQloxovTm. Ana~ouv ov!!<pwva !!E TlJV EJtOxiJ xm tu; OUV8iJXE~, YLa !!La O!!W~ 60- O!!EVlJ XOL vwvLXiJ xcrcorcon, YLa Eva 600!!EVO rono, YLa Eva 600!!EVO xA660 rraQaywyiJ~, d vor EJtlOlJ~ 600!!EVa, TOUAaxwTO !!EOa OE aQxETa OTEva ooco, ZoV!!E oiJ!!EQa xrmo cno TlJV xUQLaQXla TlJ~ xEcpaAmoxQanxiJ~ rraQaywyiJ~, onou uio !!EyaAlJ, 6LaQxw~ aUsaVO!!EVlJ TaSlJ TOU rrAlJ8uO!!OV !!JtoQd va ~EL !!ovaxa orcv EQya~ETm YLa Eva !!w80 EQyaola~, YLa TOU~ XatOXou~ TWV !!EOWV rraQaywyiJ~: EQyaAdwv, !!lJxavwv,rrQwTwvuAwvxm TQOCPl!!WV. I1avWOTlJ BaolJ auTOv TOU roono» rraQaywyiJ~ rc Es06a rraQaywyiJ~ TOU EQyaTlJ arroTEAovvTm ono TO nooo Exd vo OE !!EOa ouVTiJQlJOlJ~ - iJ cno TlJ XQlJ!!anxiJ TOU~ n!!iJ - rrou d vet xata !!EOO ooo avayxala, YLa va TOV xovouv ixovo YLa EQyaola, YLa va TOV 6LatlJQovv ixcvo YLa eovcoto xm YLa vc TOV cvuxcrcorrioouv !!E Evav aAAo EQyaTlJ OTlJV JtEQlmWOlJ arroxwQlJoiJ~ TOU A6yw lJALXla~, aQQwona~ iJ 8avaTOu, 6lJAa6iJ YLa vc 6LaTlJQiJoouv TlJV EQyanxiJ TaslJ OTlJ XQELa~ov!!EVlJ aQL8!!lJnxiJ Mva!!lJ. A~ rraQa6EXTOV!!E on lJ XQlJ!!anxiJ n!!iJ nutorv TWV !!EOWV OUVTiJQlJOlJ~ d vet xata !!EOO ooo TQla !!aQxa TlJ !!EQa.

o EQyaTlJ~ !!a~ rralQVEL, AOLrrov, urto TOV xEcpaAmoxQaTlJ nou TOV arraoxoAd, Eva !!w80 TQla !!aQxa TlJ !!EQa. 0 XEcpaAmoxQaTlJ~ TOV B<X~EL YL' aUTa to TQla !!aQxa va 60uH'ljJEL, a~ rrOV!!E, 6w6Exa WQE~ TlJ !!EQa, xm xaVEL TOV ncooxaTw AoyaQLaO!!o:

A~ urr08EOOU!!E on 0 EQyaTlJ~ !!a~ - nou d vrn !!lJxavouQYo~ - EXEL XataOXEuaoEL Eva T!!iJ!!a EVO~ !!lJxaviJ!!aTO~ nou TO OAOXAlJQWVEL !!EOa OE !!La !!EQa. H rrQwTlJ VAlJ - ot-

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6EQO xm !AJtQ01lVt~oS; ornv avayxala JtQOXatEQyaa!J,EVlj !J,OQCPi) - atOLXl~El 20 !J,uQxa. H XataVUAWalj tljS; cruounxavi)s; oe xUQ~o'UVo, lj cp80Qu auti)s; tljS; l6Las; tljS; oruounxavi)s;, tou roovou xm tWV UAAWV EQyaAdwv, !J,E rc onotc EQyu~Etm 0 EQYUtljS; !J,as;, as; UJt08E<JOU!J,E OtL ovrcroootoJtE1l0'UV YLa !J,La !J,EQa oro !J,EQtLXO tou tnv a!;la t ucoxou 0 !J,w80S; EQyaalas; YLa !J,La !J,EQa dvm, a1l!J,cpwva !J,E rnv unoBeen non xovcue, 3 !J,uQxa. OAa autu !J,a~l xovouv YLa to xO!J,!J,UtL tljS; !J,ljxavi)s; nou avacpEQa!J,E 24 !J,uQxa. 0 xerpoAmoxQUtljS; o!J,WS; UJtOAOYl~ElOtL YL' auto JtalQVEl xatu !J,Eco ooo !J,La tL!J,i) 27!J,uQxwv coto toix JtEAUtES; rou, 6ljAa6i) 3 !J,uQxa nrrvco ono to E!;06a nou excve.

Ano Jt01l JtQOEQXOVtm autu rc 3 !J,uQxa nou roenowa o xEcpaAmoxQUtljS;; L1l!J,cpwva !J,E tOY LaxuQw!J,o tljS; xAaaLxi)s; JtOAL tLxi)s; oixovoutcc, rc E!AJtoQE1l!J,ata JtwA01lVtm xctU ueoo ooo cr«; a!;lES; tOUS;, 6ljAa6i) oe tL!J,ES; nou ovnatOLX01lV ore avayxala noon EQyaalas; no» ~Qlaxovtm !J,Eco a' autu rc E!AJtoQE1l!J,ata. H uson tL!J,i) tou xO!J,atL01l tljS; !J,ljxavi)s;-27!J,uQxa-8a 'rev, AOLJtOV, lalj!J,E tljVa!;la rou, lalj !J,E tnv EQyaala nou xQ1l~Etm a' auto. AJt' to 27 autu !J,uQxa o!J,WS;, rc 21!J,uQxa rrrov a!;lES; nou uJti)QXav xLoAas; nooroo 0 !J,ljXavougyoS; !J,as; D.QxlaEL va 60UAE1lEL. 20 !J,uQxa xQ1l~ovtav ueoo ornv JtQWtlj 1lAlj, l!J,uQxo oro xUQ~ouvo nou XUljXE oro 6LUatlj!J,a tljS; 60UAELUS;, i) ot«; !J,ljXaVES; xm oro EQyaAda nou XQljaL!J,oJtoLi)8ljxav xm non lj cotooonxornrc roue JtEQLOQlatljXE xatu rnv a!;la curou tOU nooou, AJtO!J,EVO'UV 6 !J,uQxa, nou JtQoatE8ljxav crnv a!;la tljS; JtQwtljS; 1lAljS;. Aurn rc E!;L !J,uQxa !AJtoQ01lV o!J,WS;, a1l!J,qxovo ue ooc JtaQa6Exovtm OL l6LOL OL oixovouoxovo« !J,as;, va JtQOEQXOVtm !J,ovuXa cno rnv EQyaala non 0 EQYUtljS; !J,as; JtQoa8EaE ornv JtQWtlj 1lAlj. H 6w6EXUWQi) rou EQyaala 6lj!J,L01lQYljaE enousvox !J,La via a!;la 6!J,uQxwv. H a!;la tljS;

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('kOOExaWQl]t; EQyaatat; LOU Oa nrcv enouevo»; tal] ~E 6 ~aQxc. KL erot Oa 'xa~E mLtO"oUt; avaxaA lJ'1jJEL, u d VaL l] «al;ta tl]t; EQyaatat;».

«Lta~ata!» cpwva~EL 0 ~l]xavoUQyot; ~at;. «'El;L ~aQxa; Eyw O~Wt; nilQa uovo tote! 0 XECPUAaLOxQatl]t; uou OQxt~£TaL ore ~ana LOU on l] al;ta tl]t; OWOExaWQl]t; EQyaatat; ~OU etvoi ~ovaxa 3 ~aQxa, XL av EYW ~l]tilaw El;L, rote Oa YEAaaEL ~a~t ~OU. nWt; aU~~L~a~£TaL curo:»

Av ~E tnv al;ta tl]t; EQyaatat; !illilXa~E now a' Evav xuXAO XWQtt; OLEl;ooo, tWQa !illAEl;a~E YLa xaAa ~Eaa oe ~La al;EOLaAUtl] ovrtqxion. Zntououus tnv al;ta tl]t; EQyaatat; XaL ~Qilxa~E JtEQwaOtEQa an' on unooooue va XQELaaLOu~E. fLa LOV EQyatl] l] al;ta tl]t; OWOExawQl]t; OOUAELat; dVaL tQta ~aQxa. Ito LOV xEcpaAaLOxQatl], El;L ~aQxa, an' ro onotc rc tQta rc nAl]QwvEL orov EQyatl] aa ~wOo XaL r' ana tQta tu roemova 0 tOWt;. 'Erot n EQyaata 010 Oa dXE iuo; ana ouo al;tEt;, rtou, En LnAEOV, o LacpEQOUV nOAu l] ~La an' tnv aAA n.

H evtupcon ytVEtaL oxouc mo naQaAOYl], ~OALt; avayaYOU~E oe EQyaaL~o XQOVO nt; al;tEt; nou EXCPQa~OVtaL ~E XQil~a. Meoc ant; OWOExa WQEt; OOUAELat; Ol]~wuQydtaL ~La VEa al;ta El;L ~aQxwv. ~l]Aaoil ~Eaa oe El;L WQEt; tQta ~aQxa - LO nooo nou natQVEL 0 EQyatl]t; YLa OWOExaWQl] OouAELa. I'ic OWOExaWQl] EQyaata naLQVEL 0 EQyatl]t; LO nootov El;L WQWV OOUAELat; ocv woMva~l] al;ta. EnO~EVWt;, il l] EQyaata EXEL OUO al;tEt;, rtou l] ~La dVaL OLnAaaLa an' tnv anl], il LO OWOExa dVaL tao ~E to El;L. Kot ant; OUO nEQLJtTWaELt; EXOU~E naQaAoyw~o.

MnoQou~E va atQLcpoyUQt~ou~E ooo OEAOU~E - an' aurnv tnv avttcpaal] OE ~yat VOU~E El;w, eqooov Oa ~LAa~E YLa ayoQa XaL nWAl]al] tl]t; EQyaatat; XaL YLa al;ta tl]t; EQyaatat;. To tow EnaOav XaL OL otxovouoxovot, H tEAEUtata ncoc-

-14-

qruuba tl]~ XAaOLXn~ nOAL nXn~ OLXOVOIl(a~, l] oxoAiJ tou PLXUQVta, vauuYl]OE OE IlEYUAO Ba81lo YLat( bEV !lJtOQEOE va AUOEL autn rnv uvttqxion. H XAamXn nOAmXn OLXOVOil(a !lJtAEXtl]XE IlEoa 0' Eva abLE!;obo. 0 uv8Qwno~ non BQnXE bLE!;obo an' auto ntov 0 KaQA MaQ!;.

Auto nou OL oixovouoxovo, 8EwQouoav E!;oba ncocywyn~ «tl]~ EQyao(a~» nrov rc E!;oba naQaywyn~ 0XL tl]~ EQyao(a~ aAAu rou (bwu tou ~WVtaVOU EQyUtl]. KL auto rcou 0 EQyUtl]~ curo; nousouoe orov xEcpaAawxQUtl] bEV nrov l] eovooto tau. «MoAL~ aQX(~EL nQaYllanxu l] EQyaoto tou - AEEL 0 MaQ!; - nauEL xLoAa~ v' aVnXEL 0' uurov, bEV IlnoQd snouevo»; v« nouAl]8d an' curov». ea unoQOUOE, AOLnov, to nOA U - nOA U v« nouA nOEL T1] fJ,fAAOvwaj ton EQyao(a, bl]Aabn vc avaAuBEL rnv unoXQEWOl], v« EXtEAEOEL Eva OQWIlEVO nooo bOUAELU~ ueoo OE OQWIlEVO XQoYo. M' auto OIlW~ bEV nouAu EQyao(a (nou 8a nQEnEL nQwto vc y(VEL), aUu 8EtEL ern bLa8EOl] tou xEcpaAmoxQUtl], YLa Eva OQLOIlEVO XQOVLXO bLUOtl]lla (otov na(QvEL IlEQOxUllata) n YLa tnv EJt( tEU!;l] IlLa~ OQLOIlEVl]~ ceroooon; EQyao(a~ (llw8o~ IlE to xOllllun), tnv EQyanxn rou Mvalll] evcvn IlLa~ OQWIlEVl]~ nAl]QWlln~: VOLXLU~EL d te nouAu T1]V foyawaj TOV DVVafJ,1]. Autn l] EQyanxn Mvalll] etvot cuvixpcouevn IlE to nooorono rou xm bE XWQ(~Etm an' auto. I'r' auto rc E!;oba naQaywyn~ tl]~ ouunurrouv IlE to bLXU rou E!;oba naQaywyn~. Auto nou OL OLXOVOIlOMYOL ovoIla~av E!;oba naQaywyn~ tl]~ EQyao(a~, d vet tc E!;oba ncQaywyn~ rou EQYUtl] xm EJtOIlEVW~ tl]~ EQyanxn~ Mvalll]~. KL erot !lJtOQOUIlE cno rc E!;oba naQaywYn~ tl]~ EQyanxn~ Mvalll]~ vc YUQ(OOUIlE otnv a;ia tl]~ EQyanxn~ Mvalll]~ xm va xa8oQ(ooUIlE to nooo tl]~ XOL VWVLXU avayxa(a~ EQyao(a~, nou anm td tnt YLa tnv naQaywYn IlLa~ EQyanxn~ Mvalll]~ OQLOIlEVl]~ nOLOtl]ta~, onw~ to 'xove 0 MaQ!; oro

-15 -

~EQO~ YLa rnv aYOQa XaL tnv JtWAljOlj Tlj~ £QyanXtl~ Mva~lj~ (To Kepasaio, TO~O~ 10~, X£cpaAaLO 40, ~EQO~ 30).

TL Y(VCTaL, AOLJtOV, orcv me 0 £QyaTlj~ EXCL JtOUAtlOCL OTOV X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj tnv £QyanXtl TOU Mva~lj, OljAaOtl orcv tnv EX£L OEO£L otn OLaOWlj TOU X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj YLa Eva JtQoou~CPWVlj~EVO ~L(JOO - ~£QOXa~aTO tl JtAljQW~tl ue TO xouurrn: 0 X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj~ OOljYc( TOV £QyaTlj OTO £QyaOTtlQL TOU tl OTO £QYOOTaOLO TOU, OJtOU UJtaQX0'UV XLOAa~ OAa tc cvnxetuevc JtOU c( VaL anaQa( tntc YLa tn OOUACLa, JtQWT£~ 1JA£~, ~OljOljnXE~ 1JA£~ (xaQ~O'UVO, XQw~aTa XAn.) £QyaA£(a, ~ljxavE~. Eow 0 £QyaTlj~ aQxtl;£L vc OOUA£1J£L. To ~£QOXa~aTO TOU a~ Jt01J~£ on c( VaL, oJtw~ XaL mo novro, 3 ~aQxa -XaL c( VaL aOLaCPOQO av rc x£QO(~£L ue Tlj ~oQCPtl TOU ~£QOXa~aTOU tl JtAljQW~tl~ ~£ TO xouuzm, Y JtOOETOU~£ XaL ow JtaAL on 0 £QyaTlj~ ~Eoa O£ owo£xa WQ£~ JtQOOOETCL ~£ tnv £Qyao(a TOU orr; xaTavaAW~EV£~ JtQWT£~ 1JA£~ XaLV01JQYLa a~(a E~L ~aQXWV, ~La XaLV01JQYLa a~(a JtOU 0 X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj~ rnv JtQay~aTOJtOLc( us rnv JtWAljOlj TOU ETOL~OU JtQO·LOVTO~. AJt' a'UTtlV JtAljQWVCL OTOV £QyaTlj rc 3 TOU ~aQxa, rc aAAa 3 ~aQxa ouo»; rc XQaTa 0 (OLO~. Av, AOLnov, 0 £QyaTlj~ ueoo O£ owo£xa wQ£~ Olj~LOUQYc( ~La a~(a E~L ~aQxwv, TOT£ ~Eoa O£ E~L wQ£~ Olj~LOUQYc( ~La a~(a 3 ~aQxwv. 'EX£L ~mAljQwoCL, AOLJtOV, OTOV X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj rnv a~(a TWV TQLWV ~aQxwv Jtou ~Q(OXOVTaL OTO ~L(JOO Tlj~ £Qyao(a~, orcv EXCL OOUAE'tjJ£L E~L wQ£~ YL' curov. 'Y oreoc ono E~LWQ£~ OOUACLa~ c(VaL XL OL OUO TOU~ JtaWL, xaVEva~ O£ XQWOTa OTOV aAAO EOTW XaL Eva AmTo.

«LTa~am!», CPWVa~CL TWQa 0 X£cpaAaLOXQaTlj~. «'Exw VOLXLaO£L TOV £QyaTlj YLa- ~La OAaX£Qlj ~EQa, YLa owo£xa wQ£~. OL E~L wQ£~ ouo»; dVaL ~ovaXa ~L(Jtl ~EQa. MJtQo~ AOLJtOV, 001JA£'IjJ£ o'UVEXCLa oxntot: vc Jt£QaOO'UV XL OL aAA£~ E~L WQ£~ - TOT£ ~OvaXa c(~aOT£ mrrot!» K L 0 £QyaTlj~ £( VaL

-16 -

J[Qay!!anxa uJ[OXQ£W!!tvo~ va OU!!!!oQcpw8d ue TO OU!!~OAaLO J[OU tXA£W£ £8£Aovnxa, Ou!!cpwva ue TO OJ[OLO tX£L avaAa~£L TlJV UJ[OXQtWOlJ va ClOUAE'tjJ£L ClWCl£xa WQ£~ YLa tva J[QO'Cov £QyaoLa~ J[OU OTOLXLl;EL t~L WQ£~ £QyaoLa~.

KaL OTO !!w80 ue TO Xo!!!!an YLV£TaL aXQL~W~ TO LClLO.

A~ J[aQaCl£XTOU!!£ on 0 £QyaTlJ~ TOU J[aQaCld y!!aTO~ !!a~ ueoo O£ 12 wQ£~ cpnav£L 12 xouucnc cno tva £J!J[oQ£u!!a. To xa8tva an' a'UTa OTOLXL~£L 2 !!aQxa O£ J[QWT£~ UA£~ XaL O£ cp80Qa, XaL J[wAdTaL 2 1/2 !!aQxa. TOT£ 0 x£cpaAaLOxQaTlJ~, av TlJQlJ80uv OA£~ OL J[QOlJYOU!!£V£~ J[QouJ[08tO£L~, 8a ClWOEL OTOV £QyaTlJ 25 J[cptVLX OTO xouucn, CllJAaCllj 3 !!aQxc YLa 12 xouucnc, nou YLa va tc X£QClLO£L 0 £QyaTlJ~ XQELa~£TaL va ClOUAE'tjJ£L ClwCl£xa wQ£~. 0 x£cpaAaLOxQaTlJ~ J[aLQVEL YLa rc 12 xouurrno 30 !!aQxa.

Av an' aUTa acpaLQ£80uv 24 !!aQxa YLa J[QWT£~ UA£~ XaL cp80Qa, uevouv 6 !!aQxa an' rc onoto 0 xanLTaALoTlj~ J[AlJQWV£L 3 !!aQxa !!w80 £QyaoLa~ XaL W£J[WV£L 0 LClLO~ TQLa !!aQxa. To LClLO ono»; XaL mo J[avw, XaL ClW £J[LOlJ~ 0 £QyaTlJ~ ClOUA£UEL t~L wQ£~ YLa TOV £aUTO TOU, CllJAaCllj YLa TlJV cvuxcrcorcon TOU !!Lo80U TOU (1/2 wQa coto TlJV Xa8£!!La wQa TOU ClWCl£xaWQOu J[OU ClOUA£UEL), XaL t~L WQ£~ YLa TOV x£cpaAaLOxQaTlJ .

H CluoxOALa, J[OU J[avw TlJ~ OXOVTmjJav OL xaA UT£QOL OLXOVO!!OAOYOL, £VOOW ~£xLvouoav cno TlJV a~La TlJ~ «£QyaOLa~», £~acpaVL~£TaL av ~£XLVljOOU!!£, aVTL~ an' curnv, cno TlJV a~La TlJ~ «£Qyanxlj~ (jvvaf1TJ~». LTlJ OlJ!!£QLVlj !!a~ x£cpaAaLOxQanxlj xOLVWVLa lJ £Qyanxlj Mva!!lJ dVaL tva £J!J[oQ£u!!a. 'Eva £J!J[oQ£u!!a ono»; oAa rc aAAa, XaL O!!W~ tva oAOT£Aa ~£XWQWTO £J!J[oQ£u!!a. 'EX£L CllJAaCllj TlJV LClLaLT£QlJ LClLOTlJTa va dVaL !!La Mva!!lJ non CllJ!!LOUQY£L a~La, J[lJylj a~La~, XaL !!aAWTa, orcv XQlJOL!!0J[OLlJ8£L XaTaAAlJAa, J[lJylj J[£QWOOT£QlJ~ a~La~ aJ[' on tX£L lJ LClLa. M£ TlJ OlJ-

-17-

!J,EQLV~ XmaOTUOT] TT]S; JtaQUYWY~S;, T] uv8QwmvT] EQyunx~ Mvu!J,T] OE OT]!J,LOuQyd !J,ovaxu !J,EOU OE !J,LU !J,EQU !J,EYUAUTEQT] USLU ccr' o,u EXEL xm OTOLXL~EL T] LOLU. ME Xa8E VEU EmOTT]ilOVLX~ UVUXaA'U'WT], !J,E Xa8E VEU TEXVLX~ E<PEUQ£OT] !J,EYUAWVEL UUTO TO JtEQLOOEU!J,U TOU Xu8T]!J,EQL YOU JtQO'iOVTOS; TT]S; EQyunx~s; Mvu!J,T]S; Jtavw cao TO XU8T]!J,EQWO TT]S; XOOTOS;, !J,LXQULVEL OT]AUO~ TO xO!J,!-lan exetvo TT]S; EQyaOL!J,T]S; T]!J,EQUS;, JtOU 0 EQyaT11S; OOUAEUEL YLU TT]V UVUJtA~QWOT] TOU !J,EQoxa!J,UTOU TOU, xm !J,EYUAWVEL rnO!J,EVWS;, cno TT]V aAAT], Exd vo TO xOil!J,an TT]S; EQyaoL!J,T]S; T]!J,EQUS; nou d vet unoXQEWilEVOS; va bWQi~EL OTOV xcm TUALOT~ cno T11v EQYUOLU TOU XWQLS; vc JtAT]Qwv£Tm YL' UUT~V.

KL UUT~ d vet T] OLXOVO!J,LX~ oUYXQOTT]0l10A11S; T11S; Ol1!J,EQL v~S; !J,uS; XOL VWVLUS;: Movaxu T] EQYU~O!J,EVT] TaST] d vet cuT~ non OT]!J,LOUQYEL OAES; ns; USLES;. fLUTL T] USLU dvm uovoXU !J,LU aAAT] EX<PQUOT] T11S; EQYUOLUS;, T] EX<PQUOT] EXELV11!J,E TT]V OJtOLU XUQuXT11QL~£Tm OTT] Ol1!J,EQLV~ !J,uS; xE<puAmoxQunx~ XOL VWVLU TO nooo TT]S; XOL vorvix« UVUYXULUS; EQYUOLUS; nou xQuB£Tm !J,EOU OE EVU OQLO!J,EVO E!J,JtOQEU!J,U. O!J,WS; umES; OL USLES;, nou OT]!J,LOUQyouvTm «no TOUS; EQyaTES;, OEV cvrpcouv OTOUS; EQyaTES;. A vrpcouv OTOUS; LOLOXT~TES; TWV JtQWTWV UAWV, TWV !J,l1XUVWV xm EQYUAdwv xm TWV !J,EOWV JtQoxuTuBoA~S;, nou EmTQEJto'UV 0' UUTOUS; TOUS; LOLOXT~TES; vc uyoQa~o'UV TT]V EQyunx~ Mvu!J,T] TT]S; eovcnx~S; TaS11S;. AJt' OA11, AOLJtOV, TT] !J,a~u TWV JtQO'iOVTWV, nou JtuQaYEL T] EQyunx~ Tas11, JtULQVEL JtLOW fl,ovaxu EVU !J,EQOS; YLU TOV ecuro T11S;. Kut oJtWS; dOU!J,E JtQLV ALYO, TO aAAo !J,EQOS;, nou T] Tas11 TWV xE<puAmoxQmwv xQuTa YLU TOV WUTO TT]S;, xm JtOU TO JtOA U- JtOA U 8u d vm UJt0XQEW!J,EVO va TO !J,OLQUOTd !J,E T11V TasT] TWV ymoXTT]!J,OVWV, YL V£Tm !J,EyUAUTEQO !J,E xa8E VEU E<PEUQ£OT] xm uvuxaA U'\jJT], EVW TO !J,EQLOLO JtOU UVUAOYEL OT11V EQyunx~ TaS11 (UJtOAOYL~O!J,EVO XUTa

-18 -

aTOIlO) d T£ O£ Il£YUAWVCl XUOOAO'U, n Il£YUAWVCl JtOA U ot yo. XL UCJnllUVTU XaL XaTW llaALCJTU coto OQLCJIlEV£~ CJ'UVOnx£~ !lJtoQd XaL VU JtECPT£L.

AmE~ OIlW~ OL OAO XaL YQl]YOQOT£QU UAAl]AO£XTOm~oIl£V£~ £CP£'UQECJ£L~ XaL uvuxuAlnjJ£L~, U'UTn l] CJ£ UVnXO'UCJTO W~ TWQU ~UOIlO IlEQU ue rn IlEQU U'U1;UVOIl£Vl] cnooouxcTl]TU Tl]~ uvOQwmVl]~ £QYUCJLU~, Ol]IlLO'UQyd T£ALXa IlLU CJUYXQO'UCJl], IlECJU CJTl]V OJtOLU Ou JtQmCl VU XatuCJTQucpd l] CJl]Il£QLVn X£CPUAaLOXQunxn OLXOVOIlLU. Aito tn IlLU Il£QLa EXO'UIl£ UIlETQl]TU JtAOUTl] XaL Jt£QLCJCJ£'UIlU JtQO'iOVTWV, JtO'U OL UYOQUCJTE~ O£V !lJtOQOUV VU TU UJtOQQocpnCJO'UV. Ano Tl]V aAAl] Il£QLa, l] ll£yaAl] lla~U Tl]~ XOLVWVLU~, EXCl JtQOACTUQLOJtOLl]Od, EXCl IlCTU~Al]Od CJ£ IlLCJOWTOU~ £QyaT£~ XaL UXQL~W~ YL' U'UTO EYL V£ UVLXUVl] VU LOLOJtOL l]Od U'UTO TO nsQLCJCJ£'UIlU JtQO·iOVTWV. H OLaCJJtUCJl] Tl]~ XOLVWVLU~ CJ£ IlLU IlLXQn, 'UJt£Q~OALXa JtA01JCJLU, XaL CJ£ IlLU ll£yaAl], XWQL~ XUIlLa LOLOXTl]CJLU Ta1;l] IlWOWTWV £QYUTWV, EXCl CJUV UJtOTEAWIlU, l] XOL VWVLU umn vc UCJcp'Uxna IlECJU CJTl] OLXn Tl]~ Tl]V UcpOOVLU, £vw l] ll£yaAl] JtA£L01jJl]CPLU TWV Il£AWV Tl]~ 1l0AL~ n XUOOAO'U O£V JtQOCJTat£U£TaL ono Tl]V ECJXatl] CJTEQl]CJl]. H XUTaCJtaCJl] U'UTn YLVCTaL IlEQU Il£ Tl] IlEQU mo JtUQaAOYl] XaL ALYOT£QO UVUYXULU. JIQEJrE[ vc JtUQUIl£QWTd, !lJWQEi va JtUQUIl£QWTd. 'E v« YEO XOL VWVLXO XU8WTW~ d VaL O'UVUTO, ono» Be 'xo'UV £1;UCPUVWTd OL CJl]Il£QLVE~ ta1;LXE~ OLUXQLCJ£L~ XaL onou LCJW~ UCJT£QU coto IlLU CJUVTOIll], x6.Jtw~ CJT£VOxwQl], JtaVTW~ OIlW~ l]8LXa JtOA U XQnOlIll] Il£ta~unxn neQLOOO, TU IlECJU YLU tn ~wn, YLU Tl]V anoAu'UCJl] Tl]~ ~wn~, YLU rn OLUIlOQCPWCJl] XaL Tl]V £1;aCJxl]CJl] OA.WV TWV CJWllatLXwV XaL Jtv£'Ullunxwv LXUVOTnTWV, Ou dVaL CJTl] OLaOWl] OAWV TWV Il£AWV Tl]~ XOLVWVLU~ CJ'Uf!IlCTQLXa XaL CJ£ OLUQXW~ Il£YUAUT£Ql] UcpOOVLU, XaQl] CJ£ IlLU CJX£OLUCJIlEVl] XQl]CJLIlOJtOLl]CJl] XaL JtuQanEQu uv6.JtT'U1;l] TWV Ol]IlLO'UQYl]IlEVWV JtLU T£-

-19 -

Quanwv JtUQUYWYLXWV 6uVUIlEWV XaL IlE Lal] YLU 6AouS; UJt0XQEwal] EQyuaLus;. KaL on OL EQYUtES; d VaL 6Ao XaL JtEQwa6tEQO uJtocpU<JLaIlEVOL VU xcrcxmoouv TO VEO curo XOL vwvLx6 XuOWtwS;, 8u to 6dsEL XaL cno ns; 6uo IlEQLES; tOU WXEaV01J, 'Y] IIQWTOIlUYLU nou S'Y]IlEQWVEL XaL l] K UQLUxi] tl]S; 3 TOU MUl]4.

Aov&vo 30 rov AJrQ{)"rj 1891

~Vl1cpwva J1f TO xEiJ1fVO HIe; Ex(joaT]e; TOV 1891.

Ti;;acpTT]XE ano TOV CPo Evyxde; OTT] VEa Ex(joaT] TOV EgyOV TOV MagI; MLOe(J)t~ EQyuolu XaL KHpaAaLo.

Beooslvo 1891.

4. To aYYALxa TQELVt-ywuvwvS; YLoQTaSav TTj 6LE8v~ YLOQT~ 101J nooAETaQLaT01J TTjV JtQWTTj K1JQLax~ Jt01J axoAo1J80uOE TTjV TIQwTO!-luYLa, XaL Jt01J TO 1891 fJrECPTE or«; 3 T01J MaTj. (~T]I1. ~VVT.)

-20-

MIL8QTH EPr ALIA KAI KE<I>AAAIO

I

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6A17 tnv raS17 tow avooaoubv, b17A. tnv raS17 tiov xapasai-

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Ilooton ata80U!!E tWQa mo AEJtto!!EQELax,u otn aXEal] ovoueoo oro x,E<:jluAmO x,m tn !!w8wti] EQyaaLa, 8a Ex,8Ea01J!!E !!E a1JVtO!!La n~ mo YEVLX,E~ a1JV8i]x,E~ n01J naLQvEL x,avEL~ 1Jn6'\jJl] orov x,a8oQL~EL to !!La86 tl]~ EQyaaLa~.

o /1we6~ r17~ eovaou»; etvci, onn»; ELl)a!!E, l] n!!i] Ev6~ OQW!!EV01J E!!JtoQEU!!atO~, tl]~ EQyanx,i]~ Mva!!l]~. 0 !!La86~ tl]~ EQyaaLa~ x,a8oQL~Etm, AOLn6v, cno t01J~ LI)W1J~ roix; v6!!o1J~ n01J x,a8oQL~01JV rnv n!!i] X,U8E UAA01J E!!JtOQEU!!ato~. Koi !!JtaL VEL to EQWtl]!!a, :rrwr; 'XaeOQi~EraL 17 it/11] Ev6r; E/1JrOQEV/1aror;;

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ocpoQa, "[Tl~ £JUB'U~La~ nQo~ "[TlV noooeoo«. 0 OWaYWVL- 0~6~, nou ~' curov xaBoQLs£,,[aL Tl n~i] evo; £~OQ£U~a1O~, £L Val TQ[/-lEQ1}~.

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to; £L Val 0 vouot; TT]v avaQXLxi] XL VT]Gl] , JWU u' outnv LOOcpaQLC;,OVtaL T] av060~ ue tT]V JttWOT] XaL T] JttWOT] us tT]V avo- 60~, tn ~AEJWU!lE oav tuxaLo YEYOVO~. 0a !AJtOQOUOE xovsva~ ue to L6w 6LxaLW!la, onw~ XL EYLVE cno aAAOU~ OLXOVO!lOAOYOU~, va 8EWQi]OEL t«; 6LaXU!laVOEL~ oa VO!lO XaL tov xa80QLO!lO tT]~ n!li]~ an' tc E~06a naQaywyi]~ oav ruxaLO YEYOVO~. Ma !lOvaxa aUtE~ OL 6LaXU!laVOEL~, nou, av E~EtaOtoUV coto xovrc, nQoxaAOUV tu; mo CPQLXtE~ EQT]!lWOEL~ XaL oav OELO!lO~ OUYXAOVL~OUV coto tc 8E!lEALa tT]~ rnv aOtLxi] xoworvtc, !lOvaxa aUtE~ OL 6LaXU!laVOEL~ xc- 80QL~OUV ornv nOQ£La roix tnv n!li] OU!lcpwva ue rc E~06a naQaywyi]~. H OUVOALXi] XLVT]OT] auti]~ tT]~ ata~La~ ELVaL T] ta~T] tT]~. LtT]V nOQELa auti]~ tT]~ ~LO!lT]xavLxi]~ avaQXLa~, 0' auti] tT]V XUXALXi] XLVT]OT], 0 ouvaywvLO!lO~ LOocpaQL~EL oa va AE!lE rn !lLa unEQ~oAi] ue rnv aAAT].

BAEnOU!lE, AOLnov, on: T] n!li] EVO~ E!AJtOQEU!latO~ xo- 80QL~EtaL urto tn E~06a naQaywyi]~ rou EtOL, nou OL J[EQL060L onou T] n!li] mrtou tOU E!AJtOQEU!latO~ aVE~aL VEL navoi coto tn E~06a naQaywyi]~, LOocpaQL~OVtaL cno n~ neQLo60u~ nou nEcptEL xatw cno rc E~06a naQaywyi]~, XaL ovnotooq«. BE~aLa auto 6EV LOXUEL YLa Eva ~ExwQLOta 60- O!lEVO ~LO!l T]xaVLXO noo ·LOV, aAAa !lovaxa y La OA6XA T]Qo to ~LO!l T]xaVLXO xAa60. Aev LOXUEL rnO!lEVW~ OUtE YLa tOY Evav ~EXWQLOtO ~LO!li]xavo, aAAa !lOvaxa YLa OA6XAT]QT] tnv rc~T] tWV ~LO!lT]xavwv.

o xa80QLO!lO~ tT]~ n!li]~ cno r« E~06a naQaywyi]~ EL Val O!lOLO~ us tOY xa80QLO!lO tT]~ n!li]~ cno toy EQyaOL!lO XQOvo nou anaLt£LtaL YLa tT]V naQaywyi] EVO~ E!AJtOQEU!lato~, YLatL ta E~06a naQaywyi]~ cnotexowrci: 1) cno n~ nQwtE~ UAE~ XaL rn cp80Qa tWV EQyaAELwv, 6T]A. cno ~LO!lT]xavLxa nQo·LOvta nou T] naQaywyi] toix OtOLXLOE Eva OQLO!lEvo nooo EQyaOL!lWV T]!lEQWV nou naQLOtaVOuv rnO!lEVW~

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Eva oQLOllEVO nooo £QyaoqlOu XQovou, XaL 2) ono allWl] £QyaoLa, nou EXH aXQL~w~ YLa IlETQO TO XQovo.

OL L()LOL Y£VLXOL VOIlOL, AOLnov, nou QU8IlL~OUV Y£VLxa Tl]V TLIli] TWV £!lJ[OQ£UllaTWV, QU8IlL~O'UV cpUOLxa XaL TO IUa86 T'YJ~ eovaou»; T'YJV nf1~ T'YJ~ eovaoicu;

o IlL080~ Tl]~ £QyaoLa~ nOT£ 8' av£~aLv£L, nOT£ 8a nscpTH, avaAoya 11£ Tl] 0XEOl] Tl]~ ~i]Tl]Ol]~ nQo~ Tl]V noootpoQa, avaAoya 11£ TO nw~ ()LalloQcpwVnaL 0 o'UVaywvLoIlO~ cvcueoo OTOU~ ayoQaoTE~ Tl]~ £QyaTLXi]~ Mvalll]~, TOU~ X£cpaAaLOxQaT£~, XaL OTOU~ nWAl]TE~ Tl]~ £QyaTLxi]~ Mvalll]~, TOU~ £QyaT£~. LTL~ ()LaXUllavo£L~ TWV TLIlWV TWV £!lJ[OQ£UllaTWv y£vLxa aVTLOTOLXOUV OL ()LaXUllavo£L~ TOU IlL080u Tl]~ £QyaoLa~. 2:ra nsaioux aVTWV TWV &mWf1CtvaEwv ouox; 'YJ nf1~ T'YJ~ eovaaicc; 8a xa8oQ{~ETm cato ta E~o(ja naQaywy~~, cato TO XQ6vo eovaouu; nov anai TE{ tat via va (j'YJf1WVQY'YJ8E{ aVT6 TO Ef1J[6QEVf1a, 'YJ EQyanx~ (jvvaf1'YJ.

II ow ei vm, Aom6v, ta E~o(ja naQaywy~~ T'YJ~ EQyanx~~ (jvvaf1'YJ~.

Eiva: ta E~o(ja nov anmTOVVTm yw va &aT'YJQEiTm 0 EQyCtT'YJ~ aav EQyCtT'YJ~ xai yw va xataoturtei aav EQyCtT'YJ~.

I'r' aUTO, 000 ALYOT£QO XQovo 1l0QCPWOl]~ anal TEL IlLa £QyaoLa TOOO ALYOT£Qa ELVaL rc E~O()a naQaywyi]~ TOU £Qyatn, TOOO xalll]AOT£Ql] ELVaL l] TLIli] Tl]~ £QyaoLa~ TOU, 0 IlL- 080~ Tl]~ £QyaoLa~ TOU. LTOU~ ~LOIll]xaVLXou~ XAa()OU~ onou ()£V anaLTELTaL oX£Mv xa80Aou XQovo~ lla8i]T£UOl]~ XaL onou aQxEL Ilovaxa l] OWllaTLxi] unaQ~l] TOU £QyaTl], r« E~O()a naQaywyi]~ rrou XQHa~OVTaL YLa Tl]V naQaywyi] TOU n£QLoQL~OVTaL oX£Mv Ilovaxa OTa £!lJ[oQ£ullam nou XQ£La~OVTaL YLa va ()LaTl]Ql]8EL OTl] ~wi] Lxavo~ YLa £QyaoLa. I'r' aUTO 'YJ nf1~ T'YJ~ eovaoiai; TOV xa80QL~naL coro Tl]V nf1~ TWV avayxa{wv f1EaWV avvT~Q'YJa'YJ~.

naLQvoull£ OIlW~ unoWl] XaL xaTL aAAo. 0 £QyooTa-

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aLaQXl]S;, JWU AoyaQLa~EL rc CHXa tOU EsO()a naQaywyi]s; xm O1J!lcpwva u' auta unOAOYL~EL xm rnv tL!li] tWV nQo·LOVtWV, B<X~EL OTO AoyaQLaO!lO xm tn cp80Qa tWV EQyaAELwv ()OUAELas;. Av, A.X., !lLa !ll]xavi] tOU OtOLXL~EL 1.000 !laQxa, XL av l] !ll]xavi] auti] cp8ELQEtm !lEOa OE ()EXa XQovLa, rote noo- 08EtEL xa8E XQovo 100 !laQxa ornv tL!li] tOU EllJroQEU!lmos;, YLa va 1lJr0QEL UotEQa «no ()EXa XQovLa va cvnxcrcotnoa tn cp8aQ!lEVl] !ll]xavi] ue !lLa xm vouQYLa. Kor« tOY L()W roono nQEnEL oro EsO()a naQaywyi]s; tl]S; anAi]s; EQyatLxi]s; &Uva!ll]S; va AoyaQLaOtoUV xm rc ESO()a avanaQaywyi]s;, rtou u' auta l] YEvLa tWV EQymwv 8a dvm OE 8EOl] va ausavEL xm va aVtLXa8LOta tOUS; cp8aQ!lEVOUS; EQyatES; ue VEOUS;. H cp80Qa tou EQyatl] unoAoYL~Etm, AOLnOV,!lE tOY L()W toono onws; l] cp80Qa tl]S; !ll]xavi]s;.

Ta ESO()a naQaywyi]s; tl]S; anAi]s; EQyatLxi]s; &Uva!ll]S; dvoi, AOLnov, r« E~a(ja vJraQ~r}~ xai avaJfaQaywyJj~ TOV EQyarr}. H tL!li] cutorv tWV ESO()WV unaQsl]S; xm avanaQaywyi]s; anOtEAEL to !lw80 tl]S; EQyaoLas;. 0 !lw80S; tl]S; EQyaoLas; rtou xa80QL~Etm eroi, ovouotetru xaubtcao 6Qw TOV /1,[oeo» eovaoicc; Auto to xatwtmo OQLO rou !lL080u EQyaoto.; WXUEL, onox; XL 0 xa80QLO!l0S; tl]S; tL!li]s; tWV EIlJrOQEU!latWV cno tc ESO()a naQaywyi]s; YEvLxa, 0XL YLa to Eva ~ExwQwr6 atouo; aAAa YLa OAO to YEva~ tWV EQymwv. ME!lOVW!lEVOL EQyatES;, EXato!l!luQLa EQyatES;, ()EV naLQvouv tooo rtou va aQxouv YLa v« unaQXouv xm va avanaQayovtm. Ma a Ilw06~ in; eovaoiac aA6xAr}Qr}~ m; EQyaTLxJj~ ra~r}~ wocpaQL~Etm, usee ore nAaLoLa tWV ()LaXU!lavOEWv tou, u' auto to xctortuto OQLO.

Krn tWQa, acpou OuvEvvol]8i]xa!lE navw OtOUS; ][LO yEVLXOUS; VO!lOUS; nou QU8!lL~OUV to !lL080 tl]S; EQyaoLas; xc- 8wS; xm tnv tL!li] xa8E aAAou EllJroQEU!latos;, 1lJr0QOU!lE v« ota80U!lE ][LO EL()LXa oro 8E!la !las;.

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III

To xEcpuAmo aJtoTEAdTm cno nQcinES; UAES;, EQyaAELa ()01JAELUS; xm ueoo 01JVTitQllOllS; OAWV TWV EL()WV, n01J XQllOLIlOJtoLOuVTm YLa va naQax80uv VEES; nQwTES; UAES;, YEa EQyaAELa ()01JAELUS; xm YEa IlEoa 01JVTitQllOllS;. OAa amu tc 01JOTanXU T01J IlEQll d vet ()llIlL01JQYitllma TllS; EQyaoLas;, nooiovrc TllS; EQyaoLas; (J1J(J(JWQEV/1EVT/ eovaoia. H 01J00WQE1JIlEVll EQyaoLa n01J XQllOLIlEUEL oc IlEOO YLa YEa naQaywYit dvm xEcpuAmo.

'ETOL AEVE OL otxovouoxovoi,

TL elvrn Evas; VEYQOS; ()OUAOS;; 'Evas; uv8Qwnos; TllS; IlauQllS; CP1JAitS;. Hjuc El;itYllOll al;L~EL TOOO 000 xm II UAAll.

'Evas; VEYQOS; EL voi Evas; VEYQOS;. Meoo OE OQWIlEVES; 0XEOELS; Ilovuxa YLVETm ()OUAOS;. MLa ~all~axoxAwonxit unxavit d voi IlLa Illlxavit YLa TO XAWOLIlO T01J ~a~axLOU. Movuxa ueoc OE OQLOIlEVES; 0XEOELS; YL VETm XEcpaAaw. Anooncouevn are' amES; ns; 0XEOELS;, d vet TOOO AL yo xEcpuAmo 0000 XQ1JOOS; amos; xa8' amos; dvm XQ1j/1a, it 000 II ~uxaQll ELvm II nllit TllS; ~uxaQllS;.

Meoo OTllV naQaywYit OL uv8QwnOL ()EV EJtEVEQYOUV 1l0- vuxa nuvw ern cpuOll, uo xm 0 Evas; nuvw OTOV UAAO. I1aQUY01JV Ilovuxa EVEQywvTas; xmu Eva OQWIlEVO roono ono XOL YOU xm aVTaAAUOOOVTaS; allOL~aLa ns; ()QaoTllQLoTllTES; T01JS;. I'tu v« naQuyo1Jv EQxovTm OE OQWIlEVES; 0XEOELS; xm 01JVUCPELES; IlETal;u T01JS; xm Ilovuxa IlEoa a' amES; us; XOLVWVLXES; 0XEOELS; xm 01JVUCPELES; 01JVTEAEL TaL II EJtEVEQYELU T01JS; nuvw ern cpuOll, 01JVTEAELTm II naQaywYit.

A vUAoya IlE TO xaQaxTitQa TWV IlEOWV naQaywYits;, 8a EL vot CP1JOLXU ()LacpoQEuxES; amES; OL XOL VWVLXES; 0XEOELS; IlEou otu; onote; OXETL~OVTaL OL naQaywyoL IlETal;u T01JS;, 8a ELvm ()LacpoQEuxOL OL OQOL XUTW are' T01JS; OnOL01JS; aVTaA-

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AaOOO'llV W; ClQaOtT]QLOtT]tE; toix XaL O'll!l!lEtEXO'llV oro yEVLXO EQYO tTl; naQaywyYt;. ME tnv ECPEUQEOT] EVO; VEO'll noAE!lLXOU oQyaVO'll, tou n'llQO~OAO'll OnAO'll, aAAa~E avayxaOtLxa OAT] T] EOWtEQLXYt oQyavwoT] tou orooron, aAAa~av OL 0XEOEL; nou !lEOa 0' autE; r« ato!la unoooov va O'llY'XQotouv Eva orooro XaL va EVEQYOUV oav oroctoc, aAAa~E EnLOT]; XaL T] 0XEOT] tWV ClLacpoQwv orccrorv !lEt~U toix.

OL XOL VWVLXE; 0XEOEL; !lEOa OtL; onOLE; naQayo'UV rc orouc, O£ XO[ VWV[XE~ JfaQaywY[XE~ OXEaf[~ aUa~ovv, ).,0[Jf6v, WTaf3aUovrat f1a~i f1E tnv aUay1j xai tnv E;EA[;r} rwv VA[XWV f1EOWV JfaQaywy1j~, rcov JfaQaywy[XWV oovaueov. O[ JfaQaywY[XE~ OXEOE[~ oro ovvoA6 rov~ aJrorEAovv avr6 JfOV ovouairnsvxo: VWV[XE~ OXEOt:[~, XO[ vwvia xa: f1aAWTa uux xoivoivia at: f1W OQWf1EVr} [oroQ[x1j f3a8f1iba avantu;r}~, !lLa xOLVWVLa!lE ClLXO tTl;, ClLacpoQEtLXO xaQaxtYtQa. H aQxaia xovvorvto, T] cpwvbaQx[x1j xorvorvto, T] aoux1j XOLvorvtc, anOtEAOuV reroic ouvoAa naQaywYLxwV 0XEOEU)V, rtou T] Xa8E!lLa an' autE; xaQaXtT]QL~EL taut0XQova !lLa LClLaL tEQT] ~a8!lLCla E~EAL~T]; OtT]V LOtoQLa tTl; av8QwnotT]ta;.

KaL to xt:cpaAaw EL Val !lLa XOL VWVLXYt naQaywYLxYt 0XE- 0T]. EL Val !lLa aoux1j JfaQaywy[x1j 0XEOr}, !lLa naQaywYLxYt 0XEOT] tTl; aotLxYt; XOLvwvLa;. Mrpto»; rc !lEOa O'llvtYtQT]OT];, r« EQyaAELa ClO'llAELa;, OL nQwtE; UAE;, nou anOtEAOuV to xEcpaAaLO, ClIO ClT]!lLO'llQyYt8T]xav XaL ClIO OUOOWQEUtT]XaV xareo cno ClOO!lEVO'll; XOLVWVLXOU; ooouc, !lEOa 010 OQLO!lEVE; XOLVWVLXE; 0XEOEL;; Mrpto»; ClIO XQT]OL!lOrrOLOUVtaL xatw ono OQLO!lEVO'll; XOLVWVLXOU; oQO'll;, !lEOa 010 OQLO!lEVE; XOLVWVLXE; 0XEOEL; YLa VEa naQaywyYt; KaL !lYtnw; ClEV ELVal Loa-Loa autO; 0 OQLO!lEVO; XOLVWVLXO; xaQaxtYtQa; rtou xaVEL xt:cpaAaw ta nootovrc nou XQT]OL!lEUO'llV YLa vee naQaywyYt;

To xEcpaAaLO ClEV anOtEAEL tal !lovaxa «no !lEOa OUVtYt-

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Ql]Ol]S;, EQyaAELa OOUAEL<XS; XaL nQWtES; UAES;, OEV anOtEAELtal !J,ovuxa coto UALXU nootovro, anOtEAEL tal oxouo XL «no avraUmmXE£, al;iE£,. OAa rc nootovro an' tn cnotc anOtEAELtaL ELVaL E!J,noQEu!J,ata. To XECPUAaLO OEV ELVaL, AOLn6v, !J,ovuXa Eva nooo coto UALXU nootovro, ELVaL Eva nooo «no E!!JtoQEu!J,ata, «no aVTanaXnXES; a~LES;, cno XOLvwvLxa WyE()1].

To XECPUAaLO naQa!J,EvEL TO LOW, aOLucpoQO av ern BEOl] tOU !J,anLOU ~UAOU!J,E ~a~uxL, orn BEOl] TOU OtaQLOu QU~L, orn BEOl] torv OLol]QooQ6!J,wv aw6nAOLa, !J,E tnv nQO'Un6BEOl] CPUOLXU on to ~a~uxL, to QU~L, tn at!J,6nAOLa - to owuo tOU xEcpaAaLou - Ba 'xouv tnv LOLa aVTaAAaxnXr] a~La, tnv LOLa n!J,r] !J,E TO !J,anL, TO OtUQL, TOUS; mOl]Q6oQo!J,ouS;, ore onotc evorouctrovorcv nQOl]you!J,Eva. To oW!J,a tOU XEcpaAaLou !!JtoQEL va !J,Eta~UAAEtaL axatanauota, XWQLS; TO XECPUAaLO va naSaL VEL eotco aL tnv naQa!J,LxQ6tEQl] aAAayr].

A v 6!J,wS; XUBE XECPUAaLO EL Val Eva nooo uno E!!JtOQEUuoro, Ol]A. cno avtanaxnxES; a~LES;, OEV ELVaL XECPUAaLO XUBE nooo «no E!!JtoQEu!J,ata, XUBE nooo ono aVtaAAaxnXES; a~LES;.

KuBE nooo cno avtanaxnxES; a~LES; ELVaL !J,La aVtaAAaxnxr] a~La. KuBE ~EXWQLOtr] aVTaAAaxnxr] a~La ELVaL Eva nooo cno avtanaxnxES; a~LES;. A.X., Eva onrn nou a~L~EL 1.000 !J,uQxa EL Val !J,La avtanaxnxr] a~La 1.000 !J,uQxwv. 'Eva xouurrn xaQtL nou a~L~EL 1 ncpEvLX, ELVaL Eva nooo cno aVtaAAaxnxES; a~LES; 100/100 TOU ncpEvLX. Ta nQo·(6vta nou ELVaL aVtanU~L!J,a !J,' uAAa nQo·(6vTa ELVaL eunooeouoia. H OQLO!J,EVl] 0XEOl] nou !J,Eoa 0' autr] unooouv v' aVTanaxtouv anOtEAEL tnv avraUaxTLx1] rov£, al;ia r], orcv tnv EXCPQUOOU!J,E 010 XQr]!J,a, rnv TLfl1] TOUS;. H !J,u~a tWV noorovrorv uutrov OEV !!JtoQEL v' aAAu~EL rtnor« OTOV nQooQLO!J,6 TOUS; va EL Val euxooeoua r] va

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naQwtavo'Uv !!La avraUa"'m'~ al;ia iJ va 'X0'Uv !!La OQLO!!EVl] n!!iJ. 'Eva bEVtQO, ELt£ £LVaL !!£yaAo etre ELVaL !!LxQ6, naQa!!EV£L bEVtQO. Mrpto»; aAAa~£L 0 xaQaxtiJQa~ TO'U OLb£Qo'U ocv £!!n6Q£'U!!a, oov aVTaAAaxnxiJ a~La, orcv to aVTaAAaooo'U!!£ us aAAa nootovrc xUta O'UYYLE~ iJ xUta XaVtaQLa; Luwpwva ue tl] !!a~a TO'U £L Val Eva £!!Jt6- Q£'U!!a !!£yaAUt£Ql]~ iJ !!LxQ6t£Ql]~ a~La~, !!£yaAUt£Ql]~ iJ !!LxQ6t£Ql]~ n!!iJ~.

nw~ tWQa Eva ncoo uno £!!JtoQ£u!!ata, uno aVtaAAaxnxE~ a~L£~ YL vetrn x£cpaAaLO;

M£ TO y£yov6~ on oov a'UTOt£AiJ~ XOLVWVLXiJ (jvvaf.1,TJ, bl]A. ocv Mva!!l] evo; f.1,EQOV~ TTJ~ ",otvwvia~, bLUtl]QELtaL XaL a'U~avEL otnv avraUay~ f.1,E TTJV af.1,wTJ, TTJ ~wvrav~ EQyan"'~ (jvvaf.1,TJ. H unaQ~l] !!La~ ta~l]~, nou b£v XUtEXEL tLnota aAAo exto; coto tnv ixcvornrc YLa EQyaoLa, anOtEAEL !!La avayxaLa nQo'Vn68wl] tou xEcpaAaLo'U.

Movaxa l] x'UQLaQXLa tl]~ O'UOOWQE'U!!EVl]~, mQaO!!EVl]~, aVnXEL!!EVLXOnOLl]!!EVl]~ £QyaoLa~ navw ornv a!!wl], ~wvrovn EQyaoLa !!£tatQ£JtEL rn O'UOOWQE'U!!EVl] EQyaoLa 010 XEcpaAaLo.

To xEcpaAaLO bE O'UVLOTataL OTO on l] O'UOOWQE'U!!EVl] EQyaoLa XQ'Y)OL!!EUEL otn ~WVTaviJ EQyaoLa oc !!EOO YLa VEa noQaywyiJ. To x£cpaAaLO O'UVLOtUtaL OtO on l] ~wvtaviJ EQyaetc XQljOL!!EU£L orn O'UOOWQE'U!!EVl] EQyaoLa oc !!EOO YLa v« bLUtl]QEL XaL YLa va a'U~av£L tnv aVTaAAaxnxiJ tl]~ a~La.

TL ow,BaL VEL ornv avtaUayiJ ava!!wa orov x£cpaAaLOxQatl] XaL OTO !!L08wt6 EQyatl];

o EQyatl]~ naLQv£L, oov avtaAAay!!a YLa rnv EQyanxiJ TO'U Mva!!l], !!EOa o'UVtiJQl]Ol]~ XaL 0 xEcpaAaLOxQatl]~ naLQVEL, oov aVtaAAay!!a YLa tc !!EOa TO'U o'UVtiJQljOl]~, EQyaoLa, tnv naQaywYLxiJ bQaOtl]QL6tl]ta TO'U EQyatl], tl] bl]!!LO'UQYLXiJ Mva!!l], nou u' amiJ 0 EQyatl]~ bEV aVanAl]QwVEL !!O-

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vaXa outo JWU XaTaVaAWVH, {W JrQooDi&[ OT'f/ OVOOWQEV{[EV'f/ eovaaia nio {[Ey6),'f/ a;ia, an' 6, ti EiXE noi»: 0 EQyat'Y)~ JtaLQvH cno toy XECPaAmOXQat'Y) Eva !!EQO~ cno rc !!EOa ouvnlQ'YJO'Y)~ nou uJtaQXouv. LE tt tOU XQl]m!!EUOUV a1Jta rc !!EOa OUVt~Q'Y)o'Y)~; I'tn t'Y)V a!!EOl] XaTaVaAWO'Y). 'Otuv O!!W~ XaTaVaAWVw !!EOa OUVt~Q'Y)Ol]~, rots YLa !!EVa XaVOVtm auto. a!!EtaXA'Y)ta, EXtO~ av to XQOVO nou a1Jta m !!EOa OUVt~Q'Y)O'Y)~ !!E XQaTOUV orn ~W~, toy XQ'Y)m!!OJtOLW YLa va JtaQayw YEa ueoo OUVt~Q'Y)o'Y)~, YLa va ()'Y)!!LOUQY~OW !!E t'Y)V EQyaoLa !!OU VEE~ aSLE~ Ot'Y) BEO'Y) tWV aSLwv nou Xavovrot XaTa t'Y)V XaTaVaAWO'Y). Ma Loa-Loa aut~ t'Y)V avaJtaQaywYLx~ EUYEVLX~ Mva!!'Y) t'Y)V JtaQaxwQEL 0 EQyat'Y)~ oro XEcpaAmO oav aVtaAAay!!a YLa rc !!EOa OUVt~Ql]o'Y)~ non EXEL JtaQEL. T'Y)v EXEL XaOEL EJtO!!EVW~ YLa toy Ea1JtO rou

A~ JtaQOU!!E Eva JtaQa()ELy!!a: E va~ EvoLxLaOt~~ yl]~ ()LVEL a' Eva !!EQOXa!!anaQ'Y) 5 YQooLa tn !!EQa. I'ur rc 5 YQOotc 0 !!EQOXa!!aTLaQ'Y)~ EQya~Etm OA'Y) tn !!EQa OtO XWQaCPL tOU evoeaoorn xm tou EsaocpaAL~EL Etm Eva EOO()O cno 10 YQoma. 0 EVOLxLaOt~~ ()EV JtaLQvH JtLOW !!OVaXa n~ asLE~ rtou JtQEJtH va JtaQaxwQ~oH OtO !!EQOXa!!aTLaQl], !!a n~ ()LJtAama~EL. XQl]OL!!OJtOL'Y)OE, XaTaVaAWOE, AOLJtOV, XaTa Evav xaQJtocpoQo, JtaQaywYLxo tono tc 5 YQoma nou E()WOE OtO !!EQOXa!!anaQ'Y). Avoocoe aXQL~w~ YLa 5 YQoma rnv EQyaoLa xm t'Y) Mva!!'Y) tOU !!EQOXa!!anaQ'Y) nou JtaQaYH nootovto tl]~ y'Y)~ ()LJtAaOLa~ asLa~ xm nou XaVEL tc 5 YQootc 10. 0 !!EQOXa!!anaQl]~ avtLBEta JtaLQvEL Ot'Y) BEO'Y) t'Y)~ JtaQaywYLx~~ tOU Mva!!'Y)~, nou t'Y)V EVEQYELa t'Y)~ t'Y)V rtnQaxwQ'Y)oE orov EVOLxLaOt~, 5 YQoma nou rc aVtaAAaOOEL !!E !!EOa OUVt~Ql]o'Y)~, !!E !!EOa OUVt~Ql]o'Y)~ nou m xorcvoAWVH YQl]yoQOtEQa ~ aQyOtEQa. Ta 5 YQoma XaTaVaAWB'Y)xav EJtO!!EVW~ XaTa Eva {)LJtAO toone: JraQaywy[xCt YLa to XEcpaAmO, YLaTL aVtaAAaXtl]XaV !!E !!La EQyanx~ Mva-

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IJ,TJ6 JWU cnoooxre 10 YQ6OLa, IJ,TJ JTa(JaywYLxa YLa TOV £QyaTTJ, YLaTL aVTaAlaXTTJXaV IJ,£ IJ,EOa O'UVT~QTJOTJS; nou EX0'UV £~acpavwT£L YLa JtavTa XaL nou TTJV a~La TOUS; !J,JtOQ£L va TTJV ~avaJtaQ£L 1J,0vaxa rnavaAa!ll3avOVTaS; TTJV LDLa aVTaAAay~ IJ,£ TOV evoouoorn TTJS; YTJS;. To xeipascuo eitouevc»; Jr(JOVJr08tTEL T'f/ I1w8wT11 eovaoia, 'f/ I1w8wT11 eovaoia itooVJr08tTEL TO xEcpaAaw. To tva Jr(JOVJr08tTEL TO aUo, TO tva Jra(JaYEL TO aUo.

Mrptux 61J,wS; Evas; £QyaTTJS; O£ Eva ~alJ,~axo'UQYLx6 £Qvoorooio JtaQaY£L 1J,0vaxa ~alJ,~ax£Qa uqxiouor«; 'OXL, noQaY£L x£cpaAaLo. n aQaY£L a~ L£S;, nou XQTJOLIJ,£UO'UV ~ava Y La va £~ouOLa~o'UV TTJV £QyaoLa TOU XaL YLa va DTJIJ,LOUQYTJ80UV IJ,' amES; VEtS; a~L£s;.

To x£cpaAaLO !J,JtOQ£L va aU~TJ8£L 1J,0vaxa orov aVTaAAaOOnaL IJ,£ £Qyanx~ (')1)vaIJ,TJ, orov CPEQV£L OTTJ ~w~ IJ,L- 08WT~ £QyaoLa. H £Qyanx~ MvalJ,TJ TOU IJ,W8WTOU £QyaTTJ !J,JtOQ£Lv'aVTaAAaXT£LIJ,OVaxalJ,£x£cpaAaLo,au~aVOVTas; TO x£cpaAaLO, £VWXUOVTas; TTJ MvalJ,TJ OTTJV onoto £LVaL oxAa~a. AV;'f/(J'f/ TOV xeqxisaio» onuai VEL, AOLJr6v, aV;'f/(J'f/ TOV Jr(JOAETa(JLaTOV, b'f/A. in; E(JyaTLx1j~ Ta;'f/~.

To OUIJ,CPEQOV TOU xamTaAwT~ XaL TOU £QyaTTJ £LVaL, AOLJt6v, TO toto, WXUQL~OVTaL OL aOToL XaL OL OLXOVOIJ,OAOyOL TOUS;. KaL JtQaYlJ,anxa! 0 £QyaTTJS; xaTaoTQEcpnaL av D£v TOV aJtaOXOA£L TO x£cpaAaLO. To x£cpaAaLO xorcoroecpnaL orov D£v £XlJ,naAA£UnaL TTJV £Qyanxi] MvalJ,TJ, XaL YLa va TTJV £XlJ,naAA£UnaL JtQEJt£L va TTJV ayoQa~£L. '000 mo YQ~yoQa au~aV£L TO x£cpaAaLO JtOU £L Val JtQOOQWIJ,EVO YLa TTJV JtaQaywy~, TO JtaQaywYLx6 x£cpaAaLO, 600 mo av-

6. LTO <Jl][!£lo aUTOl] EXqJQa<Jl] «£QyaTLx~ ()'uva[!l]» 6£v JTQOEQXfTaL ceto TOV 'EVYX£AS;, BQL<Jxorav O[!WC; XaL <JTO xetuevo JTOU 6l][!0<J(£u<J£ 0 MaQ~ <JTl] Nea EqJTJf.1E(liba TaV P1jvov. (2TJf.1. 2VVT.)

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8T]Qr] ELVaL EJ[O!lEVW~ T] ~LO!lT]xaVLa, 600 JUO r[OAu J[AoUTL~£L T] aonxr] ta~T], 600 JUO xaAa neve OL Clo'UAELE~ t600 JUO J[onou~ EQyatE~ XQ£La~HaL 0 xcou taAWtr]~, t600 JUO aXQLBU J[o'UALEtaL 0 EQyatT]~.

AJ[aQaL rnro; 6Qo~ YLa !lLa 'UJ[OCPEQt·~ xmootorm rou EQyatT] eivai, AotJr6v, 1] 600 TO ()vvar6v JUO YQ1]yoQ1] aV!;1]o1] TOV naQaywYLxoV xEcpaAaiov.

Ma u OT]!laLV£L aU~T]oT] rou J[aQaywYLxoU xEcpaAaLo'U; ~T]!laL VEL aU~T]oT] tT]~ blJva!lT]~ tT]~ o'UOOWQE'U!lEVT]~ EQyaoLa~ mrvoi OtT] ~wvtavr] EQyaoLa. AU~T]oT] tT]~ x'UQLaQXLa~ tT]~ aonxr]~ ta~T]~ J[avw OtT]V EQya~6!lEVT] ta~T]. Orov T] !lw8wtr] EQyaoLa J[aQaY£L tOY ~EVO J[AOUtO, tT]V EX8QLXr] tT]~ blJvcun, to xEcpaAaLo, J[O'U tT]V E~o'UOLa~EL, x'UAavE J[QO~ a'Utr]v usoo anaox6AT]0T]~ ClT]A. usoo OUVtr]QT]OT]~, ue tOY 6Qo on ~avaxav£L tOY £aUT6 tT]~ Eva !lEQO~ ron xEcpaAaLo'U, !loXA6, J[O'U tOY ~avaQLxv£L OE !lLa EJ[L taXUV6!lEVT] XL VT]OT] aU~T]oT]~.

Drav AEVE 6u ta oinupeoovta TOV »eipasaiou XaL ta OVf1,cpEQovra rwv EQyarwv Ei VaL ta ioia, auto onuai VEL f1,0- vaxa oti: To xEcpaAaw XaL 1] f1,w8wr1] eovaoia eivai ()VO nAEVQEt; uuu; XaL in; avr1]t; OXE01]t;. H uux nQoVn08ErEL inv aU1], ora»; 0 TOXOYAVCPOt; XaL 0 axaiaio; nQoVn08ETOvv o EVat; TOV aUo.

'000 0 !lw8wtr]~ EQyatT]~ 8a 'Val !lw8wt6~ EQyatT]~, T] tUXT] rou 8a E~aQnEtaL ceto to xEcpaAaLo. A 'Utr] EL Val T] J[OA 'U8QuA T]tT] XOL vornro 0'U!lcpEQ6vtwv roo EQyatT] XaL rou XEcpaAaLoxQatT].

IV

Oruv a'U~av£L to xEcpaAaLo, a'U~av£L T] !la~a tT]~ !lw8wtr]~ EQyaoLa~, a'U~avEL 0 aQL8!l6~ tWV !lw8wt(ov EQyatwv,

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us !lLa A£~T]: T] 'X'UQLaQXLa tou 'XEcpaAaLO'U EnE'XTELVETm JtaVW OE !lLa mo !lEyaAT] !la~a coto ctou«. KL a; 'UJt08EOO'U!lE TT]V mo E'UVO·C'Xi) JtEQLJtTWOT]: Otov a'U~aVEL TO JtaQaYWYL'XO 'XEcpaAmo, a'U~aVH T] ~i)TT]OT] EQyaoLa;. A'U~aVH, AOLJtOV, T] TL!li) TT]; EQyaoLa;, 0 !lw80; TT]; EQyaoLa;.

'Eva OJtLTL !lJtOQEL vc etvrn !lEyaAo i) !lL'XQO. Ooo t« OJtLTLa JtO'U to JtEQL~anO'UV ELvm EnLOT]; !lL'XQa, L'XaVOJtOLEL OAE; n; 'XOLVWVL'XE; aJtmTi)oH; YLa !lLa 'XaTOL'XLa. Otov O!lW; JtAaL OTO !lL'XQO OJtLTL aV'U'\jJw8EL Eva !lEyaQO, TOTE TO !lL'XQO OJtLTL !la~EUETm 'Xm YLVETm 'XaAu~a. To !lL'XQO OJtLTL aJtOClEL'XvUEL TWQa on 0 LClW'XTi)TT]; rou ClEV JtQEJtH va 'XEL 'Xa80AO'U i) va 'XH !lOvaxa n; mo !lL'XQE; aJtmTi)oH;. Km !lJtOQEL OTT]V JtoQELa tou JtOAL TW!lOU va !lEyaAwvH 000 8EAH, orov O!lW; to YELtoVL'XO !lEyaQO !lEyaAwvn orov LClW i) 'Xm OE !lEyaAUTEQO oxouc ~a8!l0, TOTE 0 'XaTOL'XO; rou 0XEn'Xa !lL'XQOTEQO'U om nou 8a E~a'XOAo'U8EL va m08aVETm TOV ecuro roo oxouo 0XL ~OAL'Xa, 0XL L'XaVOJtOLT]!lEVO, meO!lEVO ueoo oroix TEOOEQL; toLXO'U; rou,

MLa m08l]Ti) aU~T]OT] rou !lw80U TT]; EQyaoLa; noouno- 8ETEL !lLa YQi)YOQT] aU~T]OT] rou JtaQaYWYL'XOU 'XEcpaAaLo'U. H YQi)YOQT] aU~T]OT] rou JtaQaYWYL'XOU 'XEcpaAaLO'U JtQO'XaAEL !lLa E~LOO'U YQi)YOQT] aU~T]OT] rou JtAOUTO'U, TT]; JtOA 'UTEAHa;, TWV 'XOL VWVL'XWV avay'Xwv 'Xm TWV 'XOL VWVL'XWV aJtoAauoEwv. A v 'Xm a'U~i)8T]'Xav, AOLJtOV, OL aJtOAaUOH; rou EQyaTT], EJtEOE O!lW; T] 'XOLVWVL'Xi] L'XaVOJtOLT]OT] JtO'U tou JtQOOCPEQO'UV OL aJtOAauon; a'UTE; OE OUY'XQWT] ue n; oxouo ~tEyaAUTEQE; aJtOAauon; ton xom TaAwTi), JtO'U EL vm aJtQOOL TE; orov EQyaTT], OE OUYXQWT] ue to ~a8!l0 avanT'U~T]; TT]; 'XOL VWVLa; yEVL'Xa. OL avaY'XE; 'Xm OL aJtOAaUOH; !la; JtT]ya~o'UV aJt' Tl]V 'XOLVWVLa, YL' curo TL; !lETQa!lE ue TT]V 'XOLVWVLa, ClEV TL; ueTQa!lE us to aVTL'XEL!lEVa TT]; L'XaVOJtOLT]oi); roix. EJtHCli) T] cpUOT] roix EL vm 'XOLVWVL'Xi], EL vet TamOXQova 'Xm OXETL'Xi).

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o ~u08oS; tT]S; EQyaoLas; ()EV Xa80QL~Etm YEVLXa [tovaxa coto tTl [ta~a nov E!lJTOQEU[tanov JtOU !lJToQd va JtaQEL xcvdS; 0' avtaAAawa [tE to [tw80 auto. IIEQu~XEL ()LacpOQES; °X£OELS;.

Auto rtou OL EQyatES; nctovouv cot' oAa yw rnv EQyanxr] tOUS; Mva[tT], dvm Eva ooiouevo noco coto XQr][tata. Mrpto»; 0 [tw8oS; tT]S; EQyaoLas; xa80QL~Etm cor' autr] tn XQT][tanxrj n[tr];

To 160 mwva aU~r]8T]xav to XQuoacpL XaL to aOr][tL nou XUXAOcpoQouoav ornv EUQwJtT] uOtEQa coto tT]V avaxaAu'\jJT] mo JtAOUOW)V xm mo EuxoAa EX[tEtaAAEuOL[twV OQUXELWV OtT]V A[tEQLXr]. I'i.' auto £JtCOE T] a~La rou XQuoacpwu XaL rou aOT][twu OE 0X£OT] [tE tc uJtoAOLJta E!lJToQEu[tata. OL EQyatES; E~axoAou80uoav YLa tT]V EQyanxr] tOUS; Mva[tT] va JtaLQvouv oJtwS; XaL JtQLV tT]V L()La [ta~a vojuouoroJtOLT][t£VOU aOT][twu. H XQT][tanxr] n[tr] tT]S; EQyaoLas; toix £[tELVE T] L()La, XaL ouro; £JtCOE 0 [tw8oS; tT]S; EQyaoLas; roix, YLatL OE aVtaAAay[ta YLa tT]V L()La nooorrrro aOT][tLOu mmQvav Eva [tLXQOtEQO nooo cno r' aAAa E!lJToQEu[tata. KL anOt£ACOE auto Eva coto tc JtEQWtanXa rtou JtQow8T]oav tT]V aU~T]oT] tou xEcpaAaLou, tT]V E[tcpaVWT] tT]S; aonxr]S; ta~T]S; OtO 160 cuovc.

AS; JtaQou[tE [tLa aAAT] JtEQLJttWOT]. To XEL[twva tou 1847 av£BT]xav oT][tavnxa OL n[t£S; tWV mo anaQaL tT]tWV usoorv ()LatQocpr]S;, rou OtaQLOu, tOU xQ£atos;, rou BoutuQou, tou tUQLOU XAn., E~aLtLas; [tLas; xaxr]S; OO()ELas;. AS; uJt08£00U[tE on OL EQyatES; maLQvav oJtWS; XaL JtQLV to L()LO rtooo XQr]uoro; YLa rnv EQyanxr] roix Mva[tT]. ~EV dXE Jt£OEL 0 [tL- 08oS; tT]S; EQyaoLas; tOUS;; Kot B£BaLa mco£. Ttn ta L()La XQr][tata maLQvav OtT]V avtaAAaYr] ALYOtEQO '\jJW[tL, xQ£as;, XAn. o [tw8oS; tT]S; EQyaoLas; tOUS; dXE Jt£OEL, OXL YLatL mcoE T] a~La rou aOT][tLOu, aAAa YLatL aU~r]8T]XE T] a~La tWV tQOCPL[tWV.

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AC; UJ[08EOOU!J,E lEAOC; 01L l] XQl]!J,a1LX1l 1L!J, 1l 1l]C; EQyaoLac; !J,EVEL l] L()La, EVW EmOaV 01l]V 1L!J,1l lOUC; OAa tc E!!JtOQEU!J,aTa 1l]C; YEWQYLac; XaL 1l]C; BLO!J,l]xaVLac; A6yw 1l]C; XQl]OL!J,OJ[OLl]Ol]C; VEWV !J,l]xaVWV, A6yw EUVO'LXWV XaLQLXWV O'UV- 8l]xWV XAn. ME 10 L()W XQ1l!J,a !!JtOQOUV OL EQY<XTEC; va ayoQU~O'UV lWQa J[EQW001EQa E!!JtOQEU!J,aTa OAWV lWV EL()Wv. AUs1l8l]XE, AOLJ[OV, 0 !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac; lOUC;, aXQLBwc; YLaTL ()EV UAAaSE l] XQl]!J,a1LX1l lOU aSLa.

H XQl]!J,a1LX1l 1L!J,1l 1l]C; EQyaoLac;, 0 ovo!J,a01LXOC; !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac;, ()E OU!!JtL:Jl1EL, AOLJ[OV, !J,E lOV J[QaY!J,a1LXO !J,L- 0801l]C; EQyaoLac;, ()l]A. !J,E 10 nooo lWV E!!JtOQEU!J,U1WV J[OU J[QaY!J,a1LXU ()L VOV1aL oov aV1UAAaY!J,a YLa 10 !J,W801l]C; EQyaoLac;. 'Olav, AOLJ[OV, !J,LAOU!J,EyLa aUSl]Ol] 1l YLa J[1WOl] lOU !J,w80u EQyaoLac;, 101E ()EV J[QEJtEL va J[aLQvou!J,E uJ[O'4'l] !J,ac; !J,ovuxa rn XQl]!J,a1Lx1l 1L!J,1l 1l]C; EQyaoLac;, 10V ovouoonxo !J,w80 1l]C; EQyaoLac;.

Ma OU1E 0 ovo!J,ao1LXOC; !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac;, ()l]A. 10 XQl]!J,a1LXO J[OOO J[OU YL' mrro 0 EQYUll]C; J[OUALElaL 010V xcmlaAW11l, OU1E 0 J[QaY!J,auxoc; !J,w80c; EQyaoLac;, ()l]A. 10 J[OOO lWV E!!JtOQEU!J,U1WV non !J,J[OQEL va ayoQuoEL !J,E rc XQ1l!J,aTa aUlu, EsavlAouv 1LC; 0XEOELC; nou J[EQLXAELVOVlaL 010 !J,w80 1l]C; EQyaoLac;.

o !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac; xa80QL~E1aL oxouo an' 1l] 0XEon lOU J[QOC; 10 XEQ()OC;, J[QOC; 10 XEQ()OC; lOU xamlaAW11l, ouro EL VaL 0 OUYXQL 1LXOC;, 0 0XE1LXOC; !J,w80c; l11C; EQyaoLac;.

o J[QaY!J,a1Lxoc; !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac; CXCPQU~EL rnv 1L!J,1l 1l]C; EQyaoLac; OE 0XEOl] !J,E tnv 1L!J,1l lWV UJ[OAOLJ[WV E!J,J[OQEU!J,U1WV, EVW 0 0XE1LXOC; !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac; EXCPQU~EL 10 !J,EQL()W 1l]C; U!J,EOl]C; EQyaoLac; 01l]V XaLVOUQYLa aSLa J[OU J[aQ1lyaYE l] L()La, OE OUYXQWl] !J,E 10 !J,EQL()W J[OU J[ECP1EL 01l] OUOOWQEU!J,EVl] EQyaoLa, 010 XEcpUAaLO.

ELJ[a!J,E mo J[UVW OEA. 26 01L: «0 !J,w80C; 1l]C; EQyaoLac;

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()EV dvm EVa ~EQL()lO TOU EQyaTl] OTO q,lJ[oQEu~a JWU EXEL JtaQaYEL 0 L()lOS;. 0 ~w80S; Tl]S; EQyaoLas; d vet TO ~EQOS; exetvo TLOV E~oQEu~aTCDv nou JtQouJtrlQxa-y xm nouu' auta 0 xEcpaAmoxQaTl]S; ayoQatEL YLa TOV £aUTO TOU Eva OQW~Evo rtooo JtaQaYCDYLXrlS; EQyanXrlS; Mva~l]S;.» Autov O~CDS; TO ~w80 Tl]S; EQyaoLas; JtQEJtEL 0 xEcpaAmoxQaTl]S; va TOV avaJtAl]QwOEL JtaAL cno Tl]V n~rl OTl]V onoto JtOUAa TO nootov JtOU JtaQrlyaYE 0 EQyaTl]S;, JtQEJtEL va TOV aVanAl]QWOEL ETOL JtOU va TOU ~EVEL xaVOVLxa xm Eva JtEQLooEU~a, Eva XEQ()OS; JtavCD cero rc E~O()a JtaQaYCDYrlS; non exove. H n~rl Tl]S; JtWAl]Ol]S; TOU E~oQEu~aTos; rtou JtaQrlyaYE 0 EQyaTl]S; ~oLQatETm YLa TOV xEcpaAmoxQaTl] OE TQLa ~EQl]: nQwTO, OTl]V cvnxotnotnon Tl]S; n~rlS; TCDV JtQWTCDV UAWV nou JtQoxataBArl8l]XaV aJt' mnov, ~atL ~E Tl]V ovnxcrcOTaOl] Tl]S; cp80Qas; TCDV EQyaAdCDv, TCDV ~l]xavwv xm TCDV aAACDv ~EOCDV EQyaoLas; nou JtQoxmaBArl8l]XaV EJtLOl]S; an' curov. LlEVTEQO, OTl]V ovnxctcotcon TOU ~w80u Tl]S; EQyaoLas; nou dXE JtQoxmaBAl]8d an' curov. Kru TQ{TO OTO JtEQLooEU~a mrvco aJt' cute, OTO XEQ()OS; TOU xEcpaAmoxQaTl]. Evr» TO JtQWTO ~EQOS; avnxa8wTa ~ovaxa an' ta nQLV vnaQxovaE~ a~{E~, etvot cpavEQo on, TOOO l] cvuxoTaOTaOl] TOU ~w80u Tl]S; EQyaoLas; 000 xm TO JtEQWOEUOU~EVO XEQ()OS; TOU XEcpaAmOXQaTl] OTO OUVOAO TOUS;, JtaLQVOVTm cato T'fJ vEa a~{a, nov c5'f/{lLOvQy1j8rp-cE iu: T'f/ c50vAELa TOV EQyaT'f/ xm nou JtQOOTE8l]XE ons; JtQWTES; UAES;. Kru u' aVT1j T'f/V EWOW ~OQOU~E, TOOO TO ~L080 Tl]S; EQyaoLas; 000 xm TO XEQ()OS;, YLa va tc OUYXQLVOU~E ~ETa~u TOUS;, va tc 8ECDQrlOOU~E oc ~EQl] TOU JtQO·t:OVTOS; TOU EQyaTl].

o JtQay~anxos; ~w80S; Tl]S; EQyaoLas; ~oQd va ncoo~EVEL 0 L()WS;, ~oQd oxouc xm va ~EyaAWVEL, xm JtaQOAa aUTa va JtECPTEL 0 0XETLXOS; ~w80s; Tl]S; EQyaoLas;. AS; uno- 8EOOU~E, A.X., on OL n~ES; OACDV TCDV ~EOCDV OUVTrlQl]Ol]S; EJtE-

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oov XUTU 2/3, EVW to usooxcuoro mWE !lOVUxa xatu 1/3, A.X., cno 3 OE 2 !luQxa. Av XaL 0 EQYUtl]~!l' mJtu ro 2 !luQxa EXEL orn ()Lu8wi! ton Eva !lEyaAUtEQo nooo ceto E!lJtOQEU!lUTa cno on ELXE JtQOl]yoU!lEVa !lE to 3 !luQxa, WOtOOO o !lw8o~ tl]~ EQyaoLa~ ton !lLXQaL VE OE ouyxQWl] ue to XEQ()O~ tou xEcpaAaLOxQutl]. To XEQ()O~ tou xEcpaAaLOxQutl] (A.X., rou EQYOOtaOLUQXl]) a'U~i!8l]XE xatu Eva !luQxo, ()l]A. YLa Eva !lLXQOtEQO nooo cno aVtaUaxnxE~ a~LE~ nou JtAl]QWVEL 0 xEcpaAaLOxQutl]~ OtOV EQYUtl], 0 EQyUtl]~ d Val 'UJtOXQEW!lEVO~ v« JtaQuYEL Eva !lEyaAUtEQo rtooo avtaUaxnXE~ a~LE~ coto on JtaQi!yaYE JtQLV. To !lEQL()LO tou xEcpaAaLou OE 0XEOl] ue to !lEQnxo tl]~ EQyaoLa~ a'U~i!8l]xE. H xcroVO!li! rou XOLVWVLXOU JtAOUtO'U ovcueoo OtO XECPUAaLO XaL otnv EQyaoLa EYLVE oxouc mo aVWO!lEQl]. 0 xEcpaAaLOxQUtl]~ E~O'UOLU~H!lE to L()LO XECPUAaLO!lE !lEyaAUtEQl] noootnro cno EQyaoLa. MEYUAWOE l] E~o'UoLa tl]~ tU~l]~ tWV xcou taAWtwV mrvco ornv EQyanxi! tU~l], XHQOtEQE'UOE l] XaL VWVLXi! 8EOl] tou EQYUtl], QLXtl]XE XUTU !lLa ~a8!lL()a xa!ll]AOtEQa cno rn 8EOl] rou xEcpaAaLOxQutl].

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YLa TO £!ill6Q£U!lU TOU, tL T£ mw5ij uvm;av VEE; ayoQE; aT£ mfL()ij !l£YUAwoav on y!lLaLa ot avuyx£; on; JtaALE; ayoQE; XAn., on mO!lEVW; TO XEQ()O; TOU x£cpaAaLOxQUT1] unoQ£L v« !l£yaAwofL !l£ T1]V £;anUT1]01] TQLTWV x£cpaAaLOxQaTWV aV£;UQT1]Ta coto T1]V UVO()O ij T1]V JtTW01] TOU !lw80u T1]; £QyaoLa;, T1]; aVTanaxnxij; a;La; T1]; £QyanX'r]; bUva!l1];, £LT£ !illOQ£L v' aVE~£L TO XEQ()O; TOU x£cpaAaLOxQUT1] us T1]V T£AfLOJtOL1]01] TWV £QyaAtLWV T1]; ()OUA£LU;, ue YEa XQ1]OL!lOJtOL1]01] TWV ()UVU!l£WV T1]; CPU01]; XAn.

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ocp£QaJ[QLvarr6T1]V £CP£UQ£OiJT1]£, A.X., exnto rpouvnnnvn nevnvro, T6T£ YLa ro exoro aUTa qxnrvno c,£ 8a J[a(Qvw YLa J[aVTa OT1]V aVTaA'AaYiJ J[£QW06T£Qa £!illoQ£UlJ,ata arr' ott rnmQva J[QLV YLa ro nevnvto eoovno, YLat( rc E~Oc,a noQaywYiJ£ EmOaV OTO IJ,w6 iJ YLat( IJ,£ rc (c,La E~Oc,a !illOQW va J[QOOCPEQW c,LJ[Aamo nootov.

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XOS;,O ox£nxos; [1w80S; £Qyao(as; &v avl;'lj81]){E aUa £JfWE.

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'Y] £Qyanxil tas'Y] [,l£yaAwv£l xm aUsaVEl t'Y]V £x8Qlxil t'Y]r; Mvcur; tOY SEVO JtAOUtO JtOU t'Y]V £souolal;£l t600 Jt£Qw06- t£QO 8a t'Y]r; £mtQEJtnm XatW uno euvoixoteoe; ouv8i1x£r; va £Qyal;nm sava Yla t'Y]V aus'Y]O'Y] rou uottxou JtAOUtOU, Yla to [,l£yaAW[,la t'Y]r; £sOUOLar; tOU x£cpaAaLOU, xm 8a JtQEJtEl v« 'voi £UXaQWt'Y][,lEV'Y] on 0cpuQ'Y]Aatd Yla tOY ecuto t'Y]r; nr; XQUOEr; aAUOLCl£r; us tu; OJtOL£r; tn OEQVEl 'Y] aonxil tas'Y] «no JtLOW t'Y]r;.

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A; £snaoou[,l£, AOlJt6v, to l;i1t'Y][,la mo A£JttO[,l£QElaxa:

Il ex; EJrd5Qa n aVS'fJO'fJ rov JraQaywy~xov xeqasaio» Jravw oro I1W()6 in; EQyao[a~;

Otov ausav£l to JtaQaywYlx6 x£cpaAmo t'Y]r; aonxilr; xOlvwvLar; oro ouvoM tOU, tots OUVt£A£Ltm [,lla mo oA6- JrAEVQ'fJ ouoowQ£uo'Y] £QyaoLar;. Ot x£cpaAmoxQat£r; ausavouv O£ aQl8[,l6 xm O£ ocroon. H avs'fJO'fJ tWV x£cpaAaLwv [,l£yaAWVEl to avvavosvcouo avoueaa orov~ xEq;aAawxQate; Oi avsav6l1EvE~ tuaataoeu; tWV x£cpaAaLwv ClL vouv rc

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I-lEOa v« O()llYl]S01JV axoua JUO rEQ6o'UE~ otoatux; eovaubv, fJ,E axoua JUO y£ y6vua JrOAEfJ,£x6 eovaseia oro {3WfJ,1]Xav£x6 JrE(j{O fJ,6X1]~.

Movaxa JtO'UAcl:JV'"W~ mo cptl]va I-lJtOQEL 0 Eva~ 'XEcpaAaLO'XQatl]~ v« E'XtOJtLOEL toy aAAO «no to JtE()LO tl]~ l-laXl]~ 'XaL v« 'Xata'Xti]oEL to 'XEcpaAaLO tou, Itc v« I-lJtOQEL va nouAa mo cptl]va, XWQL~ v« 'XataOtQacpEL, EL Val 'UJtOXQEWI-lEVO~ va JtaQaYEL mo cptl]va, ()l]A. va aVE~a1;EL 000 to ()'UVatO JtEQWOOtEQO tnv JtaQaYWYL'Xi] Mval-ll] tl]~ EQyaoLa~. 'OI-lW~ l] JtaQaYWYL'Xi] Mval-ll] tl]~ EQyaoLa~ I-lEyaAwvEL JtQL v aJt' OAa I-lE Eva fJ,EyaAvrEQo xatausoiouo in; eovaoiai; I-lE I-lLa mo OAOJtAE'UQl] Ewaywyi] 'XaL ()LaQ'Xi] tEAELOJtOLl]Ol] rwv fJ,1]xavwv. '000 I-lEyaA 1JtEQO~ d Val 0 OtQatO~ tWV EQyatWV avaueoo OtOV OJtOLO 'XataVEI-lEtaL l] EQyaoLa, OE 000 mo YLyavue 'XALl-la'Xa etoovovttn OL l-ll]xaVE~ tOOO mo 'XaQJtocpoQa YL VEtaL l] EQyaoLa. I'r' rnrto YEVVLEtaL I-lLa OAOJtAE'UQl] aI-lLAAa cvcueoo oroix 'XEcpaAaLo'XQatE~, tOOO YLa v« I-lEyaAw- 00'UV toy 'XaWI-lEQWI-l0 tl]~ EQyaoLa~ 'XaL YLa va a'U~i]oo'UV tOY aQLSI-lO tWV I-ll]Xavwv 000 'XaL YLa va tu; E'XI-lEtaAAE1JOvtrn OE 000 to ouvcto I-lEyaA 1JtEQl] 'XALl-la'Xa.

IIw~ Sa EVEQyi]OEL, AOLJtOV, 0 'XEcpaAaLo'XQatl]~ rrou ~Qi]'XE to I-lEOO, I-lE Eva I-lEyaA1JtEQo 'XataI-lEQWI-l0 tl]~ EQyaoLa~, I-lE tn XQl]OLI-lOJtOLl]Ol] 'XaL rnv tEAELOJtOLl]Ol] VEWV I-ll]xavwv, I-lE rnv mo rnwcpEAi] 'XaL mo l-la~L'Xi] E'XI-lEtaAAE'UOl] tWV CP'UOL'XWV ()'UVaI-lEWV, v« ()l]I-lLO'UQYEL I-lE to L()LO nooo EQyaoLa~ i] O'UOOWQE'UI-lEVl]~ EQyaoLa~ Eva I-lEyaA1JtEQo nooo cno JtQo·LOVta, cno EI-lJt0QE1Jl-lata, aJt' o.n ()l]I-lLO'UQY01JV OL aAAOL avtaywVWtE~ tou; IIw~ Sa EVEQyi]OH, A.X., 0 'XEcpaAaLo'XQUtl]~ nou 1-lJt0QEL va JtaQuYEL tvov Jti]X'U JtavL OtO L()LO EQyaOLI-l0 XQovo nou OL avtaywVWtE~ rou XQHU~OVtaL YLa va JtaQuy0'UV I-lWO Jti]X'U ncvt:

E>a 1-lJt0Q01JOE v« E~a'XoAo'USi]oH va Jto'UAa to I-lWO Jti]-

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XU naVl OTl]V nQOl]YOUf.,lEVl] LLf.,lYJ Tl]r; aYOQar;, aUTO ouo»; ()E 8a anOTEAOUOE f.,lEOO Yla v« EXTOnlOH TOUr; aVLLnaAO'llr; tou cero TO nEOlO Tl]r; f.,laXl]r; xm Yla va f.,lEyaAQ)OEl rn OlXla rou Jt(DAl]Ol]. Ma OTOV lOW Ba8f.,l0 nou EJtEXTa8l]XE l] naQaywyYJ tou, EJtEXTa8l]XE Yl' uutov xm l] avaYXl] Tl]r; nWAl]Ol]r;. Ta mo WX'llQa xm tn mo aXQlBa f.,lEOa naQaywYYJr; nou ECPEQE OTl] l;wYJ, BEBma TOV xavovv [xav6 v« nO'llAa mo CPTl]Va TO Ef.!JtOQE'Uf.,la rou, f.,la Ta'llToXQova TOV avayxa~ovv va .novAa neoiaooteoa eunooeouata, TOV avayxal;ow va xmaxTYJOH f.,lla aouyxQlTa JUO fJ£yaA17 ayoQa Yla ro Ef.!JtOQEUf.,lma tou, 0 XECPaAmOXQaTl]r; f.,lar;, AOlJtOV, 8a nO'llA YJOH mo cpTl]»« TO uioo nYJX'll nnvt «no TOUr; aAAO'llr; aVTaywVWTEr; tou,

o XECPaAmOXQaTl]r; ouo»; 010 8a nO'llAYJoEl OAOXAl]QO TOV nYJX'll TOOO CPTl]Va 000 nO'llAOUV ot aVTaYWVWTEr; tou TO iu- 00 nYJX'll, av xm l] naQaywyYJ OAOX.Al]QO'll tou nYJX'll OEV tou OTOlXll;H nEQWOOTEQO an' O,LL OTOlXlSH croix aAAO'llr; 0 uioo; nYJx'llr;. AAAlWLLxa 010 8a EByaSE naQanaVlOlO XEQOOr;, aAAa 8a EnmQVE moro OTl]V aVTaAAayYJ f.,lOVaXa to E;ooa naQaywyYJr;. Ta EVOEx0f.,lEVa f.,lEyaAUTEQa EOOOa tou 8a nooEQXOVTaV EJtOf.,lEVWr; crto TO YEyovor; OLL EBaAE 010 Xl vnon usyaAuTEQo XEcpaAmO, 0Xl ouo»; cno TO YEyovor; OLL a;wnotnoe TO XEcpaAmO rou mo nOAu cno TOUr; aAAO'llr;. EXTOr; an' aUTO mT'Uxal VH TO oxono nou 8EAEl vo. mTuXEl xa80- QlSOVTar; Tl]V LLf.,lYJ tou Ef.!JtoQEUf.,lmOr; rou f.,lOVaXa xma ueQlxa EXaTOOTa xaf.,ll]AOTEQa cno Tl]V LLf.,lYJ TWV cvrcvorviOTWV rou, Tour; EXTOnlsH cno TO mOlo Tl]r; f.,laXl]r;, TOUr; anoona TO'llAaXWTOV Eva f.,lEQOr; Tl]r; nOUAl]OYJr; TOUr;, novAwvra~ mo CPTl]Va an' amour;. TEAOr;, ar; 8'llf.,ll]80uf.,lE OLL l] TQEXO'llOa LLf.,lYJ BQloxETm novt« navos, YJ xau» an' ta E~O{ja naQaywyfJ~, aVaAOya ue TO av l] nWAl]Ol] EVOr; Ef.!JtOQEUucro; nEcpTEl OTl]V EWO'LXYJ YJ ern ()'llOf.,lEVYJ Yla rn BWf.,ll]xavto moxYJ rou sroi«; AVaAOya ue TO xma nooo l] LLf.,lYJ Tl]r;

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aYOQar; evo; rrilX'u ncvioo ~QLoX£Tm XatW etre rravw, «no r« wr; tore 0'UV1]8W[1EVa ton El;oba rraQaywYilr;, 8' ana~0'UV rc noooorc rrou 0 X£CPaAmOXQat1]r; rrou XQ1]Ol[1orroL- 1]0£ YEa, mo cotooonxc [1EOa rraQaywYilr;, rrO'UAa rravw crto rc rrQaY[1atLXa rou El;oba rraQaywYilr;.

M6vo nou to noovouio rou X£CPaAmOXQat1] b£ ~aOta rroAu. AnOL X£CPaAmOXQat£r; nou tOY o'UVaywvL~ovtm Horryouv tLr; LbL£r; [11]xaVEr;, £cpaQ[16~0'UV toy Lbw xata[1£QL- 0[16 t1]r; £QyaoLar;, tc £cpaQ[16~0'UV a'Uta Ot1]V LbLa iI oe [1£yaA Ut£Q1] xAL[1axa. Kot 1] HoaywyiI a'Util8a Y£VLX£'UtEL t6- 00, worro'U 1] tL[1i1 tou rtcvtoo 8a XatE~H 6XL [10VaXa XatW ano ta JraAui, ana XatW xm ano ux YEa El;o<5a naoavtoyrj~rov.

OL X£CPaAmOXQat£r; ~QLoxovtm mO[1EVWr; a[1OL~aLa Ot1]V LbLa XataOta01], ornv onoto ~QLoxovtav JrQLV cno t1]V £waywyil tWV VEWV [1EOWV rraQaywYilr;, XL av [1£ rc [1EOa outo. unoooov v« noooceoow bLrrAaOW rrQo'C6v Ot1]V LbLa u[1i1, etvot tiooa 'UrroXQ£W[1EVOL va rrQoocpEQO'UV bLrrAaOlO nootov xau» an' t1]V rraALa tL[1i1. Ilnvoi Ot1] ~a01] ourorv torv VEWV £1;6bwv rraQaywYilr; l;avaQxL~H to Lbw rrmxvLbL. II£Qw06t£Qor; xata[1£Qw[16r; t1]r; £QyaoLar;, rr£Qw06t£Q£r; [11]xaVEr;, [1£yaAUt£Q1] xAL[1axa £X[1£taAA£'U01]r; tou xcrcusQW[10U t1]r; £QyaoLar; xm tWV [11]xavwv. Kor 0 o'UVaYWVL- 0[16r; rrQoxaAEL l;aVa t1]V LbLa avtLbQao1] evcvnc 0' «uro to arrOtEA£O[1a.

BAErrO'U[1£ EtoL rrwr; ovcroenovroa, rrwr; encvcorcuxonotouvtru bLaQXWr; 0 toono; rraQaywYilr; xm ro [1EOa rraQaywYilr;, nox; 0 xatausoiauot; r11~ eovaouu; JrQoxaAEi avavxaous«: Evav axoua nio tJ,EyaAo xataueoiouo r11~ eovaoiai; 11 XQ11attJ,oJroi11011 tJ,11xavwv tJ,W cxoua tJ,EyakurEQ11 XQ11attJ,oJroi11011 tJ,11xavwv, 11 <5ovAaa OE tJ,EyaA11 xAitJ,axa, <5ovAaa OE oxou« tJ,EyakurEQ11 xAitJ,axa.

-55 -

Auto; E( Val 0 v61l0~ JWU Bya~EL bLaQXW~ tnv aouxi) noQaywyi) £l;w arr' rnv J[aALa 1l]~ lQOXLa XaL J[OU avayxa~H 10 XEcpaAaLO va EVltL VEL u~ J[aQaywYLXE~ b'UVaIlH~ 1l]~ EQyao(a~, YWTi w; EXEL EVltL VH 0 v61l0~ aVT6~, 0 v61l0~ rrou bEV 10 acpi)vH i)ouxo XaL J[OU OAOEva lOU 1l0UQIlOUQ(~H:

EI-lJtQ6~, EI-lJtQ6~!

L\EV J[Q6XELlaL J[aQa YLa 10 v61l0 nou IlEoa otu; bLaxullaVOH~ lWV EI-lJtOQLXWV J[EQL6bwv wocpaQ(~H cvcvxoonxa rnv Hili) Ev6~ EI-lJtOQEUIla10~ IlE rc E;ooa naQaywY1]~ WV.

'000 lEQaoua IlEoa J[aQaywyi)~ XL av CPEQH 010 mb(o 1l]~ llaXl]~ Eva~ XEcpaAaLOXQall]~, 0 o'UVaywvwIl6~ Sa La veVLXEUOEL auta tn IlEoa J[aQaywyi)~, XaL coto rn oUYIli) J[OU Sa rc EXEL YEVLXEUOH, l] 1l0vabLxi) Emlux(a 1l]~ IlEyaAulEQl]~ cotooouxotnu«; lOU XEcpaAa(ou lOU tL Val ou E( Val teoQa uJ[OXQEWIlEVO~ via T11V ioux '[£111] va J[QOOCPEQEL 10, 20, 1 00 CPOQE~ mQw061EQa aJ[6 on J[Q60CPEQE J[QOl]youIlEva. KaL €JtHbi) (OW~ tL Val uJ[OXQEWIlEVO~ vo. J[ouAa 1.000 qoQE~ J[EQw061EQa, YLa v« wO~UY(~EL IlE tn IlEyaAulEQl] Ila~a lOU J[Qo·l6vlO~ nou J[ouAaH tn Xalll]A01EQl] ulli) J[OUAl]Oi)~ lOU, YLa1( arraLltL laL lwQa IlLa lla~Lx61EQl] J[WAl]<Jl] 6XL uovaxa YLa va xEQb(~EL mQwo61EQa Ila YLa va aVarrAl]QwvEL rc El;oba J[aQaywyi)~ -10 (bw 10 6Qyavo (EQyaAtLo) ncooywyi)~ y( VHaL, 6J[w~ E(baIlE, 6AO XaL mo aXQLB6 - XaL €JtELbi) aUli) l] lla~Lxi) J[WAl]Ol] bEV EYLVE ~i)ll]lla ~wi)~ 1J,0vaxa YL' aU16v, aAAa XaL YLa lOU~ ovrcvcovtote; lOU, savaQX(~H 0 J[aAL6~ aywva~ T60'O nio EVWVO~ 600 rao catoooux« et vm ta I1Eoa naQaywY1]~ nov EXOVV Ef{JEVQE8Ei. 0 xaml1EQwl16~ T11~ eovaoiai; xai 11 XQ11OLI10noi11011 TWV l111xavwv 8a ;avaorioouv. Amn6v, cato T11V aQX1] OE aovYXQ£ ta I1EyaAvTEQ11 xAil1axa.

OOl]bi)J[OtE XL av tL Val l] bUvalll] tWV IlEOWV J[aQaywyi)~

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JWU XQljOlI-WJtol~8rp<av, 0 O'UVaywVLO[,lO~ JtQooJta8£( v« acpmQEOH crto to x£cp6.Amo toix; XQUOO1J~ xaQJtou~ aut~~ tlj~ Mva[,llj~, av6.yovta~ rnv n[,l~ tOU £[!JtoQ£u[,lato~ oro EsO()a JtaQaywy~~ [,l£ to on JtaQ6.YH ornv (()la EXtaOlj cptljVOt£Qa, ()ljAa()~ on [!JtoQd us to (()LO nooo £Qyao(a~ va ncQ6.YH Jt£QLOOOt£Qa, xovovrcc; em toxuxo VO[,lO rnv mo CPtljV~ JtaQaywy~, ()ljA. tnv JtQOOCPOQ6. Yla rnv (()la n[,l~ [,lla~ OAOEva ausavo[,l£Vlj~ [,l6.sa~ cno JtQo·(oVta. 'Etm 0 x£cpaAmoxQ6.tlj~, ue n~ ()lXE~ ton n~ JtQOOJt6.8H£~, ()£ 8a 'XH X£Q()(OH rutote 6.AAO «no rnv UJt0XQEWOlj va JtQOOCPEQH neQLOOOt£Qa [,lEOa OtOV (()LO £QY6.Ol[,lO XQOVO, ue [,lla Hslj 8a 'XH x£Q()(O£l DvaxoA6TEQov~ 6Qov~ aswnoir}af]~ rov XEqasoio» TOV. I'r' auto, £VW 0 o'UVaywVLO[,lO~ toy Xata()lWX£l ()laQxw~ [,l£ to VO[,lO tou tWV £SO()WV JtaQaywy~~, xm £VW x6.8£ OJtAO nou ocpuQljAatd evovnc oroix avnJt6.Aou~ tOU OtQEcpnm oav OJtAO evovnc orov (()LO, 0 x£cpaAmoxQ6.tlj~ JtQooJta8d ()laQxw~ v« S£Y£AaOH to o'UVaywVLO[,lO, £L06.YOVta~ axat6.J'tauta VE£~ [,lljxaVE~ nou dvm aXQl~ot£Q£~, JtaQ6.yo'UV O[,lW~ mo cptljv6., Ho6.YOVta~ VEOU~ xcro[,l£QLO[,lOU~ tlj~ ()OUAH6.~ ern 8EOlj tWV JtaAlWV, XWQ(~ va Jt£Ql[,lEVH tocue tlj ony[,l~ nou 0 o'UVaywVLO[,lO~ 8a 'XH noAlWO£l tu; VE£~ [,lljxaVE~ xm roue VEOU~ Xata[,l£QLO[,lOU~ tlj~ ()OUA£l6.~.

A~ qxrvtootouue tWQa aut~ rnv JtuQ£tW()lj x( vnon tautOXQova a' 6Af] Tf]V navxooiua ayoQa xm 8a avnAljcp80u[,l£ Jtw~ lj aUsljOlj, lj OUOOWQ£UOlj xru lj OUYXEVtQWOlj rou xecpaAa(ou ouvencvovrct ivo» xcroueocouo tlj~ £Qyao(a~, nou aUtO£JtltaXUvnm xm nou £cpaQ[,lOsnm ()laQxw~ O£ mo [,l£Y6.A lj xA([,laXa xa8w~ xm rn XQljOl[,lOJtO (ljOlj VEWV xm tnv t£AHOJtO(ljOlj tWV JtaAlWV [,lljxavwv.

Ilti»; 611W~ ta YEyov6ra auto; nov DEV f1JrOQOVV va xwoiotouvano Tf]VaVSf]af] TOV naQaYWYLXOV XEcpaAaiov, EJrL-

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<5QOVV navw orov xa80Qwl16 rov I1w80v T1}r; eovaoiac;

o IJ,EyaAUtEQO~ XaraI1EQWI16r; T1}r; eovcouu; XaVEllXavo £vav EQyat'Y] va xaVEl t'Y] DO'UAEla 5, 10,20 EQyatWV: IJ,EyaAWVEl, AOlJt6v, to owaywvwIJ,6 ovoueou croix EQyatE~ xata 5, 10 xm 20 cpoQ£~. Oi EQyatE~ DE owaywv(~OVtm IJ,Eta;U roix IJ,Ovaxa JtO'UAwvta~ 0 £va~ tOY Ea'UT6 roo mo cpt'Y]va ono tOY aAAo. LwaYWV(~OVtm EJt(O'Y]~ IJ,Eta;u toix xcvovrcc 0 Evar; t'Y] DO'UAEla 5, 10,20 EQyatWV. Km 0 xara11EQw116r; T1}r; eovaouu; nou EcpaQ1J,6~Etm coto to xEcpaAmo, xm rrou DlaQxw~ IJ,EyaAwvEl, avayxa~El roix EQyatE~ va xovouv nutou tou E(DO'U~ to owcvorvrouo IJ,Eta~U toix.

I1aQaxatw: LtO ~aB1J,6 nou IJ,EyaAWVEl 0 xoioueoiouo; T1}r; eovoouu; ansoxoieitai 'Y] Do'UAEla. Xova tnv a;(a t'Y]~ 'Y] lDla(tEQ'Y] EmDE;l6t'Y]ta tou EQyat'Y]. 0 EQyat'Y]~ IJ,EtatQ£rtetru OE IJ,la anM, uovotovn JtaQaywYlxij MvalJ,'Y] nou DE XQEla~Etm va xata~aAAEl OUtE OWlJ,anxij OUtE nveuurmxij JtQooJta8Ela.

H eovcoto tou y(vEtm sovcoto nou etvm JtQOOltij OE 6AO'U~. I'r' a'UT6 JtQOOtQ£Xow avtaywvwt£~ an' 6AE~ n~ IJ,EQl£~, xm XWQla aJt' outo a~ 8'U1J,'Y]80uIJ,E on, 600 mo anAa, 600 mo EuxoAa !J,JtoQd va IJ,aBEl xavd~ rn DO'UAEla, 600 Al y6tEQa £;oDa JtaQaywyij~ XQEla~ovtm Yla va t'Y]V xaVEL xavd~ xtijlJ,a tou t600 mo xalJ,'Y]Aa Jt£cptEl 0 IJ,wB6~ t'Y]~ EQyao(a~, Ylat(, 6Jtw~ xm 'Y] nlJ,ij xaBE aAAO'U E!J,JtOQEUlJ,aroc, xaBOQ(~Etm Xl «uro; coto tc £~ODa JtaQaywyij~ tou,

Eto (3a8116, Aotn6v, nov 1} eovaota ixavoxoui s; y6TEQO aVT6v nov T1}V EXTEAEi, oto (3a8116 nov yi VETat ][[0 anoxQovanx1j, arov ioio (3a8116 au;aVEt 0 ouvavcoviouot; xai nEC{JTH 0 I1w86r; T1}r; EQyaaiar;. 0 EQyat'Y]~ JtQooJta8d va D urt'Y]QijOEl t'Y] IJ,a~a tou IJ,w80U t'Y]~ EQyao(a~ tou, DO'UAEUOVta~ JtEQW06tEQO, etre DO'UAEUOVta~ JtEQW06tEQE~ WQE~ E(tE JtQOOCP£QOVta~ JtEQw06tEQa ueoo ornv (Dla wQa. Y Jt0XQE-

-58 -

WI-lEVOt; crto rnv av6.YXlJ, auS6.VH, AOLJtOV, rc oAE8QLa cnotEAE0l-lata tOU XataI-lEQWI-l01J tlJt; EQyaoLat;. To aJtOtEAEou« d vm OtL: 600 JrEQwa6TEQo (jOVAEVE~ tooo {UXQ6TEQO ~w()6 Jra[QVEL, XL curo YLa tOY an:A01JOtatO Myo, OtL OtO ~a8l-lo nou ouvaywvL~Hm tou; OUVEQy6.tEt; tou, orov Lc>W ~a8l-lo C>lJl-lwuQyd coto toix OUVEQy6.tEt; tOU 6.AAOUt; roooix avtaywvWtEt;, nou JtQOOq:JEQOUV tOY ecuto tour; I-lE roix Lc>wut; xoxou; oQOUt; oJtWt; XL autot;, OtL, EJt0I-lEVWt;, OE teAEutaLa av6.AUOlJ avvaywv[~ETat TOV [&0 TOV £OVT6 TOV, TOV £OVT6 TOV oa ~EAO~ T1}~ EQyauxiJ~ Ta;1}~.

OL I-llJXaVEt; JtQoxaA01JV tc LC>La an:OtEAEOl-lata OE JtOAlJ mo JtAatL6. xALl-laxa, ExtoJtL~ovtat; toix; EmC>EsWUt; EQY6.tEt; I-lE toix I-llJ EmC>EsWUt;, rou; 6.VtQEt; cno tLt; yuvaLXEt;, rou; EvilALxout; «no rc JtmC>L6. XL Exd rrou YLa JtQWtlJ q:JOQ6. aocvovro, OL I-llJXaVEt;, mtwvtat; OtOUt; C>Q0I-l0Ut; xat6.I-l6.~Et; toix XELQwvaXtLX01Jt; EQy6.tEt;, XL EXEL nou OL I-llJXaVEt; cvcrcrcooovror, tEAHOJtOW1JVtm, avtLxata8Lotavtm I-lE aJtoC>OtLXotEQEt; I-llJXaVEt;, C>LwXVOVtat; roix EQy6.tEt; xat6. I-lLXQEt; OI-l6.C>Et;. IIEQLYQ6.\jJaI-lE JtW Jt6.vw I-lE ouvrouto to ~WI-llJxaVLXo JtOAEI-lO tWV XEq:JaAmOXQatWv I-lHaS1J roix. 0 Jr6- AE~O~ aVT6~ EXE~ TO xaQaXT1}Qwux6 6u O~ ~aXE~ a' aVT6v XEQ(j[~OVTat A~ y6TEQO ~E T1} otoatosovia xai JrEQwa6TEQO ~E T1}V aJr6A uon TOV aTQaTOV TWV EQyaTWV. O~ aTQaT1}YO[, O£ XEcpaAaWXQaTE~, avvaYWV[~OVTat ~Era;v TOV~, JrOW~ ~OQE[ va aJrOAVaEL JrEQwa6TEQOV~ cpaVTaQOV~ T1}~ f3w~1}xav[a~.

Etvot aAil8Ha OtL OL OLXOV0l-loMyOL I-lat; C>LlJY01JVtm JtWt; OL EQy6.tEt; rrou EYLvav JtEQLttoL coro ru; I-llJxaVEt; ~QLoxouv VEOV~ XA6.C>OUt; aJtaoxOAlJOlJt;.

L\EV tOAI-l01JV 0l-lwt; va WxuQWt01JV aVOLXT6. OtL OL LC>WL OL EQy6.tEt; rro» an:oA1J8lJxav tOJt08Et01JVtm OE VEOUt; XA6.C>OUt; EQyaoLat;. Ta YEyovota q:Jwv6.~ouv JtOA1J C>uvat6. EV6.-

-59-

vue 0' aUTO TO '\jJElJ,a. LTYlV ouotc WX'UQL~OVTaL IJ,OVO on YEa IJ,EOa anaOxoAYlOYlt; S' avOlXTOvv yt' aHa ouotatixa 1),EQ'f/ T'f/~ EQyanxi}~ Ta!;'f/~, AX, via TO TfJiJlla TYlt; VEat; EQYaTLXi]t; YEvLat;, nou rrrov ETOLIJ,O v« maOEL 60'UAELa OTO ~wIJ,YlxaVLXo xAa60 nou xaSYlxE. AUTo anoTEAd cp'U<JLxa IJ,EyaAYl ixovoxornon YLa TO'Ut; EQyaTEt; rtou rnwav. OL XVQLOl XEcpaAaLOxQaTEt; 6E Sa 'UnocpEQo'UV coto EAAEL'\jJYl VEat; EXIJ,ETaAAEvOLIJ,Ylt; oaQxat;, Sa Em TQE'\jJO'UV OTO'Ut; mSaIJ,EVO'Ut; va Sa'\jJo'Uv TO'Ut; VEXQOVt; TO'Ut;. E6w nQoxEL Tal nEQWOOTEQO YLa IJ,La naQYlYOQLa nou or aOTOL nQoocpEQO'UV OTOV L6w TOV £aUTO TO'Ut; naQa OTO'Ut; EQyaTEt;. Av OAYl Yl Ta~Yl TWV IJ,LOSWTWV EQya;rwv E~OVtWVoTav cno ru; IJ,YlxaVEt;, nooo CPQLXTO Sa 'rev curo YLa TO xEcpaAaLO, nou XWQLt; IJ,WSwTi] EQyaoLa naVEL va dVaL xEcpaAaLo!

At; 'UnoSEoo'UIJ,E OIJ,Wt; on OL EQyaTEt;, non OL IJ,YlxavEt; TO'Ut; exromocv alJ,wa cno TYl 60'UAELa XaL OAOXAYlQO TO XOlJ,IJ,an TYlt; VEat; YEVLat; nou naQaIJ,OVE'UE va ~QEL 60'UAELa 0' ourov TOV XA<i60 {3Q[OXOVV uux YEa anaOx6A'f/O'f/. Mrptcx nWTEvH xavELt; on Sa nAYlQwVETaL Yl YEa anaOXOAYlOYl to- 00 000 nA YlQwvowv Yl anYl nou xaoavE; A v yt v6rav aVT6, e' avtupaoxe fJ ' 6AOV~ TOV~ vouoix; in; oixovouuu; EL6aIJ,E nwt; yl oVYXQOVYl ~LolJ,YlxavLa o'UvEJtaynaL nrrvtc TYlV unoxctcorcon TYlt; OVVSETYlt; avwTEQYlt; anaOxoAYlOYlt; «no IJ,La mo anAi] XaTWTEQYl anaOxOAYlOYl.

llwt; Sa 'rev OIJ,Wt; 6'UVaTO IJ,La IJ,a~a coto EQyaTEt;, nou OL IJ,YlxaVEt; TO'Ut; nETa~av uno Eva ~LOIJ,YlxaVLXo XA<i60, v« ~Qo'UV xawcpvyw 0' Evav ano xAa60 XWQLt; v« J[A'f/QWVOVTm xafJ'f/A6TEQa, XEtQ6TEQa;

'EcpEQav oav E~aLQwYl TO'Ut; EQyaTEt; nou 60'UAEVO'UV OTYlV XaTaOXE'Ui] TWV L6LWV TWV IJ,Ylxavwv. MOALt; yl BLOIJ,YlxavLa ~YlTi]OEL XaL XQYlOLIJ,OnOli]oEL nEQWOOTEQEt; IJ,YlxaVEt;, Sa EnQEJtE OL IJ,YlxaVEt; V' a'U~YlSOVV avayxaonxa, mOIJ,EVWt;

-60-

v' aUs'Y]Bd XaL 'Y] xataOXwll !J,'Y]Xavwv xaBwt; XaL 'Y] «noOXOA'Y]O'Y] tWV EQyatWV Ot'Y]V XataOXWrl !J,'Y]xavwv. KaL OL EQYUtEt; JtOU XQ'Y]OL!J,OJtOL01JVtaL 0' curov to ~LO!J,'Y]xaVLXO XAUDO E(VaL ELDLXEU!J,EVOL, XaL !J,UAWta !J,OQCPW!J,EVOL EQYUtEt;.

Arto to 1840 XaL DW autot; XaL 0 cno JtQLV !J,woaA'Y]BLvo; WxuQw!J,Ot; EXaoE XuBE aA'Y]BocpuvELa, YLat( oxoev« XaL mo JtOA1JJtAEuQa XQ'Y]OL!J,OJtOLOuvtav OL !J,'Y]xaVEt; ornv xataoxwrl !J,'Y]xavwv, 01JtE mQwOotEQO 01JtE ALYOtEQO an' ou XQ'Y]OL!J,OJtOL01JVtaV ornv xataoxwrl XAWOtllt; cno ~a!J,~uXL, XaL OL EQYUtEt; rrou dVaL anaoxoA'Y]!J,EVOL ore EQYOOtUoio !J,'Y]xavwv unooooocv !J,JtQOt; otu; JtOA1J tEAELEt; !J,'Y]xaVEt; va Jta(~ouv !J,ovuxa to QOAO JtOA1J atEAWV !J,'Y]xaVWV.

Ma Ot'Y] BEO'Y] tou uVDQa nou tOY EXtOmOE 'Y] !J,'Y]xav~, to EQYOOtUOLO aJtaoxoAd (OWt; toia JtaLDLU XaL uux vuva(xa. KaL DE Ba 'JtQEJtE 0 !J,wBot; tOU UVDQa va cptUVEL XaL YLa rc tQ(a JtaLDLU XaL t'Y] !J,La yuva(xa; L1E Ba 'JtQEJtE to xctorruto OQLO !J,wB01J t'Y]t; EQyao(at; va EJtaQxd YLa va DLat'Y]Qd tnt XaL YLa va aUSUVEL to YEVOt; tWV EQyatwV; TL coteDELXV1JOUV, AOLJtOV, autu ro ayaJt'Y]tU OtOUt; aOt01Jt; A6YLa; Ttnotn UAAO JtaQu on tWQa XataVaAwvovtaL tEOOEQLt; rpoQEt; mQwOOtEQEt; EQyanxEt; ~WEt; YLa va XEQD(~EL iua EQyanx~ OLXOYEVELa ooc XQELU~EtaL YLa va ~~OEL.

At; OUVO'ljJ(OOU!J,E: Oao JfE()wa6TE()0 av;aVH TO naoaywy£x6 XEcpaAaw rooo JfE()wa6TE()0 EJfEXTELVETm 0 xataflE()Wfl6~ T'fJ~ eovaoio; xai 'fJ X()'fJa£flOJfoi'fJa'fJ fl'fJxavwv. Oao JfE()wa6TE()0 EJfEXTEivETm 0 xataueoutuo; T'fJ~ eovaaiac xai 'fJ X()'fJa£flOJfoi'fJa'fJ fl'fJxavwv tooo JfE()wa6TE()0 EJfEXTELVETa£ ueoa aTOv~ E()yaTE~ 0 avvaywvwfl6~, tooo iieoioooTE()O A£ vooteoei 0 iuono; TOV~.

XWQLa an' auto 'Y] EQyatLX~ tUs'Y] OtQatOAoyd tm oxo-

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~a xm arr6 rc aVWTE(}a atodnuiia T'fIt; xoivcovtai; MLa ~a~a arr6 ~LXQOUS; BLO~'Y]xavous; xm ~LXQOUS; ELOOD'Y]~atLES; xcTQaXUAOUV OT'Y]V EQyanXtl Tal;'Y], xm BLa~OVTm XL aUTOL va O'Y]XWOO'UV tn XEQLa TOUS; nACH OTa XEQLa TWV EQyaTWV. 'ETOL YLVETm 6AO xm mo nuxvo TO Daoos; TWV XEQLWV rtou O'Y]xorvovtru 'ljJ'Y]Aa xm ~'Y]TOUV EQyaoLa, EVW rc LDLa t« XEQLa YL VOVTm 6AO xrn mo LOxva.

Etvru aUTov6'Y]TO 6TL 0 ~LxQ6S; BLO~tlxavos; DEV ~OQEL v' aVTEI;H OTOV aywva, onou Evas; arr6 TOUS; JtQWTOUS; 6QouS; dvm va naQaYH 6AO xm OE ~EyaAUTEQ'Y] XAL~axa, D'Y]AaDtl v« dvm aXQLBws; ~EyUAOS; XL 6XL ~LxQ6S; BLO~tlxavos;.

'On oxouc 0 T6xoS; TOU XEcpaAaLOU nEcpTH OTOV LDLO Ba8- ~6 nou aUI;UVH 'Y] ~a~a xm 'Y] aQL8~'Y]nxtl Mva~'Y] TOU XEcpaAaLOU, nou aUl;aVH TO XEcpUAaLO, on YL' aUT6 0 ~LxQ6S; ELOOD'Y]~atLas; DEV ~oQd v« ~tlOEL me arr6 TO EL06D'Y]~U TOU, XL dvm unoXQEw~EVOS; va QLXTd OT'Y] BLo~'Y]xavLa, on eno~EVWS; OUVTEAd OTO v' aUI;'Y]80uv OL YQa~~ES; TWV ~LXQWV BLo~'Y]xavwv XL rnO~EVWS; xm TWV unO'ljJ'Y]cpLWV YLa TO nQoAHaQLUTO, 6Aa ourc, DE XQHa~ovTm BEBma va EI;'Y]y'Y]80uv naQarrEQa.

LTO Ba8~6 TEAOS; nou OL xEcpaAaLOXQUTES; avayxa~ovTm cno T'Y]V XLV'Y]O'Y] rtou nEQLYQa'ljJa~E mo nuvw va EX~ETaAAEuovTm OE ~EyaAuTEQ'Y] xAL~axa to unuQxovTa YLyavna ueoo naQaywytlS; xm va BUAOUV OE XLV'Y]O'Y] YLa TO oxcno aUT6 6AOUS; TOUS; ~OXAOUS; T'Y]S; nLOT'Y]S;, orov LDLO Ba8~6 nA'Y]- 8aLVOUV OL BLO~'Y]xaVLXOL OHO~OL, rtou OT'Y] DLUQXHU TOUS; o E~OQLX6S; x6o~0S; XQaTLETm ~ovuxa ~E TO on 8UOLa~H OTOUS; 8mus; TOU XUTW xoouou Eva ~EQOS; TOU nAouTou, TWV nQo'(6VTWV, XL oxouo xm TWV naQaywYLxwV DUVU~EWV~E ~La AEI;'Y] Duva~wvo'UV oi xoioeu; OL XQLOELS; YLvovTm mo OUXVES; xm mo EVTOVES; orto TO YEyov6S; xm uovo on OTOV LDLO Ba8~6 nou aUI;UVH 'Y] ~u~a TWV nQO'(6VTWV, D'Y]-

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Aabit l] avayxl] YLa tnv £JtEXtaOl] t()JV ayoQwv, 6AO XaL OtEVEUEL l] J[ayx60l-ua ayoQa, UJ[OAElJ[OVtaL 6AO XaL AL voteQES; VEES; aYOQES; YLa EXI-!EtaAAEUOl], YLatl Xa8E XQlOl] J[OU J[QOl]Yit8l]XE UJ[6tat;E OtO J[ayx60I-!LO Ei-!Jt6QLO I-!La ()JS; ro» Qa un XataXtl]I-!EVl] it cno to Ei-!Jt6Qw EmcpaVELaXa 1-!0VaXa EXI-!EtaAAEU6I-!EVl] ayoQa. Ol-!()JS; to XEcpaAaLO bE ~EL I-!0- vaxa cno rnv EQyaola. 'Evas; XUQWS; J[OU dVaL taut6XQova XaL EUYEvitS; XaL BaQBaQos; OEQVEL I-!a~l tOU OtOV rorpo tn mWl-!ata t()JV bouA()Jv tou, OAaXEQES; EXat6I-!BES; ono EQyatES;, J[OU xcrcotovtttovrci OUS; XQlOELS;. BAEJ[OUI-!E AOLJ[6v: orov {lEyaAWVEL TO UEcpaAaw YQ~yoQa, TOTE {lEyaAwVEL aaVYUQL ta JrLO YQ~yoQa 0 ouvovcoviouo; avaueoa aTOvr:; EQyaTEr:;, (j'flA. ooo YQ'flYOQOTEQa {lEyaAwvEL TO xepoAaw rooo lfEQLaaOTEQO ALyoaTEvovv aXEnua ta ueoa axaaXOA'fla'flr:;, ta ueoa aVVT~Q'fla'flr:; yw tnv EQyanu~ Tas'fl, xai ouo»; 'fl YQ~YOQ'fl aValfWS'fl TOV UEcpaAaiov anotesei TOV JrLO Evvoixo OQO yw in {lW8WT~ eovaoia.

L1WAESCl~ nov T£~ ExavEO K. Mags an6 T£~ 14 w~ T£~ 30 TaV L1EXEI113gT/ 1847.

2:vllcpwva ue TO xEi/lEVO TT/~ fi,Jrgoaovga~.

IlgwTT/ cpoga OT/1l0mEVTT/XaV aTT/ NEU EqJT)[!EQL6u TaU Pnvou, aT£~ 5, 8, xa: 11 TaV AngiAT/ 1849.

o xwgwll6~ oe xEcpaAaw EytVE aVIlCPwva ue TT/ NEU EqJT)[!EQL6u TaU Prrvou,

Ex068T/xE aav SEXWgWTrj fi,Jrgoaovga ue uux Claaywyrj xai xaTw oxo TT/ avvraxT£xrj mi{3AE1jJT/ TaV CPo EVYXEA~, Beoosivo 1891.

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