AAZO~
THAErrIKOINONIE~ TON APXAION EAAHNON
AIOAO~ A0HNA 1997
I1EPIEXOMENA
npOAOrO:l: ..................•....................•........... 11
KE<t> 1: MA<t>OPE:l: TEXNIKE:l: MHNYMATQN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
1. 0 o((J'xo<;; TI)<;; <l>1X~(J'TOU: TO 7tPWTO Xe:([Le:VO [Le: X(V'Y]TOC (JTO~XdlX • . . . • . •. 20
2. TIX X~V'Y]TOC (J'TmxdlX TOU I1o(J'e:~owvwu •••..•...•.•....•.•..•.•.. 22
3. Ayye:A~lXcpOpO~, 7te:~0( XIX~ Ecpm7tO~. . • . • . . . . . . • . • . . . • • . • . • . . • • .• 22
4. TlXxuopo[L~xoc 7te:p~(J'TEp~lX •••..•••.•.•.•..••...•••.•.•..•••.. 28
5. ~~occpope:<;; OCAAe:<; Te:XV~XE<;; XIX~ Te:XVOC(J'[LIXTIX. . . • .• . . • . • . • • . . . • . • . .• 32 IX. 0 IXXOU(J'T~XO<;; T'Y]AEYPIXCPO<;; TOU AAe:~OCVOpou • . . . . . • • . • . • . . • . • •. 33 ~. TIoAuXPUl[Le:<;; Q"Y][LIX(e:<; .•....•.•.•..••..••...•.•....•.••.• 34 y. M~vu[L1X (J'e: XU(J'T'Y] ~wou .•.•.•...••.•••..•...••...•.•..•. 34 O. To TExvlX(J'[L1X TOU XOUpe:[LEvOU Xe:CPIXAWU •..•...•.•....•.•.•..• 35
KE<t>. 2: MHNYMATA ME <t>QTIA .......................•............. 37
~~OCCPOPIX 07tT~XOC O'~[LIXTIX. • . . . • . . . • . • . • . • . • . . . • . . • . • . . • . • . . . •• 37
1. O~ O'T~Ae:<;; TOU HPIXXA~: ot 7tIXAIX~OTe:pe:<;; CPPUXTUlp(e:<;; ••....•..•.•. 39
2. O~ «CPPUXTO(» TOU AYIX[LE[LVOVIX ...•...•....••.••...•••..••• 42
3. <l>puXTUlpte:<;; XIX~ O(XTUIX CPpUXTUlp~WV • . • . • • • . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . •. 45
4. O~ ~U~IXVT(vE<; XIX[L~vo~tyAe:<;;. . . . • . . • • . . . • . • . . . • . . • . • . . . . • .• 52
5. O~ 7tUPYo~ TOU A~ylX(ou. . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . • • . •. 59 r~1X TOV XUXA~XO 7tUpyo TI)<;; Avopou •.•.•...•........•.. '. • • . . . • . . 63
KE<t>. 3: KPYnTOrPA<t>IA 69
1. KpU7tTOyPIXCP~xoc [L'Y]VU[LIXTIX [LEO'Ul opyocvou ....•...•.•.•••..•.•..• 69 IX. KPU7tTdlX ~ AIXXe:OIX~[LOV~X~ (J'XUTOCA'Y] .. • . . . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . . . . . 70 ~. ~(7tTUXIX Xe:PUl[LEVIX mVlXxto~1X . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . • . • . . • . . . • . .• 72 y. KUlO~XO [LmpoyvUl[LOVW TOU A~vdlX •...........•.....•...•.. 80
2, KpU7tTOyPIXCP~xoc [L'Y]VU[LIXTIX [LEO'Ul XUlO(XUlV . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 83 IX. «TIe:pt XPUcplX(UlV e:mO'ToAWV» TOU A~vdlX • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 86 ~. KpU7tTOYPIXCP~xot xwo~xe:<;; O'TO BU~OCVTW . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
10
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KE<l>. 4: H E<l>E1'PE~H TH~ TAX1TPA<l>JA~ 95
1. H EAAYJWX.~ Trxxuypr/.r.plrx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2. H ECPEUPEcrYJ TYJe; TrxXuyprxcplrxe; rxno TOV EEVOCPWVTrx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3. H cr~AYJ TOU op80yp&:cpou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
4. H Trxxuyprxcplrx crToue; PWfLrxloue; , 107
5. H ~U~rxVT~V~ Trxxuyprxcplrx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108
6. 0 frxAYJVOe; ... crTYJV K1vrx fLEcrW TrxXuyprxcplrxe; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
KE<l>. 5: THAEnIKOINQNIE~ ME MHXANI~M01'2: , 115
1. 0 «UOprxuA~x.Oe; TYJAEyprxcpOe;» TOU A~vElrx , 116
2. H «(1tUpcrElrx» ~ «OnT~x.Oe; TYJAEyprxcpOe;n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121
3. To npwTo crucr'rYJfLrx fLope; , 130
4. Trx «WPOAOy~rx» TOU AEoVTrx TOU <1hAocrOCPOU , 132
o: AEWV 0 <1>~AocrOcpOe; (~Mrx8YJfLrxT~X.0C;) 132
~. «QpoAOy~rx ouo E~ lcrou X.&:fLVOVTrx» " , 134
y. AE~TOUPY[rx TWV x.rxfL~vO~~yAWV TOU AEOVTrx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141 O. AE~Toupylrx TWV «WPOAOY[WV». . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145
E. To nrxprxcrTrxT~X.O pOAO~ TOU KTYJcrl~wu , 149
nAPAPTHMA: TO THAEnIKOINQNIAKO MOT~EIO T01' OTE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
B~~Awyprxcplrx .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 163 n pOEAwcrYJ CPWTOyPrxCP~wv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168
EUPET~PW , 169
I1POAorO~
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Loc fua cnoXY) oav TY) aY)f,lc(!('VY), XaTa TY)V onota 0/, Ty)/I,cnlXO(,VWJ!(,cr; ecva:
xat: TO avTOVOy)W, W xa(JY)f,lc(!lVO aTY) (W~ uac, Y) cvaaXOAY)aY) f,lc xu; TY)AcmXO(,VWVlcr; TWV a(!xalWV EAA~VWV f,lOla(cl clTE f,lc Xa(J[f,lO X(!OVOV clTE f,lc na(!WXY)f,lEVO ncoto E(!cVvar;. rJ>v(J[XO eiucu. va ava(!wnErcu xoatou»; n a(!ayc
I (J I I R ..;» 'R 1 I 1 I
clXc cCPCV(!c ec acpov oe yVOJ(!k,aV, yta na(!auclYfl,(J., TO TY)/I,ccpWVO, TY)V arovn»
aTE(!Y) f,lO(!CP~ enixocvcovicu; a~f,lc(!a. Koi cpva(,xa Oc (Ja clXc at5txo acpov 0(,
I I I (J' I I fJ I 11 I I I
yvoiaeu; !,lar; yV(!W ana TO cpa curto etvcu. cpO c(!a c/l,/I,lnclr; cwr; avvna(!-
E' I I I I I I (
XTEr;. ivai tao»; yvwaTa xanoui aTOlXcla yta ra oitrixa ay)f,laTa pc CPW-
uir;) ~ wvr; OlacpO(!OVr; ayydtacpo(!ovr; (n.x a rJ>lAtnnlOy)r; nov pcdcpc(!c TY)V clOy)ay) TY)r; VlXY)r; aTO Ma(!oBwva) ~, dAor;, yui t:« «yAacpV(!a» TaXVO(!Of,llXa nc(!tar8(!la. Tinora nc(!taaOTE(!O opwr; am) aVTa. (j)v(J[xa oco: ixovv c(!cVv~acl xai pdCT~acl TY)V urtooia xai cUAlty) TY)r; y(!acp~r; EXOVV yvwaY) Toao TY)r; xWOlxoy(!acplar; ooo xai TY)r; Taxvy(!acplar;, XV(!lWr; ouo»; wr; Tf,ly)!,laTWV TWV cpl),OAOYlXWV wvr; c(!cVVWV xai xa(JoAov ox; f,lc(JoOwv TY)Acmxolvwvlar;. AVTo nov xavcl lOlalTE(!y) cVTvnway) eiuo: Y) avvna(!xTr; axcoov fJlfJAwy(!acpla yta TO avyxcX(!lf,lEVO (JEf,la, axopY) xcu. av a c(!cVVY)T~r; cmOlwtcl va aVlXVcvacl Tf,l+
1 I I 117 I I 1 I
f,lanJ. f,lcya/l,VTE(!WV c(!ya(J[wv. ~T(J[ XV(!WVr; UT/I,OVr; ovcupeoouevcnx; atu; a(!-
xalcr; cAAY)VlXEr; Ty)},cmXOlVWVlcr; Oc avvaVTY)aa nov(Jcva aTY)V TE(!aana fJlfJAWy(!acpla nov EXW aVyX(!OT~acl axcuxa f,lc TrIV a(!xala f,lY)xaVlX~ xai TEXVOAOvia. JIa(!OOlXEr; avacpO(!Er; vmi(!xovv ce pcyaAa E(!ya yUJ. 'tu; TY)Acmxolvwvlcr; ycvlxa xai vna(!xovv a(!XCTa a(!(J(!a, pC(!lXa TWV cnoico» clVCU a(!XCTa d;clt5txcvldva.
EXTETaf,lEVcr; avacpO(!Er; aTO (JEPo, xavcl ° Herman Diets eto cmavuitato a~!'u,;(!a i(!yo 'ton Antike Technik ( A(!xala TcXv(,x~), (1919), xai VOf,ll(W on eiucu. Y) n(!WTY) cpo(!a nov aVf,lfJalvc(, va cf,lcpavl(ovTar roca aTO/,Xcla yta t.u; a(!xalcr; E))'y)VlXir; TrIAEmxolvwvlcr;. Uuo»; xo i(!yo eiucu. anavw xai y(!ap!dvo trta
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YEe;,taVL,W, aea nEeLJtOV ovvoxrio trio nll.arv avayvwaiLxo XOLVO, xo onoto
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ouo»; yvweWE co. aroLXELa avra, oxpoo ca naea EUL Es 01l.0xII.17eov 0 vaYYE-
AO~ Lrawir1]~ ato aef)eo to», A~ fLuaT~XIX[ TYJAe:mxmvwv[lX~ TWV Apx.lX[wv EM~VWV (1969). 0 axoveaaro~ avro~ EeEVV1]r~~ r1]~ cAA1]VLX~~ aeXaLor1]w~ ucu; iXEL naea15waEL ieya nov arpoeovv «O'ljJEL~» r1]~ aexata~ dA1]VLX~~ EnLar~fL1]~ XaL fLE ro fLLXeO TOV nov1]fLa yta tu; fLvaiLxi~ r1]AEnLXOLvwvtE~ 15taawCEL xa: naAL r1]v vnoA1]'ljJ~ ucu; yta r1]v avvnaeUa ieEvva~ yvew ana av-
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roo aOL fLEraYEvEaUeOL anonELea 1]xav va yea'ljJovv xati aXEiLxo cairo»;
avanae~yayav W aTOLxda rwv Evayy. LWfLar1]/H. Diels noooiletovtxu; daXWW via. To ~L~Ato rov r. Tlooetotivc», IcrTop[1X TYJC; Emxo~vwv[IXC;, eivcu. aeXEra EvOtarpieov, EfLnAovuafLivo fLE nOAAa 15EvueEvovra arOLXEta yvew ana ro tl5w f)ifLa. T1]v nA1]eOrpOeta YL' avro fLOV r1]v i15waE 0 15LEvf)vvr~~ TOV T1]AEnLXOLVWVtaXOV Moooeio» OTE, X. LrVAtaVO~ IIoAvxear1]~, YEYOVO~ YLa TO onoio TOV EvxaeLarw.
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iuiooooa Eeyaata, 11.0 LJtOV , anOUII.EL fLta avvolI.Lx1] aVUfLErwnLa1] rov
f)ifLaro~ rwv aexatwv dA1]VLXWV fLEf)015WV r1]AEnLXOLVwvta~, OL catoiec E~EiaCovraL xarw ana fLta aVYXEXeLfLiv1] oniLx~, XaL ou; EX rovrov fLnoed va f)Ewe1]f)d 1] newr1] rov d15ov~. Mcu; !5tVEWL 1] 15vvaror1]w va 15LEeEvv~aovfLE OAE~ 'tu; EnLfLieov~ nrvxi~ rov f)ifLaro~, va aLrpVL15LaaTOvfLE ano arOLXEta nov 15u!rpEvyav r1]~ onux~~ psu; XaL va E~ayovfLE xa avaAoya aVfLnEeaafLara.
To xErpaAaw 1 nEeLAafL~avEL reonov~ xcu. fLEf)0150V~ r1]AEnLXOLvwvta~ At yo nOAvyvwarov~, xaf)w~ Enta1]~ XaL 15Larpoea uxvaafLaw nov fLEWXELe{ar1]xav oewfLivOL via va avraAAa~ovv iva fL~vvfLa. To xErpaAaw 2 arpoea W fL1]Vvuoxa nov avraAAaaaovrav fLE rpwiLi~ XaL fLa~ !5tvEraL 1] ecxcuoia va 150VfLE
I Jii.' 'I f) , I ~ "
noaa uLxrva EnLXOLVWVLWV ELXav oeyavw EL, nEeVwvra~ ULaxeOVLxa ana tu;
aexatE~ rpeVxrwetE~ atu; ~vCaviLvi~ xafLLvo~tyAE~ XaL arov~ nveyov~ TOV
A ' II'" " , ", , ,
Lyawv. oll.lI.a ana avra t:« fLLXea fLEV all.lI.a weata xtiauoxa, nov neLV
ana aLWVE~ ~ xLALEi1]et15E~ E~vn1]eir1]aav xu; avayxE~ rwv dA1]VLXWV ~a(1LAEtwV ~ aVTOXearOeLWV, a~fLEea ixovv EyxawAELrpf)Et xara15LxaafLiva ar1]v xawareorp~.
IIoAv a1]fLaViLXa EtVaL W xErpaAata 3 »au. 4 via r1]v dA1]VLX~ xw15Lxoyearpta' xa arOLxda neoiexovraL, xvetw~ yta r1] 15Evue1], ana rpLAOAOYLXi~ ieEVVE~ aXEuxa fLE r1]v EUAL~1] r1]~ dA1]VLX~~ yearp~~. LTO f)ifLa avro a1]fLavrLxa aroLXEta tuu; naeixovv 15'150 nOAv yvwarot xAaaLxot rpLAOAOYOL rwv aexwv rov oubva fLa~. IIeoxELiaL yta xo ieyo rov E15ovae15ov BOfL'ljJWVO~ (onw~ fLEwyearp1]XE ar1]v dA1]VLX~ ~L~Awyearpta - ~ Evrovaevr Touacn. ayyALad), Eyx.e:~pmwv EAA'YJV~X~C; XIX~ AIXTW~X~C; I1IXAlXwypw:P11Xc;, EvawfLarwfLEvo
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THAEnIKOINflNIEL TflN APXAInN EAAHNflN
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atu; nc(!trpr;flcC; cxooaclC; Ma(!aaA~, ftCrarp(!aawlvo to 1903 ana Evav rplAOAOYO n(!QJTov flcyfBovc;, TOV Inv(!towva II. Aafln(!o. Enionc, ro i(!yo TOV AVTWVWV ElyaAa, IUToplcx TIJC; EA}''lJV~X~C; rpcxcp~c; ((9waaAovtxr; 1934), 0 onoiot; vn~(!~c xa()r;yr;T~C; Tr;c; IIanv(!oAoytac; »au. IIaAawy(!arptac;, TO i(!yo TOV Oc cXOO()r;xc ana TO IIavcnwT~flw (9waaAovtxr;c; ono» cotoaaxc. Tu: TOVC; yvwarec; TOV XW(!OV r; (3a(!VTr;ra TWV i(!ywv aVTwv eivcu. flcyaAr; arpov aVTa n(!Oi(!XOvTat
I ~ I () I rp ';- '1 I ~ I I I
ana uvo av evtiec, 10Vk,W xcu. na/l,l OTl oi uVO enurtnuovec C(!CVVOVV Tr;V
cAAr;1llX~ Taxvy(!arpta xac x(!vnroy(!arpta fliaa ora nAatrJla cUAl~r;C; Tr;C; dAr;VlX~C; y(!afP~C; flOVO xoi 0Xl wc; W1aov Tr;AcnlXOlvwvtac;.
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L...Ta toui nrauna »avecta: xat 0 L...nV(!lUWV afln(!oc;, TOV onotoo ot fllX(!cC; r;
l' I I I I B;-' I ()'
flcya/l,vre(!cC; ae extosrn avarpo(!cC;, XV(!lWC; ana TO ix.avtu: sau. ueta, n(!oa c-
TOVV nOAAa aTOlXcta yla Tr;V ayvwaTr; CV nOAAotc; Taxvy(!arpta TOV BvCavrtov. o xaAXEvre(!OC; TOVTOC; c(!cVVr;T~c; aTr; adtoa 158 TOV flcrarp(!aaw1vov ana
, I Q I I I () I I I I
avrov c(!yov TOV 1"J0fl'I{JwvoC; aucupeoei xati nov flc CV ooauure: OTl clXc y(!a'I{Jcl
flla n(!ayflareta ftC TOV dTAO 2:ufL~oAcxl E~C; TlJv EAA'lJV~X~V KpU7CTOYPCXCPlCXV, 0r;floalcVflEvr; aTr;V Encrr;(!toa TOV E()1llxOV Tlavemornuioo. i1vaTvxwc;, flcra
II '1 '\' A' ~()' I ()' I
ano c(!cVva ata xaTa/l,oma TOV L...n. afln(!ov Ta exoo evta flcTa TO avato
~ I I I I I I () 11 I '1 (3
TOV, oumuricaoa OTl cn(!oxcLTO va y(!a'I{Jcl aXcTlXO a(! (!O a/l,/I,a TOV n(!O/l,a e o
()avaroc;. Xa()r;xc hal flla c~al(!cTlX~ aVAAoYlX~ avarpo(!a aTO ()ifla.
An(!OrJlTO cntar;c; eivcu TO i(!yo TOV flcyaAov iAAr;va rplAOAOYOV TOV Mwatwva Aiovra AAAaTlOV, De cryptographia Graecorum (I1EPl T'lJC; XPU7CTOYPCXCPlCXC; TWV EAA~VWV), cxooWlvo aTO BlEvVr; TO 1657, cV(!WXOflcVO a~flc(!a aTr; Bi-
(31 () I B I I I ~ I I I
su: r;xr; TOV atixauou, r; oitota xaTcXcl xac TO flovaulxo aVTlTVnO aVTr;C;
Tr;C; ana1ll0raTr;C; c(!yaatac;, Tr;V onoia cYVW(!lCc 0 In. Aafln(!OC;. i1vaTvxwc; xavdc; EAAr;vac; c(!cVVr;T~C; Ocv EXcl fldcT~acl to i(!yo aVTo ware va yvW(!tCovflc
(3 I I
Tl aX(!l wc; nc(!lcxcl.
To xcrpaAaw 5, nov arpo(!a Tr;V xa()a(!a flr;xavlx~ xai rexvoAoYlX~ nAcV(!a Tr;C; eoyaoia; uo», aTr;(!tCcral XV(!twc; aTO xctflcvO TOV IIoAv(3wv xai ftCyaAo fli(!oC; TOV ovospeoecai trta flVaTr;(!lWOr; «W(!OAOYla)) rov Aiovra TOV t:PlAoaorpOV, iva avaTr;fla flc rp(!VXTW(!tcC; xai ovo flr;xavwflovc; «ta tbta xouvovuu;»,
I 1 I 1 I I I 1
oi onoioi axotenoov TOV flcya/l,VTc(!O y(!lrpO aTr;V laTO(!la TWV Tr;/I,cnlxolvw-
I rT '() I I ~ I 1 I I
'VlWV. 11(!Oana noa, ueoa ana Tr; Ulc(!cVVr;ar; TWV /l,lyoaTwv otoiyecow nov
I ~ '/:: I () I 1 I 1 1 I (3 I I ~ I
vna(!xovv, va UElr.;W xanouu; ra avo; /l,VaclC;, a/l,/I,a rpo aflat OTl UcV ncTvxa
xaTl TO lbtatrc(!o.
A(!XlXa rdaieca OTl aTr;V na(!ovaa fldhr; in(!cnc va cvaWflaTW()OVV, wc; 60
'1 I I 11 I I I (3 I
xeipo.sato, aTolXcla yla TOVC; a(!xaWVC; c/l,/I,r;VlXOVC; spaoooc, xaVOVTac; arJlXr;
avarpo(!a aTOV nc(!trpr;flO KOAoaao Tr;c; Pooov xai TOV cUaov nc(!trpr;flo t:Pa(!o
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irJr; AAc~avOecwr;. Uuo»; ro cpWr; iWV cpaeWV aViWV anoidd flw vncvf)vflwrJ ~ iva aiOtxdo neoaavaiOAwflov xa: uaf)oAov aiOtxdo uanowr; irJAcmuowwvwu~r; floecp~r;. 'Erat, naea irJ «vonteia» nov aauovv aVia xo. Ovo f)avflaaia cmicVYflaia, xo uccpaAaw anaActcpf)rJUc. [Jwrevw au ro vnoAo[Jto VAtUO nov 06f)rJuc noo; OrJfloatcvarJ eiucu. xo tow avvaenaauuo.
a avayvwairJr; nov ava(rJia «neWUEr;» f)a flctvct tuavonotrJflivor;, acpov avaflcpwMirJW neWiOt ot aexatot 'EAArJVcr; i{3aAav xu; {3aactr; fltar; flOecp~r; irJAcmUOtVwvtar;, yvwai~r; a~flcea ou; uwr5tuar; floer;. Vxt cpvatua iO tow aVio
I 11 I I R I I I 'T M' I
avairJfla aAAa irJ yvwauurJ fJaarJ navw airJv onoui ovnou.eioc. caw aviOV
airJv aexmoirJW flcdr5toav onuua a~flaw, cVw ro floer; flcwMoct rJxrJuua flc irJ (3o~f)cw iOV rJAcUietaflov. Eav naeaflcetaovflc ra «weOADyW» iOV Aiovw, yw ra onoia yvwet(ovjkC cAaXWia, neinct va oWiei~oVflc 2.000 ncetnov xeovw yw va cnavaavvoiaovflc xu; irJAcmUOtVwvtcr; flc flrJXavtaflovr;, va cpiaaovflc airJ raAAtU~ eruivsuruum, onoie, ro 1792, cyuaf)tOeVetni rJ neWirJ flrJxavtu~ irJAcmUOtVwvta flcyaArJr; cfl{3iAcwr;. Oooiaatuai iwr;
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tote, flOAtr; otaxooui xeovw netV ana arJflcea, ot irJAcntuOWwvwr; fJeWUoviav
oe A~f)aeyo, acpov ra aiDtxcta yw tu; aexatcr; dArJVtuir; dXav Xaf)d xoi mf)avoww XerJatflOnowvvwv neWt!),cr; flOecpir; iOVr; onwr; ayydwcpoeot xoi iaxvOeOfltUa ncewiiew.
a 11 I 1 I I I I I I
t cAArJvtUcr; irJAcntUOtVWvtcr; navovv va vcpwiaViat ana iOV 90 ouova, oiav
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aiaflairJaav va ActiOveyovv ca «weOAOYW» iOV cavia, rJ, yw va euuune iuo
I I I BT' a I i: I
ocooxoc, flcia irJV niwarJ iOV vc,avuov. c flauecr; xcu. c<;OViWUUcr; ncet-
nirctcr; iOV EAArJVWfloV ana iore Ocv cnirecVJav »ainoia cUAt~rJ xai {3ditwarJ iWV neOrJYOVflcVWV avairJflaiwv, cUiOr; ana irJ xe~arJ iWV aexatwv uiWfla-
'''s' I I I I '\" I I.s.
iWV yw avauetoooon orctisaov arJflaiwv xoxa uateOvr; . .:..iOV iOflca curio UcV
flnOeOvac va cntflctvct. Emflivct ouo»; a~flcea airJv avaVJrJAacprJarJ avuuv iWV flcf)oowv, airJv cnavcflcpavw~ iOVr; fliaa ana axcuuir; ceyaatcr; - onwr; rJ naeovaa - »au. irJV cflnEowarJ cvor; ac{3aaflov neor; cudvovr; iOVr; nooyovoo; tuu; nov i{3aAav xu; {3aactr; auoflrJ xai cOw. Kawvoovflc xoi flaf)atvovjkC ro naedf)ov flar; yw va autayeacp~aovjkC to fliAAOV xai irJV noecta ucu; a' aVio. at 'EAArJvcr; cmoc[~aflc naviore flW f)avflaai~ nvcvflauu~ avvox~ nov flar; (3o~f)rJac va cm{3twaovjkC xcu. va flrJV c~acpavwiOvflc, AVi~ rJ avvox~, rJ nvcvflauu~ ucu; naeauaiaf)~urJ ueoa trio xeovo, f)a aVfl{3aAct ware va ~vnv~aovflc
I 1 'f) I I I 1 I R 'f)
osto xo ArJ aeYo ato oruuo cxoVflc neoet xa: va avaAafJovflc t»; e voc,
eiAW va cvxaeWi~aw f)cefla iOVr; Peter James sau. Nick Thorpe yui irJV cvycVtU~ anoaiOA~ cvor; avuivnov irJr; eovaoicu; iOVr; xai xo cptAo floV Nixo Kouutvo yw irJ flWOAa{3rJa~ iOV. To cptAo flOV ecooweo Koeei, uaf)rJYrJi~ irJr;
TlIAEIlIKOINnNIEL: TnN APXAInN EAAHNnN
15
BvCavuv~r; Iatooiac aTO AelaTOTi},clO Ilovenurcnuio 0£(JaaAovtxr;r; yia Tr;V
'() , '!l' R r ' , t '
neOp,r; eta aeXcTWV cpWTOTVnlWV UVacVecTWV {JVl,aVUVWV Xclp,cVWV, TOV eecu-
ecro cecVVr;T~ 0wp,a IIana06novAo, OtcV()VVT~ Tr;r; Mncvaxctov Bl~AlO()~Xr;r;, yw xu; nAr;eOcpOetcr; xai xu; ceyaatcr; TOV nov p,OV cowewc, Tr;V xveta Xaea Kaooata, TOV EnlyeacplXOV Mooaeio» A()r;vwv, sau. Tr;V xveta MaeWTr;, TOV E()VlXOV AeXalOAoYlXOV Moooeio», Yla Tr;V neo()vp,r; avvceyaata TOVr; aTr;V anOXTr;ar; nOAVup,wV cnlyeacpWV xcu cpWToyeacplWV, TOV xaM cptAO EvayycAo .Enavoayo, xa()r;yr;T~ Ma()r;p,auxwv xcu. avYYeacpEa, yw w nOAvup,a xctp,cva TOV Evayy . .ETap,aTr; nov p,ov cneop,~()cvac. 0EAW va cvxaelaT~aw ()cep,a TOV .ETvAwvO IIoAvxeaTr;, OlCV()VVT~ TOV Tr;AcnlXOlVWVlaxov Moooeio» TOV OTE, nov p,c ~cvayr;ac aTO a~loAoyo aVTO p,ovacto, cnEret:'lpc Tr; cpWTOyeacpr;ar; TWV weatwv exuayeion. nov EXOVV xatcurxeocurtei axcuxa p,c tu; Tr;AcnlXOlvwvtcr; TWV aexatwv EAA~VWV, xa()wr; xcu. yw Tr;V aOcw xer;(Jlp,onotr;a~r; TOVr; aTr;V
, t.,» E ' '1 A' ~ ,r' 1 '
naoovoa cxuoar;. vxaeWTW TO CPlAO p,ov VTWVr; maxaelOV, aeXalOAOYO-
aexldxTova, nov cpWToyeacpWc ra cxp,aycta aVTa, xa()wr; »au. yw Tr;V nOAAanA~ ~O~()cla TOV aTr;V neop,~()cw cpWToyeacplWV xcu. Xer;alp,OWTWV Xclp,Evwv Tr;r; ~l~AlO()~Xr;r; TOV. Tr;v neoacpaw cXAlnOVaa 0cwvr; MnaCatov-Barabas, nov iuu; acpr;ac xooo avanavuxa TO (j)c~eOvaelO TOV 1997, cecVV~TeW TOV KEVTeOV BvCavuvwv Eecvvwv Tr;r; E.I.E, ()a ()vp,ap,al ruivt:a p,c avyxtvr;ar;, yw Tr; ycVValOOWer; ~o~()cla in: xa: Tr;V naeaxwer;ar; ovacVecTWV aTOlXctwv
'1 t " , T' " ' ,
xcu, UAOr;, TOV eccuoet» cnWTr;p,ova »uu. cecVVr;Tr; 1wavVr; L..axa, nov p,c up,a
p,c Tr; cplAta TOV, yw Tr;V neop,~()cw TOV anavlOv Eeyov TOV Il.Diels, Antike Technik, ana Tr; rcep,avta. H aVAAOYlX~ ~o~()cw xat neoacpoea OAWV TOVr; avp,~aAAcl aTr;V acpvnvwr; Tr;r; XVTWelX~r; iuu; p,v~p,r;r;, aTr;V ovocnxrccan TOV Aap,neOV naecA()OVTOr; xai aTr; Olxatwar; Tr;r; e~ar;r; AU eluoxrce yv~alOl aruryovo: TWV aexatwv EAA~VWV, «toii; xctvwv eryp,aal ncl()Op,cVOw.
X.L1.A.
O ,"\ " '''-' "-"
« ~ 1tvEUfLaT~Xo~ xa~ ul\~xm Tp01tm fLETaooO"'Y)C; EW'Y)o"EUlV
E1t'Y)PErX~OUV Ta YEYOV(JTa 1tOU xa80pi~ouv. 'ETo"~,
, ts '-,. "-' ' '''-''
o ~o"TOp~XOC; 1tOU vE/\E~ vo: oWo"E~ T'Y) O"WO"TOTEP'Y) ouvaT'Y)
E~~Y'YJO"'Y) y~a Ta YEYOVOTa xa~ T'Y)V E~EA~~'Y) TWV av8pc0mvwv xmvwv~c0v, 1tPE1tE~ vo: EXE~ aO~rXx01ta O"TO VOU TOU T~C; TEXV~XEC; O"UV8~XEC; 1tA'Y)pOCPOp'Y)O"'Y)C; o"T~C; O~rXCPOPEC; 1tEP~OOOUC; T'Y)C; IO"Topiac;».
TeonOl nAryeOIjJOeryO"ryr; xoi flEyaAEr; avaxaA1npElr; Yves Renouard
KE<I>AAAIO 1
LlIA<DOPE~ TEXNIKE~ MHNYMATQN
---~~-~- -
20
X. t..AAZOL:
1. 0 i1Il:KOl: THl: (lJAIl:T01': TO nroro KEIMENO ME KINHTA l:TOIXEIA
THAEI1IKOINnNIE~ TnN APXAlnN EAAHNnN
21
1. Ol aUG o<jJw; TOU 7teptcp'tJfLoU X()(l ()(vePfL~VEUTOU ()(XofL'tJ at(J"xou T'tJ~ <P()(l(J"TOU' T()( (J"TmXd()( 7tOU cpspel aEV dV()(l X()(P()(YfLSV()( fLE TO XSPl ()(AAIJ. «TU7tWfLSV()(» fLE XUTS~ ~ ~UAlve~ (J"cpp()(ytaE~. n' ()(UTO EkwpdT()(l TO 7tPWTO SVTU7tO (J"TOV XO(J"fLO'
xouv o~rXcpopCt. crUfL~OACt. xCt.,rX OfLrXOEe;. 2:T1) fL~Ct. 7tAEUPrX ,Ct. 'fL~fLCt.'Ct. dvCt.~ 30 xCt.~ 7tEP~ZXOuv 118 crufL~OACt., xCt.~ crrrJv rXAAYJ 31 xCt.~ 7tEP~ZXOuv 123 crufL~OACt., ,Ct. 07t0~Ct.
I I I I ,,, I I .1. 0 I T I
E~VCt.~ ,U7tWfLEVCt. fLE XCt.7tO~Ct. fLYJ'PCt. o-ro fLCt.'\Ct.xo 7tYJI\O 7tP~V Ct.u,oe; 'l'YJVE~. 0 o,~
'0 I~ I 1;:', I I " I ~I
XPYJmfL07tO~YJvYJxCt.V crcppCt.yWEe; Ct.7t0 SUI\O YJ fLE'Ct.'\'\O y~Ct. 'YJ ypCt.cpYJ -rou oroxou
Ct.7tOOE~XVUE'Ct.~ Ct.7tO T1)V Ct.7tOAU'YJ OfLmOT'fJ'Ct. ,wv crufL~oAwV 7tOU E7tCt.VCt.ACt.fL~rX-
E' I I ~I ~ I I I" I I
vovrcct. ~vCt.~ cpCt.VEpO o-rt 0 otcxoz; OEV EXE~ XCt.pCt.X'E~ fLE ,0 XEP~ Ct./\/\Ct. EXOUV
o I I I I 1;:', T I I ~ I
XPYJmfL07tmYJvE~ «XCt.PCt.X'YJpEe;» xu,m YJ SU/\~Vo~. 0 YEyovoe; Ct.U'O Ct.VCt.OE~XVUE~
~I ffi I " ~ I I I
,0 otcxo 'YJe; '-VCt.~cr'ou we; ,0 « ... 7tCt./\Ct.W,EPO OE~YfLCt. x~vYJTfJe; 'U7toypCt.cp~Ct.e; o-rov
xocrfLO»i.
H 7tp0nYJ 'U7toypCt.CP~x~ crEA~OCt. 'YJe; Ct.vElPW7tO'YJ,Ct.e;, 0 o~crxoe; 'YJe; <DCt.~cr,ou,
, " / I I {j ,
7tCt.pCt.fLEVE~ EWe; crYJfLEpCt. Ct.VEPfLYJVEU,Oe; 7tCt.pCt. ,~e; 7tpocr7tCt.VE~Ee; 7tOU EXOUV xcerce-
pi, "I~ I I A I I " V·
tJCt./\E~ 7t0/\1\0~ mCt.crYJfLm E7t~cr'YJfLOVEe;. VCt.fLEcrCt. ,OUe; cruyXCt.,Ct.I\EyOV'Ct.~ ot entns
xCt.~ Chadwick, O~ fLE,Ct.cpPCt.cr,ze; 'YJe; 7tEp~CPYJfLYJe; rpCt.fLfL~x~e; B', YJ 07t0~Ct. dvCt.~
I I I I ~I ffi I I ,
7tCt.v,we; fLE,Ct.YEVEcr'EPYJ YPCt.cpYJ Ct.u'YJe; -rou oioxou 'YJe; '-VCt.~cr,ou, Ct.cpou 0 ,E/\EU-
,Ct.~oe; XpovoAoyd,Ct.~ Ct.7tO ,0 1700 7t.X.2
nil I 1;: ~I ffi I ~ I I
~cr,EUW o-tt YJ U7tCt.psYJ ,ou oroxou 'YJe; '-VCt.~cr,ou crYJfLCt.'OOO'E~ 'YJv 7tpw,YJ
1. P. JamesjN.Thorpe, Ancient Inventions, 515.
2. P. E. Cleator, Lost Languages, 165.
22
X. 6..AAZO~
2. TA KINHTA ~TOIXEIA TOI TIO~EI~QNIOI
'0" , (\ I I • I
I\CX O(JCX smUlvY)xcxv 7tpoY)yoU[J.SVUle; ~spvouv (J't"0 VOU [J.cxe; [J.LCX 7t/\"(JpO~OPLCX
7tOU [J.s't"CX~SpSL 0 Diels, 't"Y)v 07t0[cx cxv't"Ad cxml 't"ov KLXSpUlVCX4• 0 't"SASU't"CX[Oe;, 7tOU
'" I. o I I.. I '2 X I
oLS't"SI\S(JS [J.cxvY)'t"Y)e; 't"ou [J.sycx/\ou ~LI\O(JO~ou XCXL L(J't"0PLXOU -rou OU 7t. • CXLUlVCX
nO(JSLOWVLOU (135-50 7t.X.), -rov 07t0[0 SYVWPL~S XCXACt.., dxs OLCX't"U7tW(JSL 't"Y)
I I n ~/' I I , I
YVUl[J.Y) O't"L 0 O(JSWUlVLOe; SLXS xcx't"CX(JXSUCX(JSL XLVY)'t"CX (J't"OLXSLCX ypCX[J.[J.CX't"UlV.
o Diels U7to(J't"Y)p[~SL O't"L 0 rou't"S[J.~SpYLOe; YVWPL~S -ro sPyo -rou KLXSPUlVCX, 7tOU -ro dxs Ct..AAUl(J't"S (J't"Y) ~L~ALOe~XY) 't"OU, XCXL CX7tO 't"Y)v 7tAY)PO~Op[cx 't"ou -rs-
• I I I n ~ I I
/\su't"cxwu YLCX 't"cx XLVY)'t"CX (J't"OLXSLCX -ro» O(JSLoUlVWU s[J.7tvsu(J't"Y)xs 't"Y)v «CXVCX-
',I,' 5 n I (\1 '" I I ""l" I I
XCXAU'fY)) 't"OU. SpL 't"OU VS[J.CX't"Oe; OSV SXOU[J.S XCX[J.LCX CX/\/\Y) 7t1\Y)pO~OpLCX CX7tO
07tmCXO~7t0't"S 7ty)Y~. 'I(JUle; 0 Diels v« SX~pCt..~SL [J.LCX 7tpO(JUlmX~ Ct..7t0~Y), [(JUle;
I " , .'(\ '" I H • I ., I
O[J.Ule; VCX U7tCXPXSL XCX7tOLCX L(J't"OPLXy) CXI\Y)VSLCX SOUl. 7tO/\U7tI\SUPy) 7tPO(JUl7tLXO-
I 'n"" (\ I (\ I I
't"Y)'t"CX XCXL -ro Supoe; -rcov YVUl(JSUlV 't"OU O(JSLoUlVLOU XCXvL(J't"OUV 7tLVCXVY) [J.LCX 't"s't"mcx
I I
S~SUpS(JY) SX [J.spOue; 't"OU.
3. AffEAIA<!JOPOI, TIEZOI KAI E<!JIIITIOl
3. R. W. Hutchinson, Prehistoric Crete, Penguin, 1962, 66-67.
4. H. Diels, Antike Technik, 119 XIX~ G1][1-. 2. Err( 1CAEOV, 0 Diels 1CpoGBETE~ yw.. TO t8w BE[1-1X XIX~ T1JV tX1CO<jJ1] 1COU ElXE EXtpPtXGE~ 0 Alexander Rost (1816-1873) GTIX 1864.
5. ~UYXEXP~[1-EVIX IXm) T1]V Ex8oG1] TOU EPYOU TOU K~XEPWVIX Elementum, GT1J AE~<jJtlX TO 1899.
THAEIIIKOINONIE:E TON APXAION EAAHNON
23
00"0 TO aUVaTOV O"UVTofLoTEpa. I:TOUC; 'EAA'Y)VEC; 7taO"[YVWO"TOC; dva~ 0 fLapa6wVOapOfLOC; <l>~Am7t[a'Y)C;, 7tOU fLETECPEPE o"T'Y)V A6~va TO fL~VUfLa T'Y)C; V[X'Y)C; O"TO
M 6 I 490 X I I 39; I I <;:0 I
apa tov« TO 7t.. «zro fL~a a7tOO"TaO"'Y) X~/\WfLETpWV T'Y)V 07t0~a O~EO"X~o"E
Xwp[C; vo: o"TafLaT~o"E~, xa~ 0 07t0[0C;, acpou avacpWV'Y)o"E TO YVWO"TO «VEV~X~-
I ; I '6
XafLEV», acp'Y)o"E T'Y)V TE/\EUTa~a TOU 7tVO'Y) •
O it.; 1<;:0 I I I I <;:0 I
'¥~/\m7tw'Y)C; 'Y)Tav Evac; a7tO TOUC; yVWo"TOTEpOUC; OpOfLE~C; 7tOU XP'Y)mfLo-
7tOWUVTav EX fLEPOUC; T'Y)C; EXcXO"TOTE 7tOA'Y)C; o"T~C; o"TpaT~WT~XEC; TaxuapOfL~XEC;
I y I I I I <;:0 I <;:0
TOUC; U7t'Y)pEo"~EC;. 7t'Y)pxav apXETm, TWV 07tmWV Ta OVOfLaTa oEV EXOUV o~aO"w-
6 I I Y I ,. I I I I ;
E~, yEv~xa ovofLasofLEVO~ r;fl8(!OU(!OflOl, xa~ a7tO T'Y)V ovofLama aUT'Y) aVT~/\afL-
p I I <;:0 ; I I <;:0 I I I
l-'aVOfLaO"TE OT~ OOU/\E~a TOUC; 'Y)Tav vo: o~aTpEXOUV fLE TaXUT'Y)Ta a7tOo"Tao"E~C;
I <;:0 I I I I K I <;:01
fLETacpEpOVTaCi o~acpopa fL'Y)VUfLaTa, Xup~WC; o"TpaT~WT~xa. a~ TOUTO E7tEW'Y)
<;:0 I I I <;:0 I 1<;:0 P I
o"T'Y) o~apXE~a T'Y)C; E~P'Y)V'Y)C; Ta fL'Y)vufLaTa OEV E~xav T'Y)V w~a l-'apUT'Y)Ta fLE Ta
I ; I 1<;:0 0 <;:0 I I I I
avno"To~xa T'Y)C; 7tO/\EfL~X'Y)C; 7tEpWOOU. ~ 'Y)fLEpOoPOfLO~ EXT0C; a7tO Ta 7tpocpop~xa
I I ~ " I I ~ '"1"
fL'Y)vufLaTa fLETEcpEpav xa~ XWO~X07tm'Y)fLEva, xa7to~a «rro Ta o7tma EsETasOVTa~
I
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it. I I <;:0 I pI;; I P I I
'¥a~VETa~ OT~ O~ 'Y)fLEpoopofLm 7tEp~l-'a/\/\OVTav a7tO O"El-'aO"fLo xa~ a7tOXTouO"av
~o~a[TEp'Y) xo~vwv~x~ xaTa~[wO"'Y) xa~ Emppo~, aAA~wc; aEV E~'Y)ydTa~ TO 7tEp~o"TaT~XO 7tOU a~ao"W~E~ 0 HpOaOTOC; O"XET~XcX fLE TOV TaA6u~w, TOV aYYEA~acpopo
A I I I ;1 I ~ I I
TOU yafLEfLvova, TOV 07tOW TOO"O 7to/\u EXT~fLouO"av ot ..:...7tapT~aTEC; WO"TE TOU
dxav acp~Epwo"E~ xa~ XcX7tOWV vao. « Y7tcXPXE~ O"T'Y) I:7tcXpT'Y) Evac; vaoc; acp~Epw-
I , I 6 I I T ;6 p 1<;:0 I I I
fLEVOC; 0" aUTov, xa wC; xa~ fL~a mxoyEvE~a, or ar. ul-'~aoEC;, 7tOU E~va~ a7toyovm
TOU X~ a7tOAcXfL~avav TO 7tPOVOfLW vo: dva~ X~PUXEC;»7. 0 [aWC; O"uyypacpEac;
I I ,;; I <;:0 I <;:0 I I
avacpEpE~ xa~ Eva a/\/\o 7tEp~o"TaT~xo, EVoE~XT~XO T'Y)C; O"7tOUOaWT'Y)Tac; 7tOU E~xav
; I I I ;
ot Q(yyE/\~Q(cpopm O"TO XO~VWV~XO O"UVO/\O:
6. Dc; yvw(JT6, 0 aywvac; ap6[LOU fLE T"f)V ovofLaO"ta Maea()wvwr; xa8lEpw8"f)XE xal EVT!XX8"f)XE O"TOUC; vE6TEPOUC; OAufL7naxouc; AyWVEC; 0"' aV!XfLv"f)O""f) aUTou TOU 8aufLaO"ToU YEyov6TOC;, TO 1896. To a8A08h"f)O"E 0 Y&MOC; Xa8"f)y"f)T~C; Michel Breal xal 0 7tPWTOC; VlX"f)T~C; ~Tav 0 ~7tUpOC; Aou"f)C; fLE Xp6vo 2 WPEC; 59' 50".
7. Hp6aOTOC;, latooiec, 7, 134.
24
X.~.AAZO:E
I , , , 'i.. "i I I ,
V(XWU~ y~(X"n ,OV (Xyvooucr(XV, 7t(XP 0/\0 7tOU e:Xe:~VO~ YJ'(XV cp~/\~XO~ (X7te:V(XV,~
I, I I I I I '8'
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x(X~ 8(X fL7tOpoucre: vo: ,0 XtXve:~ x(X~ o-ro fLEAAOV. O~ A8YJv(Xim 7ticr,e:y;(Xv TYJV ~cr,opi(X -ro» <lhAm7tioYJ x(X~ fLOA~~ YJ ~w~ ,OU~ e:7t(xv~A8e: o-ro cpumoAoy~xO
I I I Il' I I A I, I I
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I 8' , " 8
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I " 8 I
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xmvwv~xYJ (X7tOOOXYJ -rcov e:pywv x(X~ /\oywv ,OU YJfLe:POoPOfLOU x(X~ ,0 ye:yovo~
(X7tOoe:~xvue:,(X~ (X7tO ,0 v(xo 'YJ~ mXOYEve:~(X~ -rcov T(XA8u~~(Xowv. Av x(X~ ot x~puxe:~ oe:v ~,(Xv U7tOXpe:w,~xtX x(X~ YJfLe:POOPOfLO~, (Xv(xYX(XcrfLEVO~ OYJA(xO~ vo: O~(X-
2. rpoq1.[J.LX~ avom:apacrTacr"t] onou ()(nELXOVL~ET()(L 0 A"(()([J.E[J.VWV X()(L nLcrw TOU 0 ()(,,(,,(EAL()(tfJOpOe; T()(A8u~Loe;.
8. Era tow, 6, 105. 0 IIAOUT()(px.oc.;, ()(VTAWVT()(e; ()(no TOV Hp()(XAe:L~"t] Il ovrixo, ovo[J.a~EL TOV ()(,,(,,(EAL()(tfJOpO TOU M()(p()(8wv()( eiemnno ~ EvxMa. To ovo[J.()( C/>tAtnntOYJr; n()(p()(~L~ETaL ()(no TO AOUXL()(VO, EVW 0 HpO~OTOe; We; C/>tAtnnioYJ ()(V()(tfJEpEL ()(UTOV rrou EcrTaA"t] crT"t] LnapT"t]. H n()(pa~ocr"t] navTWe; TOV 8EAEL We; C/>tAtnntoYJ. BA. B. X. IIETpaxoe;, 0 Maea()wv, A8~v()( 1995, ApX.()(LOAO"(LX~ ET()(LPe:L()( A8"t]vwv.
TIIAEI1IKOINONIE~ TON APXAION EAAHNON
25
, r ''1' ,~ , " 1:"'" '
'TOUe; 'TrxXUTfl'Trx. VWP~sOUfLS O'T~ otsvuxv rx7tOa'Trxas~e; 07tWe; 7t.X fLS'Trxc."U ~7trxp-
'TY]e; xoct Apyoue; as fL~rx VUX'Trx, ~ fLS'Trx~u A6~vrxe; x.rx~ ~7tap'TY]e; as OUO S~X.Ocr~'TS'Tpawprx ('TO 'TSAEU'Trxlo 'TO x.rx'TOp6wcrs 0 <D~Am7tloY]e;). 'OfLwe; 'TO fLsyrxAU'TSPO rx7t' OArx 'TO x.rx'TOp6wcrs Evrxe; 7tSPl7tOU ayvwcr'TOe; rxyySA~W:pOpOe;, 0 EUXlorxe;,
t:" I "
Sc."rx~'T~rxe; SVOe; cry]fLrxV'T~X.OU YSYOVO'TOe;:
«Ms'Ta 'TY] vlx.Y] 'TWV IIArx'Trx~wv, 0 II u6we; A7tOAAwvrxe; 7tpOE'TPSI.j;S 'TOUe; 'EAAY]VSe; vo: ~opucrouv a'T~e; IIArx'Trx~Ee; vrxo 'TOU EAEU6EPWU 6.1rx xoct v« fLY] 6umacrouv 7tP~V rxvrxvswcrouv 'TO ~spo 7tUP 7tOU fL~av6Y]x.s rx7tO 'TOUe; ~rxp~apOue;. TY]v ~sp~ CPAOYrx rxVEArx~s v« fLS'TrxCPEPS~ Evrxe;
~ , , ',' E'~ A'
fLY] O~X.rx~wfLsvoe; ano 'TY]V ~cr'TOp~rx rxyySI\~rxcpopoe;, 0 uxwrxe;. VW'TSpOe;
rxX.OfLrx x.rx~ sx.dvou 'TOU yvwa'Tou fLrxprx6wvooPOfLOU <D~Am7tloY], 0 EUX1-
~, t\,' E ' 1:"' , ,~,
oc«; 7tY]ys a'TOUe; L..l.s/\cpOue;. x.s~ Sc."rxyv~crs 'TO crwfLrx 'TOU, cpopscrs orxcpv~VO
, " , ',[j II ' ~,
cr'Tscprxv~ x.rx~ rxcpOU 7tY]pS 'TY] CPAOYrx S7trxvY]/\VS cr'T~e; Arx'Trx~se; 7tP~V oucrs~ 0
~AWe;, X.rxAU7t'TOV'Trxe; ae fL~rx fLEprx rx7toa'Trxcry] X~Alwv cr'Trxolwv. Av U7tOAoy~a'Td 'TO cr'Taow 7tpOe; 175 cry]fLsp~va fLE'TPrx, 'Trx X1A~rx a'Tao~rx rxV'T~cr'TmXOUV as 175 X~A~OfLS'TPrx»9.
6.ucr'TUxWe;, os yvwPl~OUfLS 'Trx ovofLrx'Trx OAWV 'TWV Y]fLSpooPOfLWV 7tOU XPY]-
'[j , ,~ , " " ' ,
mfL07tmY]vY]x.rxv, x.up~we; x.rx'Trx 'TY] o~rxPx.s~rx 'TWV s/\/\Y]V07tSpcr~x.wv 7to/\sfLwv, xccr
1:"' , ~ ,,' " , ' , , ,
sc.,,0XY]v 7tSpWOO rxV'Trx/\/\rxyY]e; fL Y]vufLrx'TWV Y] 7t/\Y]pocpop~wv, xcct oaoue; rx7tO rxU'TOUe;
yvwPl~oufLs 'TO OcpdAOUfLs x.uplwe; cr'TOV H pOOO'To. 'E'Tm 7tAY]POCPOpoufLrxcr'TS y~rx 'TOUe; IIoAurx rx7tO 'T"f]v Avrtxup« x.rx~ AfL~PWV~Xo 'TOU AUmx.AEOUe; rx7tO 'TY]v A6~vrx
, ' " ' , , a: II' 10
7tOU sx.'Ts/\oucrrxv S7t~ 7t/\SOV x.rx~ x.rx'Trxcrx.07tSunx.o spyo s~e; [-'rxpoe; 'TWV spawv,
'TOV <D~AWVloY] 'TOV ZW1'TOU, 'TOV Avucr'T~ 'TOV Aax.wvrx x.rx~ 'TOV IIrxV'Tl'TY] 'TOV
A ~ , , " 1:" "0 II ' ,
rxx.sorx~fLovw, 7tOU Y] fLo~Prx 'TOU S7tSCPU/\rxc."S 'Tprxy~x.Y] 'TUXy]. rxV'T~'TY]e; Y]'Trxv
" '''' , ' C\'", '
evc«; ooro 'TOUe; 'Tp~rxx.omoue; ~7trxp'T~rx'TSe; 7tOU 7tO/\SfLY]crrxv cr'T~e; rySPfL07tu/\se; rx/\/\rx
7tP~V rx7tO 'TY]V 'TSA~X.~ x.rx~ 'Tprxy~x.~ fLaXY] slXs cr'TrxAsl fLS x.a7tow fL~vufLrx cr'TY]
C\ "0 ~" ts : , , ~ ,
\YscrcrrxA~rx. fLwe; S7tSWy] yA~'TWcrs 'TO vrxvrx'TO - co-reo xwp~e; vo: 'TO smo«o-
1:"' 'H ,~ ''1' " ' ,
c."S~ - 07tWe; cry]fLS~WVS~ 0 pOOO'TOe; « ... YUP~sOV'Trxe; cr'T"f] ~7trxp'TY] rxV'T~fLS'Twmcrs
, "," 11
'Tocry] 7tSp~cppovY]aY] wcr'TS 'Ts/\~x.rx X.psfLrxcr'TY]X.S» .
9. r~wpyoe; XOCPOCAOCfL7t07tOUAOe;, «KPU7tTOYPOCCP(oc xoc~ xw3~xze; TY)Azmxo~vwv~wv aTY)v Apx.oc(oc En&.3oc», EmaTJ7flrJ xat TEXJ!oAoyta 6, 88-95, z3w ce): 88.
10. 'O.7t. (a"Y)fL. 7), 6,2.
11. ~TO tow, 7, 232. To TZAZ~OTZPO aUaTY)fLOC T"Y)Azmxo~vwv(oce; fLZ OCYYZA~OCcpOpOue;, oc~zmfpocaTO ewe; a~fLzpoc, OCVe7tTU~OCV m 'Ivxc«; TOU IIzpou. M7tdvw aTOV 7tz~pOCafLo v« fLzToccpepw oaoc
26
X.~.AAZO~
cr1JfLe:~WVe:~ yW: TO 6EfLIl( Il(UTO 0 Yves Renouard crT1JV e:pYll(cr(1l( TOU «T p07tO~ 7tA1JPOcpOp1Jcr1Je; XIl(~ fLe:yaAe:e; Il(VIl(XIl(AUIj!e:~e;», IaToe{a xac p,i6ooo{ T'rjC" TOfL. A', 147-148:
«AuTIj 1J fLE6030e; TWV VEWV, 7tOU e:CPll(pfLocrT1JXe: 1l(7t' OAe:e; T~e; 7tpO·~·crTop~xEe; xmvwv1e:e;, ~TIl(V ae: Xp~cr1J we; T1J crT~YfL~ TWV 7tPWTWV e:7tw:pwv fLe: TOUe; Eupw7tll((oue; crT~e; xo~vwvb; T1Je; N OT~Il(e; AfLe:p~x~e; XIl(~ T1Je; ~cr1JfLe:p~v~e; Acpp~x~e;, 7tOU ll(yvooucrll(V TO aAOYO, dTe: me:~3~ 3e:v u~pXe: dTe: me:~3~ 3e:v fL7tOpoucre: VIl( e:m~~cre:~ crT~e; xwpe:e; TOUe;. 'ETm TO crucrT1JfLll( TOU 7te:~ou Tll(xu3pOfLou, xOfL~crTIj 7tpocpop~xwv fL1JvUfLaTWv, e:~ll(xoAou60ucre: crT~e; Il(pXEe; TOU 2:T' Il(~WVIl( VIl( dvw TO crucrT1JfLll( TOU ITe:pou TWV 1vxll(e;, 7tOU TO ECPTll(crll(V crT1JV Te:Ae:W7tO(1J~ TOU: 7taVW crTOV fLll(xpu 7tAIl(XOcrTpwfLEvO 3pOfLO 7tOU, oAo~crwe; 1l(7t0 TO Quito we; TO Cuzco, (JXll(pcpaAwve: Til( ~ouva TWV A.v3e:wv fLe: crXIl(A~a xw 3~EcrX~~e: T~e; xO~Aa3e:e; 7tavw cre: 31'0- fLoue;, O~ 3pofLde; 3~1l(3EXOVTIl(V 0 EVIl(e; TOV aAAo, fLe: TOUe; Il(yxwve:e; XOM1JfLEVOue; crTIl( 7tAEUpa TOUe;, 1l(7t0 crTIl(6fLO cre: crTll(6fLo· 6TIl(V 0 Il(VT~XIl(Tll(crTaT1Je; ~e:xwp~~e: crTOV Op1~OVTIl( TOV ll(yye:A~ll(cpOpO 7tOU e:PXOTIl(V 1l(7t6 TOV 7tp01JyoufLe:vo crT1l(6fL6, ~yll(~ve: VIl( TOV 7tpo(j7tll(vTIjcre:~ XIl(~ TOV cruv63e:ue: XafL7tocr1J Wpll( o-ro 3p6fLo TOU· EYW e:-rpe:XIl(V 317tAIl( 317tAIl(, 0 7tpWTOe; ll(yye:Awcp6poe; EAe:ye: crTOV Il(VT~XIl(Tll(crTaT1J TO fL~VUfLll( 7tOU Ecpe:pVe:· ll(uT6e; TO fLa61l(~ve: 1l(7t' t~w XIl(~ TO e:7tIl(VIl(AafL~ll(ve:· OTIl(V TO fLa61l(~ve: XIl(Aa, 0 7tpWTOe; ll(yye:Awcp6poe; crTll(fLIl(TOUcre:, xw ~ll(vll(yup~~e: VIl( ~e:xoupll(crTd o-ro crTIl(6fLO 1l(7t' 67tou dXe: cpuye:~ 0 cruva3e:Acp6e; TOU. 'ETcr~ Til( veo: 3e: crTll(fLll(TOUcrll(V 7tOTE: 7te:TOUcrIl(V XUpWAe:xT~xa 1l(7t6 mOfLll( cre: crT6fLIl( 3~ll(crx1~oVTIl(e; T~e; A.v3e:~e;· 3~Il(T1Jpoucrll(v OA1J TOUe; T1JV Il(Xp(~e:~1l( X~ EfLEVIl(V fLucrT~xa, y~Il(T( 0 ll(yye:AWcpOpOe;, Il(V 3e:XOTIl(V m(6e:cr1J, dXe: xll(6~xov VIl( 7te:6ave:~ xwp(e; VIl( Til( Il(7tOXIl(AUIj!e:~. Luv~6we; xaAU7tTIl(V cre: 3EXIl( fLEpe:e;, fLe: fLEcr1J TIl(XUT1JTIl( 10 X~A~OfLe:Tpll( T1Jv WPIl(, TIl( 2.400 X~A~OfLe:Tpll( 1l(7t0 ~ouva 7tOU XWp~~Il(V TO Cuzco 1l(7t0 TO Quito. AMa 1l(uTI) 1J e:~Il(~pe:T~X~ TIl(XUT1JTIl( 3e:v ~TIl(V e:cp~xTIj 7tll(pa fLOVO y~1l( T1J fLe:Ta30cr1J m(cr1JfLwV e:~3~cre:wv cre: fL~1l( Il(UTOXPIl(TOp(1l( TUpll(w~xa crUyxe:VTpWT~X~, 7tOU E~Il(~e: crT1J 3~a6e:cr1J TWV u7t1Jpe:mwv e:mxo~VWV(Il(e; OAIl( Til( fLEcrll( fL'.W; cruVTpmT~X~e; e:~OUcrlll(e; 7tOU T1Jv e:v(crxue: 0 ~e:poe; Xll(pll(xTIjpll(e; TOU 1vxll(: 3pOfLoue; Xll(pll(YfLEVOue; 7tavw crTIl( ~ouva ~ CPT~Il(YfLEVOUe; 7tavw cre: AIl(cr7tOXWfLll(, crTIl(6fLOUe; XIl(VOV~XOue; y~1l( 3pOfLde; 7tpoCPuAIl(YfLEVOUe; cre: U7tOcrTe:y1l( 07tOU ~TIl(V 1l(7t061JXe:UfLEVIl( TpOCP~fLll( XIl(~ e:cp03~1l(, 7tPOcrTll(crlll( OAWV TWV ~01J6wv T1Je; 1l(7t0 EVil( crXA1JPO Il(UTOXpaTOpW).
THAEIIIKOINONIE2: TON APXAION EAAHNON
27
e' '<I>' 8" , ,
EWPY)(JOUfLE IXUTOU~ TOU~ OpOfLE~~ W~ Eou~-mTlXfLEVOU~, 07tOTE O~ IX7tO(JTIX(JE~~
7tOU ~~EVUIXV dvIX~ fLE(JIX (JTIX Op~IX TWV 8E'CXWV ~XIXVOT~TWV!
AVW:PEPOfLIX(JTE, Aomov, (JE Etpm7tOU~ IXYYEA~IXtpOpOU~12, 7tOU fLE fLEY&:AY) TIX-
, ~'Y' , , , ~ , ,
XUTY)TIX O~E(JX~SIXV TEPIX(JT~E~ IX7tO(JTIX(JE~~ (JE (JUVTOfLO xpOV~XO mIX(JTy)fLlX EXO-
Y' , ,~'" '. '<I> <I> "
VTIX~ fLIXS~ TOU~ 7tIXVW IX7tO ouo Y) TP~IX IX/\OYIX 7tOU TIX m7tEUIXV O~IXOOX~XIX W(JTE VIX
Trx ~EXOUp&:~ouv.
Au~ Y) fLOPtp~ y)fLEpO~pofL~IX~ ~TIXV Y) IXPX~X~, Y) 7tPWTOYOVY) fLoPtp~ fLETIXtpO-
, , '. "8 ~, , <I> ' 8
prx~ fLY)VUfLIXTWV, EVW Y) TE/\EW7tO~y)fLEVY) fLE oooe; TY)~ Y)TIXV Y) Oy)fLWUPY~IX (JTIX -
fLWV 07tOU 0 IXYYEA~IXtpOpO~ (~ TIXXU~pofLO~) &:AAIX~E &:AOYIX' IXXOfLY) mo E~EA~YfLE-
, I , " , '8 '
VO E~VIX~ TO (JU(JTy)fLlX XIXTIX TO 07tOW TO fLY)vUfLlX fLETIXtpEPETIX~ IX7tO (JTrx fLO (JE
e " •• 'Y , '.' ()_ .' , ,
(JTIX fLO, 07tOU IXI\/\IXSOUV TO(JO TIX IX/\OYIX O(JO XIX~ 0 XIXt-'IXI\IXPY)~, EVIX (Ju(JTy)fLlX 7tOU
~'JCX7t~UXe~XE 7tOAU cxno '"rOUe; Ilspcrsc;. '01tWC; (J'~f.LELW'JEt 0 Hpooo'ToC;
T' ,~\:" ~ , , ,
(( mOTIX (JTOV xO(JfLO oEV TIXc..,WEUE~ ypY)yOPOTEPIX IX7t IXUTOU~ TOU~
IT, .' A' , \:"" 'v-
Ep(JE~ IXYYE/\~IXtpOpOU~. UTO TO 7tETUXIX~VOUV fLE TOV Ec..,Y)~ Tp07tO. 1-
, '8' " ~" 8 '
7tIXPXOUV m7tE~~ T07tO ETy)fLEVO~ XIXTIX fLy)XO~ TOU OPOfLOU, ~(Jm (JE IXP~ fLO
fLE TOV IXp~8fLO TWV Y)fLEPWV 7tOU XPE~&:~ETIX~ TO TIX~~~~, ~Y)AIX~~ EVIX~ &:V-
~ c.c i-. '8' T' <1>' , ~,
OpIX~ X~ EVIX IX/\OYO y~IX XIX E fLEplX. mOTIX oEV EWrx~ ~XIXVO vo: EfL7tOO~(JE~
, 1 I l. ',11 I
rxUTOU~ TOU~ IXyYEI\~IXtpOpOU~ vo: XIXI\U'f0UV TY)V IX7tO(JTIX(Jy) 7tOU TOU~ IXVT~-
I ,~, I I ,~' Y'
(JTmXE~ (JTO (JUVTOfLOTEPO oUVIXTO XPOVO, OUTE TO XWV~, Y) t-'POXy), Y) SE(JTY)
~ TO (JXOT&:~~. 0 7tPWTO~, (JTO TEAO~ TOU TIX~~~WU TOU, 7trxPIX~~~E~ TO
, ~ , , , , e' \:", ,
fLY)VUfLlX (JTOV OEUTEPO, rxUTO~ (JTOV Tp~TO XIX~ OUTW XIX Ec..,Y)~, W(J7tOU
• 8' '. ' , • <1>' ,
VIX XIX/\Utp E~ O/\Y) Y) IX7tO(JTIX(Jy), 07tW~ (JT~~ /\IXfL7tIXOY)tpOp~E~ 7tOU 0pYIXVW-
VOVTIX~ rrpoz; T~fL~V TOU 'HtpIX~(JTOU (JTY)V EAA&:~IX. H 7tEpmX~ AE~Y) Y~'
, ,~ 't:' 1 ' '" I "13
IXUTOU TOU EWOU~ TO TPEc..,~fLO TWV IXI\OyWV E~VIX~ rxYYIXPEW •
To (JU(JTy)fLlX IXUTO TO ~~IXT~pY)(JIXV XIX~ TO IXVE7tTU~IXV 0 AAE~IXV~PO~, O~ E- 7t~yovm 7tOU TOV ~~IX~EXTY)XIXV, O~ PWfLIX~m, or BU~rxVT~VO~, XIX~ ot fLOU(JOUAfL&:vm XIXA~tpY)~E~ 7tOU dXrxv XIXTIXVO~(JE~ TY)V TEp&:(JT~IX IX~~IX TOUI4•
12. BA. AEOV&:P VTE Bp~~, To fhfJAlO TWV T'YjAEJUxolVWndJJJ, 17-18.
13. 'U,»: (a"fJfL. 7), 8, 98.
14. BA. YEV~X&: c. H. Scheele, A Short History of the Mail Service, Smithsonian Institution Press,1970, 7-23. To 7tEpa~XO Ecpm7tO TIXXUSpOfLdo U7t~P~E TO mo EVTU7tWmIXXO XIX~ auyxpoT"fJfLEVO auaT"fJfLlX T"fJAEmxO~vwviIX~. To IX7tEx&:AEaIXv TO nediTo nov» E~neic; XIX~ cpua~x&: ~TIXV XpIXT~XO. H Swpy&:vwa"fJ TOU XPIXT~XOU TIXXUSpOfLdou T"fJ~ r1Epa~x~~ AUTOXPIXTOpiIX~, 7tOU EXTE~VOTIXV IX7tO T~~ IXXTE~ TOU A~yIXiou EW~ T"fJV IvSiIX, OcpdAETIX~ aTOV Kupo TOV MEY&:AO
28
X.L'>.AAZ02:
4. TA TAXY6.POMlKA IIEPI~TEPIA
(550-530 7t.x.) 7tOU O'uYXpOTI)O'E TY) [1.EyIiAY) Ba(JlAtK~ 006, XE:VTP~X~ <XPTY)pt<x TY)C; Ecpm7tY)c; E:mxo~vwVt<x<;. H B<XO'~A~x~ 030e; IipX~~E: <X7tO T~e; ~lip3E:~e;, xovTIi O'T~e; <XXTEe; TOU A~ydou, XIX~ ECPT<XVE: EWe; TIX ~ouO'IX, TY)V 7tPWTE:UoUO'IX TY)e; AUToxpIXTopt<xe;, [1.~IXV IX7tOO'TIXO'y) 1.600 [1.lAtWV ~ 2.200 X~AW[1.ETPWV, 7tOU [1.7tOpouO'E: VIX xIXAucp6d IX7tO TOUe; Ecpm7tOUe; TIXXu3po[1.oue; O'E: E:VV~& Y)[1.EpEe;, [1.E [1.EO'Y) TIXXUTY)TIX 240 X~AW[1.ETPWV TY)V Y)[1.EplX. AUTo O'UVE~IX~VE: XIX~ 7tpOe; T~e; 360 xIXTE:U6uvO'E:~e;. BA. E:7ttO'y)e; James/Thorpe, o.n, (O'Y)[1..1), 522-23.
15. C. Revon, «TIX TIX~~3~WT~xli 7tE:P~O'TEP~()(», latooia EtKOJloYl.2arp'Y)f18J11) 105, (Mlipnoe; 1977), 74-77.
16. ITp<XY[1.<xnxot E:cpE:UpETE:e; TOU O'uO'T~[1.IXTOe; TY)AE:mXO~V0)VtIXC; [1.E: T<xxu3po[1.~xli 7tEP~O'TEP~IX U7t~P~IXV 9~ ~OU[1.EpW~, yupw O'TO 2000 7t.X., 7tOU 7tpWTm 3~IX7ttO'TWO'<XV OT~ TIX 7tE:P~O'TEPLO'
THAEITIKOlNflNIEL TflN APXAH2N EAA HN!lN
29
3. 'EvlX m:pL(HEp~ 7tA"Y)cr~a~s~ xIX6~crfLsv"y)
6sa ~ ~SpS~IX. 0 OfLtpIXAOe; 7tOU ~PLcrxsTIX~ fL7tpocrTa
IX7tO T"Y)V ~SpS~IX U7tIX~vLcrcrsTIX~ on Y) crx"Y)v~ ~~IX~PIXfLIXTL~sTIX~ ce xa7tow fLIXvedo, m6WJOTIXTIX TWV llsAtpwv.
H ~SpS~IX xplXTa 6upcro, crTaxuIX crTIl(PWU XIX~ xatjJse; 7tIX7tIXpOUVIXe;.
H Il(VIX7tIXpacrTIXcr"y) 7tOU U7tIX~vLcrcrSTIX~ TO fLu60 y~IX TY)V L~pucrYj
TOU MIXVTdou TWV llsAtpwv, 7tpOSPXSTIX~ IX7tO SAAYjV~XO maTo TWV fLscrwv
TOU SOU 7t.X. IX~WVIX.
smcrTpstpoUV crTIX vsoyva TOUe; IX7tO 7tOAU fLsyaAse; IX7tocrTacrs~e;. 'OfLwe; T~e; 7tpWTSe; IXVIXtpOpSe; y~IX xp~crYj 7tSp~crTSp~WV T~e; sXOUfLs IX7tO T~e; IX~yu7tnIXXSe; 7tYjyse; TOU 120u 7t.X. IX~WVIX, OTIXV 7tEp~crTsp~IX fLSTStpSpIXV crTPIXT~wT~xa fLucrT~xa, fL~IX TEXV~X~ 7tOU ~sATLwcrIXv XIX~ ~~s~WcrIXV O~ ApIX~se; crne; XIXTIXXT"Y)fLEVSe; IX7tO IXUTOUe; xwpse;. MSTa TO 6avIXTo TOU MwafLs6 TO 632 fL.X" O~ ~~atpopo~ XIXALtpse; IXVE7tTU~IXV IXUTO TO crucrTY)fLlX oe 7tPWTOtpIXV~ EXTIXcrYj xIX6~crTwVTIXe; TO EVIX ~IXcr~XO IXSpO-TIXXU~POfLdo. AVIXtpEPETIX~ OT~ 0 Aziz, XIXALtp"Y)e; T"Y)e; Bops~IXe; Atpp~x~e; fLSTIX~U 975 XIX~ 996, dxs 7tEpL7tOU 600 TIXXU~pofL~xa 7tSp~crTEp~IX. To IXPIX~~XO IXSpO-TIXXU~POfLdo fLE 7tEp~crTEP~IX IXVE7tTU~IXV IXXOfL"Y) 7tSp~crcrOTSpO O~ 06WfLIXVOL XIXTIXXTY)TEe; T"Y)e; Eyyue; AVIXTOA~e;. EV~E~xnxa dvIX~ OcrlX IXtpOPOUV TO crouATavo Baydars, ~W~XYj~ T"Y)e; A~yU7tTOU XIX~ TYje; ~UPLac; (1266-1277), 0 07tOLOe; dxs cr"y)fLIXMtjJs~ Til( TIXXU~pOfL~xa 7tSp~crTEP~IX fLS S~~~XO cr~fLll( XIX~ ~IXp~Ee; 7tO~VEe; 7tSPLfLSVIXV ocroue; XUVYjyoucrIXv TIX 7tEp~crTEP~IX IXUTa, TIX 07tOLIX fLETa IX7tO ~~IXcrTIXupwcrs~e; dXIXV s~sA~X6d crs fL~IX crWfLIXTW~"Y) XIX~ ~UVIXT~ 7tO~X~ALIX, ~XIXV~ VIX 7tETa crs fLsyaAEe; IX7tocrTacrs~e;. AVIXtpEPETIX~ OT~ EVIX TSTOW 7tEp~crTEP~ EXIXVE IX7tEu6dIXe; T"Y) ~~IX~POfL~ fLSTIX~U M7taIXAfL7tSX XIX~ KIl("tpou crs ~~acrT"y)fLll( 7 wpwv! BA. B. Laufer, The Prehistory of Aviation, 71-87.
30
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[J-lXvTdwv - ~w3wvY)e;, ~EACPWV x.ATC. - yvwP~~lXv crY)[J-IXVT~XcX. XIX~ IXTCOPPY)TIX
17. Yves Renouard, «Tporro; 1tAY)POCPOpY)crY)<; XCf..~ fLEYtXAE<; Cf..VCf..XCf..AU<j!E~<;», 150-151, o-ro cruAAOY~XO sPyo /aw(..!{a Kat !U!,()OOo{ T'Yjr;, TOfL. A', 141-204.
18. James/Thorpe, o.n, (crY) fL· 1), 525-527. r~Cf.. n<; Emxo~vwvb:; YEV~xtX, ~A. 475-537. 0 ITA(VWC; cry)fLE~WVE~ 1ttXv,w<; o,~ Y) ~HCf.. TOU Avrroviou crTY)V 1to),wpx(Cf.. TY)C; MCf../lsVCf..<; (43
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31
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19. R. Temple, Conversations with Eternity, London 1964, 32-38.
20. n()( ,0 rrEp~cr'()(T~X.O TYJ~ oox.~[.L()(crt()(~ ,wv [.L()(V'rEiwv ()(rro -rov Kpotcro ~A. Hpooo,o~, larooiec, 1, 46-49.
21. A~A~()(VO~, IIoo<lATj latooia 9, 2.
22. Euayy. l.:'()([.LaTY)~, At Iwauxal rTjASlUXOtVwv{m rwv a(}xalo)JJ EAAJjVWV, 15.
32
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5. L'lIA<POPE2: AAAE2: TEXNIKE2: KAI TEXNA2:MATA
23. 'O,n. (cr1)fL. 7), 2, 54-56.
24. AAAWcrTe: yvwpt~oufLe: XIX, IXVrXAOyO ;)1)fL0TeXO TPIXYOU;), IXno T1) fLe:crIX'wv,x~ ne:pto;)o T1)C;
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25. r,1X T1) xp~cr1) TWV TIXXU;)pofL'xWV ne:p,crTe:p,WV ye:v,xrX ~A. James/Thorpe, o.n, (cr1)fL. 1), 525-531, XIX, Yves Renouard, o.n. (cr1)fL. 17), 150-151. r,1X T1JV e:xnlXt;)e:ucr1) TWV TIXXU;)POfL'xWV ne:p,crTe:p,WV cr~fLe:PIX ~A. Kcov. ~. LTuA,rX;)1)C;, H trJTOl}ta TWV T'YjAEmuOlVW'VlOJV, 22-23, orrou cr1)fLe:,wve:, OTe «To LWfLlX TWV ~'IX~'~rXcre:wv TOU e:AA1)V'XOU crTPIXTou EXe:, y,1X crufL~OAo TOU TO fL~vUfLlX: "E~anErJTElAEV T'YjV nEl}trJTEl}aV")).
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33
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34
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ASmXmVWV~IXXWV fLEGWV G'r"Y]v ApXIX~1X EAA&.alX.
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a1vs~ oN. M. 111X7tlXao7tOUAOe;, xwp1e; VIX 'r"Y] G'r"Y]p1(s~ 7toutlsv&., XIXPIXX'r"y]p((o-
" " 27
vrc«; 'rO oAO GUG'r"Y]fLlX «07t'r~XO 'r"y]ASYpIXCPO» •
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AIX, XIX~ 7tIXVW 'r"Y]e; SyplXCPIXV fLS 7tIXX ~IX yplXfLfLlX'rlX XIX~ IXV\JSX'r~X"Y] fLSAIXV"y] -ro fL "Y]VUfLCt.
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o7tmlX XIX~ SX0r--IXV y~1X VIX S~VIX~ ~mlX. lX'r07t~V 'r07tOvS'rOUGIXV 'r"Y]V X'JG'r"Y] fLSGIX G
26. Bruno Ghibaudi, «0 Tr;AlfyplXcpoC;», IIJTOl..!ta Elxo'V0Yl..!mpYJ/lEvYj 10 (A7tp(AWC; 1969), 148- 151· s3w cr. 148.
27. N. M. fIlX7tIX367toUAoC;, n Navrwxta YYJr; LaJ.r1!J,{var;, 155.
F
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35
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28. A~f1.fLa «KPUTIToypacp[a», u.e.t: 1IL1101-'. TOfLoC; IE', 288-292.
29. 'U:it, (GYjfL. 7), 1, 123.
30. Jean Richard, « H XPUTIToypacp{a», l(Jro[!la xcu. NM(}oOOl TrJs. T()fL. B', 199-217.
36
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I I '~', " 31
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31. 'U:n. (C)"YJfL' 7), 5, 35.
32. Horst Blanck, To {It{3}.{o (fT1JV AexatOT1JTa, 57-58. E[vlX~ yvw(JT6 6T~ Y) O'UV~8E~1X VIX yp&.([louv 7t&.vw O'E ([lUAAIX fLIXAIXX.OU fLOAU~30u ~TIXV 7tOAU 3~1X3E30fLEVYJ O'TYJV IXPXIX[IX EAA&.- 31X. To EPYO TOU HO'~630u, 'Eeya xoi Hpieat, ~TIXV yplXfLfLEVO 7t&.vw O'E ThmE~ ([l8IXPfLEVE~ mVIXx.[3EC;, nc; 07t0[EC; dXlXv To7t08ET~O'E~ O'TO ~ouv6 EA~X.WV TY)C; BO~WT[IXC; X.IX~ nc; d3E 0 IIlXuO'lXv[lXC; TOV 20 fL.X. IX~WVIX. ~TO vYJO'[ Berezan X.OVT&' O'TYJV Kp~fLdlX EXE~ ~pE8d EVIX 1X7t6 TIX 7tIXAIX~6TEPIX fLOAU~3~vlX ([lUAAIX, TOU 60u 1t.X. IX~WVIX, 7tOU 7tEp~dXE x.dfLEVO O'E X.&.7t0~1X EMYJV~X.~ 3~&.AEX.TO TY)C; Iwv[lXc; (~A. B. Bravo," Une lettre surplomb de Berezan» Dialogues d' Histoire ancienne, I, 1974, III x, E.)' X.IX~ fL~1X &'AAY) ~p8E O'TO ([lWC; O'E IXVIXO'X.IX([lEC; O'TYJV IXPXIX[IX EAAY)V~X.~ 1X7t0~X.[1X TYJC; I~YJP~x.~C; EfL7tOpdov (~A. E. Sanmarti-R. A. Santiago, «Une lettre grecque sur plomb trouvee a Emporion» ZPE 68, 1987, 119 x. E.).
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t:" t:' " , l ' " ,
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y~orx y~rx -rov ~ow "t"ov rx7tOO""t"OAzrx, O""t"YJ o~apxElrx "t"YJe; Elp~VYJe; "t"rx olrx"t"aYfLrx"t"rx "t"YJe; XEV"t"plX~e; ow~xYJO"YJe;, "t"rx vzrx, ot rx7tocpaO"Ele;, ot VOfLOl Z7tPE7tE vo: y~vov"t"rx~ YVW-
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U7tapXE~ ~oYJ EX"t"E"t"rxfLZVYJ ~l~AWYPrxcP~rx, YJ 07t0~rx O"UVEXWe; EfL7tAOU"t"~~E"t"rxl33 ITzprx rx7tO rxu"t"ze; "t"le; xprx"t"lXZe; U7t08Zo"E~e;, "t"rx 07t"t"lxa O"~fLrx"t"rx olrxoPrxfLa"t"lO"rxV O"7touorx~o POAO O"E 7tOAAa YEYOVO"t"rx "t"YJe; xrx8YJfLEplV~e; ~w~e;, rxcpou rxvrx7trxp~yrxv
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rxvrxfLfLzvo 7tUpO"o E~OO7tO~YJo"E "t"oue; ApyovrxU"t"Ee; vo: O"7tEUO"OUV O""t"YJV KOAX~orx34, fLE
33. BA. W. Riepl, Das Nachrichtenwesen des Altertums, Leipzig 1913, 13-120.
34. A7toAAwv~oC; 0 P6awc;, AeyovavTlxa, Msp. /:"", 482-485.
38
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()(TCAcX ~ TCOAA()(TCAcX, X()(TCVO~ SVTOVO~ ~ ()(TCASe; (JT~AEe; X()(TCVo\), cpWT~Se; TC()(P()(TCA()(VYJT~XSe; TOU fLEys80ue; TOU (JTp()(nWT~XOU (JWfL()(TOe;, cpWT~Se; fLE AcX80e; fL~VUfL()(,
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'EAAYJvEe;, T6(J0 TYJe; XA()(mX~e; 6(J0 X()(~ TYJe; EAAYJV~(JT~X~e; TCEp~6aou (Hp6aOTOe;, 00uxua~aYJe;, ~~6awpoe;, IT()(u(J()(V~()(e;, App~()(v6e;, nOAU()(~VOe; X()(~ cXAAO~).
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, '" "'(' , ' ...
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Q ' ) " '" 'ii '
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35. R. J. Forbes, Studies in Ancient Technology, vol. VI, 172. 0 Guyypat.pE()((; 71:apa71:E[J.71:E~ (GEA. 194, G1j[J.. 202) GTa E~ ~c, Epya: G. M. Pachtler, Das Telegraphieren der alten Volker (Innsbruck, 1867), G. M. Miller, Die Beleuchtung im Altertum (Wiirzburg, 1885), W. W. Woller, Veber antike Telegraphie (Hum. Gymnasium, 1927, GG. 61-75), Merriam, «Telegraphing amongst the ancients» (Paper of the Archaeol. Institute of America, Class. Series III, 1, 1890), A. Still, Communication through the ages from sign language to television, (Rinehart, New York, 1946). E71:[G1jc, TOU H. Diels, Antike Technik (Leipzig, 1920).
THAEII[KOlNQN[E~ nm APXAInN EAAHI'iDN
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xo» fJ.S TOV SAA'YJV~XO crTOAO crT'YJV Tsvsoo. E~vcx~ ° ~owe; m6cxvoTcxTcx TCOU fJ.STsOWcrS
, , , T' '(.l, "1'10
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'0 ' 1:' A6 M' E'(.l,' ,
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yrt.I\Yj, TCspmou 180 X~/\WfJ.STpCX, xcx~ cruyxpovm SpSUV'YJTSe; cxfJ.CP~tJcx/\/\ouv y~cx T'YJ
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Diels39, fJ.s TOV OTCO~O crufJ.cpwvd xcx~ ° Hennig+'. 0 Darmstaedter, cxvT~6sTwe;, u-
'Y' , , , , '10 6 ' ,
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, , '10 '10 ' , '10 ' , E '
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'10 r 'I:' .1,' , " ,
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T " "Y" '" "
TOU upo/\ou, crT'YJV orrotoc ~crXUp~'-,STCX~ OT~ SVCX OTCT~XO cr'YJfJ.cx s~vcx~ 0PCXTO CXTCO
rt.7tOcrTcxcr'YJ 80 XAfJ.. ATCO cxvcxcpopa TOU ATCmcxvou (12.67), OT~ fJ.~cx cpwT~a fJ.TCopd
, , , 18' d 6" ,
vo: s~vcx~ oPCXT'YJ os CXTCOcrTCXcr'YJ 7 X/\fJ.., 0 Dannstae ter UTCO STS~ OT~ « ... fJ.~cx CPWT~CX
, "'I~"" /
rt.vrt.fJ.fJ.sv'YJ crT'YJv xopuCP'YJ TOU opoue; o'YJ fJ.TCOpS~ VCX s~vcx~ 0pcxT'YJ cr CXTCOcrTCXcr'YJ 240
XAfJ..))41. r~cx TO ~OW 6sfJ.cx svcxe; SM'YJVCXe; spsuv'YJ~e;, ° Euan. ~TcxfJ.aT'YJe;, UTCO-
'Y' 6' "'10 "" '10 " , '
crT'YJP~'-,S~ OT~ « ... o: UTC'YJPXOV s~e; fJ.~xpcxe; V'YJcrwcxe; TWV .:...TCOPCXOWV CX/\I\CX CppUXTWP~CX
O'YJACXO~ aMm svo~afJ.scro~ crTcx6fJ.o~ SXTCOfJ.TC~e; CPWTS~VL0V cr'YJfJ.ci:Twv, TOUe; OTCO~OUe; ° A~crxuAoe; TCO~'YJT~X~ cxos~cx TCCXPSAS~Y;S VCX cxvcxcpspS~»42.
3. <l>pYKmpIE~ KAI ~IKTYA <l>PYKTnPIQN
O '10' " , 'I: '10'
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, " , ( ') " '
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, " , " '(" 6
7tpocrox'YJ - 'YJfJ.SpCX xcx~ VUXTCX - TCpOe; T'YJV TCSpWX'YJ CXTC OTCOU yvwp~'-,OUV OT~ o:
'10 " 'T ' , 'Y
OSXTOUV XCXTCOW fJ.'YJVUfJ.CX. ~e; SyXCXTcxcrTcxcrs~e; CXUTSe; T~e; yvwp~'-,OUfJ.S we; CpPU-
" , , ~, " A'
XTWp~Se; 'YJ CppUXTWP~CX, oeo: oe UTCCXPXOUV o-ro V'YJmcx, Xup~we; TOU ~ycxwu,
, ,,"""',
xcx~ XP'YJmfJ.sucxv crT'YJV CXVTCX/\/\CXY'YJ fJ.'YJVUfJ.CXTWV S~TS CXTCO TO SVCX v'YJm o-ro CX/\-
"I' , , , , ' 'Y' II'
/\0, S~TS CXTCO TO v'YJm TCpOe; XCXTCOW TC/\OW, TCX yvwp~'-,OUfJ.S cr'YJfJ.SpCX We; « up-
youe; TOU A~ycx~ou».
39. 'O,»: (crYlfL. 4), 77. rEV~){tX ~A. 77-80. rw: TIX cr~fLlXTIX fLE q)(untX ~A. m(cry)s A. VTE Bp~s,
o.n, (cry) fL. 12), 20-26.
40. R. Hennig, Die alteste Entwicklung der Telegraphie und Telephonie, Leipzig 1908, 87.
41. E. Dannstaedter, Feuer-Telegraphie im Altertum, Die Umschau vol. 28, 1924, aa, 505-507.
42. 'O:i, (cry) fL. 22), 6.
46
X.2..AAZ02:
9.2.:' EVrx Z6tpT"YJ-SKfLrxydo TOU T"1)),smKml)(,)V~rxxou Mouers(ou TOU OTE EZOUV eruyxsv,pwOd Trx mo yvwerT6t 3ixTurx T"1)I\Smxmv(')V~W'1 fLs cppuxTwpisc;. 0 SmerXE7tT"1)C; 7trxTWVTrxC; erTOV "1)1\sXTp~x6 7tiVrxKrx, SfL7tp6C;, T"IJ aU,(KsKplfLEV1J 3lrx3pofL~, T"YJ ~AE7tSl vo. UA07tOldTrx~ o ro sXfLrx'(do fLs TO 6t'lrxfLfLrx fL~Xpwv AUZV~(0V erE X6t8E CPpUX'WpLrx.
THAEIIlKOINQNIEL TQN APXAIQN EAAHN£lN
47
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, ()_ ()_' ~, "Cl ' "
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OPIX'TO'TYJ'TIXC;. 'Orr:UlC; IXVIXCPSpS~ 0 ~'TUA~aoYJC;, « .. 'O"YJfl-IXV'T~XOC; 0"'T1X8fl-oc; 'TYJAsm-
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vsus~ 0 A VIX~[fl-IXVOpOC;, OYJA. fl-S'TSUlpOAOY~XOC; 0"'T1X8fl-oc; XIX~ CPPUX'TW pw rrou YJ ~o"'TOp[1X 'TOU ~sx~vas~ IXrr:O 'T~C; Y~YIXV'TOfl-IXX[SC; 'TYJC; fl-U80AOY[IXC; XIX~ cp8avs~ fl-SXP~
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XIX~ 'TYJ O"YJfl-SP~VYJ srr:oXYJ orrou ot XIX/\OySPO~ [-,OYJVOUV 'TIX rr:AO~1X O"'TOV rr:pOO"IXVIX-
TOA~O"fl-O 'TOUC;»43. Yrr:~PXlXv Ofl-UlC; XIX~ aAAIX s~[O"ou O"YJfl-IXV'T~Xa, O"Ufl-rr:AYJPWVS~ 0 O"UYYPIXCPSIXC;. I1.X· «H ~ouvoxopcP~ 'TOU MsO"O"amou 'TYJC; Eu~o~lXc; SXS~ X~ IXU'T~ TYJ o~x~ 'TYJC; ~o"'TOp[1X O"IXV 8sO"YJ CPPUX'TUlp[OU XIX~ fl-S'TErr:S~'T1X VIXU'T~XOu cpapou, O')tUlC; XIX~ 'TO CPPUX'TWPW 'TOU ~paxlXvou 'TYJC; IXVIX'TOA~X~C; IxlXp[IXc;. AAAIX CPPU-
I , 0 -, / I' A '
XTUlp~1X rrou IXVIXCPSpOV'TIX~ O"'TYJ fl-UVOAOy~1X XIX~ O"'TYJV ~o"'TOp~1X S~VIX~ 'TYJC; VIXCPYJC;,
'T'yJC; rWUX'T~C; (~ouvou O"'TYJV K VUlO"O 'TOU H plXxAdou Kp~'TYJc;), 'TO IXXpUl'T~PW ~[ospo, 0 VIXOC; 'TOU IIoO"s~owvlX O"'TO ~ouvw, 'TO Ax'Tw, x.G:. IIoAAG: 1Xrr:' lXu'Ta'TlX
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O"Yifl-S~1X S~VIX~ XIX~ O"YJfl-SplX 'TYJ/\SmXO~VUlV~IXXm cplXpm» .
r ' " ' "'"
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ASliX rrou SXS~ Y[VS~ O"'TO TYJASmXmVUlV~IXXO MouO"do 'TOU OTE, Orr:OU ae IXVaYAU-
, , , ~ Y ',I. ' '1" ,
cpO mvlXxlX fl-rr:OpS~ 0 smO"xsrr:'T"f)C; VIX SIXVIXSUlV'TIXVS't'S~ 'TIX IXPXIX~IX O~X'TUIX 'TYJ/\srr:~-
XO~VUlV~Wv45. MS'TIXCPSPUl IXrr:OO"rr:~O"fl-1X rr:Sp~yplXcp~C; O"XS'T~XO fl-s 'TO 8sfl-lX: «T IX SX8Efl-IX'T~ Ofl-UlC; rrou ((XAE~OUV 'TYJv rr:lXpaO"'TIXO"YJ» dvlX~ 'TIX rr:porr:AaO"fl-~'T1X XIX~
, 'I" l. " ,
TIX SXfl-IXYS~~ rrou rr:lXpoumlXsouv O"s /\s~'TOUPY~1X 'TIX O"UO"'TYJfl-IX'T1X XIX~ 'T~C; 'TSXV~XSC;
.' 'Cl ' E ''I' M ' ,
TY)Asmxo~vUlv~UlV rtou XPYJO"~fl-0rr:O~YJVYJXIXV O"'TYJv IXPXIX~IX AAIXOIX. rr:ops~ XIXVS~C;
'I' " ',' ca 'I' ''I'
VIX oct 1Xrr:0 XOV'TIX XIX~ VIX o"'TS~/\S~ O"YJfl-IX'T1X IXVIX[-JOVTIXC; OCIXCPOpS'T~XOUC; O"UVOUIX-
, " ()_', , E" ''I' ,
O"fLouC; rr:UpO"UlV ozro»; IXXp~[-JUlC; y~VO'TIXV O"'TYJv IXPXIX~IX /\/\IXOIX, O'TIXV XPYJO"~fLo-
43. '(),»: (cJ"I)[L. 25), 41.
44. Eco tOto.
45. 0ex TCpE1tE:~ O~ exvexyvwaTE~ vex EmaXEcp(JouV TO TIJAE:mXmvwv~exxo Mouado TOU OTE arr,v KYJCP~a~& y~ex vex E:xT~fL~aouv TY)V xexTexTCAY)xnx~ aOIJAE~& TCOU EX.E~ ytVE~ Exd, ex(JOPIJ~ex xex~ x.wptc, UTCEpcpiexAOIJ~ TOVOUC,. A~i~ouv auyx.expY)T~P~ex aTY) L\~oixY)aY) TOU OTE y~ex TO [LOU ado exUTO TCOU dvlX~ [LovlXa~Y.o aTY) x.wpex [Lexc; xex~ UTCOaE:~YfLIXT~XO.
48
X. ~.AAZOL
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7towumxv 'ne; «([)PUX'TWp~Ee;». ~ 'f)/\EX'TpOV~XEe; O~IX··W.'-,E~e; 7tOU XIX'TIXO'XEUIXO''T'f)XIXV
IX7tO 'TOV GTE XIX~ XtXvouv 'TIX Ex8sf.LIX'T1X «O'Uf.Lf.LE'TOX~XtX», Em'TpS7tOuV 'T'f) yp~yop'f)
~ I I ""
Xwo~xo7tm'f)O''f) 'TOU O''f)f.LIX'TOe; XIX~ 'T'f)v «'TIX([)'f)) 'TWV 7tUPO'wv IX7tO 'TOV E7tWXE7t'T'f).
TSAOe;, O'E f.LEytXAO IXVtXYAU([)O XtXP'T'f) 'T'f)e; EAAtXOIXe; f.L7topd VIX OE~ 0 EmO'xS7t'T'f)e; 'TO
I / "(J, '(J.. "T '
([)W'TE~VO 0''f)f.L1X VIX 7tEPVIXE~ IX7tO tJOUVOXOP([)'f) O'E tJ0UVOXOP([)'f), IX7tO 'T'f)v pmlX 0''T~e;
M ' , 'K "M' ts ir ,
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, , E" ' , Cl" '''' P ,
XIX~ 'T~e; ~XIXVO'T'f)'TEe; 'TWV IXPXIX~WV /\/\'f)vwv O'TIXV f.LIXVIX~VE~ O'T~ 0''T~e; W~Ee; IXXp~tJWe;
p' ", ''C '
tJouVOXOp([)Ee;, 7tOU ot IXPXIXW~ E~XIXV EmI\E'-,E~ y~1X 'T'f)v EyXIX'TIXO''TIXO''f) 'TWV ([)PU-
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f.L~XpOXUf.LtX'TWV 'TOU O'uyXpovou 'T'f)AEmXmvwv~lXxOU O~X'TUOU!»46.
M a: , , 'T' M 'CI
E tJIXO''f) 'TIX O''TmXE~1X 7tOU O'UyxEV'TPWO'E IX7tO 'TO EXV~XO OUO'EW \"JEO'IX-
Aovix'f)e; XIX~ 'TO MouO'do T'f)AEmxo~vwv~wv 'TOU GTE 0 Kwv. ~'TUA~tXO'f)e; O'uvs-
Cl " , '" ' , , 1 '"('
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We; E~~e;:
1. L1 {xTva MvxY)vaix~c; EJWX~C;
A/T~voe;- ITtXpoe;-'Ioe;-0~plX- Kp~'T'f)- K vwO'oe;- rWUX'TIX- ~iOEPO- KtXp7t1X8oe;- Poooe;- M~xptX AO'ilX
B/Mux~VEe;- AplXxvlXio- MIXASIXe;- Ku8'f)plX- A v'T~xu8'f)plX-Kp~'T'f)
2. L1{XTVO T(!o{ac;-MvxY)vwv (1195-184 n.x.)
'IAwv-'Epf.LlXw- AxptX8w- MtXx~O''Toe;- MEO'O'tXmOV- K~81X~pwvlXe;- AplXxvlXiov- MuX~VEe;
3. L1 {XTVO n(!OC; Mtx(!Q. Aola (500 ([.x.) ~PtXXOV'TIXe; (IxlXpilX)- ~tXf.LOe;-'E([)EO'Oe;- IT tX'Tf.LOe;
4. L1 {XTVO nE(!atxwv noUpwv (490 n.x.)
~IXAIXf.LivlX- A8~vlX- ITtXpv'f)81X- MEO'O'tXmO- MtXx~O''Toe;- ~x~tX8oe;- ~xupoe;- AxptX8w'EPf.LIXW-M~8uf.LVIX-'E([)EO'Oe;
5. L1{XTVO (/JtAtnnov 11
ITSAAIX- Bspf.Lwv- IT~EpilX-'OAUf.L7tOe;-~'f)f.L'f)'TP~tXOIX-'OO'O'IX- IT ~Aw-'08pue;- KIXAAiOpof.Lo- ITlXpvIXO'O'Oe;-~EA([)oi- EA~XWVIXe;- K~81X~pwvlXe;
46. M&vo<; IIXTpi3'Y)<;, «Oi T'Y)AZ7nXOLVwviz<; GT'Y)v IXPXIXiIX EAA&31X)), TEXJ!oAoYla (zV'1JfLZPWT~XO 3zhLO T'Y)<; ETBA), 7 (1994),38. H IXVlXtpOp& IXUT~ ZVT&GGZTIX~ Ge: fLZYIXAUTe:p'Y) 7tlXpOUGLIXG'Y) IX7tO TOV M. hTpi3'Y), TOU Te:xv~xou MOUGdou 0e:GIXAOvix'Y)<;.
------------------~~---~-- --- ---
THAEmKOINONIE~ TON APXAION EAAHNON
49
6. Bv(avTlvi~ xafl{VofJ{yAaTOe{c~ (1200 fl'X.)
A/IEpov opoe;- il<xn[xwv-'OPYJ AExavYJe;- il <X"fY<X[ov- BSpT~O'Xoe;-0EO' /v[xYJ- ilSAA<X- Bsp(J.w- AO'xw-Bo[o- Tu[l.cpYJ- H YOU(J.EV[TO'<X- Kspxup<x
B / 08wvo [- Kspxup<x- KECP<XAA YJVl<X- T ap<XVT<xe;- I T<xA[<x47•
'\' ,'). " 8 " ,
.:..TOV X<XT<XI\OyO <XUTO npEnE~ v« npOO'TE E~ TO O'UO'TY)(J.<X CPpUXTWP~WV TOU
ASOVT<X TOU (lhAOO'OCPOU, 0 ono{Oe; TO O'UO'TY)O'E TOV 90 [l..X. <X~6:Jv<x (~A. E~8~xo
, ) , <:,
XECP<XA<XW x<X~ E~XE we; Ec,YJe;:
r / AOUAOV - Apy<x[ov (~ouvo) - 'IO'<X[l.oe; - AlY~AOV - Ma(J.<xe; (~ouvo) - Kup~~oe; (~ouvo) - MWX~AOe; (~ouvo) - Aywe; Au~svnoc; (AOcpOe;) - HA~<XXOV TOU <Dapou (Kwv/noAYJ).
47. :~.>ruAL&oYJC;, o.»: (O'YJ[J.. 25), 44-45.
48. Xp~O'TOC; fl. A&1;:oc;, []VeaIU()[';, fJT'Y)'V EJ..Aa.Oa, AtOAoC;, Ae~vOt 1995, 011'0U TO 6E[J.Ot
E~ET&;:;:ETOtL OLE~OOLX&.
49. E. Curtius, Peloponnesus, 1851, II 365.
50. H. Donaldson, Supplement to Stuart and Revett's Athens. 23.
51. TO'OUvTOtc;-Manatt, Mycenean Age, 39.
52. AOOt[J.&VTWC; 2:&[J.,_ywv, «OL 11'UpOtfLtOEC; TYJC; ApYOAtOOtC; XOtL YJ 11'pOtY[J.Otnx~ O'YJfLOtO'tOt TOUC;», AQXawJ..oyta 57 (flEXE[J.~PWC; 1995), 56-61.
_L___ __
50
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53. n&.vv1]C; A. IHxouAOlc;, «O~ 7tUpOl[LtasC; 'y)C; ApyoAiaOlC;», AeXalOAoyi'a 59 (Iouvwc; 1996), 60-63' EaW (JsA. 63 (J'1]v U7tO(JY)[LsLW(J1].
54. L. E. Lord, "Blockhouses in the Argolide», Hesperia 10 (1941), 93-109 ([LS,&'CPPOl(J1] OlU-C"OU ,o:.! &.p6pou EXOlVE 0 K. L1OlVOU(J1]C; XOl~ 'y) aY)[LO(JiEU(JE (JE auo (JUVEXE~EC; (J,O LldTi'O Iaweouvv MdsTWV NavnALov).
55. L. E. Lord, "Watchtowers and Fortresses in Argolis», American Journal of Archaeology 1939, 78-84.
THAEnTKOINnNIE~ H1N APXAHlN EAAHNn:'l
51
10. T p(IX (J){LT(JIX TOU IXPXLTEXTO\lIX - IXPXIXLOA6- ,(OU MIX\l6A"I) KoppE rrou IXtpOpOU\I TIJ yvw(JTI) rruPIXfL(3IX TOU EM"I)\lLXOU (KEtpIXA1XpL TOU Ap'(ou~), 1] orro(IX IXrr6 IXPXE:TOUC; EpW\I"I)TEC; (JEWPc:LTIXL tppuXTWp(IX. IIEplX IXrr6 TLC; 0- rrOLE(J3~rroTE IX\lTLpp~(Je:LC; '(LIX TIJ\I IXL(J8"1)TLX~ TW\I CJj(e:3(w\I ce CJj(EtJ'l) fLE T'l)\I fLe:'(IXAL8LX~ rrupIXfLL- 30EL3~ ~,xtJ'l) TOU XT((JfLIXTOC;, 'l) 6A1] 3L,xTIX~1] rrou EfLtpIX\I(~ETIXL e:3w - (JU\lEmXOUpOUfLE'IYJ IXrr6 m(rrE- 3"1) opotp~ - (JUfLtpW\lc:L fLe:
TL~ IXPXIX(e:C; tpPUXTWp(e:C;.
L
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, , / , ... .... I , , ,
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, 0', " 0 ''''' 'E'
pwv TCOU vrx s/\sYXrxv Trx TCsprxafJ-rxTrx YJ vrx cppoupouarxv oorxc; rxpTYJP~Se;. TCPO-
XS~TO, Aomov, y~rx fJ-~xp&. nOAVrlVO(!la, OTCWe; Trx rxTCoxrxAd xrx~ 0 IIrxuarxvirxe; aTYJv 1tsp~~YYJa~ TOU aTYJv TCSpwX~ rxUT~.
EVTuTCwaYJ fJ-ou TCpo~EvYJas aTO &.p6po TOU IIixouArx X&.TCOW aXEaW y~rx TYJV
8' " '''' E' , ' , ' ,
m «vt; fJ-OpCPYJ TCOU S~XS YJ TCUprxfJ-Wrx TOU /\/\YJV~XOU, SXTs/\safJ-svo rxTCO TOV
rxPX~TExTOVrx MrxvOAY) KoppE. To aXEaW TOU KoppE sfJ-cprxvi~s~ EVrx a~wpocpo
, /'" a: I
1tupy~axo, SXTS~V0fJ-SVO TCrxVW rxTCO TYJV TCSTP~VYJ tJrxaYJ TOU XT~afJ-rxToe; - TCOU
yvwpi~oufJ-s we; TCUprxfJ-iarx TOU EAAYJV~XOU - as u~oe; 7-10 fJ-ETPWV, fJ-s TCAiv6~-
, A , "" , " ',I, ' 14' ';" (
'laue; TO~XOUe;. LlYJ/\rxOYJ ev« auvo/\~XO u'!'oe; TCspmou fJ-STprx fJ-rxs~ fJ-S TYJV TCU-
prxfJ-~aOs~a~) ~&.aYJ TOU. A v xrx~ 0 auyyprxcpErxe; aYJfJ-s~wvs~ OT~ «xrxAUTCTOTrxV
f) /~, I If' ii.' "
1tWrxVOTrxTrx fJ-S mpp~XTYJ xsprxfJ-oaxsTCYJ aTSYYJ, OTCWe; Toarx rx/\I\rx auvrxcpYJ XTYJP~rx
TYJe; rxPXrx~OTYJTrxe;»56, aXETCTOfJ-rx~ TCWe; o» as a~E6sTS aipp~XTYJ fJ-OPCp~ aTEYYJe; xrx~
, '''' ' 0 '0' " ''''
Y)TrxV smTCSoO aTYJV XOPUCPY), vrx fJ-TCopouas vrxufJ-rxmrx v« s~vrx~ XrxTCOW SWOe;
, "", " '0' , ,,,,,
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, 'II' '" I~ I
ylrx TO oxozro rxUTO. rxVTwe;, o» rxcprxlpsas~ xrxTCowe; rxTCO Trx axsolrx TOUTrx
56. 'O,n; ((J"I)fL. 53), 61.
52
X.~.AAZO~
4. OI BYZANTINE~ KAMINOBlr AE~
'" p. Y I I "" I Iy I P. I I I . .: .. {r1) tJUSIXVTW1) 7tSPWOO, xwp~e; VIX yvwP~soufLs 7tOTS IXXp~tJWe; XIX~ XIXTW 1X7t0
Cl' I I (' ') I
7tmSe; O"uvv1)xse;, 1) ovofLlXmlX cppuX'rwp~se; 1) CppUXTWP~1X syxlXTIXAsmsTIX~ XIX~
IXVT~XIX8[o"TIXTIX~ 1X7t() T1) AE~1) xa!UVo~{yAa XIX~ xafllvo~{yAta, xlX8we; IXVIXCPEPS~ 0 N ~x1)cpopoe; <Dwx&e;: «07tWe; ~V~XIX xLV1)(ne; TWV sX8pwv YEV1)TIX~ XIX[ ot ~~yA&TOpSe; TIXUT1)e; IX'L0"8wVTIX~, 3~& TWV xlXfL~vo~~yAwv XIXL 0 O"TpIXT1)yoe; TWV E~EASUotv TWV sX8pwv 7tpoy~yvwO"xS~ ..... »58
H ''C !/' 1 I I I I I I Cl I
AS<..,1) XafllVOfJlY Aa SUXOAIX y~VSTIX~ XIXTIXV01)TO OT~ S~VIX~ O"UVVST1) 1X7t0 T~e;
XafllVOC; XIX~ ~{yAa, AE;S~e; SAA1)V~XEe; XIX~ ot Mo .. Ev T01hme; 31)fLwuPy~81)XS
" 'i. I I I '0.
XIX7tmlX O"UYXUO"1) y~1X T1)V 7tpOSI\SUO"1) T1)e;' 0p~O"fLsvm TIXUT~o"IXV TO 7tPWTO O"UVvS-
I (') ... I ... ''C' I I... I
T~XO XlXfHVO fLS T1)V ~TIXI\~X1) /\SS 1) cammo 7tPOSPXOfLSV1) 1X7t0 T1) I\IXT~V~X1) fLS-
o"lX~WV~X~ AE;1) caminus (fLS T1) O"1)fLIXO"LIX (jeOflOC;) XIX~ 3~IXTU7twO"IXV T1)V &7t0~1) OT~ 1) AE~1) XlXfLWO~LyAIX ~TIXV AIXT~V~X~e; 7tpO EASUG1) e;59 .. npOXS~TIX~ OfLwe; y~1X &VSU
I I I ... ''C I I I...... I "" I
oumlXe; IXVT~PP1)G1) IXCPOU 1) I\S<.., 1) XlXfL~voe; S~VIX~ IXPXIX~IX SI\I\1)V~X1) XIX~ U7tOo1)AO~
I I I I "" I ... I "" ... ''C A'... I I
SVIXV Xwpo 07tOU XIX~yOVTIX~ o~IXCPOplX U/\~XIX, 1) oe /\S<..,1) tJ~Y/\1X SWIX~ SAA1)V~X1),
fLSo"lX~WV~x~e; 7tPOEASUO"1)e;, XIX~ U7t031)AOL TO 7tIXPIXT1)P1)~p~O .. 0 Pattenden 0"1)-
I I I Iy " .1,' Cl '
fLS~WVS~ OT~ ocot U7tOo"T1)P~sOUV T1)V 7tP01)YOUfLSV1) 1X7t0'!'1) « ..... SXOUV 7tlXplXo"UpVS~
, ... ' I , "" B' H ... ''C I
1X7t0 T1) I\IXT~V~X1) fLSTlXcpplXO"1) T1)e; SxoOO"1)e; T1)e; OW1)e;. I\S'-,1) XlXfLWO- 7t1X-
, , ......' ... ''C I I , 'A
PIX7tSfL7tS~ O"IXCPSO"TIXTIX o"T1)V S/\I\1)V~X1) /\S<.., 1) XlXfLwoe;, SVIXV CPOupVO, XA~tJIXVO, XIX-
, , (J,.' i.() I '" , "
fLW~, XIX~ We; SX TOUTOU TIX XlXfLW0tJ~yl\ ~ IX 1)O"IXV 07tT~XIX 7tIXPIXT1)P1)T1)P~1X XIX~
7tIXPIX7tEfL7tOUV O"TOUe; O"TlX8fLoue; 7tpos~307tOL1)0"1)e; XIX~ smcpuAIXX~e;»60 ..
~TO EPYO TOU N ~X1)CPOpOU <DWX& II Ee{ II aea(jeofl1c; (~ De velitatione bellica),
57. LO~lXpOTIXTIJ /)~lXcpw'lilX 1tpo<; T~<; IX1tOy.,S~<; TOU r. fHxoUAIX /)YJfLoaW1to~~8YJxs d1to TO'l IXPX~TEXTO'l1X B. KIXTa~lX/)p&.fLYJ, 1tOU lX'IIXTPE1tS~ 1tOAA&' IX1tO TIX smxs~p~fLIXTIX TOU 1tpOYJYOUfLE'IOU. BA. BlXaiAYJ<; KIXTa~lX/)p&.fLYJ<;, «'HTIX'I fL'IYJfLdo YJ IluPlXfLi/)1X Apyou<;, XIX~ fL~1X 1t1X~/)lXp~W/)YJ<; &'1toy.,YJ IXPXIXWAOYOU», LlavAO, 179 (NOEfL. 1996), 10873-10881.
58. N~xYJcpopo<; cDwx&.<;, «Ilspi IllXplX/)pofL~q), (~"De Velitatione bellica») 2. Ex/). C. B. Hase, CSHB, BowYJ, 1824, 188.
59. BA. E. A. Sophocles, Lexikon, A. Blaise, Lexikon Latinitatis Medii Aivi, Tumhout, 1975, XIX~
R. E. Lathan, Revised Medieval Latin Word List, London, 1965.
60. Ph. Pattenden, "The Byzantine early warning system», Byzantion, TOfL. LIII (1983), 258-299' s/)w ce): 266, aYJfL. 13 .
•
L
THAEllIKOINONIEl: TON APXAH2N EAAHNON
53
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[1.aoEe; reanE!;lTwv, TOUe; OTCO[OUe; or ApfLSVWl IXTCOXIXAOUV raatvaelOVc; XIXl IX-
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(<JT'Y) L:Up[IX XIXl KlAlX[IX) TCPOXIXAWVTIXe; al&q;opEe; XIXTIXG"Tpoq;se; XIXl EmalWXOVTIXe; VIX G"UAA&~OUV X&TCOlOV EX8po we; IXlXfL&AWTO ••• »61.
B", , (J.' , (J. " , , /\ETCOU[1.E OTl 'Y) ovofLIXmIX XIXfLlV0l-'ly/\Ee; XlXl XIXfLlV0l-'ly/\IXTOpEe; ElVIXl G"E G"IXq;'Y)
IXVTlallXG"TOA~ TCpOe; Tle; IXTCASe; ~[YAEe; (TCIXPIXTy)PY)T~plIX) XIXl TOUe; ~lYA&TOpEe; TCOU EXOUV EVTEAWe; &AAY) UTCy)pm[IX62• Evw G"UVIXVTOUfLE XIXl TY) AS~Y) EX(Jn'YjAarOeEC;, nou m8IXVOTIXTIX ~TIXV ot TCPO'CG"T&fLEVOl IX~lWfLIXTlXO[ TWV XIXfLlVO~lyAIXTOpWV. <l>umxa UTC&pXEl alIXq;opOTCO[Y)G"Y) G"E G"XSG"Y) fLE ue; IXpXIX[Ee; q;pUXTWp[Ee; XlXl TOUe;
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[1.ETOVO[1.aG"TY)XE TO ITu8w IXTCO TOUe; Toupxoue; G"E «KOUAEA~-MTCoupYX&e;»,
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TlXl • .;.,TO IXplG"TEpO TfLY)fLlX TOU ElXE G"TY)v xopq;Y) TOU G"XETCIXG"fLEVEe; ETCIXAsEle;-TCIX-
61. 0EWV1) M7tlx~dou-Barabas, Miaa nat reOnOl flsraooarJr; nArJeOrpOeWJV oro BvCavrw, EX~. /I~pufL(J( rOUA(J(V~P~-Xopv, A8~v(J( 1994, 23.
62. To (J(fLEGWe; 7tP01)YOUfLEVO XECPtXA(J(W (J(7t0 (J(vro vux. 'ne; x(J(fL~VO~LYAEe;, GTO EPYO TOU N~x1)cpopou <PWXtX, nTAocpopdT(J(~: «IIsei (3lYAWV nat noao» olaarrJfla orpslAovmv an' aAAr/},wv flia snaarrJ otlaraafJam, 07tOU fL(J(8(J(LVOUfLE OT~ O~ ~LYAEe; (J(7tEXOUV fLET(J(~U TOUe; 5-6 X~A~ofLETp(J(, on O~ ~~YAtXTOpEe; dV(J(~ EUGWfLO~ X(J(~ U7t1)PETOUV y~(J( 15 GuvExde; 1)fLEpEe; fL6vo A6yw TOU xom(J(GT~XOU EPYOU TOUe;. Ll~(J(XPLVOVT(J(~ G(J(cpwe; (J(7t0 TOUe; x(J(fL~VO~~YAtXTOpEe; E7tE~~~ ~EV fL7t0POUV V(J( fLET(J(~WGOUV E~~~GE~e; fLEGW CPWTE~VWV (1)fLtXTWV, (J(AAtX V(J( T~e; fLET(J(CPEPOUV 7tpOrpop~XtX fLoVO GTOV u7tEu8uvo GTp(J(T1)YO.
- - - __ . --_._--_. __ ._ .. _-------------------------
54
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Al-Muqaddasi (S;)plXcrS 'TO 985 fL.x. 7tspl7tou) sv6e; ;)~X'TUOU XlXfL~vO~~YAWV 'TYJe; mox~e; 'TOU cr'TYJv 7tSpWX~ 'TYJe; ITIXAIX~cr'TlvYJe;:
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TIlAElIlKOlNW,!EL: TflN APXAWN EAAHNllN
55
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'rDAtXOTSPO crYJfLdo TOU crucrT~fLIXToe; XIX~ crXST~XrX fLS TO lXV, TYJV S7tOX~ TOU MtXIX~A I" 7tOU sowcrs OtIXTIXY~ VIX IXXPYJcrTsu6d 0 YJAtIXXOC; TOU <l>rXpou, ~TIXV
64. To 6vOfLG( Al-Muqaddasi slVG(~ TO E:AG(cpp6t Tp07t07tO~y)fLEVO xm (J'JVTOfLE:'JfLEVO 6vOfLG( E:v6C; YVW(JTO'J 6tpG(~G( YE:wyp6tcpo'J. BA. Ahsamr-t-Taqdsim fi Ma 'rifati-l-Aqdlim known as Al-Muqaddasi translated from the Arabic and edited by G.s.A. Ranking and R.F. Azoo. Bibliotheca Indica, Asiatic Society of Bengal, N.S.N. 899 (Calcutta, 1897), (JE:A. 291. Tt« TY)V 7tPWTE:llQ'.)(JG( (Ar-Ramlah) (JTIj !JE:A.270.
56
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65. rw: TO 8E[L()( TY)C; T01t08Ecrl()(C; TWV X()([LLVO~LyAWV cr'Y)[L()(VTLX6 1t()(P()([LEVEL TO Epyo TOU W. M Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, London 1890, xuptwc; crTLC; orr. 187, 351-3.
66. 'O,»: (cr'lj[L. 58), 188.
67. J. Koder, Der Lebensraum der Byzantin: Historisch-geographischer Abrib ihres mittelalter lichen Staates im ostlichen Mittelmeerraum, rXp()(TC;-BLEVV'lj-KoAWV1()( 1984, crEA. 85, ()(1tELX. lC rEVLX& 84-86.
68. 'O,»: (cr'Y)[L. 65), 351.
THAEITIKOINONIEZ: TON APXAION EAAHNON
57
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69. Pattenden, o »: (crY)f1.. 60), 268.
70. W. M. Ramsay, o.n. (cry)f1.. 65), 353.
71. Paul Lemerlc, 0 II(!c/n;o, BvtavTlvo, OVP,a'VtafJo" MIET, A8~vO( 1985, 380, cry)f1.. 29.
58
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KO(~ TO( 060 7tO(Po(OEfLo(To( o(VO(rpEpOVTo(~ 0(71:6 T'l) (1. M7tO(~O(lou, (aTo t()w, 17-18) xO(~ 7tpOEPXOVTW 0(7t6 ,0 EPYO TOU E. Trapp, Digenes Akrites, B~EVV'l) 1971, Wiener Byzantinische Studien VITI, 292, O'T. 2771-2773, TO 7tPWTO xO(~ O'T. 2781- 2784 TO OEUTEpO. H O'u'(ypO(rpEW; 7tO(PO(7tEfL7tE~ mlcr'l)C; O"ro N. Oikonornides, "L' Epopee de Digenis et 1a frontiere orientale de Byzance aux Xe et Xle siecles», Travaux et Memoires 7(1979), 375-397.
73. Tr;v 71:A'Y)pOrpOp[O( o(UT~'r; 0. M7tO(~O(lou O(vTAsl 0(7t6 -ro The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.
60
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x(X~ cppcX:yx~xY). «0[ 7tUpyo~ o{),m, we; EX Tfje; yswyp(Xcp~x'lje; 'cX:~swe; 'r'lje; x(X,' tX7tO(5'cX:(5S~e; o~(Xoox'lje; (Xu,wv X(X[ EX 'r'lje; ,07toyp(Xcp~x'lje; O~(XfLopcpW(5SWe; ,WV ElS(5SWV, ECP' WV ~ydpov,o, (5(Xcpwe; x(X'(XCP(X[vs,(X~, OSV EXPy)(5[fLsUOV we; CPcX:-
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p~(X» 78.
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74. 6.. I'p. KlXfL7tOUPOYAou, MVYjf1da rw'V AtJYj'Vo)'V, Ae~YIXL 1887, B' 82.
75. BA. J. Koder and F. Hild, Hellas und Thessalia (= Tabula Imperii Byzantini. Ed. H. Hunger, I),
Vienna 1976, 112-3, 67tOU 7tIXPEXOY,IXL IXPXS'EC; 7tA1JporpoptsC;. P. Pattenden, 271, O"1JfL. 23.
76. P. Dvomik, Origins of Intelligence Services, New Brunswick, 1974, 219, 233.
77. ,Era {Ow, 232.
78 .. ~. E. Auxou81JC;, «ITupym -rou ALYIXLOU», M.E.E., ,6fL. K', 898-99. E8w O"sA. 898.
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8IXAtXamO aTIXUpOapOf1.~ X[OU- M~xplXmIXT~X~e; 7tlXpIXA[IXe;- LtXf1.0U- IItXTf1.0U X.A7t. 0 a~IXT1)pOUf1.e:voe; cptXpOe; TOU ~PtXXIXVOU 81X dvlX~ aTO A~ylX~o TO IXP:x.IX~OTe:pO T1)Ae:mxmvwv~IXXO XT~af1.1X 7tOU Ef1.e:~Ve: we; T~e; f1.Epe:e; fllXe; op-
79. Era lOto. 899.
80. M. F. Boussac et G. Rougemont, "Observations sur Ie territoire des cites d' Amorgos», Les Cyclades, Table Ronde Universite de Dizon, 1982, 113-120.
81. Era lOto, 114, 116, 118.
62
x. ~. AAZ02:
12.0 TCUpyO<; "t""YJ<; AyllX<; Tp~&olX<; "t""YJ<; Auopvo». II~8IXvo"t"IX"t"1X TCpOXS"IX~ y~1X spdmlX "t""YJAsmxo~vwv~IXXOU TCUpyOU.
82. 'O.»: (mJll.. 37), 70-71.
THAEl1fKOTNONIE2: TON APXAION EAAll:"<nN
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67
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68
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84. H (JlJyypoccpsoc~ OCVOCCPEPETOC~ (JE EVOC (JIJV'f)6~(J~EVO CPOC~VO~EVO XOCT:X T'f)V TOlJpxoxpocT[oc, OTOCV o xMls «CP~AEAA'f)V)) ~svo~ ocyOpoc~E OC1tO TOIJ~ ToupxolJ~ EVOC T~~~IX EAA'f)V~X~~ y'f)~ y~oc vo: -:0 ocVOC(JX:xljiE~ xoc~ vo: ~ETOCCPEPE~ (JT'f) xwpoc TOIJ O(JIX OCPXoc[lX E~p~(JXE. To 1811, 0 ~lXpOVO~ X:XAAEP cpOV X&AAEp(JT&~V lXyOplX(JE y~oc AOYIXP~OC(J~O TOIJ AOIJ(')o~[xolJ A', (')~IX36xolJ TOTE 7'f)~ BoclJocp[oc~, TO 8EOCTPO TIJ~ M~AOIJ, EVOCVT~ TOIJ 1to(JOU TWV dxom A~PWV, ~E TOV opo VOC 1tOCpOC(')W(JE~ (JT~~ TOIJPX~XE~ OCPXE~ TO 1/4 TWV EIJP'f)~hwv. 0 AOIJ(')o~[xo~ dXE 1tE~ OT~ « ... 61X 1tpOT~~OU(},E 'JOC d'ioc~ 1tOA[TIJ~ T'f)~ ocPXoc[oc~ EAA&OOC~ 1tOCp& ~IX(},~A~&~ ''f)~ BoculXp[oc~)) (~A. TO E~IX~PE"XO EPYO -:OIJ Richard Stoneman, AvuCrJTwvTw; Trlv uAumx1 EAA(x?5u, 288, EXO. MIET, A6~vlX 1996). H Briton 1tOCpOC6ETE~ TO (},To~Xdo IXUTO y~oc VOC TOV[(},E~ T'f)'J OCO~OCcpOp[1X TOU Xp&TOU~ y~1X TO X-:[(}'~OC ''f)~ 'Avopou.
85. 'O;n. «(}''f)~. 83), 57-58.
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86. Richard, o,n: (aw. 30), ,011-. B', 199-217. E3w aEA. 199.
87. LTO tOw, 200.
70
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88. LTO {ow, 199.
89. Ti« 'T1)v x.pU7t'TdlX GX.\)'TtXA"y) ~A. H. Die1s o.n, (G"t]fL. 4), 71-73, IXTt' OTtO\) IXv'TAd X.IX~ 0 Eo.
L:'TlXfLtX'T"Y)C;. 0 Diels G'T"Y) GEA. 72 TtIXPIXTtEfLTtE~ miG"t]c; G'TO x.dfLEVO 'TO\) Leopold «De scytale Laconica», Mnemosyne 28 (1900), 365 ff., IXTtO 'TO orroto tXV'TA"Y)GE G'TocXdlX 0 U3wc;.
90. ITAOU'TIXPX0C;, Bioi IIaeu).}..Tj}m, «AuGGlXv3poq), X.ECP. 19.
91. L:;lXfLtX'T"'fjC;, o,n: (G"t]fL. 22), 10-11.
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102. '0. it, (cr"Y)[L. 7), 7, 239.
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EVrx 8Y)AUXO TEprxe;, vo: vlx~m;l TOUe; TCOASf1.0xrxpde; ~OAUf1.0Ue; Xrxl 'ne; Af1.rx~ovse;, Xrxl, TEAOe;, vo: VlXT,O'Sl TOV TCSlprxT~ Xdf1.a.:ppo. 0 BSAASpScpOVTY)e; ECPSpS O'S TCEpa.:e; OASe; 'ne; a.:TCOO'TOAEe; a.:UTEe; Xa.:l 0 Io~(hY)e;, 8a.:Uf1.6:~oVTa.:e; ml TCAEOV TO 86:ppoe; TOU
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,LOW TY)e; TIXVlXypIXLIXe; xopY)e;, 7tOU 7tIXPIXElSTSL 0 Diels104•
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104. 'O.n. (en) fL. 4), 72.
105. L'rj,UaVTI1{Oa yrj -rYjv cJ:r;;oxr:£Ad ° Hpo8o-roc; (n,38), EVW guno Tf;V (J.7':ox(J.Ao0J'J ° Apto-rorpXV1J~ (cr-r1J AV(J[aTI!ClTrj, 1200) X(J.L ° nO)\U8EUX1J~ (Ovo,u(Jau;.(()X. 58) BA. YEVLXX, (00fL'~W'l, o.n. (cr1JfL. 96), 45-46.
106. G)ofL..jJwv, o,»: (cr1JfL. 96), 44 X(J.L cr1JfL. 5.
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22. I1~VOI.Xi~WTOU 30u u.X, OI.~uJVOI., fiE rI.(J){y)cr'l) OI.VTLYPOl.CP~C;· 2:,Jficpu.lVIX fiE TO urroaELYfiOl. TOU ~()((JXrl.AOU, IJTI)V mxvw fiEPUx TOU mVOI.x~~iou 0 fiOl.eY)~e; E7tOl.VOI.AOI.fi~rl.VE~ TScrcrEP~C; CPOpSC; TY) cpprl.GY): ({cD~AO-
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23.I1~vOI.xi~w TOU 30u fiX. OI.~uJVOI., fiE rl.crXY)GY) TOU fiOl.e·~~ (J'TO X.WP~crfio TWV AS~EWV T~C; orroiEC; ~LOI.xpiVE~ fiE rrArI.y~EC; YPOl.fifiSC;. To xdfiEVO rrpospx.ETOI.L OI.rro TY)V IAuiOa B, 147 x. E~. 2:TO TSAOe; Urrrl.px.E~ Y)fiEpOfiY)viOl.: 11000x.uJv 2, ~Y)AOI.~~ 28 Arrp~Aiou.
80
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aswv SAAYJV~X.WV. 'EqJ' svoe; OS ,wv x.rxAU[L[La,WV lmapxS~ X.OI,AOV xaprxy[Lrx rrpOe; Ev8sa~v ,wv YPrx9~x.wv opyavWV))107.
I:uvsx[~oV'!rxe; 'YJV rrrxpa8saYJ a,o~xdwv y~rx aAASe; 0~rxaw8dase; x.spW[LSVSe; mvrxx.{ose; ° {OWe; auyyprxqJsrxe; rrpoa8s,s~:
«''AAAO OS [L~x.pOV ~~~A[OV, EXOV [LYix.Oe; [LSV rrsp[rrou OSx.rxOx.,W hrx-
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urro E~ mvrxx.[owv x.rx[ qJSps~ ysyprx[L[LSvrxe; m8rxvwe; urro [Lrx8YJ'ou ,au ,p[,ou rxtwvoe; [L.X. yprx[L[Lrx,~x.ae; &ax.~as~e; x.rx[ &AArxe; aYJ[Ls~was~e; s-AAy)vw,{, o[Lo{we; OS x.rx[ &,sXvov axsowyprxqJ{rxv, '{awe; YSAOWyprxqJ{rxv, 'au 0~orxax.aAouI08. 'Trrapxoum OS x.rx[ 0,)0 mvrxx.[ose; rrsp~sxouarx~ a,[xouc; ysyprx[L[LSVOUC; sAAYjv~a,[ EV [LSyrxAOyprx[L[LeX-rqJ pu8[L(}l m8rxvwe; os cuvr«x8sV'!rxe; xap~v aXOA~x.Yie; &ax.~asWe;»109.
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2 rrsp[rrou sx.rx,oa,o[Ls,pwv ~vo~yov &AAYjV orr~v. 'H ,SASU,rx[rx rxu,~ on;~
107. Era t(jw. To rrOAU1tTUXO aUTO (EYXE~p[(~LO) o ro BpETav~xo Moucrdo If'EPE~ TOV ap~efL6 Add.ms. 33270.
108. ~TO BpET. Mcuceto CPEPE~ TOV ap~efL6 Add.ms. 33368.
109. 00fLtj;wv, 6.n. (crY) fL· 96), 490. 0 cruyypacpEw:; rraparrEfLrrE~ w; «Verhandlungen der Philologen - Versammlung zu Wiirzburg», 1869, cr. 239.
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ETC'PE7tE V&. XdT(x~ ETC'[ T'fj<; Eu8d(X<; T'fj<; svouaY)<; TI)V O~V TOU XEVTPOU X(X[ fL[(XV Tuxoua(Xv EX TWV 24 OTC'~V TC'(xP&' TY;V TC'Ep~cpEPE~(xV. K(xT&' aUfLCPWV[(XV fLET(x~U TC'OfLTC'OU M[ OEXTOU ~ TC'(xP&' T~V TC'EP~CPEPE~(xV OTC'~, ~ EupmxofLEvY) ETC'[ T'fj<; TC'pOExT&'aEw<; T'fj<; Eu8d(X<; T'fj<; svouaY)<; T~V OTC'~V TOU XEVTPOU X(X[ T~V TC'(xP' (XUTO OTC'~V EAOY[~ETO W<; TO YP&.fLfL(X aAcp(X ((X). K(xT&' TI)V CPOp&.V T'fj<; x~vy;aEW<; T(';JV OE~XTWV TOU 0)POAOY[OU EA(XfL~aVOVTO EV auvExdq. ETC'[
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&TC'OXpUTC'Toyp(Xcp~aEW<; ~MV(xTO V&. AY)cp8yj ~ &vayvwm<; TWV tp(XfLfLaTWV E~ &p~aTEpWV TOU (X ~ TO (X V&. A(XfL~avET(x~ 45 fLO[P(x<; oE~~a ~ &p~aTEpa TOU &VWTEpW AY)cp8EVTO<; (X X.ATC'. AE7tTOV v'fjfL(X fL~XOU<; 2-3 fLETPWV TC'pOaEOEVETO X(xTa TO EV axpov fLET(x~U OTC''fj<; TOU XEVTPOU X(X[ T'fj<; TC'(xP' (XUTO Orr'fj<;. "EaTW TWP(X OT~ ETC'pOXE~TO V&. aT(xA'?; ~ O~(xT(xY~ anOO"UlAaU Xe~flaTa. To EAEU8EpOV axpov TOU TC'P0a/kOEfLEVOU 0)<; avw V~fL(xTO<; TO «ObpOV», TO ETC'EpVOUa(Xv OY)A(xO~ o~a T'fj<; OTC''fj<; TOU (X, &xOAou6w<; o~a T'fj<; Orr'fj<; TOU TC', X(xTOmV TOU 0, ETC'E~T(x TOU a, X(xTomv TOU T XATC'. ("Av TUXOV fL[(X AE~~<; dXE OUO OfLO~(x ypafLfL(xT(x OTC'W<; TC'·X· «o"UfLfL(XXOO), TO V'fjfL(X O~~PXETO OUO cpopa<; TI)V OTC'~V TOU fL. T~v OEUTEP(xV cpopav EX T'fj<; OTC''fj<; fL E~EPXOfLEVOV X(X[ X(xAUTC'TOV T~V TC'EP~CPEPE~(xV, da~pXETo TC'aA~V d<; TI)v OTC'~V fL EX T'fj<; &vT~8ETOU Emcp(Xvd(X<; TOU o[axou). METa T~V O[OOOV TOU V~fL(xTO<; o~a T'fj<; &VTmTO[XOU orr'fj<; TOU TEAEUT(X[OU
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fL(xT(x Ta &VT~aTO~XOUVT(x Ek 2xaaTY)V E~OOOV TOU V~fL(xTO<; ((xUTy) 0)VOfLa~ETO «E~[sa~<;», EV 4) TO TC'Ep(XafL(X o~a T'fj<; OTC''fj<; WVOfLa~ETO «SVEpmq») ypacpwv (XuTa EX OE~~WV TC'po<; T&. &p~aTEpa. 'EVT(Xu6(X 6&. SYP(xCPE TC'.X.:
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.... 11,10,9,8 7,6,5,4,3,2,1
('H aE~pa yp(Xcp'fj<; TWV tp(XfLfLaTwv ay)fLEwuT(x~ o~a TWV x&.Tw6~ (XUTWV TE6E~fLEVWV &p~6fLWV ))110.
A ''I' " " ,
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P " BY" , 6 "
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110. -o». (cr1)fL 22), 9. Enlcr1)t; H. Diels, o,n: (cr1)(J.. 4), 73-74.
82
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25(O(p~()'EP&:). To o(A'P0(~YJ"x6 XpU1t,oypO('P~x6 ()U()'Y)[LO( ,ou A~ve:1O(, 1tEP~YPO('P~ ,ou 01tOLOU EXO(VE 0 Hermann Die1s xO(~ O(vO(1to(P~Yo(YE 0 Eu&:yy. ~'O([L&:'Y)C;. I1p6XE~'0(~ y~O( ,0( EU'PUEcr'rEPo( XpU1t,oypO('P~x&: ()U()~[LO('O( 1tOU E[L'Po(VL()'Y)Xo(V.
26 (3E~~&:). M6vo [LE'&: 0(1t6 1to(PEAEU()YJ 18 O(~wvwv E[L'Po(VL()'Y)XE ()'YJv Eupw1tYJ XPU1t,oypO('P~x6 ()U()TI][LO( 'Y)AEmxo~vwvLo(C; 1to(PE[L'PEPEC; [LE O(u,6 ,ou A~ve:1O(. I1p6XE~'0(~ y~O( ,OV XPU1t,OypO('P~x6 3L()XO ,ou Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), 1tOU E3~VE 'Y) 3uvO(,6,YJ'0( y~O( Cl.1tO(),oAy, [L'I]VU[L&:'WV [LE 1tOMOUC; 3~CI.'POPE"XOUC; XW3~XEC;. I1p6XE~'0(~ y~O( ~Eh~w[LEVO, XO(,&: 1tOA\;, ()U()''I][LO( 0(1t6 O(u,6 ,ou A~ve:1O(.
111. BA. D. Kahn, The Codebreakers, London 1976, 21-23.
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129. BA. Morelli Bibliotheca manuscripta, vol. A', 237, cod. CCCLXV. IIp6xElTOll '(lOl XW3lWX 7tOU XP"f)GW07tOWUGE 0 xOlp3lVtXAWe; B"f)GGOlpiwv TO 1436, OlVTA"f)(J.EVO 0l7t() XElp6,(pOlcpO ,(vWG,6 we; «Marcianus Graecus 365».
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133. Borje Knos, Codex graecus XV Upsaliensis. Akademische Abbandlung. Uppsala 1908. Almquist und Wiksells Buchdruckerei.
134. Neor; EAA'YjJlOW1}wwJI 9 (1912), 481-82.
135. T'Y)v TCA'Y)pOrpOp((X [Lou S~WcrE 0 0w[LeX.~ II(xTC(XMTCouAo~, ~~Eu8UV'1'~~ '!''Y)~ B~~AW8~x'l]~ MTCEVeX.X'Y), [LEAE'!''Y)'!'~~ '!'ou EP,,(OU '!'OU Asov'!'(X AAAeX.'!'WU, '!'ov OTCO(O x(X~ EUX(XP~cr'!'w.
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CiE ElalXO CPeXXEAO, [1.eXAAov axpY)Cil[1.0TCOlY)TO axo[1.Y)139.
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136. BA. 0WfLcXC; IIo(1tcx3oTIOUAoC;, «Accov AAAcX'nOC;», EYXUXA. Ildnvl..!or;-Aa(!ovr;- Mnl..!lrdvlxa, TOfL. 7,30-31.
137. «Kpumoyp()((.p~XcX», Nior; EAkYjvOflV~flWV, TOfL. 17 (1923),343-347, E3J> 345.
138. BA. TIpo(J6~x"I) 3~x~ TOU (JTO UTI' CXUTOV fLETCXr.pPCX(JfLSVO sPyo TOU E. 00fL~wvoC;, ](JTO(!la rrj; EAArJ'VlXr)r; xac AaTtVlxr)C: IlaAawYl..!acplar;, 157-158.
139. 0 r.pcXXEAOC; «KpUTITOYP()(r.p~XcX)) TIEP~SXE~ TIOAASC; TIA"I)pOr.p0plEC;, Ev3E~XT~XSC; TOU TIo(Jo (Jo~()(PcX cxVT~fLETJ>m~E T"I)V OAY) UTI06E(J"I) 0 2:TI. AcXfLTIpoC;.
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xo . IXVTWe; y~1X TYJV EPfLYJVE~1X TYJe; EmyplXcpYJe; Ey~VIXV IXpXETEe; IX7t07tE~pEe;' E~-
a~x~ fLEAhYJ SXE~ XeXVE~ 0 Gomperzl< XIX~ aXET~X~ IXVIXCPOpeX O~ Mentzl''? XIX~ Mitzschke148, 6fLWe; SXOUV 7tpOXUY;E~ 7tOAASe; auaxoA(Ee;. '07tWe; aYJfLW~VE~ 0 EueXYY. ~TlXfLeXTYJe;:
«KIXT' &.pxeXe; fLeXA~aTIX O[ da~xo( EupW7t1X10~ E:maT~fLOVEe; Mv dxov &.VT~AYJcp8Yj OT~ TO xdfLEVOV TYje; 7tAIXXOe; TYje; 'AXP07tOAEWe; ~TO xdfLEVOV aTEvoypIXCPYJfLSvOV. IIpwToe; &.VT~AYJcp8de; ToiJ-ro ~TO 0 E:V T0 IIlXvE7t~aTY). fL(<P TYje; B~svvYJe; xIX8YJYYJ~e; TWV &'PXIX(WV EAAYJV~XWV XIX( &'PXlXwAoyoe; Th. Gomberz,o o7t010e; E:aYJfLoa~EUaE auvlXcp'fj &'7tOXPU7tToYPeXcpYJmv TOU XE~fLSvou XIXTeX T6 1884 E:V B~svvYl' BPIX3UTEPOV, XIXTeX T6 1894,0 E:V B~svvYl E:7t~aYJe; xIX8YJYYJT~e; M. Giltbauer E:aYJfLoa~EuaEv ta~x~v TOU EPfLYJvdlXV TOU XE~fLsVOU TYje; 7tAIXX6e; a~eXcpopov TYje; EPfLYJvdlXe; TOU Gomberz. KIXTeX TeX E:7tIXXOAou81X sTY) 1895 XIX( 1896 o[ Gomberz XIX( Wesse1y E:aYJfLoa(EUalXv xo~v~v EPfLYJvdlXV TOU XE~fLSVOU TYje; 7tAIXXOe; a~eXcpopov TWV 7tpoYJyoufLSVWV))149.
0, , , " •• ' , ,
XIXAXEVTEpOe; IXUTOe; EpEUVYJTYJe;, aTOV 07tOW ToalX 7t01\/\1X xpwaTIXE~ YJ auy-
143. Apt6. II 5, 4321, Inschriften Fragmente. ~TOV 7tpOO"CPIXTO X.IXTtXAOYO EX<.t IXPi6fL"Y)O""Y) 2783
(O"<.A. 785).
144. EutXyy. ~TlXfLtXT"Y)C;, Iawl.2(a TWY E}')..'Y)Ylxtiw Ma()'Y)flaTlXWY, 5.
145. 'O,»: (O""Y)fL. 97), 301 X.lXt O""Y)fL. 3
146. Th. Gomberz, Uber ein bisher unbekanntes griechisches Schriftsystem aus der Mille des vier ten vorschristlichen Jahrhunderts, Wien 1884.
147. A. Mentz, Geschichte und Systeme der griech. Tachygraphie, Berlin 1907.
148. P. Mitzschke, «Eine griechische kurzschrift aus dem vierten Jahrhundert», EtC; Archiv fur Stenographie, IXp. 434.
149. 'O,n, (O""Y)fL. 144), 52-53.
T1IAEIlIKOlNQ7IIIE2: H2N APXAHlN EAAIIN£lN
99
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(JUVTofLoypCXtf!lcxe; SVTSA~C; o~CXtf!OpST~X~e; fLOptf!~e; CXTrO CXUT~V TrOU sfLtf!CXV1~s~ YJ TrAa:XCX TYJe; AXp0TrOAYJe;. 'OTrWe; (JYJfLs~~va 0 L:~ya:ACXe;, «T a: (JYJfLdcx T{;)V 0,)0 EX L1sAtf!{;)V TrPOSPXOfLEVWV EmypCXtf!{;)v TOU TEAOUe; TOU 40u CXl{;)VOe; ~ T{;)V apX{;)v TOU 30u, OEV dvcx~ TrpCXYfLCXT~X{;)e; TCXXUypCXtf!~xa: aAAa: (JUVTofLoypcxtf!~xa:,
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fLdou o~a: (Juvoucx(JfLoU E~' CXUT{;)V TrpOSA80VTOC;»152.
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ys~: « IIa:vTwe; EX TOUTWV (Juva:YOfLSV, OT~ ~ SAAYJV~X~ TcxxuypcxCPlcx dvcx~ TrCXACXWTEPCX T{;)V (JXST~X{;)V TrAYJpOCPOp~{;)v TOU <D~AO(JTpa:TOU (TrSp[ TO 220 fL.x.), TOU rCXAYJVOU (131-200 fL.X.) xcxl TOU (JW~OfLEVOU (JUfL~oACXlou TrSpl T1je; afLm~1je; o~OCX(JXa:AOU T~VOe; T1je; TCXXuypcxcplcxe; TOU STOUe; 155 fL.X.»153
o <D~AO(JTpCXTOe; (JTO BlO~ AnoAAwvlOV (1, 18) CXVCXCPEPS~ OT~ 0 ATrOAA~VWe; (JTO Tcx~lo~ TOU TrpOe; TYJV AVCXTOA~ dxs fLlX~l TOU 0,)0 IXXOAOu8oue;, ex TWV
, (" I , If\. I I I'" /
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TucxvEIX, TrOU IXV~XS~ (JTOV 10 fL.X. IX~. To [ow fLSTIXYSVE(JTSpOe; dvlX~ XIX~ 0 rIXAYJVOe;, TrOU xa:vs~ IXVIXtf!Opa: y~1X TYJV TIXxuYPIXCP11X (JS 0,)0 ~~~A11X TOU: IIEel
150. 'O;n, (cr'YJfL. 144).
151. Wilhelm Larfe1d, Griechische Epigraphik, Miinchen 1914, 282.
152. 'O.rc. (cr'YJfL. 97), 301.
153. Ero {CJlO, 301.
100
Gomperz 1884
X.D..AAZO~
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5 "rpILCX !JoEV 7tlpo<; Tt)v op61jv €xje:L XEPtX' 'TO
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oro 8 Ulcr"rEpolv Iluo' E7t «x-
10 pcxLI<; XEPCXLCXL<; OC!JoqlOI"rEpCXL<;, ""fi<; 0'pEl'ij<; oc",;loucr,"t]<;. TI"t]v ouv qlUlvl"t]v !JoEV IlLCXylpocqlELV ou IOEOV, "rWV la' OCqlWVUlV ~ 1!Jo€v
15 Eul(Mcx )«XL ~pCXIXEtCX rpcxl!Jo!Jo~
"rolu qlUlV~EV"rO<; Ixoc-
-rco !Jo€vl "rE6Etcrcx 8Ulvcx"rcxL iltA"rlcx,
20 e7tocVUlI aE "rcxu,
7tpo<; alE ora "rEAEU"ra vu !JoE"rEWplcx 8' enL ~v ocPx~v !Jo€v 7tlpOO""tJYlJ.EV"t] 7td,
7tpo<; aEl "rEt "rEAEUnt !Jou
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l7tpo<; 8E "rd "rEAEU"rd <¥Et.1
1884
(0 d~ 'to p.saov TOU o-reAEXOU<; Xd!JoEVO<; 7tACXYLUl<; xAocilo<; dVCXL 1. To mf!Jorcrov TWV CPWVl'jEV"C"WV O!JoUl<; Y, 7tZPL€xZL "rPZt<; !JoLXpoc<; ypcx!Jo!Jooc<; 7tAcxy[we., EV CJXsaEr. [-lE -r&c; xcx"rCXXOpuqlou<;' "ro 7tPW-rov "rWV !JoLXpwv qlUlV"t]EV"rWV SEXE't'~!. E1Cf:TtpOcrEl€-rUl<; !JoLCXV !JoLXPOCV ypcx!Jo!Jo~v, "ro azu"rzpov 8EXZ"rCXL auo, &.\10:. tJ-LCiV de; EXCJ.(J'TOV (Xxpov "rWV 8U0 crxzAWv ...
Giltbauer 1894
I~ !Jo€v OUV "rPLTt) "rwv qlUlvwv OLqlEloyycxl 7tIOLZt"rCXL TE(jaoc!pCJ., ~ou(J' €v )!J-ovov xEplcx<; '1' "r0 8E mf!Jo7t"t"ov 't'w; cpw,v1')!fv't"~v -r- , , "rpILCX !JoZV, 7tlp0"rzpov OZ Tt)v olpe~v ~xlov XEPCXLCXV
"rol 7tpw"ro Iv, "r0 8zu"rzpov 7tplocrACX!Jo~ocvov CXU"ra XEpcx<; {)Icrnpolv "r0 "rPL"rOV "rcxtl<; XZPCXLCXL<; OC!JoqlOI"rEpcxL<;1 -r'ij<; opO'ij<; OC7tIOXAt'10'1. TI~v ouv qlUlvl~v !Jo€v 8d ylPOCqlZLV OUI"rUl<;
"rwvl 8' OCqlWVUlV ~ 1!Jo€v zul6ztcx XCXL ~pcxlxztcx ypcxl!Jo!Jo~
"rolu qlUlV~ZV"rO<; lev !JoEcrOL !Jo€vl "rZOEtcrCX ilulvcx"rCXL 8EA"rlcx,
ocpxztl aE "rcxu,
7tpo<; 81E "rzt nAzU"rEt vu 7tACXYLlcx 8' e7tL ~v ocPX~v !JoEV 7tlpOO""tJYiJ.EV"t] 7ta, 7tpo<; 8EI "rEt nAzunt !JoU XCX"rOC 8E "rIo I!JoElcrov 7tpo<; !JoEV "r I~v OCPX~V 7tpocr"t]-
Y!Jo~lv"t] P'ij;cx, ,
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To "rPL"rOV "rwpcx "rWV qlUl-
I ''1''
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crcxpcx<; 8Lql60yyou<;, EV <p "ro 'LaWV ("ro qlUlv'ijzV) ~XZL !Joovov ~ XEPCX"rLOLOV' "ro 7tE!Jo rrrov "rWV qlUlV"t]EV'tuN TO Y, ¥:t,p. -rPLOC, ~TO!, ~!Jo7tpOcr6EV "r0 XCX"rCXXOpUqlOV "r0 7tPW"rOV, "r0 Oe:UTEPOV, E:V c{) oTC!.a6e:v -roth'ou OE:XE-rOCI. &)'AO, TO Tph·ov, E:V q) &'1t0t-LtlXPUVE-rOC!. TWV &MWV cuo ...
Gomperz 1895 (Z. 12 II) Wessely 1896 (Z. 2-12)
,/ ", I '
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"rpILCX !Jo€v 7tIEPL"r~'1 8E ~'1 olpe~'1 ~IZL, WO"7tZP XCXL
"rol 7tpw"rol'l ·A· ~'1 EUOEtCX'l' 7tplocrACX!JoI~oc'lEL 8' ex or' ocpLlcrnpolu XCXL 8E~LOU
"rcxtl<; XEPCXLCXL<; OC!JoqlOI"rEpcxL<;I, -r'ij<; op8'ij<; oc7tlou-
0""1]<;. TI~'1 OU'I qlUl'lI~'1 !Jo€v 8Et yIPOCqlEL'I OUI"rUl<;,
"rw'Il 8' OCqlW'IUl'l ~ 1!Jo€v EuI8acx )«XL ~pCXIXEtCX ypcxl!Jo!Jo~
"rolu qlUl'l~E'I"rO<; le7tL "rEt ocpXZt !JoE'I1 n6dcrcx ilulvcx"rCXL 8EA"rlcx,
!JoEcr"t] I aE "rCXU,
7tpo<; 81E ora "rEAEu"rd '1U' 7tAcxyllcx' 8' e7tL ~'1 OCPX~'1 !Jo€v 7t I POO""tJYiJ.E'I"t] 7tzt, 7tpo<; 8EI "rEt "rEAEUnt !JoU' XCX"rOC 8E "rIo !JoElcrov 7tpo<; !Joe'l "r1~'1 OCPX~'1 7tpocr"t]YlJ.EI'I"t] ~'ij"rCX.
1895 XCXL 1896
To 1 8€v UqlLcr"rCX"rCXL !JoE"rCX~OA~'1 "rL'ICX, /M"rL IiXEL [.10'.10'11 !J-LClV Xe:prt,Lct.V· TO 7te!Jo7t"rO'l "rW'I qlUl'l"t]E'I-rcov, "r0 Y, ~EL ~E~CXLCX "rpd<; XEPCXLCX<;, &Ma ~ XCXT~x6~ucpoc; Elv~!. :ce:p!.'t':
"t""t] -rocov 7tCXpCX oro 7tpUl"rOV qlUlv'ijE'I A, 07tOU cxu"t""t]
(~ XZpCXLCX) d'lCXL OPL~OV7Lct.· (JUVOEETClI. E:Xe:L OE~LOC XCXL ocpLcr"rEpa ...
OL Tpe:LC; 7tpoO'7tafbsc; omOXpU7tToypa<p'Y)O''Y)C; TOU Xe:L(.LE'IOU T'Y)C; 7tArXX(xC; T'Y)C; Axp67tOf;fJC; x(X't'a Gomperz, Giltbauer X(XL Gomperz-Wessely, X(xL 'Y) (.Le:'t'a<pp(XO''Y) 7tOU 7t(Xp(X6E't'e:L 0 Eu. ~'t'(X(.L&.-r'Y)C; (Iaroe{a rwv EAl'!VLXWV Ma()1JfWTtXWV).
THAEmKOINONIE~ TON APXAION EAAHNQN
101
a
31. L\uo 1tAcX,XE~ 1tOU ~pE8'YJxav ()TOU~ L\EACPOU~ am) ycX,AAOU~ apxa~oAoyou~, 1tcX,VUl ()T~~ o1tolE~ 1tap~()TcX,vovTa~ (.LOVO ()U(.LcpUlva. To ucpo~ T'YJ~ ()TEVOypacpla~ 1tOU U1tcX,PXE~ ()' aUTE~ dva~ aVTWETo (.LE auTO T'YJ~ Emypacp~~ T'YJ~ AXp01tOA'YJ~ xa~ 1tpO()~a~cX,~E~ 1tpO~ TO ()'YJ(.LEP~VO.
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102
x. ~. AAZOL
rwv U)LWV 13t{ULWV (I, 37) x(X~ [] eeL rov neOYLV(J)(J'){eLV neos EmY8vY}v (VIII 839). To 7tPW'O xdf.1.svo -ro» r(xA'YJVO\) (fleet rwv u'5{wv {3L{3ALWV) ° 0of.1.~wv ,0
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xdf.1.svo: «' H as 7tPw,'YJ tXv(Xf.1.cp~p~Cl"Oe; f.1.vd(X SAA'YJV~XYje; Cl',Evoyp(Xcpf(Xe; tX7t(xv,:,iX,(X~ EV xwpfq.> ,LVf ,OU r(XA'YJVOU, sv ({) yfvs,(X~ Myoe; 7tEpf tXV,~ypeXcpou YEV0f.1.SVOu
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tXpX(Xl(X odyf.1.(X'(x EAA'YJV~XYje; ,(Xxuyp(Xcpf(Xe;»154.
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154. '(Lei, (0''1) fL· 96), 152.
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Science Through the Golden Age of Greece, 455-456. E7dG'Yjc; Tusculum-Aehscov, 381-82, OTCOU xoc~ TCO),AEC; fLETOCtpp&.GE~C; EPYWV TOU GTY) 6.UG'YJ.
158. 2;~y&.AOCC;, 6.n. (G'YJfL. 97), 302. r~oc T'YJV ocv&'yvWG"i TOCX.UypOCtp~xwv XE~fLEVWV GE TCOCTC1JPOUC; o GUy'{pOCtpEOCC; TCOCpOCTCEfLTCE~ GTOC EPYOC TWV C, Wessely, Ein System altgriechischer Tachygraphie, Wien 1896 C~;~y&.A()((;, 301, GY)fL. 6) xoc~ A. Mentz, "Die hellenistische Tachygraphie», E~C; Archiv f Papyrusf.S (1927) 34-39 xoc~ 9 (1933) 64-73 (L:ly&'AOCC;, 302, G1J\IEX.E~OC T'YJC; G'lJfL. 6 T'YJC; GEA. 301).
159, 'O:». (G'YJfL. 96), 152.
160, L:TCup.A&'fLTCP0C;, «A~ OCVOCGxoctpoc[ TOU I1ocvocEl'Yj'l:x'Cxou L:TOCO{OU xoc~ 'YJ GT~A'YJ TOU opEloyp&.tpoun, Nior; E}JrI1'ofj,1J~!~(jJv 2 (1905), 257-276' E00l 261,
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THAEIIIKOINONIE~ TON APXAI!lN EAAHNON
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162. LTO lOW, 272.
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164. LW {ow, 274.
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