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ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΘΕΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ- ΠΑΤΑΚΗΣ

ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΘΕΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ- ΠΑΤΑΚΗΣ

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(laOKpoT." n&pi AVT!i50a&wc;, 152·153)

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(laoKpciTll, APX[i5oIl0C;, 11-13)

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2

KaL O~l'(ilt; j..t£ j..tEYaAllnQo8uj..tLo. OL mJj..tfLaXOL 00.£ EXOUV O'UfL~OUA£1JO£L JtW£ T,axo. JtQEn£L vc EYxmo.A£i;ljJ£"t£l t:I1 MWmlvll Xat v« xaVET£ LrJv £LQ-rlVll- EOEL£ 6(xaLa ELVaL 6uvatov vn ayavo.xt£Lt£ u' au"LO'll£ nOA'll ll£QtCm6t£Qo 1LaQa u' EX£LVOUt; 1LOU uno "LT]V aQX-rl unootat:l1aav cno LlJ O'Uj..tj..taxLo. [.ta£. nmL £XdVOL, aepo'll EyxmEAw.vav tYj 6tx-rl j..ta£ cptALa,2 xmEOtQE1jJav n<; 1LOAH£ rou; QLxvOV"ta£ n<; O£ Ej..tcpUALf£ 6LafLaXE£ XaL acpaYE£ XaL xaxa 1LOAL"tf'll[.tmo., EVW aUtoL EXOUV EQ8EL yta vo fLa£ ~Aa1jJouV" ytULL JtQoona8o'llv vc !!at; 1LEloouv va arraQvYj80'llj..tE !!Eao. OE /..Lyo XQOVLXO 6tCtoLlJ!!a am'll rn 60- ~a rtou j..tat; xAYjQoMLrJaav OL nQoyovoL [la£, aepo'll rnv anEx"tYjoav ue nOAAO'll£ xtvMvout; O£ 6taaTlwa £CPT,UXOOLWV ftoW· arr' au~ no"tE 610 80. unooouocv va ~Qouv ruo o.vaQ!!ooT,Y] YLa LrJ LnaQtYj OU!!cpoQa oute JtLO CPO~EQ-rl3. Axo!!Yj EXOUV cp"tao£l 0' auto to ~o.8j..to 1LA£OV£~Lo.<; XaL [.ta£ EXOUV 8EWQ-rlaH rooo 1LoM avo.v6Qou£, WaT,E vOf.l,L~ouy 1LW£ 6EY JtQEn£L va xLv6uvE'llOUfLE YLa LrJ Meoonvn, o» XaL 1LOME£ CPOQE£ a~LWao.v £!!El£ va nOAE!!Ct[l£ YLo. TIl XWQo. roix.

1. aq>&VTaC;, anooTaOlv, tIJIJaAOVT&C:;: No aVTlKOTamo90uv KOl va KAl90uv orov rurto nou ~plOKOVTQl KOl orouc QUO apL9jlou~.

2. npo9UlJwe;, ~IKaiwC;, KaKWC;: Na vpcoouv Ol oVTLmOLXOl TunOL KOI UTOu~ 6Mou~ ~o8jlou~.

1. H avo<jJ0plKl'j aVTwvuI110 OC;, il, 0, OTOV ~ploKeTOl OTTlv apm m:plo50u rl Iljllm:pL6oou KOL ovotpspsrca UTa nponvoouevo, LOOOUVOjleL ue Tf] OeLKTLKrl OUTOe;, oem , TOUTO KOL Ton: oev eLoayel avmpOplKrl npOTOGr]. nX Ole; UJ1cfe; OIKO{We; QV Opyi(Ol08c ... : 11 avacpoplKrl ovrcovupto ole; ~pioKeTOl OTTlV opm nepL650u KOl cvccepsrm UTO rtponvouuevo (01 OUJ1J10XOI)· exeL 0- rtoicmcsr a~io 5eIKTLKrlC; OVTWVUIlLOC; KOl eow eloayel KUPLO npOTOO'1. To 1010 Loxuel xor ue TO WVTOU rrcpoxcno crtooncouoroc: «EyciJ yap, W BouAr7, rmvroc 01J101 TOUe; eXOVTaC; rt OUOTUxr7J10 (weiv onax; we; QAunomm J1ZTQxelpiOUVTOl TO OUJ1f3e{3'1KOe; naeoc. 'Qv de; syw, ... S~T)Upov ... »

2. To PrlllOTO a~IW, i50KW, VOIJI~W, OiOI-lOl, IP'11-11 OUvrl8wC; eAKouv rqv oovn- 0'1 nou xovovuco OvrlKel UTO crtcpeprpcro nou E~apTWVTQl an' cure. nX:

OUK OioVTOl ociv KlvOUV6ueIV = O[OVTOt au OZ[V KlvOuveuelV. OUK SOOKer aacpoM:c; elvcu = sooKel OUK aO(paAse; elvai.

1. Korc Ms~: aqlOu eY0aTQAe[4JeTe ... Anoi5';'aolle TIl xpov •• ~ ~. uc pquo KO! oe napOToK1".~ oUvoe"'llJ€ TO TTo.~uaailal (iJE:TacrracrrlJ.

2. AM.,;,,;: oeou snmpov va eivm <pLAOl ucc.

3. i5~A. ~ eYKOTQi..e'4J'l I ~ crrtp~"'l TIl~ norpovovuc-c 06~QC; eo eivO! n rno QvapllOOTIl om <pollep~ ouu<popa.

9

KEIMENO

1:HMEIA KAEldlA

• auvrji5glV ... iE;eMy· E;Q~

• Oauuaoio»; ex;

• sKQa8' ... QUrwv

• i:Arrii5ac; exw .. U!1dC; ... vvtooeoecu

• !11)i5cv r7TTOV". nov npotepov olKQmiv· TWV

o ,c"llIIoaetvll'> UITf:paan'~eTal KonOIOV (TO <!lava) nou KQTllyop.,ell- '1

K& ylC lJ.!&u(50lJapTupia. "'~

El Il~ llQ6-tEQOV uor bi,'Krl~ y£vO!-lEvll'; llQOt; "Acpo~ov, w avcQ£s" 6LxaCl1:ai., O'UVnC£LV JtoU0 toirtcov 1l£L~W xaL bElVa-tEQ' airwu ipeuOallEVOlJ QQ-6LWt; E~£AEy~at; bta nlV n£QLcpuV£tav 'twv o.6lX'rnlUTWV, SalJ!-laoi,wS" frv wS" r]1JAa~OUWlv !-l~ xaL virv OU ClJV118w 6£i~m, rrfj naQaxgoU£1:aL rtofl' [xaoS' vilaS" aim:i)v. Nuv 6£, mJV 8£Oi,; dm:iv, aVJt£Q 'LOOL xed, xorvoi YEvllo8' ~IlWV o.xgomal, JtoAAar; EAnLbar; iiXW !ll1bEV ~nov vllar; T~V o.vaU5£tav nlv TOUTOlJ yvwo£08m trov Jtgot£Qov 6 LxaOUvtwv. Kat Lam' el !--lEv Eb£ito A6yo'U tLVOr; ~ llOLXLALat;, iiywy£ xcuoxvouv frv T~V E!lautOU xma!--l£!--lcp0!--l£VOr; ~Alxi.aV" vUV 6' MAWS" 6£L 6L6u~m xoi oLllytl0aoSm Ta tOUt(9 n£JtgaY!--lEva Jt£gL ~!--lwv' EX 6E rootcov OL!--lm llamV UI-llv djyvwo'tov iio£08m, JtOT£gOS" noS' ~!-lwv fOS' 6 rtovn gOt;.

(luwooBtVI], npOI; 'Afjlo!3ov, 1)

rAWaalKG auvOICio (+ KOTl?yoprll.1aT. !.1T)(.) := yvwp(~w KaA6. on ... t~EIltVXW := Kavw 8- }.£YXo, anooElKvUW 8VOXO. nEpupovEIO := nArlPI1C: YVWOT] , aaCPrlvEla I r] ttep» qJOVBlQ TWV OQCK'7!.1Orwv = ro oxorpcvepn aOlKrlflOTa, 8oujJoaiwc; we; := EE;Qlcenxo, um:pf:\oAlKa. nopOKpOUOI-I01 := EE;anmw, nooonxovo. ouv 8eoie; sinslv := Yla va rue I1E TTl f:\0rl8ela TWV 8ewv. Koi TaIJT' = 11000lOTa. KOTOKVSW, -w = olOla~w. KOTOjJSI-HPOjJOI = «crnvopto.

:luVTaKTIKG Ei jJl'J". auvnCielv - av l1uAol3oujJl1v: f.lll rtpovuoruco. VEVOjJSVI1e; (= ette! tytv£TO): yev. nrtoxum, XPOVLKrl f.lTX· noMti,I: OOT. tau uerpou rl ITJC: OlOCPOpac; (rtooou). TOIJTWV: vs», aUYKplTLKI'j ana ta !.1ei(w, &IVOTepa, TO anoia eiVOl oucrorxo aVTlK. TaU I/JWOO!.1£VOU. ljJeuaojJsvou (= e! «ai tI/JBUOOTO): yEV. ortoxurn, svovruoucrnxn f.lTX. flE unox. TO aumu (= TOU 'AqJo{3ou). s~eAty~oe;: KUITJYOpTlI1Gl. flTX· ana TO ouvfJ&CV. I-II'J ... liei~ol: OWt. EVOOlaOllKrl rtpor., uvnk. 010 av I?UAa{3oUwJV. &i~OI:TEA. ortcoeuc., aVlLK. TaU QUVT?BW. nn rropnxpouerm ... OIJTWV: oeUT. nMYla epormucr. rtpor., aVTLKEll1. 010 &f· ':;01. ujJae;: aVTlK. TOU rtapospoustcu. OIJTWV: yev. O!atpet. orto ro sKOoB'. (ouv BeofC;) eineiv: cnoxuro ortcoeue. ~jJwv: YEV. avnK!Krl 010 OKPOOTOi, TO 0- rtoio sivca KOTI]YOPOUI-I. 010 ev». u!.1BiC;. ujJae;: urtox. TaU vvdxreoiuu, to onoio ortorsxst aUl-lnAl'jpwf.la TaU tArr{oac; txw. 6vnep YSVI1a8E - (£ATTiQoC; txw) yvwaea801 (= yvwoeoB<;): npOaOOKWf.levo. TWV CiIKoaoVTwv: yev. ouvxprnKrl ana to r7TTOV. AOyou, nOIKIAioe;: ovruc. 010 t&fTO. Ei sCieiTo - KOTWKVOUV Civ: 1111 noovucnso. KOTojJejJ<p0jJevoe;: ornoxov. flTX. Cillio~OI, liII1V~cccscr: TeA. ortopeuo., uno«. TOU ortooc. 15<;(. norspoc ... 6 novnpoc: OEUT. nAaYla epcrrnuor. rtpor., unoxetu. 010 diyvwOTOv eaeoecu, to anoia eivor aVTLK. rou Oi/JOI. I'JjJWV: vt». OlOlpET. ana TO notepoc. 6 novnpoc; KGTI]yOpouu. OlO notepoc.

10

META4'PAXH

, 0 lI'lIlOoetV11<; etvoi !3E:!30l0<; on ea ortood~el 6Tl 0 AqJOi3oc; npooncaei va napanil.avrloel

'TL nepLllevel one TOUe; OLKaOTee; xut 11£ nom noounoee- 0'1

-Tto T'lV an60ELS'l TIle; £voxnc; TOU A<jlo!3ou oe; XP£LD.~OVTQL Euyil.wTia KOl nOV11PlCt· 01 npD.~E:LC; TOU Kat 1l0VO npxouv

Al:KOYMAI

01 TTpa~&IC; anoKall1JmOUV TO nOIOv TOU avBpWTTOU.

3

Errv, X:UQLOL 6LXaO"[EI,;, UO"[EQa coro t11 6bt11 fLOU svcvriov 1:OU ACPO~ou nou EyLVE JtQ(l)"[1)"[EQa, 6E YVWQL~a xa:A.a on, fLOAOVOtl. amol,; ElJtE nOAu mo fLEYUAa xrn mo CPO~EQU 1.(JEfLatu uno to "[CDQLVU, EUXOAU ·tOV anE6EL~u EVOXO MyW"[CDV oAocpuvEQCDv u6Lx11fLa"[CDV "[OU, Bo iJfLoUV E~mQE"[LXa nQooEX'tLXOI,; fLiJnCDI,; xat tWQa 6EV f!JLOQEOCD va an06Ei.~w fLE noio 'tQono "[ElcOI,; nuvtwv ErtLXHQEL va aul,; naQanAaviJOEl OXE'tLXU fLE to xa8Evu an' mrtn. TWQa 0WDS;, fLE t11 ~oiJ- 8ELa "[CDV 8EWV, UV ~E~atU yiVELE 6LxmOL xm UfLEQoA11mm aXQoa'tEl,; fLal,;, EXCD nOAA.E1,; EAnL6EI,; on WEL£ 8a avtLA11cp8ELtE t11V ovct- 6ELa LOU E~LOOU fLE amoul,; rtou 6Lxaoav (tou; 6LXaOLEI,;) JtQo11YoufLEVCDI,;. MUALOLa, eov [11 an06EL~11 't111,; EVOXiJ£ 1:Ou] XQELa~otav onou6aLa EUyAWLtLU iJ JtOV11QLU, EYW'touAUXLa1:OV 8a 6Lata~u xut11yoQWvtUI,; t11 [VEaQitl 11Alx(,a ~lOU· tWQa OIlCDI,; un:A.a nQEnEL va aul,; 6LmpCDtLOCD xru vc or«; 6l11Y118w EXELVU nou au'tol,; EXEL XUVEL 0' EfLUI,;' uno UUtu VOf!i~CD on OAOL WELS; EUXOAU eu avtLA11CP8ELLE nOlOI,; coto tOUI,; 6uo fLal,; 'tEAOI,; nrrvtorv Eivm 0 xaXOI,;.

1. liiKI1C;, noMqJ, ourou, 1514] T!')V n&pllpaV&IOV, 1001: No XOPOKTllPlOTOUV ouVTOKTIKO 01 A.eE;£l(:~.

2. ouvni5&IV, &i5&iTO: No MleOUV ornv OpIOTIKTl TOU tOIOU xpovou KQl OT'lV npOOTOKTIKrl £V£OTWTO.

3. ievouc; opcevucou elvcn TO: 0) TOUTWV

~) atirwv

y) TOUT4J

5) routtov

B6A.£ oe KUMO TTl OWmTl ortovmon.

EMnE.4nNn EKtpopa TOU nOll1T1KOU crnou

To nOll1TIKO OtTIO £K<pepeTOI: a) 1-1& anA~ i50TIK~, OTOV eE;OpTOTQl orto:

0) nOeWIKO Prll-lO OUVT£AIKOU xpovou (ncpcxelu., un£pOUVTf:A., ouvrex, j.lf:M.). nx Ta Toun" nerrpovpevo.

~) P'lI-iOTIKO eni8£To oe -T£OC;. nx ~lol3aT£oc; &oTiv ~I-liv 0 rrOTOJ.1oc;. y) Pl1l-1OTIKO enie£TO os -TOC;. nx rrdorv Uiliv &UYVWOTOV tOTI.

13) &IJTTpo9&TO, ue TIC; np08f:ow; orro, uno, &K,

npoc, napa + yevlKrl· nx 0) ·HvoYKOaJ.1Ql Aa{3t:iv TO oli50J.1E:VOV im,;, T;;C; 1ToA£wC;.

J)) npOC; 1Tavrwv KaJtOc; KoyaeoC; 6V0J.10(t:TOI.

y) ErrpoXeT] ouotv alTo TWV Tupavvwv epvov a';loAoyov.

11

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KIIEIIIIA

• rrOll7Ual (UrIOK.) ... ouo6.Aw<; tariv TOU ",eoue;

• tv TI ol€{€A8wv

• TWV Iltv ... KeAcu6vTWV

• rou<; Soveurauevouc; = roue t{ turtsox;

• rwv ot ... urr6.p{OI ... 6.{IOUVTWV

• totrto (rtpdrrov} = KDlvrJ OlaAUOOl TO xpr/para

AIjIOPIlIl Yla TO AOyo 01 OIKOVOIlIK&t; lIuO)(epEIEC; TT]C; A9Jivac; (355/4 rr.X.).

"On '[OlVUV ou6' EOLlV OAOJs, OJ o.v6PEs 'A8TlvuiOL, LaD ~Sous wu UIlETEPOU X1JPtOv nOlT]Oat totoirrov vouov, xui. rofrro nElQuoOllat 6Ei~m 6la ~QUXEOJV, £V LL trov nQ0-tEQoV nEnQuYIlEVOJV Lfl nOAEl 6lE~EA8wv. AEyoV"tm XQ~llu8' ol "tQLCtXOV"tU 6UVELOUOSat naQa AaxE6mllOVlOJV tnt "to-us EV TIElQatEl. 'EnEl6T] 6' T] nOAlS ds £V ~AElE xaL Ta JtQuYllma tXEiva xmEO"tT], nQEo~Hs JtEfLljJaVLEs oi AaXE- 6mfLOVtOL '[a XQy]lla"tU mi"iL' aJtll"touv. AoyOJv 6£ YLYVOfLEVOJV, xa\. trirv fLEV'[OUs 6avElOallEVOus Ctn060tivm XEAEUOVL(J)V, LaUs E~ o.O'[EOJ<;:, tdrv 6E ,[ouw nQWLov imuQ~at LT]£ ouovoicc; OT]IlELOV a~tOuvT(J)V, XOlvfl 6laAuom '[a XQy]llma, cpaoL TOV 6T]IlOV EAEoElm cruVELOEVEYXELV cnrtov xai. IlELaOXEiv '[T]£ 6anuVll£, WOtE 1lT] Mom Trov 00- 1l0AoYllfLEVOJV fLTlMv.

(.A~"QOe£v'1, npQ~ I\£nriv~v, 11-12)

rAWaalKG KUPIOV none TOV VOI-IOV = enLKUpWVW TO VO[.lO. i51£~&PXOI-iOi = iSl11YOU[.lOl ue AemO[.lE:pele<;. I') n6AI<; ei<; &V ~Age = 11 nOAll ouvevw811KE, 01 noxrrsc uovoinoov. TO TlPclYI-iOTO KOT&OTI') = 11 KUTOaTOOll11pell11ae, ollMononiBllKe. Myol YIYVOVTOI = iSLEE;oYOVTOl au~IlTiJO£L(;. i5loAuw TO XP~I-IOTO = eE;O<pAw TO xpe- 0<;. Auw Ta wl-l0Aoyrw&vo = a8eTw TLC; au [.l<pwvle<;.

J:UVTGKTIKG OTl •.. vopov: eLi5lKi) noor., aVTLK. UTa oei~al. TOU ft90u<;: yev. KOTIlYOP11IlOT.

KTllTlKi). Ul-l0<;: eev. urtox. TOU noo'jaal, TO anoia sivrn urtox, TOU eattv (npoaWnLKll aUvTOE;l1· ~A. eVOT!lTo EMnE1l.0ND, aeA. 13). vouov; OVTlK. TOU nod']otu. KUPIOV: KUTllYOPOU[.l. aTO VO/Jov. rouro: eueoruco ovnxsui. aTO Ot;[~Ql, TO ortoio etvcn TeA. ortcpepo., aVTLK. mo napaoouai: TWV n£TlpoYIJ&VWv: ve«. iSlmper. ana TO ev TI. Tn noAEI: nOlllTLKO aiTLO (ce i50TLKi), eneliSrl TO ttettoav/Jevwv elvoi os ouvrsxuco xpovo). i51&~EA9wv (= erTav i5le~£Aew): XPOVLKrlllTX· OUVflf.lI-l. (rtporepojpovo oro [.ltMov). oi TPlclKOVTO: urtox, TOU A£yOVTQI KOl TOU Saveioooecu (tuurortpootortln). XP~IJOTO: aVTlK. aTO oaveioaa8Q1, TO 0- nolo eiVQI eli5. cncpeue., aVTLK. aTO A£yovml. rtopn AOKEi5011-l0VIWV: eunpoa. rtpocorop. nou 0IlAwvel npoexeuon. tTl! TOUt; tv nElpOIEi: el-lnpo8. rtpoootop. TaU oxonou. 'EnEIi5I') ... ~A9£ / KO! ... KOT&OT'l: (iSuo) i5EUT. XPOVIKt<; rtpor. TO npaYlloTo: urtoxelu. TOU KOTeaT17 (aTTlKi) aUvTOE;Il). TlEllljloVT&<; (= ette! ene/-ll/Jov): XPOVlKrl f.lTX· aUVflI-lf.l. (rtporepoypovo aTO nape~86v). YIYVOIJ&VWV, K£A&uOVTWV, O~IOUVTwV (= £v cjJ ey[yvovTO, eK£AEuov, r']~[ouv): ve«. orrox., XPOVIKE:<; 1lTX. AOywv, TWV I-IEV, TWV i5E: urtox. TWV rtponvouuevev I-1TX. aVTIcrorxo. onoi5ouV01: TEA. cncpeuo., aVTLK. aTO KeAeuovrwv. TOU<; t~ ClorEWt;: eneE;i)YllOll mo TOUr; oaVE:laa/Jevour;. TOUTO: urtox. aTO Unap~OI, TO 0- nolo elvm TEA. ortcpeue., aVTIK. mo ci~IOUVTWV. OI')I-IEIOV: KUTllYOPOUI-1. ere TOUTO. i510Auool: £ne~fJYllOll mo TOUTO. OUVEIOEV£YK£iv - IJ£Toaxeiv: TeA. artupeuo., aVTlK. mo tA£aeOI, TO onoio eLVQl eliS. oncpeutp., aVTLK. aTO qaoi. Tr)<; i5onOVI')t;: aVTlK. cro uetaoyeiv.

12

MET.ACbPAI:H

• 0 P1lTOpOe; npOOTIOeei vo onOTpeljJf:L rnv enLKUpWOTj TaU V0I-lOU TaU J\£TITiVT]

• To emxeiprwo TaU - To COVELO TWV TPLaKOVTO

- 01 CLOnpOYl-lmeuoeLe; yLO TIlV £1;0- (!J1\T]oT] TaU

- H cnooccn TaU l\ooLl KOI TO OKE> TITIKO TIle;

EPMHNEYTI.KA

AI.KOYMAI

EMnEMlNn

.It npwTTJ Iloipa 'l TIIlIl Tl]t; noAI]e; Kal 0XI TO UAIKO O"UIlIflEpOV.

'On OEV ELVaL xa66A.ou LOW 'WU xaQax1l']Qa OUl;, UvtQEi,"; A611- vntoi, va fmxuQwoETE EvalETOLo Val-to, XaL mrto 8a nQoana8r,ow va OUl; anooffi;w ue Aiya MYLa, acpau oas OLllY1l8w Eva ana autu rtcu Exauv nQax6EL ana Ll]V nOA11 01::0 naQEA80v. AEyE'taL OLL ot TQluxovra (WQavvOL) CiaVEiDLl]xav XQr,!-1aw ana 'LOUi,"; AaXEbaLj.toVLOU~ yta va O'tQacpouv EVaV1:LOV ttov Cill!-10XQatLXwv. 'Orov O!-1W~ OL nOAltE£ OU!-1cplAlw811xav XaL XElVl111 XatumaGll 0!-1aAonOLr,811xE, OL AaXEbaL!-10VLOL, acpou EOLElAav nQEO~El~, ~TjtOUoav La XQr,!-1aw. Evw Aomov YLVOvtaV btanQaWtmfUOEL£ XaL uAAOL rtporervuv va l:a £l1WtQE1.jJouv rnrtoi rtou La. bavrLoLl]xav, bTjA. OL oAlyaQXlxoL, EVW uAAm nQo~aMav Ll]v a~iwGll mrto va un6.Q~El 10 nQw'W OYJ!-16.bL 'tTjs OU!-1CPLALWGIl';, va E~OCPAr,oouv Ol1Aaor, ana XOLVOU 'LO XQEOs, AtVE OtL a Aaos nQOLiW10E va cruVELOCPEQEL XL amos XaL va A6.~EL !-1EQO'; aLl] banuvll, oxrre va j.tllV a8E1l']oEL xawu ana tLs OUj.tCPWVLE';.

TOIOUTOV VOIJOv: 0 I\EmlVlle; rtporewe ue vouo TT]V KOTapy'lOT) TWV aTeAsIWV nou onOAafl~OVOV 01 EUEpyi:TEe; Tf]e; nOA'le; TWV AB'lvwv. 'Ortox; colvercn nrto TO xeiuevo, um'lp~ov 8VTOVEe; OVTlOp60Ele;. Oi tv n&lpOl£l = or O'lflOKpOnKOL. Oi t~ aOT£we:; = Ol OAlYOPXlKOI.

1. lila I3pax&wv, tni TOUe; tv n£lpal&l, np&oj3&Ie;, TOUe; liav&loal-l&voue:;, Tile:; olJovoiae:;, rwv wlJoAoyI'W&vwv: No oVOYVWPlOTOUV OUVTaKTlKa.

2. i51£~&A9WV, l<aT&OTl'l, n&npaYIJ&vwv, <'JTToliouvaJ, wlJoAoYIlIJ&VWV: No KAlBouv crmv npOOlOKT'KT] TOU LO'ou xpOVOU Kat Tf]e; io,ae; cpwvf]e;.

1. To avapBpo cnOp&IJIpCTO (EOW: nOll7om) urtopst va XPllOlflOnOl'lBel we; LlnOKElf,lEVO rtpooumucou PT]f,lOTOC;, «upkoc TaU eoti. flO va aUfl~e:i OflWe; OUT6, nperter va unapXEl UTI'] opnon KaTrlYOpOUflEVO (EOW: TOU r')eour:; = Y8- VlKTJ KOT'lYOP'lf,lOTlKT] KTf]TlKT]).

2. Oi aUl-ln&paOI-lOTlK&e; anap&l-IlpanKte; npOTCa&le; Oi:XOVTOl opvnon /Jf) KOl °llAWVOUV:

o) anoT&A£aj.lc (= cocrs va ... )' n.x.: Kupo«; rrovrcc OUTW OtQTteeir:; aneneunE:V, WCTTE aUTlj) /-ldMov cpil\our:; slvtu fi (3aorAt;[ / ... «ai ueraoyctv n'jr:; oanavr]r:;, WCTTE 11" AiiCTOI nov w/JoAoYTJ/-levwv WIOf;V.

~) OKono (= vto va ... )' rt.x.: xprj nov noieiv. WCTTf; apemc «oi ippovnoeax; PE:TOC1)(Eiv.

y) opo, npoun09£OIl, aUlJlpwvia (= W:. TOV 6po, ue Tf]V npOUnOBEOT), I-lE TI'] ouuqxovlo) n.x-: Enovtxu; enOtl70aVTD npoc "A Brwaiour:;, WOTE TOUr:; au· TOUr:; t;xBpouC; «ai gJMOUr:; vopf(E:lv.

• ElvOl OUVOTOV va aUVOOEUOVTaL orto TO OUVllT'K6 avo n.x.: OUTWC; em']w]· vav, tbore xoi iOlwrr/V av yvwvO/.

13

KEIMENO

:EHMEIA KJ\EIl>IA

• TOU oIKaiou ... noouovioiteoov

• opw ... KE:I)Ji:voUe; .

ipl.Aorl)Jouj1i:voue; .

anouoa(ouaae; .

• {opw} TOUe; nose- . )Joue; ... E:iAF)iporae; TO resoc; rov f3iov ... arroMu)JE:vov ... 04J(o)JE:VOV

• TOUe; ... I1cMovme; KIVOUVE:UE:IV

A6yo~ KaTa TWV I1Y&1l0VIKWV Taa&WV TWV 911pafwv (362 TT.X.).

5

'Eyw bE. m:Ql !lEV -cwv aMOOv O!-lOAoyw -COll1::oL<;, onoo<; ()E XQl] -coD OtX,aLou nOL£i:08aLtl JtQouQYLaL-CEQov, ouod<; av IlE AEywv rtsloetEV. 'Ogoo yaQ xal LOU<; vouoix; EVExa -COUtOU XELIlEVOU<; xal tou<; avoga<; tau<; xaAou<; xuya80u<; Ent taU'LCj.) qJLAOtL!lO'UIlEVOU<; xal La<; dl JtOALtE'UO!-lEva<; nOAEL<; nEQi routou !-lCtALaW onouoa~ouou<;. "En 6£ rou; nOAE!lOu<; rou; nQoYEYEV1WEVOU<; ou xma La,; O'UVCt!lEL<; UAAa Xuta to OLxmov 'LO 'LEAO<; cuwvm<; ElAY]qJ6ta<;, OAoo<; ()E 'LOV ~lOV TOV 'LWV uv8g(i)Jtoov OLa !-lEV xaxiav arrOAAU!-lEVOV, OL' Ct.QELT]V OE oCj.)~o!-l,EVOV, WO'L' oux u8u!lElV (~ki. TOU<; unEQ twv OLXULOOV XLV()UVEUELV [lEMOV-Ca.:; aAAa nOAu IlUAAOV tau,; uf3gt~oVLa<; xui TO'O<; 'La<; EUWxtu<; Ill] !-lETgLoo<; qJEQELV EJtLo'tU!-lEvou<;.

(laOKpaT"" APXfOOIlO<;, 35-36)

rAWO'O'IKG OIJOAoyw (nvi) ; crUI_II:PWVW Ile KanOlOV. rrpoupyloiTEpOt;, -0, -OV ; Wtpe;>"luotspoc, XPIlOlIlOTepOe; / npoupvtoirepov ttoiouuai TI ; 8ewpw «m onouOQLon:po, OllIlOVTlKOTepo. tpIAOTIIJ£OIlOl, -OUIIOI ; 0lltAAWIlOl, cruvoYwvi~oucn, rroAITEUOlJal (no8IlT.) ; Kul3epW:1l0l. arroui5al;w = tppoVTi~w, emOIWKW. aeUIJ£W, -W = elurn ;>"unIlIlEVOe;, OIOKOTEXOIlOl ono cnovorrrsuon. lJeTpiwe; IPEPW = dlJOl lleTplona8l']e;, TIlPW TO IlETpO.

EUVTaKTIKG nepi TWV aAAwv: eurtoos. rtpoootoo. TIle; ovccopoc. TOUTOIe;: aVTIK. TaU 0J.10- AoyW. orrwe;-.- rrpoupvrofrepov: 11 elolKl'] npor, (Ile <':!Mil anOljJll nMYlo E:PWTIlIlOT.) slvcn aVTIK. TOU QV tteioeiev Kal TaU Aiywv (Ol E:IOlKEe; rtpor., no;>..u ortoVia, eiouvovrm ue TO orrw<;,). TOU i5IKOIOU: yE:V. crUYKPlTlKl'] ana TO rtpoupvtaiteoov, TO ortolo elvoi KOTTWOPOUIl. (}TO Ti. J.tywv: rpornxf 1lT)(. (11 OUVIlT. euKTIKl'] QV tteioeuv !Jae; erurpenei va owcroulle ern IJTX. Kat Un08eTlKl'] onpooia: e! Myo( - tteioeiev av [anAl'] aKEljJll]). K&IIJ&VOUc; (= on K£[VTm), IPIAoTl~ouIJEVOUe; (; on q)LAOnJ.10UvTOI), arroui5al;ouoae; (= on arrout5Q(ouOI): KOT1lYoPllllm. 1lT)(. ana TO opW. TOUe; VOIJOue;. TOUe; clv6poe;, TO~ rroAE:Ie;: aVTlK. TOU opw KOl urtox. TWV KOTllyoPIlIlOT. IJTX. nou e~apTlOVTOl an' OlITo. em TOUTl!>: surtpoe. rtpocoiop. TaU oxonou. TOe; E:ll rrOAITE:UOIJEVOe; noAEIe; ; nJ<;' noAEIC; at eu nosireuovrai. &iAI1<POTae; (= on £iAr'icpaOl), arroAAu~&vov (= on anoAAUTOl) , 041l;OIJ&VOV (; on a0(£TQl): KOTilVOPIlI-lOT. IlTX. cno TO ew. oo». TOUe; nOAEIJOUe;, TOV j3.fov: aVTlK. TOU ew. opw KQL unox. TWV KOTIlYOPIlIlOT. IJTX. KOTO TOe; 6UVOIJ&Ie;, KaTO TO 6iKalov: ellnpo8. rtcoooroo, nou 0IlAWVOUV ouuqxovio. TO TEAOe;: aVTIK. OTO eiAr'/qJom<;,. i510 KOKIOV: ellnpo8. npoooiop. Tile; nrrlnc, a8UIJ&lv: urto«. TOU ortpoo. oe[_ untp TWV i5IKOIWV: &llnpo8. npoootop. TOU oxonou. TOUe; IJEAAOVTae; (= TOrJrOU<;' oj' av J-IeMwOl), TOUe; u(3pi~OVToe; (= TOUTOUC; or QV U/3pi(WOl), TOUe; IJI'J eTTlOTOIJ&VOUe; (; TOUrOU<;' at av J.1rj eniOTWVTaI): 01 ovoeoo-urtoaer. IJTX. elver urtox. TOU aBuJ.1elv· Exouvan6000ll TO aUK aBUJ.1£lV i5£f: npoaOOKWIl&VO). KIV6UV&U&IV: T&A. ortcoeue., aVTIK. (}TO TOU<;' J.1i:MOVTQ<;'. CP&PEIV: TEA. oncpeue., aVTIK. (}TO TOUe:; I-lrj emOTQJ.1i:voU<;'.

14

METACI)PA1:H

• To i5iKOIO €(VOl TO rno OTJIJOVTIKO on' oAO

• T8KIJTlplwOll TTlC: rtnponovwetOlle;:

01 VOIJOl .. ,

Ol o.v8pwnol. ..

01 nOA€Ie; .

01 nOAeIJOI .

Tl ~wTi TWV ovepw· nwv ...

• LUllm':pocrllo: nosrtst va O'Tevoxw· pouvroi 01 ...

To liiKClO 9ploll13cuci novrou,

5

Eyw O[lW£, 600v acpoga TL£ aME£ UJt08EOEL£, OU[lCPWVW [l' au'WU£, O[lW£ XaVEL£ OE 8a unooouoe vo ue JtELoEL [lE La AOYLa tou JtW£ JtQEJtEl va 8EWQOU[lE xrrn ano mo O11I.t.aVtLXo cnoto 6i.xmo. Tum ~AEJtW Jtw£ xm OL VO[lOt 8EaJti.~ovtm yta XaQ'Y] autou (ron C>Lxciou) xm oi av8QwJtOt OL xaAoL xm EVclQELOt yt' auto (to Olxm- 0) U[lLAAWvtm xm oi JtOAEL£ rtou XU~E(?VLouvtm xUAa yt' cnrro rtpoJtavto£ CPQOvti.~ouv. Axouc (~AEJtW) OLL OAOt aVESmQELw£ OL JtOAE[lm nou EXOUV YlVEL ow JtUQEA80v tEAELWOaV 0XL ouuqxovc [lE tL£ ouva[lEL£ TWV UvtL[laXO[lEVWV aAAa aU[lcpwva [lE LO 6Lxmo xm YEVLxa Jtw£ 11 ~Wtl rcov av8QwJtwv xmUOtQEcpnm Esm'tLus 'tTl£ xuxLus, EVW ~tE rnv uQEt:tl aW~Etm' WaLE OEV JtQEJtEL vn OLEVOXWQouvtm 0- OOL OXOJtEUOUV va 6LUXLVClUVE1jJOUV yLa rc Olxma, aAAa JtOAU JtEQLOOO'tEQO ooor EXOUV U~QLOTLXtl OUrmEQLcpoQa xm 6EV SEQOUV va 't'Y]Qouv 10 [lE'tQO OUs EULUXLO[lEVE£ 'tOU£ O'tLY[l££.

AJ:KOYMAI 1. m:ioEIEV: No cvcvvcoprcrei Kat vo KAl6ei aTO XPOVO KOl OlTjV tYKAlOT] nou

cnovro.

2. onou~a~ouoac;, EiAIlq>OTOC;, ul3pi~oVTac;, q>EPEIV: Na Y[V£l XPOVlKij OVTlKOToOlaOT].

3. No KAl60uv napoAJ\TjAa oe OA£C; TlC; £YKA[O£lC; TOU eVeCJTWTO TO pijl-lOTa £niOTO!-lOI KQl £q>iOTO!-IOI KOl va erucnpoveouv Ol 15lo<poptc; OlOV TOVlOI-IO.

EMnE4nNn Iuv~EOIl npOTl,lOEWV

:L' Eva 'Aoyo nou crtorsxetrtn ana I-IlO KUPlO rtoorcon Kal cuvoeerot aVTl6£TlKa. (J.1iv ... oi) I-Ie ertouevo Myo nou anOT£7I.e[TOl ana I-IlO KUPlO KOl I-IlO 15wrspeuouon, seooov npOTJYelTOl Tj 15wT£p£uouaa, TO i5i; ~p[OK£TOl a' ourn, eVW KOVOVlKO Ovi]K£l OTT]V xupio. nX EyciJ i5E: ttepl !-ltv TWV ciA.Awv 0lloAoyw TOUTOU:; (a' ueooc TOU 'AoyOU: KUPlO rtpor.) I onox; ~t xprj TOU OIKaiou nouioeo! Tl noouoviaiteoov, ouoe«; dv ... neioetev (W I-IEPOC; Myou' auv15E£TaL avn6£nKO 1-1£ TO a' I-Itpoc; 1-1£ rc I-IEV . 6&' T) 15eUT£p£uouoa npOTaOT] onox; ... ttoooovicirepov EX£l TO 15E nou avijK£l OTT]v KUPlO rtpor, nou QK07l.0u6£i). To l15lo OUI-l130[V£l Ka[ 11£ TO I-IEV, 1-1£ TTj 15lQ'Popo on Tj osurepeuouou rtpor, ~p[OK£TQl aTO Q' I1tpoc; TOU Myou. n.x- 'Ortoio«; I-Itv AOyOIC; entiat KiipovdJJtn yiyparrml (a' I-ItpOC;' TO I-Itv ~p[aK£TQl ern OWT£P£UOUOQ npor. nou rtponverror, £VW KaVOVlKa. avijK£l OlTjV xuoro nou aKoAou6ei) I oiowOl 15& OUTrj) «oooc llupiouC; aaptlKoue:; (13' uepoc, KUPIO rtpot.: ouvoserot I-IE TO 0' I-Itpoc; aVTl6eTlKO 11£ TO I-Itv ... ~E).

15

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KhEI.c.IA

• de; uev aUTWV {r7V] KMapxoe;

• KAtapxoc; ouosovoouevc»; ... i5oE;ar; (J.lTX·)

• olanpaE;o/-lsvoc; napa TWV i;cpopwv

• i:E;i;nAsi 6)(; nOAs/-lrjawv ToiC; EJpr;IE,iv

Q tni},oyoc; 111C; &KOTj)(IT&ioC; TOU Kupou KOTcl TOU ApTOlitp~ (401 n.X.).

6

Ol !lEV oil oLQULYJyoL oirtto AYJ<:p8EVLE<; avijx8YJouv w<; ~U0LAEU xut anO"t!lYJ8EVLE<; LU<; XE<:pUAU<; ELEAElrtllOuv, ci<; !lEV umwv IO.EuQX0<; O!lOAOYO'lJ!lEVOJ<; EX In:lVLOJv LWV E!lnElQOJ<; a1JLOU EXOVLWV 06- ~a<; YEvEo8m avilQ xaL nOAE!llxO<; xuL <:plAonOAE!lo<; EaxaLw<;. Kat YUQ oil £W<; !lEV nOAE!lO<; ~v LOi<; AUXEOm!lOVLOL<; nQ6e; LOUe; 'A811- VULOUe; nUQE!lEVEV, tnEloij OE cLQijvYj tYEVELO, avumtow; Lilv auwu nOALV we; ol eQ<lXEe; Mllxoum LOUe; "EAAllvuC; xal olanQu~a!lEVOe; w<; t&UVULO nUQu LWV E<:POQOJV E~EnAEl we; nOAE!lijOWV LOie; unEQ Xsppovnoou xat IlEQLv80u eQq~lV. 'End oE !lEWyvOVLE<; nw<; ol £CPOQOl ~oYj £~OJ OVLO<; anoOLQE<:pElV alJLov EnElQwVLo E~ '!o8!lou, EVLau8a OUXE'tL nd8ELUL, aAA' 0XELO nAEOJv etc; 'EMijeJrtoVLov. 'Ex WtJLOU xni t8avULw8Yj uno LWV tv LmlQLTI LEAWV we; anEL8wv.

(:=evoq>WVTa, Kupou Avc.j3oO"IO:;. S', 6, 1-4)

rAWaalKG av~x91"J0av: ncsrrr. oop. TOU PTlfl. av6yoIJoi (= o5rWOUflOl). anOn~IJVOIJal TI'tV K£tpaMv = onoKecpaA(~OflOl. &K TWV &lJn£lpWe; aUTOU &X6VTWV = orto OOOU<; TOV YVWPl~OV KaAO. M~ae;: flTX. OOp. TOU pnu. i50K&W -W. 6vI'tp noA&IJIKOe; = OVTP0<; eurteiportoxepoc. &O)(OTWe; = os fleyMo [306flO. Kai yap i5~ = KOI npOYI1OTlKO. &OTI TtVI n6A&lJoe; npoe; Tlva = Kovel «onoioc noxeuo us KOnOlOV. ~I5I"J t~w OVTOe; = TIl OTlWTl nou I3plOKOTOv 110KPlO. t!>X£TO nA&wv &ie; = ouveXl~E TIlV rtopein TOU KOTE:U6elov YlO ... 9aVaToOIJ01, -OUIJOI = SOVOTWVq.lOl, KOT05lKO~0110l oe SOVOTO. TO TEA., = 01 OPXOVTEC;.

:EUVTUKTIKG Al"Jtp9EVT£e; (= enei eAr,({ie,.,OOli): XPOVIKr'j flTX. mooreooxcovo oro nopEASov). we; paolMa: 11 KOToXPllmIKr'j npoS. we; + OlTlOTIKTl tpovepwvEl KupiwC; KOTEUBuvon os rtpootono, onox; e5w. anoTIJI"J9&VTSe;: xpov. - rport, I-ITX. de; IJtv ... &O)(OTWe;: KUPlO rtpor. ue PTlflO TO esv. I]v. OUTldV: yev. 5lOlPE:TlKr'j rrro ek; eK TWV &XOVTWV: eflnp08. rtpocoiop. nou 511Awvel ouuqxovic. aUTOU: y£v. OVTlK/KTl cro euneipax; yev&o901: el5. cnopeuo., OVTlK. crrjv ernaer. fl1)(. i56~ae; (= ae; ii5o~ev). nOA£IJIKOe;. tpIAonoA£lJoe;: £mSET. rtpocoiop. oro avr,p, TO ortoio slvci KOTllYOPOUfl. oro KAeapxoe;. fwe; IJtv ... npoe; TOUe; 'A9I"Jvaloue; I &n&I1)1't i5t ... eY&V&To: 5uo 5eUTEpeuouoe<; xpovlKe<; rtoor. TOle; AOK£i5aIIJOviolC;: ~OT. npoawn. KTllTlKr). avan£looe; TI'tV OUTOU n6.Alv - Koi i5laTTpa~OIJSVOe; - napa TWV ecpopwv &~tnAsl ... epl;I~lv: KUPlO rtpor. we; oi ep9K£C; ... TOUe; "EAAl"Jvac;: 11 ElOlKr'j npor. OVTlK. ern XPOVlKTl flTX. avaneloac (= ene! aveneloc:v). i5lanpo~6IJ£voe; (= enei i5tenpa~aro): XPOVIKr'j 111)(. (nporepoxpovo oro nopeASov). we; &i5!JVOTO (ew. i5tanpa~aa8Qj): 11 ovocpop. npor, 511Awvel TOV TPOno. ToiC; 0pl;I~iv: OVTIK. crnv TEAIKTl flTX. we; ttoseunotov. 'ETT£i i5t ... &~ '1- 09IJou: 5EUTepEuouao XPOVIKTl npor. IJEToyv6VT£e; (= ene! j.1E:Teyvwoav): 01- TlOAOY· I-ITX. OVTOe; (= sv rjJ I]v): ves. onox., XPOVIKr'j fl1)(· nAEWv: xcrrrjvopnuor. 111)(. ana TO 4Jxem. uno TWV T£Awv: nomnxo OLTIO. we; l1TT£19wv: omoAoy. 111)(. nou 511Awvel unoK/KTl ornoxovto Myw TOU ox;

16

METACI»PA%H

• H TUm T(J)V EMl'jV(J)V OTpcrnWWV

• 0 euneroonoxeucc KOI q>lAonOMI-'OC; KMapxoe;

• napao£iYI-'OTa nou anOOEIKVUOUV TO qllA.OnOMI-'O xapaKTl'jpo TaU

• nOli TOV ool'jY'lUE a 'PIAOnOMI-'OC; xapaKTl'jpae; TaU

• 01 ouverreiec TIle; onel90Pxiae; TaU

Al:KOYMAI

6

OL OTQaTllYOL AOLnov, acpoU O'UVEAijcpEh'loav [l' mrro "tOY "tQono, OOrlYij811x.av O"tO ~aOLALU x.m 8avm:w811x.av [lE anOx.EcpaALO[lO, 'Evae; all' amove; ijtaV 0 KAEaQXOe;, orov O1l0LO oAm, OOOLWV ijl;EQav x.uAa, [lE x.mvij O[lOAoyi,a avayvwQL~avl on unijQI;E aV"tQae; xm E[ll1£LQonOAE[lO£, x.m <pLAonOAE[lO£ OE [lEyaAo ~a8[lo. Ken nQaWaux.a, OCTO OL AUx.EOm[lOVLOL ELXav nOAE[lO ue rou; A811vaLou£, eueVE (x.m EllmQvE [lEQOe; orov 1l0AE[lO)' otov ouo»; EYLVE ELQi!vll, acpoU EllELOE'"tOUe; 0'U[ll10AL"tE£ tou nw£ OL 8Qax.£e; aOLx.oUv WU£, 'EAAllVE£ x.m acpou xm:OQeWOE va naQH EYXQL<J'Yl uno LOU£ £(poQou£ [lE LOV tQono rtou [ll10QOUOE, avaxwQllOE us nAoLo yw va nOAE[l1l0H "tOU£ 8Qax.£r; 1l0U X.atOLx.ouoav llUVW uno TIl Xeooovnoo xm trtv IIEQLveo. 'OLav O[lW£ OL EqJoQm, LY) OLLWij nou aULo£ (0 KAEaQXOr;) ~QLOXOLaV run [laXQLU (uno TIl LnaQTIl) llQoonu8ouoav va tov yuQLOOUV llLOW uno tov loellO, YLm:L aMasav yw X.UnOLO AOYO yvw[lll, 10LE mo bEV 1l£L8aQXlloE, aMa O'UVEXLOE LY)V lloQELa LOU xoreu- 8Elav YLa LOV EMllonoV"to. Fr' outo 10 nEQLOTmLXO XUL xmabLxa- 0LY)XE OE 8avmo orto rou; aQXOV"tES TIlr; LllaQLY)£ wr; all£LeaQXor;.

1. t~tnA&I: No KAL8d O1T]v 0PLOTLKf] KaL npOOTOKTIKf] eVEOT<llTO KOL aTO xpova nou orrovro.

2. anoT~JI'letVT&C;: No KAl8Ei O1T]v npOOTaKTLKf] TOU (i5LOU xpovou KQl OTIC; TpELe; i5la8eoELe;.

EMnEMlNn nWC; avaAUouiJ& ,.lIa J.I&TOX~ oe rrperoon

1. XapoKT1lp(~OUI-lE TIl I-ITX. OUVTOKTLKO (nx XPOVLKf], Un08eTLKf], alTlOAOYlKf], Em8ETLKf], ... ).

2. ETIiASYOUl-le TO Ouvi5EOIJO eLooywyf]e; ue Kprrf]PlO: 0) TO eiooc IT)e; nooroonc OTO orroio aVcMucrOt 17 J-ITX., 13) IT) onuaoia TOU oovseouo: (nx elMo ouvi5wl-l0 XPllOlI-l0nOLOUI-lE YLa va i511AWOOUl-le TO aUyxpOVO, elMo TO rtporeooxpOVO KOL elMo TO uorspojpovo / elMo YIO TI1V OVTLK/Kf] OlTLOAOY(O, elMo YIO TI1v unoK/Kf] .... ). y) TI7 aUVTa~rJ TOU auvoea/-iou (nx on; + OPlaT., ottcte + eUKT. enovoxnrrr., orrowv + UnOTOKT./ ei + OpLaT. f] EUKT., eav + UnOTOKT ... ).

3. H I-lTX .. orov I-lETOTpeneTOl OE pf]I-lO, 5LOTllpei:

0) TO xpOVO (e~o[pEOfJ onorsxouv oll-lTX. EVEaTWTO KOL nOpOKe11-leVOu, nou OTOV ovcoeoovrm aTO nopeA8ov Ti8evTm os nopOTOT. Kat uncpouvrex. OVT1OTOlXO, Kat T1 TeAtKf] , II ortoio EVW onOVTO I-l0VO OE l-leMoVTO, 01T] I-lETOTpOnf] OE pf]l-l0 Ti8ETOL xupkoc OE OOPLOTO KOL OTIOVLO os evermore)

13) TO UnOKEll-leVO, TO ortoio ol-lwe; TWPO T(SETOL oe rmcon OV0I-lOmLKf] we; unox. pf]I-lOTOC;.

1. Karu M~~ ~ <pPUDT] 0<001;0, o{./Olo.oyouptvw<;. [.If:Ta<ppu~eTOI: nou six. ovoyvwP'DT] ~8 KOIVlj ollo/o.ayio

17

KEIMENO

IH MEIA KIIEIIl.IA

• [ii5ii5aoKovj dv ye~ viaBm ! KeioBm

• TOi<; ttossuio«; co ov nocoeasoie»

• tv KaArjJ TOU {3A6~ melV n'W AaKWVIk;I7v xwpav

• TOU nooonsou ano LIKeAia<; ek; ttesottovvnoov

01 AOKEliOll.lOVIOI liE TO Mvaomno EmXElpouv va KaTaM~ouv naAI TI"JV KtpKupa (367 n.X.).

7

'EITEL DE ol Kq;ncvQuim EX uev Tf]; Yii; OUbEV O.6.f,t~UVOV bta "to xQaLcLo8m XaLa Yiiv, xata 86."unuv 6E OUbEV dcnlYctO uuwi<; Ota "to VUUXQatEL08m, tv JtOAAfJ C1JTOQL<;I ~ouv' XUt JtE~LJTOvtE; JtQD; wu; A81lvuLou<; ~01l8Eiv re tMovto xuL EbLbuoxov 00<; f,tEYU f,tEV ayu80v aJto~6.AmEv &'v, £i KEQXUQU<; O1EQll8EiEv, wI,; 6E ITOAEf,tLOL<; f,tEY6.AllV &.V ioxuv JtQOO~6.AOLEV" EI; OuDEf,tlCt.<; yaQ JtOAEWC;: JtArlV yE -A- 81lvwv OUTE VUU<; OUTE XQrlf,tatU JtAElQ) o.v YEvEo8m. "Ell bE XfLo8m Tilv KEQXUQUV EV XUAQJ !lEV tou KOQlV8tuxou XOAnOU xuL tWV noAEWV, u'L E:nL totrtov xu8rlxoumv, EV XUAQJ bE tOU t11V AuxQ)VtX11V XWQuv ~A6m:ftV, EV XUMLO"n.!1 DE Tii<; 1E avtLJTEQUC;: -HJtELQOU xuL wu d<; TIdo:novvllOOV aJtO LLXEALU<; JtUQCt.ITAOU. 'AXOUaUvtf<; OE tau1a ol 'A81lvaiOL svouioov ioxuQw<; tJttf,tEAllLEOV slvrn,

(=EVO<j)WVTa, EM'lVIKC, IT, 2, 8~10)

rAWaalKG vcuxpcrsouc], -oupcn = VlKlt~Ql KULa 86.Aaoaa, ~ElOV&KHil OTa nxoto. tv arropin &ilJi = ~p(aKOI1Ql OE MaKOAl1 8tOl1. npoal3aMw = aUl1nAl1PWVW, npo- 08tTW. Ka9~Kw = anAWVOIlQl, qmivw. tv Ka~1!> = oe EnIKOlPl1, nMOVEKTlKI'] StOll·

I.UVTQKTIKO tKT~C; y~C;: &l1npOS. rtoocorop. nou 0l1AWVEI noosxsuon. i5Ul TO Kpan:ia9al, lila TO vauKpan:ia9al: El1npOS. rrpoooiop. Tl"]C; orricq (icoouvououv IJ.E orneAOylKEC; rtpor. [srrsrory espatoiivra / i:rrerory i:vauKpaTOuvTO], 11& QlTlOAOY· IlTX. [aTe KpaTOUf-lSVOr I aUTofc; ... vaUKpamUf-lSVOlC;] I'] I1E ortotcortrtors OMIl 110P(j)1l crrtcc). aUTOUe; (= KspKuparouc;): EW. unox. TOU voueporeioeo: tv orropi(l: eunooa. rtpoootop, nou 0llAWVEl EVTOmal10 OE xcrno-roon. rraprrovrec:

TPOntKI'] 1lTX. ouvnuu. 1301l9&iv T& ti5EOVTO = Kepruoou» i:&OVTO A8r/Vaiwv (EW. aVTlK. TOU PlliJ.) /30l]eefv (n:A. nncpeue., aVTlK. TOU prur.). 'A9Ilvaioue;:

EW. unox, TOU crrupepo. /3ol]esiv. we; I-IEya ... cmol3aAOI&v elV / TOle; i5E noA&lJfolC; ... npoal3o~OI&v: 01 Mo &lOlKEC; npor. oVTlK. cro i:oioaaKov· XPl1OliJEUOUV KOI wc, onoooce«; Tl"]c, unoser. rtpor. t:i oreoneeiev: anAl'] OKei.IJll (0 urtoaer. Myoc, elvoi &~apTl"]iJ£VOC;, EnElOI'] II ortoooon ~plaKETOl erne ElOlKEC; rtpor. ITOV w8u Myo: d ... oteoneeiuev - ano/3r1Aorf-lsv av I dv noooisascnf..1Sv). KepKupac;: oVTlK. TOU oteoneeiev. role nO~&lJiolC; (euu.), iaxuv (611·): oVTlK. TOU av rrpoa/3aAorsv. av y&via9al (= av ysvorvTO), K£ia9C1:. EIO. onapel1<jl., aVTlK. cro es». i:oioaoKov. vauc;, xp~lJaTa: urtox, TOU dv ysvsa8ar. TI'JV KEpKupav: unox. TOU KS[Oem TOU KoAnou, TWV noA&wv, TOU I3Aam&lv*, TfJe; 'Hrrefpou, TOU noperrxou: y&v. Tl"]C; ovoeopoc; uno TO i:v KOAciJ (= KaA.Wc;) , i:v KaMiaT4J. aKOUaaVT£C; (= ene! ijKOuoav): xpovlKIlIlTX., OUVfjiJl1. (rtporspoxpovo aTO napEASov). tvolJlaav tmlJ&AflTEOV &IVal = evouioav Seiv etuueseioecn.

18

* ern yEV. TOU Evap8pou aT1apE~.J.(p. unopxel Kat 11 tWOIO TOU oxortou,

METAClJPA:EH

• 01 KepKUpaiOl ~piOKOVTOI oe nOAU OUOKOAIl 6eOll Kat ~Il'OUV ~orl6E:la ono TOUC; A6Ilva[ouC;

• To emxelprHlOTa TWV KepKUpaiwv:

a) oe oUI-l<P€pel OLrrE TOUe; A61vaiou<; 11 anWAEIQ 111<; KepKupac;

~) TO VTjoi cnorcxei rrrpcrrrjvuco OTJIl£io

• Avtcrtoxpton TWV A61lvoiwv

EPMHNEYTIKA

Al:KOYMAI

01 KepKupajol nej90uv TOUe; AS.,vajoU(; va TOUe:; ~o.,e~aouv,

7

Ot KEQX:UQaLOt, El1£LClll DEV fl1mQvav 'tLn:OLE cero TrJV ~l1Q6., yLatL 't'I1V XatElXE 0 EX8Qo~1, xm nrto TrJ 86.Aaooa DEV etonvotcv rtnoto. a' autOU~, YLatl uetovextououv ma nAoLa, ~Qloxovmv OE l10AU MaxOAl1 8EOll xrn O1:EAVOVtm; nQW~Eu'tfs oroix A811vaLO'I)£ 'Wus naQaxaAouoav va tOU~ ~0118ijoouv xm roix; tOVL~av on eO. x6.oouv fLEy6.Ao aya80 Xat 80. nQo08foOUV fLEy6.A11 DUvaJ.l11 croix EX8Qou~, av mEQ1180uv rnv KfQxuQa' ytmL ['tovt~av nw<;] fLoVO 11 l10A11 't'I1<; A8~va~ fDtOQEl va tou; XOQ11y~O£L nEQLOOotEQa nAoia xm XQijfLaro Xat xafLL6. 6.AA112. AxofL11 [tovt~av nw~ll1 KEQxuQa BQLOXE'taL OE xaAij I El1LXatQ11 8EOll OE OXEOll fLE ·tOV KOQLv8Laxo XOAnO XaL U<; l10AW; nOU ~QLoXOvtm am naQ6.Aul 'tOU, mLO'Il<; OE xaAij / El1lXmQ11 8EOll OXEtLX63 fLE rnv l1QOXA11Oll ~A6.~11<; orn AaxwvLxij XWQa xm OE LoavLxl'j 8EOll OE OXEOll ltE 't'I1V nrtevuvn 'HJtELQO xci to 80.Momo Ta~loL coto T11 ~LxEA[a OT11v lIE AOJtOVvy] 00. Ot A811vaLOt, orov oxououv aUT6., EXQLvav Jtw~ nQEl1EL va aOXOA1180uv oo~aQ6..

"ETI i5t K&io901 ... rrnpcrtxou: 11 KO[ptO StOll TIle; KtpKUpae;, KOL ana yewypa· (jJLKT'] KOL ono mpmLwTLKT'] nnoum, crtorsxel TO "!lEya ayaB6v», nou oev rtpenet va X600uv OLIre OL 15LOL or Kepxupciot OUTe Ol aUIl~.LOxol TOUe;.

1. vi\v, iaxuv, vou~, napanAou: No KALSOUV KOL moue; 5uo 0pLSIlOUe;.

2. cmoj36AOI&v, O"T&p.,e&i&v, &volJloav: Na ylvel eYKAtTLKT'] aVTlKOTamOOTj.

IUlJmu~., i5&UT&P&UOUOO~ rrporoonc os lJ&rOX~

'Orcv ouurrruocouue l.uO 5wTep£uouao rtporuon OTIlv aVTlmOLXIl tJTX·, TOT£:

a) ., IJT)(. &IVOI aUVIlIJIJEVIl, eoooov TO unoxeuievo TOU pT']IlOTOe; TIle; 5£UT£peuouocc unapxel T'] £WOeLTOL we; opec OTIlv noorcon £~6pTT]0lle;· nX 'Errsi lit oi K&pKUpaiol oui5tv tAalJj3avov, tv rroMn anoota rjoav = (ore) oi KspKupa[ol ouoi:v AalJj3avoVTec;, tv noM,f] onooia ~aav (oi K&pKUpaiol, TO urtox. 011/.... TOU pT']Jl. TIle; O£UTepeuouaae; etvcu Kat oocc [eow urtox.] OTT]V npor. e~6pTIlOlle; tv noMn cmop{9 r70av' VL' aUTO 11 IlTX. dVOL cuvnuu.).

f)) 11 IJT)(· eival onoAuTrl, eeocov ro urtoxeiuevo TOU pT']IlOTOe; TIle; o£UTepeuouccc o£v unapX£l OLJr£ £WO£lTOL we; opec OTIlv noorcon e~apTllOll~' nx tnei Karo e6AoTTav oulitv &io~y&ro ollToiC;.", tv rroMn anopia r70av = (6· TS) KQTa 8c1Aarrav oui5&VO~ eiaoyOIJEVOU aUTO[C;, tv noMn anook» r70av (TO Oui5EV, TO unox. Ollt.., TOU P~Il· 111<:; oeUTep£uouaa<:;, o£V 8X£l Kallio CJXtOll 11£ rnv npOTQUT] e~6pTllOlle;' YL' aUTO 11 IlTX· urrrpcs G£ Y£VLKT'] ortoxurn).

1. Mill"',: Myw TOU on KaTEXOVTOV ana TIl aT8PIO.

2. AJV"lIiJ~ ... on elver couvcro va crcoouv (a' ouroucj ttsprooorcpc "Aoto KaL xpijl-lOTQ ana «moio tiMTJ.

T10A~ exroc ~tPala ana rnv A8i)va.

3. Mill';',: ecrs vu pMm81 TIl AOKWVIKi) xwpo

19

KEIMENO

IHMEIAKIIEIt.IA

• Tou8' ... «ai f3i:ATIOTOV U/J[V (scm]

• TO eivtu «ai (TO) noPf:[VQI npoeye: Koi tXS{

• KUPiOV n6VTWV Koi Pf]TWV Kai anoponTWV

• ttpoc; uev TO npatteoeai ra TOU noM/Jou

o "'{"mnO!; el0j3aMel CJTO eoolpl') TIIIV m'iAewv TTl" 0"uv6IaK~" OlJoOTIovafa". 01 OMv6101 ~I')TOUV TI') aUlJlJaxfa TI')" Ae~VOI; (349 IT.X.).

8

Ou ~l~V aM' btLELXWC;, cD av6QEC; 'A8'Y]valot, "tou8' 0 oua~axwtrrrov Eon tON WLAlnJtOU JtQayw'nwv, xni ~O""tLO"tOV u~liv' to yaQ ELVCtL novtcrv EXELVOV £V' 6vta XUQLOV xal Q'Y]tWV xaL aJtoQQ~tWV xal a~a otQat'Y]yov xaL 6wn6t'Y]v xaL rcquov xat Jtavtaxou mrrov JtaQEivCtL to o"tQmEu~ml, JtQOC; usv to TO. "tou JtoM~ou Taxu xaL xma XC1LQOV nQcrrtw8CtL JtOAA0 JtQOEXEL, nQDe; o£ Tac; xmaAAayae;, ae; ts» EXElVOC; nOL~Oal1:' aO~EVOe; JtQDe; 'OAuv8i.oue;, £vaVTLWe; EXH. L~;rlAov VaQ con 10ie; 'OAuv8i.me; em vUV ou nEQ" &6~'Y]':; ouo' uJt£Q ~tQoue; XWQae; nOAE~ouOlV, aM' avao"t(WEWe; xaL 6.VOQC1JtOOlO~OU tiie; nC11;Qi'&oe;, xal Iooow a r' 'AwplJtOAnWV Enoi.'Y]oE LOUe; naQa&6- VTae; am0 ~V nOAlV xal Iluovciorv "toue; uJtooE~a~EVOUe;' xal oAWe; amowv, ol~C1L, tale; JtoAl1Ei.me; ~ wQavvle;, UAAWe; re xCiv o~oQov XWQav EXWOl.

(t.rJllo08tvll, A' OAuv910KO<;, 4-5)

rAWaalKG OU IJIlV aMa = aM' OI-lWC;. tmEIKII:U; = OX£OOV ! nOALI. npOe; IJtv TO npnrTEOeal TO TOU noAtIJOU Taxu KO! KOTO KalpOV = OOOV Q(pOpO lTl YPT'jYOPll Kat tYKOlPll OLE~OYWY~ TWV nOAEj..llKWV EmX£lp~O£WV. noMciJ npotXEI = dVat I-lf:YOAO nAE:OvtKlTlI-lO. tvavriwc; tXEI = <PEPVf:l OVTIS£TO onorexeouo, £Lval l-l£lOVEKlTllla. amOTOV Taic; noAITEialC; Il TupaVVIC; tOTI = 11 TupaVVlKrl E~ouoia elvoi Kan rtpoc TO onolo ouomoTouv ro 0111l0KpmlKQ noAlTEUI-lOTa.

:tUVTaKTIKG OU IJIlV.-. TOUe' - Kal ... Ulliv: pl']lla TIle: Kuplac; rtpor. TO EVVOOUI-lf:VO eon.

TWV ... npaYIJOTWV: yEV. iSlatPET. ana TO 6, TO onOLO eivcn uno«. TOU eon. 5uO'I-I0XWTaTov: KalTlyoPOUI-l. aTO 6. TO EIval, TO nopsfvor: TO evoosoo orrcpsurp, urtox, TWV Pll1l0TWV rrpoeXC:1 KOL {;X€l. PI1TWV, anOPPrlTWV: £nE~I1Y~O£IC; aTO rraVTWV, TO ortoio dVOL YEV. aVTlK!Kl'] aTO KUpWV. ovra: emSET. / cvoeop. ~ EVaVTlWIJOTlKl'] I-lTX· KUPIOV, O'TPOTl1VOV, 5EanOTI1V, TOIlIOV: KOlTlYOPOUI-l. aTO £KE[VOV, TO ortoio ElVOL urtox. TWV dVQI, Dvm, nopeivcu. npoc; TO npoTn:0901, npoc; TOC; KOTaMayoe;: ElJnp08. npocoiop. TIle: ovceococ. noAA@: ~OT. TOU Il£TPOU l'] TIle; iSla<popoc;. ae; elv ... npoc 'OAuveioue;: 11 ava<poplKrl rtpor. £K<ptPETOl I-lE lTl OUVllT. £UKT. dv ttomocuto, nou AELTOUPYEI we; onoooon rnc EVVOOUIlEvllC; unoaecnc ei {30UAOlVTO 'OAuv8wc 0 unoaer. Myoe: iSllAWVEl rnv anAl'] oKt4Jll. OO'iJEVOC;: eruopnucr. KQTI"]YOPOUIl. TOU rponou. (urtsp) eveO'nlO'Ewc;, (urrep) 6v5pono610'1J0u: El-lnpoS. rtpoootop. nou ol1AWVOUV OKOno. aT' ... TIlV noAlv! Koi (el tnOII1O'E) ... TOUC; un05E~alJtvouc;: or QUO nMyLf:C; eporrncac aVTlK. aTO Ioaoi. 'AIJ<PlnoAITWV, nu5valwv: yEV. OlOlpn. ana Ta rout; naoasovtt»; TOUe::; unor5eE,O/-l6VOUe::; nvrterorrc, rc onoia stvcn TO OI-lEOQ aVTLK. TOU ertaiqoe: tllll£OO TO Q. aUTciJ (£Illl·), T~V noAlv (ou.): aVTlK. aTO TOUe::; napaoovrac. QV 0IJOpov ... tXWO'I: 11 unoasr. npor. tX£L ortocoon TO atuorov eatt (aoplOTl"] £navCtAI14Jll aTO ncpov - I-ltMov).

20

META~PAJ:H

• To nxsovscrn uo TOU ¢lihmnou Yla TOV miAf!flO elvoi usiovaKTl1fla vro Til ouuqnAlwClT] us TOUe; 0- Auv8iouC;

• rLOT! OEV EivOL ouvaTOV OL OMv8LOL va au IlqlLALw80uv IlE TO <IliAmno

EPMHNEYTIKA

ria nOI&<; OlTi&<; 01 OMv9101 i5&V &IVOI 6UVOT6 va aul.lCpl~IWeouv 11& TO 41i~lnno,

8

AAA' 0IlW£, A8l]vaLm, OXd)Ov1 mrto rtou ELVaL 'to mo bUOXOAOnOA£!tl]'tO «no ro nQ6.Y!tma rou cI>iAlJtnou, aULO ElVaL XaL 'to rno wCPEALIlO YLa aa£' 'to va ELVaL ol]Au6Yj exstvoc, rtou ELVaL2 EVU£, X'0- Qwe; OAWV 'tWV nQuy!J,6.'tWV, CPUVEQWV XaL Iluauxwv, XaL'taULOXQOVU mQU'tl']yo£ XaL anOAU'tOe; 6.QxoV'tae; XaL 'tU!tlUe; XaL ncvrou VU naQEUQLOXE'taL 0 iOLO£ nQoowmx6. oro a'tQ6.'tEUIlU, carro ELVaL usy6.AO nAEOVEX'tl']!tU YLa 'tl'] YQYjyoQl] XaL EYXaLQl] olE!;aywyl'j TWV noAE!tLXWV EmXCLQijaEwv' ooov acpoQ6. o!J,we; ne; ou!tcptALWnXE£ EVEQyELEe; rtou EXELVO£ IlE EuxaQia'tl']Ol] 8u EXUVE ue 'tOU£ OAuv8Loue;, [ov uULoL Yj8EAUV], ELvaL !J,ELOVEX'tl']IlU. fLa-ci ELVaL cpavEQo otouc 0- Auv8iouC; O'tL 'twQa OEV noAEIl6.vE YLa M!;a O'0'tE YLa 'UnEQ6.omOl] xanmou !tEQo'U£ 'tl]£ XWQac; TOUC;, UAA6. YLU vc anocrUYouv mv xu'tumQocpi] XaL'tl']v un060'0AWOl] 'tl']e; na-cQLba£ 'tOU£' EnLOl]C; yvwQi- 1:,ouv 'tL ExavE XaL 0' EXELVOU£ [orto] TOUe; A!tcpIJtOAL'tEe; non tou rtoQE6waav rnv nOAl] rotx XaL a' EXELVOUC; [ceto] toix I1U6VULOUC; rtou 'tOY UnOOEX'tl']XUV o'tl']v nOAl] toix: XaL YEVLX6. l] WQUWLXij EsOUatU, VO!tL1:,w, E(VaL uVUSLOmO'tl'] am 6l]lloxQuux6. nOALLE'0!tmu XaL 116.ALa'ta av vsrtoveuouv.

6 T' 'AI.uj)moAlTwv ... TOUe; uTToi5E~a(Jtvoue;: 0 tl>lAtnTTOe;, OLOV l .. mf]K8 O'TTlV AI-l<pinoAIl Kat TIlV nuova, towm: olOTayf] va (jlOV8UeOUV 8K8LVOl nou TaU rtcoeowaav rtc OUO aUTte; nO}...81e;. AUTOl rrrov aPXTlyol TWV Orll.l0KpOTlKWV a' auTtC;.

A:EKOYMAI 1. nOIse; ana nc OOTlKte; TOU K81lltvou txouv 8t011 aVTLKsll-lE:VOU;

2. liEOTTOT'lV, avaaToaEWe;, TTaTpilioe;, 1'1 ruoovvfc: Na OX'lI-lOTlOTei '1 KA'lTLKf] TOU 8VlKOU.

3. napalioVTOe;: Na ylV8l )(pOVlKf] aVTlKOTQOTa011 KQl va KAl8el O'TTlv unOTQKTIKf] KOl nporrroxtucrt TOU lOIOU )(povou 0'TTl (jlwvr, nou onovru.

EMnE4nNn 01 Em9ETIK&e;! OVOcpOpIKte; IJEToxte; auvOOE:UQVTOl auvr,8we; ono opaoo Kat aVaAUOVTOl os OVO(jlOPlKf] noorcon. nX:

1. aT' enocryoe TOUe; TTapalioVTOe; TWV A,_uprnoJI.lTWV = ... TOlhoue;! &KEIVOUe; TWV A, .. JrpmoAITWV 01 TTop&lioaav.

2. 'E{30r,8El KOVWVl TToAIOPKOU(JtVIp = ... KOVWVI oe; £TToAIOpKEiTO.

3. 01 ev8evOE avopEC; OUTE OVTO OUTE elv YEVO(JEVO Aoyonoloualv = ... a OUT' taTIV OUT' av ytVOITO ... (OTTlKr, aUVTO~'l).

I. nlO eA£ugepa: unopel va nEt «cnoioc 01l. .. 2. MAI"'C;: av 001 Eivot ('1 fITX. 8VaV1IWI.IQ1IK~).

2.1

KEIMENO

IHMEI.A KIIEIt..IA

• rjKOUOV rrcvroc ...

TUYXavSlv emKOUp{ae;

• OpW II.OKSOOlI10V{OUe; ... ryKovrae; KOi OSOI1,svoue;

• opw 6!T}{3aioue; ... oeouevouc; ...

• roue; reseomoovTOe; ... (mjcpOUe; yeveo601

M&TO T!") flOXIl OTO A&uKTpo, 01 el1~oiol ~piOIlOVTOI tliw enc rnv OT&lXIOT!") InapT!").

9

'Eyw 6E, W aVOQE<; 'A811vaLOL, rtQOOSEV IlEV axouwv E~rlAO'UV "litVOE T~V rtOALV OTL n;(lVTa<; xa!' TOUt; aOLXO'UIlEVO'U<; xaL TOUt; CPO~O'UIlEVO'U<; EvSaOE xmacpEuYOvtat; E1UxO'UQLat; ~xo'uov wyxavELV' viiv 0' OVXET' axouw, aAA' amOt; ~bl1 rtaQwv oQw AaXEC)aLlloVlO'Ut; TE TOUt; OVO!l.aOToTaTOUt; xui !lET' aVTWV TOUt; rtLOTOTCtTOUt; CPLAOU<; alJTwv 1[QOt; ullat; TE flxoVTat; xa!' bEOIlEVO'Ut; au UIlWV E1UXOUQfjOaL. 'OQw &f xui Ehl~aLOUt;, OOL "TOTE oux EJTELOaV AaXEOaLIlOVLOU<; EsavOQaJTObLOaa8m Ullat;, virv OEOIlEVO'U<; U~lWV JTEQLLOEtV anoAOIlEVOU£ "TOUt; otoocvu«; Ullat;. T6.Jv ~lEV ouv UllfTEQWV rtQoyOVWV xaMv AEYETm, OTE TOU<=; 'AQYELWV "TEAfUTrlaavta<; EJTL"TfI KaollfLq oux daocv cnacpou<; YfvEoSm' DIlLV bE JTOAU XCtAALov av YEVOLTO, El TOU<=; ETL ~WVTat; AaxfOmllovLwv !lrlTE ll~QLoSfjvm Ilrl"Tf aJToAEa8m Eaocrre.

(=&VO'l'WVTO, W'lYIK6, :IT, 5, 45-46)

rAwaalKcJ ~I1Mw, -w = ~T]A8UW, Soulla~w, ETTlKOUpia = [30l'JS8l0 (n[3. E:TT1KOUP1KDl"0Il81- 0). OUKETI OKOUW = Otv OKOUW mo. MOIJO! (+ ysv, ttpootortou) = rtcpoxnAW. tTTlKOUPEW, -W = [30T]8w. E~av6pano6i~olJal = urtooouxiovco. nepropoW, -W = (+ «atnvoonuat. J.lTX.) avtXOIlQL, OOLQ(POPW I (+ onopt/-.J(p.) a<prlvw, aOlatpopw. ul3pi~olJcl (naST]T.) = npoo[3ciMOIJOL, OTLlJa~OlJal. onoAAulJcl = KOTaOLpttpOllOL, xavollal.

EUVTGKTIKU OKOUWV (= OTe r]KOUOV I onDTe QKOUOII_il): XPOVLKrlIllX.· us crtoooon TO ti;r,Aouv OT]AwVeL n ro npaYIJOTLKO (a' avOAuOll) n TTJv aOplOLT] enOVOAT]ljJT] OLO napeASov (W OVOAuOll)· OTI ... TuvxavElv: T] rtpor, QLTLOAOY81 TO e(r,Aouv. KaTCqlEUyOVTCe;: xpOv.-Tpon. IlTX·, OUVT]IJIl· OLO TOUe; aOIKOUj.ltvoue;, TOUe; tpof3oUJ.leVOUe;, TO orroio eivm urtok. TOU TUyxaVeW OUTO sivcu £LO. ortcpepo.. 0- VTLK. TOU r]KOUOV (OKOUW + cnoceuo. = tprl IJT] , 0[3t[30l0 yeyov6c,). ernxoupiae; (YSVLKrl): aVTLK. OLO TUyxQV8lV. UIJWV, EmKOuPrl00I (TtA. crtnpeuo.): 0- VTLK. OLT]v KOTTJYOpT]IJOT. IJTX. Seouevouc. AaK&6cl~ovioue;: aVl"LK. OlO SITelaav KOL uno«, TOU TEA.. nrtnpeuqi. £~ovi'5ponoo{aoaeal, TO ortoio dVQL OVTLK. OLO eneiaav. 011I3clouc;: aVTLK. TOU opw KOl unox. TTJc, KOTrwopT]IJOT. IlTX· oeouevouc nou s~apTaTOl an' OUTO. UlJwv, m:pIl5&iv (n:A. ortopeuc.): OVTLK. TOU OeOJ.ltVOUC;. TOUe; OWOCVTCC; (= TOUTDUC; oi' tawoav): OVTLK. TOU ttepubeiv KOL uno«. TTJc, KOTTJYOpT]IJOT. IlTX. anosouevoo; nou e~OpT(lTOl an' aUTO. olE ... y&veo901: T] XPOVlKrl npor. 08 StOll 8LOLKtlC, wc, urtox, TOU MyeTOt 1"T]c, KupLac, npor. (ortcvm OUT!'] '1 OUVTOKTlKrl StOll TWV XPOVLKWV rtpor.). oTOqloue;: KOTTJYOPOUIl. OTO TOUe; ieseomoavtac. Y&VEo9cI: TeA. onopeuqi., 0- VTLK. OLO OUK eiacav. &i ... t600lTE: oeuT8peuouoa OLTlOAOYLKrl rtpor, unoeeTLKtlC, ornoxovtcc; orto TO KciAAlOV QV ytVOITO (eKtppa~8L TO ouvoioanuo TOU Saul-la0l-l0u). AaKE5allJoviwv: yev. olOLpeT. orto ro TOUe; ((wvme;).

22

META4»PAJ:H

• npoon6881Q TOU 0- IJIAIlTI'j va K8VTpio81 TIl qllAoTllJia TWV A- 81lvaiwv

• TI ~IlTOUV 01 l\uKeiSOlIJOVIOI ana TOUe; A8llvaioue;

• Tt ~I1TOUV 01 81l~uiOl ana TOUe; A811- votouc

• To nap6iSelYIJo TWV npoy6vwv Kat. ..

• Tt rtpener va KOVOUV 01 ABl1vaiOl

Al:KOYMAI

EMnEMlNn

01 Ae.,vafolExoUV l')elK~ unoxpewcr., va l3o.,e~crouv TOUC; 9

l:napTUln:c;. I

Eyw, avtQEe; A~valOL, naAUytEQa, orov axauya (blacpoQa Yla TIlV nOAl1 one) ea'lJl-!a~a rnrrqv Ebw LIlV JrOAl1 Ylml oxouvo on xmacpEUyovtae; 1000) OAm, XaL cutot ztou ablxoUvtav XaL rnrroi nou cpo~oUvtav, E~Qloxav ~OrleELa' tWQa Of.tWe; OEV oxoixo JrAEOV, aMa naQEUQlOXOusvo; nla amoJrQoownwe; ~AEJrW an OL !\.aXEOaL~lOVWL, oi mo ovoucotoi ana OAaue; XaL I-!a~l u' amoue; OL mo motet CPlAOL totx; EXOUV EQ8n 010 oae; XaL oae; naQuxaAoUV JrUAL va toix ~OYl8rlOE'tE. BAE3tw EJrLOY1t; OtL XaL OL 8tl~alOL, rtoi: bEV xmacpEQav LOtIO va 3tElOOUV tou; !\.aXEOaLf.t0VlOUt; va oat; unobouAwoauv, tWQa oae; naQuxUAOUv va CJtL1:QE1jJE1:E va XaSoUv outoi nou oat; eocooov. QQaia nQasYl 1:WV 3tQoyovwv oae; avucpEQE'WL 1:0 YEyovoe; on bEY aCPYloav OOOUt; AQydOUt;' oxmw8Ylxav 0LYlv KabfAEla va JtaQaf.tELVOuv cnacpoL' JtOAU ruo wQaia JtQaSYl 0llwt; YLa oae; Sa yi,vEL, av OEV acpijOE'tE OmE va aUf.tamoUv outs va xmamQacpouv OOOL AaXEOaLf.t0VLOLI ElVaL oxouc ~wvtavoL

1. nsplI6siv, anoAolJ£vQuc:;, sicO'ov: No yiV£1 XPOVLKrl OVTLKOT. KOL va OXlll1oTLCJTOUV oAO TO noootortc TT]e; npocrroKTlKrle; TOU iOLOU x.povou.

2. nopcov; No KALeEl O£ OAE:e; rtc 8yKA.(O£Le; TOU (OLOU x.pOVOU. I£ rtoiec aV8- ~6.~£L TOV TOVO KOL O£ noiec 0Xl;

AvaAuO'Il Tile:: KaTrlyoPIlIJCTIK~C:: 1J1')(. as 5SUTSPSUOUO'C npOTOO!,].

H KCT!']yOpI']IJOTIK~ I1£TOXrl nou £~apT6.TQL ana PrlflOTO nou 0I1AWVOUV ovvs,1,,(0, aia8T'}ary, vvocr; osi~T'}, orjAwary, eAeyxo, 1-l(J8T'}ary KOL J,1vrjJ,1T'} OVOM£TOL O£ £IOlKrl rtpor. (OTl, we;). n.x. opw l'IaKeoatJ,1ovioue; ~KOVTCC:: «al 5solJ&vOUC; = 6pw OTi l'IaKEOOiJ,10VtOt ~KOUOI roi 5eoVTcl.

0) Av Il KOTT]yoPllflOT. J.1£TOXrl dVOL anArl (OXI OUVllTLKrl), TOT£ Il 8l0LKrl rtpor. crnv ortoio OVoAU£TOL £K<ptp£TOl rll18 onArl opurnxr; n ue WKTtKrj TaU nAoytOu Aoyou (8~apTT]an ana ICJTOPLKO xpovo). n.x.:

i) 'Em<'5E:i~w TOOrOV uaptupcx; rjJeuOE:[C; nopSXOIJSVOV = Enrod~w OTI oLiTOe; J,10pTupaq rjJeu<'5E:fe; ncp£XSTOI (onArl OPLCJTLKij).

ii) "Eyvw rPpUV1XOe; .Aoyov ttepi me; TOU 'AAK1{3tOOOU K08000u &OOIJ&VOV so! 'A8T'}vaioue; aUrov &V5S~OIJEVOUc; = 'Evvta IPpuv1xoe; OTI .Aoyoe; nepi Tfje; TOU 'AAK1{3tOOOU Ko8ooou &OOITO Koi OTI 'A8T'}vofot aUTOv &V5e~OVTal (dVOL ouvarov KOL I1£TO ana IOTOPIKOx.pOVO va T£ed OPLOTIKrl, scocov 118 tfl(jlOOTl 8tAOUI1£ va 8~apOUfl£ TIlV npaYJ.10TlKOTT]TO TOU n£pL£XOl1tvou TIle; 8LOLKrlC:: npor. [OTl. .. tvoe~OVTQt]).

~) Av Il KOT1lYOPIlI1OTLKrll1£TOxr'] slvor OUVllTLKrl, TOT£ Il £lOLKrl rtpor. OTT]V ortoic QVaAU£TOL 8K(jltp£TQL rll1£ OUVl')T. oourt. rl fl8 OUVI')T. eUKTtKrj. nX ELi fare IJT'}O£vav J.1E TOUrWV &mXSlp~oOVTO = eLi {are OTI ou&vav TOUrWV tnsx&ipl']oa.

1. KaTQ M~'l: EKE.iVOU~ ana TOU~ Apvciouc nou ... I QUToi ana TOUC; AaK~6QllloviolJ<: rtou ...

23

KEIMENO

l:HM EIA MEIIIIA

• tn .. OTpareuso8Q1 Koi npOTTelV

• mlC; nsplouoimc; O~ eoouoic xpr1lTf)aBe

• a SO!Kf.: OITloIC; 0100- usvou; napa n:.i)v iarpwv rOIC; oaBeVOUO!

• rooaur' ... WOT' ...

• eOTI mUI'o ... enou~aVOVTQ

o il.l1lloa9tvl1':; ETTlIlEVtl O"T'lV OIlEO"Il onoO"To""il KOI VEO':; poil9Ela.:; O"TIlV 'O,,"uv90.

10

'Eov ouv aAAo. vuv y' Ell cm:aAAaYEvtE~ tOUtWV tWV WWV t8EAllCJl1tE OtQatEu£08aL tE xal. nQUttELV a.l;tw~ UIlWV ainwv, xal taL~ nEQLouotULr:; taLr:; OLXOL taUtUL~ 6.cpoQlla"l.r:; bel. to. El;w TWV aya86.Jv XQllCJl108E, towt:; ii», row~, OJ aV()QEt:; 'A8'Y]valOL, TEAW)V 1l xal IlEya xTlloULo8' aya86v xal. tWV toioeuov A'Y]IlIlUTWV 6.naUaYEL'Y]tE, a TOit:; ao8EvouOL naQ6. tWV imQwv OLtLOL~ ()L()OIlEVOl~ fOLXE. Kui YUQ tXEiv' om' ioxuv Evtl8'Y]OLV om' 6.Jt08vnoxELv E<)' xa" rrnrr' a VEIlE- 08E vuv UIlEi~, oirts toornit' tOTlv wo't' wcpEAELav EXElv lLVU ()LaQXfj, OUT' 6.noyv6vta~ &.11.11.0 tL JtQattELv t<), aM' falL tauta TT]V £xaoTOU Q<,:t8ullLav UIlWV tnaul;avovta_

(1I'll.loa9tvl), r' OAuv9mKOC;, 33)

rAWaalKG oMo VUV y& "" TOUt..QX10l0V TWpa. tTl "" aK0]111. nsprouofo "" rteotcceuuo. oq>OPlJrJ = e<pOOlO, ueoo. "-~lJlJa = W<pEi\elO, KEpOOC;. O'ITla "" TpO<pEC;. VEIJOlJal TI = kcpruovouct. txw "" napEXW_ CmOYIYVWOKW TIV6e; = rtoportouuct ana «m, ortopvieucn KQTl. £OTI tfTaU~aVOVTa = enau~aVSl.

:tUVTaKTIKG anaMaYEVT&e; ("" em:lv anaM.aYl'iT£): XPOVlKli IJTX·, ue onoeoon TO eB£Ar'/OT]TS (npoaOOKWllevo). TWV t9wv: aVTlK. 0lT] IJTX. arraM.aysvree;'. OTPOT&U&- 0901, npCITT&IV: TE:A. ortcoepp., aVTlK. 0'10 eBsAr'/OT]TS. UIJWV OUTWV: Y'ev. ano TO a~iwe;'. Toie; rreprouoknc: aVTlK. 0'10 xprJOT]aB£. olPop ... aic;: KaTllYoPOUIJ. 0'10 TOfr:; nepiouoia«; (TO XPW/lQl E:OW ouvrcoceror fJE: Mo OOTlKec;' 11 ulo aVTlK. Kat 11 6}.All KaTI1YOPOUfJ.). tn! TO £~W: efJnp06. rtpooorop, TOU aKOrtou, TWV oyaOwv: ve«. olatpeT. ana TO TO e~w. aya90v: aVTlK. 0'10 av KTrJocuoee. nilV "-., ...... (lTwv: OVTlK. 0'10 anaM.ayeirJTe .. a: urroxsip. TOU £00<£ (QTTlKrl aUVTa~'l). OITIOle;: aVTlK. TOU fOIK£. napa TWV taTpwv: rtomnxo cmo orto TO tirooJ-lE:volr:;. role aa9&vouol: em8E:T. I-lTX., aVTlKell-l. 0'10 OI00J-lSVOIe;' (= em8et. ]1TX.)· OITfole; lili50IJEVOIe; TOle; a09&vouOI = ottiou; a oiOOTm roirtou; O! ooeevoocn. £K&iva: urtox, TOU E:vTiBrJorv KOL TOU E:¢ (OTTlKli aUvTo~ll). onoeVnaK&IV: TeA. crtcpeuc., aVTlK. TOU i¢i. Toile; oa8evsie;: evv, OVTIK. TOU e¢ KOl urtox TOU arro8vr'!OKS1V. TaUT': urtok, TOU eativ Kat TOU e¢ (OTTlKli aUVTO~ll). TOOOUTO: xornvopoup. UTO TaUT'. WOT'_ .. tX&IV_ .. i5lapK~: OeUT. ouurtepcouorucq anapefJ£'panKrl rtpor. (unOK/KO ouurteooouo). onoyvoVTOC; ('" enav anoyvwrE:): XPOVlKrl fJTX. aUVlll-lfJ. 0'10 ew. UJ-laC; (= aVTIK. TOU e¢ Kat unOK. TOU nparrE:1V). fTpaTT&IV: TE:A. ortopeue., aVTlK. 0'10 t¢. UIJWV: yev. Olat· psr. UTO tKaoTOU. tnau~aVOVTa: KaTllyopl1fJar. fJTX. ana TO earl. 'Eav to&"-rJ0.,T&._. Kai [eov] Xp~0I10e& - av KT~aalo9& Kat. [a V] anaMay&fI1T&: npOaOOKWIJE;VO.

24

META4JPAEH

• nwc; eo enth8€l '1 '1elKTi KOl nOAlTlKTi avaytVVTlCITJ "lC; A9Tivoc;

• nOla '1 YVWIl'1TOU t.'1lloa9tVll vro TO geWplKQ

10

Eov AOlJtOV 'to'VAaxLO'IOV UXO[!l] XaL'twgu, ucpou unUAAUYEt'tE ana umEt; tLt; O'UVit8H£<;, 8£AitO£'t£ VU £xotgm£u£'t£ XaL VU £v£QY£LtE o.~LU rou ernrtou OU<;, XaL [scv] !lEtUXELQLO'tELLE umo. to. rrsQLOO£U!lma, nou 'VnaQXo'Vv OTIJV nOAl), 00<; !lEOU yta 'tl]v unox'tl]Ol) rorv aya8wv no'V ~QLOXOvtaL E~OO ana 'tl]V nOAl], LOWt; !-.lJtoQEhE vc anoxn)OE'tE XCtnOlO 'tEAEtO XaL !lEyaAo aya80 XaL vc ana"AuYELtE ana La tE'tOLOO d60'Vt; xEQ6YJ, to. ortoux !lOLa~o'UV ue tLt; 'tQoCPEt; no'V 6ivovtaL otouc a08EVELt; ana toix; ytatQou£. Turn XaL EXEtV££ ours DUva!lY] 6Lvo'UV (~o.~o'Vv !lEOU GLOO£ U08EVEt£) ours tou; acpitvouv vc nE8o.vo'Vv' [eroi] XaL aUto. rtou EOEL£ 'twQa xaQnwVEOtE, omE tOOO Ol)!lavttXo. ELVaL oxrte vc JtuQEX0'Vv xCtnma O'UVEXi] 00- cpEAELa, OO'tE may anaMaYELtE [cno ama ou£] acpitvo'Vv va Xo.VE'tE Xa'tl o.MO, aAAo. a'V~avo'VV JtEgLOOO'tEQO 'tY] Qa8'V!lLa ro» xa8£VO£ ana EOa<;.

EPMHNEYTIKA TOUTluV TWV t9wv: evvosl TIlV KOTGOTIOTOAI1Oll TWV 0l1lJomwv XPI1IJUTWV. Tait; ncplouaialt;: svvoei TG nepicosuucm TaU rtpounoxovrouou nou 1-l00pU~OVTOV oro "00 we; SewpLKa.. t~w ayaSe: evvoouvrcn UUIJIJOXOl, tmlUele; ... TeAclOV TI Kai lIeya aya90v: svvosi TIlV ovovevvncrj TWV ASl1vwv. tKcivo = ro orrin. TaUTO = Ta N7J-lJ-lara.

AJ:KOYMAI 1. anaMayeVTCt;, &VTi91l0IV, anOYVOVTaC;: Na OVTlKOTOmaSouv XPOVLKO KOL

va MlSOUV ornv npOmOKTlKJi TOU iOlOU xpOVOU.

2. KT~oalo9c, tvrf9l'JOIV, t{:l: No ovnxcrracroaouv eyMlTlKO.

3. nOlec; 8YMiu8le; ouvooeuet TO OUVIlTlKO dv;

EMnEMlNn Av6AuoI'J XPOVIKWV ~rx. OOpiOTOU os XPOVIKec; rrpor.

1. Eav 11 XPOVlKt1 1-lTX.. oooicrou OI1"wvel TO npOTCpoXPOVO cro napeA90v, ovcxuercn ce XPOVlKt1 npor. rtou srccvercn I-le TO tnd KOL eKqJtpeTOl I-Ie 0- PLaTlKJi OOpiUTOU. nX 'AvaoTac; =svocpwv elnev = 'Enei aveoTIl =svocpwv dne«. / 'EA9wv {] ispsue; l7uXeTO = 'Enci ~A9cv o iepet»; I7UXSTO. I Taura einoVToc; aUrou 01 cMAo( tat/3ovTO xol ouvnvou« = 'Enei autoc; cine muTO, 01 cMAOI tat/3ovTo xo! auvnvouv.

2. E6v 11 XPOVlKJi IJTX· ooptcrou OI1"WVel TO npOTepoxPOvo UTO !J&Mov, 0- VaAUeTQl os XPOVlKJi npor. nou erccvsror I-Ie TO tnav KQl eKqJepETOl ue unOTGKTlKt1 coolorou. nX 'Eav, .. anaMaY&VTe<; TOUTWV TWV t8wv t8sAryCT1JTS ... = 'Eav '" srrcv cmaMayflTc TOtiTWV TWV t8wv t8eAryCT1JTs." / '0 lepSUC; l7uxeTO ... dJv eovateoa 01 ADam i5e~a!Jtvouc; ottoiva «ai TOV 8sov aii5cogeVToc; = '0 ieoeuc r7UxSTO. .. dJv euvateoo 01 !tuam, tnav i5&~WVTOI onowa Koi TOV 8sov aii5eo9wol.

25

KEIMENO

l:HMEIA Kl\EI.l>.IA

• «oi ... dMn ytypamal

• onoiou; Mev: TO MeV OUOlQCITlKQ avf]KEl CITIl Kupla npor. «ai dMn ytyporrrOl

• WC; ... ttoseunoiov

• oicetro; .. rrolE:fv

o =&vo<pwvrac; O'Klaypa!p&l TO xapaKT~pa TOU KAtapxou !leTa TIlY &KTt"&O'~ TOU.

11

"HbYj bE cpuya~ orv (6 KAEaQXo~) EQxnm ltQo~ KUQov, xaL 6- noto«; usv AOyOl~ Elt£LO£ KUQov aAAn YEYQcunm, bLbwOL be ain::0 KUQo~ [lUQLOU£ baQ£lxou£' 6 bf Aa~wv oilX Eltt gq.8u~Lav E-t"Qcm£LO, an' (uta roirrorv 1"WV XQYj~('nwv aunfsa£ 01"Q(nfU~a EltOAf[lfL "tOt£ 8Qq.SL, xaL ~6.xn re EVLXnOf xaL ana toirtou b~ Eq:JfQf xal ~YE 1:ou't"Ou~, xaL ltOAE~WV bLtyfVE't"O ~fXQL KUQo£ ECEli8n LOU 01"Qmfu~aTO£' 1"01"E bf arrijA8Ev cD£ ouv EXELvq.> au ltOAE~i)OWV. Tcfrru ouv q:JtAOltOAE~OU ~Ot boxEi avbQa~ EQya slvoa, oott£ £sav [,lev dQrlVflV EXELV aVEU ataxuvllc; xaL ~A6.Bll~ aiQEhm rroAE~LEtV, ESOV be gq.8u~ElV ~OUA£tm novsiv wmE ltOAE~Elv, Esav bE XQrl~ma EXELV aXLVMvw~ alQEltm ltOAE~WV uetovo muta 1totELV' EXcLVO£ bt WOITEQ EL~ ltmCLXa 1\ ct~ anllV uvu ijoov~v i\8EA£ caltavCtv ct~ ltOAE~OV.

(=EVOCPWVTC, Kupou AvaJlaOl~, B', or, 4-6)

rAWaalKG 0, I') !puvc'ie; (ouoiorrr.) = 0 rtpoorpuvnc ! 0 Et;6plmOe;. IJUPIOI, -m, -a (apl8- ~llTLK6 onOAUTO) = oeKa xLAlOoee;. TptnOIJOI tni pf;l9ujJlav = orpeeoum crnv eUKOAll ~wl'j, ,0 pixvw ornv EUKOA11 ~Wtl. auMtvw= aUYKEV,pWVW. q>tpw Kai avw = [3Mmw, AEllAmW. i5laV1yvojJal noAEjJWV = nOAqlw auvexwe;, ocrouorrrrc, i5tojJal = txw ovaYKll, XPElO~Ollm. we; au noAEjJllawv = vic va apxlael KQlVOUPlO nOAEIlO. &~EOTI (crtpoo. pnuo) = enrroerteroi, slvoi ouvmo. Pf;l9ujJtw, -W = ~w OVETa. wan: nOAElJeiv = OPKE:l ~OVO va [3plaKf:laL OE noAqlO. eie; nali5IKo = yLO tPW'EC;.

EUVTaKTIKO q>uy6e;: KOTllYOP. aTO ew. 6 KAtapxoe;. WV (= ev r.P r'jv): xpOV. 1l'X. (OllAWVEl TO ouyxpOVO OLO napeJ...8ov). onoIOIe; ... Kupov: 11 nJ...oYlo epormucr. rtpor. unOK. OLD vevpotttor OLOV we0 Myo uercrpeneror OE: eusstc epdrrnon; ttoiOle; A6YOle; eneu»: Kupov; jJOI: ew. OOT. TOU nomr. orriou OLD vevporm». ,\6. VOLe;: 00l. OPYOVIKl'j. i5ii5wOl i5t ... i5apeIKOUe;: KUPLO rtpor.: oe 8a rtpsrter va uoc rtcpcoupet aTO XopOKT1lPlallO Tile; rtpornonc '1 8tOll TaU j.1EV nou npollyelTOl' unopet TO uev va ~ploKeTQl crnv nJ...0Ylo eptornucr. rtoor., OTIlV ouala o~we; avijKel OTIlV xupic «ai dAAn vevoarttcu. Aapwv (= ens! iAa{3Ev): xpOV. ~TX. tn! P99ul-llav: ellnpo8. rtpocotop. TOU oxortou. cma TWV XPI1IJOTWV: eunooa, rtpooorop, TOU ueoou. auMt~ae; (= ene! ouveAs~sv): xpov. ~TX. role ep9~f: OVTlK. OTO enoAe/-lel. lJoxn: 00l. opyavlKl'j. cma TOUTOU: e~npo8. npocoiop. TOU xpovou. noA&jJwv: KOTllyoPll~· 1l'X. ana ,0 oceytvsTo. fltXPI Kupoe; ... TOU aTpaTEujJaToc;: 11 xpov. noor, ollJ...wvel "TO ucrspojpovo. TOU orporeuunroc: aVTIK. 0,0 eosr']ery. we; noAel-lllawv: TeA. IlTX. TaUTO: urtox, TWV OOKE:r KOl elvcu (rcuronpootoruc). avi5pOC;: vt». unOK!Kl'j ana TO ipya. elval: EIO. oncoeue., aVTLK. OLO OOKSr. t~av (= sf «oi C~E:OTIV): eVaVTlW~OT. ~. noAejJwv: rooruxrt 1l'X. peiovo: KOTT]YOPOUIl. cro mum. WOTE noAEjJeiv: oupneoccucr. cnopeuqxrr. rtpor, (OllAWVEl ope, ncounoaeon). wDnep .. 1')i50- vllv: avocpop. napa[3oA. rtpor, 1lE: EW. TO etASI OanavQv.

26

METAcIIPAXH

·0 KAEOPXOe; orov Kupo

• nwe; iSlt8Ea& TO XPtlllOTO nou TOU tiSwae

• H noil.elllKtl TOU iSpOOTI] PlOTT]TO

• ASlOMy'lOT) TIle; ouurtepupoocc KOl TIle; iSpOOT)e; TOU

AJ:KOYMAI

EMnE4fiNn

EV&PV&ltc; IjIlAorroA&llou evrpc,

11

Kat EVW nMov (0 KAEaQX;O£) TJmv E~6QLOtO£, nTJYE OtOV KVQo' xm IlE note Myw EnHoE tOY KUQo to EXW YQ6.'WEL1 aMov. 0 KuQO£ nCtvt(O£ tOU Eb(oOE bExa XLAUibEC; baQELxovc;. Km a1Jtoc;, mpou rou; ni)QE (roo; baQELxou£), bE 01'Q6.cpr]XE otnv EUXOA11 S(OTJ, aM6., acpou auYXEVLQ(oOE orooro 11' am6. m XQTJllma, 6.QXLoEnoAEIlO EVavtLOV tWV 8Qaxwv, xm rou; vbt110E OE Il6.X11 xm coro 1'01'E ma LOU£ AE11AmovoE xm nOAEllouaE aOLaIl6.'tT]La (EVavtLOV 1:01)£) fJ,EXQL nou 0 KUQo£ XQH6.0'tT]XE 'W orooro. TmE AOLJtOV EqmYE coro XEL, YLa va aQXLOEL xmvoUQLO rr:OAEIlO lla~L 11' EXEiVOV. Am6. AOLnov VOIlLS(O nwc; ELvm EVEQYELE£ cpLAonOAEIlO1J av8Qwnotl, nou unoQEe va ~EL ELQ11vLx6. x(OQLe; vtoorcr] xm X(OQLe; xallL6. ~TJIlL6. XL OIl(OC; rr:QOLLIl6. tOY nOAEllo, xru (non !lJtOQE(2 va SEL ovetc, Xt OfJ,(Oe; 8EAEL va xoma~EL, aQxEL 1l0VO va X6.VEL rr:OAqw, xm (nou) IlITOQEL2 va EXEt XQTJllaW XWQLe; xtvMV01)C;, XL OIl(Oe; nQOLtll6. va ro AtYOOtEUEL x6.vovtac; nOAE).W. Exetvo; AOLnov ~8EAE vc La ~ObEUEL yta noAEl-tO on(O£ aXQLBwe; (Xarr:OLOe; 6.AAO£ 8EAEL vn tu ~ObEVEL) YLa rtm<:nxouc; EQWLEC; TJ yta xarr:ma 6.AA11 anOAa1JCJTj.

1. Tl511AWVOUV Ol ouunepoouor. rtpor, TOU TlJnOU WOTE + anaptl.l!p.;

2. 6fliwOI, &Tp6nETo: No y(vel eyKA.lTlKrl aVTlKOTOOTaOT].

napa~&iYlJaTa avaAu0rt<; IJ&TOXWV

1. OUTW AI1<P9tvn:t; 0w7X8ryoov: 11 I.IT):, elVOL XPOVlKi] KOL 511Awvel TO nporepoxpOVO OlO rtopexscv (= tn&i tA~<p911oav, ... ).

2. f;K naVTWV Tli)v tX6VTWV: 11 em8eT. I-lTX. aVaAUeTOl oe avacpoplKrl rtpor. (tK rrovrrcv TOUTWV 01 &XOUOI / &lxo'd.

3. xoi liIOnpa~6I-1EVOC; f;~errAet: 11 XPOVlKrl ~TX. 511Awvel TO rtporeoojpovo UTO napeA80v (= tnEi 61&np6~oTO ... ).

4. t~irrAel we; nOAEI-I~OWV: 11 TEAlKT'j 11T)(. aVaAUeTOl ce T£AlKT'j rtpor., '1 ortoia Myw TIle; £~6pTllOT]<; ana lUTOPlKO xpovo urtopsl va eKcptpeTOl Kat ue £UKTlKT'j TOU nMYlOU A6you (= .. .IVO noA&l-Irlon / noA&l-IrlO£IE T'j nOAEl-irlOal).

5. I-I&Toyv6VTEt; 01 tCPOPOI eneuxovro ... : 11 alTloAoYlKrl ~TX. aVaAUETOl oe QlTlOAOY. rroor. (= &n&161'1 I-IET&yvwoav ... ).

6. 6VTOC; rjOT] t(w ... f;nelpwvro: 11 xpovlKT'j ~TX. 0'1Awvel TO auyxpovo UTO napeA80v (tv til nv / OTE nv ... ).

7. Kaito: el toino tteiaei nvoc UJ.lWV, ill j3ouAr" T{ UJ.lCte;' KwAuSI f;J.lOU ocpsAiaeQl TCJV oj3oAov we; UYIO{VOVTOC;: '1 alTlOAoYlKf] ~TX. AOYO) TOU we;' 0I1AWVEL unOK/KT'j ornoxovto ( ... Wt; uYlofvw).

1. Km" ME,t'): tXEI vpa<peL aMou

2. AnoowoQIl& m; EVQVTlW~m. liT)( t~ov lie KUP'O PrillQ KQI TO awotcrollE I.IE TO pnuoro TWV nporucecov I'E TO KG' ouosc (I.IETCII:rrOGll).

27

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KIIEI.o.IA

• roic Ael)vaiOle; .. ,

~),& ... napeo u;

• Koinep ... 66E;aoa

• teopu{3el, ei ...

• m).J1ryoouOI ... nJ..eiv

• ipr;IJov vewv

• iE; rje; rrAdw ij [iK} me; ATTlKr)£;,.

IuvrpljJ~ TOU athlVaiKou OToAou t~w r;m6 TO .!.1!lOVI TIl<; EptTpla<;.

Anoorcerc TIl<; EujJola<; ana TOU<; A6llvoiou<; (411 n.X.).

12

TOL£ bE 'A8llVULOLl; W£ ~A8E to. nEQL -rtlV EU~OlUV YEYEVllflEVU, £xn;All~t£ f..tEYL<J'tll biJ tWV 1tQiv 1tuQE<Jtrj. OtTn: yo.Q ~ EV tii rtXEAi<,X Sufl<:P0QU, XUlnEQ flEyuAl] rote M~u<Ju elver, OU'tE aUo oubEv 1tW oii'tw£ ECPO~ll<JEv. "Onou yo.Q <JtQut01tE.bou tE tOU EV rUWr a<:pEOtrjX01:0£ aAAOJv 1:E VEWV OUX ouotov oMt: twv ta~llCTOf..tE.vOJV UtJ1:WV 1:E CT'tUOlU~OvtWV xuL abllAov OV ortote CT<:piCTLV umOL£ ~uQQU~OUCTL, 10- CTUUtll iJ ~Ufl<:POQo. E1tEY£yEVlltO, EV n VUU£ 1:E xuL to flEyt01:0V Eii~OWV CxnOJAWAEXEOUV, E~ ~£ nAELW 11 Lii£ 'ArrtXll£ WCPEAoiJvtO, nw£ oux Elxo'tW£ ~8UflOUV; M6.ALO'tU b' UtrtOU£ xuL bt' Eyymu'tou E80- Qu~Et, sl ot nOAEflLOl 'toAfll']CToum VEVLXllXOTE£ Eu8u CT<:pWV EnL tOV ITElQuu'i EQllJ1.0V ovrn VEWV 1tAELV' xuL OOOV oux l1bll EVOJ1.L~OV au'tou£ naQELvm.

(eouKu1.ii61], eo, 96, 1-3)

rAwaalKG w~ ~Aa£ = we; ryyyeAen· tKnAr,~I~ = KUTOnA'lSI1, TPOIlOC;, naVlKOC; I tKnA1]~Ie; ttapeotn = emKpOTfJO£ naVlKOC;. orrou (£OW QlTlOAOYlKO) = coou, En£lOrl. OTpOTon£liov = crprrreuuc, rrrpcroc. oi &OPr,OO~£VOI = TO nAllPWIlOTQ. ouppaoow = cuvxpououor. ~ ~u~lPopa &n£y&y&vr,TO = ouvesn mlTlAeOV, rlp8£ va rrpocreaet, 11 ouueooc. lil' e:yyUTtlTOU = nOAu oueco. OOOV OUK 1')l}r, = ana cnvun ce crnvun.

IUVTaKTIKa Toic 'Aer,vaiol~: QVTlK£Ll1o aTO rjAee Kal aTO napeatn. Ta y&ysvr,lJ&va: unox, TOU rjAee (OTTlKTl aUVTaSl1). n.,1v npiv: Y£v. OtOlPeT. ana TO J.1ey{oT1]. Kain&p lio~ooo (= ei «o! too~e): evcvuoucr. J1lX. aUVllIlI1: TO «airtep ouvooeuer EVQVTlWIlGT. J1lX. lJ&yaAq: xcrmvopouu. aTO ~uJ.1rpopa. slval: eto. onaptf.lcp., aVTlK. aTO oo~aaa. "Orrou ... alir,Aov ov - TOOOUTr, ... tney£y&vr,TO: OWT. alTlOAOYlKrl rtpor. CUP£OTr,KOTOC;, OUOWV, (TWV eo{31]OOJ.1eVWV [ovrwv)), OTOOIO~OVTWV, (dc51]Aov) ov: XPOVlKtC; IlTX., anOAUTe<; 11£ urtox. ro otporonsoou, vewv, TWV to{3n00J.1eVWV, aLfrWV (= rwv :4B1]vaiwv), errors ... ~uppaE,ouOl aVTLaTDlXa. OnOT£ ... ~uppa~OUOI: iSEUT. nAOYlQ EpWTfJf.lOT. rtpor., urtoxelu. aTO di51]AOV 6vo o<piolv aUToic;: aVTlK. 010 ~uppaE,ouOl. TO ~tYIOTOV: npoesayyeATlKrl nap08EOfJ aTO Eu{30lQV arrwAwMKeaav. nAsiw (= nltEiovae; wrpeJteiae;): aUaTOlXO aVTlK. UTO wcpeAouvTO. &~ ~~, [&K] Ti'l~ 'ATTlKft~: ef.lnpo8. npoooiop. nov 011AWVOUV npoexeuon. il &K Tft~ 'ATTlKftC;: W eeoc aUYKplOfJC;· nwc; OUK SiKOTWC; .,OUIJOUV: KUPlO npor., eu8da epWTfJOfJ. ei oi noAtlJlOI ... nAeiv: i5£UT, OlTlOAOY. rtpor, unoaenxnc OlTlOAOYLOC; ana TO teopu{3eJ. V&VIKI1KOT£C; (= errclory eveVIKr,Kcoav): OlTlOAOY. f..lTX- aUVlll1f.1. ovro (= De; rjv): E' m8eT. IlTX. ouvrjuu. aTO TOV nelPQlQ· V£wv: ve», aVTlK/Krl aTO epfjJ.10V, TO 0- nolo etvoi xcrnvopouu. aTO rov nelpacd. nA£iv: TeA. onopeuq», QVTlK. aTO tosunccoo: aUTOUC;: urtox .. aTO rrapeivQl (ereportpootomn), TO ortoio sivm elo. cncpeue., QVTlK. UTO tvoJ.1c(ov.

28

METACII'PHH

• To crUiJ.(lavTO CJTI]v Eu(lOlo

- rpouoxpotouv nccc no'\u KOl cnoscpouvouv roue AST]voloue;

! vurn:

- 0 crpcroq o-rll La\J.o ...

- n'\T]pWllmO KOl n'\oio ...

- dxov iJ.ETO!;U laue; 5tX6vOlO - e:[xov Xo.OEl 10 Moio KOI TT]v EU(lOlO

- CP0!30UVTOV e:ni8EOf] KOlO TOU netpata

Al:.KOYMAI

EMnEAnNn

12

'Otnv avaYY£A8Tp~aV O'tOUS AOllVaLOUS rn OU!-l~aVLa Otr]V Eu~Ola, f1tLXQaL'llOE naVLx.Os !AfYaAmEgOS coro Xa8E aMov nQOllYOU!-lEVO. nmL OU'tE II ouWpoga otr] ~LxEALa, av xrn 'tous cpaVT]x.E tr] mLY!-ll'j Ex.dYT] OTJ!-laYux.l'j, cure tLnOLE aMo !A£XgL .T] oUY!-ll'j Ex.dYT] DEY tOU£ ELXE 'tgof.lOxQatijOEl 't000 noM, natL Jt(DS DEY dXay AOyouS va flT]v fLvm an08aQQT]fl£vOL, a<pou 0 OtQaLO£ OtTJ ~a!-lo' eiXE anoO'tatijoEl (tm DEV' unl'jQxav aMa nAoLa OmE nAllQwf.tata, x.m OL LDLOL (OtT]V A8l'jva)1 ~gLaxoVLay OE DLamaOTJ xml l'j'tav ayv(f)OLO note 8a ouyx.Qoumouv !-lEta~U tou; x.m auv£~T] EnI.JtA£OV OE '[000 I-!EYaAT] £x.LaOT] II ouflcpoga autij, x.ata tijv onoic ELXav XaoEL ta reAoLa xrn, LO ol10UDmotEgo, rnv Eu~oLav, uno 'tT]V 0l10La ElXav !-lEYaAu,[Ega OCP£AT] reaQa coto LT]V AnLxl'j. Iloonnvto; O!-l(f)S xm noM a!-lcoa lOU£ aVT]ouXOUOE T] mOavotT]ta va tOA!-ll'joouv oi EX8gOL, f1tELDl'j ELXav VLX.l'jOEl, va nAEuoouV EvaVLLOV taus crov ITELQma, 0 onotoc l'jmv X.EVOS coto reAoLa· !-laALOla VO!-lL~aV OU uno 01LYI-ll'j OE O'tLYfll'j aUtOL (or EXOQOL) rrAllOLa~ouv.

1. To srttaero KOI TO ernppnpcro va vpcoouv rrrov aVTimOLXo rune TWV OAAwv ~08~wv,

2. 01 OVO~OTIKOi PTlI..lOTIKO[ rurtoi va cvnxcrccrcaouv.

AnoAuTIl ~tTOX~

AtY&Tal 11 ~eToXli 111e; onokic TO unoxelpevo bev eXel OAAll OUVTOKTIKli 8eOll ueon crnv rtpor. (elver uovo ortoxetuevo 111e; IJTX.),

AnaVTC] oe mw011:

a} OVOPQOTtKr] (11 OUVTO~1l oUTJi sivcn noM ortovrc- XOpOKT1lpl~eTOl we; ouVTOKTIKJ'j ovoKoAou8io), nX 'EA9wveyw (OVTi: sAe6vTQ YlO va ou~cpwvf]oer 1..1£ TO pS) exeiae, ouoeic tu: Mi~oTO.

[3) YE:VIKf} (elver 11 rno OUVll810~eVll 1l0PCPJ'j anoAu111C; f.ITX' £[VOI IJTX. npoawmKWV onucrcov): TlX atoatotteoou O!pEOTI'JKOTOc; ... rj ~UPCPOP6. encveveIfr]TO. EivOl buvOTov 0IlWe; ilia lleToXli nou 80 urtooouos vo eivOl ouvnuIlev'l, ylO e~ap011 TOU VOJ'j~OTOe; 111e; va Te8el ce yevlKJ'j ortoxurn: nx XPI]uauav yap anopia QUTOUC:; eKTpUXWOE:lV, OMwC; TS «o! ,.. 9aAaoooKpaTOUVTWV ([3A. OUVTOKTIKO 8eI..lOTOe; 20),

y) amanxn (T[8£101 Kuplwe; 11 IJTX. 1WV cnpoodnuov prU..lclTWV KOi eKcpp60£wv Kat onOVIO rtpoctoruxov- rt.x, KQi olil'JAov OV ... rj ~UPCPOPQ trrE:y£yeIfr]TO I E~OV Pgeupsiv {3ouMrOl rrovslv.

1. MeTOCPpaOQ(.IS TI~ xpOVIKt~ (.IT)(. [J.S p~(.IQ Kat oc napmQKTLKD [JUVOSOll (.Ie TO p~(.Ia TT(, mno'\0YIKli, noor. (errcycy';VI]TO) .

29

KEIMENO

rHMEIA KlIEllI.lA

• 'HYOUJ./Qi OUK avo· ITOAwAivOl c:1AAa [av] asi5wKiVQf

• alToAoyouJ./ivwv".

GKOUOQl

• rtsp! wv dv.; 1/lT]<pi· onoee

• oittvec dv., J./r7 TV· XWOi OKpOOOSWe;

• we; ... arrOI/lT]l{Ilsioee

• QV". Ciei5wKivQf

13

'Hvoiiuru b', w avbQE~ 'A8'Y}valoL, ovb' el [.l~ nQ08EvrE~ alrwl~ xQLmv, ~ cmoAoyOlJ[.lEVWV f.l~ £8Ef.:lloavrEt; CtXOUom, XmmpT)cpto6.uevoi trirv ECJX6.tWV tLf.l~aam, ovx av CtXQLtOU£ aVtOuc:; CtnOAWAEVal, aAAO. t~V nQo~X01JaaV OLXYlV OEOWXEVaL. OU yo.Q omm aXQltOL eloi, nEQL cDV av u!-lElc:; ELoD-tEC:; to. nQaX8Evra 'l.j.tYlcpLOl108e, aAA' OhtVE~ av uno tWV EX8QWV Ola~AYl8EvrEC:; neQL cDV u!-lelc:; !-l~ tate, 0.XQOo.OEWC:; !-l~ TUxwm. Totmov bE to. !-lEV ltQ6.Y[.lma xmYlyoQel, uf.lEl~ ()E xma[.laQtuQEltE· xal 0'0 tOUtO OEomxa, c.b~ £o.v aXQoao8E avtwv ano'l.j.tYlcpLeL08E· aAA' oux av ~you!-lm outou; OLXYlV a~Lav oebwxEvat, d aXQoao6.!-levm amwv xata'l.j.tT)cptomo8c. ITwe:; y6.Q, W avoQeC:; olXaOtat, oIc:; OV()E tama xal, U!-lLV OUf.lcpEQH;

(t\uafo, KaTe EmKpeTOUC; KOI TWV IUIITTp&all&uTwv, 8-9)

rAWaalKG npoTi9rllJi TIVI KpiolV = q>epvw KanOLOV ere iSlKOo-rilPlO, KaTaljll')cpi~olJai TIVOe; = KOTo5lKa~W KanOlOV. TIIJW TIVI TWV taxaTWV (yev. TIle; noivnc) = KQlaiSlKO~W KOnOlOV OTrlV tOXOTllIWV nOlVWV, iSTlA. oe 8avQTo. OKpITOe; = a5(KOmOe;, aUTOe; nou KOTaOlKa~e-rQl xwp(e; va KPl8e[ I xwpie; va OlKaOlel, C5iK'lv i5ii5wIJI = Tl~WpO(1I10L aKpoaoEWe; TUYXavw = neTuxo(vW oxpooon, uou 5(vsrrn Tl iSuvQToTllla va onoAoYTl8w, onoljll')cpr~olJai TIVOe; = o8wwvw «morov.

:EUVTGKTIKG ei III'J npo9tvrEe; ... TIIJ~aalTE: iSwc un08E:T, npor, (TO oui5' ue npOa8E:TlKr, 0Tjunoto: Tl OPVflTlKr, TaU an~OO(O enOVaAO~~Ove-rQl 01'0 OUK QV aKpiTDvc; ... ) ue an6000TjlQ OUK dv onoAwMvol (= OUK dv anoAwAoTec; ei'e0 KOl [Qv) oeOWKSVQl (= OeowKoTec; dv ei£0: anAi) aKtLjJ'l. IJI'J npo9tvr&C;, IJI'} t9EMoavrEe;: Ol 'rpornKte; i-ITX, npoaolopi~ouv TIl xpov. - un08E:T. I-ITX. KaTal/J1')tploa{levOl (ei / snei KQiOl/J1')tpioQla8e [uno8.) - ef tumoaae [crtoo.]: unCtM'lAOe;* unossr. A6yoe; TIle; 0- nAr,e; OKtLjJ'le;). cnoxovou lJ&vwv: KOTTlyoP'll-laT. I-ITX. ana TO clKOUOOi. omwv: ew. unox. TIle; I-ITX. Kat OVTIK. TOU oxouoiu (OKOUW + yev. + KCITTJYOp1'){laT. /-lTX. = 0- peon OVTLNllIi'l). amoue;: unox. TWV QV anoAwMvor Kat dv oeowKSVOl (TO eliS. 0- nopt~q>. OVTLK. TOU rjyOrJ{lOI). oKpiTOUe;: eruoonpcrr. KOTTlYoP. rportou. rtspi wv av ... tJI'lcpiOTl09& I OITIVEe; av ... i5laI!AI')9tVT&~ - aKpoOa&We; IJI1 ruXW01: OL iSuo nvorpop- unoser. rtpor. txouv onoooon TO QKprroi elm (OOPIOTll enOvOA'lLjJ'l 01'0 ncoov Kat 10 ~tMov). EiC50T&l; (= snelorj (aTe): OlTlOAOY. I-ITX. i5lapA.,StvrEe; (= QV KO! olo{3A1')f}WOl): eVOVTIWl-laT. I-ITX. Tel npaYIJOTO: unox. TOU KC1ITJyopei (ornKr, aUVTOSIl)· aUTWV: OVTlK. TOU oKpoda8e Kat IOU anol/J1')tplefafJe. aKPOaaaIJEVOl (ei I ens! OKPOaOQla8e [urtoe.] - ei KQTQl/J1')tpioOla8e [ono5.): unCtM'lAOe;* unoesr. Aoyoe; TIle; OnAr,e; OKtLjJ'le;). nwe; yap ... = nwc; yap CrVOUrOI oiKfJV o~iov OeowKorec; £lev, ei aKpOOOa{leVOI o0Twv KaTol/J1')tpioolo8e, OIC; ... oV{ltpipel;

30

• YllilM~l..o un08ETl<0 Myo tXOU~8 orov uto uno8ETl'~ IlpOT. EX'l w<; allOcoOll <'11Ii\r] unoBETlKn rtpor. iI oMKAI1PO unoBETlKO I..oyo. nx: "'{'OUIl"V, ei Ilev TIVO 6POT" "wIT/piav ~Ilfv, eov O'QKOPT"PWIl"V nOMI1OUVTe" o,Oci~Q1 Koi nllar; (I] Un08ET"TJ npor. liav OIOKopTepWIlCV ... exe, ortoooon TllV enlonc un08ET. npor. ei ... opore ... [anoi5oOll TaU ei ooote dVOl TO a~IOU!1ev o,od~o')).

METAcj)PAl:H

• nw<; 1:atPU:l~El va 1:1- IlWP1l8ouv Ol Kal:TjyOpOUIJEVOI

• Amoi\OYTJOTl TWV rtponvoupevov

• Ornv lJv..av€ 1:Q epya, rc i\6Yla ncorr- 1:&UOUV

AIKOYMAI

EMnE4flNn

H Tlllwpfa "OU Talpuli;EI Kal a~f~el orouc KOTllYOPOUIl&VOUe; elval va 13·. nesevcuv xwpfe; va (!iIKOO'TOUV Kal xwpfe; va anoAoYll6ouv.

'Exw t'Y] YVW~ll, aVl{)E~ A8y]vaLOl, JtW~ amOL OE 8a ELXav 8ava'tw8d XWQL~ va OLx.ao'toUv, aUa 8a ELXav 'tl~WQ1l8d oJtw; '1:OUr; tntQLa~n, aXO~ll XaL Ot'Y]V JtEQi,mWOY] rtou 'tour; Em~aAAmE t'Y]V EOXat'Y] rcov JtOlVWv, aqJou rou; x.maOlx.a~atE XWQL~ va 'tour; CPEQftE ore Olx.aan']QLa 11 XWQLr; va 8EA110EtE vc 'tour; aXouOEtE vc aJtOAOYOUV'taL. natL OEV x.maOlx.aSOvtm XWQL~ va xQl80uv EXELVOl Yla TOUS OJtOLour; EOEL~ EVOEXO~EVW~ cotoqxiotoere mELOl1 YVWQLSEtE ns JtQaSElr; LOUS, aAAa OJtOLOl EXOUV oux.ocpavtrj8EL' urto LOUr; Ex8Qour; YLa JtQay~ata Jtou WEL~ OE YVWQLSEtE X.L ouo»; OEV LOUo::; oi,vnm 11 OuVatot'Y]'TU va aJtOA0Yl1S0UV. Atrtoo; o~w~ EOW tou; x.at'Y]yoQouv tn LOLa La YEyOVOLa, EVW £odS aJtAa Xata8ETE'tE ~aQL'UQLa evovttov 'touo::;' x.m bE cpo~a~m mrto, ~~Jtwr; OllAaOl1 'tour; aSwwOEtE av rou; oxcuoere IlE JtQOOOX1l' aUa VOIlLSW JtWS aUtOL 610 Sa ELxav 'tl~WQllSd oJtWS tou; a~L~EL, orqv m:Qi,mwOY] nou tOU~ Xma6lXa~mE aqJou toix aX.OUOEtE ~E JtQoaoXl1. AA~SEla, X.UQlOL CLx.amEr;, [av roo; x.ma6tx.asatE acpou tou; oxouoetc], moo::; [Sa dxav 'tL~wQ11SEL oJtwo::; rou; a~Lt:,n aUtOL] us 'tour; onoiotx; bEV EXEt10 Xal tn LOla OUIlCPEQOV'ta;

1. npo9Evn:c:;, OKOUOOl, KOTCIjJ'ltpIOOjJ£VOI: No Ylvel XPOVlKri aVTlKQT.

2. iOT£, oKpoa09t: Na cvcvvopicrrouv ypoIlIlOTlKWC;.

1. noMtC; ipOptc; TO IJ~ (= Ilrinwc;) rtou elooyel eVCiOlOITTlKte; rtcorcos«; 0- VTlKo6lmOTOL KupiwC; ana TO onwc:; jJ" (= llT]nwc;) KOL rno ortcvio ana TO sl, OTI,. we; .. LTlC; neourreoac ourec 01 nporcceiq 1l0~1 118 Til OflIJOOIO TaU eVOOI00I-l0U 0I1AWVOUV KOI Tflv lCilaln:PI1 onucoto TWV cuvosoucov OUTWV. nX «oi au Toum i5&liOIKO, we; aUTwv anOI/J'7({Jfcfoee I eyw ou li&i50IKC £i lPiAmnoc; (fl.

2. AvoAuOIl i5uvIlTIKOU onCp&jJcpcTOU

To OUVTJTlKO cnopeue. tooouvouei pe OUvryT1Krj OPIOTfKrj Ii 1-18 OUvryT1Krj euKTfKrj. nX

o) e! /lr'J oeiouoc tyevem, OUK dv uot OOKe[ TO. rorotrro ~ujJl3i'Jval (= DUK elV ~uv&I3I')).

~) aUK av r,yOU/-lQt autouc OiK'7V a~iav liEliwKEval (= OUK i'lv litliwKOTEe;

elev), ei. .. KQTQI/Jr}({JioaroGe.

nAPATHPHIH: LTfl uerorporm TOU OUVI1T. oncoeue. OE CiUVTJT. OplOT. ri OUvnr. EUKT. IJOe; j3011608l TO lOIO TO xeluevo. 'ETOl, cro 0' rrupo08lYIlO, TO Ei + OpIOT. IOTOp. XPOVOU 6tAel ortooocn OUVTJTlKT] OPIOTlKT] (1lT] npovuoruco), evw cro W napOOEIYIJO. TO ti + EUKT. 6EAEl OUV'lTlKT] WKTtKL') (OnAT] OKtljJl1).

1 MOTo<ppacrQ~e rnv evaVTlW~QT. ~1X. o,a!3i.ryBivro<; ~O P1)flQ <Q. TTl ouvosooue ue TO pi; nixwU/v uc TO «KOI 6~w,,, (fl£TOOTaOT]).

31

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KJlEI.o.IA

• sxateoou TWV TSlXWV

• nepi ... n7<;' Kara/YKOrplj<;, TWV TEIXWV

• Aliyel 6TI... rrOll'rael

• OiOlTO ... eoonoeoeo.

o I\uafa<; <PWTI~CI m C5mAwjJaTlKcl Kal noAITIKa ycyov6Ta JJCTel Til C1UVTPI!lil TWV A8'lvaiwv aTOU<; Aly6<; norcuouc (405 n.X.).

14

"OtE ~ Jl{lWtr) EXXATjo[a JLEQ\' tile; dQllvTje; EYLYVETO, xai olnaQa AaXEbaLlWv[wv ilXOvtEe; f.AEYOV ECP' ole; EwqlOi dEV nlv dQl)vT]v nOLELo8m AaXE()aLJ-t0VLOt, Ei xmaoxacpdTj nDV 'tHXWV 'tWV ~axQwv Ent ()€xa ma()La EXm€Qou, tors UJ-tELe; 'tE, W aV()QEs 'A8TjvaLOL, OlJX 'llVEOXE'tE axoUOavtEe; nEQl 't{DV tELXWV tile; xmaoxmplle;, Kssoqxev 'tE un€o uJ-tWv nrrvtorv avaotas avtELnEV ruc; OU()EVL lOOm)) OLOV 'tE E'LTj nOLELV tmrto; Mete 6E Lama eTjQaJ-t€vTjC;, Em~ouAEuWV tcj.J nAlj- 8u tcj.J U~EtEQ<.p, Ctvamae; MYEL Ott fav mrrov EATjo8E nEOl tile; dQljVT]C; nQEO~WtllV au'tOxQa'toQa, nOLljOEL WO'tE J-tl)'tE 'tWV 'tELXWV ()LEAELV ~lj'tf: aMo 't~v nOAtV EAa't'tWOaL J-tTjOEV' olorto ()E xal aMo n aya80v naoa AaXE()aLJ-t0VlWV 'tfl nOAEL EUollow8m.

(Avoia, KaTc, AYQP(ITOU, 8-9)

rAWOOIKG 01 napa AOKe501~oviwv tjKovree; = ourol nou e:iXav epS€l we; cvrmpocxorrot TWV 1\0K€Oaq.lOv[wV, Ol On€aTaAlleVOl TWV l\oK€oall..loviwv. KOTaOKCIlTTOlJai = YKP€lll~OIlOl, KOT€OQ(pl~Ollal. aviOTa~al = O11KWVOIlOl, ov€~aivw aTO ~tlIlO. OIOV T' tOTI = sivcn OUVOTO. tnrj30uAeuw (+ C50T.) = aKe<pTOllat, ax€OLO~W KOKO vto «moiov. np&oj3euT~e; OUTOKPCTWP = npea~wT1ie; ue OnOAl..fTTl €Eouoto, ue «ev AEUKW» e~oumoooTTlO11. 510lPW TOu TeixoUC; = YKpq..li~w eva uspoc TOU TElXOUC;.

%UVTOKTIKG "OTe I'J npWT'l ... tyiyveTo I Koi ... tAeyov: Ol OUO XPOVlKtC; npor, rtpocoiopi~OUV TO Ton; (= OUK riVSOXeTt: QKOUaOVTEX;) .KOl 01lA.WVOUV TO ouyxpOVO (OUIl-

mUOOOIl€V€e; a€ )(povlKee; IlTX· Y(VOVTOI: Tii~ rrpwT77~ eKKA'1a{o~ YlYvopevf1C:

I KOt TWV ttaoa J1.0KEX501J-l0viwv r]KOVTWV Acyovrwv). tIP' oie; AOK&i5aIIJO-

VIOl: 11 nxcvic eporrrurcrr. rtpor. (ll€pIKtle; ovvoicc) OVTlK. TOU tAt:yov (wSu<; MyoC;: en! tioiv etotuoi eiot» ... ). tIP' Ole;: €llnpo8. noocoioo. nou 01lA.WveL 0- po ri ouuqxovto. nOlei0801: cncpeuo. TTle; ovcocpnc orto TO STOtJ-lO~ ri OU- 1 . .InAripwlla aTO £TOlJ-lOt elev. &i KOTooKa<p&il') ... £KaT&pOU = ei «ataoxatpeir; tni 5&KO OT0i'510 (urtox.) tKaT&pOU (y€v. OlOlP€T.) TWV T&IXWV (y€v. oLOlpeT.) TWV J-lOKPWV (ernser. rrpocotop.): 0 onoasr. MyoC; aTOV wSu Myo: eQV KOTOaKOcpf7 ... - £TOtJ-lOt dey nOlt:laeOt = etoiuox; rrOtWVTOl (npoaooKwllevo). 6- KOUOaVT&~: KOTl1yoPIl~OT. I-ITX. ana TO rivSOXt:Tt:. untp iJ""WV: eunpos. npooOlOp. nou OI']AWV€l aVTLnpOaWneu011. avaoT6~ (= enei QvSaT77): XPOVlKri IlTX., ouvrjpu, (npOT€poXPOVO aTO napeA.Sov). w~ oui5&vi... TOUTO: 11 elotKri rtpor. aVTlK. TOU QVTt:lnev' aTOV sueu Myo: oui'5t:vi tpotup OIOV T' ean rrott:fv mum. tmj3ouA&uwv (= e! KOt ent:f3ouAt:ut:v): svcvtuou. IlTX. tav OUTOV ... OUTOKpOTopa: 11 unoeer. noor, eX€1 on600011 TO OTt nomos: (e~apTIlIl£VOe; unoSET. A6yoe; TOU npoaaoKwjJevou' aTOV wSu Myo: sav sJ-li; £A'1aes ... , nouiCJw). WOTC IJ~TC ... 51eAeiv IIJ~Te ... tAOTTWOOI: ouo ouurtepcourrnxec ortcceucor. npor. nou 01lA.WVOUV TIlV npounoascn, TOV opo TIle; EnlTUXLOC;. TWV TCIXWV: OVTlK. TOU ott:)"efv. eup~ocoeCl: ela. ortopeue., aVTlK. TOU oiotto.

32

METAeitPAXH

• H croon TWV A6Tjvolwv orov opo nov AOKEOOI~ovlwv Via KOTompOlpr] TWV TEIXOlV TOUe;

• H creon TOU lO.E:o<pOlVTO

• ME: note rroourtoeeOf] KOI ~E rtoiouc 6- poue; ctnc 0 0Tjpo~t\lT]e; OTI 60 KaTO<ptPEI va auvo\jJE:1 E:IPr]\IT] ~E roue; AaKEOall.lOvlouC;

nKOYMAI

EMnEAnNn

H OT(lOI1 TWV A6l1voiwv, TOU KAEoquilVTQ KGI TOU 011POIIEVI1 orouc 14· opoue; TWV AOKEi501lloviwv Via ElprjVI1_

'Otrrv YLVotaV rJltQOm] O'UVE)..EUO'YJ LOU Aaou YLa LrJV ELQtlVrJ XaL OL EXltQOOWltOL / altW1aAf.U~VOL LWV AaxEbaq.wvLwV eAEyav I-tE ltOLOU<; OQOU<; OL AaxEbaqlovLOL tltav ltQ08Ul-t0L va xavouv ELQtlVrJ, av XataatQEcpOVLaV OAOOXEQW<; to xa8Eva cero ta l-taxQ6. LEI,X'I'I 010 EXLaO'YJ btxa Ot6.bLa', tOLE XaL OEL~, 6.vbQE<; A8rJvaLOL, bEY aVEX-rtlxrrts va cxouoecs YLa Tf)v xatEb6.CPLO'YJ tON tHXWV, XaL 0 IawcpwVLa<; lttlQE to A6yo XaL yta AoyaQtaOI-tG GAmV oa~ 11QoBaAE nvnoQtlOH<; AEyOvta~ 11W~ /AE xcvsvc tQ0110 bEY tltav buvato va XaVEtE mrru. 'YOtEQa an' ama 0 8rJQaI-tEV'I'I~, IlOAOVOtL ELXE EX8QLXa oxebta yta La b'l'llloxQanx6 oa~ ltoAhEUl-ta, Jt~QE to A6yo XaL EL11E OtL av tOY EXAESEtE ltQwBEUttl tAE «EV AEUXW» ESOUOLObotfJO'YJ YLa tfJ O'Uval.lJrJ ELQtlvT]~, 8a ta xmacpEQEL2 I-tE tOY oQo OUtE va YXQEI-tLOEL I-tEQO<; rou TElXOU<; OmE va l;T]I.uwon tT]V nOAT] OE xcn aUo- niOcEUE ax0tAT] Ott 8a EsaocpaALOEt coro tOU~ AaXEbaLIlOVLOU<; XaL x6.rtoux aUT] wcpEAaa YLa Tf)V 110A'I'I.

1. KaTaaKacpsir" I1veO)(&T&, tA'laes: No YIVE:l E:YKAlTlKi] OVTlKOToOTOOTj_

2. I'IveO)(&T&: Tt rtcpcrnpstc OTTlv OU~l1OTj 1'OU pi]I-lOTOC;;

1. To urtoxeiusvo TOU ortcpeuccrou TWV OE:UTE:pWOUaOlv ortcpeuqxmsrov nporucseov (rrpiv + aTTape!JQl., wan: + OTTOpej..lQl_, tljl' c!> i] tcp' c!>T& + aTTapej..lQl.) 0) E:oV OVr1K&l OnOKAelOTlKO aTO cncceuqxrro KOI iSE:v unoPxe:l r1 &WOelTOl crnv rtporcon e:E,oPTIlOl']C;, Tl8E:TOl oe mOlOI'] orncnxn- n.x. 6Aiyov, ttpiv ~jJac; amcvo; IJOX'1 eyeyovsl tv Tf1 nOTroai9 (TO urroxelu. OlOtpOPE:TLKo) I KAeapxoc; rjAauve:v eni TOU MsvwvoC;, war' tKC'VOUC; tmsrrAr'jXeOl «ai at.iT6v Mevwva rptxslV ett! TO 6rrAa (TO UnOKE:LI-l. OlatpopE:TlKO,)" 13) e:OV O&V avi]KE:l anOKAE:LOTLKo OTO OnapEI-l<POTO. aMo UnoPXE:l r1 E:WOE:1TOI OTllV npOTOOl'] &E,o.PTIlOl']C;, £WOE:1TOl - oev ortovro - TO (OlO KOI 0TTl iSwTE:pE:UOUaa oncpeuqxrrucj npOTOOl']' n.x- ;1tye:rat 'AAKt/3laOI7t:;, ttpiv SiKOOl srwv elvoi, nsplKAs[ TOlaoe olOil.e:XefjvOl nepi voiuav CAAKII310i5'1e;: E:VV. unOK. KOI TOU dvat) / CPUVQl 6 Kispoc; i\.tye:TOI cptAOTlPOTOTOt:;, ware: ttavta rrovov aVQTAfivQt (KupoC;: E:VV_ unos. KOI TOU dvaril.fjvQl).

2. nOpE:V8E:TLKE<; rtporuos«; OV KOl aUVmKTLKO E:lvOL KUpLE:C;, OTOV nAOYLO "A.6- yo &KqJepOV1"aL 1-lE: WK1'lKrl TOU nAOYLOU r..oyOU· aUTO aUI-lI301vE:L, orov npollydTOL rtporcon nou E:LOOYE:TOl I-lE TO OTi r1 we; KOL &KtpepE:TOL j..IE: EUKT~K1'] TOU nA.6YLOU Myou 1'] oncvic 1-lE: OPlOTLKi). H napE:V8E:'tLKi) npOTOOT"J anOTE:r..d auveX&LQ TOU noonvouusvou, n.x. Mysl OTI nouioe: OiOITO oe .. _ LTi}V ouoic eWO&iTOL Aiye:1 OTt .. _ (TO Aiysl E:ivOL LOTOPLKOC; E:VE:OT.)

1. Kure ht.~~: OV «rrccrpeeotov o}"OOXepwS tKTOOT] nepinou atKa maoiwv ono TO Ka9tvQ orro TO ~aKpa Td)(Tl.

2. El\eugepo: 90 TO ~y<lA£1 rTepa XWP"; va liexrei vo yKpe[lioel ...

33

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KAEIAIA

• 01So1Koaavro (yvwlllKac; oop.)

• OI06VTE:C; OiKac; TWV OO!KryJ.lOrWV

• qJl:POVTG1 eKaarO, (OXIiIlO xcro TO VOOU).le:VO)

'Eva anoanaOJlo one TO IJlJ60 Via Til IIEAAouoa ~wr'j.

15

Touuov 8f oiitm ltE<pUX&tWV, fltEL6av aqJlxwvtm ol tE'tEAEUTY]XOtEr; Eir; tOY LOltOV 01 6 6alllWV £xaoLOV XOlll~EL, 1tQW1:0V IlEV OlE6lxUOavtO 0'( ts xaAWr; xaL 60LWr; ~Lwoa'VtEr; xa!' ol Iltl. KaL ot uev av MI;WOlllfOWr; ~E~lwxEvm, JtoQEu8f'VtEr; fltL LOv 'AXfQo'Vta, ava~uvtEr; a 611 all'wLr; 6XtlllmU fOLLV, Elt!, LOU'tWV aqJlitVOUVLm de; L~v AL!lV1]V, ital fXEL OLitOUOi. '[E xaL xa8mQollEvm LOW ,[E aC'llXllIlUtorv 6lMVLEe; 6i.xar; a1tOAUOvtm, d LtC; U iJoi.xlloE, trirv LE EUEQYEOlWV '[Lilac; qJEQOvtm itaLa ulV a1;lav £xao'[or;- 01 0' frv M1;wOlV aVLU'[Wr; £XELV bUJ '[a IlEYf811 trov ullaQTlllluLwv, i] LEQOOUAlUl; 1tOAAac; xa1llEyuAar; i] qxrvoix aoi.xouc; xaL 1taQavoIlOUr; 1tOMOUC; EI;ElQvoouevo, i] aAAa ooo rounrm WYXUVEl ovtu, toirrou; bE ~ 1tQoaljxouoo 1l0iQa QlmEL Etc; TOV TOQLaQov, 08EV OUnOtE Ex~ai.vouOlv.

(nAOTWVO, <iloiliwv, 113 doe)

rACaJaalKG necpUKO OUTWe; = eil-lOL one TIl CPUOTl sroi. KOl.lf~w = I-lETOcptpW. i510iSIKel~O- 1-101 = uno~6.MOI-lOl OE oiKll· I-Itowe; ~w = ~w OE ueon KaTOOTQOTl (OUTE KQAU OUTE oO)(lll-la). oxrwa: (EOW) rtxoio, OKUCPO~, OXEola. Ka8aipol-i0i = ESOyvi~ol-l0l. is'Kae; i5ii5wl-Il = otXOI-lOL va uno~A1l9w OE OIKT]. anoAUotJor = anat...AO.oOOl-laL, 09wwvol-lal. OVlelTWe; txw = Eil-lOl a9EponEUTo~. t~&pYel~olJai TI = oLanpuTTw «m. tK~afvw = ~yalvw tsw.

:tUVTQKTIKG (TOUTWV) n£cpuKoTWV (= srrsu5rj mum rrscpuKs): y'eV. ortoxurn, OlTLOAOYLKl'] iJTX. tm:li5av OcpiKWVTOI ... TOV rorrov: OEUT. xpov. urtoaer. rtpor. I-IE an050- on TO OtSOtKaaavTO (YVWI-lLKOC; cop.): aOpLaTT] EnOVMlltJ!T] aTO rtcoov KOL aTO fltMov. oL. KOtJl~£I: OEUT. avacpop. rtpor, oi ~IWOOVT&e; (= of s{3iwaav): Em9ET. iJTX., urtox. TOU OteOIKaaavTO. ~£~lwKtvar: 'eLO. crtopsuq», OVTLK. aTO 06';wat. nop£u8tVT£e; (= enov rropsu(Jwal), aVO~elVT£e; (= srravava{3wat): xpOVLKtC; 1-l1)(. OUVTJI-ll-l· (rtporspojpovo aTO I-ltMov). a i5rl··· taTrv ... : II O'eUT. ovnoop. rtpor, aVTLK. TOU avcusavre«; (TO ava{3aivw EOW OEV OKOAou9El TIl 00- KLI-lll OTTLKl'] OUVTa~ll ue EI-lnp09ETIl OlTlOTLKrl). K080IPOtJ&VOI, i5liSOVT&e;: XPOVLKOOlTLOAOYlKtC; iJTX. ouvnpu. TWV OiSIKlllJelTCUV: YEV, TIl~ OtTIOe:; ono TO oi«ac. ei r'ti5IKI10£ - iSli56VT£e; (= ~L06aOt) i5iKae; ... : npaYl-lOTLKO. KOTO TrlV 0- ~iav: El-lnp09. rrpoooiop. nou 0llAWVEL oupqxovlo. tKaaTOe;: urtox. TOU eeoovmr (axTil-la KOTO TO VOOUI-lEVO). txerv: ElO. orropeue., aVTLK. TOU ~6~warv. iSla TO lJ£yt8rr eurroos. rtpooorop. TIl~ OlTIO~. TWV OIJOPTl1l.1clTWV: y'ev. KTT]TLKrl· t~£rpyaol-ltvor (= errelof) s~slpyoaf.1svot sioiv: OLTLOAOYLKl'] 1-l1)(. ouvnuu. iepoauAiac;, cpOVOue;, aMo: OVTLK. TOU s.;stpyoaf.1svot. oaa: unox. TOU TUyxavsr (OTTIKl'] OUVTUSll) KOL TOU Dvm. roicure: KOTllYOPOUI-l. oVTa: kcrrnvopnucr. iJTX. ana TO Tuyxavel. o8£v ounors tK~OIVOUOIV: OBUT. ava<popLKrl npor. oB£v: sruppqucrr. npocoroo. nou CPOVEPWVEL rnv KIVllOTl orto rorto.

34

META.PHH

• 'OhOl 01 ne90j.lEVOl unO~OMOVTOi Of: 0(-

Kl1

• Ti nf:plj.lEVEl nurouq nou EXOUV ~TiOEl oe j.lEO'T] KQTOmOO'T]

• Tt nEplj.lEVEI ,OUC; -casccrteurouc-

AEKOYMAI

nOla TUX!] m:pllJ&VEI TIC; ~UX&C; IJETa TO SaVaTO.

15

Acpov coto TIl cpVCJ1) am6. £'tOL etvot, otov ot 1tE8at-t£vm cpt6.aouv orov tono onoo 0 8EO£ (to nVEVlta) ItE'taCP£QH tOY xa8£va, xmaQxi]v U1tOB6.MOVI:aL oe OiXl] XaL cutoi nou £~l]aav xaA6. xat DOLa Xat EXELvm nou OEV £~l]aav etot, Kat Dam qxrvouv OtL £X0'UV ~i]aEL oe 1t£0l] xm6.ataOlj, orpou rtoosutouv orov AX£Qovta XaL aVEBovv O'tL<; OXEOLE£ rtou ELVat YL' am01J<;, [ta~LoEuoVta£] n6.vw 0' aut£<; cpt6.vo'UV atl] ALt-tVlJ XaL xrrtotxouv EXEL XaL acpov E~aYVL~oVtaL xat 6ExoVtaL vn UnOBAl]80vv aE olxl] YL' aut6. ta aOLxi]fJ,.ma, av x6.rtoux; oL£nQa~E Xa.nOLO, anaM6.aaoVtaL XaL 0 xa8£va£ AafJ,.B6.vEL tLt-tE<; aVt-tcpwva ue tl]v a~ia roir Dam 0ltW£ rpovouv OtL dVaL a8EQa.nEutm E~mtia<; tOU ItEYE8ou<; LWV acpaAt-t6.Lwv roix, ,,{Lmi, £Xouv oLanQ6.~fL i] noAJ..E<; XaL t-tEY6.AE£ LEQOO'UALE£ i] nOAAov£ rpovou; 6.OLXOU£ XaL naQ6.voltOU£ i] 6.AAa ooc tUxaLVEl va dVaL tElma (nuQ0t-tma), amou£ l] OLXtll0U£ !1oiQa'tou£ QLXVEL orov T6.Q1UQO, an' onou OE ByaLvouv note.

1. iSO~WOI, clV0I30VT&C;, iSliSoVT&C;: No KAl80uv crnv nooorcsnsn TOU (5l0V xpOvou.

2, Ti yvwpi~el~ vio TO (5mAamaol-lO TOU P;

3, n&IpUKOTWV, OIpIKWVTOI, Ko90IPO~&VOI: No ypOlpouv Ol XPOVOl TWV PllI-lQ· TWV crnv [(510 q>wVTi,

EMnEMlNn To OOPIOTOAoYIKO «elv».

To av nou OKoAou8e[ ~&Ta ono: 0) OVOIpOPIKtC; oVTWVU~I&C; - OVOIpOPIKO EmpPrliJoTO, ~) XPOVIKOUC; ouviSiolJouC; KOI ouvrcocsrcn ue unoToKTIKrl AtyeTOI aoplOTOAOYlKO, Kat 01 nporcce«; avacpopIKOUTTOBeTlKSC; KOI XPOVIKOUnOBeTlKSC; OVT(OTOlXa, Enel(5r'] or neprrrroxrerc aUTEC; anOTeAOUV Aav8avouoec; I-lopq>ec; Un08eTlKOU Myou, aVa~llTal-le cnoocon KOI e[(5oc; Un08eTlKOU Myou, nX

a) 'En&liSav (=sneu5r] + dv [aoplOTOAOYlKO)) acpiKWVTor - iSl&iSIKOOOVTO, ~) 0" av iSO~WOI (cvooop. - un08eT,)- clIpIKVOUVTOt.

y) o'{ is' av i56~wOI (ovccop. - un08ET,) - pimE!.

(Kal OTlC; TPElC; rtepurrooe«; (5'lAWVeTOl '1 cooicrn enovM'l4J'l OTO nooov KOI OTO I-lEMov).

(5) Tcjj Qvi5p{, 0 av &A'lOe& (ovceop. - urtoser.) - n&lool.lol,

E) 'OTav tyw T&A&UTrl0W (xpOVlKO - un08eT,) - Kupou YEVrl0&TOI r) tv tteooou;

{3aaLAeia.

(LTlC; rrepmrooeu; (5' KOI £' (5'lAWVeTal TO npoo(5oKWI-lEVO).

npOLOXH: No I-l'l aUYXEeTOl TO (lVTO OOPlOTOAOYlKO I-lE TO (5UV'lTlKO OTl~ aVOq>OPlKE~ KOI xpOVlKec; npor. , rt.x, "OTTOU elV (5uVllTlKO) sv navti nAtov &IXOV 01 noM./-ilOl, OUK t{Tjyev sVTQuBa.

35

KEIMENO

l:HMEIA KAEIAIA

• npiv Xiouc; aioec oeai U]V E,ullqJopav rwv vcwv

• (eAEyej qJQve[aeat

• KoAov clval anoaM· 001. ttomoiu, yevt· oem

• truyxavc(v) wv

EIKoaTO &TO<; TOU neAonovvl')ataKoll noA!El.l0u (412-411 ".X).

En&l.IllaOTl TOU MKIIluJlifj un&p TWV AaKeliall.loviwv.

16

Fvoix; OE 0 'AAxL~L6.011C; m:L8a au8L£ "EVOtDV xaL TaUe; aMove; EcpOQO'Ue; f-l~ anoxvfJoaL LOV nAouy, AEYWV CrtL cp8Yjoovmt LE nAElJoovrsc nQtv ~v LLOY veorv ~1Jl-!cpoQav XlOV£ aLo8Eo8m, xat amoe; OLL, ~v J[Qoa~CtAn 'IwvLQ., QQ.OlWe; nELon Lae; J[oAne; acpLomo8m, tYjv tE 'troy 'A811vatwv ao8EVELav Mywv xaL ~v uov AaxcOmf-l0VLWY J[Qo8Vf!lav' mO'tmEQoc; yaQ aAAwy cpavEio8m. 'EvOlqJ rs aut0 lOlQ. EAEYE xaA6Y slvoi CL' Exdvov anomijoai'tE 'Icovicv xaL BamAEa ~uf-lf!axov J[QLfJom AaxEoaq.l.ovimc;, xaL f!1l "AyuSoc; TO ayo.lVLOf!a toirro YEVE08aL" EWYXavE yaQ 'to "AYLl5L au'toc; 6lCtcpOQOe; wv. Kat 6 f!Evndoae; tou; re aAA01Je; EcpOgOVC; xaL "EVCLOY aY~YEta mic; nEVLc vouot f!ELa XaAxLCEWe; tof Aaxc6mf!oviov xaL CLa 'tCtXO'UC; tOV J[A.ouv EJ[QLOUVLO.

(00UKUZ>il.i'l. 0', 12)

rAwaalKD anOKVW (+ omcr.) = ono q>o~o orrotpeuvco «rn. r.p96vw (+ «atrtvoonuat.

PTX.) = rtpoorolvco va ... f1v npooil6An 'lwVI«;l = orcv q>TOOEl OlTJv Iwvia. 6- o9&v£IO = aiSuval-lia. EE,aa8eVTjaT]. mOT6T£pO~ = ruo maTEUTo<;, mo aE,lomGTo<;. 6ywvlo~a = avopayo811l-la, ~pol3eio. &illi i516r.pop6~ TIVI = exw iSLaq>opt<; ue «ortotov, olaq>wvw ue «onoiov. 6v6yo~al = ~yalvw ana TO ALI-I6VL OlTJv avoLxITl 8Maaoa, anonAEw. i5la TC]XOU~ = vpnvopo.

EUVTGKTIKD rvou~ (= ene! fyvw): XPOVLKTi I-ITX. aUVTjI-lI-l. 6noKvi'Joal: TEA. oncpsurp., aVTLK. GTO rrEieer. "Evi5I0V, TOU~ Er.p6pou~: aVTLK. TOU rrei8er KQL TOU arrOKvr]aar. nA&UaaVT£~: KOTllYOP'lI-iOT. I-lTX. ana TO cperyaovmr. nplv •.. ai09&09al: iSeuT. XPOVlKTi TlpOT. I-IE TO cncpeue. aiaeiaear OE SeaT] PTiI-lOTOe:;, WELOTi 11 rtpor. eE,aPTllaT]e:; eivOL KOTaq>OTLKJ). Xfou~: unoKE[I-I. TOU aiaeiaear. f1v npooiloAn (urtoa.) - OTt. .. n&lo£1 (an615.): eE,apTIll.levo<; un08eTlKoe:; Myo<; TOU npOOOOKWl-leVOU (GTOV Eu6u Myo: fjv rrpoa{3QAw - rreiaw). KOI OLITC)~ bTl - P9l)iw~ n&IO&I ... TIlV npo9uiJiav: OEUT. EliSlKTi rrpor., aVTIK. TOU ACywv. (UPIamoBal: TEA. oncpepip .. aVTlK. TOU rteioei. At.ywv: Tpon.-OlTlOAOYlKJ) I-ITX. OUVTjI.lI-l. r.pov&ia901: eliS. TlOpel.lq>., OVTlK. aTO evv, £Aeye. ilMwv yEV. aUYKpLTLKTl ana TO nurtotepoc. TO onoto elver KQTT']yopOUI-I. GTO evv, outoc .. EVi5141, KoAov &IVal (EliS. anapel-l<.p.): aVTlK. TOU fAeye. 151' EK&IVOU: EI-ITlPOS. rtpooiSLOp. TOU ueoou. anoOTI10al, nOI~ool, y&v£09al: TEA. cncoeuc., unoKeil-l. OlTJV unpooumn eK<.ppaaT] KaAov elvcu. ~Ullllaxov: KOT1lYOPOUI.l. GTO {3aaiAta, TO ortoio elvoi aVTIK. GTO rroll'jaor. • AYli5o~: yev. KaTllyoPl1l.lOTLKTl KTllTLKTl. Tc!l 'AYl61: iSOTo orto TO ~racpopoe;. i5I6cpopo~: KQTT']YOPOUI-I. GTO EW. outoc; (= 6 'AAKt{3((ji'5f)e;). wv: KaTT']YOPl1I.lOT. I-lTX. ono TO tnfyxove. Tai~ vcuor: iSOTo TIle:; cuvooetcc. TOU AaK&i5aIIlOvlou: nap6SEaT] GTO XaA.Kt~twe;.

36

METAcPPAJ:H

• nEIO'TIKOC; 0 AN<1~16.OIlC;

• To EntXEIPtilJOTO TOU

• To nEplExoiJ£VO TIle; IOIO(TE:PllC; ou~tiTllOT]C; IJ£ TOV 'EVOIO

• 0 AN<1~I60rJC; IJQ~[ IJ£ TO XaIv<loea nMEa crrn Xio

UKOYMAI

16

'Otuv 0 AAXL~LaOl)C; xmaAa~f [cute] , nd8El naAL tOY 'EvElLO Xat rou; illo'UC; ECPOQO'UC; vc ftllV ava~aAo'Uv coro cpo~o TIjv unoa'tOA~ tWV ltAoLWV, Atyovmc; on 8a ltQocvraao'Uv vo nAEuao'Uv ltQLV ot XLm ltAllQOqJoQl)8ouv 1:11V xmaatQo~ 'twv ltAOLWV, xru ou outoe; 0 (OLOC;, orov cvraaEl otnv Icovto, fuxoAa 8a It£LOEL tLC; ltOAHC; vn unoorcrnoouv, ESllywvmc; [a' a'U'"(;tc;] tTjv ao'UVaftLa lWV A811- vouov xm 1T]v nQo8uftLa tWV AaXfbatflOVLWV' YLmi. [tACYf OLL] 8a qxrve] mo matfmoc; alto 'to'UC; aAAo'Uc;, Km OLOV LbLO tov 'EvbLO eAeyE LbLatttQWC; nwc; Yttav onououio ue tl) ftEOoAa~llOT] exeivou [tou .AAxl~Labll] vu xwYton OE cotoorcotc tTjv Iorvic xm vn xaw:l 1:0 ~aOLAla [tcov TIE QOwv ] aUftl-laxo ""[WV AaXfbmft0VLWV Xat vo flllv avYtXEl to xmoQ8Wfla mrto O'tOV AYll' YLmi. tTUXE 0 (bLOC; (0 AAXL~LabllC;) vc tXEL [nOAL'tLxtc;] blaqJOQEC; ue 'tOY AYll, Km amoc; (0 AAXL~Labl)C;), acpou EnELOE xrn TO'UC; aAAO'UC; EqJOQOUC; xru toy 'EvbLO, anEltAE'UoE ftE 'ta rtsvts ltAoi.a fla~L I-lE 1:0 XaAxLbfa, to AaxEbatftOVLO, xm EltAEaV [000 IillOQouoav mo] YQYtyoQa.

1. TOV nAouv, TWV v£wv, paolAea, "AYlaoC;: No KAl80uv OlOV opl81-16 nou 0- rtovrouv,

2. (UpiOTOo901, "poopeAn, anooTf)oOI: Na YPQ(pd TO 13' ~VlK6 oe 6h~C: TlC: eYKAioelC: OTOV [5lo xpOVO Kat OTTlV iOla t:pwVl'].

3. Tt yvwpi~elC; vro TlC: XPOVlKEC; nPOTaOelC; T'lOU elOaYOVTOl I-Ie TO npfv;

EMnE4nNn M£To<popa TOU anap&lJ<paTOU an6 TOY nAclVIO A6yo (HOY £u8u

1, To elalKO ortcpepccro OlOV eueu Myo uerrrrpertercr ce KUPIO npOTOaT] Kpiaewc: nou eKt:pEPeTOl:

a) ue OM., OPlaTlKti (n.x. i:M;ye nurtotepoe; dM.wv €PaVE/Oem = maTOTE:poe dM.wv qlOVOUIJOI).

13) j.le OUVTrnK., OPlOllKti ., 5UVllTlK., euKTlK." eeooov ro ortcpeuerrro e[vOl 5uVT],lKO (nx. Olua! as lil66vol av xprJllam, sf dxec:; = tlifliouc:; av XPr7- uata, ei dxsc:;).

2. To ,ehlK6 ortcosuqxrro OlOV eu8u A.6yo uercrpsrteror ce Kupla np6TOaT] em6uj.lL0C: nou eKt:pepeTOl: KUp[WC: ue npOOlOKTtK." OT'laVlO us UnOTOKTlKr1 Kat ortnviorapn Ile eUxeTlKti eUKTlK., (n.x. 'EKeMuas roue; atpcmatac 6· voi~ol rae; m)Aac:; = W crpcmdrrot, avoff;oT£ TOC; nUhoc;./ Kupoc:; elrrs <Papva/3a(q; r') nopooouvcu TOUe; rrpeo{3elC:; i:aUT£jj r'} 111'] olKaoe I1W (monejJl.jJol = "H nopalioc; j.101 TOUe; I1pea/3EIe; r') 111'] oflwoe I1W anonilJl.jJnc:;. / HUXOVTo KupoveuTuxf)ool = EiSe EUTUX~OOlC; / EUTuXlloeloc;, W Kups).

1. nlO E?u:.u8EPO: ac nrcv Ko.AO. av anOcrTQTOUOe '1 Iwvia ...

37

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KIIEIIIIA

• role; !\OKeOOI110viOIC; aUK UjoKel

• ro ataateueiv OUK i;OOKE:I...

• [rotiroue; = roue; !\oKeoQlJ.1oviouC;} KaraAIlTOVrae; ... rrjv rr6Alv

• [aunjJ} eUoJ.1evrp

eyevero

• on rare imetpepov ...

• curtio.: I1fJ OeXOJ.1E!Vip

• rtjJ natpi raOKoif)]

noAtIlIKt" emX!i:lp~a!i:I" TOU :Inopm'n'l AY'1oino .... 1 OT'lV Apyo.l..ii5a (388 ~ 390 n.X.).

17

'Ex M toirtou toi~ Aux£Duq.!oVlOl~ '[a !lEV En' 'A8YjVULOUS f) Ent, Bouorouc OlQm£tJELv oux EMxEL ampuAt~ dVUL OJtL08EV xmuALnoVLu~ 0IlOQOV L'fi AUXEOUi,1l0Vl :ltOAEIlLUV XUL oirtrn IlEYUAYjV nlv tWV 'AQYELWV nOALv, d~ bt '[a "AQYo~ CPQouQo.v qxuvouow, '0 M 'AyY]arnoAl~ End iiyvw on ELY] autl[> nYYJt£OV til~ CPQouQ6.~ xat to. DLU~UTi]QLa euoll£V<P EY£VE'W, EA80N El~ 'OAu!l:rtiav xa" XQYjotr}QLa~OIl£VO~ EnYjQu)'[a '[OV 8EOV EL oouo; av EXOL aml[> 1111 6EXOIl£VqJ LaS anovDa.s tWV 'AQYELWV, on OUX onots xa8i]xOL 6 XQOVOS, a.AA' ortot£ EIlBaMELV Il£MOLEV AaxEoULlloVLOL, '[0'[£ un£cp£Qov tOU~ Iliivao;;. '0 6£ 8EO~ EnEoi]fwLvEV aml[> ooiov cLvUL !lll 6EXOIl£vqJ onov6as aDixw~ unoqJEQoll£vaS. 'ExEi8Ev D' £u8uS nOQEu8El,S lOiS AEACPOU~ Eni]QEtO au LOV 'A:rtOMw d xaxEivqJ 6oxoiYj :ltEQL LWV onovorov xu- 8imEQ 1l[> nmQL '0 M. an£xQivmo xol Jl<.lAU xmo. LaU1a.

(:;;EYOq>WVTO, EM~VIK6, II', 7, 2-3)

rAWU01KG 0, Ii o~opOC;, TO o~opOV = 0 verrovuccc, cppoupav CPOIVW = Kaf..W YlO «oroTac.'l, 5lOTO~W en ror pcrs UOT], Ta liIOPOT~PIO (ew. iepa) = 8uoi8e; nou npoorpepovrov npiv ana rnv 8KO'1pOTela npOK8ll-l8VOU cum va 8X8l n8TUX'l1J8V'l 8Kl3aOT]. XPI10Tl1plC.1l;0~01 = OUIJ130UA8UOIJ0l TO MaVTeLO, naipvw XP'lOlJo. KO' 9~KW = 8PXOl-lat, qrrcvco. t~l3aMw = 810136Mw, unoq>epw = npoortotouucn, npoq>ao[~olJol. KOTa TOUTa = 1..18 TOV iOlo rpono.

XUVTaKTIKG tK TOUTOU: 81Jnp68. npoooiop. TOU xp6vou, TO OTPOT&U&IV: unos. TOU eooKEI Kat TOU ElVOI (rourortoootorno). err' 'A9I1vaiouc;, em 80IWTOUC;: 81-lnp68. npooorop. nou 0'lAWVOUV 8X8plKT] KOTEu8uVOTl.&lvOI: 810, crtnpeue., aVTlK. 0'10 eOOKel. KOTaAmOVTac; (= errelof) KOTtA!nov): alTlOAOYIKT] 1-lTX.' 'l1-lTX. 08V ,.maivEI OT'lV mwOT] TaU OUOlaO'1lKOU TO ortolo npooolopi~EI (TOre; ;\OKeOQ[/.lOV{Ole;), OAM OE crnor., aUI-l'PWVWVTOe; I-lE TIlV rmoon 'fOU EW. urtox. TOU aroateueiv, nou sivcn TO routouc = TOUe; ;\QKeoQ[J,1ovioue;. O~Opov, rroxe~iav, ~&yaAf)v: KUITJyOp1ll-lOT. npoaolOp, 0'10 TTjv ttosiv. OTi ei'1 OUT4> IlYI1TeOV Tile:; cppoupac; = on otO! QUTl)V rJyeia801 17']e; cppoupae;' O'1OV eusu Myo: &i eJ,1t rJyefo8m nie; cppoupae;. ~Ii l5&xo~evQJ (= ei J,1r'] otX01TO): unoeer. I-lTX· 1-'8 onoooon TO dv tXOl (oni\T] OK8LjJ'l)' '1 1-lTX. VO'lI-'OTlKQ cnorsxst TO unox, TOU ooiox; dv tXOI. OTI • TOT& uneq>&pOV TOUC; ~ilvoe:;: ornoxov. npor. OnOT& Ka9r1KOI 0 Xpovoe:; / OnOT& ... fl.oK&lial~OVlol: OUO XPOVIKoun088TIK8C; npor. ue WKTIKT] e:naVaf..'lmIKtl Kat !-IE an6i500T] TO untcpepov (coprcrn enav6i\'lLjJ'l 0'10 napEA86v). unocp&po~evoe:; (= OTI urrecptpovm): '1 I-lTX. ornoxovei TIlV Un08ET. I-lTX. J,1r7 oexoJ..ltvCfJ (= e{ J.1f) oexorTo' an6500T] TO OOlOVelVQL' Aov8oVWV KOl 8~apTllI-l8VOC; un088T. Myoe; TIle; OnAT]e; OK8LjJ'le;' O'1OV w8u Myo: el J.1f} oexolO - OOIOV eOTI). nop&u9&ie:; (= ettei erropeu817): XPOVlKT] 1-lTX. ouvrjuu. (rtporspoxpovo 0'10 napEA86v).

38

META4IPUH

• Furri or i\aKE~all.l6- VLOI ~LETa~av erncrocreuon evcvriov TOU Apvouc;

·0 MyoC; nou ° A'fTloircoAte; m;yE OTT]V m.uJ.lnio

• H oncvrnon nou rmpe

• 0 AYTlainOMC; moue; AEA<p0UC;

• H OnavTTJOTl TOU An6Mwvo

EPMHNEYTIKA

EMnEMlNn

o AY'lalnoAu:; erqv OAulJnio KOI crouc AtAq>ouC; YIO XPllcrIJO.

17

'Yorsoc rut' mrro at AaxdiaqlovLoL EXQtVaV 0'tL 11 Exo'tQmda rou; svcvnov '[WV A9rjvalcov ~ xmu rorv Boiomov bEY ~tav uoqxrAtl~, xa8w~ uCflTlvav nloco roix rnv nOAl1 rcov AQYELCOV, (nOA:'1) YHtOVLXtl IJ,.E Tr] AaxE/:iaLlJ,.ova, EX8QLXtl xm'tooo IlEYUAl1' YL' cnrco bta'tu~ouv Emo'[Qu'tEUO'Y] evovnov lOU AQyout;. 0 AYl1otnoAL~, otuv Ella8E OU amo~ EnQEnE vc ELvm aQXl1Yo~ '[11t; ExOtQmELat; xrn rrox; OL 8uOLE~ "Ita. rnv avaxwQl)O'Y] ano 'tl) XWQa untlQsav EUVO'lXE~, tlQ- 8El Ot'YJv OAUJl1tLa xm ~'YJ,[wV'ta~ 'tl) OUll~OUAtl rou llaV'tELOU QWwuOE 10 8EO o» bEV tl1aV aOE~ELU (to) vc 1l'YJ bEXtEF rnv uvaxwXtl 'tCOV AQYElcov, yta.'tL mnot COL AQYElOL) nQo~aMaV co~ nQoepaO'Y] tou~ LEQOVe; lltlvEe; OXL XU8E epOQu rtou EepWVE 'YJ EnOXtl ('tCOV LEQWV 1l11- vcov) aAAu XU8E cpoQu nou EnQoXELtO va £lO~UAOUV ern XWQa roix OL AUXEbmIJ,.OvLOL. 0 8EOe; tOU cpavEQwoE llE O'Y]llubLa 0'tL tl'tav EUOE~Ee; vc 1l'YJ bEXtEL2 avaXWXtl, YLml naQuvOIlU nQo~aMOtaV w~ nQocpuO'T]. Arto EXEi a!lEOCOt; ntlYE l moue; ~EACPOV~ xm QW't110E xm toy AnoMcovu ov EiXE xrn mrro; OXEUXU IlE t11v avaxcoXtl mv (bta yVWIl'YJ llE tOY nmEQa rou'. Kat 0 Anonwvae; anuVt'YJ0E, mo xaTYjYOQl1llmtxCt, IJ,.E lOV LbLD tQono.

un&l.j>&pOV TOlle; lJilvae;: 01 APYE:iol eKjJeTaM£uovTOV TO YE:YOVOr::, on iSE:V TeAOUVTOV auyxpovwr::, orto OAOUr::, TOUr::, ~wpldr::, KonOler::, KOlvtC; YIOPTtC; rtou ouvertovovrov OVOKWXl') Kat jJeTt8£TQV rnv IWepOIJIlV[O TtAE:al')r::, TOUr::, QVOAOyo JJE ne; QVOYKEr::, TIle; OTlYlJilc;·

01 nAOYI&e; E:pWTrIl.laTIKte; npOTOO&Ie; OTOV &u9u Aoyo j.I&TaTptnoVTOI cs &U- 9E:iE:e; E:PWTrl0E:Ie; (QVE~OPTllTEr::, npOTOOEle;).

1. OUK iouev orrou Yile; eerlJ&V (eu8uc; )"oyoC;: rrou vile; eOjJ&v;)

2. Kupoe; crreJ.lmlro, a,T! nOlrlO&ll3aoIA&ue; (eu8ue; Aoyoe;: rf nOlrlO&I (3aerIA&ue;;)

3. ennpdrm TOV eeov ei oOlwe; QV &X01 aUTI!> I-1I'1li&xo ... tv<!' TOe; onov~ae; ... (eu8ue; )"oyoe;: OOlwe; QV txo1 jJOI ... illi&xo ... iv<!' TOe; onov6ae; ... ;)

4. amoeto TOV :4noMw sl KclK&lv<!' 60KOill nepl TWV OTIovliwv (eu8ue; AOyoc;: Kal 001 (5oK&i nspi TWV onov(5wv;).

5. Tov Beov CTTl7POVTO &i napa(5oi&v KOPIV9101e; T~V noAlv (eu8ue; Aoyoe;: napa(5w ... ev KOPIV9fole; Tilv noAlv;).

nAPATHPHIH: Kare. TIl uercrporm TOU nMYlou Xovou ce cuSu 'l ~6vn ey<WaT] nou j.lero!><'lN\eTol EiVat 11 euKTIKi] TOU May LOU i\6you, 'l onoia yiverm ~ anArl OPLcrTIKrl (nopa>5. 4) rl OTIOP'l~OTL<i] UnOTOKTLKi] (nopM. 5).

1. METaq>paaOj.le TIl; XPOvtKi:~ IJTX· eA8wv Kal nooeueev; ps prlj.lO KOI 0'& nopmOKTLKrl O'uvoeaT] 11" TO £;"'1- PWTO KOl i:m)pero oVTicrTOlXO (~eromoO'Tj).

2. Kmo M~'l: eov oe 1leXDTov ('l IJTX. V0'lflaTlKO nnorexel TO UTTOKeil1"vo 'tccv 6rnw~ civ ilxo1 KO' ornov &Ival).

3. AJV,uiJ~: ortcoc aKp,!>"" 0 noreooc TDU

39

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KJ\EIIl.IA

• VOl1iooVTIX; ... OUK av ... ttpooonoatti- 001 Kol OJ./O ... Kav E;Uj./{3f/VQl

• ryYOUW:VOI rpo{3ef· oeai xai em8uI1'iosiV

• roUTa TOU<; :A8ry· vaiooc rpo{3ef0801

• oUTOU<; [= TOU<; 'A8ryvaiou<;] emeu- 11r70e1V E;uvaMoyf/· Vol «ai TTolryoao$m

To yeyovoTo IJE:TO T'lV KOToA'llJlll T'l~ AIJCPinoAI'J<; ono TO Bpoail5o. 'EVOTO eTO<; TaU neAOnOWI'J0IOKOU noAejJou (423 n.X.).

18

AaXEbm!l6vLOL 6£ xal 'A8ljVa'iOL U!la ~QL 'tOU EmY1YV0!l£VOU 8£QOUS; Eu8Ur; btEXCLQLav tnOL'l'loav'tO evicexnov, VO!lLOaVW; 'A8ljval- 01 !lEV OUX UV Etl tOV Bocotoov oqxirv nQooanootflom oubEv JtQlv JtaQaO'XEuaOmvtO xaij' ~O'UXlav, xa\' u!la, El xaAWr; orpiotv £XOL, xav ~u!l~i)vm to. JtAElW, AaXEbm!lOVLOL bE tau'ta 'tou~ 'A8ljvai.our; ~yOU!lEVOL U1tEQ EbfclLoav cpo~Eio8m, xaL YEVO!l£Vljr; avaxwxi)r; xaxwv xa\' taAalJtwQLw; flCiMOV EJtL8u!ltlOELV autO'ur; JtELQaOa!l£YOUr; ~uvaMayi)vaL re xal tOUr; avCiQar;- orpiow CtnoMvta~ oJtovCio.~ nomocofkn xal Er;10V nAELW XQovov. Tour; y6.Q CiT] avbQar; nEQi JtAElOVOC; tnOLoDvto xO!lLoao8m, Ewr; £tL BQaot6ar; ljUtUXEL.

(0ouKuaillrt. s; 117, 1·2)

rAWOOIKQ a~a ~PI = I-Ie rnv evap~T] TllC; OVOl~T]C;, 1-l0~1C; apXloe T] aVOl~Tj. TO tmYIYVo· ~£VOV 9ipoc; = TO K~oKoipl rtou cxoxouset. npooOlpioTlUIl = KlVW srnrtxeov oe cnoorcom, KOVW Kl OMouC; va crroorcnnoouv. ~UIlPaivw TO nA£iw = KOVW OUl-irlaOT] vic rtepiocorepo xpovo. avaKWXr') KaKWV. __ = rtouon, OlaKOnll ouuooptov ... n£lpw~al [aVOKWXT1<;'] = OOKlI-IO~W rc aya86. TllC; avaKwX!ic;. nEpi nA£fovoc; nOlou~al = 8ewpw ruo OT]l-IaVTlKO.

:E.UVTUKTIKG ~PI: 6OT. opyavlKn aVTlK/Kn one TO 0/-10. elV npoounoornocr, elV ~u",p~val: el5lKO OUVT]TlKO cnupeuo., ovnxetu. TllC; alTlol\OYIKT']C; IJTX. VO/-liOOVTE:<;' (= irrE:lOr, iV0f.1l0a0. TOV Bpaof6av: unox. TOU rrpooarroOTtjool. Otpwv, ou6tv: aVTlK. TOU rrpooarroOTtjoOl. rrpiv napaOKEuaoalVTO Ka9' r')auxiav: OeUT. xpoVlKOUn08eTlKn npor. I-Ie euKTlKT] TOU nl\0YlOU l\6you, l\6yw e~6.PTllOT]C; an6 lO1OPIKO xp6vo (v0f.1{oaVTE:<;' noooanoomooc, EKqJepeTQl I-Ie eyK~IOT] (Kat 0- Xl I-If: ortcpcuecrro) enel5T] T] np6TaOT] eE;oPTllOT]C; elvoi apVTJTIKT] ( ... ttpoaarroOTtjom ouc5iv). VOl'iOaVT&C; 'A9rIVaioi pev .•• npiv nepccxeuaocrvrc Ka9' r'louxiav = (01OV eu8u Myo) OUK dv tTl 6 8paoioo<;, r1/-1WV noooonootnocu T'] npooanootnoesev ou5i;v npiv QV rrapaOKE:Uaowf.1eBa KaB' r1ouXiav. £1 ... tXOI (un68.) - KaV ~u"'Ptlval (= KQV E,u/-I/3aff.1ev [cnoooonj): an~f) OKeIjlTj. Taurn: aVTlK. TOU cpo/3E:ioBOl.TOU~ 'A9rJvaiou~: uno«. TOU cpo{3efo8m. tpoPEio901, tTTl9UIl~OEIV: el5. ortopeuo., aVTIK£lI-l. TllC; amo~oYIKT]C; IJTX. r,YOU/-IE:VOI (= irrelor, r,YOUVTO). YEvo~tVrJC; (= eov yiVT/TOI [avaKwxf1]): yev. cnox., unosenKT'] I1TX. I-Ie an6500T] TO em8Uf.1r10E:IV (= em8UJ.1r100U01): npoaOOKWl-levo. KaKWv, TaAamwpiac;: yev. unOK/KeC; 010 avaKw)(1'jc;. ~uvaMoyl')val, rromec- 09al: rex. cnopeuc., aVTlK. TOU im8uwjoelV. nElpaaa",ivQuc;, ano60VTac; (= enov napaotovtcu, enov arroowOl): )(pOVlKec; IJTX. OUVT] I-Il-Iev£C; (rtporepo)(pOVO 010 f-JtMov). av6paC; (01-1.), otpiOlv (el-ll-l.): QVTIK. TOU arro06vTO<;'. TOU~ av6pac;: aVTlK. TOU KOf.1iaaoBac, TO ortoio eivaLTel\. cnooeue.. aVTIK. aTO ttep! rr)"elovo<;, cttotouvro.

40

META$PAl:H

• Furri 01 A8rlVoiOi OUvT]4JOV EKe:Xe:lpio I-I£: roue: lIaK£:OOlI-l0- vtouc

• Furri 01 1I0Ke:OOII-lOVIOl OUvT]4Jav e:K£:Xe:lpio I-Ie: roue: A811- vciouc

01 Myol Yla TOUI; onofoul; AOK£l)olllovIOI KCI A61]voior (7uvamouv £K£XElpio EVDI; tTouC;.

18

ME TY)v EVaQ~l1 TY)~ aVOl~Tj~ roo a'XoAou8ou 'XaAO'XaLQLO'l)l oi Aa'XEbaq.lOVLOl 'XaL OL A8Tjva(0l O1JV~'4'av E'XEXELQLa EVO~ E"t01J~- oc A- 8TjVatOl, yl..U"tL VO[.lLOav OU [enn] 0 BQaoibw; bE 8a [.lJtOQ£OfL ma va 'XavEL 'Xa[.lui :1101..11 "touS; va rotOO"ta"t~OH :I1QLV :I1QoE"tOL[.laO"tO'Uv [.lE TY)v Tj01JxLa "t01J~, 'XaL O1JYXQOVooS; on 8a unopouoov va xovouv O1J[.lqJoovLa yta [.la'XQo"tEQO XQovo av roue O1JVEqJEQE ln E'XEXHQLa]oi AaxEbm[.lovLOL coro rnv aAAl1 [ouvrppov EXEXELQLa], ytmL :I1(01E1Javon oi A811vatOl qJo~oV"tav auto. :I10U :I1QaY[.lan'Xa Elxav qJo~1l8d 'XaL on, av o"ta[.la~OOUV OL 'Xa"taO"tQOqJE£ xm oi "taAal..:JlooQ(E~, lOw£ AaX"taQ~oouv va bOXL[.laOO1JV" "ta aya8o. "t1']~ avaxwx~£ 'XaL va 01J[.lqJlALoo80uv, va E:JllO"tQE'4'OUV3 touc aV"tQE£ XaL va xovouv O1Jv8~'X11 yta I.lcyaAu"tEQo XQOVLXO tHo.OTY)[.la- nmt [or Aa'XECaL[.lOVLOl] 8£00- Qouoav JtLO OT][.laV"tLxo va JtaQ01Jv :I1LOW rou; o.V"tQE£ rou; 000 0 BQaotbas; EiXE a'Xo[.ll1 EJtL"tUXLES;.

A.EKOYMAI 1. ~PI, Clvl)pac;: Na vpmpouv OL nA.6.w:c; rmoceic OlOV l5Lo apl8l-lo.

2. tnollloaVTo, vOI.JioaVT&C;, ~UI-IPf)VQI, V&VOI-IEVIlC;, ~uvaMavf)vQI, anoi56VTac;:

No ypa<pe:l TO W EVLK6 npOOlaKTLKtlc; OlOV i510 )(pOVO KQL OTT]V l5la <PWvtl.

EMnEMlNn Ta EIl)1l TOU av OTOV m.aVlo A6vo-

1. b.UVIlTI KO: 5ev U<plOlOTQL Ka~.IL6. I-lEW~OAtl.

E.A.: "Eoiooue; avxprjj.10TQ, e{ dxee;.

n.A.: OIj.1Q{ oe olo6vOI ov xprj1-10TO, ei dxee;.

2. Yno9ETlKo: I-lETO~cl),),£-rQL os &i (+ EUKTlKtl TOU nMYLou Myou) , ornv T] un68wT] eiVat ermoecouevn (= 11 crtoooon eE;apTCn-m an6 lOlOPlKO )(pOVO Kat 511AWVeTOl 11 YVWWl TOU a<pT]YIlTTil·

E.A.: Of rrOM/-l101 VtKrjoouOev, av Aa{3wOJ {3orjf}eIQv.

n .A.: E{rrev on oi rroM:j.1lOt vlKrjoOtev, et A6fJol&v /3orjf}etav.

3. AOPIOTOAoVIKO: X6.vETOl, OWV 11 UnOTaKTlKtl nou OUV05&UEl I-IETOTpeneTOl OE &UKTlKtl TOU nA.aYLou A6you.

E.A.: LwTrjpro eooouev, ev8a ov rtpdxtov ek; q)lAiov yJjv CtrpIKwp&8a.

n./\.: Of OTPOTlWTOI 17UXOVTO OWn7PIQ 8uoetv, eVeQ tuxatov de; cptJ..iav yfjv acpiKolvTD.

• .IUv9&TO napai5EIVl-la

E./\.: 'Ebv oneion ewe; ov eA8woev oue; av nSj.1!J1w ... r otanpa~0f.10L.

n.A.: Tioooipepvnc; W/-lOOE;V }\YT]otJ..a4-l, ei oneiaatto ewe; eA80lev oue; tteu!J1w: ... , ororrpa~eo8Ql. .. (TO tav TO Un08eTlKO ucrcrccrtnxe OE ei, evw TO Mo aopLoToAOYlK6. dv X6.8IlKOV).

1. To KoAOKOipl ClTO 8oum5io'l nep(/,.6.~llave axeMv 'rrjv 6.vOI~'l Kal TO <p8Iv6nwpo.

2. KOTn M~'l: o<potJ I'io",~naouv.

3. KOTn M~'l: ocou smcrpsuouv.

41

KEIMENO

:EHMEIA KflEIAIA

• T 6 ptv ... nptiao» MSj1j10

·8repov ...

KOKOuPY11j1a

• ro Me; trtpateicc s0pemj nOlrjaQlTO

• iva prj ... il;i:Aeole'

• OKOUOlTe onayyeAA6vTWV r7j1WV

H TlOAITIK~ TOU <Z>fAmTlou IlETa TI') <Z>IAoKpaTEIO EIP~VI') (346 n.X.) KOI I') 1l0VOllOXfo 1I1')IloaBtvI') - A1OXivl').

19

To flEY tOLVUY EV TfI ngw~EL<,l ngWtov XAfflflO,· uev <PLAl1tnOlJ, 6WgOOOXIlflo' OE 'tON aOLXWY roetcov av8gwJtwy rotofrrov EYfVELO, "E1EQOV 6' FU8US ECPE~fjs ElL route» flEltoy xo'xougYllflU 8EUaaa8E. 'ElIu6iJ YUQ wfloaE 'ti]v EtQ~vY]v 6 <PLAlJtno\"; ngoAu~Wv rnv 8g¢XY]Y Ota 'tOu'tOlJs ouxi, JtELa8tyws T(JJ Efl0 '\.jJy]cpfallCl.'tL, nuALV WYELtm nug' umciJv oJtWS fliJ a.mflEY EX MUXE6oYtO,\";, EWS TO. TfjS aTgmElas Tii\"; Ent TOUS" <pwxtO,£ EUTgE1tl) JtmTJaULTO, T.va IlTJ, OEDg' onaYYELAaVLWY tlllWV O'tl flfMEL xat JtO,QO,OXElJUtEWL JtoQEuw8m, E~tA- 8m8' UIlELS xal JtEQlJtAE1JOO,VT££ lalS" TQLTJQWLV ELS- TIuAa£, wanEQ nQo'tEQOY, xAELam'tE TOY ronov, 011.11.' Ctfl' axouoLTEwiiTu onuYYEAAOVLWV i1IlWY XUXELY0S" EVTOS ELY] TIlJAwy xoi 1ly]6t':v Exm8' UIlEisnmfjam,

(l!.')Iloa9tvlj, nepi TOU ITeq>avou, 31-32)

rAWaalKG KA.Ej.lj.la = KAonrl, OTpoTI'jY'lIlO, ortorn. OJ.lVUj.l1 T~V &ip~v'lv = OPK[~OIlQl YIO TfJV SLPrlVfJ, I3sl3QLWVW TfJV SLPrlVfJ IlS OPKOU<;. npoAaj.l136vw = KOTaAOlll3uvw npWTUTSPO (ana 6JJ..OU<;). WVOUj.lal = s~ayopa~w «morov w XPrlIlOTO. amj.I&v: OplOT. 118M. TOU ansl/..li! oneoxoucu. &UTpEnt~ rroioupc! TI = 8TOlIlO~W KaAO KOTL. t~EpXOlJal = OTE::AVW crpcro, excrpcrsuco.

%UVTaKTIKU tv Tn npEOj!Ei9: sllnpo6. rtpoooiop. TaU :xpOVOU. TWV ov8pwnwv: yEV. UnOK/Krl ana TO OWP006KTJf.JQ. TOIOUTOV: KOTfJYOPOUIl. TOUTOU: YSV. aUYKpLT. cno TO f.JSf(ov. ·En&llii'J ... T4I tlJ4I ljl'lqlIOlJaTI: oem. XPOVlKrl rtpor., '1 onoto ouurrruooercr 0TfJ XPOVlKr) IlTX. ouooac. npoAal3wv (= tns! npouAaf3s): :xpoVlKrl WX. OUV'lIlIl· (ouxr) "Elo8tVTa~ (= [011;1 TOUTOUC;] of aUK em;io8TJoav): em8eTLKtl / ovmpopLKrlllTX. 11£ ano:xpwOfJ OlTLOAOYlKtl. T4I ljl'lqlfOIJOTI: OVTlK. TOU nt;ra8evmc;. onwc; 1-11'} OTTlIJEV &K MaKEliovfac;: OWT. TSAIKrl npor. (IlS 0- PlOTlKrl W:M.). EWC; ... nomonrro: OWT. :XP0vlKouno8sTlKrl noor. 118 8UKTIKrl TOU nMYLOU A6you (w6ue; A6yo<;: ewe; av nOlr}OT]TQr). &UTp&n~: KaT'lYOPOUIl. OLO Hi Ttjc; otpateiac. Iva 1J1'1, aEOp' o"aYY&IAOVTWV I'}IJWV - t~EA8ola' uIJEiC;: OeUT. TSAlKrl noor. lI8UTsp£uouaec; TSAlKE::e; elvrn Kat OL nporcce«; 118 TO PrlllOTO KAsioQ(Tt;, anouotie, s{TJ, txor8' (6hee; or T8ALKE::e; npor. 8K<pE::POVTal IlE 8UKTlKrl TaU nMYLOU Myou, '1 onolo OTOV Eu8u A6yo 'IlETOTptneTOL oe unoTOKTLKrl). anoYY&IAOVTWV (= enav anayyt;iAWf.Jt;v): ysv. ortox., :XP0VlKrlIlTX. (0'lAWVSL TO rtporepoxpovo OTO IltMov). n&pmA.EuoaVTEC; (= snav nspmAsuOT]TS): :xpov. IlTX. oUVfJIlIl. (0'lAWVSl TO rtporepoxpovo OTO IlE::MOV). Taic; TplI'1PEOIV: OOT. TfJe; ouvooslcc. WaTTEP rrporspov [n&pIEnA&uaOTE]: OWT. ovo<pop. nopol3oA. rtpor. I'JI-IWV; OVTLK. OTO aKOUOrTS Kat urtoxelu. crnv KaTfJYoP'lll. IlTX· anayysMovTWV. nuA.wv: ysv. TfJe; o<psTfJP[ae; ana TO eVToC;.

42

METACIIPA:tH

• nOTE: 0 <!liAmnoc; OPKlOTI]K£ VlO TllV £lPJiVTJ

• Ot "'OVOl nou 0 <!li"'mnoe; ec,oyopooe TOUC; A9I1VO(oue; npto~E:le;

0) .

~) .

v) .

0) .

EPMHNEYTIKA

AEKOVMAI

EMnE4l1NIl

'Eva, rno lIe:yaAo enc TO npOllYOulle:VO, «KoKouPyrlllO" TOU <IlfArnnou. 19

Tetour AOlJtOV Um)QI;E xa"to. Tr]V JtQEa~Ela Y] JtQ6rrYj ano."tY] tOU ¢{f"LJtJtou, xm [OUYXQOV())';] OWQOOOXla nov 6.0LX())V amwv av8QwJtWV. IIaQa"tY]Q'liUtE xm (Eva) o.AAO xaxouQYY] Ita aX0ItY] JtLO ItEYo.AO an' rnrro (nou axoAou8Y]OE) £u8u.; xotomv. 'Otov oy]Aao'li 0 (D[ALJtllO'; OQXlO"tY]XE YLa "tY]V ELQ'liVY], mpou JtQOy]YOUItEVW'; ElXE xrrmAo.~EL "tY] 8Qo.xY] El;mtLa.; mrnov at onoior OEV llELu"tY]xav UtO 'P'liCPLU!to. uou, (amou.;) tOU'; El;ayoQauE llo.AL yta va !tY] cpUYOUfA.E uno "tY] Mcxeoovic fA.EXQL va JtQOE"tOlfA.o.Un xaAa "tY]V EXUtQa"tEta EvaV"ttOV tWV ¢WXEWV, YLa va fA.l1v EXUtQa"tEUUEtE otov EfA.El,; avaYYElAOUfA.E OlL axOJtEUEL xm EtOlfA.o.~Etm va EXOtQa"tEuun xm, acpou JtAEUUEtE fA.E tQt~QEL'; UlL'; 8EQfA.OnUAE';, oJtw£ aXQL~w,; UtO JtaQEAOov, anoxAELuEtE rnv m:QLOX~, aUo. YLa va oxoore Elto.,; vn ua.; avaYYEUOUItE amo. xm mmoXQova EXElVO'; va Elvm fA.EUa OtL£ 8EQ- 1t0nUAE£ xm wEL'; va fA.Y]v 1-l3t0QEltE vn Xo.VE'tE tinots.

T~ tll~ IJI'lq>iollaTl: TO lfJr'jCPlOI-iO TOU lI.rUloo8eVT] np6j3ABne ol-leOT} eKAoyf) nsvre npeal3wni>v I-Ie oxorto vo emKupw80uv 01 OUIlCPWVT]l-Ievee; ouv8r'jKee; 0- vcusoc UTO <l>lA.mno KOl TO 51']1-10 TWV A811voiwv. Avoueoo UTOUe; npecpeurec nou eKAEXITlKOV I']TOV KOl 0 AlCJX:LVT]e;.

1. npoAo(3wv, n&I09&VTOc;, anaYY&IAclVTwv, nOI~oaITo: No ypacpei TO W eviK6 np6owno 0' 6ABC; TIe; eYKAioete; UTOV iOlO xp6vo KOl OTl1v LOlO cpwvl'].

2. nOlee; ouvTo~ele; TOU pI']I-IOTOC; OKOUW yvwpi~ele;;

1. 01 l)£UTCPCUOUOCc; npornoerc OTOV cu9u KOI OTOV nA6Ylo A6yo

01 oWTepeuouoee; noorcoe«; (eKT6c; one TIe; elOlKec; KOl TIe; nAoYlee; spcoTllI-IOTIKEe;), 6TOV uercoeoovrm UTOV eu8u Myo, nopouevouv OeUT&peUouosc TOU [OIOU Eiooue;. MeTol3oi\1'] rtcpcrnoerrca UTllV EYKAlO11, sov EKq>EPOVTOl I-Ie EUKTlKI'] TOU ni\aYlOU i\6you, T] UTO rtpootorto nx orrwe; j.Jr, amuev e« MaK£ooviae; (T£AIK~) ewe; Tli. Ti]e; atpaieiae Tf}e; irri TOUe; cPwKiae; £UTperrf} nomooiro (xPOVIKoi.ino9&TIKrl). lTOV w8u i\6yo ... otuoc; j.Jr, 6mpev e« MaKei5oviae; (n::A1Krl) ewe; dv ... nOI~OI1TOI (XPovIKoi.ino9cTIKrl).

2. lnavlo eLVUl ouvOT6 uro TEi\lKI'] rtpor, vo EKq>epeTOl I-IE WKTlKIi TOU ni\aYlOU i\oyou xwpiC; va unoPXEl e~o.PTllOT} an6 IOTOPlK6 xpovo. nX WV&iTOI nap' aUTwv ... Iva llri ... £~&A9019' ... AUTEC; 01 neplTITW081e; epWW&UOVTaL we; e~I']e;:

0) 11 8UKTlKT] OCP8lA.eTOl oe ti\~11 orto 6.i\i\11 WKTIKI'] (e5w: rrOl/70QlTO)

13) 0 xp6voe; e~OPTl1011e;, av KOl apKTIKOe;, tXEl IOTOPIKT] xpOlo. (WV£fTOl: lOTOPlKOC; EVEUTwme;)

y) 0 oxonoc elvcn anolfJll Ii em6UllLa unoKElllevlKIi.

43

KEIMENO

IHMEIA. KhEIIIIA.

• OUK i(3ou;\&TO anoOeiKVUVQl oos": yiyvea8Ql

• JtVD!Jit;OV] ;\a8efv DV

• Tel niJv noAe!Jiwv napsf)(e

• cup' WV = anD TOUTWV D ...

• OOWC; Te Kat 8aAaoooKpaToUVTWV

• n .. (3ouAo!JSvov

190 STOe; TOU neAOnOWl1010KOU noAtjJou (413-412 n.X.). l:IKeAIKrl tK- 20 orpcrefo. H KOTaOraOIl !leTa TIlV rlTTO TWV A91lvoiwv OTIC; EmnoMc;.

Kol 6 !lEV 6rll-wo8fvl')~ tounitn EyLyvwOXfV' 6 Of NLXiat; EVO!lLt,f !lEV xal amOt; nOvl')Qa Q"(pwv to. JtQaY!lata slvrn, '[(:!J DE A6yc.p OUX E~OUAftO ama aa8Evij CmoOElXvUvm, oUO' E!l<paVWt; OCPUt; 1fJ'Il<pLt,O!lfVOlJt; !lEta 1tOAAWv tTjv avaxwQ'IlOLV tOL~ nOAf!lLmt; XataYYEAroix YLyvw8aL" Aa8ELV yaQ av, onots ~OUAmvtO, tOUtO nOLOUvtE~ nOAA0 ~ooov. To Of n xal TO. tWV JtOAE!lLWV, orp' mv EnL nAfov tl ol UAAOL n08aVETO ail1:Wv, EAntClOt; 'u ETL naQELXE nOVl')QO'tEQa TWV acpETfQWV Eow8m, i]v xaQTEQWOL 1tQoaxa8-r1!lEVOL' XQ'Il!lCttWv yaQ CtnoQtyt aUToUt; EXTQuXwaHV, aAAWt; TE xal EnL nAfov llCl'll tait; unaQxoUOaLt; vouot 8aAaaooxQatoUvtWv. Kat ~v yaQ TL xal EV tat:~ ~uQaxouoaLt; ~OUA6!lEVOV 'tOi~ 'A811vaLOL~ TO. JtQaY!lata EvClouvm.

(00UKUi5ii5r], H', 46, 1-2)

rAWO'01Ka Ta npaYIlOTO rrovqpe EOTI = 11 KOTOOTOOT] sLVQL E:mo<paA1le;. KaTavv&ATO~ yiYVOIlOI = anOKaAUm0I-lOl. Aav8avw = I-IE.vW cmcpcrmprrroq, Ola<pEUYW rqv npooom. noM", ~ooov = I-IE IlEYaAUTEPll KOTO noxu ouoKoAia. TO i5t TI Koi = EE;Cl.Mou. Ta TWV noAelllWV = 11 KOTOOlOO1l TWV exSpWv. npooKa91"JIlOI (KUp(We; rtnpox. TaU npOOKoBs(,of.1or) =: noAlopKW. EKTpUX6w, ·00 = KOTOI)Gi\AW, eE;aVTAw. tvi5fi5wlll = rtcpcolvco.

l:uVTaKTIKU oq>wv: yEV. KTllTlK1l 010 TO ttpavuata. Ta npaYIlOTa: uno«, TOU EIO. ortnpsuo, elvo; TO ortolo elvor aVTlK. UTO i:vO/-lr(,e. ao9&vfr KClTTlyoPOUjl. UTO miTa, TO anoia sLVOl OVTIK. 010 onoOelKvuvor TO ortopsue. etvcu TEA., OVT1K. OlO OUK i:{3ouAsTO. Toie; noAE~iole;: OOT. aVTlK!K1l 010 KOTayysATouc:;. YIYVEo8al: TEA. ortcpeurp., aVT1K. OlO OUK i:!3ouAsTO. "'1"J<PI(OlltvoU~: TPOTllK1l n OlTlOAOY· 1lT,(. ouvnuu, UTO ouxu; (= UnOK&lI-l. TaU yiyvsaear). Aa9Eiv av (= AaeOlSV av): elo. oncoeuo., ovnxelu. 010 evv, i:vo/-1l(,ev. rroiouvrec: unoeer. I-lTX. (ei ttoioiev » Aaeolevav: anM OKElj.!ll)· 11 I-lTX. TtSllKe OE OVOIlOOllK1l ovrt OlTIOT., &nEIOn o NlKIOe; 8EwpouaE TOV eOUTO TOU usocc TaU aUVOAOU (=om-ol). il oi cMol:

W opoc aUYKplOT]c.;. aUTWV (= TWV npaY/-lc.lTwv): aVTlK. TOU naBc.lvsTO. tATTf· i5o~: yEV. OIOlpET. 010 n, TO anoia slvor OVTIK. 010 napel)(e. TWV O<P&TtpWV: yEV. aUYKplTlK1l ana TO nOVf}pOTSpO. &0&0901: EIO. cncosuo., OVTlK. UTO i:Anii5oc:; Tl nopel)(e. TTpoOKa9~~&VOI: KOTllyoPlljlar. jlTX. nrto TO «aprepthcn. t· KTpUXWoeIV: elo. onupeue., aVTlK. UTO ew. evof.1ri;e. 8aAaaooKpaTouVTwv: ornoxov. IlTX. (11 1-lTX. onoxurn nvtt OUvlll-ll-ltVll oe OVOllaUTlKn 1l OlTlOTlK1l ouuqxovo I-Ie TO EW. urtoxsip .. TOU i:KTPUXW0E:1V [SA. Sel-la 12, EMnElIONOJ). rIa TOUe; urtoser. A.6youe; TaU KElllEVOU I)A. EMnED.ONO: EE;opnU.lEVOl unoeeTlKO[ MyoL POUhOllEVOV (= 6 i:{30UAeTO): emS8T./ovaq>op. I-ITX., OUVlll-Il-I. OlO TI. Evi50UVOI: TeA. ortopsurp., OVTlK. UTa {3ouAof.1Svov. roiq 'A9I"JvoiOI~ (euu.), Ta npay~aTQ (01-1.): OVTlK. TOU i:VOOUVQI.

44

META$PAI.H

·0 NIKlae;

- ortoppmrei lTIv rtooroon TOU lllll-Ioo9ZVT"J Yla anoXWPIlOT"J TWV A91lvalwv nrto Til LIKg/l.ta

- 810llydTGl lTI OUVZXIOT"J TIle; no/l.lopKiac;

• Ta gmX8iPIll-laTQ TOU:

a) ...

~) ...

AI:KOYMAI

EMnE4flNn

naTt 0 NIKioC; liE OUIlIJEpi~QI TI'!V (molJll] TOU dl]Iloo9tvI] Yla DIlEOI] 20 anoxwpl]OI] uno TI] :IIKEAia.

o ArJl.WOOEvYj£ AOL1IOV dXE teroio YVWf,tYj' 0 NLXLao; ouo»; nLO1:EUE ~E~ma xm U'lrt"O£ an Yj xmcwwoTj roix tlWV uuacpaAtle;, OEV tl8EAE 0WJJO; ue 'to A6yo vc tnv naQoum6.oH a08Evtl, OU'tE cororpoOL~OVW£ us 1.)Jt'tcpo mv avaxwQYJOYj cpaVEQ6. OE noAu6.Ql8f,tYj OUYXEVLQWOYj vo anoxaAUcpTOUV 01:0U£ EX8QouC;' YLmi, ov Exavav coro, f,tE f,tEyahrtEQYj xm6. nOAu OUOXOALa [VOf,tL~E OTt] Oa ~EcpEUyav'ty]v nQOOOXtl, otnv 8a tl8EAav vo cpUyouv. E~aAAOU Yj xm6.owOll 'tON EX8Qwv, an' o.n f,t6.8mvE nEQtOOo'tEQO uno 'toue; 6.AAoue; o'tQa'tl"jyoue; YL' aun'j (tqv xm6.0'taOll 'tWV EX8Qwv), TOU EOtVE aXOf,tYj x6.rtotn EAniba OTt 8a tlWV XElQOTEQT] ano 'tl"j OlXtl LOUe;, ov E:rttf,tEiVo'VV [at A8T]vaim] va 'toue; nOALOQxoUV' ytmi [niOTEuE on] 8a E~aV'tM)oouv amouo; (toix IUQaxouOLOUo;) Myw EMEL1.)JT]o; Ecpooiwv, xm f,taAtOW xa8600 f,tE W nAoia nou btE8E'tav dxav 'tl"j oUYf,ttl EXctYT] nOAu f,tcyaAu'tEQT] unEQoXtl ern 8aAaOOa naQa nQw'tU'tEQa. KL axof,tY] YLmL UJ1l1QXE f,tLa f,tEQLoa xm one; IUQaXoUOEe; rtou tl0EAE va naQabwoEL 'tl"jv nOAYj OTOUC; A8't1vaiouo;.

1. anOi5&IKVUVOI, qJl1q>I~Oj.ltvouC;, Ao9&lv: No yivel XPOVLKr'j OVTlKOTo.mOOT].

2. flotu ueroroonn ueicrovrca rc ortopeuorrro (£LOLKo. KOL T£ALKo.) KOTo. Til uercupopo TOUe; ana TOV Mo.YlO A.6yo OLOV susu:

E~apTlllltvOI uno9ETIKOI Aovol

OVOJ.lo.~OVTOL eroi 01 Un08eTlKOi A6yOL nou O£V exouv we; crrooocn av£l;o.pTIlTIl (KUpLO) npoTOOT] aMo. i5&UT&p&UOUao (ouvf]8we; elolKl']) np6TOOT], anoptj.lq>aTo 1) j.I&TOx~ (ouvf]8we; KQTIlyoPllllaTlKr'j), n.x.:

a) TO TWV nOAE/-liwv taoVTOI novnooreoa TWV r'jjJ€TepWV, flv KOPT&PWIJ&V noooxaenusvc» (w8ue; UnOS8TLKOe; A6yoe;).

To nov noAs/-liwv eAniooc;". napeixs novnooteoa TWV oqeteotov ta&a901, I'jv KOPT&PWOI npooKaer']/-l€VOI (&l;apTIllleVOe;).

~) A6901j.l&v av, OnOT& l3ouAoilJ&9a rl crtorcv l3ouAwj.I&9a (&u8ue; Un08&TlK6e; Myoc;) ,

[tV6J.ll~& 1 .Aa9&iv av, OnOT& 130UAOIVTO (&~apTlllltvOe;).

y) 'Eav TIVO Aal3wj.l&v, unapxn I'Jlliv aVTi nov e voo V, flv 6.pa Tuxwai T1Vt:C; e(wYPTJ/-leVOI (unOSeTIKo[ MyOL os w8u Myo).

'E{3ovAovTO oxpiatv, &i nvc Aal3ol&v, un6pX&lv aVTi TWV evoov, ~v 6.pa T1Jxwai TlV€C; eZ;wYPl"JjJevol (&~OPTIlllevOl).

0) ttovrec QV 01 avopSC; awgei&v, ci j.ll'J V&VOITO /-lam (&u8ue; Un08eTlKOe; Myoe;) ,

Oi E>ry{3afOi ewpwv m:ivmc;, Civ TOUC; ovopac; aW9&VTOC;, ei jJl'! VtvOITO /-lam (&~QPTIllltvOe;) .

45

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KAEllilA

• OOKW av yevea8m

• uno TOU }'6yol) eE;oYPloiveoem

• otmj> anoKpivoOeOl

• Mlj 0(01) OUK QV UnOKoTOMivea8ol «oi Olmpee!pelv, vnsiKelv Kat au ono1)06- sew

o epaaiijJoxo~ &n&jJ!3aiv&1 jJ& EnEI006IDKO rpono tTY'l ou~rjTlloll avojJ&oa OTO IWKpOTI'J Kat TOV noMjJapxo Via TO TI &ivai 6IKOI00UVIl,

21

KaL tyw CtXouaa£ t~ErtA.6.yl]V xaL nQoaBMnwv amaV t<poBou!ll]V, XaL [lOL 6oxcO, Ei [ll] nQ0't:EQo£ £WQUXT] a111;aV ~ tXELVO£ tIlt, acpWVO£ frv yEvta8m. NOv 6E ~vLxa uno tau AOYOU ~QXEtO t~aYQLatvw8m, JtQoatBAE'ljJa rnrtov JtQOtEQO£, matE 0(1)1;0 olo; t' tYEv6!lT]V CtJtoxQLvaa8m, xai elnov unotQ£!Awv' TQ 8QaaU!laXE, !ll] XaAEJta~ ~[li:v 'La8L' el YUQ u t~a!laQtUVO!lEV tv TfI tcOV A6ywv axbjJEL tyw ts xaL DOE, EU la8L OlL axoV'tE£ <l[lagtUVO[lEV. Ml] yaQ ()~ olou, Ei !lEV XQuaLov E~T]tOU[lEV, oux av J't01E ~[la£ £xovm~ slvci unoxmaXALvw8m aAt.f]AOL£ tv TfI ~T]n)aEL xaL 6Lacp8ELQHV ti]v EUQWLV mrroii, 6t:x.moaUvllV 6£ ~T]touvta£, nQuY!la JtOMcOV XQuaLwv tL!lLWtEQOV, £nEL8' oihw~ aVOlltW£ UJtdXHV aAA,YtAOL£ :x.aL ou aJtou6u~ELV OtL !AUALam cpav1lvm aUlo.

(m.a-rwva, nOAIT£ia, 336 doe)

rAlataalKG t~EnA6v'lv = naVIKO~A.r,eTlKa, 1;acpVIOOTIlKa. apXOlJal (+ TeA. anapE/-lcp.) = apxi~w va. t~avplalVOlJal = E:SaYPIWV0l-lal, ovpreixo. UnOTptlJW = rpeuco Aiyo. xaA&nOe;, -~, -ov = oUOTIlP6C;. '" oKttj.ne; Tlilv A6vwv = Il E#TOOT] TOU ~flT~I-lOTOe;. unoKaTaKAfvolJal = KOVW CPLAocppovr,aele;, unoxwpw. tKoVTae; EIval = 8EAIlI-lOTlKO. Un&IKW (nvc) = unoxwpw. on lJeAIOTa = ooo TO ouvar6v KaAUTE:pa.

I.UVTDKTIKG ClKouaac; (= erte! fjKouoa): XPOVIKr, J-lTX. ouvnup. npoal3A&nwv: TPOmKrl J-lTX. ouvrjuu. nporepoc: ernppnucr. KOT11YOpoull· rtou OTlAwVel osroa. cupWVOC;:

KCITIlYOpoull. av y&vta9al (= QV tyevoW}V): elolKo OUVflT. ortopeurp., aVTIKdl-l. oro OOKW. tyw: urtox, TOU OOKW KOI TOU QV ysvEoBal (tourortpooumio). ",vIKa ... t~avplafvEo9al: oeUT. XPOVIKTl rtpor. uno TOO k6you: el-lnp6e. rtpooOIOp. TIle; crnoc. t~ayplOlvEo901: TE:A. cmcpeue., OVTlK. oro r}PXSTO. rrocrepoe;: ernpoqucr. KCITIlYOPOUI-l. nou ollAwvel osroc. aUT@: aVTlK. ere 6.noKp{vaaBar. oioe;: KOTTlYOPOUIl. cro ew. eyw. cmOKplvaa9al: cncoeuo. TIle; avacpopae; one TO aloe; r, aUl-ln7l.r,pwl-la cro oloc; T' EySVOWJV. rl}Jiv: OOT .. OVTIK/Kr, oro xaAenoe;. 11: ouororro aVTlK~ oro t~a/-lapT6.vOJ1ev. CKOVT£C;: ernponurrr, xcrnvopouu. TOU rportou, EKoVTac; elvm: cnoxuro cncpeucoro. CV unoxcTaKAfvEo9al, 6Iaq>9EfpEIV, UneIK&IV, anou66~&lv: ElO. ortnpeprp., OVTIK. cro ofou. rllJac;: urtox. TWV anapellcp· Kal Tile; I-lTX. (r]TOuvme;. aM~Aole;: OVTIK. TaU unoKamKAivsaf)al av. ourou: vev. OVTlK/Kl'j oro eooeo». ~I1ToOVTae; (= tv ciJ (r]TOU/-lev): XPOVIKrl J-lTX. ouvnpu. npaYlJa: rtcpcaeon. xpuafwv: yev. aUYKpITlKr; ana TO TI/-lIWTSPOV, TO onoio slvor em8eT. rtpocoicp. oro npovua. aM~AOIC;: aVTIK. cro urrsiKSIV. QlDVl'jvOl: TE:A. anopeV(j)., ovnxelu. oro ottouo6.(elv.

46

METACiJPA.E.H

• H uvrtopcon TaU LWKPCTIl ono TIl creon TaU epOCTl)I-l°XOU

• H ortovrnon TOU LWKP6t11 crro epocrUJ.lOXo· OITlOil.6YT]an TOU rponou €~8- TOO1")<; TaU ~T]TijI-lO- 10<; TT]<; OlKOIOOUVT]C;

A.I:KOYMAI

EMnEMlNSl

21

Ki EYW, !JOAt-; 10V oxouoc, sacpvtaoUJxa XaL XOLla~Ovta-; toy CPO~O!JO'llV' !l0'll cpa[VElm !JaA.LOlU on 80. 'xava lY] cpwv~ uou, av ()EV 10V flXa nQooEs,EL EYW nQ<.O"tl.YtEQa an' on EXE[VO-; E!JEva. TWQa 0- !JW-; otov aQXL~E vc ESaYQLwvElUL ano LY] O'U~~UJ0Y], nQoA.a~a xm 10V xo[msa nQWLO-;, WalE !J-1toQwa vn tou anaVL"ll0w xru lQE!JOvrcc A.[yo rou E[na: «8QamJ!JaXE,!lY]V ELom a'llotY]Qo-; !Ja~[ !Ja-;' YLm[, av xavO'Uw: x0.nmo mpaA.!Ja oty]V ES,E1U0Y] tou ~Y]t~!Jmo-; XaL EyW xm amos E6w, vn SEQW; xaA.a on 10 XaVO'll!JE a8£A.a !JaS. MY] vO!J[tu.; A.omov on, av 1paxva!JE vet ~QoV!JE XQ'llOacpL, OE 80. 'UnoXWQouoa!JE 8EA.'fJ!JmLxa 0 Evas otov ano OLY]v uva1;~UJ0Y] XaL 80. !JU1:aLWva!JE UJV avaxaA.mjJ~ too, EVW lwQa nou EQE'llVa!J£ UJ 6LXaLoouvn, nQaY!Ju mo nOA.U"tL!Jo uno noA.U XQ'llOacpL, [!J'fJ VO!JLtElS on] 'llnOxwQou!J£ tOOO avoY]lU 0 Eva.; orov ano XaL 6£ qJQovt[1;o'll!J£ va anOXaA.'llcptEL am~ [= 6lxaLOmJVll] 000 to 6'llvmov xaAU"tEQu».

1. No KALed OLOV [OLO )(povo 11 npOOLOKTLKrl TUN PllllOTLKWV rurtcov nou ortoVTOUV OTO Keiw:vo oe Ho8T]TLKO OOpLOLO.

2. nw<; eK'PepOVTQL 01 KupLee; rtporoosiq Kp[oeWe; KOL nwe; OL emeUIl[ae;;

o UTTo8&TIKOC; A6yoC; TOU OVTi8&TOU TOU TTPOYIJOTIKOU OTOV TTAaYIO Aoyo

Vnogeol'J: e! + ooumst; lomprKou xpovou (oe lleTQ~6..Me-rQL OLOV nMYLo Myo os eUKTLKrl TOU n.ll.OYLou Myou).

Anoi5001'J: -eLOLKrl rtpor, + (KUp[W<;) OUVT]TLKrl OPLOTLKrl

- nA6YLa epwTT"II.l· rtpor. + (KUp[WC;) OUVT]TLKt'] OPLOTLKt']

- .I.lUVT]TLKO cncpeuqxrro

- .t.UVT]TLKrl KaTT]yopT] IlQTLKrl IlTX· n X:

a) n.A.: Ei wi tWPOKI") - i50KW Q(/Iwvoc:; av YEvtoeOI.

E.A.: Ei IJTJ tWPOKI") - acpwvoc:; av tYEVOlJl'Jv.

~) n.A.: ei. t(I")TOUIJf:V - Ill'] olou OUK av ... UnOKOTcKAivEo9al.

EA: el t(l")mulJev - OUK av unoKoTEKAIVOlJeeO.

y) nA: Totrto IJi;v iate, on ouo' av tywye tOTQoia~ov, ei 6iVtov eueoee.

EA: oui5' OV t.YWYE tOTaoia~ov - e! 6iVtov eiAeaBe.

0) n.A.: Eu faBr IJl")otv elV IJE TOrfrWV tmX&IPrJoCVTC, ei ewpwv.

EA: Oui5tv QV tyw mUTWV tn&Xeipouv, ei ewpwv.

47

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KAEll1lA

• TO .. , yeveaEor

• on OUK QV ciYQVQKToil7, .. , ciMci, .. QV r)yo[08s

• TOi<; ciaeevsorcirol<; anoi5ei5oTQr

• rwv QUrwv TIjJ f3sATi- 0'T!p

"Eva<; apl(JTo<; 1~IWTIK6<; A6yo<; tJ& anou~aia un66&0f) eK(JIwV&lTOI aTO «ev l!.&A(JIlviw» ~IKao-njplo.

22

Flsol JtOMOU &.V JtOLT)Oat[tT)V, OJ &'V()gE£, to tOLOUtOU£ u[tu£ E[toL ()LXaOta~ JtEgL rooro» tOU JtgUy[lato.; YEVEo8m, oloi JtEg &.v U[tLV aUtOL'; Etl']tE tounnc JtEJtov86tES' E'lJ yag oW em, sl TI]V am~v yvw[lllv JtEQI, trov aAAwv fXOLtE, tlVJtEg JtEg" U[lrov au'trov, oux &.v ELl'] aOLLs OUX EJtL tOL'; YEYEY1l[lEVOL'; ayavuxtOLTJ, aAAa JtUvtE'; &.v JtEgL trov t6. tOLaUta EJtLtTJ()E'U6vtwv La.; STJ[lLU'; [lLXgU'; ~yoio8E, Kei rcuLa oux &.V ELTJ uovov Jtug' U[llv oiJtW.; tyvWO[lEVa, aM' EV (muon tft 'EMu()l" JtEgL LOULOU yug uovou tOU a()LxYt[tatO'; xaL BV ()l)[toXgatL-;t xal BY oALyaQXl-;t ~ aln~ LL[twgLa tOL'; o.08EVEOLUWL'; JtQo,; rou; tU [tEYLota 6UVU[tEVOU'; Mo6E()otm, WOtE LOv XElgLOtOV rcov amwv WYXUVELV L0 BEAtLOUjl.

(huO'io, YTTtp TOU EpOT00'9tvouC; '!'OVOU OTToAoyfo, 1-2)

rAWOOIKG napi l1oMou noioupc! TI = eKTl~W KaT! noALJ. OUK eOTIV oom; OU = 0 KO- 8tvoe;, 6AOI (taTlv De:; 1'1 oat«; = KanOlOC; / aUK ecmv De:; 1'1 oat«; = Koveie;). tl1lT'li5&UW = KOTOY[V0I-lOL I-lE KeITl, OmnpaTIw. ~'lIJ'a = Tll-lWplo.

I.UVTGKTIKG rrepi noMoO: eunpoa. npOOOlOP, nou 0I1Awvel ot;la. TO y&vto9al: cvnsstu 010 dv noinoaiunv. UIJOe;: urtoxeiu. TOU veveoecu. liIKaoTOe;: KaTllyop00~, 010 uJ.lae;, rrspi TOU npoYIJOTOe;: q_mp68. npoooiop. TIle; avo<popaC;, 0101: xoTIlYopou~, 010 EW, ul-leie;, TOlaOTa: OUOlOlXO aVTlK, 010 TIeTIOV80TE:e:;. rterroveOT&e;: urtoser. ~TX· aUVT")I-lI-l. (fLa TO xapoKTT")plol-l6 TIle; I-ITX. we; Un08eTlKJie; ~oe; 130118aEl 11 OUVT")T!KJi eUKTlKJi dv E:{I7TE:. flO neprccorepo 13"-, EMnE40NO, Aav8avOVTee; Un08eTlKOL Myol, nap6.oelY~o 1). OTt - OUK (IV eil') ... 6yavaKTOI'l: oeUT, elolKJi rtpor. nvnxeur, 010 oti5o, OUK (av) £il') oone; OUK: unoKei~. TOU (av) avovoxroin. tTli Toie; y&yevrwtvole;: qmp68, npOOOlOP, TIle; atrice. ilvnep rrepi U~wv alJTWV EW, tXE:Te: OEUT. avacpop. ncor. 6Ma novT&e; ... ~yoioee: oeUT, elolKJi rtpor., OVTlK, 010 oli5a' ouvoeeror I-lE TIlV rtponYOUl-leVT") elolKJi on - OUK dv dT] ... ayavoKTo[17 naPOTaKTIKa aVTl8eTlKa ue TO cMAa, &i exolTe (unoe.) - av 6YDVDKToi'l / av ~yoioee (anoo.): ouv8eTOe;* unoser. i\6yoe; nou 0I1Awvel TIlV ani\Ji OKtljJll. TO roicuro: aVT!K. 010 ettttni5WOVTWV, TOe; ~l')lJio~: aVTlK, 010 dv rjyora8E:, I.IIKPO~: KOTllYOPOUI-l, 010 Tae; (T]J-liae;. roum: urrox. TOU av ein svviooueva. Toie; 60gev&OTOTOIe;: OVTlK. 010 anoi5t:i50TQ!' TO jJ£YIOTO: OUOlOlXO ovnxeur, 010 TOUe; i5uvaJ.lSvoue:;, WOT& ... TUVXOV&IVT~ j3&ATiOTI!): oeUT, cuurtepcouoruci anapejlcpOTlKJi rtpor.: oIlAWvel TO anOTEi\eolla, TOV X&ipIOTOV: urtox, TOU TuyxaVE:IV. TWV OIJTWV: OVTlK, TOU TUVXaverv, T~ peATioTI!): OOT. aVTlK/K1l orto TO TWV OUTWV.

48

METAIIJPA:l:H

• Tl ~TJT6e:l 0 KaTTJYO· POUI-le:VOC; ono TOUC; OlKOOTEC;

• To oxermxo TOU

• AmoMYTJOTJ TOU OKE:mlKOU TOU

EPMHNEYTIKA

AXKOYMAI

EMnEA.nNn

nwe; npen&1 va &KIIIKOOT&1 1110 un66&OIl cp6vou Via lJolx&ia.

22

8a exnuouou noM, XUQLOL <:nxaatE';, "[;0 va cpav£L,,[;E YLa usvu OXEtLXa Ill': a'lJTi! LrJV un08EO'l1 ()LXumE'; ,,[;E'tOLOL, onOLOL uXQt~oo£ 8u ~aUatE YLU tOY Eamo aa.;1 ov £LXUtE na8£L 'tE'tOLOU EL()ou,," (nuQoIlOLa) na8~IlUta' ytUtL £lj..laL ~E~aLO£ OtL av £lXUtE yta rou; aMou,; LrJV Lcha aXQL~oo£ YVoollT] rrou EX£1:£ YLa tOY EaU'tO au.;, 0 xu8Evu-;2 8u ayavax"[;oua£ YLU ooo EXOUV (J'U1l~£t XaL oAOL 8u 8EWQOU(JUt£ !.UXQE£ U£ 'tL[.tWQLE£ YLU xstvoi»; nou ()LanQa1'tOUv ,,[;E'tOLa a()LX~!--latee KaL ama 6£ 8a xQLVOvtaV E'tOL !--lOVO E600 uAAa oe OAT] LrJV EAA<i6a' yLatL yL' auto 1l0VO'tO a6txT]!--la, XaL O£ 6T]!--loxQu'tLXO XaL Of oALyuQXLXO xa8£Otoo£, [EXH nUQaox£8d cero 'to VOIlO T] 6uvmotT]'to va] EltL~aME'tm T] ,bta 'tlllwQLa XaL oroo; noM u()uvatou£ XaL oroug noM LOXUQoU£ (xowcrvix«), Ill': anotEA£O!--la 0 nOAu uoovato; va EX£L'ta (6ta 6LXaLooIlma us tOY nOAu LOXUQO.

nepi TOUTOU TOU npaY!-IOTOC;: rrooserror vm TT) 1l00Xeio TlOU eixe oloTlp6~el 0 nAOUOlO~ aM6 oleqlSapllE:VOe; EpOTOo8E:VT)~ ce J36po~ TOU <jmllXou veeoovou EUqlLAT)TOU.

WaTt TOV X£lplaTOV nilv ounilv TUVXOV£IV T~ p&ATianp: 01 noM oouvcror KOI 01 TlOAU loxupoi txouv TO iolO OlKOlW!-lOTO IlOVO OTT)v rtepirrnoon rtou 01 oeun:pol TlpooJ36Mouv vuvouco TWV TlPWTWV, OTlOTe KOl Tll-lWPOUVTOl ortox; So Tl!-lWPOUVTOV 01 npdrrot ov npooJ3aMav yuvoiKa TWV oeUTepwv.

1. Na TlPOOOlOPlOTei TO eiooe; TWV UTlOSeTlKWV Mywv.

2. nOl'laOI!-l'lV, y&via8ol: No MISOUV OTT)v TlPOOTOKTIKrl OTOV iOlO xpovo.

Aava6vOVTS<; unOaSTIKOf -'0YOI

J\av9avovn:c; MYOVTOI 01 UTl08ETlKOi MYOI TWV onokov T) UTlOBEOT) AavBavel a) ce ilIa UTlOBETlKil 1l1X. (nopao. 1), 13) os Ilia aVaql0plKOLJTloBwKrl TlpOT. (TlOpao. 2), y) ce !-lla XPOVIKrl TlpOT. (nopao. 3), 0) oe Ill0 M~T) rl qlp6.OT) TT)<; TlpOT. (TlOp6.0. 4), e) oe Illa XPOVlKOlJTlOSITlKrl Tlp6T. (TlOPao. 5).

1. olo! ttep elV uf.1iv outotc £i'lT£ TOlaUTa n&nOV90TsC; (= ei ttenoveotec sinrs): oMil OKtljJT).

2. Kaito: oaTl<; (=ei m;) rOUrole; q>90v£i, T{VOI:; elV uf.1iv 6 rOiOuTOI:; cmoaxiaSal 050Ket ttovnpiac; (rtpovuonxo).

3. OT£ !-ltv OKOUOIT£ roue; tv dam rr,v airmv yvWf.1'1v txelv, J.1IKpae; tArri05ac; &ix&n me; KaB6050u (06PIOTTJ E:TlOVOAT)4J'l OTO TlopeA8ov).

4. ware Kai Civl:u TOU l)1l)O!-ltvou (= c;{ J.1r'] 05105otTO. .. ) toutou ~ftv (= (4J'1Vav): aTlA~ OKt4JT).

5. Tnv euyarepa ef.1oi AliaaT£, enev l)t~'la9£ orrolVa (npooooKw~evo).

1. E-'.eu8epa: ov i5l1(a~aTe auni rnv un68elJTl jJe rsroio tpono 6n",<; aKpI~w<; eo i5l'Q~a-re Kal Yla TOV ecuTO aac; ...

2. Ka-ra M~~: iSe eo UmlPxe Kavei, nou lie eo ovovoxroucs ...

49

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KAEIll.IA

• we; oeov u/Jae; eKAtE;ao8w

• worrep doome;

• npoorxev uuac

npooeyesv

• TOre; evavnouusvoic npooeyeiv r7 TOre; KaTOxapl~ow;vorc;

• UJ.1ac; ... eiooiac;

• orr ... ouvavral ! ... cv mi80rTe

• oi J.1tv MyovTee; a {3ouAco8e

'Eva<; A6yo<; liE noAITIKO nEplExollEVO nou VpCUpTT)Kt mecvev TO 356 n.X.

23

LUVEAY]AU8mE IlEV W.; Mov Vila.; E~ 6.navllov lWV Qy]8EV1WV EXAt~ua8m "to BEAtLCJtOV, WCJJtEQ b' ijoY] ampw<; ELM1E'; 6 nQux"tEoV tOLLv, OUX E8EAEL' aX01JELV JtA~V 'tWV nQo,; TjoOVY)V oY]f,ly]YOQ01JV1WV. KUl'tOL nQoO'fjxEv VWl';, dltEQ ~B01JAW8E ~Y]'tEIv 'to Lfi JtOAEL CJ'IJ1lt:pEQOV, IlC1.AAOV'tOl,; EVUV1LOUf,lEVOL<; "tal'; VIlE'tEQm.; yvwf,lm.; ltQoaEXELV tov vouv fjWL'; xmuxuQL~Of,lEVOL';, EtM'tu.; on'twv Ev8a6E ncQLOV'tWV ol f,lEV &. B01JAW8E AEyOV1E'; Q(_liSLWt; E~UltmaV 01JVUV1m (to yaQ ltQOt; XaQLV QY]8Ev EJtLaxo'tEL.'t0 xu80Qav vllat; 'to BEA'tLorov), urto 6E'twv Ily) ltQo,; TjoovY)v CJ'IJIlBoUAEuoV1wv ouoEv av rtrr- 80LLE 'tOLOU'tOV' ou yaQ fatlV onw.; av llE'taJtELam 6uVY]8EIEV Vila.;, f,lY) t:pUVEQOV 'to CJ'IJ1lt:pEQOV nomocvtsc.

(laoKpCITI1, n&pf E.p';v'lC;, 9-11)

rAWaalKG ouvtpXOIJOI '" OUYK£VTpU>V0IlOl. lirWllyoptw, -iii '" IlIAW 15r1l160l0 unoocro aTO Aao / (IlE KaKij cnucotoj ovopeuco 15TlIlaYWYlKo. npootxw TOV VOUV '" npoo£xw (08 KOTl). oroeoto TT]V rtoooom uou KOTCXOPI~OIJOI '" xap(~w O£ KanOLOV «m YlO va TOV 8UXaPlOTi]OW / KOAOK8UW. noptpxolJOI / n6pEIIJI '" (Yla prrropsc) ove~alvw aTO ~rllla YLa va IlLAi]ow I 01 ttapiovrec '" Ol al-lLAI1- tee, or prrtopsc. tmoKOT£W, -W '" plxvw OKOT6.0L ij OKlO / etuoratei T4J KQ- 80pdv upde; TO (3tAnoTOV '" one oqxnpel TT] 15UVmOUjTO va OlaKplven: TO 0- pLaTO. OUK tOTIV onwe; = 11£ KOV£VQ rporto, oe Kallio rtepirrrroon.

EUVTGKTIKG we; Mov ('" we; Dei): 11 omoxov. I1TX· os orncnxn ortoxurrr ouvoosusrcn 0- n6 TO we; KOI 011Awvel unOK/Ki] omoxovto, UIJOe;: urtox, TaU tKil.£~ao8Q1. tKAt~ooeOl: urtox. TOU oeov. wanEp Eii5oT&e;: 11 I-ITX. nou ouvooeueror an6 TO wotteo slvcn ornoxovuci KOl 15llr..WVel lJJeuoT'j cmoxovto. 0 npOKT&OV sonv: 11 nAoyLO epwTT]I1OT. rtpor. oelXVel I-IEPIKij cvvoic: exel 8£CJr) aVTLKEIIl. aTO eioorsc. IxeTIKo I-Ie TT] ouvTa~11 TIle; nM.Ylae; soorrnpor. rtpor, £Xoulle va napaTT]pi]oOUI-I8 TO e~ije;: 1) I] OUVTQ~I] npoOWrTCKrr 0: unox. npOKT&Ov: xcrrtvoo. Av6.AuCJr): 6 oef npax8ljvQl (T] npocnoruxn auvTa~11 eivcn KOTO KUPIO Myo no- 8T]TIKtl)· 2) I] OUVTQ~I] anoooomn (ournv rtporurost 0 IOOKpOTT]e;). Av6.AuCJr): 6 Def noattetv (evv.) updC; (11 cmpootorm OUVTO~11 eivcu KUptWe; cveovrrnxn). OKOUEIV: T8r.._ ortcpeurp., aVTIK. TOU e8tAere. npoe; lli5ovr)v: 811np68. rtpooOIOp. TOU oxonou. roic tVOVTIOUl-ltVOIe;, TOle; KaTOXOpl~OlJtVOIe;: aVTLK. TOU npooexerv. ~ Toie; KOTaXOpl~OlJtVOte;: W opoc aUYKplCJr)e;. Tale; YVWI-IOIe;: aVTIK. TOU TOre; evovtiouuevou; Eii50Toe; (;: ette! (OTe): ornoxov, IlTX. a IlouAEOeE: 11 avacpop. rtoor, aVTIK. TOU 01 MyovTee;. t~OnOTaV: TeA. onopeuq», aVTlK. aTO i'5uvaVTQl. Till KOeOpaV: OVTIK. TOU eruoxotet. uno TldV IJIl OUIJ- 1l0uAEuoVTWV (= uno TOtfrWV of prj oup{3ouJl.suorev .. ): rtoirrruco OtTiO' 11 I1TX· ovcoop. - unossr. 1J8 an65oCJr) TO av naeoas (anr..i] OK£lJJll). IJ&TOnEioal: TeA. oncpeue., aVTIK. aTO QV i'5uV7J8elev. IJIl nOlr)OOVTEe; (= e! IlrJ ttouiocuev / rroa]osra0: 11 uncser. I1TX· £XE:I crtooocn TO QV i'5uV7J8siev (anAT'j oK£lJJll)·

50

META"'PAE.H

'lllanIiJlwaeu:; I !:KTIwiael<; TOU prrropo

• Ynooe:l~e:I<; TOU pr']rope

• EmX~:IpijlJQTa TOU pnrooo

AEKOYMAI

EMnEMlNn

To &UXaPICJTO li&v &IVal Kal TO apUHO.

23

ACPEVO~ EXE'tE O'Uyx.EV'tgw9EL us Lr]V LMa O'tt l'l{)EJtEL ceco OAa auta nou eLJtW9rjx.av va EmMsEtE to x.aMtEgo, acpEtEgou, AE~ x.m YVWgU;EtEJtAEOV X.aAa 'tL JtgEJtEL vc YLVEL, be 8EAEtE vo cxoirte aAAOU';; Jtaga !lOVO ex.Eivou~ Jtou ayogE'lJo1JV yta EuxagLOLr]ml oa~. Koi OWD~, av ~£~ma 8£AmE vo. EJtLbLWSE'tE 'to O'U!lCPEgov tTj~ JtOATje;, 8a £JtgEJtE va JtgOOEXHE JtLO JtOAU EX.EiVOU';; JtOO av'tLtL8EV'I:aL ott,;; btX.E~ oa~ ano'ljJEL~ Jtaga 0' EX.ElVOU~ rtou oa~ XOAax.Euouv, ytatl yvwgL~EtE on cero toix; Ebw gij'tOgEC; EX.EivOL rtou oae; A£VE ama nou 8EAElE EuxoAa !JJtogouv va oa~ Esanmouv (YLml mrto Jtou ELJtw8TjXE YLa va EuXaQlOTi!OEl WU~ aXQOatE~ oa~ acpmgEL Lr] buvm6Lr]ta va blax.glvE'tE to aglO'tO)· aV'tL8na 'tmmE aV'tLowLXO 6E 8a !JJtogoucere va Jta8EtE cno exsivou; stou 610 00.';; O'U!l~OUAEU01JV yta EUXaglOLr]m1 oa~' YlmL curot f..lE xaVEVUV tocno 610 8u f,.lJtOgEoouv va oa~ f..lEtanELOO1JV, av 6EV x.maoTi!oouv qxrveoo 'to OU!lcp£gov 00.';;.

1. npoatX&IV, 1.1 ere n&iaOi , ~uvl1eci&v: Na ypocpEi TO W E:VIKO Kat W nA'l- 8UVTlKO rnc npOOTaKTIKT]<; TOU OOpiOTOU OTllV l<SIO cpwvi].

2. &VCVTIOUI.Itvou;, ncploVTwV: No KAl80uv ornv WKTlKr) KUl npOOTOK'TlKrl TOU l<Slou xpovou.

1. H anal)oo'l TOU unOe&TIKOU A6you nou ('j'lAWV&1 TO aVTfe&TO ana

TO npaYl-iaTIKa

Orcv 'l anOOOOT] TOU Un08E:TIKOU A6you nou O'lAtl.lVE:l TO aVTL8£TO one TO ncovucnxo etvcn 0 napOTOTIKO<; nov ortpootoruov P'lIlCrroov xpf}v i] txpf)v, t~&I, npoaf}K&V, t~iiv KTA., £LVOl<SUVOTO va rtopoxelnerot TO OUVllTIKO av. nX:

1. ei ~aav avapee; ayaBoi, &~iiv aUrDre; n)v apev'w OeIKVUVal.

2. Xpf)v at ae, eirtep ~aBa XP'IOT6C;, l-I'lvuTi]v yevea80l.

3. npoaqK&V uuac; eittep r,{3ouJ.saBe ('lTefv ... , I1CiAAov ... npoaexe1v TOV vouv.

4. Ei r,maTolJeBa oaqxix; on i]~el 6 Xetpiootpoe, ouoevav t('j&1 WV lJeMw ,.1.£-

yew

5. Einep I7v 6:vr,p oya86e;, &XPrtv av J1r7 ttaoavouox; apxe1v.

nAPATHPHIH: LTC rtopooelvurrro 1,2,3 TO <SUVllTlK6 avnapa>..E:inE:TQl OTllV crtoooon, E:VW OTa napaoeiYI-IOTQ 4, 5 un6.PXE:l.

2. napaTrlP'lO'l OTIC; Un09&TIK£C; Il&TOXtC;

LTD XapOKTT]PIOIlO I_Hac; I-ITX. 00<; urtoaenxnc (auvi]8ooc;) Ilac; ~O'leOUV: a) 'l 6.PV'lOT] (n6.vTO Ilri)

13) 'l unop~t) OTllV npOTOOT] <SUV'lTlKT]C; tKcppaOT]<:; (== <SUVllTlKrl OPIOTIKT], <SuVllTlKrl WKTIKT] , <SUV'lTlK6 onoceue., OUV'lTIKrlllTX-) tl lleMovTlKrlC; tKcppaOT]C; (I3A. EMnEMlNO 8tll· 24) rl oo~aOTlKou pT]IlOTOC:;. nX:

... av uettmeioat liuv.,a&i&v UIJOC;, Illl ipavepov TO aUJ1CPt;pOV rromcnvrec (E:OW auvoUa~OVTQl KUl 01 <SUo npouno8tOE:IC;).

51

KEIMENO

l:HMEIA KAEI'!)'IA

• fi auyyvWlll)V i!xoJev

• xpl') vOllii;e!V ... eupelv ciM.6 urro{3aAeiv

• i56~QV Ilei(w rr7~ urrQPXouOT)~

• tKdarol~ eunoio» OIv

• TOIOliTr]V ware

• exareoo TOUrwv

To noAmK6 np6ypojJIlO TOU laOKpOT'l (346 IT.X.).

24

Tam' ouv ~~Et6.(Ja~ anavta xat bLEAOwv nQo~ am6v, ilv !lEV tL 'LWV dQT]!lEVWV n !laAaXWtEQov il XmW~lEE(JLEQOV, ai:nw nlV i]ALXiav ti]v E!ltlV, ft bLxaLw~ av anavr;E~ auYYVW!lT]V EXOLEV'~V b' 0!lma T01..; llQOtEQOV (~lLabEbo!lEvm.;, VO!lL~fLV auta XQi] !ll] to YfiQa~ TOU!lOV EUQELV &'Ma to bUL!l6vLOV ullo~aAELv, oux ~!loii CPQovr;i,~ov aMa tf].; 'EAA6.bo.; XT]M!lEVOV, xat ~O'UA6!lEVOV rmrrnv re twv xaxwv anaM6.~m tWV naQ6vr;wv xat (Jot nOAu !ld~w m:Qd:lELvm M~av tf]s viiv ullaQXOuGTj';. Ol!lm bt a' oUx ayvoEl.V, bv toonov ol Geol ta tWV &.vOQwnwv bLOLxo"iiaw. OU yaQ am6XftQES oilLE tWV ayaOwv OmE trov xax.wv yLyvovr;m tWV au!l~ULv6vr;wv amot.;, aAA' £x6.(Jtm.; tounrmv Ewmav ~!l3toLOii(Jtv, WatE bL' aAAtlAwv i]!li:v £x6.lEQa naQay(yvwOm TOmWV.

(laOKpem" <!liAmno<;, 149·150)

rAwaalKU lilEPXOlJal npOe; &lJaUTOV = ouMOY(~Oj..lOL, eKTlj..lW. lJaAaK6e;, -r), -6v = (eow) oo8evi]e;, ClTOVOe;. KaTali&£OT&pOe;, -o, -OV = KOTWTepOe;. aiTlaolJal, -wlJal = K01TJYOpW. TO np6T&pOV lilali&liolJ£va = or Jo-oym [uoul rrou OTlj..lOOlelmjKov rtpumrrepo. unoj!oMw (+OaT.) == urtovopeuto, epnvero. Kr)lialJal (+ ysv.) = <ppOVT[~W. n&p1Ti91l1J1 = nepl(3OMw. yiyvolJal aUT6X&IP TIV6c: = oivw K6.Tl evspvrovroc curortoootomoc (j..lE TO iOlo uou TO Xi:PlO). &KOOTOIe; TOlaUTIlV &Vvomv tlJnOIOUOIV == eunvsouv (]'TOV Ka8tva (j..lac;) TtTOlEC; oKtLjJelC;. napayiYVOlJal = (vto np6.WOTa) vivouot, aUj..l(3oivw.

EUVTGKTIKU mum: OVTlK. TWV i;~enjaac; KOl oieA8wv. t~&T6oac: (=enav e~eTljanc;), lil&Aawv (= enav 0IeA8nc;): xpOVlKte; j..lT)(. (rtporepojpovo GTO j..leMov). TWV &iPIlIJEVWV (= roliTwv a dpTJTQI): n emeer. j..lTX. OE 8tOTl ve«. OIOlpET. ana TO Tl. lJaAaKWT&pOV, KaTai5&toT&POV: KaTTlYOPOUj..l. GTO n. n: aVTlK. TOU auyyvcilf.1TJV tXOlgV. fJv i5' 0lJola ... i5lai5&i5OIJ£Vole;: I'] unoser. rrpor. txel pf]j..lO TO evv. fJ Kat ortoooon TO aitui: (npoooOKWj..levo). 01J01a: KaTTlYOPOUj..l. GTO ev». nvc (TWV g{PTJf.1EVWI/J. role i5lai5&50IJtvOIe;: em8ET. j..lT)(. ce BeOTl i50T. aVTIK/Kf]e; GTO opo«; &up&iv, unopaA&iv: elolK6. onooeuo., ovnx, TOU VOf.1i(eiV· ouro unOK. TOU orrpoo. )(pr}. CPPoVTIl;ov (= enei rpPaVT[(gl), KIli56IJ&VOV (= enei Kr}OeTai) , pouA61J&vOV (= eng! {3auAnQl): Ol rps«; ornoxov. j..lT)(. eivm ouvrjuuevee; GTO TO oaif.16viOV. <'maAAa~al, TT&pI9&ival: rsx, oncoeue.. aVTlK. TOU {3ouA6f.1eVav. rcurnv (6.j..l.) , TWV KaKWV (euu.): aVTlK. GTO aTTaMa~ar. 0'01 (tj..lj..l.), 56~av (cu.): OVTIK. GTO ngpi8giVOi. Tile; unapxoUOIle; (= TQUTT]C; r, unapxgr):

EmBeT. j..lTX. ce 8eOTl yevlKf]e; OUYKplTlKf]e;. (OUK) ayvo&iv: £IOIKO nrtopeurp., OVTlK. TOU o/f.1Q1 (eueue; Myoe;: au QUK ayvoefc;). QV rporrov ... liIOIKOllO'IV: n nMyLO eporrnurrr. npor. oVTIK. TOU ayvag[v (Eu8ue; Myoe;: tiva tponov ... 0101- KOUOIV;). WOT&... napayiyv&0'9al TOUTWV: aUflnEpOOj..lOnKf] onapefl<pOTIKf] rtpor. (Ol']Jo-WVEl oxorto). TOUTWV: yev. OIOlpET. ana TO esaiepa aUTO e[VQI UnOK. TOU naoavivveoeai.

52

METAcj)PAI.H

• 0 pnTopac; S£wpei orno TWV ortouov cpvrrnxrov TT]V npoXWPT]~tVT] T]AIKia TOU,

£VW orrin TWV S!:TI~ KWV TO Bso nou evolaqJtp!:TGl Yla TT]V E.M.a15a

• nwc; 01 Seai puS~i~auv TO np6WOTa

Al:.KOYMAI

018&01 pu81110TtC; TWV av8pwRlvwy UTT08to&wv.

24

Acpou AWtOv E~EtaafV; OAo.. amu n01J oou f~E8fOa 'XaL "Co.. 1[1'0- QaaH<; coto TIl ~aaavo TIl<; AOYlXtlt; oou, av xau orto o..ma nou EXW JtfLL dVaL XCtnW£ atOVO tl xmOYtEgo (coto to ovnuevouevo), vo xmTjyogELe; TIlv TjAlXto.. uou, tT]v onotc OlXaLOAOYTjftEVa oAm 80.. O'UyXWQovao..v2• ov OftWt; (xCtnOLa cero to.. MYla uou) dVaL ouoin us 0- 00.. JtQ<.oTlJrEga 0l)ftOOlEUtTjXaV, nQEnH v« VOf..lt~He; on ama Of V tc ~gtlxo..v to.. Yl)Qo..tfLU uou, aAAa uou W evsnveuoe 0 8fOe;, 0XL yLatL qJQoV't'i~El euevo, aAA6. YlmL EVOLacpEQftaL YLa tTjV EAA6.00.. XaL 8EAEL XaL autil vc tT]V altaAA6.~Et ceto "Clt; 'tWQlVE<; O'UftqJOgEt; XfJ..L aEva va oe nEQL~a.AEL ue ftEyaMtfQTj M~a cor' amtlv rtou EXEtt; TWgo... EnLOlJe; VOfti~w on YVWQL~ELe; ue nOLOV "Cgono OL 8EOL Qu8ftl~ouv tu o..v8Qwmva JtQuYftmo... 81'0 oivouv Ol)Ao..On ue tc LOLa TOUe; tn XEglo.. OmE tTjv EutUxia oirte 'w; OUftcpOQEe; (01:0Ue; av8Qwnoue;), aAAa. Ef.l1tVEOUV OTOV X0..8EVo.. (f,lae;) XWQLaT6. tEtOLfe; aXE1jJfu; wan: IAf 0..ftOL~o..tfe; EV£QYELEe; va OUIl~o..tVH a' Ellae; to xa8Eva cno am6.3.

1. ZiI&A8wv, ciTlw, &up&iv, unoj3cAeiv, 6rraMa~cl, rr&pI9&ivOl: Na KAL80uv ornv npOOTaKTlKr, TOU i15l0U xp6vou.

2. &~sT6oac;, ZiI&A8wv, cpPoVTf~ov: Na KAL80uv crnv OPlOTlKTl TaU lJeMOVTO.

3. EXOI&V, VfYVOVTOI: No ~p88ouv ern yea 8AAllVlKn OIJOppl~a - nap6ywy6 TaUC;.

EMnEAn.Ntl MsAAOVTIK£C; &Kcpp6oSIC;

MeAAOVTlKEe; eKcppa08Le;, nou AelTOUPYouv we; an615001l TWV Un08eTlKWV 70..0- ywv TOU npooOOKWIJEVOU, etvcn:

a) '1 OPIOTIKrl Il&AAoVTO (eav (3aOtA8ur:; QMov OTpaTT)y6v nef.Jnn, j3oUArlOOIJOI uuiv ouwoxor:; dvor).

~) '1 unoTOKTIKrl 6Awv TWV Xp6vwv ('Av Ka8wf.Je80 OlKOI, ouoenote ouBev r'Jf.Jfv IJI') V&V'lTOI nLiv i5e6vTWv).

y) 'l ()UV'lTIKrl SUKTIKrl (murau Be aUK cJV 01.U:'iPTOIC;, ovneo 118ArlO!J 001).

15) '1 npOOTOKTIKrl (ijv uev ... 17 ... «arooeeatepov, ciTl(il Trjv r'/A1K{OV Trjv ef.Jr'Jv).

e) TO orrp6owna Prll.lCTC ()&i, Xprl, ... + oncp&l.Icp. (ijv Be Of.JOlQ to«; ttpotepov oIOOeOOf.JeVo1r:; 17, VOllf~&IV aUTa xpl'j .. .).

cr) 01 n:AIK&C; rrporcoerc, 01 T&AIK&C; I.IT}(., TO aTTOp&I.ICPOTO TOU oxorrou, 01 &vi50100TIK&C; rrpOTaO&Ic;,TO P'lIJCT1KO &TTI8&TC as -T&OC; ('Ecpa{3eim 1.11') 6- TTOAtowOI naVTC TO rrp6VI.ICTC. av KpaTrjowol) ...

1. nlo £h£u8gpa: ami TO A6yo 110u"

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3. l!.nh. n elJfuxio Kat n oUaTuxia.

53

KEIMENO

IHMEIA KflEIt.IA

o Gauj..ujt;w ei

o al;lOi KOTQIjJT)cpit;eoeiu, ... tXf:1 V

o ouc5ciC; nov clM.wv

o {3eATiouc; = ovo~aO"T. nArj8UVT.

o AAKlI110li'l~, 0 vIOe; TOU lilllOTlIlOU AAKII110li'l, KOT'lVopdTClI VIO AInOTo~io O"T'lV AAioPTO T'le; BouuTiae; TO 395 n.X.

25

8au~u~w 6E, W avbQc~ OlXaOtaL, ct tl~ aSlOL, faV ~EV tl~ ltQOOiovtorv tWV ltOAc~lwv Liie; ltQWtl1~ tUsEWe; l:ctaY~EVO~ Liie; OEutEQae; YEVl1tm, rourou ~£V betALav xma'4'11<pL~E08m, EaV OE tle; EV tOLe; 0- ltAhaLl; tEtaY~Evo~ EV tOL~ irl:JtEUOLV ava<pavfi, tomq:l O'Uyyvw~lJv EXClV. Knl usv oil, W aVOQEt; olxamai., tlYOUf!aL 6lxa~ELV tJf!CV; ou uovov tWV tsaf!aQtav6vtwv EVExa, aM' tva xal toUt; aMou~ tWV aXOOf!OUvtWY OW<PQOVEOtEQOUC; ltOlijtE. 'Eov f!£Y WLVUV tou~ ayvwta~ xoA6.~l1tE, ou6cl~ Emm -rWV aAAwv ~EAti.wv- ou6d~ yag £\:OEtat tOV tJ<p' tJf!WY xata'4'lJ<PL08Evta' fay bE tOue; £Jtl<pavwtcitoue; 1:WY tsaf!aQtav6vwv 1:Lf!WQ'fi08E, Jtavtce; rreuoovtrn, WOtE tomcp ltagaocLY!la1:l XQWf!cVOL ~cAti.OUC; eoovtot ol ltOALtat_

(Auafa, Kma M~lllla~ou, A', 11-12)

rAwaalKO npOOIOVTWV: I-.rrx. BVBOl_ TOU npOO&PX0l.lal / npcoeun = ncpouoictopcr, nr..l)aLo~w I noootovttov TWV nOAE/-liwv = tv KQIP4J /-la)(T7e;. KaTaq.tl1q1i~ol-loi TIV0t; ~elAiav = KaTa5LKO~w KonOlov YLa 5BLAla. we; 5ev..o. avoqloivolJol = cpa[voucu Ka8apo, el-lqlavl~oI-lQL. rtccoucnctopct. oUYYVWlJl1v txw TIVi = auyxwpw, a8wwvw xonorov. t~ol-lopT6vw = KOVW acpOA.I-IQ, rteqmo ce rtcporrnouo. clKOOj.l£W, oW = <ptpollaL us cnperrem, npoa~6.Mw_ 6, ., clYVWt;, -WTOt; = 0 OYVWOlOC;. eioeTol: l-IeM- TOU 07i5a. TII-IWpOUl-ial (ueoo) = (+ otTIQT.) TLI-IWPW konoiov.

I.uVTaKTIKO el TIt; a~loi - TOUTOU IJtv ~e:IAiav KCToljll1q1i~&aeOi - TOUTI.!' aUyyvWj.ll1v txelv: 5WT. omoxov. npor. (fLO neo.cooreoo ~r... EMnED.ONO). tov !-ltv ... Y&VI1TC1: 11 un08e:TLKTl rtpor. eXBL on0(001) TO (Q~rol) KoraI/JrJrpr(eaeal rtou tcoouvouel ue npOOlOKTLKtl (= Koral./JrJrpi(ea8e): npOa50KWl-levo. npooIOVTWV (= tv 4J ttoooiaoti; ye:v. onox., X_POVLKtlI-lTX· T£TOYj.I&VOC; (= e! «a! TeraKTOI / dv KO! reravuevoc n): evaVTLWI-IOT. I-ITX- I-Ie: OVTLK_ TO me; Ta~eWe;. TtiC; ~&UT&pOt; (n:l';t:we;): vev, KOTl)yoprUlaT. KTIlTLKtl. tov •.. aVOqlavf1 (un66e01)) - (a~1011 auyyvwl-Il1v tX£IV = auyyvw/-lrJv txeTE: (npOOlOKT.): npocboxcouevo. TOUTIp: OVT1K. OlD ouvvvdiunv tXt:IV. U!-IOC;: urtox. TOU eL5. oncpeurp. i5rK6(elv, TO ortoio eivoi aVTLK. OlO rjYOUjJOl. TWV t~O!-lopTCv6VTWV &V&KC: q.mp68. ncocoiop. rtou 51lAWV8L oxono. Iva ... nOltin:: 5WT. TEALKtl np6T.TWv aKOaj.lOUVTWV (= exeivtov / TOUTWV of QKoajJouar): 11 eruser. IlTX. oe 8tOl) ve«. OLOlpBT. cno TO TOUe; 6AAoue;. aw<ppOV&aT&pOuc;: xornvop. OlO TOUe; 6AAoue;_ tov .. _ KoM~I1T£ - oUi5&it; taTeI: npoa50KWI-le:VO. TWV aMwv: yEV. 5LQLpe:T_ orto TO ou&fC;. P£ATiwv: KOTllYOPOUI-i. OlD ou&fe;_ TOV UqI' U!-IWV KOTaljll'Jqllae£VTo = TOrJrOV 6e; KaTel./JT]rpia8rJ urp' upwv. UqI' Uj.lwv: nOLl)T. omo. TWV t~aIJOpTavoVTwv: yEV. 510lpeT. ono TO TOUe; enupaveotatouc. eov. .. Tll-lwpf)oge - rreuoovrc» npOa50KWI-le:VO. TOUTIp (= Tl7 TWV tmrpQVearaTWv TtjJwpi(1): OVTLK. TllC: unoasr. I-ITX. XPWjJE:VOI (= dv XPWvrQI - eaovral: rtpoo- 50KWI-IBVO). nopO~&lYl-iaTI: KOTllYOp. UTO rouu».

54

METACI»PHH

• H tKnll.ll~ll TOU piJrope

·0 oxortrx; TT"JC; 5[KllC;

• rlOT[ 5EV rroenei va TLIJWPOUVTOL OL oqmveiC;

aM6 oi mo onpoVTLKO[

AJ:KOYMAI

XPIl TII.IWp&ia901 Tau" &m<pOV&an'iTou" rev t~0l.lopTov6VTWV_

25

EXJtA~aaOf.!m, XUQlOL OtXa01;E~, nou XCmOlO~ EXEL tnv a~LOOO'r] vo xmaOtXa~E1:E yta bUAi,a xanow a'tQanci)'tTj, eov auto~ rqv wQa tr]~ f.!aXll £1 ELvm 'tOn08Etr]f.!EVO£2 crnv nQwtr] YQaf.!f.!~ xm ~QEeEL ern bEULEQll, xm, aV'tLena, vc a8wwvE'tE xcmmov aAAo, ornv rtzQlmooO'r] nou amos dvm xmmaYf.!E.vo£2 0't0'U~ onAL'tE£ xm nUQolJoicorei ovouso« orou; l.J[mL~_ Kca ~E~aLa, XUQLOL bLxaa'tE.£, VOf.!L~oo on WEts blxa~nE 0XL uovo YLa va 'tLf.twQ~aELE a1J'tou£ nov xaVO'UV mpaAf.!mU, aMa xru YLa vc xmua't~aE'tE ]'[LO auVEtOU~ xm roix anou£ uno EXEtVO'U£ no'U nUQEX'tQE.nOV'taL. Eov AOl.J[OV tuuoQELLE tou; acpaVEL£, xaVEl£ orto rou; ano'U£ bE 8a YLV£l xaAU'tEQO£, ytmL xavEL£ bE 8a f.!a8EL EXElVOV rtou xmac)L}<.aatl)XE coto oa£' av of.!W£ tlf.!WQELLE 't01.)£ mo O'r]f.!avnxou£ an' amou£ rtou xrrvouv acpaAf.!am, OAOL 8a 'to YVWQL~01.)V, WIJ'tE OL nOALLE£, EXOVW£ outo 00£ naQabEtYf.ta, 8a yLV01.)V xaAULEQOL.

1. avacpav!i, nl . .I("p~CJ9&: No Y[V&I &YKAITLKi] aVTLKOTaOTaCJr] ..

2. npomevrov, t~ollapTav6vrwv, sloovrm, rreuoovnn: No Y[VE:I XPOVlKi] 0- vTLKOTaOToCJr].

3_ I!&ATfouC;: No ovovvcxxcrei KOL va OX11I-1OTLOTOUV OL nMYLEC; rrrcoce«; KOl TWV OUO opLBl-IliN OlOV [OLO j3aBl-lo KOL OlO [OLO yevoc;.

EMnEMlNn 1_ nOpOT'lPr\otlC; aTIC; OITlOAOYIK£C; npOTOO&IC;

MeTa one PrlllOTa IjIUXIKOu noSoue; ()(oipw, uetauesouoi, aYOVOKTW, oioxuvojJac, BOUjJot;w,-.-l KOI ovrfOTOIX&e; &KCPPOO&IC:; (a€CVDV ton, BouJ-laOTDV tOTC, oiaypov eOTC, ... ) OKOAouBouv ouvi]BwC; OLTLOAOYLKec; rtooroce«; nou £LoaYOVTOt:

a) 1-1£ TO on (OVTLK/Krl omOAOY[O)' n.x, Ilr] 9aUIl0l;&T&. on noAAaKIe; uJ-lde; aUYKaAw / xofpw, fiTl EJuaoKljJefe; / .6&IVOV ouv ~v ou KoB' tv J-lDVOV TWV noavuanov, on Tae; rs vaue; anoAwAeKDTee; rrcooc aneaooouv.

~} W: TO &i (unoeenxn, QI-ICPLO~l1TOUI-I&Vll OLTLOAoyio)- n.x. 0oUIl0l;w Of, &i TIe; a!;cof toutou uev OE;c)"iav KOTal/J17CP{t;eaBac, TOUTrP ae auyyvwJ-l17V cXEJW. / "AX90IlOI, &i /-lr] oe odxno I OUK OUV aiOXPOv. et uJ-lefe; }'IB17VOfoc ovw:; {3apj3apov 6vBpwnov cpoj3r'JaeaBe;

2. napOTf]PrlCJCIC; OTOV TOVIOIlO TWV npwToKAITWV ouolcaTIKwv

To rtpcrroxxrto QPO&VLKa 1-1& napaywYLKi] KQTCtAllE;l1 -ITIle; (noA-ime;) exouv TO -I I-IQKPOXPOVO' srtouevuic TO -I rtolpvat rteproruouevrj Ol11v rrsptrrrcoon nou 11 t.i]youoa eivrn ~POxUxpOVl"'J. n.x- w ttosita, oi nosittu.

1. AMtw~: orov nl\J)mo~ouv 01 £X9pOl

2. M£To<ppaoa,,£ T1~ EVOVTLW"crr. "lX. T£myl'''vo,. TemYJ.iEVOC; ". p~"a KQI O£ T10pmaKTIKri OUVQWTl ue TO yeV1)TOf KQI 6volpOVf) ("""oo-raan).

55

IHMEtA KAEtl!.IA

• urrep TOO pry yiYVEOeOl

• rrl>rTlOTEUKWr:; TOfr:; 8EOfr:;, rorc V6POIC; xai UJi[V

• JiEf(ov TWV v6JiWV Koi TWV OIKO{WV

• 'E{3oul\6Jif/v OIOIKC[oeOI KO! ioxueiv

• el;ijv OUJi{30ul\EUfiIV

• T</! rrpEo{3urcmp ... rrapel\86vTI

• npoanoSelQ Tau AIoxiVTJ va rtcpe, ue TO !ltpoc; Tau TO 01- KOGTijPIO

• a AIOXIVTJS SEAeI va rovtost TT]v niOTT] TOU OTT] OTl!laKpatl' K1l Oia01Kacrio Kat GTO OTl!lOKPOTIKO nOMn:UIlO

56

26

A'

npoana9&la TaU AICJ)(IVIl va anOKT~O&1 TIJV euvoro TIIlV liIKOOTWV, KEIMENO

T~v ~EV 1taQaoxEvijv OQaTE, ill aVDQE<; 'ABl]vai.m, }taL tijv rmQaTa~lv oCJ'r] YEY EVl]1U L, xat ta<; xma tijv 6.yoQav DEijOEL<; m<; XEXQl]vtaL "tLVE<; i!nEQ tau ta i-!E1QLa xa!. Ta O'UvijBl] ~~ yiyvwBm tv Tjl1l0AEL' tyw DE 1lE1lLmEvxw<; ~xw 1lQo.nov IlEV toi.<; Bwi.<;, El1ELTU 10i.<; VOIlOL<; xal V!llV i]yOUJ..lEVO<; oVDEIli.av 1laQaoxEvijv IlEi~ov LOXUELV 1laQ' VlllV HOV VOIlWV xal TWV Dlxaiwv, 'E~ovM~l1v IlEV ~UY, ill aVDQE<; A81lvai.m, xai. T~V ~OVA~V toil.:; rtevtuxooiouc xaL to..:; E:xxAl]ola<; i!no LWV tCPW11']XmWV DQ8w<; DlOLxEi.08m, xal LOV<; vo- 1l0V<; OU':; EVOIl08ET1l0EV 0 ~OAWV 1lEQl Tij<; LWV Ql]10QWV EUXOOJ..lla<; iOXUHV, tva E~iiv 1(9 1lQw~muLql nov l10AL1WV, W01LEQ oi VOIlOL 1LQoolatt01JOL, ooxpoovo»; E:l1l.l0 ~iilla 1LaQEA8ovLL aVEU 80Qu~ov xaL laQaxii<; E:~ E[..LJtELQLa.:; Ta ~EAtLOTa Tjl1LOAEL O'U~~OVAEUEtV.

(A1OXivll. KOTe. KTlla"I)(~VTo<;, 1-2)

B' rMU:~IKA· rPAMMATIKA • ~YNTAKTIKA

napaTa~le; = nOAlTlKf] OPYOVWOll, qlarplo. 0011 Y&Y&VIlTOI: OWT. MOYlO epeTTII..IOT. npor .• OVTLK. aTO OpOTE. TO IJ&TP10 = TO OlKOtO. TO OUVrJ91l = TO VOuiuo. untp TOU I.I~ yiYV&0901: El-lnpo8 .. rtpoco. TOU OKOnOU. n&mOT&UKWe;: xpOV. - rpon. 1-lTX. ~YOUIJ&VOe;: OlTlOAOY. I-lTX. TtAlV VOIJWV, TldV ~IKoiwv: yev. aUYKpLTlK8C; mo pEfC;ov. TOUe; n&VTOKOoioue;: nopo8eOll cro rrjv /3ouJ..rjv. IVa t~ftv ... noAITtAlv - owq>pOVWC; .,. oul.I~ouA&u&lv: OWl'. TeAiKi] npor. (11 npor. eKql8peTat ue 0PlOTlKf] laT0PlKOU xpovou). TtAlV noAlTwv: yev. olOlpeT. nop&A- 90vTI: xpov. 1-lTX. cuvrjup. aTO njJ rrpea/3UTQTqJ. TO I3tATIOTO: aUGT. OVTlK.

["f' . META$PA:tH

BAE1LE1£, UvtQ£':; A8l]valoL, ll]V 1lQOE'tOlllaola xm 11']V 1LOAL1LXT) OQYUVWCJ'r] l1000 ~Ey6.All EXEL yi.VEl, XaL tt<; l1aQaXAijOEl':; 011']V ayoQu aLL£ 01LOLE<; EXOVV xmacpUYEL ~EQtxol ym vc unv EcpaQ~O~Ovtat 0T1lv l10Al] ta OlxaLa XaL 'tU VOf1.Lf1.U· EYro ouoi; EXW EQ8El EXOvtU':; anoxtij-

OEL llQrotU Ef1.l1WTOoUVl] OTOV':; Bwu.:;, E1LELta OTOV<; VOIlOV<; xrn OE oa.:;, E1LELDij motstxo ou Xaf1.La JtQoon:u8na DE oa.:; E1L1']QEU~EL l1EQLOOmEQO coto tou; VO~OV.:; xm ta Dlxma. 'HBEAa AOlJtOV, UvtQE£ A81']vctoi, xm l] ~OUAij tWV llEvtUXoolwv xm oi <JlJVEAEUOEL<; rou Aaou va DLEV8UVOVLaL OWOtu ano amcnJ':; rto» snurrctouv (etvca £1lLXECPUAij£)

xat vti EXmJV XUQO<; Ol VOIlOl1LOV VO~08ET1l0E 0 ~OAwVU<; YLU 't'YIV EV- 1LQE1LEla tWV Q11l0QWV, YLa va VJLijQXE l] bvVm011']Ta orov mo l]AlXLWIlEVO an01OV£ 1LOALtE':;, Ol1(j)£ aXQL~W<; oQitovv ot VOf1.Ol, ucpcnJ aVE~d OtO ~iji-!a, ~E TQ01LO AoYLX6 Xat EVl1QEJLij, XWQl<; CPWVE£ xrn taQUXE':; va DiVEL cero TYJV 1LELQa tou OT1']V l10Al] tL<; XaAUtEQE':; O'UIl~O'llAE<;.

IHMEIA KIIE:IAIA

• CiTI - tv TQUm ... nappnciac

• OIKaOWV ypa{{JI'/V napavouosv

• Ta nOAm;U~QTa KOI o rponoc AeITOUPy[a~TOU<;

• H Cilan;pr]OT) TWV VO~WV TT]~ nOAr]<; CJ1waiVEI KOI Cilan;PT]OT) TT]~ Ci'l~OKparice

« OTOV i510TIlPlleWOIV oi v61l01 Tn n6A&I, Ot;Jl;&TOI Koi ~ i51l1l0KpoTio».

27

KEIMENO

Eu lots, ill avoQEs 'A8ljvalot, ern 'tQEis dol, JtOAltEiat JtuQCt Jtoow 6.V8QWJtOLt;, t'UQawb; xal oALyaQXLa xui Oll!lOxQa'tia, OLOLXOUV'tat 0' cl !lEV TUQawLoE£ xci oALyaQxiat tOLt; tQOJtOL£ nov Eq:JWtl]XO'tCDV, at Of JtOAELt; at orwoxQa'toU!lEVat 'lois VO!lOL£ 'toI£ XEL!lfVOL£. Mlj()EL£ oUv U!lWV totrr' 6.YVOEl'tCD, 6.AAa .. aaq:Jwt; EXaatOt; Emctcofko, ern, orcv datn Ei<; OLxaatr'jQlov YQaqn1v JtaQaVO!lCDV OlXCt.otov, EV 'tau~ TfI lJ!lfQc,x !lfMEl 't~v 1pf\q:Jov Cj)fQELV JtEQl 'tfJ£ tamou JtaQQljo(UI;. 6.LOJtEQ xaL 6 VOlw8ftl]s 'tOUtO JtQWtov E'tUSEV EV 'tCP 'tWv oLxaa'twv oQxq.>, «1pT]q:JLOU!lat xm6. 'tOUt; VO!lo'U<;», EXELvo yE EU dOeD£, em, otnv oLatl]Qy]8wOLV ol VO(.lOL 'tfl JtOAEL, m.ptEtat xaL tl 011- !loxQatta.

(AIO)(iv'l, KQTe] KTlJOI<PWVTD~, 6)

II' rMl:t:tIKA • rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA

TloAm:ia = noxrreuuo, Tupavvic;, 6Alyapxia, ~rIlJOKpaTia: em:c,TlY!')ow; aTO tpeic. ToiC; rponorc: 50T. opyavlK!'). oi Tponol TWV tcpeOT'lK6TWV = 01 5lostow; E:KelVWV nou ec,ouOla~ouv. OIl - tv TauTn ... napP'loiac;: Tl 58VT. El(5lKrl rtpor. E:nE:C,TlYE:l TO TOUTO (6yvoeiTw). ~IKa~w ypacpl']v napavo).lwv = 5lKa~w KOTOyye:i\(O rtporuonc ncpovouou 4JTl<pIOI-IOToc:;. napav6).1wv: yev. TTle: orrloc. ~IKaowv: Tei\. 1lT)(. qlipw Tl']v ~i'Jcpov = ano<pao[~w. orov eioin - ).IiM&. qlip&lv: coo.ern e:nav6i\Il4J1l aTO nap6v Kal OTO W:Mov. OTI - ot;l~ETal Kaj r'I i5'lJ.lOKpaTia: 11 (5wr. 8l5lKrl npor. 8nE:~Tlyei TO SK8fvo.

META4JPA:tH

rVWQi,~EtE XaAa, avtQE£ A8l]valOL, on a' OAO tOY XOO!lO 'tQia E(Vat ro JtOALtEU(.lata, 'to TUQawLxo, to oALyaQXLxo Xat to Oll(.lOxQatixo, %at on tn TUQaWL%Ct. XaL 'ta OAtyaQXLxCt. JtOAL'tEu(.lata OlOLxouvrru ouuqxovo, !lE U£ bLa8EaEL£ amwv nou xmfXouv rnv fSO'Uoto, EVeD OL JtOAEt£ ue oT]!loxQa'tLxo JtOAL'tE'Ulla aU!lcpwva (.lE toix vo(.lo'Us rtou LOXUO'UV. KavEL£ AOLJtOV uno aa<; vo (.ll]V ayvoEL tonto, aMa va sEQn xaACt. OtL, otov HOfQXE'tat cto bLxaaniQLO yta va OLxCt.OEL XataYYEALa JtQOta<IT]£ naQCt.vollo'U 1pl]q:JLO!la'to£, tl]V ll!lEQa a'Utr'j JtQOXELtat va aJtocpaaLaEL Xat YLa tl] oLxll rou EAE'U8EQoatOuio; I't' mrro aXQL~w£ Xat 0 VO!l08Etl]<; 1:OutO nQMo fLasE orov oQxo nov blXaatWV, «8a anoq:Jaai,aw ouuqxovc (.lE LO'U£ VO(.lo'U<;», yLatl YVWQltE XaACt. OtL, otnv olatl]QT]80uv oi VO(.lOL Yla XCt.gT] tl]£ noAl]£, OLa.tl]QELtat Xat II Ol](.loxQa't(a_

57

IHMEIA KAEIAIA

• KOKeivo. on. ..

VOl

TO vevpaeota

• KoAci(STe TOUe; TrOAI-

teuouevouc

• Kai.: SLI 0100

• Tt rtpsrtsr, KQTo. TOV AtOXIVT]. va i:xouv OTO YOU TOUC; Ot 5tKaOTi:<;

• Tt rtpenei, KQTo. TOV AtOXivT]. va KOVOUV Ot 5tKaOT€<; Kat 1lE: nota rtpourtoaeon

• n6TE: Ot 5tKaOTE:<; ea nnpouv 5IKOle<; .... orroecce«;

58

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l:HMEIA KAEldlA

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• dry TO eova (OTTlKr'j auvmE,ll)

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• o<:oI6T.se; ... J1/j ...

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'Ep&uva Via TIJV Konrj TWV EplAwv_

33

KEIMENO

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(AvliOKi15lJ. nepi TWV MUO"T'lpiwv. 36-37)

B' rl\Jl~~IKA· rPAMMATIKA . ~YNTAKTIKA

6VT&~, (50KOjjVT&~: eruser. I-ITX. ~IlTrIT~e; = epsuvnrnq, ovoxprmc; we; &ill ... KOTOA.UO&I: i5WT. eli5. rtpor., OVTlK. TOU iAEyov (11 rtpor. eKq>tpeTOll-le E:UKT. "TOU nAaYlOU A6you). eni Tn KOTOA.UO&I: £l-InpoS_ npoociop. TOU oxonou. Xpi\VOI: elO. oncpeuo., aVTlK. cro iAeyov ("TO iM:yov OUVTaOO£TOl eow IJ£ £1i5lKt'j rtoor, Kat £li5lK6 crtnpeurp. nou OUVC5eOVTOl I-I£ToE;0 TOU<; 1-1£ TO Kai [nap6.MoE;ll 00- V"TOE;ll<;]). &n&I(51'1 ". clvElnol iivol / Koi ... Ka8tAOI: Mo i5WT. xpov.-unoSeT_ npor. (o; WK"TlKe~ enaVaAllffilK8<;)' onoooon TO nel (OOPlOTf] £naVOAllliJll oro nopeA-Sov). clV£lnOI: WKT_ cop. W TOU avayopeuw. Ka8a,pw TO 01l1J&IOV = KOTe~a~w Tf] onpclo. IJ~ ouAA'1q>8&11l: i5€UT. svootcor. npor., aV"TlK. Tf]~ atnOA_ I-ITX. &Ql0Te<;. &nop8&1C;: omox. I-ITX· &ie; TploKoafoue;: KOTllyop001l.

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63

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64

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34

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(AVi50Kfi5~, n£pf TWV MUOT'lPfwv, 56-57)

B- rAJlEEIKA· rPAMMATIKA . EYNTAKTIKA

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35

KEIMENO

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B~ rMlI.I.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • I.YNTAKTIKA

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(lao iou, n&pi ~ou nuppou KArjpou, 3-4)

B' r.MI.I.IKA· rPAMMATIKA . :lYNTAKTIKA

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37

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'QS; OUV xma 'tOU<; VOf,tOU<; tYEVELO .~ nOll]CJlr;, LOmO Uf,tUr; ~OUAOf,taL ElLOaSaL. Kui f,tOL 'tOY VO!-tOV mrrov avayvw8t, oe; XEAE1JEl to. EamOV tSEivm oLu8E08m onwr; &.V £80.:n, tav f,t1l nalOEr; &'QQEVE<; wm YVijCJlOL. '0 yaQ VOf,t08Et1]<;, W aVOQE<;, OtU toirro 'tOV VOf,tOV #-- 81]XEV omw<;, OQWV !J.OvY]v talJtY]v xmuq:tUy~v ouorrv riir; EQY]!J.Lae; xa!' naQa1jJUXllV tOU BLO'U toI<; anmCJl tWV av8Qwnwv, LO ESEivm nOLijoao8m ovnvc av BoUAWV'tm. L1tMvtwv oirv TWV VO!-tWV am(il nOLEio8m OLa to dVaL anmoa, Ef,tE nOLEiLm, OUX tv oLa8ijxmr;, w aVOQE<;, YQct'ljJar;, f,tEAAWV Cmo8vnOXELV, wmIEQ &'MOL LLVEC; tWV noAttWV, oub' (W8EVWV, aM' uYLaivwv, EU qJQOVWv.

(Iuaiou, n&pi TOU M£V&KAtOU~ KA~pou. 13.14)

8' rAfl:t%IKA· rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA

'ne; OllV .. , Ii nOlr)OIe;: 08UT. 8101Kr'j rtpor .. UVTlK. TOU OiM~Ql. TOlITO: surpcnK6 aVTIK. TOU oii56~Qi. lila9to901: T8A. ortcpeutp., urtox, TOU ortpoc. e~£fvQi. cnwe; tiv t9t"n: 08UT. avac:pop. napa~oA. - unoasr. rtpor. tov 1,111 WOI - t· ~Eival lila9t09al (= e~earw ora8ea8or): 8~apTTwtvoc; urtoser. MyoC; TOU npoaooKUJfJ,EVOU. opwv (= oron ewpo): amoAoy. fJ.TX. ouoav: KaTTlYopru.lOT. ,.HX. ncpalfluXrJ = ncpnvopic. TOil; (maIOI: OOT. npoawn. KTT]TlKr'j. TO t~Ei· VOl: 8nE~r'jYll<111 aTO !Jovr/V TQUmV KoraC{JUYr7v Kai TWPO!/JUXr7v. lilli6VTWV (= err£lor7 orooaai): yEV. an6A., atTIOA-OY. fJ.TX. IlE urtox. TO TWV VO!JWV. rroroupm = ulo8eno. IltMwv, aa6EVWV, uYlcivwv, Ell <pPOVWV: xpOV. 1lTx_.

METACI)PA%H

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67

IHMEIA KAEIt.IA

• erTOIVsiv njv n6Alv, roue TE:TeAeUTr]K6c roc, rov CTrpQTT}y6v

• oleE;levQI... iKQv6r;

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[3) 01 <JKOTWIlEVOI E~aITiac; ...

y) 0 I\EWaElEVT)C;, YLmt...

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68

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38

KEIMENO

> A;wv bE fOTLV EnaLVElV 'rilv !J.Ev nOAlV TJWDV Uis; nQOatQEOHOS; EVEXEV, 'to nQOI::AE08at O!J.OLa xnl EtL OE!J.vOLEQa xaL XaMtOJ 'trov nQo'tEQOV airrf1 ntnQayw:vOJv, 'tOils; OE 'tELEAE1JTI]XOLW:; nis; avoQdac; nic; EV'tqJ noAE!J.C[l, 'to [l~ xmatoxDvaL 'tac; rcov nQoy6vwv aQELaC;, "tOY Of OLQaTI]Yov AEOJoBEVl1 Ola aWPO'tEQa' tils; rs yaQ nQOatQEm::OJS; slonYIl'rils; 1fI nOAa EYEV£1:0, xal nic; OLQmd,aC; TJYE!J.Wv 'tOlS; nOAtLaLl::; xc'tEOTI] , IIEQ!, !J.Ev OllV tils; nOAEOJS OtESU~Vat 'to KaB' EKamov mv nQo"tEQOV ncwav 'rilv 'EAAaoa EUEQYETI]KEV oUtE 6 XQOVOS; 6 naQwv lxavoc;, oiite 6 XatQOS aQ[lOnOJv 'tq) !J.axQoAoYElv, OUtE Q¢OLOV Eva ovLa toornm«; Kat TI]AtKamaC; nQaSElS; EnEA8ElV xal !J.VllflOVEUOat-

B' rAn:t:tIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA

tnolveiv: Tei\. oncocuc., unoxsiu. rnc ortpoo. EKcppaOr]!:; 6';iOV ian npoofpeale; = emi\oyi), ortoeoon. npoolpoU~OI = eKi\tyw, onoq>aa[~w. TO rrpoe.\tOeOI, TO ~r1 KOTOIO){UVOI: meSllyi)OEL<;- TWV nenpoy~tvwv sruasr. IJT)(- oe 8£011 ve«. OUYKPlTlKi]c: ana ro OE:jJVOTE:PO Kat KaM.iw. otiri'J: OOT. TaU rromr. atT[OU. Tile; npoolptOtWc;, Tile; OTpOTeioe;: yev. aVTlK/KtC; oro d01")Y'1T1)C; Kat rjYE:jJWv. TO ortoto elvOl «rmvopouuevc. ~lt~tPXO~OI = i5lIlYOUIJOl j..le MmoIJEpelec;, ~lt~ltVOI: oncpeurp. TllC; cvccoooc aTO iKOVOC;. IiIv (TO ni\i]pec;: TOUTwva [ti\SIl ovcoopecoul): aUaTOlXO aVTlK. ap~6TTwv: KOTTlYOPT1IJQT, j..lT)(. aTO ev«. eon. Ttil' lJoKpoAoy£iv: aVTlK. aTO apuotror« .. &n&Aeeiv, ~VIWOV£U- 001: Tei\. anapEj..lq>., unox. TOU onp6a. p¢oi6v [eon],

METACI>PA:tH

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};HMEIA KIIEIt.IA

• [6pwv] rr)v n6AIV i5eop{;lII7v

• [6pwv] rr)v EMcii5a (&o!1elll7v] nosso»;

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• H EnlTux[a TOU oro nsolo TIle; ~6.XTlC:

EYKWIlIO Via TO I\EWO'etVI').

39

KEIMENO

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(YTT~p~ialJ, ETT1T!i!pIOC;, 10-11)

8' rMlnlKA· rPAMMATIKA· XYNTAKTIKA

opWV (= enelOr] twpa): crnoxov. ~. T&Ton&lvwjJ£vIlV, KOT&q>9apjJ£vl1v, 15&ojJ&Vl1v: KaTl1yoprllJOT. ~_ ana TO opWV_ uno TWV 5wP0i50KOUVTWV: E:I.mpoe. rtpocoiop. TOU rtomr. ornou, KaTo TWV naTpl5wv: eunooa. npoootop. nou 511AWVE:1 TO E:VaVTLOV_ avi5p6<;, n6A&w<;: OVTIK. OTO Seouevnv. ~TI<;_ .. IiY&jJOVIO<;: 5WT. OVQLPOp_ - TE:AlKrl rtpor, npooT,;vOI: oncpcuc. aop. TaU npotataucu. TfJ<; liY&jJovla<;: aVTLK. oro npoamvoi . ., ~&VIKr, i5UvajJl<; = a IJLOeOqJOPlKOC; crpcroc. eourov (ou.), Tn naTpii51 (tlJlJ·), TI'JV n6Alv (alJ·), TOIC; "EAAIlOIV (euu.): aVTLK_ TOU eneOWKE:V. &i<; TI'JV i:A&u9&piov: E:1_mpoe. npooorop. TOU oxortou, OUOTI100jJ&VO<; (= end ooveoinoatoi, KaTaoTo<; (ene! «areaT7]): )(pov. ~_ Tn i:A&u8&pl4;1: aVTlK_ mo TOUe; aVTlm';Qj.1eVour:;. BOIWTOU<;, MaK&Mvo<;, Eu~o£o<;, TOU<; oUjJjJOXou<;: eneE;rl'fitcrele; aTO TOU~ tuxbtouc; aVT/TQ';aj.1{;vou~.

r-. META4tPAI.H

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69

IHMEIA K1\EI~IA

• oliTwe; ... WOTt;

• OM6 Koi {llITi:p] naonc Tfje; EM6ooe;

• we; «otvtic; (Ouory<:;]

• eni Tip ... npatteiv

• H Y£VOlOn]TO TWV rtpovovcov:

0) uno rtou miyo~e ~) noio TO orrorexs-

a~.IO

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70

'Eva napalil:lYlla naTplwTIOIlOU.

40

A'

KEIMENO

Toimov tWV £:rtWV CxXOUOvt£t;, W &.V6QE£, ol nQ6yovOL TU.tWV xu\, to. 'W~CtUta tWV £QYWV tT]AoiivtE£ oihwt; EOXOV nQOt; CxQEulV, (oO"t£ OU uovov unEQ nit; aUtWV nmQibot; 6XAo. XaL naOl)t; T~t; 'EAAa60t; Wt; XOLVf]t; ij8EAov Cm08vnOXElV. Ol yoiiv EV MaQa86wt naQmUl;a!!£vm wit; ~aQ~aQOlt; rov EI; o.naOl)t; "tfjt; 'Aolat; crosov EXQatT]Oav, "toie; t6Lmt; X~V6UVOLe; XOLVljV &.6Hav anam 1Oi£ "EAAllm XtWf,tEVOL, OUX btL tn Ml;n f,l£ya CPQOVOUvtE<; aM' EnL to 'tuu'tl'je; &.I;La nQ6:ttHY, tWV uev 'EM'ijvwv nQootatae;, tdrv 610 ~aQ~aQwv 6wn6"tae; Eamove; xa8LmavtEe;' OU yo.Q A6y«v tl]v CxQEtljV EnEt'ij6cuov, an' £QY«v rto'mv EnE6dxvuvto.

(I\UKOUPYOU, KaTll iI.&WKpciTOU<:, 104)

B' rM~~IKA - rPAMMATIKA • l:YNTAKTIKA

TWV tnwv: OVllK. TIle: TpOn.-OlTlOII.0Y· tJTX. O.KOUOVT<X;. TWV epvwv: yr.V. OLOlper, on6 TO TO TOIQUm. ~rJAow, -W = npooncsco va I-ILI-I'l8w. W<; KOlvt]c:; [ou- 011<;]: OLTIOlI.oy· tJTX. unOK!Ktle: ornoxovtcc, cmOeV!'!OKEIV: rex. ortopeuo., aVTIK. OTO ryBeAov. ncpcrccoouci TlVI = napOTC1000l-l0l oe I-lorn evaVTLOV KOnOLOU. OToAo<; = ortocroxn, aTPOTLO. Kpen:w, -W = VLKW. aiSsle = O<PO~LO, aO<pCW:LO. lJeva q>pOVW = rtepnooveuouca. ToiC; "HAIlOI: OOT. aVTLK!Ktl OTO KOlltrlV. jJeve: OUOTOLXO OVTIK. tn! Tii i56~n. tni T@ npOTrEIV: ellnp68. rtpoo- 5Lop. TIle: orrtcc, TaUTIlC;: yev. on6 TO Q~ta. TWV 'EAAr]vwv, TWV pappopwv: yev. aVTLK/KtC; ana TO noootatac Kat Seottata«; OVTLOTOLxa. rrpoornroc, i5&anOTa<;: KaTllYOPOU~. aTO eauTOUC;. Ka910ToVTEt;: ornoxov. ~T)(. tmTI')i5Euw = emi'5LwKw, aOKW. My,!), tpV,!): 50T. TOU rponou.

METACIlPAEH

OL n:Q6YOVOL f,la<;, XUQLOL 6LXaOtE<;, cxouvovtce; mrto "tU nm'ijf,laLa XaL rtQoona8wvtae; vo f,lLf,l1l80uv tu tetotou Ei60ut; (cno tn) £Qya, "t60T] yEwaL6tT]La En£cELl;av, WOLE Em8u!.touoav va oxotoiVOvtUL 6XL uovo YLa tT]v nmQL6a roue ana XUL YLa OAOXAT]Qll mv EMu6a us tT]V L6£a ou ELVUL XOLV'ij [naLQL6a]. 'EtOL Aom6v mrtot rtou oro MaQa8wva naQaniXTllxav 010 f,laXll evovnov ttov ~aQ~aQWV VLXT]Oav 1:0 OLQat6 [noo 11Q8£] ceto 6AT] Tllv Aoto, anox'twvta<; f,lE nQoowJtLXOUe; XLVi)UVOU<; aocpaAELa XOLvYj YLa 6Aoue; aVEI;ULQ£"twe; rotx; 'EAAllVEe;, uJt£QllcpavEu6f,tEvOL 0XL Yla Tll Msa TT]<; UAA.a YLatL exovcv [£Qya] aSLa amfj<; [LIle; 66l;a<;], xa8we; YLVOvtaV rtQoOLatEe; tWV En'ijvwv XaL acp£vtEt; torv ~aQ~aQwv' YLmt uoxoucov TT]v aQEul 6Xt ue AOYLa aAAa LIlV £6ELxvav OE 6Aoue; !.tE £Qya.

:!:HMEIA KIIEIAIA

• me:; ttpovoiac Koi nilv epywv a~iw<:;

• exert: rei WpJo/JE:vo ... onouvnuaro «at nopooeivuora

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TI)C; nmpi5ae;

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TTOTpiC5ac;.

41

A;

KEIMENO

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(AUKOUPYOU, KaTO A&WKPOTOUC;, 127)

B' rAn:U:IKA· rPAMMATIKA • XYNTAKTIKA

nilv tpywv = TWV OOlKllll<lTWV. t':v Tn I!JlllPltI = T'lV WPO TllC; lfJll<PO<P0P(oc;. 01- wv ... t':OT&: nMYlo 8PWTT]IlOT. rtpor., OVTlK, TOU i:nrAavB6vsoBE:, onwc; ... t~IT&: nMyLQ 8PWTT]IlOT, rtpor., aVTlK. TOU napaKsAsuso8E. unopvriporc, nopo6&iYI-IOTO: KOTllyopoUIl· OlO Hi taptoueva. lil0I-lVUI-II = OPK[~OIlQl m(OlWO. TWV ououev: y8V. aVTlK!KT] OlO KAr]POVDJ10I. ac; av ... KOToAinwm:. avacpop.unoeer. rtpor. oi OPKOI Koi I'J niom; = '1 evopxn ~8~a[WCJT].

META$PA:tH

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71

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• TOOOUTOV ... dxrre

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72

nw~ aVTllltTwni~ouv 01 n6A&I~ TOV npoli6T1l TI]~ naTpflia~ TOU.

42

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(IIUKOUpyOU, KOT6 "£wKp6TOU~, 132-133)

B' rAfl:t:tIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA

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['1-' META.PAI.H

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43

KEIMENO

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METAClJPA:EH

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73

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(=evotpWVTa, EMI)VIKC, I:J:, 1, 34-35)

B- rAnXXIKA· rPAMMATIKA . XYNTAKTIKA

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METAclJPAXH

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l:HMEIA KAEllIlA

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o EupUTTTOAEII0C; um:po<mi~ETQI TOUC; OTPOTIlYOUC; TIlC; voullaxiac; 45 OTIC; APYIVOUOEC; (406 rr.x.),

A'

KEIMENO

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(=tv0'l'wvro, EM~VIK6, A-, 7, 16-18)

B'· rIUlXXIKA· rPAMMATIKA • XYNTAKTIKA

Ta IJtv--- Ta 6& . __ Ta 6& = coevoc, ._. coerepou. .. TEAOC;_ KaTl1yop~awv, unepcnoxovqcopsvoc, aUIJj3ouA£uawv: TeA. I-IT)(. OVTOe;: evovruoucr. jlT)(- auVlljljl. aTO nE:p[KAEOuC;. ounilv, OTi IJ&T&TT£IOOV .. _ ulJiv (eloIKfj): aVTLK. TOU KQTTJYOpW. j3ouAolJ&VOue;: ernser. I-IT)(. TT&lJnW YPOIJIJOTO '" aTEAVW ernoroxn Kat ue aULf] avayyt-Mw. tTT&Ta~ov: cop. TOU emraaotttua. aVOlpoulJOI TOUe; vauayoue; = neplouMtyw TOUe; vcuovouc. KOIV~V T~V OiTIOV txw = KCl1T]vopouum ana KOlVOU [I-Ie xonorovl. aIJOpTOVTWV: yev. ortox., evovruoucr. f-IT)(-

METACSIPAXH

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, 75

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76

npoomi9&m l.I&iwO"r)C:; TOU Y0l'lTPOU TOU KaMIKpaTf~a.

46

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47

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(=&VO~WVTCI, AJTOI'V~"ClvtUI'ClTCI, B', 1, 2J·24)

~~If rM.E..E.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • .E.YNTAKTIKA

npoo6palJEiv, elnelv: elo. ortopeue., aVTlK. TOU 8W. cpf/a{ npooTpEXw TIVI = TptXW npoc KanOlov. nOlav o6ov ... Tpann: T1huYla epwTTIIJUT. rtpor., aVTlK. OTI]v K01T]yoP'lflUT. flTX· anoooisvro. 'Etlv ouv tlJ& cpIAIlV nOIIlOOIJEVOC; [rr]v oaDv en! T(JV {3{ov Tpannl: OE:UT. urtoser. rtpor. us onoooOTj TO: a.;w, toei, ola{3l(.iJael (npoaooKwflevo). nOIIlOOIJ&VOC; (= enav nOlrJon): xpov. I-ITX· aUV'lIJI.l. ni)v n:pnvwv: yev. oLoLpeT. ono TO ou&v6~, TO onoio etVOL yev. aVTlK/Ktl aTO ciyeuoTO~. noA£lJwv, npaYIJOTwv: aVTlK. TOU ipoovvuic. 61EOEI OKOnOUIJEVOC; (KUTllYOP'lflUT. IJTX.) = 9a. e~eTa~ele; OlOpKWe;. Ana TO anottouuevoc Ol (6) nAuy\ee; epwTllflUT. rtpor. nou oxoxoueouv we; ovrucelu. i6wv, 6- Kouoa<;, OOlppalvojJEvO<;, amolJ&VOC;, olJlAwv: )(pov. - orrioxov. I-ITX. olJlAw nOllilKoiC; = ouvorrre epWTLKee; oxtoele;. TOUTWV: UVTlK. aTO av TUyxaVO(~.

,~.r;: META$PAI.H

H Knxin [AEEL 0 IIQoOLxoS] E1QE~E nQos tOY HQaxA~ XaL [tOU] eure: «BAEnw, HQaxA~., on OEV ~EQELS noio 0Q0!J.0 at'll ~W~ va axoAou8~OELS. Errv AolJtov [axoAou8r'jons oLl] ~wr'j to 6Qo!J.o] acpou !J.E xavELS cpLAY] oou, 8a OE OoY]yr'jow orov mo EUXaQlO1O Xat EUXO-

Ao OQOf.tO Xat OE 8a unaQXEL lmOtE coro rn EUxuQlOta nou 010 8a YEtrtEi.S xm 8a nEQaOELS Ll] ~w~ ooo XWQi.; va ooxL!J.aoELI,; rc 6uoaQEma. IIQoola O'llAaor'j bE 8a CPQovr:L~EL; yta noAE!J.OUI,; core YLa [6uoaQwm] nguY!J.ma, Cl.AAa 6LaQXOOS 8a E~nU~EL; tL EuXaQL0tO cpaYY]1:0 r'j ztoto 8a BgELS r'j tL acpou OELS r'j oxouosu; 8a tEgcp8ELI,; r'j rtour

acpou !J.uQL~ELS r'j aXou!1J16.; 8a EuxaQ101:YJ8Ei.S, Xat lLOLES EQwnXEI,; OXEOnI,; acpou O'UVCottELS naQa noAU 8a EucpQav8ds XaL noo; 8a XOl!J.aom nOAu aVEm Xat noo; 8a aJtoAa!J.~aYElS 6Aa ama !J.E 10 ALYO-

tEQO xono»,

IHMEIA KflEIAIA

• tbuooev ... Olarlpa~S~ oeQl

• 'AYTJaMOO';- ... 6plaa~

• aVTi TOU ttpatteiv

• atoateuua ... /1t:TS~

• To m:plex6llevo TaU 6pKOU TaU TuronqJepVl']

• 0 6PKOC; TaU AYTlai~ AUOU

• 0 TlOOUqJSPVl']C; ern- 0pKOC;

• 0 AYl]OLAUOC; mOT6t; OTIt; ouv9tiKec;

o eniopKOC; Tlaaa!ptpVIJC; Kal 0 mOTOC; aTOUe; 6PKOUC; AYlJai,l"aoe;.

51

:: A'- KEIMENO

'Ev totvuv t'fi 'Aotc i)Cl£ nQffitrt llQo.;U; EyEV£tO. TLaampEQVIl<; !-lEV w!-loa£v 'AYT]OLAUcp, et onetourro EW'; EA80LEV OU'; nf!-l1.(JHf nQ6~ ~aOLAfa ayyfAau.;, CltanQu;ca8m am0 a<pE8iivm rnrrovouou; ta~ EV t'fi 'AOLc;t llOAfL£ 'EAAT]vLCla<;, 'AYT]OLAao.; M aVtW!-lOOE onOVCla~ aSHV aMAw~, oQLoa!-lEvo<; tii£ llQUSEW'; tQfL-; !-liiva-;. '0 uev Cl1) TLGampfQVll-; a w!-lOO£v £u&U-; E1.(JEuamo· aVtl yaQ w'O £tQ~vT]v nQattHV atQat£'UI-La noM naQa ~aOLAfw<; nQo-; 4> nQoo8£v £LX£ !-l£tE-

nff.l1tEto. 'AYT]aLAaoc; M xaiJtEQ ato80f,lEVOC; tama O!-lWC; EVf!-l£LVE taLC; allovClaL-;.

(:&VocpWVTa. AYlJafAaa<;. I, 10~ 11)

B- rMlUIKA> rPAMMATIKA > EYNTAKTIKA

TTpa~e;: KClTT]YOPOUIJ· 010 no£;. Tlooaql&pVfle; IJtv ... 'EMflvlliae;: OlOV eu8u Myo TO xwpto eivor: iciv arreian tux; 6v f;A8wotv DUe; 6v ne/1ljJw ... , olanpaE,o/1ai 001 acpe8fjVOl... 'EMl1vioae;. ewe; tA901£V oue; TT&j.llfI&l& npoc l3aolA&a ayy&> "oue; = eox; o..801ev ayy£Aol DOe; ne/1ljJele npoc {3aGlAia (0 npoo5LOpL~6IJevoe; opec [= ayyeAOl] txel Te8el OlO TeAOe; TTJe; cvooop. rtpor. [= ayyeAoue;] KOI O'TTlv rmoon TOU aVOql0pIKOU [ovttcrpopn eA~n]). liIOnp6~&a9al: el(5. anapE:IJ<p., OVTIK. TOU ibuooe«. &i an£loolTO - ~lanpa~&a9al: e~apTTJl.levoe; unoSeT. Myoe; TaU rtoooooscopevou (wSue; Myoe;: iav onekm ~ olanpaE,O/1al). TOe; TToA£Ie;: urtox. TaU acpe8fjVOl. TO onolo e[vQl TeA. oncpeuo., aVTLK. TOU olanpa~ E,ea8Ol. a~&IV: eL(5. rmnpeurp., aVTLK. TOU aVTW/10ae. 0PIOOj.l&VOe; (= enel wpi· oaTO): xpov. 1-lTX. a w~oa£v: (iWT. cvccoo. rtpor., aVTLK. 010 iljJeuoaro. aVTI TOO npOrelv: elJnp68. rtpoco. rtou (5T)AWVeL aVTLKOToOlaOTj. npoe; ~ (= ttpoc; TOUr4J 6): sunpoe. npoooioo. nou (inAwveL npoo8T']Kn· KalTT£p aia961J&voe; (= ei Ka! l7afJeTO): evovruoucr. 1-lTX. roie; anovi5oie;: aVTLK. 010 eveueive.

1".:. METACI»PAEH

LtTjV Aoto Aomov a~ EClW i)tav T] nQw"tTj 1:O'U JtQ6.ST]. 0 TLaoa<pfQVIlC; OQXLOtTjXc orov AYT]oiAaO OtL eov exavE avaxwxi) !-IfXQL nou 8a E1tfOtQc<pav OL aYYEALocPOQOL to'U<; OJtOLO'UC; 8a 'attAvE 11QOC; to ~aOLALa, 8a xmoQ8ww: YLa xaQT] rou (tau AYT]OLAao'U) va a<pf80uv a'UtOVOIl£C; OL EAATjVLXEC; nOAHC; crnv Aoto: 0 AYlloiAao-; OQXLOtTjXE XL 0 [ClLOC; Ott 8a tTjQOUOE tt-; O'UV8~XEC; XWQi,C; anatTj, a<pou f8wE (XQOVLXO) OQLO yta rnv llQaST] (rnrrn) tQHC; !-ltlVEC;. AAAa 0 TLooa<pfQVIlC; a!-lfOW<; xmanatTjOE tOUC; OQXO'U<; 110'U fClWOE' YLmi, cvn vo xavEL HQ~VIl, fOtHAE Xat ~i)tTjO£ cero to ~aGLALa noAu orpcto JtfQa an' mrrov rtoi: ELXE nQoTjY0'U!!fVWr;. 0 AYT]aiAaOC; of,lWr;, av xat xat6.Aa~E rnrto; ·f!-lHVE moro; anc; O'UV8~XEC;.

81

IHMEIA KAEIIl.IA

• rrapaOXOJ.li:VOUC;

I1J.1dC; anoseaecu

• ri)c; ouoiac rroMwv

• 'iOXOflrJXW&1VQl

• rrAt:iv, iV£lfloaer)v, TW usf

• arroBavDvTOC; OoxoJ.lDxouJ

• Aa8EiJtvEe; EKTlflT')OEle; m:p\OUOIWV

• H rreptrmoon TOU IOXOiJOXOU

• H rtspirrroxrq TOU :1:TE:rpavou, TOU YIOU TOU 0OMou

82

napa6eiYiJOTa av6pwnwv ps iJIKP~ rrepiouotc nau 6ewpouVTav nllouolol.

52

A'

KEIMENO

'Eyw uev OUV OUX 6.~LW, W avogf£ bLXU01Ut, oiruo noAA&' xui !-l£YCtAU 'tEX!-l~gLa nugaaxO!-lEvo'U£ 11[!a£ 6.noAEoElm 6.btxw£. 'Ax11- xoc yug EYWYE xal LOU nU1Qo£ xaL aAAwv ngw~'U1Egwv, Q-tL ou virv !-lClVOV uAAu xui EV n9 £!!1tgOOElEV XgOVLp nOMwv t'tVEuoEl'rj'tE tii£ ouoLa£, ot ~WVLE£ !-lEV nAO'U1fLV EMxo'Uv, cm08av6VLE£ bt noM nUQu ti]v oo~av Lilv U!-lE1Egav EcpCtvT]Oav. AU1Lxa '!axo!-laxLp, EW£ £~T], nCtVLE£ CPOVLO ELVat nAfLV ~ E~Oo!-l~xoVLa laAuVLa, 0:1£ EyW UXOUW· EVfL!-la08T]v bE lW UEL ouoE bExu lCtAaVLu £xa'tEQo£ cm08avoVLO£. L'tEcpaVql OE 'tcj) 8aMo'U EAEYE'tO elvoi .nAfLv ~ ztevnpcovtc 'taAavnov, cm08av6VLo£ 6' ~ ouoio ECPCtVT] nEg!, EvbEXU lCtAaVLU.

(lluafo, Ynep TIIlV Ap1aTo'l'avou«; XPIWOTIIlV, 45-46)

8' rAn:UIKA • rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA

napaO)(olJ£VOU~ (= enei rrapeaxojJ.eea): xpov. - omoi\oy. I-ITX. ouvrll..ll-l· 01"0 r]jJ.Oc;. "well; (= i;/-li;: nA1l8uVT. I-I€Tploq>poauVllC:): urto«. TaU arroi\i;aBol (ov Kat ruuronpoccornc, TO urtox. TOU ortcpeuq» o€ alTlaTLKT'j vio eueoorj). noAAwv: yev. KTllTLKT'j 01"0 Tile; OUo(OC;. EIjJEua8I'JTE Tf]1; ouoia~ = E,eye,\oOTl'jKOT& O1"OV unoAOYlOI-IO TIle; rteptouoioo, [0'1] an09av6VTE~ ... E<pOVl'Joav: oem. avocop. OpOT.· OUVOteTOl 1-1& TIlV nponvoupsvn OVOq>0PIKT'j OVTLSeTlKO 1-1£ TO uev.: 6i. noAu napa TIlV li6~ov TIlV UIJETEpaV E<pclvl'JOav = <jlQVllKaV noM c'5lQ<jl0PeTlKO[ ana TIl OlKrl ooc YVWI-Ill· aUTiKo = vrn nopoo£lYl-la. nA&iv = nAiov. EVEIIJOo9I'Jv: y' npooumo OU'lKOU, OplOT. coo. TOU veuouoi (= I..1Olp6~ofJOl). TW utE KOl UEi: 0- vall. OU'lKOU TOU ouoiocr. 6 ui6C;. TW UEi tKclTEPO~ = TWV uiiwv exateoo; (oxri- 1-10 KOS' 6'\0 «n ueooc). crroacvovrcc ~TE<pOVOU]: yev. cnox., xpOV. I-ITX.

METACI»PA:tH

Eyw AOLnov, xuglOL OLxao'tE£, 010 8EWgw orooto VU xa8w aOLxo, orpou oa£ 1WQo'Uoluoa 't600 l1oAAE£ Xat mwav'tLxE£ anObft~n£. Eyw ~E~ma EXW axouofL xm ceto 'tOY naLEgu !-l0'U xm «no 1O'U£ [!ryaAmEQO'U£ OLL 0XL !-lOVO lWgU uAM XaL XaLa 'to naQEAElov SEYEAUOulXU't£ O'tOV 'UnOAOYLO[!O 'tT]C; n£gLo'UOlU£ nOAAWv, OL onotoi 600 ~ouoav 8EwQouVLav nAoumOL, aMCt, otov nE8avav, qxrvrpccv n::oAu 6LUCPOQEUXOl an' 000 WEL£ VO!-li.~U'tE. Ito naQabfLy[!a 0 Iaxo!-lUXO£, 000 ~OUOf, OAOL morsuov OLL ELXE nEgLooo'tfgu ano £~oo~L~VLa 'taAaVLa, 6n::wC; ryw nAllgOcpogou[!m' omv nE8uvE, 'to xa8Eva an6 La ouo'to'U nm6La 0'tT] [!OLQuma OEV nTJgE ours 6Exa toAUVLa. 0 2:'tECPUVO£, 0 YLO£ 't01J 8aAAo'U, AEyo'tav ou ElXE n£QL01JOtU !-lEyUAULEgT] ceto JtEv~VLa laAaVLa, aAAa, may nE8avE, 1) rtsQLo'UoLa rourrrcv l1fQmo'U EV1EXU 'taAaVLa.

IHMEIA KAEIl!.IA

• yvwvQI OT/. .. eyiyveTO

• nue«; = eyw / r7PQ<; = eps

• !3ouAeaec, mUTE:Uere moocrmcr.)

• 0 YlO<; TOU APlOTOCPO\fll ~T]TOel an6 TOU<; OIKOOT8<;:

- va aM6';ouv

yvwflT] O"TT]v ncotrrnocn rou

- va TOV AunT]8ouv

- va oEI';ouv OloSe-

aT) va rov ow-

oouv

- va rncreipouv 6""Cl Mel TT]v aA~e8La

EKKA~O&Ie; TOU KOTIlYOPOUII&VOU rtpoc TOUe; liIKaOT&C;.

53

KEIMENO

"On uev ouv xal tv tcp E!lltQOatlEv XQOVC(J rounrtc tytyV£'tO, ¢¢- 6LOV yvwVaL' cpaaL 6E xaL tOU~ CtgtaLOu~ xal ooqxotctotx !lo.ALa'ta t8EA£LV !lE'taYlyvWOXHV. Ei OUV 6oxOU!lEV dxom Mycw xai. lxava teX!lTjQLa JtaQEX£08m, OJ av6QE~ 6lxamaL, JtCt.crn 'tExVn xni Wlxavfl t}."El'jaate, W~ T]!lElC; tiic; !ltv 6La~oAiic; oirtco !leyCt.AT]C; oUOT]C; aid JtQoae60XW!lEV xQaLTjaav !len). LOU UAT]80uC;' U!lwv 6E !l116eVl 'tQoJtC(J e- 8eAT]aCt.V'twv JtHa8iivm ou6' tNtle:; O1J6e!lta aMT]glae:; tMxa T]!llV elvoi, 'A)..J .... a JtQ6e; 8EWV 'OAU!!Jt(WV, cD av6QEe; 6LxaamL, ~ouA£08E T]!lac; 6Lxa(,we:; awam !lUAAOV ~ u6i.xwe:; a.noAEom, xal moreuets 'tOUtou; CtAT]8ij AEYELV, 01 av ')tal OLWJtWV'teC; tv cmaV'tL tcp ~i,ql JtaQEXwOL awcpQovae; aepue; amoue:; xal 6Lx.ai.oUe;.

(lluma, YTT&P TWY APLCTOq>OVOU<; XPr)1l0TWV, 53-54)

B' rMU~IKA· rPAMMATIKA • ~YNTAKTIKA

OTl.., tVIYVETO: OEUT. ElO. rtpor., OVTlK. TOU {.W8E:[V, TO ortoio eiVOl urto«. TOU p¢.orov SOTI. roieuro: urtox, TOU SyiYVE:TO (QTTlKtl OUVToE;I1). lJETOYIYVWOKEIV:

TEA. cncpepo., OVTlK. TOU S8iAE:IV. hiVEIV, noptxeoaal: EllS. OnOpEI-I<p., OVTlK. GTO OOKOUJ.1E:V. we; ... lJ&TC TOU oA'1aoOe;: OEUT. OlTlOAOY. npor. OUO'1e; (= ei «ai ~0: yEV. ortox., evaVTlWI-IOT. J.ITX. taeA'100VTWV (= iav s8E:ArjOT)TE: Ti ei e- 8eAr,aOCTE:): yev. onOA., unoser. J.ITX. TOUTOIe;, AtV&IV (ElO. OnOpEI-I<p.): OVTlK. TOU maTE:UE:TE:. aA'1a~: OUOTOlXO aVTlK. 01 av ... naptxwol ... liIKaioue;: OWT. ovctpop, - urtoaer. rtpor. Koi OIWnWVT&e; (= QV «al orwnwOl): EVOVTlWI-IQT. J.ITX. owcppovae;, i5IKoioue;: KOTllYOPOUI-I. GTO acpac; OUTOUC;.

r.

META~P~H

Eivrn EUXOAO Aomov vn aV'tLAT]cp8EL"t"E on xm 010 JtaQEA80v 0lJvE~mvav tstotc JtQuY!law' /..EVE mi.OT]e; JtW~ xm OL o.QLO"tOL ')tat OL mo oocot JtQoJtUV'tWV ELvm 6LatE8ELI.tEvOL va aAACt.~01JV YVW!l'l1. ECt.v Aomov cpaLVO!lm on AEW Jtgo.Y!laLa AOYLXCt. xm OtL [aac;] rtnpouOLo.~W, XUQLOL 6Lxao"t"ES;, LOXUQEe; aJt06EL~ELe;, !lE XU8E .goJto xat !lE- 00 vo us AunT]8ELtE, YLaLL EYw, !lOAOVOtL 11 ouxoqxrvuo Tjtav rooo !lEYUAT], mrvrn ijNtL~a O"tL 8a UJtEQLOXUOW !lE UJV o.Al'j8ELa· uv Of..lWC; £ode; 6E 8datE !lE xovevc tgono vc JtEL08EL1E, Xa!lLa ENtL6a otoUJQi.as; 6E 8a rporvotnv Ott UJtTjQXE YLa usvo; MAO. yta ovouo trov OAUf..lJCLWV 8Emv, XUQLOL oLxao"tEe;, 6EL~tE OLu8EOT] va f..lc coxrsre oi,x.ma f..lo.MOV JtaQa va ue XataatgE1.(JEtE <i6Lxa, xm va ma"tEuE"tE 0- n UJv aATj8ELa AEVE arnot nou, av Xat aWJtai.vouv a' OAT] roue tT] ~wl'j, nagOlJmo.~oV'tm OWepQOVE£ xm OLxmOL.

83

IHMEIA Kl\EI.II.IA

• OU(x) ... OlE:VOrjEl/) 0- rrWe; wipE:Aoi/) ...

• OJJ..d napeoseuaooTO ono»; ... Kspoaivol

• rjYOlllJE:VOe; i:n;pOle; ... are;

• i:vwyXovwv ... TOle; rrpE:o{3UToTOie;

• OOUVOTO/ ... {3oryElE:iv

• H ouurtepupopc TOU $v..wva onsvcvn oU1V nOAl"] Kal

orrevovn moue; mo 'lAtKtWI.lt:vouC;

84

naTIO II>IAlalvac; elval ava~loc: TOU !3ouAeuTIKOU a~IWIlOTOC:.

54

KEIMENO

OVtOl; TOLVUV OUX OltW~ WCP£AOLl] "rijV nOAtV tv rotoirno XaLQ0 xat Tmamn XmaaTaaEL CLEVOi]8l], aAA' Olt(JJ~ TL XEQca(vOL alto TWV rl!lEtfQWV O'U!lCPOQWV reaQEOXEuaamo· OQIlWfl£VO<; yaQ E~ 'QQWnou, TOtE !lEv auto<; uovoc, totE C' ftfQOL<; rly01)~lEVO£ oI~ to. U!lf'tEQa buawxi]!law Euwxi]!lata ty£yOVH, n£QLLwv Xato. 'tou~ aYQou<; xat tvwYXavwv 'tWV JCOALtWV wi<; reQEO~matm<;, OL XaTE!lELvav tv toi<; bi]flOL~ OAtya f1EV Lmv tJCLLl]bdwv EX0Vt£<;, avayxaia bE, EUVOL f1EV OVtE<; to JCAi]8EL, aMvmOL bE iJreo tli~ rlALxLa<; ~O'Y]8Eiv, toutoix acpnQEi'to 1:1'1 iJreaQxoVta, ltEQL JCAELOVO~ JCOL01)f..tEVO~ amo<; !lLXQo. x£QCaLvELv fJ tX£LVOU~ !ll]btv !lEy a abLXELv.

(Auaio, KOTO <l>iAwvo<;, 17-18)

B' rMl:t:tIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA

onwc; ... KOTOOTOO&I/ onwc; ... OUI.IIPOPWv: nAaYlE:e; f:PWTTUlaT. rtpor., OVTlK. TWV 0Ievor'/8'1 Kat naoeoxeuaaato OVTIOTOlXO· E:KCP£POVTOl IJE: WKTlKij TOU nA6YlOU Myou AOYW TIl<; eE,aPTTlOTJC; orto lOTOPlKO xpovo. TOT& ..-&v ... TOTf.: lit = iliOTe ... ilion;. tlVOO..-OI (+ OOT. npoa.) = OOTlYtIJ KanOlOV. TO liUOTUX~..-aTO: urtox, TOU iyey6vel (OTUK!') O1JVTOt,ll). TWV nOhITWV: yev. OlmpeT. OTO TOl<; ttoeoeutato«; TO ortoio eivcn aVTlK. OTll xpOV. - urtoasr. IJTX. EVTUYXo.vwv. tXOVT&C;: rport. IJTX. OVT&C;: omoxov. IJT)(· 1301l9Eiv: cncpeurp, TIle; OVOcopoq orto TO aoUVOTOI. rrepi nh&iovoc; nOIOO..-OI = eVOlocptPOIJOl, CPPOVTI~W. "-'1i5&V !JEVa ai5IKW = oe Olonpanw Ka~.Ha lJeYMll aOlKla.

METAcltPA:tH

AULo<; AOLreov CE aXEcptTlXE JCW<; va WCPEAEt rnv ltOAl] , [rtou ~QLoxorov] oe TELma reEQlJtTWOl] XaL [reOALTLxi]] xataotaOlj, aAAa f1l]XaV£Utl]XE rew<; va EXEL X(.(JlOLO XEQbo<; uno nr; O'Uf..tCPOQE~ ou;: EXOVta<; cl]Aabi] OQf..tl]Tr]QLO TOV QQWltO, aAAOTE !lOVO~ LOU, aAAOTE oC'Y]ywVta<; aA,,"OU<; YLU WU<; oreOLOU~ OL (')UOTUXLE<; OU~ ElXav urto~Ei, £uwxi] O'Uf..t~aVta, tQLyUQLSE I am XWQacpLa aa<; XaL may ouvovroixre TOU~ mo l]ALXLWf1EVOU~ uno rou; reOALT£<;, nou Ef1ELVaV OTO bi]!lo TOU<; EXovm<; Alya [area rc] TQOCPLf..tU, m avaYXULU Of..tW<;, En£LCi] euvoouoov TOU<; b'Y]f..t0xQmLxou£, abuvaTouaav o!lW<; A6yw l]Atxia<; va TOU<; ~Ol]eOUV, coto mrrotx acpmQouOE 'ta uJCaQXoVta TOU<;, EJC£Lbi] Evbwcp£Qomv umo~ va xEQ(')i~El [EOTW xm] Aiya reaQa va f1l] CLareQaLtEL Xaf..tLa IlEYaAl] a(')LxLu O£ ~aQo<; EXELVWV2.

1. M8TQq>p6ao~81Tl )(pOv. ~. rrr:pliwv]JE pf]~o <01 oe nOpOTaKT'Kij mlv~eClT] ~8 TO acpnpeito (~eT!'IOTaClT]).

2. n.o Eheu8epa: napa va ~'lv 0i51K8l Ko8oAOU €KcivouC;.

l:HMEIA KIIEI.o.IA

• 8ouprlt;w .. , ei

• rov AAKI{3I.6oT)v a,;IWael aljJt;ea8al, Pt1 6noMa8m

• QlKOli.. we; t1pOPTT}KOTOe;, [we;} yeyeVTJpsvou

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• H EKnAJ#l IOU O~Ilhrrrr'l

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• npsm:1 va QKOUyOVTOi 01 on6LjJE:LC: KOL TWV KQTlly6pwv

55

KEIMENO

8awat;w OE ~AlOi;a, cD avoQc£ OLXaOmL, d Ll£ V!lWv LOV 'AAXl~la01]V USlWOEl OU'1 !lEV LOU; ~o1]8oiM;a£ o0~w8m, Ola OE Lilv cd» tof Jt0VllQLav f-til CmoAEo8m. ~H; a'i;Lov V!la; uxoiJom, tv' EJtLo'tT]08E an crUx &.V dxOtw; rnrtof CmO'llrrlcpL~m08c, 00; tama !lEV lJ!laQUlx0- LO;, La 0' fiJJ.n. JtOALtOU XQ1]OLoU YEYEVll!l€V01)' EX yaQ tWv fiJJ...wv tcilv LOlJLqJ JtEJtQaY!l€vwv olxaLw; &.v amoiJ 8avaLov xataljJ1]cpit;ma8E, I1QomlXEl 0' VIA-LV JtEQL mrtdrv EioEVaL" EJtElOn yaQ xai LWv CmoAOYOlJf-t€VWV Cmoo€XE08E AcyOVLWV La£ acpEt€ga; airtWv aQCTar; xal ta; tcilv Jtgoyovwv EilEQYWLa;, dxo; VIA-a; xaL LWv xa'tT]yagwv uXQoaa8m, faV anocpaLvwOL "tOu; cpEUyoVLa; rto)..)..iJ. dr; UlA-a; iJ!laQUlx6La; xaL toUr; JtQoyavou; amON rtOMWv xaxcilv aLtiou; YEYEVT)!lEVOU;.

(Auala, Korn MKI~1615ou A-, 23-24)

8! rAnJ:IIKA· rPAMMATIKA • J:YNTAKTIKA

sf TIC; ... IJI'J anoAi09m: OWL ornoxov. rtpor. urroser. ornoxovtoc: eE,apT(]TOl ana TO 8au/-l0(w. 0~~&09Q1, (1JJ1) onoA£09al: TeA. ortopsue., aVTlK. TOU O~IWoei. TOV 'AAKlplol>rJV: OVTlK. TOU 0~lwa61 KOl urtox. TWV crtcpeurp. nou eE,apTWVTOl an' ouro. ~He; •. , oKouoal: Kupla npor. ClTI OUK av ... V&V&VIW£VOU:

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KOT'lYOP'lIJOT. 11T)(. ana TO artoeaivoxn.

r

M.ETA$PAJ:H

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1, Kcrrll1u':~T]: E~arriac; OUT,"V [TaU TOV ~OT]800V.

85

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• TWV 'EAArjvwv ... aiaxuvoiJevwv uev, cpo{3ouiJevwv i5t

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• ria rtoio 'tI.6yo 01 ASllva[Ol (5<; StAllOQV va rc napaowaouv O'TOV Eupua8ta

86

01 A9'lvaiol Klvi'iuveuouv Via T'lV urrepcorncq TOU ZiIKaiou.

56

KEIMENO

'YaT£gcp b£ Xgovcp, EnfLb~ 'HgaxA:ii~ fAtv E~ av8gwnwv ~cpavla811, ot 6£ nai:bE~ amou ecpEuyov [.tEV Eugua8Ea, ESllAauvovTO bE uno naVTWV l00v 'EAA~V(])V, aLOXuvow:vwv fAEV 'toi~ fgyOL~, cpo~OUf.t£V(])V b£ ~v Eugua8£wt; bUVafALV, acptXofA,EVOL d(_:; ~VbE ~v noALV lX£Lal Ent 'tWV ~WfA6.lv Exa8E~oVTo' E~at'tOUfA£VOU M amaU£ EUQUa8£(])£ 'A- 811vaiOL oux ~8£Allaav Exbowm, aAAa ~v 'HgaxA£ou(_:; agE~v ~tCtAAnv nbOUVLO it 'tOV XlV&uVOV TOV famrov ECPO~oUvtO, xal ~~lOUV unEg 'trov aa8EvwT£gwv fAna TOU blxalou blafAaxw8m fACtAAOV f] TOt£ buvcuevou; xagL~OfAEVOl wU£ un' EXELV(])V ablxoU[.t£VOu(_:; ExboWat.

(Auoio, EnlToq>loc;, 11-12)

B' rAll:l::tIKA· rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA

'YOT&PIll 6& XPoVIll - a<pIKOIJ&VOI ... &Kaee~oVTo: KUPlO rtpor, tn&161'1, .. ~<pavloe., I oi 5& nai6&<; ... Eupuoeea / t~.,AauvoVTo ... 5uvaIJlv: rpe«; (3) xpov. npor. t~ avepwnwv: q.tnp66. rtpocoiop. nou Ol1,\ti>V£l OnOIlQKPUVOT"J. <P&uyw TIVa = onocpEuyw KOnOlOv. uno TWV 'EM~vwv: eunpoe. rtpocctop. TOU rtomTlKOU orriou. aiO}(uvoIJ&VWV, <poj3ouJ.levwv: ernser. 111)(. auvl1llll. 010 rwv EAArjvwv. TOI<; tpYOI<;: OaT. TT"Je; ornoc 010 aiax_uvo/-livwv. iK&TOI: £mpPl1JjOT. xornvoooup. aTO ew. 01 naiOsc;. t~aITOUIJ&VOU (= ei Ka! i;~nTE;iTO): y£v. ortox., £VOVTlWJjOT. Jj1)(. Jj£ urrox. TO Eupua8iwc;. ni5ouVTO: napOTOT. TOU oio£o/-iOi. -OU/-IQ/ (= at~OJlOl). i't ... t<p0j30UVTO: napa~o'\. aUYKplT. npor. oe 88OT"J W 6- pou aUYKplOT"Je; ono TO /-IdMov. untp TWV a09&V&OT&PWV: eurtooe. rtpocotop. nou Ol1'\WV£l uneocoruon. J.I&TO TOU 51KOIOU (= 8XOVTae; TO 6LKOLO 1-1£ TO ~8- poe; TOUe;): ElJnp68. rtpoooiop. TaU rportou. xopl~6IJ&VOI: rpon. - cmoxov. Jl1)(. ~ cKi5ouval: W opec aUYKplOT"Jt:; (TO ortcpeuqi. T£'\IKO, OVTlK. TaU rj~iouv).

METACI»PA:tH

AgYOTcga, orcv 0 HgaxA~£ E~acpavlaTllxE coro W'Ut; av8gwJWU(_:; xat tc rcatbLa TOU aJ1EcpEuyav TOV Eugua8£a [rcou "ta xcrnOtWXE] xrn blwxvoVTav cero 6AOU(_:; TOU£ 'EAATJVE(_:;, OL orcotot acpEVOt; 'Vtgtnovcav yLa La tgya TOUt; xru acpET£gou cpo~o'Vtav Tll buvafATJ "tOU Eugua8£a, orpou £cpLaaav (La nmblu rou) a' au't~v Ebw 'tllV nOATJ, xu80VTav w~ LXETE(_:; rtuvm aTOU£ ~(])fAou£' xm ~OAOVOTl La ~l1'touaE 0 Eugua8tat;, oi A811valOl bE 8tAllaav vo "ta nagabwaouv, aAAa a£(3ovLav "tYJV ag£"t~ TOU HgaxA~ nEgwao'tcgo arc' ooo cpo~6VTav TOV ngoa(])JTlxo rou; xlvouvo Xat £xgLVav JTlO u~tO vo. aywvL~ov"tm Yla 'tOU(_:; abuva"tOu~ ExoVTa(_:; 'to b[xato aUJ..lfAaxo tou; naga 8tAOY"ta(_:; va qxnvovtci agEa"tOL orouc wxugou£ va rcagaowaouv amou£ rtou aOlXOUvtm uno EXElVOU£.

IHMEIA KAEIt.IA

• r)YOU/J6VOI... dVQ(

• r)YTlOQWVOL dVQL .. npootvcuv

• TOUrOIC; = VO/J4!, ).°Y4!

• npoOTjKf:IV ootocu, nf:faal, urrrypeTf:iv

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o v61l0~, I'J AOyIK~ Kal I'J eAEugepia Kupiopxa O'TOIxeia Tile; a9Ilva'iK~e; i5111l0KpaTiae;.

57

KEIMENO

Ilgon;m M xal j..l.OVOL EV EXElVq:l 'to XQOVq:l Ex~aMvm; 'tU~ 1taQu orptorv auwi.~ 6uvaaLda~ 611j..l.oxQaLLav XaLwnlaavw, tlYOUj..l.EVOL 'tT)V novtcov EAEu8EQLav OJ..l.OVOLaV elvru j..l.EYLOTIjV, XOLVat; 6' CtUr)AOLt; 1:a; EX'twv xtv6Uvc.ov n.1tLOa; ltOLr)oaV1:E; EI-.Eu8EQm; wit; 'ljJuxrn; E1tOAt1:EUOV1:0, vOj..l.q:l 1:oD; Ctya80D; Ltj..l.WV1:E; xni tou; xaxoD~ XOAa~OV1:E;, tlYl1oa/-lEVOL 811Qic.ov uev £QYov dvm 1m' CtAAr)Ac.oV ~it;t xQaLda8m, UV8QcI.lltOL; Ot ltQoar)XELV vOj..l.q:l uev oQi.om 'to 6lxmov, MYq:l 6t ltEiom, £QYq:l 6t routoe; U1tl1QE'tEIV, UltO vouou uev ~aOlAElJO[.lEVOU;, UltO Myou bt 6Lbaaxoj..l.Evou;.

(I\uoia, EnIT6q>IO~. 18-19)

B' rMlEEIKA· rPAMMATIKA . EYNTAKTIKA

npWTOI: 8mpP'lI-iCIT. KClT'lYOPOU~. nou 0'lA.WV8t onoo. IJOVOI: KClT'lYOp'l~CIT. rtpoootop, KaeiOTOIJOI (+ amm.) = 8YKU8tOTW, ana K08tOTW, IlYOUIJ&VOt (= f;rrw5r) r7YOUVTO): ornoxov. J..ITX.. Tllv tA&ue&piav: urtox, TOU dVQI, TO ortoto eiVOl 8tO. oncpaurp., aVTIK. TaU r7YOLIJ.1E:VOC. OIJOVOIOV: KaTllyopOU!-l. OTO mv f;Aw8epiav. KOlvac; ". ~1~OOKOlJtVOU<;: KupLa rtpor. nOlilOOVT&<; (= enei f;rroil7- aav): xpOV. I-ITX. KOIVOC;: KClT'lYOPOU!-l. OTO TOC; i;Arrioac;, TO ortoio elvrn aVTLK. OTO nomoovtec. tAeuetpOl<;: KClT'lVOPIl!-lCIT. npocorop, OTO TOIC; I/lUXalc;. TO onolo elvci OOT. lOU rponou. TllJlilVT&<;, KoA6l;oVTec;, (3aOlA&uOIJEVOUC;, 6t~OC1KOlJtVOUC;: rport. I-IT)(. elval, npOOrlK&IV: 8tO. anapE~<p .• aVTIK. TIle; OlTIO/"'OY· ~T)(. r)Y/7aaJ.1eVOi (= errelor) r)yr)aavTo). KpaTeio901: urro«, TOU eiviu. urr' aAArlAwv: qmp68. TaU nOLIlT. OLTLOU. CPYOV: KOT'lYOPOU~. OTO xoaretoeo: av9pwnouc;: ew. urtox, TWV I-ITX. {3aalltwoJ.1£VOUC; Kat olOaaKO/.1£VOUC; Kat TWV oncpeue. ooiocu, rrElaal, imroeteiv. TO anoia eLVOL urtok. TOU onpcc. ruxxmKE:lV. uno VOIJOU, uno A6you: 8~np68. TOU rtomr. ornou.

METACI:IPAEH

TIQLinm xm j..l.OVOL (or A811valm) EX£l,Vl1 Trlv EJ[OXr), urpou f6tc.osay ro buvaauxa xa8wtciYta [J[OU ELXav] orn XWQa roix, CYXaTEotnocv TYj bl1~tOXQaLla, ytaTL ntotsixrv on 11 EAEu8£QLa 6Ac.ov dvm 11 mo [.l£YaAl1 OJ..l.OVOLU, xm acpou E'X.avav tt; £A.rtLbEt; alto tOU~ XLVbUYOUt; XOLVE~ j..l.E'taS'LJ 1:0U~ ~ouaav c.ot; J[OAL-tE; ~tE EA,EU8£Qu ro CPQovr)j..l.ata, oUj..l.cpc.ova [.l£ 1:0 VO!!O, Uj..l.WV1:a; tou; xaAOU; Xat tL[lc.oQW¥ta; rotx; xaxou;, YLati. EXQLvav ott sivcu xaQaxtT)QWtlXO trov 8Y]QLc.oV to va ESOUata~OV1:m to Eva alto 'to aUo ue Tr) ~La, £VW 01:0lJ; av8QwJ[oUt; aQj..l.O~EL j..l.E VOj..l.O va xa80QI,aouv 'to bixato xat j..l.E tl1 AOYLXr) va nstoouv xm Ej..l.ltQax'ta va u1taXOUVE a' ouro; iJ,£ to va EsOlJma~OV1:m aJlO to VOj..l.O Xat va OtbaaxOV1:at alto t11 AOYLX~.

87

IHMEIA KhEIIIIA

• r7I1WV OUOTUX£Orepour;

• rwv aVOYKO[WV tvo£sir;

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- 8XDUf.lE XaOEI TO

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88

01 m.aTaleiC; l)leKTpaywl)ouv TI]V 66/1.10 KOT6CFTOCF~ roue,

58

A'

KEIMENO

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8' rIUU.J:IKA· rPAMMATIKA - J:YNTAKTIKA

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METAclJPAJ:H

Furti noioix 8u ~QELTE mo OUOWXLO!lEVOUC; cero !lUS, OL OnOtOL, uepou xaouw: OE !lLU !lEQU xm tl1v nOAll xru tl1 XWQu xm rnv JtEQWllOi,U !lUS, E1tELO~ ue nugO!lOLO tQc)Jto EXOU~E GtEQ118d oAu tc anugui.'LfP:U YLa -.;11 ~wi), EXOU!l£ ylvEL nEQLJtAaVW!lEyoL xm ~l1tL(iVOL, xu8w~ bEY ~EQOU!lE nou YU xatucpUY0'U!lc xrn JtQOXUAOU!lE ouocpogi.u OE oAOU<; tou; rortou; EYXatUmUml£ !luS; I'urtt, o» O1JVUVt~OOU!lE bUOWXLO!lEYOU£, unoqJEQ01J!lE YLmi uvuyxu~O!lamE £x-.;OS uno -';L£ OUtE£ !lu£ O1J!lepOQES vo O1J!l!lEtEXOU!lE xm OtL~ ~EVE£' UV JtuAL EQ80u!lE 0' £1JL1JXLO!lEV01JS, llnoepEQoU!lE UXO!ll1 nEgwOCrtEQO, OXL YLati, ep80voufk£ tl1v E1JL1JXLU'tOU£, uAAa YLmL ornv E'UwXiu tWY 1tAl1oi,ov~u£ DLaxQivo'U~E mo xu8uQu tL£ OLXE£ !lu£ O1J!lepOQE<;, £smti,u~ tWV 01tOLWV E!ldC; XU8E !lEQu XUVOU!lE baxQuu xm 011.0 'to XQovo bLUgXW£ ncV80U!lE yLa tl'}V natQ(bu !lUS·

IHMEIA KAEIl>.IA

• TWV npoy6vwv ttoo-

VOIOV

• TIC; ... tppovnou;

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To xptoe; npoe; TOUe; npoyovoue; _

59

KEIMENO

XQl] 6£ xaL 1Wv JlQOYOVWV JlOLl'Ioao8aL 'twa JlQOVOLav xal !-ll] nnQa!lEf,;iiom !-ly]CE Till,; rtEQi, btdvouS; EUOEBdas;- ol l't(D£ av CLatE8EiEV, d 'U£ aQa Toil,; tXEl. cpQ6VY]oi.S'; eou JlEQL tWv Ev8uCE YLyvO!-l£VWV, Ei XUQLWV U!-lWV OVTWV Ut08OLVTO ToU£ uev COUAEVElV TOLl,; BUQBuQOL£ asuDouVTU£ CWJlma£ TWv aMwv xa8LOW!-lEVOUS;, 'l)!lCx.£ bE toU£ UJlfQ til£ tAEU8EQiHI,; ouvaywvtoa!-l£vou£ !-lDVOU£ TWv 'EM11vwv ovcorcrotx yEYEvy]i-!EVOUI,;, xal. TOUS uev tWV OUYXLVCuVEUOUVTWV rorpou; !-ll] "t1Y)'xavoVTus tWV VOi-!t~Oi-!EVWV cmUVEL tWv tJlOLo6VTwv, 8l')Ba(oul,; cE t01)S taVUVTLa rtaQatuSU!-lEVOUS xQatOVVTas; Til£ XWQaS tXELvy]£;

(laOKparl), m.aTa"jK6~, 60-61)

B' rAn:II.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • J:YNTAKTIKA

TWV npoy6vwv: yev. aVTlKiKT] (ITO noovoiav. Tiie; &uo&j3&iae;: aVTlK. oro TlQpafJe:)l.7jam. ol "We; Civ i5laT&9&i&v: KUPlO npor., Eu8ela EpWTIj. &i Tie; ape ... Ylyvo~tvwv: OWT. unoser. rtpor. (helToupyei TlapeV8eTlKO). &i Kupiwv .. Tiie; xwpae; &K&iVIle;: OEUT, UTl08eT. npor. I-IE orroooor] TO dv olme:ee:fe:v (anAl'] aM~- 4-I11). OVTWV: yev. onox., xpOV. - ornoxov, !-fIX. I-Ie urtox, TO UfJWv. Kupiwv: KOTIlYOPOUI-I, (ITO UfJWv. TOUe; a~lwoeVTae;, l'J~iJe;, TOUe; TCUpOUe;, 0'1j3aiouc;: 0- VTlK. TOU Q[aeOIVTO KOI unox. TWV KOTIlYOPllI-IOT. I-ITX. Ka8IOTafJf;VOUe;, ye:ye:vrJfJ£VOUe;, TUYXOVOVTae;, «patouvrac ovrkrrorro. TOiC; j3apj3apOle;: aVTlK. (ITO oouAe(Je:lv. TO onolo eivcn TeA. oncpsuo., aVTlK. OTI"JV Wl8eT. I-ITX. roue cil;lwaaVTm;. TWV aMwv: ve». aVTlK/KT] (ITO 0e:0Tl6TOC;, TO anoia eiVat KOTI1YOPOUI-l. (ITO TOUe; cil;lwaavme;, TOUe; ouvaywvloa~tvoue;, TOUe; napaTa~alJtvouc;: Emser. I-ITX. we; napo8taele; (ITa rjfJae; Kat el'Jf3aioue; OVTloTOlXO.

M ETA. PAJ:H

IlQEJlEl ax6!-lY] va CPQOVTLOEtE xa:n:w~ xm YlU rou; JlQoy6vou~ oa~ xm va Ily]v rtaQallEAl'IOEtE [va 6dSE'tE] OUtE 'to OfBao!-lO nQo£ Exdvo'U~' mrtoi JlWS 8u ovnoootxrov (au!-lJtEQLcpEQovtav), E<pOOOV BEBma cntoi 1I0U BQ(axovtm EXEL' EX0'UV xunmu aLo8l')01'] OXELLXU !-lE La ooo OU!-lBaLVOUV ECW, cv, acpou wd~ ELO'tE XVQlOl (tl')~ xureorconc), nAl')QocpOQOVVTav o-n EXELvOL 110'0 EXQLvav xaM va )'Lvouv COVf"m'twv BaQBaQwv vivovtru xVQtm 'tWV UMWV, EVW E!-lEtS; JlOU aywvloTi]xa!-lE '_"a~i, oa£ YLa ty]v Ef"EU8EQLa, '_"OVOL coro tOUS 'EAAT]VE£, EXOU!-lE xmaO'tQacpEt xm (OLL) oi tucpm amwv nou XtV()UVEipov !-la~t oas CEV 't'UxaLVO'UV to XU8LEQW!l£VU, Myw EMEl,¢y]S Exdvorv rrou 8a rc JlQOOCPEQOUV, EVW oi 8l')Bai,m, rtou rtaQmux8T]xav otn !-lax'll EVUVTta, dvm XVQLOL tl')~ XWQas ExdvT]S;

1. LTOV KQTW xoouo.

89

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• OUK COTIV ryVTlVQ = oudeuiav

• ITOPPW TOU tE;aj..lapreiv

• OUTWC:; ... wars

• Duode:; rwv SUOOK1- 1-l110QVTWV {Ka!] rwv tmY/NOj..l£VWV

• A~ltnQLV€e; np6.!',€Ie; TOU AYOIl£IlVOva:

- an6N\a!',& TOUe; 'EMllV€<; an6 ro KaKCt

- TOUt:; cuuerxucce

- nsplqJpoVl1CJE Tlt:; ... npa!',Ele;

• EKTlllllOl1 TIle; npocoopcc TDU

90

'Enarvoc:; TWV np6~ewv TOU AY0!l£llvovo.

60

A'

KEIMENO

Trnrrqv Of t..u~<iJV ti]v ()UVU~UV OUX EOn.V ~VtLVU tWV 'Et..t..ytVLClWV nOt..fWV 2t..UnytOfV, 6.1..')..' OUtW£ ~v nOQQw tOU JLEQl tLVU£ E~u~aQtfiv, WOtE nUQat..u~<iJV 10U~ uEMytVU~ tv JLOt..EflCfJ xu!' tUQUXUL£ xu!, not..Aoi~ XUXOL£, 6vtu£, tOUtWV uev UUtoU~ CtJ1llAAUSEV, EL~ OflOVOLUV bE xmuauiaa~ 't<1 usv J1EQma 'tWV EQYWV xu!, 'tfQmW()yt xai J.lytClEV wCPEt..ouvtU tOU£, un,ou£, VJ1EQE1.0E, mQmOJLE()OV Of ouornoc; tJ1t'tou£ ~uQ~uQ01J£ ~YUYEV. Toutou Of XUAAlOV atQunlyytflu xaL 10L£ "EMytorv WCPEt..LflWtEQOV ouod£ cpuvll0EtaL JLQusu£ OmE 'tWV xor' EXELVOV 10V XQovov EUOOXLJ.l1']OUvtWV OU'tE trirv V<JtfQOV ElttYfVOJ.lEVWV.

(laOKpOTI), nOv08I)VO"KOC;, 77-78)

B' rAnEEIKA· rPAMMATIKA • EYNTAKTIKA

OUK taTIV ~Tlr; = KaIlLO. OUK taTiv ~VTlva: aVTIK. OLO f;J,,(Jrrr)aE:v. TWV noAEWV: ve», OIULpET. OLO aUK ecrtiv r'/VTlva. TOU t~ajJapTEiv: YEV. Tile; Q(pETllPiae; orto TO noopta. nopaAopwv (= enei napsJta{3E:): xpov. 1lT)(· tv noAtlJ!!>, (tv) Topaxair;, (tv) KOKOir;: qmp68. npoooiop. rtou 0IlAWVOUV EVTomOll6 ce KOTQOLa01l. TOUTWV, OIJTOUr;: aVTLK. TOU Qm7Ma~E:v. KaTaaT~aar; (= end KQteomcev: xpOV. 1lT)(. TWV tpywv: yev. OLOLp8T. TOUr; aMour;: aVTIK. OLO TO wcpeJtauvTO. IJrlllEv: auOLOLXO aVTLK. aTO TO oxpeAaQvTO. un&popw = nepiQJPOVW. OTpaTonEi5ov ouviaTrJlJ1 = aUYKEVTpWVW OLpm6. tni TOUr; papp6- pouc: eunooa. rtpoootop. nou 0IlAWVEl TO EVOVTiov. TOUTOU: yev. aUYKplTlK~ an6 TO Kc1Mwv. aTpaT~YrJlJa = npa~ll TOU OLPOTllYOU. np6~ar;: «ornvopnI1OT. 1lT)(. TWV &UllOKIIJrJoaVTwv,. TWV tmYEvojJEVWV: EmBeT. 1lT)(. OE 8tOTj YEV. OLULpET. an6 TO ouot:ir;.

r

METACi»PAEH

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IHMEIA KJlEIb.IA

• rnv o6~av njv ... j.1lffJj.1DVeUer;aO!1f';VI]v

• njv Pgeuj.1iov Koi tnv euooll./Dviov njv ... YIYVDj.1elffJv

• Koi [unep} rillv ciAAwv"EMrjvwv

• Tt m:PlcpPOVT)Oe Kat Tl rtporiunce a 811- oeat;

• AmOAOYT"JOT"J T(ON ernil.oywv"[ou

H Op&T~ KQI I") tpPovl")OIl TOU 0110&0,

61

A'

KEIMENO

"Exwv yaQ [EhlOEU£] ~aOLAELaV ampaAEOTCtLl]V xaL [lEYLOLl]V, tv n nOMa xal xaAa C\L(u[EJtQaY[l£vo£" ~v xaL xma nOAE[lOV xal JtEQl OLOL?-tl]OLV Til£" nOAEw£, O.1wvta taD8' unEQEiC\EV, xal ~aMov dAHO rijv Msav rijv ana tWV JtOVWV xal TWV aywvwv Et<; anavw 'tOY XQovov !-!Vrj~oVEu81100[l£Vl]V ~ ti]v QQ-8u~Lav xal rijv f1JC\m!-!ov(av Li]v tna Li]v ~aOLAELaV £v 'tcf:J JtaQovtt ytyvo!-!£VrjV, KaL tmrr' E.TCQaSEV, oux £JtELC\i] .TCQW~UTEQO<; YEVO!-!EVO<; a.rcoAEAaUXoot; ~v tWV 6.ya8wv 'tWV naQovtwv, aAA' 6.x[la1;wv Ti]V [lEV nOAW, oot; AEYE'tm, C\lOlXElv tcf:J nAtl8H naQEowxEV, amo; 0' uJtEQ WULl]; 'tE xnl nirv UAAWV 'EAAtlVWV OLHEAEL XWOUVEUWV_

(laOKpCT'l. novae'lVa'iK6~, 128-129)

B' rAnI.I.IKA - rPAMMATIKA . I.YNTAKTIKA

&XWV (= ei «ai dXev): evaVTlW~OT. J.ITX. &V n: q.mp68. rtpocotop, TOU x.pOYOU. TfIe:; TTOA&we:;: ve». OVTlK/KrlOLO OIO{KI'/arV. clTle lWV TTOVWV, (clTle) n;)V ayWVWV: e~npo8. rtoocoroo. Tl1<; orrloc. ~ TI'JV P99u~iav Kai TI'JV eul5Q1IJOviav: W oooq OUYKplOTle;' TO OUmOOLLKQ OVTlK. TOU eiseto. 510 lllV paOlAeiav: surtpoa. npooorop. TT']e; omcc. &TTe151'J ... lWV TTOPOVTWV / aM' OKlJell;wv TIlV lJev TToAIV - i510lKeiv ... TTapi5wK&v / aUloe:; i5' ... Klv5uveuwv: rpe«; (3) QlTlOAOY. npor. yevolJevoc:; (= ene! eytvt:To), aK~al;wv (~ OTe r'jKJJo(ev): x.pav. J.ITX. TTpeUpUT&pOC:;: KOTl1yapou~. TWV oya9wv: OVTlK. OLO Clnolte)"aUKWC:; ~v. TI'JV TToAIV (cp.) , Tcj.I TTA~9&1 (8J.lJ.l.): aVTlK. TOU noptowKt:v. I5lolKeiv: oncpeurp. TOU OKOnaU. UTTep TaUTIle:;, [UTTep] TWV 'EM~vwv: eJ.lnp68. npOOOlOP" OT']t..Wvet unspocmon. Klv5uv&uwv: Kon)YopT']J.lOT. ~T)(. ana TO oreTtAt~I.

METACI»PAI.H

IIQaY[latL [0 8rjOEa;], av xm ElXE ~amAEla nOAu am:paAtl xm LOXUgtl, xma Ll] Ota.QxELa Ll]; O.TCOlas ElXE xmOQ9WOELnOAAa O.TCOUaala [EQya] xm OXEtLXa [lE toy nOAEI-W xm OXE'tLXa [lE LY] OLOlXl]Ol] 1:l]; 1tOAl];, oAa ama. rc .TCEQLCPQOVl]OE xm .TCQOLL!ll]OE !laAAOV Ll] Msa, nou 8a [lVl][lOVEUELaL EsanLa<; tWV XO.TCWV xm TWV aywvwv mwvLa, naga LY]v aVE[lEALa xru Ll]v Euom[lovLanou Ol]!lLouQYEhm (.TCQOXUJttEL) (U[O Ll] ~aOLAda ornv naQouoa nEQloC\o. Koi exove aU1:a 0XL YLatL, YEQO; mal, ELXE anOAaUOEL La rtnoovtu aya8a, aAAa ornv aX!ltl 'tl]S l]ALXLa; tou2, onw£ AEYELm, nagEC\WOE Ll]V nOAY] OtO Aao YLa va Ll]V OWLXEl, EVW 0 Lowe; auVEXWC; XLVOUVEUE yt' auttl XaL YLa tou; aMOU; 'EAAY]VE;.

1. KaTe M~~: oeou tYlve ytpo,.

2. KaTe. MI;~: orov rrrov OTTJV OK[l~ TIl, T]I\IKio, TOu.

91

EHMEIA KIIEIAIA

• irraveA8ou07)<;. Ao{3ou07)<; {rfj<; EMVI7<;i

• ryA80v JlVl7C7TEUaOVtee

• TOU JliMOVTO<; ouvolKljaslV aUrt!

• oUrW ... WC7TE

• H EAtVll OE T]Audo y6~ou

• 01 iJ.Vl1cmiP8~

- 01 np0)3Atili81<; TOU~

- T] QliQK8ljJI"] Kat I"] 0iJ.0l!30[O un6crxe- 0Tl TOU<;

92

62

KEIMENO

METa yaQ ulV 811otw£ Ei£ "Aioo» xa'nl~aOLv E:rravEA80uCIT]£ au- 8L£ Et£ AaxEbai.llovu xuL :rrQo£ 'to 1lVl"](J'tEuw8m Aa~ouCIT]£ ~ALxi.av, &.JtaV'tE£ ol rots ~aatAEUOV'tE£ xaL bUVU(J'tEUOV'tE£ ulV UUulv YVeDllllV f.OXOV :rrEQL uirrii£- Es6v yaQ uutOl£ AaIl~UV£LV tv ml.£ mrrorv :rr6A£OL yuvuixu£ 'to.£ JtQW'tEuou(Ja£, lJJtEQuSoV'tE£ wU£ oLxm YUllou£ ~A8ov EXEI,vllv 1lVl"]O'tEU(JOV'tE£_ 0UJtw bE XEXQtllEVOU 'tou IltMOVtO£ uirrfi O'Uvmxrjouv aM' f.tt xmvij£ 't'f]£ LUXTJ£ OUCIT]£, oihw nQ6b'f1AO£ ~v &.rmorv E(JOIlEvTJ 1tEQLIlUXTJ'tO£, &O'tE O'UVEASOV'tE£ ni.O'tEL£ E600uv aAArjAou; ~ Il~V ~01l8';(JELv, d tL£ CmOO'tEQOl'f1 'tOV aSLw8EV'ta Aa~Eiv aun]v, vOIli.~wv £xaO'to£ ulv ErtLXouQi.av tmrrqv amqJ naQaaxEuc1~ELV_

(laOKp6T~. EMv'l, 39-40)

B' rAn~~IKA· rPAMMATIKA " ~YNTAKTIKA

enav&A8oUOIlt; (= enei erroVT7A8e0, Aaj5ouolle; (= enei iAo/Je0: yev. anoA., xpov. I-.l1X. ue er«. urrox. Tf)~ 'EM;VT)~- npoe; TO I.IVIlOT&U&o8m: e~npoe. npooi310p. TOU oxortou. E~6v (= ei KO! e';f}0: UlTIOT. cnox., eVaVTlW~OT. ~. Aal.l" jJaV&IV: TEA. OnapEI-l'P., unox, TOU e';6v. yuvaiKat;: Ka1TJYOpou~. aTO toe rrpwreoouoac. un&pli5ovn:e; (= ene! unepefoo0: xpOV. ~TX. aUV11I-lI-l. IJvllon:uOOVT&t; (= tva f.1VT)OTeUOWOl / uvnareuacusv t'J f.1VT)aTeUoelO0: TEA. I-lTX. auV111-l1l. K&KP11.I&VOU, OUOr)C;: yev_ onox., xpov. I-lTX. aUTn: aVTlK. TOU OUVOIKr]aelV, TO ortoio elvm TEA. ortcpeurp., aVTlK. aTO TOU /-JeMOVTOC;. tOOIJ&VIl: KO- 1TJYOPllf-iOT. I-ITX- ~ IJl'tv = rtpcvpon. &i TIt; anOOT&POIr) = &i TIt; cnoorepel - 130Ila~O&IV (= /J0'18r,aof.1e0: npayf-IOTIKO f-IE EWOla rtpooooxtouevou.

METAClJPUH

'Y O'tEQa uno rnv xu80bo 'tOU 8TJota (JtOV AOTJ, ucpOU ['f1 EAEVTJ] mEatQEtj.tE savc1 a1TJ AuxEbaLllova xrn ~QSE OE TJALXLa Yc11l0U, 6AOL aVESmQEtw£ EXELVOL nov tors nrov BaatALc1bE£'; ELxav ESOU(JLU ELxav 't'f1V (ola yvc.OllTJ yt' aun'j· 1l0AOVOtL unooouocv oTJAa6,; va :rruQouv oru; JtOAH£ tOUS Yla YUVULXE£ tL£ 1tQc.OtE£, acpou 1tEQLCPQ6- vnonv tOU£ Yc11l0U£ crrnv natQL6a tOU£, ';Q8av yta vc ~TJt,;aouv oe Yc11l0 EXELVT] ('t'f1V EAEVTJ)- Ki EVeD ux61lT] bEV ELXE EXAfYEL EXELVO£ nou E1tQ6xELtO va O'UIl~leDOEl 11' aut,; aMu'f1 nJX1) ,;tav ax61ly] XOLv~ [yla 6AOU£ tOU£ IlVT]at~QE£], ,;mv rooo qxrvsoo oe 6AOU£ 6tL Sa YLVtL II cute aXDIlY] XaL yta IlUXTJ, eDa'tE [OL IlvY]at';QE£ DAm}, ucpou O'UyxEV'tQeD8TJxav, Eowaav ullOLBaLa Un6OXECIT] 6tl1tQc1YJ..lan 8a Bo- 118~oouv 0 EVU£ 'tOY UAAO, Ec1V xc1nmo£ 't'f1v 1tc1QEL a:rr6 EXELVOV nou xQL8TJXE USLO£ va 1TJv naV'tQEU'tEl, ytm( 0 xa8Eva£ JtLatEUE on [Erm] EtOLIlc1~El aUn] 't'f1 Bo,;8ELa yla tOY srnrro tou.

l:HMEIA Kl\ErAIA

• OT' = ore

• QC; ... QKOUeiV

• OWpSQe; OlITQC; = TOUe; «aonouc; Kai Tijv tesstn»

• aiTIOI TOU 1.11'1 (flV

• OUTW(C;) ... WOTe;

• H tll'U.l'lTPo O'T'lV A6r;vo

• H oUI·mepLCj10p6. TIle; oneVOVTLOTOUC; npoy6voue; !.loe;

• To ow po rnc: 01 Kopnoi Kat l"J T!;M;n']

• To oV6PWnLOTlKQ m08ri uoro TIle; A6r;voe;

H npoo,!,opa 1T)<; AS.,vac; OTOUC; aMou<; 'EAA!Jvec;.

63

-A' .. KEIMENO

L1i]ft'l1'tQo£ acpLX0ftEV'l1£ EL£ tijv XcOQUV, o't' EJtAavi]8'l1'tii£ KOQT]£

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vcoi, xat tijv tEAEti]V, ~£ ol [lE1aOXOVn:; nEQ!. rs tiic; tOU ~!.ou rsAE1Jtiic; xaL'tou ouunovro; aLwvo£ lJoi01J£ 'tac; fA.rtioa£ £xoumv, outW£ l] rtOAV; l]ftWV ou [lOVOV 8EO<PLAW; aMa xat cpLAav8QcOnwe; iOXEV, WOtE x1JQi.a YEVOftEVT] tOOOln;WV aya86Jv oux tcp80VT]OE tOLe; UAAOL£, aM' wv EAa~Ev anam f-lEtEOWXEV.

(laoKpOTIl, nav",vupIK6~, 28·291

B' rJ\lU:l:IKA· rPAMMATIKA • :l:YNTAKTIKA

CIlPIKOjJEV'l<; (= ene! orpiKE:TO), apnooElei'lo'lC; (= ette! f/pnoaEJ!]), lilaTegeio'l<; (= end OIE:Te8!]), liouo'l<; (= ene! SOWKE:): yev. ano}..., xpov. ~.nx· ae; ... OKOU· elv: 5eUT. ovooop. npor. oKouelv: unox. TOU olov T' (eati). OUOOI: KClTllYOPTJ· IJ.OT. IJ.TX. TOUe; KopnoUe;, mv TeAa~v: E:ne~TJyi)CJE;lC; OTO owpeac;. TOU jJrll;f)v: vt», aVTlK/K1'] aTO aittot. ~e;: OVTlK. aTO 01 uetaorovrec. ~rJl-lr')TPO<; ... xwpav - KO! npoe; ... tuepyeouilv • xni liouor')e; liwptaC; liITTCe;, • TOUe; Tt KopnoUe;

- Koi TrlV TtA&TrJv • OOTWe; ... to)(tv: xupin rtpor. ytV0I-IEVr'): xpov. 1'] eVOVTlW-

IJ.OT. IJ.TX. oya9wv: yev. OVTlK!Ki) ana TO «uoia. role OUOIe;: aVTlK. aTO erp86- VTJoe. wv tAape (= TOUrwVQ slLaj3e): avacpop. rtpor. aVTlK, TOU J.1eTiowKev.

METAcSlPA.I.H

'Orrrv T]L1i][llltQa EcptaOE O'tll XcOQa [lac;, ucpou nEQLJLAavrj8T]XE UOtEQa nno tT]V aQnayi] tT]t; XOQT]C; tT]C;, xm acpou CYUftlLEQLCPEQ811- XE !-l£ E1JVO'Lxi] OUX8EOT] nQoc; t01Je; nQoYOV01Je; ftae; YLa nc; UrtllQWLEC; t01J£ [nQoe; amrjv] rton OEV ErtltQEnEtm va cxouve aAAOL naQa uovo OL ft1JT]ftEVOL, xm UCPOUto1J; EOWOE OUO OWQEEt;, n01J CYUf-l~a(VEL va Eivm nOAu OTJ!-lUvtLXE£, OT]Aaoi] xm t01J; xaQnou£, rtou EXOW yiVEL mtiu VU[lT] ~OU[l£ E[lELC; ftc TQOrtO 811QlcOOll, xm mv TEAEtri [TWV EAE1JOlVi.WV [l1JOtT]QLWV], n01J Dam rto.Q01JV !-lEQOe; a' a'lJ"tit EXOllV xuMtEQE£ tLt; EA.n:ioEe; TOUC; xm yta TO tEAOe; tT]e; miynu; ~wrje; roix xm Yla tT]V uuoviorrrto, OE rooo [lEyo.AO ~a8fto II nOAT] ftat; 0Xl f-loVO £tXE tT]V suvoin tWV 8EcOV aAAa xm Eon~E rc uv8Qwrtlonxa tT]£ m08i]!-la'tu, roots, acpou (av Xat) EYLVE x1JQiu rooo nOMcOv uya8cOv, OEV tc aQvi]8T]XE coto cp8ovo moue; o.AAO'UC;, uAAa avtl8£1a OE 0- A01J£ [lOLQaoE an' mrtn rtou rtriQ£.

93

IHMEIA KIIEllllA

• 'HYOU/-IQI." av «ataYVWVQI

• TrjJ JiF:V l= TrjJ /3001- As[ TWV nspawv} npoupviaitepov

• toooutou ... waTS

• TO<; ... YSYSVJ7/-1E.vo<; rapoxo<;

• Tt 8ewpeL 0 IOOKPOn)C; Ilsy6.A11 Tpi:i\a

• Ti eLVOl rno WqJi:i\lj.JO YlO TO ~OOlAl6 TWV nepowv KOL nota eLVOl 11 OTOOTj pee onevovn a' curov

94

Tt &m~6AAEI TO OUI·upepov Tile; EAA6i5ae;.

64

A'

KEIMENO

'HyO'\J~WL b' Et 'tLVE£ aAA08Ev End8ovrEC; 8w'taL ytVOlvrO 'tWV naQovrwv JtQaYl-la"twv, JtOAA~V &.V amouc;xmayvwvm l-!aVLav al-!cpmtQwv YJIJ,WV, O'L'tWEe; oVtW JtEgL !-lLXQWV XWOuVEllOIJ,EV, ESOV 6.bEWe; nOAAa xExTfi08m, xal"t~v ~!-lETtgay au'twy XWQay (')lacp8ELoouev, af,tE/..Y]OaV'tEe; 't~y 'Aotov xagJtoiJ08m. Kat 'to [!EY ollbEv JtgouQYLaL1EgOY Eonv ~ oxorcsiv ES roy [!T]bEno'tE Jta1Joo[!E8a ngoe; 6.AA~A01JC; JtOAE[!oiJV'tEe;'YJf!Eie; bE 'tOOOm01J btof,tfv auYXgOllELV 'tL 'tWV EXELVOU Jtgay[!a'twv fl JtOLEiv OmOLa~£lY, WO'tE xaL 't<xe; 6LU 't~v 'tllXT]V am0 YEYEVT]f!Evae; 'taQaxCt£ auv6LaAllELv EJtLXELg01JIJ,EV, ...

(ICJOKP('IT~, nClV'IYUp'KO<;, 133-134)

B' rJUU::IIKA. rPAMMATIKA . :IYNTAKTIKA

&1 TIV&c; ... Y&VOIVTO ... TTPOYIJClTwv: OEUT. urr08ET. noor. IlE ortooocn TO QV KOTOYVWVOl (= QV Karayvof£v): et;apTIlIltvoc; unoser. Myoc; nou oll?>.wVEL TTlv anM oKtljJll· tn&A90VT£c; (= e! tneA801ev): )(pov. - un08ET. 1lTX.. IlE cmoooon TO QV yevolvTO (anM OKtljJll). TWV npOYI.JllTWV: yEV. aVTLK/Krl 010 Beatai. KOTaYIYVWOKW TlVOI; lJoviav = KaTaAoyi~w OE KonOLOV rpexc. OITIV£c; ... K&KT';- 0901/ Kai Tr'tV I'JIl&T&pav ... KapTTouo9al: OUO ovccop-crnoxov. rtpor. t~ov (= ei «ci t~£(TTl): ornor. cnox., evcvncouor. 1lTX.. K£KTrl09al: TEA. rmcpepo., urtox, 010 t~6v. OIJ&MOOVT&I;: EVaVTLWllaT. rl )(pOV. 1lTX.. T4IIJ&V (= (3aalA£f):

OOT. aVTLK/Kf] 010 npoUpYW{TEpOV . .; oxorreiv: W opoc OUYKPLOI"]C;. t~ WV ... TToA&IJOUVT&c;: nMYLO epurrnuct. rtpor., aVTLK. TOU aKorrefv. noA&1l0UVT&I;: «rmvopnurrr. 1lTX.. TOOOUTOU: aVTLK. 010 &OJ-lf:v. OTOOlCl~&IV: OVTLK. TOU nOIe[v, TO onoio fJo~i 1.1& TO alJYKpouelV EivOL aVTLK. OTO &OJ-l£V.

META4tPA:IH

NO[!L~W on, av XCm:OLOl, acpoll (ov) EQXoV'tav uno aMa [!EQ'Y], YLvovtrrv 8EmE~ 't'Y)~ xmao'taOT]C; rtou EJtLxQmEl'twga, 80. xmaA6YL~av mrrot [!EyaAT] 'tgtAa XaL O'tOU~ 000 E[!a~ (= LJtaQ1u'nEC; XaL A8TjvaLouc) nou XWbWEUOWE YLa rooo [!Lxga Jtgay[!ma, EVW ELVaL 6uvmo va anoxn'joOU!-lE nOMa XWgl£ cpo~o, XaL n01J xmaO'tgtcpoU[lE 't'Y) bLx~ IJ,a~ XWQa, EVW (orpou) 6ELI;a[!E a6lacpogLa va EX[!£'taMEmoll!-lE 't'Y)v Aoto, Koi 0' mrtov (= 'to ~aOLALa torv Ileooov) ~E~ma ttrrote bEV ELvm JtLO WcpOclf!O ana 'to yo. xOL'ta~El [!E noto "tgono 6E 80. orn[!an'joOU[!E nmt va JtoAffla[!E 0 tvae; evovttov rou aMau' E[!ElC; 0!J.(J)C; .000 JtOAlJ anExou~E cote 'to vc oa[.U'tO'tagOU[!E xCm:OLa cero tle; uno- 8tOEt<; EXElVOU i] vc JtgOXaAaUf,tE [toix 1J1tT]XOOUe; roo] yo. snovccrctouv, WO'tE JtQooJta800[!E axo!-la xm va 'tOY ~0T]8i]OOUf!E va xctcO'tELAH 'tL~ avmaQaXE~ JtOU 't01J EXOUV O'Uf!~d ESaL'tLae; 't'Y)e; WXT]C;.

:EHMEIA KAEIAIA

• vouiatu; aovoioe»

• arrOOn7GGI DUX oloc r'~v

• anootnocu rwv ixoJ.livcuv

• oUrcu... wors

• E:UPIOKoV aUn7v av ayouoav

• e! i50l;E:1E: ... il;E:vey«siv

• nwC; euploKE TOUC; cpouc TT]C; ELPt'jVllC; o IOOKPOTT]C;

• Tt TOV anaoxoAouoE

• Me rtoio rpono 8a nopeueve t'jOUX11 11 n6A11

65

A'

KEIMENO

L1JVYj08dS; DE wi-; :I1fQL tilt; dQ~Vl1S; '4!YjcpLo8fim xui VO~Loas; OU ~OVOV ~~iv &/../..0. xaL cot xaL mis; at..t..OlS; "Et..t..l1mv anam auVOLOfLV, anOO1:i]om usv nlV EllaULoi} DtO,VOLav tWV EXOIlEVWV OUX oIos; t' ~v, aM' omw DLfXfllll1V WOt' EU8Us; oxoxeiofkn mos; &.v to. nfJtQaY~Eva naQallElvfLEV ij~iv xaL ~l] XQovov O/"lYOV ij :I10/..lS; ~IlWV Dla/..lrtouou :I1o'/..LV EtEQWV nO/"E~wv Em8'OIl~ofLEV' i:lLE~Lc.OV DE nEQL tOUtWV :I1QOS; E~aUtOV ElJQlOXOV oUDaIlWS; &.v O:/../..WS; aUnlv ijauXlav avouonv, n/..l]v Et M~Elf taiS; :I1o/..Em taiS; ~EytOTaLS; Dla/"uoaIlEvats; to. nQos; ocpas; auto.s; ELS; tl]v 'Aotnv tOV :I10/..EIlOV EI;EvEyxEiV ...

(laOKpaTI]. (J)f,l.mno~, 8-9)

B' r,uU::EIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :EYNTAKTIKA

auv'1a9&i~ (~_rrx. TaU auvr,oOI1Ol), vouiccc; OlTlO.\OY· IlTX. Toi~ 1jJ'1!Plu9&im: 50T. TTJC; omcc. ouvoioerv (TOU aUJ1cpf;pw): E:l5. ortcpeurp., aVTlK. TOU vOJ1iace. TI')V l>lClvolav, Tliiv £XOIJ£VWV (OU5E:T. vev.): aVTLK. TOU anoamooi. TO anoia aVTLK. aTO OIOe; T' fiv (npooom: e:5w 1l qlpaOT] 6e:v e:iVQL ortpootorm). wor' .. , aKon&iu901: 5e:UT. oUllnepooll. OflOpellqlOT. rtpor. (0T]Ilo1ve:L TO onorexeouc). nlii~ tiv ... I')lJiv / Kai IJI') Xpovov ... £m9ulJ~a£l£v: or 5uo (2) nMyle:e; eoccrnucr. rtpor, aVTLK. TOU oxonsiotku. l>lo'\einw = aqlr']vw va rteocou xp6voe;. nO,\&lJwv: OVTIK. aTO srrr8ul1r,om:v. i51&~I(I)V (Tau OISE,E:1111 / (jc£E,spxoJ1al): xpov. IlTX. tiv ayouuov (= OT! av ayol): 6UVllTlKtl «orrtvopqucr. IlTX. an6 TO dJplaKov, an6(s00T] aTO ei ooE,ele (onAr'] OKE:4J1l). TOlt; "0'\&01: (SOT. npoaWmKtl· l>laAuaalJ&Val~ (= srrav olOAUOWVTaI): xpov. IlTX. TO rrpoq Olpa~ auT6~ = TlC; ll8Ta1;u TOUe; E:pl5ee;.

METACIIPA:EH

EnuDij EuxaQl0ui8Yjxa AOLnov uno ns; anocpCtOELS; (LOUS; OQouS;) ym tl1V uQ~Vl1 XaL nlOtE'4!a an [auui = Yj ELQllVl1] 8a WCPEA~OEL 0- XL ~OVO EIlO,S; a/../..o' Xat oevc xm lOUS; O,/../..O'OS; 'E/../..YjVES;, DEV ~OQouoa vc a:l1o~axQuvw tl1 OXf'4!Yj ~OU coto tn ooo axo/..ou80uv (r«; auvfnELES;), a/../..o' ~QLOXOIlOUV OE reroto xmo'o'ta011 W01E a~lfows; va E:;HCt~W nws; Sa ~oQouoallE va Dlmy]Q~oou~E ro ooo ELxav ltQax8fl Xat IlE rtoto 1120:110 Yj :I10Al1 ~as; DE 8a Em8u!loUOE lto'/..L Ct/../..OUS; :I10/..E~OUS; U01:EQal cero :I1O,QODO /..tyou XQovou' EVW /..0L:J10V ESEta~a tn 8£~ata ouro; EUQloxa on aut~ (= Yj :I10/"Yj ~as;) ~E xcvevov O,MO "[Qono OE 8a naQE~EvE ~auXl1 EXtOt; av OL ~EYo'/"ES; :116- /..US; anocpo'm~av, acpou orcucrqoouv 'Us; ~Etal;U LOUS; EQLDES;, va ~E'tUCP£Qouv LOV ltOAE uo omv Aotn ...

95

:EHMEIA KAEIl>IA

• T<J 6yelv rr,V eiplj<'r/V

• Myel ... TOIOUTOUC; AoyouC;

• nepivivvetcu ry oxoAry Koi TO nouiv

• TOUTOlC; [neptvivvovTal}

• Me noaa aE:~01"Q 80 aaxai\rJ8ei 0 lIT)~OoBtVT)t;

• nOla ovnooccn U· mlPxel orov ovosutIJ€l KonOIO 8E:~0 O)(ETlKO ps TO $iAm· no

• nOLO eivor TO KE:Poae;

96

Eni8&0Il TOU LUll.loa8tvr) KelTO TWV «£IPr)Vlo"TWV» .

66

... A'

KEIMENO

TIUVta LOLVUV LaAA' Elnwv o.v ijOEwr; xal OEU;ar; 6v LQanov Vf..uxr; EVLOL XmanOAL""tl?UOVTaL, La !--LEV aAAa Eaaar aAA' EJt£Loav LL LWV nQor; ~LALJtnOV EI-tJtEOTJ, EuEh'Jr; avaoLar; LLr; AEyn LO ti]v ELQ~V11V ayELV wr; aya80v xal LO lQE<PELV Ouva!--LLv !-lEYM11V wr; XaAEJtOV, xaL «OLaQn6.~ELv LLVEr; la XQ~!--Lma ~OUAOV1aL» xaL lOWm01Jr; Myour;, ES mv ava~UAA01JOl !--LEv V!--Lo.r;, YjO'UXLav bE JtOLaUOlV EX£i.VCP nQu'tTELV o.u 130UAELaL. 'Ex 010 ToULWV JtEQtYLYVELaL vfllv !--LEv ij OXOAl) xaL 'to fl110EV ij011 nOLELV - &. O£OOLX' onwr; !--LiJ ijy~aE08' EnL JtOAAqJ y£YEvi'ja8aL- TOULOLr; bE ai xaQL1Er; xal 6 !--LLa80r; tourorv.

("rIlJOa6tv~, ncpr TWV &V X&Ppovqow, 52-53)

B' rM:E:EIKA· rPAMMATIKA . :EYNTAKTIKA

&inwv av, 6e1~o«; lay]: OUVT]TLKtC; eVaVTlWI-IOT. 1-1<)(. bv rporrov ... KOTonOhlT&UOVTOI: maYla epWlTJl-IOT. rrpor., OVTlK. (ITO Oei~ae;. KOTonohm:uojJol = unoroooto I-Ie lTJV nOAtTlKTi. tm:16av ... &jJnton (;<pov. cnoser. rtpor.) - AtV&I: uoptorn enav6J\.r)\lJll (ITO rtnpov Kat 01"0 I-ItMov. &jJnimw = rtopouotozouca. clvaoT6«; (= tnav Qvaa77'l): xpov. 11<)(. Tel evelv, TO TptqlelV: aVTlK. TOU AtY€( I-Ie npOAr)\lJr)· KOVOVlKa unox, OTIC: nMYlec; epurr. we; oya86v {eatt] KOI we; xaAm6v {eon] aVTL01"Olxa. A6you«;: oucrrorxo aVTlK. (ITO ASYC!, avo!3oMw TIva = napellnoi5l~w I-Ie rtpooncerc. rrpcrreiv: oncpeurp. TOU oxonou. 6,TI!3ouhum: II avacpop. rtpor. aVTIK. aTO ttoattetv. ~ axOh." TO ncreiv: uno«, TaU fl€PCY{YV€TOI. il: aVTlK. TOU &OOIX' I-le npOA'l\IJll· «ovovu«; sivo. uno«, TaU Y€y€vija801. 6nwe; jJr, ... y&vevl'ja9cl: i5eUT. eVOOlQaT. rtpor., aVTlK. TOU &00(KQ (13;>"'. EMnELillNQ, 1, oes: 33). TOUTOIC;: OVTlK. TOU neptvivvetcu.

r

META.PA~H

Evw Aol.1tOv 8a EAEya £1JXaQLOLWr; OAa'ta 6JJ..D. XaL 8a aar; EOELXVa !-lE nOLO lQono flEQLxoi our; xmaOLQE<p01JV !-lE LY]v JtOALLLX~ 'ta1Jr;, £V'toULOL'; 8a La a~ow OAa La UIJ...a. (Xat 8a ntQLoQLaLw !-lOVO OE Evn): may avaxu1pEL x6.nOLo 8EILa coto La OXELLX6.flE LO ~iALJtJtO, aflEaw.; acpaU OfIxw8£L xUnOLor; MEL rtooo E1JXUQLO"tO eivrn va ~£L xuvELr; ELQllVLXU XaL nooo MaxoAo ElVaL va oLaLflQEL xav£L'; flEYM11 OLQmw)'nx~ OWa!-ll1 XaL [Myour; onwr;] «!--LEQLXO( 8EAouV vu OLaana- 8iaauv La XQr1!--Lmu fla.;» XaL TETOL01J'; My01Jr; ILt L01J'; OnOlO1J'; JtaQE- 1-tJt00i~auv w6.r;, EVW nQoa<pEQ01JV at XElVOV 110'Uxia, oxrts va XUVEL O,LL 8EAH. KL an' amu anO!--LEVEL w.; XEQOOr; os aar; 11 aVUna1JOfI XaL LO vn !-ll1v XUVEtE tUWTE JtQor; TO naQov - nQuY!-lma n01J <PO~UflaL !-l~Jtwr; 8EWQ~OE"tE on XEQo~9rjxav UV'tL flEyMo1J aV'taAAuwmOr; - EVW a' amour; 11 £1JYVWflOaUVfI [L01J <l>LALJtJt01J] XaL 11 a!--LOL~~ yt' amu.

:!:HMEIA KAEIt.IA

• 'EOTI... U/JIV ... (JTTOU' oaoTiov

• we; KOt\A!OTa = 600 TO ouvcrov KaAlrrE:PO

• Of TE: <5u56vn;c;

• KO! 01 {{)lo6vTE:e;}

• we; QA1J8we; = npay- 1-lQ1"IKQ, flt~Qla

• ti KW;"UE:I slvai.: «ai.: elva:

• nOIOI VOIlOl Kupiwe; rtpsns. va elVOL KOA6 ouvrovpsvot

• nOla T1 M:ITOupyia cuuov TWV voucov

• nOla Ta onorexsOI-lOTO TOUe;

nOiOI vOIlOI llpollaVTwv llpellel va e1val aplOTol,

67

KEIMENO

'Eyw 0' £'tL ~uxQU nQOS U!-lUS elmov xmo.~i]aO!-lo.l. "EmL YUQ, cD avOQE~ 'A8T)vaiOl, JtuV'ta~ !-lEV toils VO!-lOU~ u[.tiv, oo~ EYw VO!-l(~w, ortouOo.mEov OOS XaMLat' EXHV, !-lUALa'W 6£ tolrtooS OL' Wv f) !-lLXQUV f) ueyuAT)v fat' dvm Lilv :reohv. Elol 0' oirro. 'tLVEt;; Ol te toiS 6.ya80v'tL noiotxn 'tu~ 'tL!-lUS oLMV'tE~ xal, ol toiS 'tuVo.V'tLa JtQunoom taS tuuoQLa£, EL yaQ &.:rtaV'tE£ Wt; 6.A.T)8w~ tas fV LOi~ VOf!OL£ ~T)!-lLas qJO~oU!-lEVOL 'tOO xaxov 1:l noietv 6.JtoamLEv, xo.l MYLES 'ta~ Enl'tm£ EUEQYEOtms OWQEL<l£ ~T)A.Wao.V'tES a XQ~ nQUTIHV JtQOEWLV'tO, tt XWA.UH ~£yLornv ELvm Lilv JtOALV xcl rruV'to.~ XQTjaLOU~ xal, J.tl]OEV' elvcn novnoov;

(1I.IUJoaBeVfl, npo" l\&miVlJv 154)

B'

rMl~~IKA • rPAMMATIKA • ~YNTAKTIKA

&inwv (= tnav einw): xpov. 11'X. tOTI ul.liv cmoui!iaon~ov = &[ UJ10C; onouoa(E:lV. ulJiv: OCT. rtpootort, TOU noocertou nou evepvei. TOUt; V0I.I0Ut;, TOU' TOut;: unox. TOU SXE:IV, TO ortolo etvm OVTLK. TOU onoocaoteov (eati). i!il' wv: sunpoe. npooorop. TOU ueoou. &Ivai: urtox, TOU onooo. eon. Tivet;: KOTTlYOPOUIl. oro oirto« 01 n: .. ' Tat; TII.IWpiat; [eioiv OUTOI]: KUPLO npor. oi i!i156v· rsc, oi [i!iIi!ioVTee;]: KOTllYOPOUIl. oro ew. outoi. roic noiouor, Tae; Tll.lae;, ToiC; npcrrouor, Tat; TIIJWpiae;: OVTLK. am 01 i51i56VTec;, 01 [ol06vn:c;). &i .. errocral&V / Kai [&i] ... rrpoexoivro (000 unossr. npor.) . TI KwAuSI (on60.): onArl OK£lIJll a XPrl npaTT&IV: OE:UT. ovccop. noor., aVTLK. TOU npotAolVTO.TOO nOISIV:

OVTLK. LOU anooroisv. lJ&yiOTI')V, XPI')OTOUC;, nevnpov; KOlTlYOPOUIl.

I"'~ METACI>PAl:H

Eyw, aqJou JtW ALyo. OE one, 80. xmE~w coto ro ~i]!-lo.. Tum JtQE- 7tH, UV'tQES A8l]vaLOl, xmu LYj YVW!-ll] !-lOU, vc nQooEXE'tE OAOl OL VO!-lOl aa~ vc dvat ooo 'to ouvcro ue tOY xaA1rcEQo 'tQono ouvtcv!-lEVOl, xUQ(w~ o~w£ otrtot oi VO~Ol, !-lE roue onotouc etvcu 6uvmov Tj nOAl] va yivfL fl.lXQi] i] !-lEyuAT). Kat rtotot eivrn mrrot [oi vouoi]; [Etvci] uutoi nou nQooqJEQOUV LL~ 1:l!-lES Xat 0.~0l~£t; a' ooou; xuvouv XU'tL xo.M xrn [enrol nou] Err:L~UAAOUv U£ 'tl!-lWQLES a' oooix xovouv ro aV'tL8E't0.. Ttrrtl, EUV oAm Oluv8Qwnm ~E~aLw£, uno cpoBo' YLa U£ 'tL!-lWQL££ nou oQU;'oV'tat oroo; vouoix, arrdxav uno to va xrrvouv xUtL xaxo xru av oAm, ceto qJtAOOo~Lal va nUQouv tL~ oWQ££~ nou oQ(~oV'tat Yla tt£ EUEQYWLES, fJtEAEyav ooo JtQ£JtEl va xcvouv, noio Ef!Jt06LO UJtUQXEl Tj :reOAl] !-lo.£ va ELVaL JtoAU !-lEYUATj Xat oAm ot noAb:ES evnuot Xat xavEL~ xaxo~;

1. METO<ppilcrQ[l& TIC; 0IT10hOY· f1T)(. ipo!30U/1oVO/ "01 (l}\.woavroc; '"'" S[ll1p68ETO (~ETilO1"Q"'1).

97

IHMEIA KAEllI.lA

• 6", seouevo» = TO iav",

• OPWv B1']{3aiou, sal uIJa,,, , ttapopiov TO" l'uJ..arrow:vou,. ixovm,

• siow, APIOTOCPciJvTO «ai Eu{3ouJ..ov {3ouJ..olJivouc; Kat ouoYVWIJovoOVW,

• noiec l'jTOV 01 OLOnL()'TWOE:LC; TaU ..... T]~O- 06tVT]

• Tt rtpoosxe 0 ..... T]~Do8eVT]C; KQL YLaTi

98

To O'UlJlJltpov Tile; A9r\vac; &mp6AA&1 Til O'uvali'll 'PIAfae; IJ& TOUe; EmPa[ouc;_

68

KEIMENO

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