XOIIEBAI
M£AOC; TOU nOVEAA'lViOU LUAAOYOU "AYWVIOTWV TOU MOKEOOVIKOU "AywvoC; Koi "Anoyovwv
OI'AAHN'Z ZAABO"DNOI THZ NAK'IJONIAZ
EK1l0IEII nEMIrOI AeHNA 1999
Ka8rWTlTrlC; op IOANNHI K. XOJ\EBAI MiAoC; TOU nav£MT7VtOU 2uM6you AYWVIOTWV TOU MOK£OOVIKOU Aywvoc; Kat Anoy6vwv
01 EMHNEI IAABO<l>QNOI THI MAKE~ONIAI
EKl\OIEII nEJ\AIrOI A0HNA 1999
nlNAKAI nEPIEXOMENnN
n=oaoroz 1 '1<; EKtoOIHI: H O<l>EII\H................... 19
npOI\OrOI 3'1<; EKtoOIHI: 23
EIIArnrH
0) H MaKsoovla 31 'H MaKsoovla slVQl npornipv lO
. H MaKsoovla onuofvet 0 lOOOOl1 Tile; £AA11V lKile; AaAlOe; Kal TOU £AA11VlKOU nOAlTlOIlOU
ITrl MaKSOOVla ~TaV Ii KQTOlKla TWV IlUSlKWV SSWV TWV aPXalWV ·EAArlVWV.
nOVW an' GAa MaKsoovla cnuolvci: tpwme;
13) 'H MaKsooVla moxoe; nOAAWV aVOIlWV ~AbjJswv . 36
v) "A~lOe; SaUllaOIlOU Kal t~ap011e; 6 OSAOe; TWV 'EAArl-
vwv OAa~ocpwvwv Tile; MaKsooVlae; 37
i5) rlQTl oi OKOnLaVOl rtpensr vo o uonouv 40
E) 'H £nLm11IlOVlKrl, torop lKel TSKIl11P lWIl8V11 £AA11V lKrl S80ll we; rtpoc TO OUVsxwe; crto TO IKon la ovox l vou-
IlSVO ~rlT11lla 42
or) 'H KaAuTsP11 QIlUVa siva l Ii £nlSw11. No npo~oAAoUIlS Tel £AA11VlKO OlKala 08 ~opoe; TWV OAO~WV rtou xc-
T8XOUV tAA11v lKO t06CP11 43
Q 'H OOllrl TOU tpyou 46
MEPOI npOTO IKOniANEI ~OI\IOTHTEI
A' IKOnlANOllIXYPIIMOI KAI H AnANTHIH THI IHOPIKHI MH8EIAI
0) 'H 0 lamp8~Awo11 Tile; 'lcropicc; 49
13) 'H anelVTl1011 Tile; iorop lKile; aAr')Sslae; 51
1. npo"lmopla 51
2. nSplOOOe; 'EAA11VlKOU Artouctouoil 57
3. H apxala toroptc Tile; MaKSOOVlae; 60
4. 'EVOTllTa apxalae; MaKsoovlae; Kal apxalae; "EAAO-
oae; 66
5. 'AOlelOSlma oro ryclo rtou ~oouv YlO rriv £AA11Vl-
KOT11Ta Tile; apXalae; MaKSOOVlac; 68
(1) 'Avctpopec apxalwv ouvvonoetov vio rnv MaKs-
o~~...................................................... ~
9
(2) nop08Wll aPXOlWV TOnWVUl-llWV 68
(3) OVOI-1QTO aPXOlWV MOK£OOVWV 73
(4) AlJTO nou i] oxcncvn TWV apxo 10A6ywv £Cjl£p£ O£
Cjlwe; 75
(5) 'H YAWOOO TOU Mev 'AA£~ovOpou . 79
(6) 'H £I-1CjlOV 1011 KOl i] oPOOll TWV OAOr3WV 79
6. Kup 10 I OTo81-10l OTrlV 'IOTOPlO Tile; MOK£OOVlOe;
jl£xp I TrlV npOKAllOll TOU "MOK£OOV lKOU ZIlTrlI-1QTOe;"
(90e; - 190e; a i.) 89
7. 'H £jlCjlOVlOll KOl i] £~£Al~Il TOU "MOK£OOVIKOU ZIl-
rnucroc" 91
ill (1)0011: Flportopooxcun (1828-1878) 92
211 cD 0011 : 1878-1908 92
311 ooon: 1908-1917................................................ 95
411 ooon: MWOnOA£jlOe; 96
511 ocon: 20e; nOYKOOjllOe; nOA£jlOe; - Kmoxrl -
. AVTlOTOOll - LUjljlOP rronoxeuoc il 'EjlCjlUA tOe; 98
6'1 cDoOll: Ano TO 1950 jl£XPI orjuepc 103
11
(2) npOOOpTIlOll ern L£Pr3io 133
2. Aurovounon Tile; MOK£Oovioe; 133
3. 'H MOK£oovio p£AOe; Ouoonovotoc 134
(1)H MOK£oovio p£AOe; BOAKovlKile; 'Ouoortovoi-
OC; 134
(2) 'H MOK£oovio jl£AOC; Tile;Ojloonovoloe; TWV LO-
r31£TlKwV L'lIljlOKPOTlWV Tile; BOAKovIKile; . 134
(3) . H MOK£OOVlO 01-10anOVoll LOa lOA lOT lKri L'lIl-
jlOKPQTio 134
4. 'H "OA0r30I-l0K£OOVlKrll-l£IOVOTIlTO" OTrlV 'EMOOO. 135
p) . EVO£IKT lKrl XPOVOAOY lKrl aVOCjlOpO Tile; oAor31Kile;
ouunsp lCjlOpae; an£VOVT I OTOUe; oAor30CjlWVOUe; . 135
1. /\iyo rtpiv ana TO I-l£OO TOU 190U oi. 135
2. M£TO TO 1870 136
3. 1885 137
4.1900............................................ 138
5.1900-1901 139
6.1902 141
7. 1903 142
8.1904 ..
9. 1905 .
143 143 146 150 152 156
0)
B' TA LKonlANA KATALKEYALMATA "MAKEL'lONIKO E8NOL" KAI "LAABOMAKEL'lONIKH MEIONOTHTA" HHN EAAMA
o i ivvo l£e; £8voe; - KpOTOe; - 1-1£ IOVOTIlTO 105
1. 'ESvoe;, £SVOTllTO, £SVlKrl OI-lOOO 105
2. KpOTOe; 110
3. M£IOVOTIlTO 111
'E8v IK£C; OjlOo£e; OTO BOAKOV 10 112
Oi 1-l£IOVOTIlT£e; OTO BOAKOVIO 113
To KQTOOK£U00I-l0 - l-lu8oe; YlO TO "1-l0K£OOVlKO
£8voe;" 113
'0 l-lu80e; - KQTOOK£U00I-l0 Y 10 Trl "OA0r301-l0K£OOV lKrl
1-l£IOVOTllTO" OTrlV 'EMOOO 125
To crormuo TWV H.nA KOl i] olop8worl TOU 127
LUl-ln£pOol-lo 131
164 164 165 165 165 166 167 167 167 167 168 168
10. 1903-1908 .
11. 1919-1935 .
12. KQTOxrl .
13. 1945 KOl 1-l£T0 ..
L'I' L'lIE8NHL KAKOnOIOL LKOnlANH L'lPAHHPIOTHTA
1. To LUVTOYI-l0 Tile; O.L.L'I. MOK£OOVlOe; .
2. Emonucc 0llAWO£ Ie;
3. LUl-ljl£TOXrl OTrlV KUr3£pvlloll TWV LKonlwv .
4. LKOntOV£e; opvcvtooe Ie; TOU £~WT£P lKOU .
5. LKOntOVO £VTuno . . '"
6. L'lpoOTIlP IOTIlTO OTO L lKOYO ." .
7. 'H "'IOTOPlO TOU MOK£OOVIKOU 'ESvouC;" .
8. nponoyovo lOT lKrl £KOTPQT£lO .
9. Apcornp IOTIlTO OTO TOpOVTO .
10. 'EntOK£ljJ£ Ie; OTle; H.nA ..
11. L'lpoOTIlP 10TllTO OTrlV AUOTPOAlO .
12. To KA£lOII-lO TWV £MllVOY IOUYKOOA0r31KwV
p) y) 5)
£)
OT) Q
0)
r H KATA KAIPOYL XPHLIMOnOIHLH TON LAABOcDONON THL MAKEL'lONIAL KAI H AnENANTI
TOYL LAABIKHHALH KAI LYMnEPlcDOPA 133
"Eva sn IX£lPIll-lo rtou £~unllP£TIlo£ OIOCjlOp£e; OAO-
r31K£e; OKOntI-lOTIlT£e; Tle; £~ile; 133
1. npOOOpTIlOll Tile; 'EMllV lKile; MOK£OOVlOe; 133
(1) npOOOpTllOll OTrl BOUAYOPlO 133
168 168
OUVOpWV ..
13. 'OPYOVWOll-CjlOVTOOjlO .
10
v) LTO lxclo Y la TOUe; OAof30cpWVoue; Tfie; MOKcoovloe;
usro TrlV onCAwSEpWar'] TIle; 215
1. 'H £SVOAOY. ouveeon Tfie; MOKcoovloe; TOU 1912 215
2. LTolxclo Yla TO 1920............................................. 215
3. LTolxclo Yla TO 1924........................................... 215
4. LTOlXC10 Tfie; K.TE (1926) 216
5. "EAATjVlKrl OTOTlOTlKrl TOU 1928............................. 216
6. H onoypoCPrl TOU 1940 216
7 .. AVOKOTOTa~Cle; ern OlaPKClO Tfie; KOTOxfie; KOI
TOU £~CPUAlOU 217
8. H onoypoCPrl TOU 1951 217
«5) LUiJnCpaO~OTO 218
12
13
14. M ro unorrrn OITTjOTj Y io iopuoTj LW~OTdou 169
15. . A~lwoTj Y io cnovopeuon KUKAocpoploe; £AATjV l-
Kfie; £CPTj~CpIOoe; OTrlV AUOTpoAlo 169
16. To onoTcAEo~OTO TWV noocccrev £KAOYWV 169
17. 0 i 0 lnAW~aTCe; - nodxropec 170
MEPOI llEYTEPO
H AJ\H0EIA riA TOYI EMHNEI IJ\ABO<t>ONOYI THI MAKEllONIAI
A. 01 API8MOIl'.EIXNOYN OTI EINAI EMXILTOI 171
a) E lOOYWYrl .. 171
(3) LTOlXC10 vro rnv nepiooo Tfie; TOUPKOKpOTIOe; 183 1. Toil 'EAATjVO npo~EvoU ern 8coaoAovlKTj K. BOTl-
KlWTTj (1876) 183
2. Tou V. Berard vio TO axOAclO 183
3. 'EKCPPOOTj TOU roripou Tfie; Pwoloe; (1877) 183
4. Tou "EAATjVO npo~EvoU ern 8woOAovlKTj n. 1\0-
YOS£TTj (1884) 184
5. 'Artovpctpn OTa ~EOO TOU 1884.............................. 185
6. MCTa rnv rtpoocprnon Tfie; Av. Pou~cAloe; (1885) 185
7. Toii "AYYAOU npo~EvoU ern 8woOAovlKTj Ch.
Blunt (1886) 186
8. lVCUTlKTj OTOTlOTlKrl TOU IKomocf3lTe; 186
9. reo 10... NlKOAOOTj Yla TO 1895............................. 187
10. LTOlXclO Yla Trl BOPClO MOKcoovlo (1900) 192
11. npoanasc lCe; Tfie; EMEO 193
12. '0 XapTlle; TOU Istituto Geogr. de Agostini (1903). 194
13. LTOTlOTlKrl Tfie; l'.lcSvoue; Eupwno'IKfie; 'AOTUVO-
~loe; (1904) 195
14. Enionun TOUPKlKrl OTOTlOTlKrl1904-5 195
15. Toii ICP~ovou OTPOTllYOU Von der Golt (1904) 196
16. Tou Pwoou OlKOVO~oMYou Ilerpoxp (1904) 196
17. LTOlXclO Yla rnv ·AVOTOA. Pouuexlc 197
18. LTolxclo Yla TO Kpouoojso 198
19. "EKSWTj TOU 'EnlScwpTjTrl LXOAdwv I. XOT~TjKU-
P lOKOU (1905-6)..................................................... 199
20. LTolxclo TOU D. Dakin (1906) 206
21. 'H 8lKOVO orri Arl~Tj TOU MOKCOOVlKOU 'Aywvo
(1908) 206
22. . H £8VOAOY lKrl OUOTOOTj Tfie; MOKcoovloe; OTrlV
Toupxoxporto «oro TOV Ell. IpTjyoPlou .. .. 210
B'TO LI\ABO<l>ONO 11'.IOMA KAI H 1'.1I1\OHIA TON
LMBO<l>ONON THL MAKEl'.ONIAL 219
c. H YAWOOO TWV aPxolwv MOKCOOVWV 219
f3. IlOTI KOI nwe; rtpoexuqiov oi OA0f30CPWVOl Tfie; Mo-
Kcoovloe; 222
y. To OA0f30cpwvo ioiwllO ana YAWOOOAOYlKrl anoljJTj. 225
o. IAWOOlKEe; ~wvce; om MOKcoovio sm TOUpKOKpO-
rioc 236
c. To ycyovoe; Tfie; OlyAWOoioe;. MOpTUpice; TWV 239
1. V. Berard........................................... 240
2. ko. MO~OpaKTj 240
3. I. MiVTOTj 241
4. 'H nsolrrreon TOU Nsupoxortiou 241
5. A8. naaxou 241
6. Eu. IpTjyopiou 242
7. <l>lA. l'.poYOU~Tj 242
I' H EMHNIKH E8NIKH LYNEll'.HLH THL nI\EIO-
NOTHTAL TON LI\ABO<l>ONON THL MAKEl'.ONIAL 242
a) l'.lOnlOTWOCle; Koi KpioCle; TWV
1. Kwv. Baf30UOKOU 242
2. V. Berard 243
3. J. Paillares 243
4, AA8~. Lf3WAOU 243
5. ncp lOO. "MOKCOOV lKrl ZWrl" .. 243
6. Avccroo. nTjXCWV 244
7. N lK. MEPT~OU 244
8. N. ·1f3avwcp.. 244
9 'ko. MO~OpaKTj-AivlaVOe;........................ 245
10. Tou Pwoou IOTOPlKOU rKOAAou~nlvoKu.
11. BOUAYOP lKfie; £KOOOlle; TOU 1885 .
12. K. Ilo~nov6nouAou .
13. Ertionuov BOUAYOPWV
14. rx M6011. .
15. K. BOKoA6nouAou .
16. An. rKlOOO~lOll .
17. r. Toopurtcrfovxou .
18. ApX1KO~lTOT~ll n. KAlOO£<p
19. r. A. A(£{3iVTTJ} .
20. . Ynouvnu. «oroixev MOVOOTllPlOU KOI T upvo-
~OU . .
21. Yrtouvnuo «rroistov Kpoucojsou ..
22. r. ::av80u .
23. TllA£~ AYY£AOU . ..
24. Baa. Acoupoc . . .
25. MllTP. Xpuoocrouou KaAa<poTll .
26. Xp lOTO<p. NOATOa .
27. Baa. InuponouAou .
28. E~ Fpnvopiou .
29. Ed. Stanford
30. In. M£AD .
31. <!J LA. L'lpaYOU~ll
0)
L'I' 8VIIEI KAI npOI<!JOPA TON IMBO<!JONON THI MAKEL'lONIAI rrov; E8NIKOYI ArONEI .
I. npOI<!JOPA Ano TO 170 AI. MEXPI THN EnOXH TOY MAKEL'lONIKOY AroNA.
IAa~6<pwvo 1 opucroxoi Kat KA£<pT£e; Tfie; MaK£OO-
13)
V~e;................ .....
1 '0 opuoroxoc; M£'iVToVlle;
2. '0 opuctoxoc N ocoroupcc ...
IU~~£TOxri OT~V Enovoorcon TOU 1821 - IAa~6<pw-
vo 1 MOK£o6v£e; ~Y£T£e; .
1. AYY£A~e; rOTOOe; .
2. Kan£Tov L'I icuovmc N lKOAOOU - Oxuunrmc;
3. XOT~llxpIOToe; - L'lOYKO~ lTe; .
4. Bcooc . . ..
5. flo mot cruovuuo 1 oAa~o<pwvo 1 ..
A<pol I rouvxopo Toepvo nSTPll ITaYloVVOe;
14
245 245 245 246 247 249 249 251 251 251
y) 5) £)
L'lpaOTllP iorrrrcc OT~V nepiooo 1854-1878 .
IU~~£TOX~ OT~V Ertovocroon TOU 1878 .
L'lpooll ~£TO TO. 1878 Kal we; T~V £vapE,ll TOU xupuoc;
MaK£oovlKOU Aywva .
- T OKlle; NaTO roc ii n£p~<pavoe;
. r ouxoc r KpOUTOe;
- Ncouu Kupou
- Ncouunc KwvOTaVTlvlOlle;
- Ncouu Inavoe; - Anucpovroc
II. npOI<!JOPA nON (KYPIOI) MAKEL'lONIKO Aro-
NA .
Eioaywy~
1. L'I lWY~OI KOl ovrioccon TWV oAa~6<pwvwv .
2. TO. ~poVT£p6 nAPON 016 E8vlKO npoOKAllT~PlO.
3. 'H 8uola oiucrcc TWV oAa~o<pwvwv .
4. flly£e; nOAu xapaKTllP lOTlKSe; £tKOV£e; ana T~V npootpopri TWV OAa~o<pwvwv OT6v Aywva
(1) TO. ulooc TWV BOUAYOPWV ....
(2}H ncolrrnocn TOU Mop lX6~ou . .
(3) To ZSAO~O (AVTapTlK6)
(4) "Evcc cno TOUe; nOAAOUe; KOToA6youe; oqxrv tc-
08£VTWV....... .. .
(5) I£Aloo cno TO. 'H~£POAOY 10 TOU n. M£AD .
(6) 'H rucrn Kal ~ a<poolwoll TWV 'EAA~VWV oAa~6-
<PWVWV .. .
(7) 'H OU~~£TOX~ TWV ~lKPWV oAa~6<pwvwv £AAllv6-
nouAwv .
(8) flo80e; OK6nt~0 ii oxorucvo. . ..
Oi oll~aVT1K6T£pOI "EM.llv£e; oAa~6<pwvol MOK£o6- vee 'OnAoPXllYOI Kal ~ OPOOll TOUe;
1. KWVOT. KWTae; ..
2. nauAOe; Kupou
3. L'lll~~TP 10e; NTOAlnlle; ..
4. nOUAOe; POKO~ITlle; .. . .
5. BOYY£Alle; NOTOlle; - ITp£~n£v lWTlle;
6. r£WPYLOe; rlWTOe; - Fxovoc .
7. L'lll~~TP roc rKOYKOAOKlle; - Mrrrpouonc
8. AO£A<pol L'louy roue ..
9. r iovvnc Po~v laAlle; .
10 N lK6Aaoe; - floKlle; NTallAOKlle; 11 floKlle; rlUp~Cle; - Z£~ae; .
12AVTwvlle; ZWlle; .
252 253 253 253 254 254 254 255 256 256 257 257
258
259
259 259 259
260 261 266 269 270 270
0)
13)
271 273
275
284
286 287 289
291 291 292 292
292 293
294
294 300
300 300 305 308 310 312 315 319 320 322 326 330 331
15
13. 2:n:<poe; rp'lyoplou 334
14. nOVT. flcrtouocvvou ii rpOlKOe;-NlKOWOpOe; . 339
15. XplCJTOe; T OOTOOe; ii BEOKOe; 340
y) /\0 mot crnovuuo I ··EM'lv£e; OA0[30<pwvo I oywv lCJTEe;
(OE OA<po[3rrrlKrl octpc) 342
1. Apuevo lWT'le; 2:11l0e; 342
2. BAOlKOe; r£wPY lOe; .. 343
3. BAOXlln£'le; 2:TEPYlOe; 343
4. rlO[30V'le; 343
5. rKOOOUO'le; HAloe; 343
6. rKEA£ EUOYY£AOe; 343
7. rp'lYOplOe; 'APXllloVOplT'le; 344
8. ~rlllouAlOe; Zr'jO'le; 344
9. ZO·lKOe; rIOvv'le; 344
10. HAKOe; r lO[3oV'le; 345
11. ivv IA IT~r'je; r 10VV'le; 345
12. Ieovvou Nrlvoc 346
13. Kopo·ioKOK'le; I£WPY 10e; 346
14. /\6~0e; 346
15. /\OVT~OK'le; TpO'iKOe;............................................. 346
16. Mi')voe; ~'lIlr'jTP 10e; 347
17. M IOKO<pTO'le; ii n£TponouAOe; II0VV'le; 347
18. MnoKlpT~r'je; Mr'jTOOe; 347
19. MnEKOe; BOYYEA'le; 347
20. MnpoYlOVV'le; TpO'iKOe; 347
21. NOOUIl NlKOe; 348
22. N IKOAOOU EUOYY£AOe; 348
23. OpYOVT~i')e; 8ovoo'le; 348
24. novoy IWT10'le; XplCJTOe; 348
25. nonoe; AVTWVIOe; 348
26. n£ATEK'le; rKOVOe; .. 349
27. n£pr'j<povoe; T~OAOe; 349
28. PoolvoAi')e; llO[3oV'le; 349
29. POIlOe; 8001A£10e; 349
30. 2:1£plO'le; r£WpYlOe; - 2:novoe; 349
31. 2: IWV10'le; M IXOr'jA 350
32. 2:oUYOpOK'le; nETpOe;....................................... 351
33. 2:TO<p 100e; KwCJToe;........... 351
34. 2T£PY10U Nnvoc .. 351
35. 2:TOY 10VV'le; 2l1l0e; . 351
36. Tpotovou NIKOAOOe; ii 2:10£Plle;· 352
37. TploVTo<puM10lle; nETpOe;..................... 352
16
38. TOOIl'le; Flnrmoroupoc; . 352
39. T01TOlOe; - BAOXOe; Ioxivvnc; 353
40. XOAKlOOe; ii TpOlKOe; i£WPYlOe; 353
41. XPrlCJTOU nETpOe; 353
42. XPrlCJTOU 2:ull£wv .. . 353
III. npOL<!JOPA LTOYL E8NIKOY2: AiONE2: META
THN AnE/\EY8EPOLH TH2: MAKE~ONIA2: 353
0) nOA£1l0e; - KOTOxrl - 'AVT1CJToo'l . 353
1. ·H nsotrrroon TOU Kon£Tov-2:TS<pOU IP'lYOPlou . 356
2. 'H rrsptrmoon TOU Kon£Tov-/\oK'l NTO'lAOK'l 358
3. 'H nepirrttoon TOU ilOVV'l NTO'lAOK'l 358
4.H nepnrnoon TOU IKOVOU ~ouY 10110 358
5. 'H nsptrrreorj TOU Xp. novoy lWTio'l 359
6. 'H ncotrrroon TOU Xp. Tooroou - BSOKO 359
7. 'H ncotrrreon TOU xortsrov- 'AVTWV'l ZWll 359
(3) "E1l<PUA roc; nOA£1l0e; 1946-49. ·HpW·lKrl OVTiCJToo'l TWV
'EMrlvWV oAo(3mpwvwv .. 359
1. Xwp 10 Flcvcvlron '!\pv lOOOe; 360
2. XWPlO KpOT£pO (POK0(30) 361
3. Xwp 10 KWVCJTOVTio 'AAllwnioc; 364
4. Xwp 10 npOIlOXO I 'MllwnlOe; (Mnoxo(3o) 364
5. 'H ncotrrroon TOU iKOVOU ~oUYlOIlO 365
6. 'H nepirrrtoon TOU Kon£TOV-KwCJTo Mno"lKo(3iT'l 366
sruxoroz
TA 1\A0H KAI TO !lEON
EiooywYrl.. 367
To /\6811 ·.··.·· ··· ·.. 368
... KOl TO "~EOV" 379
YnOO'lIl£IWO£Ie; 309
KUPlO Bl(3AlOYPO<P10 385
17
H OCl>EII\H
Me TO ~l~AlO OlJTO snm:Aw EVa xpeoe;. Aioucvououv OTl S lXO uio orps lAIl rtpoc Tllv iSPIl Yil Tile; MOKSOOVlOe;, rtou xcrtore enpens vo SKnATlPwow. "ETa l S~TlY€TTO l i] ortofloKPUVOIl flOU ano TOV snlOT~flovlKO Xwpo OTOV anOlO EXW aep lSpWOS l TO uevcxurcco uepoc Tile; nveuucr lKile; uou rtpoorpopdc
Isvvll8~Ko OTIl GWOOAOVlK~, onou flSYOAWOO KOl OTOOlOOPOfl~OO. KOl V lw8w novro 6pp~KTO oSflevOe; u' cum KOl Til MOKSOOVlO. "AMwOTS slflO l "EM~voe; MOKSOOVOe; orto recoepec; (TOUAOXlOTOV, 6ooyvwpt~W) ysvlee;.
'0 rtcrepcc uou, KwvOToVTlvoe; XoM~oe;, «rrovorov cno rnv 'EpOTUpO (:LeAlTaO) Tile; .0.UTlKile; MOKSOOVtOe;'. "'HTOV noxsutorric; Kat rpouuortcc TWV BOAKOVlKWV noMflWV 1912-1913 Kat TlflIl8~KS fle TO flSTOMlO TWV flOXWV .0.ptOKOU, IlOVVlTOWV, :L0poVTonopou, 'EAOOOWVOe; KOl Kpeovee, T~oufloy icc; K lAKte;, Aoxovo.
'0 ncrrrtouc uou, 'Iwovv~e; N. XoM~oe;, ~TOV noVTOnWA~e; crnv 'EpOTUpO KOl opvorcoc TponS~t~e; aTi] AOPl- 00, olSTeAws i5t routcc OTO MOKSOOVlKO 'Aywvo2.
I, BA. n. nanavlKoAoOU, "MaK£oovIKr, Zion», T. <P£{3pouap[ou 1991, o. 19: To 1669 iopu8T)K£ r, "n£pIWVUf.10e; LXOAr, L£AlTOT)e;", ana TO 1750 A£ITOUPYOOO£ EMT)VIKO LXOA£iO (Hf.1lYuf.1vOOlo) «a! ana TO 1870 nap8£vaywy£io. (I£VIKO r, Epatuoa olaKp[8T)K£ YIO Tr,V iBvIKr, «ai nVWf.1aTIKr, TT)e; npooipooti).
2. BA. AB. IIOf.1nMiKT), "EpOTUpa", 8£00aAov{KT), 1985,0£A. 196:
"XoAi{3ae; N. Ioxivvnc, l£vvr,8T)K£ TO 1844 OTr,V Epatupa. To 1886 QVOI~£ tpanecuco vocupeto OTr, /lop loa «a! ipya(omv f.1i OAT) Tr,V EMooa «a! TOV unooouJ..o EMT)v 10f.10. npooicp£p£ uevase«; uttnoeoiec OTO MaK£ooviKO Aywva «a! noMa xpr,f.1am. Hmv Tauiac; TOO EMT)VIKOO KOf.1ITOTOU Kat rtpoutineue OTOUe; aVTOpT£e; ottsa, poOxa «a! nUpOf.1aXIKo. LUVOOW£ aUTOUe; f.10VOe; TOU noMie; qooec f.1iXPI TO i;MT)VIKO ouvooa me; M£J..ouvae;. !J.IOKplvomv Ylo Tr,V naMT)KaplO «a! Tr,V anOcpaOlOTIKOTT)TO TOU. AniBav£ TO 1922".
19
'H unrepo [..lOU, Msportn XOT~oYAou, KOTaYOTav ana Tll raAclTlOTa Tiie; XaAKlolKiie; (rtou ~Tav tva ana TO coouAWTa OTOUe; TOUpKOUe;, CPll[..lla[..lEva MaVTS[..l0xWpla)_ '0 rtcrmouo [..lOU, ~1l[..lllTP LOe; XOT~oYAou, aaKllas TllV lOTP lKll ern 8saaaAovlKIl Kal aViiKS OTO rtsp l~oMov TOO KUpOU MIlTpOnOAlTIl rsvv60 lOU, a l£TEAWS Ollf--lOYEPWV Kat aVEmu~s a~lOAOYIl eeVlKll Kal KOlVWVlKll opoall.
T OV aospcpo Tiie; [..lIlTEpae; [..lOU, ernonc; Y lOTPO, 'Euucvourj), XOT~OYAOU, KOTaKp£OUPYTlaav KOTO TOV nLO ~Ovauao roorto, 'EAaolTse; [..la~l Kal Bouxvopoi TO 19433.
Mou 06eIlKS tl sUKa iplo vo ~llaw TOV aywva Y lO Til a lOOWOJl Tiie; MaKsoOvtae; pae; orov, aTf] a lOPKE to TOU eS~VTWTlKOO ef--lcpuAlou, urrnperouoo aTf] XIIl MspapXta (rtou dxs rnv EUeLJVIl Tf]e; nEpLOxiie; Fltepuov, BEP[..llOU, ndiKOU, Ka'ipaKToaAov Kat TO tMIlVOY louYKoaAa~ lKO ouvopo) Kal Tl[..lOUV aPXlOUVTOKTlle; OTll crpcruoruei tCPlll1Eptoa "MaKEoov lKOe; opoupoo''.
'Apvorspc aOXOMellKa I1E TO eEf--IOTa Tiie; MaKsoovlae; we; rEV. rpaf--lf--lOTEae; Kal aVanAIlPWTlle; 'Yrtoupv. Bopsfou 'EMoooe; 1961-1963 (KU~EPVIlOJl KWVOT. Kapal1avAii).
rlO oAoue; aUTOUe; TOUe; Myoue; eVlw8a usee uou vo l3apuv£1 TO XPEOe; Kal VO [..lE KaAsT aE «moto rtpoorpopo rtpoc 111 MaKEOOVla, Til Yii TWV rtpovovev [..lOU, rtou nOTE Mv ertours -OUOTUXWe;- v' aVTll1ETWnl~El Tte; KaKoI30UAse; Ola8EaSle; TWV Y8lTOVWV TIle;-
"AMoTS Elxaps TOUe; Bouxvdpouc, Kl ana TO 1944 £XOUI1S Til onrcvuci eruvonon TOU OTp. TlTO (TOV onoto 0Xl AlYo A.l~av(aal1s ev ~wii Kat I1STO 80VOTO) rtou MySTQl 'Ouoortovon LOUlaAlaTlK~ MaKsoovla f--IE rtpurrsuouon TO LKOnla.
~tv aV~KW OlJTS tyw OlJTS Kavc:(e; orto TOUe; rroovovouc 110U crnv «orrrvooic TWV 'EM~vwv oAal3ocpwvwv Tf]e; MaKsoovlae;. 'Enslo~ 0I1We; 0 ( «ncorto LOt LKon icvoi aUTOUe;
XPlla iuono lOOV we; -avo~ lO Myou- SnLXslPlll1a y lO T~ a l«c loMYIlUIl TWV ~M4Jswv TOUe; KOTO Tiie; lspiie;, tMllv lKOTOTIle; MaKsoovlae; Kal TOO AaoO rnc, 8swPlloa xptoe; [..lOU vo ~pOVTOCPWVO~w I1E cneipo SnLXElPlll10Ta OTl:
1. Aurol clvcu eAclXlOTol.
2. EIva l olYAwooo l.
3. 'Exouv tMllvlK~ e8vlK~ ouveiorjor].
4. 'Eyouv rtpoooepet nope noMo, OE Ouolec o rucroc Kal aywvse; YlO rrtv 'EMooa.
rl' aUTO o i Bouxvcpot KOPlTOT~iiose; TOUe; ~ocpTlaav "ypalK0I10VOUe;"- Kl anOTSAOOOaV TOV cpo~o Kai TOV TPO[..lO TOUC;.
Kal dVQl cnoxurc awOTO aUTO rtou a MaKs06vae; xcSllYllT~e; Kat aKaOll[..la·iKOe;, npOSopoe; Tiie; 'ETa lpc:(ae; MaKSOOVlKWV Lnouowv Kwv. Ba~ouOKOe;, I1lAWVTae; UTO floul1aKsoOVlKO LUVEOPlO Tiie; <DAwplvae; dns YlO TO noaa noMa acpdAoul1E OTOUe; oiYAwoooue;, aAa~ocpwvoue; KQl ~Aaxocpwvoue; Tiie; MaK£oovlae;.
***
Al080vol1al Tilv avoYKIl vo SUXaPlaTf]OW, TOV 010- KSKPlPEVO eSvlKo aYWVlOT~ KaSIlYllTil K. 'AxlMEa /\a~opou YlO T~V noxur um ~O~SSlO TOU Kal TO YlO pOU KwvOTaVTTvo XOAE~a, YlO Tie; SUOTOXSe; nopompnceic TOU, rtou olwKoAuvav nOAu TO ouoKoAO sovo 110u, a' tva TOI1Ea rtou erucrnuov lKO OEV 1100 ~Tav 0 lKEToe;.
***
3 Fotupet Yl' OUTOV 6 /snu. eWXop(G'7~ OTO {3t{3MQ TOU ,,'H MOKt:GOV(O OT[~ cpA6Yt:~", A8fjvOt, 1968, ce): 292: ,,'0 iatpoc; 'Euuavoon): XOT(oyAou, 6 yvwOT6~ asrpouiotric, 6 uttepoyoc; OUTO~ emotruuov, EKpmupyrj8'7 ottiv tlovronepao ui KtAK[C;, flt:TQX8d~ EK ioAoTlOT'7C;"
To eovo aUTO, ~yaAI1Evo ana T~V 4JUX~ 110U sIval f--lia cpwvr'j. ~EV OlEKOlK8l lOTOplKEe; OOcpVEe;, WOTOUO dVQl cnoxurc TSKl1llPlWI1EVO, I1E aOlOOElOTSe; aMSSlSe;_ LTllPl~STQl aE I1SyoAO I1EpOe; aE Kdl1sva ElOlKWV, TO ortolc napaSETw
A lOSoVOl1a l I1SyoAll ayyaA(aoll y urn eKnAllPWVW TO xpEOe; 110U_
'Oe; npoc TO ~ l~AlO, eAni~w OE «rno LOUe; vo cpavsT Xpr'jOlpO. "EOTw Kal YlO rriv LKavonoillall Tiie; ovvotcc YlO tva koxooctclo t8VlKO SEpa.
LEmEI1~p ioc 1991, 1w<'ivvflC; K. XoAtl3ac;
20
21
n=oxoror THr 3'1C; EKllOrHr
Ala80vo~al Xapo Kal urrconqxivsio YlOTl TC) epvo ~OU aUTO slXS ~SYOA'l KUKAO(j)opla Kal aof3aprl onrlX'la'l 'EAnl~W em Tl ClnrlX'la'l aUTrl 80 auvsXla8t:T KOl OTO ~tAAOV, YlOTl, onosxcicruco KlV'lTPO Tile; auyypo(j)ile; TOU, ~TOV 0 qxor iouoc TOU ~SYOAOU t8VlKOU 8t~OToe; rtou Atynol "MOKSOOVlKO" at OASe; Tle; muxtc; TOU, nou slVO t:
0'. . 0 TOV iouoc; Tile; 0.0 lO~(j) laf3rlT'lT'le; SAA'lV lKOT'lTOe; (~t 0.0 lOAAS urrn auvtxs La) Tile; MOKSOOVtOe; ucc ana rnv o.PXO lOT'lTO ~txP l onuspo.
f3'. . H 0 laAuall TOU KOAAlSPYOU~svou ana ro LKOnLO "llu8ou" Yla oil8sv "ucxeoovuco t8voe;" KOt Yla unap~ll ,,"1l0KsoovlKile; IlSl0VOTllTOe;" ueoc ern MOKSOOVtO ~oe;,
y' 'H ernorjuovon TWV (j)aaswv ana Tle; onotsc rtepcoe Tl npocncueto TWV tx8pwv (Bouxvcptov ~tXPl TO 1944, aKOn lOVWV ana TO 1944 KOt uerc) vo a(j)sAAllvlaouv KOt vo apna~ouv Trl MOKSOOVlO Iloe;.
0'. 'H npof3oArl Tile; all~oVTlKile; Opaalle; TWV, Ilt SAAllVlKrl ouveionon. aAof30(j)WVWV Tile; MOKSOOVtOe;, ana rnv ouo lOOTlKrl tvap~ll TOU "MOKSOOVlKOU 'Aywvo" OTa TtAll TOU 190u OlWVO -rtpiv a(j)unvL08s1 TO eniorjuo «poroc Kat cvr rueromicet ~t aof3apoTllTO TO ~syaAo KlVOUVO rtou andAllas Trl MOKSOOVla ucc- a' OAll Trl 0 lapKS la TOU KOt OTOUe; KOTOnL vouc t8v lKOUe; aywvse; KOl
e'. 'H anoosl~ll Tile; tOToplKile; aM8sl0e; OTl, oriuepo, o i tAAllvse; aA0f30(j)WVOl Tile; MOKSOOVlOC;, 1) S[VOl tAaXlOTol, 2) S[VOl OlYAwaaol ~t KUPlO YAWaaO rriv SAAllvlKrl KOl, 3) OTrl ~tYlOTll nxciovorrrrd TOUe; slVOl KOAOt i::AAllvse; noAITSe; ~t cvorm OTrlV rtorpioo TOUe;.
***
'Ana Trl ouvvpnrpf TOU rtcpovroc epvou (1989-90) ~tXPl orjuepo (1997) txouv au~f3s1 OPla~tVO ysyovoTa, rc ortclc 9tv unopoiiue vo nopof3AtLjJou~s. To nLO all 110- VTlKa eivo i:
1. 'Ano ~lO oAlyapl8~1l o~aoo nou s~unllpnsl ro aU~(j)tpOVTO KOt ric; SnLOlW~Ue; TWV LKonlwv. txu aUOTO-
23
8ET evo "nOAlTlKO KlVIlj.10" j.1E TlTAO "Oupdvio To~o", TO 0- nolo o.YWVl~ETOl vc rtopoucrooet OTt, oro xwpo Tfje; tMllvlKfje; MOKEOOVlOe;, unapXEl ofj8EV j.1l0 "j.10KEOOVlKl'] (OKOrucvn) I-lE lOVOTllTO" rtou Epya~ETo l y rri rnv rtpovurmoon TWV oxoruovev moxwv, oi orto io t dVOl -omoc PllTa avoepEPETOl- Ti "OAOKAl']PWOIl Tfje; MOKEOOVtOe;"(!), °llAool'], Ti crtoOXloll Tfje; tMllvlKfje; MOKEOOVtOe; orto TOV E8vlKO KOPj.10 KOt Ti eVTo~l'] Tile; oro oxornovo xprrroql
Tte; npovucr lKEe; TOU np08EOE le; TO "oupov lO TO~O" Tte; anOKOAumEl ornv "nOAlTlKl'] Em8EWPllOll" j.1E TtTAO "Zopo" (Auyl']) rtou EKOtOE l. LTO opvcvo OUTO rtou KUKAoepopET aKwAuTO KOt npOKAIlTlKOTOTO 0' OAIl Tr'] xwpo, EKTOe; TOU OTt ovcrrruooovrm o i 8EOEle; TOU "Klvl']I-lOTOe;" ("ElVOl noAlTlKO KtVlll-lO TWV j.10KEOOVWV(;) rtou ~ouv ornv EMIlVlKrl enucoorsic ... " K.An.) npoo~aMoVTol KOt K08u~pt~OVTOl ro tEpa KOt rd 00 to TOU e8voue; KOt TWV EMrlVWV (rtpovuoTtKWV) MOKEOOVWV (MOKEOOVlKOe; 'Aywvoe;, nOUAOe; MEAOe;, "lev LlpoYOUj.111e;, IEpj.10VOe; Kopo~OYYEAlle;, Kwv. Kopo~irnc; K.o.n.), EVW E~OtpOVTO l ro epyo Koi 0 t Tij.1EpEe; TWV 00- AOCPOVWV TOO j.10KEOOVlKOO AOOU apXlKOj.1lTOT~rlOWV, ornoc; o i IKOTOE NTEATOEep, TOVTOP 'I~avoep TOOTOKO~, Artoorox nETKO~, TEP~tECf> K.O).
To EUTUXllj.10 £lVOl OTt TO "KtVIlj.10" OUTO, TO ortolo npOOOOKOUOE vc rtcpnoupei TOUe; eMllVEe; OtYAwaaoUe;aAo~ocpWVoue; Tfje; MOKEOOvioe;, eOEl~E Tr'] YUI-lv lO TOU Koi rrtv dvurrupkrn anrlXIlOll rtou eXE l oro j.10KEOOV lKO AOO. nfjpE uspoc crtc EUPWEKAOYEe; TOU 1994 Koi IlE 0 laepopo anOTTjAa ouverurcro Koi uecc, aUYKEVTpwaE a' ~All rnv 'EMaoo (1l0~l IlE op iouevec uouoouxucv lKEe; ljJl']epoue; oTT'] 8paKIl) rtepirtou 7.000 ljJl']cpoue;. 'ApYOTEPO, OTOV ~WKEnaa81lKE KOl eYlvov aVTlAllmEe; of npOOOTtKEe;, av8EMllVlKEe; KOl aVTlilOKEoovlKEe; TOU EmOl(l>~Ele;, eric ~OUACUTtKEe; £KAOYEe; Tfje; 22-9-96, mie; one lEe; nfjpE uspoc oi: ouunpO~ll IlE rnv OAKKE ( opyavwOll y la rnv aVOOUYKPOTllOll TOO KKE), nriocv 1l0~l ouvoxucd 3.485 ljJrlepoue; a' OAIl Tl'] xwpo (cno Tie; enoree TO OAKKE OlEKOlKEITOIlEYOAUTEPO IlEplolo).
"Erct, Ti npoonrias.o £~onaTllalle;, Toao TOU tMIlVlKOU AOOU, ceo KOl TWV ~evwv, we; npoc rnv unop~1l Ofj8Ev "rtoxucp l81l1le; j.10KEOOV lKfje; (oxon lovfje;) IlE lOVOTTjTOe;" orriv 'EMIlVlKrl MOKEoovio enwE oro KEVO, Ti YUI-lVlO TOO "Oupdvtou To~ou" anoOElx81lKE neprrpcvc KOl of AtYOl eMIlVEe; olYAwaaol-aAo~oepwvol Tfje; MOKEoovloe;, eOEl~ov rtpoc OAEe; Tie; nAcupEe; rnv rtpovucr lKrl TOUe; E8v lKrl ouveiollall·
2. LTie; 13-9-95, IlETO~U TOU TOTE eMllvo urt. E~. Kop.
Flcrtouxto Koi TOU oxoruuvou LT. TaEp~EVKoepaKl unovooCPIlKE Ti n ' Evo «iueon LUllepWVtO 'A8IlvwV-LKon(wv" (Tr']v 0- rtoio rtcpouo uioous KOt OXOAlaOOj.1E EKTEVWe; oro OIlOTlTAO ~l~A(O rtou KUKAoepoPllaE TO NOEI-l~PlO 1995 cno Tl<; , EK06aEle; 'Tlsxoovoc", TOU 'ko. Frcvvcxevn). 'H LUIlCPWV(O ouTr'] pU81ll~E opiouevc 8£IlOTO OlKOVOlllKWV, KUp(We;, OX£aEWV, EVW oepllaE aE £KKPEIlOTTjTO TO 8EIl0 Tfje; oplmlKfje; ovouoofcc TOU oxornovoii KPOTlOlOU oro ortolo a OHE eowaE rrtv rtpoctoptvn ovoucoto <t>YPOM - Foreign Yugoslavic Republic Of Macedonia: npwllv YlouYKoaAO~lKrl 01lj.10KPOTlO Tile; MOKEOOVlOe; (nILlM). E~aMou, 11£ ro KEva nou nopouciocet, nopEXEl Tr'] OUVOTOTTjTO oro kpdroc TWV LKonlWV vo civomu~El "aAUTpWTlKEe;" KOl "£nEKTOTlKEe;" rccere OE ~apoe; uoc;
'Eve Xpovo IlETa Tf]v urtovpotpri Tfje; Evo. LUj.1epWVlOe; - Ti ortoic Mv KUpw81lKE 11£ TumKO VOIlO, onwe; npo~MnEl TO op. 36 nop. 2 TOU LUVTaYIlOTOe; 1975/86 npoxs lllEVOU Y la ouv8fjKEe; rtou ooopolrv 0 tKOVOj.1 lKrl ouvepvcoto - TO j.1£V OVOiJO napOj.1EVEl j.1ET£WPO (£VW Ti XPl']Oll TOU OVOIlOTOe; "MOKEOOVlO" Y «i TO XOpOKTTjP iouo TOU oxort lOVOO xpcTOUe; £nEKTElVETO l 0 lE8vwe;, 0 lKO lWVOVTOe; Tle; rtpooooxiec KOl Tle; np08£aE le; TWV oxornovev), Ti OE tMIlV lKrl rtxsupo (aK0I-l0 KOl Ti·· . ernon Illl) CPOlVETOl £VOXAIlj.1EVIl orro noMEe; OPOOTTjP lOTTjTEe; TWV oxorucvev. (L Tr'] IlE80p lOKrl 0 la~oOll Tfje; NlKIle; 0 i oxort lOVOl Ton08ETllaOV repcor lO xapTTj nou rtsp lAoll~avE l oro KPOTlO io TOUe; rrsp LOXrl IlEXP l TO A [YOLo).
<t>0~OUIlE80 OTt, Ti nAIlYrl nou eXEl npoKAIl8£T, 8a ~o- 80lVEl j.1E TO XPOVO KOl 80 KOKOCPOpj.1l~El, o i M oxoruovoi
24
25
80 en lOtOOvTO l OTrlV npooep lAfj TOUC; "Ot..UTPWTlKrl" opeOTf)P lOTf)TO KOl nponovovoo . AMwOT£. ana rnv rtporm OT lYl-lrl TfjC; unoypocpfic; TfjC; OUl-lepWVlOC;. 0 OKOntOVOC; nposoooc K. IKAlYKopwep Orlt..wo£ I-I£TO~U aMwV OTl "oco» aepopo. crri uoxsoov lKrll..1£ lOVOTf)TO ornv EMaoo, aep£VOC; I-I£V I..1vf)I-I0V£UOVTOL OTrl OUl..1epWVtO oA£C; o i oL£8v£Le; OUI..1- ~aO£LC; nou K080pt~OUV TO OLKOLWI-IOTO TWV I..1£LOVOTrlTWV KOt aep' £T£POU, TO cp. 49 TOU LUVTaYIJOTOe; 1..10e; nop0I..1£V£L aVOMOlWTO".
(Enueiuion: T6 ap. 49 TOO okotuavou Euvtavuatoc o.VOCP£P£TOI OTr]V imoypeoxm TOO «patouc vd ''j..1£Plf..1VO Yla T6 KoB£OTWC; KOI Ta OIKOIWf..10TO f..1£AWv TOO f..10K£OOVIKOO AooO OTIC; Y£ITOVIK£C; XWP£C;"- OT)A. OTr]V EMaoo. EWI 01- o IWVI(£TO I 0 ''QAUTPWTI0f..16C;'' TWV OKOntOVWV KOI 17 epYWOT)C; KOIo.YWVIWOT)C; nooonaeeio TOUC; KOTOOKCUf]C; avunaprmc ''j..10K£OOVIKf]C; f..1£/oV6TT)TOC;" OTr]V EMT)VIKr] MOK£OOV(O!!).
L1UOTuxwe;, rl OLKOlWarll-l0e; unfip~£..nOVf)yupLKrl. LTrl ouveoptcon Tfic; BOUAfie; OTte; 31-1-97 0 vn E= 0 nayKOAOC; KOTrlYY£LA£ we; "£T£po~opfl" (urteo TWV LKonlwv) rnv EVOLal-l£Of) LUl-lepWVtO, anOKf)PUOaOVTae; rnv KOt rtpors L V£ -1..1£ ouuqxovn YVWI-lf) KOt ~OUAWTWV Tfje; N.L1.- OUVS£Tf) ovouooio anoo£KTrl ana rnv EMaoo II
3. LTO ncpov epyo, cvcoeoouo L OTOUe; aAo~ocpwvoue; £Mf)V£e; Tfje; MOK£OOVtOe;, 0 t orto LO L, ox L I..10VO o£v £no L~OV npOOOTlKO POAO ce ~apoe; Tfie; ncrpiocc TOUe; (oc:v cvcovl08f)KOV Of)AOOrl y La rriv nopcooon liie; MOK£OOVlOe; 1..10e; OTOUe; ~OUAyapoue; nOALOT£PO KOt OTOUe; aKOntOVOUe; I..1£Ta TO 1944 rl YLa TrlV OUTOV0I..1f)arl Tf)e; WOT£ va KOTOOT£L £UKOAf) A£LO Y La TOUe; £ntOLWKOVT£e; rnv apnOYrl Tf)e;) , aMa. aVTtS£TO. nfjpov £v£pyo uepoc KOt rtpootpepov KOt Trl ~wrl TOUe; aKOI-IO y la vc ueive l rl MOK£OOVlO EMf)V LKrl.
euo L Ka 000 vpdoovrc L EOW o£V aVOepc:pOVTO L a' EK£LVOUe; nou eYKOT£A£ LljJOV rnv 'EMaoo, y LOTt OUTO TOUe; en£~OA£ rl I-Irl EMf)V lKrl TOUe; OUV£LOf)Of), nOALOT£PO l..1£Ta Trl LUv8rlKf) TOU N£lyu (1919) KOt ruo npocqxrro I..1£Ta TrlV an£Aw8£pwof) Tfje; xwpoe; orro rnv TPLnAfi KOTOXrl (1944) KOl uero rrjv VlKf) 1:0U . E8vlKOU ITpOToU OTOV El..1epUALO 1946-49 Oi T£A£UTOToL l-IaAlOTO OUV£lOf)Ta an£~OAOV rnv
Unf)KOOTf)TO TOUe;. 0rlAWOOV OTl £xouv "OAO~lKrl OUV£lOf)on". aMO~OV KOt TO EnWVUI..10 TOUe; KOl nPWTOOTOTf)aov ern Of) 1-1 LOUPYlO TOU TlTOlKOU OKOntOVOU KOTOOKWOal-l0Toe;.
T cope T£t..WTO To. EVW ElXOV OlOOf)Awa£ l npoc KaS£ KOT£USUVOf) OTl en rOuuouoov vo OlOKOljJouv Ka8£ 0£01..10 1..1£ rnv EMf)V lKrl MOK£OOVtO -KOl TrlvEMooo. y£v LKOT£POO£lXVOUV rnv urrorrrn OLa8£Of) vo enOVC:ASoUV KOt l..1aALOTO 1..10~LKa CJTTl Xwpo nou anOPVi]Sf)KOV 1-1£ TOV npoocvn OKOno -oruoc opSa cveoepe yVWOToe; eMf)VOe; nOAlTlKOe;- "vo OUYKPOTrlOOUV oxoruovn ofiS£v I..10K£OOVtKrl 1..1£ LOVOTf)TO" , acpou 0 i I..1£XP L TWPO OX£T L K£e; oxoruovec rtoooncue L £e; o£V ecp£pov anOT£A£01..10
L1uOTuxwe; evS£Pl..1o L ouvnvopo L KOl unocrnp L KT£e; TOU OOAtOU OUTOU 0 rrnpcroc TWV "OAO~01..10K£OOVWV" -ortox; TOUe; ~aepTlaOV- epaVf)KOV KOt nat.. LOt rtcpcvovrsc TOU KKE. XWple; vc 0 LOOXSOUV TtnOT£ ana TO aepaAI..1OTa TOUe;, XWpte; lXVOe; TUljJf)e; y La 000 OL£npo~ov ci: ~apoe; Tfie; 'EAAaooe;, aMa KOt nopO~OtVOVTOe; 000 y La "Arl8f) TOU nop£ASOVTOe;" 0 ieruuncv L~OV, npo~ot..ov TO S£1..10 OUTO KOTa TOV EOpTOal-lO TWV 50 Xpovwv orro rnv iopuon TOU "L1f)1-I0- KPOTlKOU LTPOTOU Tfie; 'EMaOoe;" -L1LE. I..1rl Af)01..10VWVTOe; OTl OLJTOt 0 t "aAO~OI-lOK£OOV£e;" npootpepcv nOAUTlI..1£e; urtnpeoiec O'OUTOV (0£AOUI-I£ vo E,ipoul..1£ no La 80 ElVO l rl aVTtOPOOf) TOU KKE. cv TO 1999 Y LOPTOOS£T -ornoc So rtpenet- rl VtKf) TOU ESvlKou LTPOTOU nou ecoce rnv 'EMaoo ana rnv £VTO~rl rnc; OTOV rtcpooe reo TOU 'TloponercoucTOe;" , TOV orto io. OAOl ooo i TOV e~f)aov. TOV aV08£I..1OTl~OUv).
Ita TO S£1..10 OUTO. nOAu a~lOAOYO KOt XOPOKTf)PLOTLKO ~ptOKOUI..1£ TO nOPOKaTW OXOAlO TOU "OlKOV0l..1lKOU ToXUOp0I..10U" Tfje; 28-11-96, TO ono LO KOt aVOOf)I-IOa L£UOUI-I£:
"'10 LOtT£Pf) ~TOV rl rtpootpooc TWV aAo~ol-loK£06vwv OTOV EntKO aywvo TOU L1f)1..10KPOTLKOU LTPOTOU 'EMaOOe;" Eln£ 0 enrr iuoc rtpocopoc TOU KKE K. XOptAOOe; <PAWpaKf)e; oe npooqxrrn Ol..1lAtO TOU ("NEA", 4-11-96). Kot noxu epua LOAOY LKa, orpou 0 cruxoc; aywvoe; TOl! L1LE an£~A£n£ ouv TOLe; aMO «; KOt OTrlV onoortoon Tfje; MOK£OOvtOe; KOl
27
orriv aVOOE:l~ll Tile; ce aVE:~OpTllTll AOlKll OlllJOKPOTto uno TllV o ivioo Tile; Mooxoe;.
'AKplf3we; Yl' OUTO KOt Ii £MllVlKll noxrrsfc ortovopeuOE: TOV £novonoTplOIJO TWV OA0f30IJOKE:OOVWV OTOV liTTllSeVTE:e; TO 1949 KOTecpuyov orri f LOUYKOOAOf3tO TOU orpcTOPXll Tiro, 0 ortoloc rtporroordrnos mJl 0lllJlOuPytO Tile; 1'.1lIJOKpOTtOe; Tile; MOKE:OOVtOe;.
Tcopc a K. cPAWpOKlle; unoOTllPt~E:l on "Ii KUf3epvllOll OCPc:lAEl vc KOTOPY1l0El 8K£ivll rrtv anopooEKTll OlOTO~1l rtou ortovopeuet TOV ertovcnorp lOIJO TOUe;".
'H lJE:yoAIl liAlKtO TOUe;, Ii vooroxvto TOUe; Y lO Tf] vsveretpo KOt Ii avoYKll MSlle; So ouvnvopoiiouv urtep Tile; EIOllY1l0EWe; cPAWpoKll, o.v oIJWe; avoyvwpl~OV on npoYIJOTl eKovov MSoe; oUlJnpOTIOVTOe; crriv npoonuasto anoOXl- 0lle; Tile; 'EMllV lKile; MOKEOOVtOe; Y lO VO 8vTOXSc:T oe 1J(0 LA0f301J0KEOOV(O uno KOlJlJOUVlmlKo EAEYXO .. AMlWe; Ii srtdvoooc TOUe; orriv . EMOOO So aKoAouSllSET ana 8K- 0llAWOll aAuTpwTlKWV oloSeoEwv nOll lJe Tf] f301lSElO TWV moSEpo aOlopSwTWV KOlJlJOUVlmwv 1J0e; So 0lllJlOUPYlloouv T(e; npourtoueoeic veoe; KlVll0E:We; YlO rnv OlJTOVO- 1J1l0ll Tile; MOKE:OOV(Oe;. AlJTO aKplf3we; rtou 8nLOlWKEl KO( Ii rtpconv fLOuYKooAof3lKlll'.IlIJOKPOT(o Tile; MOKEOOV(Oe; 8nLlJeVOVTOe; nE:lOIJOTlKO oro QVOIJO MOKEOOV(O.
Ero t oev dVOl;".
4. nOMee; £Ivol o i 8vo£il;E:le; rtou rtpoepxovrtn ono TO OlESvil Xwpo, o i ortolcc nE(Souv OTl we; rtpoc TO IJEYOAO SelJO Tile; MOKEOOVtOe; -onox; KO( Y lO OAO TO 8SV lKO 1J0e; SeIJOTO- O£V rtpertet VO 8CPllOUXO~OUIJE, aMO, OVT(SETO, So ripener VO f3p lOKOIJOmE os OUVEXll ertovpurtvnon KO( 8- vpnvoporj.
'EKToe; ana TO ovioroprrro, aVOnOOElKTO KOl af300l1J0 8nLX£iPll1J0 Y io oilSE:v "IJOKEOOV lKll IJE: lOVOTllTO" rtou enoVOAOIJf30VE:TO lana op lOlJeVOUe; unorrrouc KllKAOUe; OlJTOKAllTWV OlE:SVWV 0pYOVlOIJWV "rtpoornofuc TWV avSpwnlvwv OlKOlWIJOTWV", 000 KOl orto TO LTOlllT NnnopTIJEVT oe 8KSeoEle; TOU, KOSE: TOOO 8IJCPOVl~OVTOl KOl EKTOKTO oro tXETo rtou cnortveouv avSEMllVlOIJO KOt unoxpurrrouv 8nL-
28
OlW~Ele; KOt OKOnLIJOTIlTEe; o i ono icc crpeoovrcn KOTO Tile; Xwpoe; uoc.
To TEAE:UTOTo OXEnKO "o£TYlJo" (xci "oilYlJo") rtpoepyeTO l orto IJtO ' En rrporm rtou oumoSllKE lJe npwTof3oUA.tO TOU yvwmou alJEplKOVlKOU "Tvrrr rrourou KOPVEYKl", OE OUVEPYOOlO lJe elMo nop£IJCPEPil tOPlllJOTO epsuviov (" Aonev, KeplJnEp, POlJnEPT Mopoe; K.el.) KOt TESllKE uno rriv rtpoeopio TOU rtpconv npwSunoupyou TOU BEAYlOU /\. TlTV£IJOVe;. 'H tv Myw -aopo aIJElcpSE:Too- 'Enrrporm ouveTO~E KOl 0IlIJOOLOnOllloE ere TEAll 'OKTWf3PlOU '96 IJlO "EKSEOll Y lO TO BohoVlO lJe TlTAO "'HlJlTEAlle; E ipnvn".
LTf]V "EKSEOll O£V nopoxefrtsrcu ovooopd KOt orn xwpo 1J0e; KOt ortc OXEOEle; TIle; IJE TO LKOnLO KOt oruieuoverot on Ii cPupOIJ "KOTOYPOCPIlKE orrj 0 u~Svil KO l VOTllTO we; MoKEOOvtO KOt ETa l ovolJo~no l ce OAO TO 0 lESVll OUVEOP lO, rtoveruorruno K.A.n.". Ernonc urtoorrjpfcerc t 0 lJuSOe; YlO "OA0!30IJOKEOOV lKll IJE lOVOTllTO" OTll MOKE:OOV(O 1J0e;, Ii 0- nOLO KOTOnLe~ETol! To on Ii "EKSEOll OlJTll XElpOKpOTllS11KE ana TOV yvwmo avSEMllvO KOlVOTlKO 'Ertrrporto Bov vrep Mrtpouk, on we; KOl ana elMOUe; ... "cptAOUe;" Tile; xwpoe; 1J0e; oro OlESvil xwpo, apK£l YlO vo XOPOKTllPlOEl TO nsp lEXOIJEVO TIle; -TO orro To EUAOYO KOl OtKO io SEWP1l811KE ana Tf]V £Mllv lKll Kuf3epvlloll we; KOKon tore.
To IJOVO rtou urtopeoe vo nEL·Ylo XOPll 1J0e; 0 K.
Tlvreucvc OE 0IlAWOEle; TOU ~TOV:
"'AOcpOAWe; YVWPl~W or l Ii XPllOll TOU opou MOKEOOVtO £IVOl EVO noxu EUOtOSllTO OllIJETo YlO TOlle; 'EMllvEe;. 'lowe; So enpc:nE vc c:lXOIJE Mf3E l nep lOOOTEPO unOljJll 1J0e;, ouTf] Tf]v EUO lOSIlOtO ... ". EUTUXWe; rtou TO nopoO£xSllKE!
(LlllJ. 'J\POYE nwe; So o iofkivorov 0 K. TlVTEIJOVe; av lJio OlE8vllC; , Enrrportri aoxoAouVTOV lJe TOV "OKOTWIJO" rtou rtopurnpelrc l orri xwpo TOU IJno~ll CPAOIJOVOWV rtou onoTEAOUV TO 55% TOU nAllSuolJOU KOt IJlAoDv CPAOIJOVOlKO -OXEoovaMovolKO- KOt f3oMovwv rtou anOTEAOUV TO 33% KOl IJ lA.oDv YOMlKO, KOt 0 I 0 lOcpOpEe; ecpSooov oe 0IlIJETo WOTE: Ii xwpo vo OlOlPESET oe Mo aMllAOlJlOOUIJEVO IJEPIl;).
29
~£V npOK£lTO l 0I-lWe; I-IOVO Y ro 8£1-10 E:8v lKile; cue lo81lalae; ElVOl KOl 8£1-10 imoplKile; oKpi~£lOe; KOl a"rl8£lOe; nou cnooe lKVU£ l ortoxuro TC)V coerep lOI-iO TOU OVOI-iOTOe; Tile; MOK£OOVlOe; AlJTrl rnv aArl8£lO 80 ertpsrte vo O£~OVTO l rtcp LOOOT£PO 0 i Ola<.pOPO l OUTOK"IlTO l ol£8v£ Ie; "E:pWVIlT£e;" nou XOVOUV TO KUpOe; KOl Trl OO~OPOTIlTa TOUe; I-I£T0[3oM0I-I£VO l O£ exert icvo OPYOVO KOl oepeqxovo
IlO TrlV npooon lOll OLJTile; Tile; OArl8£ icc; npoc K08£ KOT£u8uvor] unoypOl-il-ll~OUI-I£ rnv OVOYKIl Tile; sncvounvnone; KOl Tile; E:YPrlyopor]e;.
lcvouop LOe; 1997
lw6vv~~ K.XoAtPa~
30
EIIArnrH
a: H MAKE~ONIA
H MAKE60NIA EINAI n=onveno
Nol, rl MOK£OOVlO £lVOl TO rtportupvro TOU 'EMr]Vl- 01-100 KOl 0Xl I-I0VO XT£e; (oro rtpootpcro nop£A80v) il onuepc, aMa ana TO [308r] TWV a lWVWV KOl moue; a lWV£e; ...
To OlOTunwo£ OUOlOmlKa, E:nlYP0I-II-IOTlKa KOl ~£Ka80po a nOAU~lOe;, ri OTlI-I0lV£l Yla rriv 'EMaOo KOt TOUe; 'EMIlV£e; rl MOK£OOVlO KOt 0 [ MOK£OOVc:e;:
"Tivoc Kat' n17At'K17e; C5E;ITIIlF]e; a~LOOO-eal MaKE:OaVae;, or TaV nAdw TOO Biou ypovov oo naUOVTOI o laywv I (ailE: vo I ttpoc TOUe; {3ap{3opoue; uttep TF]e; TWV 'EMr]vwv aoipasciac; OTI yap aeinor' dv £V uevaso«; ~v KIVOUVOle; TO KaTO TOUe; 'EM17vae;, E:{ Ilr] MaKE:OaVae; E:iXOIlE:V npotppavua ... ". (nOAU~lOU Historiae-cxo Leipzig 1893, ~l[3A. 9, 34,1).
(no io KOl noaa l-I£yaAll Tll-lrl nperte l vo anOV£I-I£TO l moue; MOKC:OOVc:e;, 0 [ orto To l oro I-I£YOAUT£PO xpOVO Tile; ~wiie; TOUe; O£V ncuouv vo aywvl~oVTO l KOTO TWV ~op~apwv Y «i rnv rtpooort lOr] Tile; aO<.poA£lOe; TWV 'EMrlvwv; IlOTl TO 000 coooouv moue; 'EMIlVc:e; 80 ~TOV naVTO nOAu en ucivouvo av oev £i'xol-IC: oov np0I-I0XWVo TOUe; MOKc:i56Vc:e;). ~r]A 'H 'EMaoo 80 [3p lOKOTOV ncvro O£ KlVOUVO, cv oev rriv rtpotpuxovov (otv cnorexouoov <.ppoYI-I0 moue; E:XOpouc) 0 [ MOK£i56v£e;. KOl n io anA6: EUTUXWe; rtou EXOUI-I£ we; nponupvio KOl np0I-l0XWVo TOUe; MOK£OOV£e; Kl ETOl E:AOTTWVOVTO l 0 i KlVOUVO l nou K08£ <.popa one lAOOV TOUe; 'EMr]vc:e;.
31
H MAKEfl.ONIA ~HMAINEI fl.IAfl.O~H TH~ EMHNIKH~ AAAIA~ KAI TOY EMHNIKOY nOAITI~MOV
, nOAU nPiv ana TOUe; "eocuoer lKOUe;" OKOntovoUe;, 0 L ~OUAYOPOl £lXO~ OVOKOAU4J£l OTt a M£yoe; 'AMt;ovopoe; llTOV ... ouurtcrp lWTlle; TOUe;. It npoKr'jput;r'j TOU npoc TO ~?UAYOPlK? mpo:o, ~~V nOA£jJO TOO 1913, a crpcrnvoc Kirkof KOT£AIlY£ we; £t;lle;: "GU/-I'7B£lTe TOV TJPwi'a/-lo TWV npoyo,vWv oac; «ai Trj oo~a TOO M. 'Me~ovopou, TOO /-IeyoXou aUTOO BouyAopou'~. "ETOl VOjJlO£ a oVSpwnoe; OTt So ~nop~Oo£ _ va, <paVQTlO£l TOUe; BOUYAapOUe; mpaTtiiJT£e; £vaVTlOV TWV EMr'jvwv. (To lOta iOXupl~oVTal t;£olaVTPOna o i oxorncvot onuepc Vla vd S£jJ£AlWOOUV TOV riMSlO iOX~PlOjJO Yla Tf]v ,u~apt;ll ofiS£v jJaK£oovlKOO eSvoue; jJ£ olKll TOU, t;£xwPlOTfl toroplo).
rla noiov aLJTa; Fui TO M£ya 'AMt;avopo (nou rtpdrrortporrn Tle; ola4J£Uo£l jJ£ TO IOLO TO OVOjJa TaU nou dval Ka~apa tMllvlKO Kal o£V eX£l KajJjJla OXtOfl jJ£ TOUe; O~C:~OUe;!, TOO ortoiou a cnorrspoc rtpovovoc 'AMt;avopoe; A a <plA£Mllv (498-454 n.X.) TO 479 n.X. jJnfiK£ KPU<pa oro ~PQTO~£OO T~V ',ASllvalWv ork; nAOTa l£e; y la vd TOUe; a~OKa~U4J£l rc OX£Ota TWV n£pOWV Kal va TOUe; xaplO£l Tf] Vl,Kll ~£Y0v-r.ae;, KQTa TOV 'HPOOOTO "AUTOe; ve yap "EMil V T~ y~v0,c: £ljJl ~w~xal~v ~al OVT' tA£u_S£PllV, o£ooUA£jJ£VllV OU~ ~S£A~ljJl ,opav _Tfl~ EA_Aaoa" (£ljJal "EMllvae;, OVr'jKW O:0,a_exa,LO y£vo~ TWV EMllvWV Kal Yl' aUTO O£V So ~S£Aa ~a lOW ~V, EMaoa KOTaKTfljJ£vll OVTl vui £A£US£Pll). '0 lOlOe; oav 'EMllvae; nfiP£ jJ£poe; TO 476 n.X. moue; 'OAUjJrnoxouc 'Aywv£e;, moue; onoiouc uovov "EMllV£e; Ena rpvav uepoc.
'0 M£yae; 'AMt;avopoe; jJ£ opvovo Tr'jV "tMllvlKr'j AaA~a" jJ£T£<p£P£ TOV tMllVlKO noxmcuo mel ~aSll Tf)e; 'Aoinq.
M£ Tf]v "tMllvlKr'j AaAla", onwe; rrrxoooostrm Kal TO rtoirjuo TaU M£E,avop l VOU no lllTf] K. Ka~a<Pll:
" ... K! an' tnv Bau/-Ioata noveMrjvlav eeotpateia
---_._---_._--
.. BA. Colocottonis, "La Macedoineet l ' Hellenisme». Paris, 1919, 0.529.
32
tnv virnipopa, tnv ttepisaunon,
'ttiv nepIAoAw'7, Trj oo~oa/-liv'7 <,
we; aM'7 oi oO~OaB'7Ke Ka/-lIO,
rnv anap0/-l/-lIA'7: (3YrlKa/-l' euetc; tM'7VIKOe; «atvouovioc «oouoc; uevoc. Euetc; of 'AAe~ovopee;, of :4VTloxee;,
of LeAeOKee; Kl of noAUOpIB/-IOI
E:n{AOmQI 'EM'7vee;, Atvinttou «a! Zupiac;
Kl of E:V M'7o{a Kl of tv Fteooio; Kl QaOI aMol. Mi Tie; erietouevt»; en IKpOTe tee;
/-Ii tnv nOIK(A'7 opacn TWV otoyaotinov ttpooapuovtov «ai mv KOIVrlV 'EM'7VIKrj /laAlo
we; ueaa ottiv BaKTp iavti Trjv tuivaue, we; TOUe; lvoouc".
~THN MAKEfl.ONIA HTAN H KATOIKIA TON MV01KnN 0EON TON APXAION EMHNON
I:::..£v dvat TuxalO TO y£yovoe; OTt 01 rtpovovoi uoc, rtpiv anoKaAu<pS£l a svae; Kat OAllSlVOe; 8£0e;, ern MaK£oovla -crov "OAUjJno wp iocv Tf]v KOTO lKla TWV 12 jJUSlKWV 8£wv TOUe;.
... LTOV 'OAu/-Ino, otnv aaeiotn TWV aBaVOTWV iopa. L1iv tnv TIVO(OUV aveuoi, uttrc (3poxie; TrlV Oipvouv. MfJTe XLOVIO o uubve: auTOO, /-IOV' oneion yaArlv'7. AvicpeA'7 Kat' AeUKo cpwe; GAoOBe elva I XU/-livo.
Eeet oi uavapec; Bea{ tepttovto I orov 0 {WVO ... ('O)1r'jpou 'OOUOOf: 10, Z, 41-46, )1f:TOCPPOOT] ·IOK. nOAUAa).
Tov "OAUjJno jJVlljJOV£UOuv ernxot rtomrec (Hotoooc), 'rpcv ucoi (AlOXUAOe;, Lo<pOKAfie;), tnt KOAUP ucoi (nlvoapOe;), <p tAOOO<pO l (nAClTWV) K.O. 'An' aLJTOV tt;atp£To l KoMlT£xv£e; EjJnv£uoSllKav et;oxa epvo, on we; a <t>ElOtae; TOV 'OAUurt lO I:::..ia. 'Ana TOV "Oxuurto KOTaYOTQV a 'Oprpecc, a 80- uuptc, a EUjJoAnOe; K.Q. SEpanOVT£e; TWV Mouowv Kl £K£f <PaVllKaV a L n l£pio£e; jJOUOEe; rtou jJ£T£<p£pav Tf] AOTpda TOU I:::..io OTOV 'EAlKwva. LTr'jV n lepta, Et;aMou, oric unwpe lEe; TOU 'Oxuunou, ~p lOKOTOV ri nOAll I:::..tOV, nou oneT£AEO£ anOUOOlO K£VTPO Tfie; AOTpdae; TOO 'OAUjJntOU I:::..tO OTOUe; jJaK£OOV lKOUe; Kat pWjJalKOUe; xpOVOue;.
33
"OA.a curd odxvouv on rl MaK£oovla 0Xl 1l0VO ~Tav ~V~ ovano~aOTO xouurrn TOU tMllVlKOU xwpou, oMo cxouc on rrrcv ~UflwiJevll Kal O£flEVll fle TOUe; 8puA.oue; Kal Tle; ncpcoooc le; Tfie; urtoxo Lnlle; 'EMooae;.
nANn An' OM MAKEaONIA IHMAINEI: EPnTAI
Trl MaK£oovla tljJaA.av Kal uuvnoov noMol no lllTee; flae; fle OA.1l8lVrl A.QTP81a. "EypaljJ£ a KWOTfje; naA.aflae; OTO KOA.OOOLOlO t~lKOA.UPlKO TOU tpyo "'H <pA.oyepa TOO ~aOlA.la" rtou riTQV sunveucuevo crto TOV tlPwa BaOlA.£LO BouA.yapOKTOVO (TOV ruo OTlflaVTlKO aUTOKpOTopa Tfie; ucK£OOV lKfje; ouvaOTdae;), a orto Ioc KQT£VlKllO£ OlO<pOpOUe; £lO~OA.£le;:
... "nepTJcpavitjJou f:lvaTOArj «at (TJAocp90va L1uOT]
Kl tau, KwvamvrlvounoATJ, {3oAe TO YlOPTlVO aou. Fevoc; MaKeOOVLTlKO iputptbve: «ai Kaprr{(el.
BAa(_?Toue; «a! rrapa{3Aoampa E,arrAwvel {3aatAlo&e;
Kl €:ival tnc; xr7pae; TO ttaioi, TO rrpwTO{3Aoampo TOU.
f:I vo{ye 1 «a! 17 Xpuoottopta olorrAaTT] «a! ttpooueve 1 TOUe; {3aalAlO&e;, vo ola{300v J.li tic; xpuaie; «ooevec; 2x(are Trj yf'J «ai ueca TT]e; Kpucp9dTe vrponiaouevoi, Eaparnvoi «a! Nopuavooi «at Bouvsaoo! «ai Pooooi! ... ".
.... " f:lrr' T' f:lpJ.liVlKa {3ouvo «t Iaaue T' aKpoYloAla
Tf']e; ltasiac; TOO nnoe 17 ooE,a T' ovoua «a! Tpixe l,
nsee! rnv auyry ato L1ouva{3TJ «ai naei «a! ttpoc; TO {3poou rrpo{3oAAel KlaKpoAou(eml uec' TO veoa TOO EUCPPOTT] ... ".
... ~'Kl arrov' art' oAa 17 ooE,a TOU ttaei ttpoc Tr] xwpa, ttou €:ivai
TO Ilavvato TO AOYOPl TT]e; Kl elv' 17 Oeacasovim {3aa{Alaao TT]e; Kl 17 'E&aaa uava TT]e;, {3pua0J.l0va
~l etV?l TOO 2Ao{3ou T' ovetpo Ka(TOO PWJ.llOO 17 Aaxropa. :4 rrAwVEm I K I opvtbvera I K 1 av9((E I «ai ttatieta 1
ora ueoa TOO :4AlOKJ.l0Va «ai TOO AE,LOO, ttoil rrdvro ttotauia vtesnttotaua BapooPTJ «a! Btotpitoa
Oi atesouv, oAa E,EXEIAav KI avpieuouve Ka(Tpixouv «at Try cpuAoyouv «ai Try (oOv n7 xwpa, J.lO TOO KOKOU,
34
YIOT( vEpoaupj.1ie; Aawv KI i9vwv KamrroTf]pee;
KuAavE ttavta etiav» TTJe; «oi Tryve rrATJJ.lj.1up({,ouv, nosrtiousvoi, {3op{3apol, rraAlie;, «cuvoupviec; ipopec; «a! TlTTOTivLOl Kl aKouaro( yap yo Kl apyo ola{3a(vouv ... ".
EYvQl £pWTQe;, dval A.QTpda il· MaK£oovla Kl aUTO TO od)(V£l Ka8apo Kl OnOA.UTa OVTLnpOOWnWTlKo il <pwvrlTfie; 8£OOaA.OVlKlae; nOlrlTplae; Novdc KOVTOU -YlO v' OKOUOT£l Kal TO arlll£pa- OTO rtcpcxctto no lrlflO Tlle;:
MAKEl10NlA
L1iaJ.lTJ axrT&e; CPWTElvrj
a Iua 6AoKATJpTJe; Tf']e; xwpae;
aariPl ord aKOTOOla Tf']e; aKAa{3lae; . Oupavia ouvaJ.lTJ, E,avOLYJ.liVOl Op((ovrEe; ...
Xwpa TOO ctJlA{rrrrou, TOO Miya :4AiE,avopou,
Tf]e; 'OAuJ.lmooae;,
rraprraE,E T' a yip I «ai oxoptuoe a' avaToAry «ai oUOT] KATJPOV0j.1l0 TO TpayouOla aou.
MaKEoov(a, 9ueAAee;, «epouvoi yupw aou j.1' aKo(j.1TJTOl ooouooi of 17j.1{9EOI.
2TO 6AoE,av9a j.1aAAlo 20U
orri rrATJywj.1iva aou rroo ta
AouAouola aJ.lopavra 17 EAATJVlKoTT]m.
GpuAoyivVT]TT] J.li tic TOlxoypacp(Ee;, TO tjJTJCPIOWTO . XtAloTpayouoTJj.1iVT] arro TO cpwe;, TOUe; aiovec. Bu{,avrlvrj wpa(a apxovrlaaa, of nsoucioi «aunoi TO faroplKo J.lVT]j.1eTa xpuaocpl, oiouavtoneroo.
To 2Toyelpa, avrlAaAoOv f:lplaroTiATJ, 'H niAAa, 17 ttasatttoa
aoteoia cpwTeLVo aro olo{3a,
oraeuo; amv akoviotnta.
Df MaKeoov(a, yiVVTJj.1a Gewv TOO 'OAuj.1rrou
«a! TWV n lep(owv Mouawv.
L1aoa aoiseom. K l{3wToe; EAATJv iouoc f
35
J3: H MAKEaONIA LTOXOI nOMON ANOMON BAElIJEON
, AUTO, TO xouoo KOl1l1aTl Tiie; £A.A.JlVlKiie; Yiie; ~TaV rtcvrc oroyoc; noMwv cvouov !3MliJc:wv.
-. Or TOUPKOI ~Tav YLa rtevrcxoo io rtspmou xpovLa o i aV?I1? L ~OTaKTT]:ie;, rtou nlv £KI1C:TaMc:u811Kav 0 tKoVOI1LKa ~Ql, rnv anoxwpla811Kav l1i oncoovuo KapOfae;, orcv TOUe; cvcvxccs a' aUTO i] £MllVLKTl MyXll.
- ,Ot BO~AyapoI, l1i T(e; nMTc:e; Tfie; Pwa(ae; apXLKa (oro nAa~a~o TOU, na~aA~!3LmIKou OpaI1OTOe;) Ka( uovoi TOUe; 11c::a, ,IlTav ~UTOL nou Kalpo<puAaKTOUaav vc nlV apna~ouv K~L v_a !3~ouv ,m~ Aivclo, onwe; TO £m8ul1ouaav. "Hrcv au:oI nou ,~C:~lvllaav ~OV,aTlI10, urtouxo Ka( OOAlO KPUCPO KQl qxivspo nOAC:110 Y io rnv KUP Lapx(a crri MaKC:OOVla rtou ~Ol~Lac:, norourc a~I1OToe; moue; 'EMllVc:e; KOTOlKOUe;' rnc. ~c:v ~PKw8~K~V crnv ?pnaYTl, Tfie; 'AVOTOAIKiie; POUI1C:Alae; (Op80TC:PO aVTL PWI1UALae;) nou eKAc:liJav TO 1885. "H8C:Aav vo «rrmmouv OAll nl MaKc:oov(a ucc.
O~ aip!3ol_OIC:KoIKouaav crro naAla nc:pLOxie; crto Tle; Aal1n~oT~pc:~ Tr]e; Bops 100UT IKiie; MaKc:oov(ae; Kal xcrdrpsP9v va ~Le; napouv (Movocrnp I, 'Axploa, nc:pAc:nt, FsuveA~, K~ou~o!3o, LTpWI1VITaa). 'AMa, 0 moxoe; ~mv -Kal Yl' a~TOUe;-.1l 8~aaaAov(KrJ,_ TO A ivcto. 'Ano Tle; nrJyie; npokurrret ?Tl_ TO OXi~IO c:iXC: !3a8C:liS p(~c:e;. LTOV rtpounoAOY iouo rnc; Lc:p!3lae; TOU 1887 c:lXC: £yypacpc: I rncreon 4.000.000 cppay~wv "Yla opa~ mf] MaKc:OovLa". Mi £nlI10- vee ,npo:ma8c: Ic:e; TOUe;, «crooeocv vc !3aAouv noo I oro A I~av L ~\ 8wa?~OVlKlle; (l1i rnv "'EAc:u8C:PrJ Lc:p!3IKTl zo vn ). K~I etvo t eurumuo rtou i] 'EMaoa oiv avaviwac: rri OXC:TlKrJ ouuqxovio
-, ~H Pouuovio (Yla vo I1Tl I1c:lVC:L KL curri e~w cno TO XOpo ,TWV aV?l1w~ KaK08C:AllTwv) 0 IEKO ucoiics Y La Aoyap toouo Tll~ TO a~vOAO TWV (exec lCPVW~ Kal nC:PTlCPavwv) 'EAAllvo!3~axwv Tile; M_aKEOOVlae;, nou eivct OfYAwaaOL, XPllal- 110nolwVTae;, napaMllAa l1i TTlV £MllVIKTl YAwaaa Kal TO !3AaXOCPWVO lOlwl1a.
36
'AKOl1a Kal i] Aucroouvvopto, a£ xcrto ic ocon (1885- 1890) c:lXC: £KollAwaC:1 TTlV OPE~1l Yla Ka8000 oro Aivoto. 11£ moxo TTlV Oscccxovucn.
KOVTa a' OAOUe; aUTOUe; KaL 0 1 OUVLTEe; (£Mr')vOKa80- ALKOL ~ ypalKoKa80AlKol) c:lXav !3MliJELe; Yla nl MaKC:oovic. '0 nonce 11£ K£VTPO nl MovTl Aa~ap Imwv aTO MovaaTT'jPI, £~an£AuaE nOAunAwPll £KmpOTc;(a npoonxur rouoii, urroornp I~OI1c:vll cno acp80vo XpTi uc , 11£ oxorto vc rtcpet 11£ TO l1£pOe; TOU, ceo TO OUVOTO rteptcoorspouc MaKc:06vc:e;.
Kl orro TO 1944 Kal I1£Ta, npo£KU4J£ 0 !3pa)(Vae; nou MYC:TQl "xpdroc; TWV LKonlwv", ~ "'0l1oanov0rJ LOalaAlaTlKTl t::.1l110KpOTla TTie; MaKc:oovlae;", rtou anoT£A£l eva orro rc 6 «perm rtou ouvxporoticov rnv 'Ouoortovon LOalaAlaTlKTl t::.1l110Kpmla TTie;TlOuYKoaAa!3lae; (TTie; ortolcc I1£Ta TO Bdvcro TOU TlTO, 10lalTc:pa ol1w.e; npootporo, rc 8C:I1£Ala KOTaM811Kav Kl aKoAou811a£ i] olaA:uall 11£ KUpLOUe; a~ovee TOUe; :L£p!3oue; KaL TOUe; Koorrrec). M£ TOV rexsurcto aUTO aV0I10, £nloo~o cpnovo, 8a aaxoAll80ul1C: £KTC:v£crepe ncocxono, y lOTL i] Opootrrrrrc KaL i] nooxxrrrucornro TOU ecpma£ oro anpoxwPllTO!
y: A=IOL 0AYMALMOY KAI E=APIHL 0 A0AOI TON EMHNON LAABO<l>ONON THL MAKEaONIAI
LTlI1c:pa l1ae; ocfvero l Y£AO 10, i]Al8l0 Kal TC:Ac;(We; a!3ao uro vo y(VETaL Myoe; orto TOUe; oxornovouc Yla "aAa!3ol1aKC:OOVlKTl" l1C:lOVOTr]Ta orri MaKC:OOVla, YlOTl ~tpOUI1C:
KaAa nwe; 8£l1a T£TO lO aTT'jv ouoio O£V unapxc: l K I £Xc: l OllI1IOUPYIl8c:T orto rnv KaKo!3oUArJ ccvrcotc TWV £l1nV£UaTWV TOU. "Orttoc cvcoepouue KaL anOO£lKVUOUI1C: 11£ aOlaaC:lore mox£Ta nopcxono, oi aAa!3ocpwVOl c:lVQl £AaXlmOI, c:lVaL OLYAwaaOl, exouv aKpalcpvii £MllVlKTl ouveioncn Kl £XOUV rtpootpeps I napa noMa £l1npaKTWe; 11£ 8ualc:e; Kal a1l1a, YLa vc ueivei i] MaK£oovla £MllVIKTl Kl' £A£u8£Pll·
'AMa, Y «i vc KOTaVOTlaOUI1£ TO l1£yc:80e; Kal nl onuoole TOU a8Aou TOUe;, vd I1c;(VOUV "EMllv£e; Kal v' apvll80uv
37
vc 8K~ouAyapl080uv rl sKOAa~1080uv, rroertci vosoc vo jJna<p£p80ujJ£ OTT']v ruo OKOT£ I vr'j rtsptooo Tfie; 'Icropfor; Tfie; MaK£ooviae; (Ka( Tfie; 'EMaoae;, Y£VlKWT£pa), rtou ~Tav TO TiAOe; TOU 190u Ka( 0 i apxie; TOU 200u a lwva.
'H MaK£oov(a ~TQV ~U8LOjJiv'l OTT']v TOUPKlKTl OMa~la rtou rtcpcrctvorov Yla Tioo£ple; alwv£e;. Ma~i jJi Tr'j OMa~la, nrov ~U810jJiv'l oi <pTWX£la Kat jJl~ipla. Tn jJaOTI~av i] aviX£la, i] KaKOjJOlpla Ka( oi appwOTI£e;.
To jJlI<pO Ka( <pTWXO EM'lVlKO xpdroo, usro TTlV KOTacroerrruoi rrrrc TOU 1897, rtooortcaoucs vc snouAwO£1 Tie; nATlyie; TOU rtoxeuou. OUT£ OKitjJ'l, aMa OUT£ Ka( 01a8£0T] Yla ortotcormors opaOT] OTT']v MaK£oovia.
!J.i ouvi~alv£ TO tOto jJ£ TTl Y£ITOVlKr'j BouAyapia rtou niOT£tjJ£ OT~ i]p8£ i] lOpa vc npaYjJOTonOIr'jO£1 TOUe; OKOrtouc nou £lX£ 8£0£ I cno TO 1878 JJE TTl 2uv8r'jK'l TOU 'Ayiou 2T£<pavou (aoxna JJE TO tjJaMiolOjJa rtou uneornoov crto TO 2UV£OPIO TOU Bepoxlvou TOV lOto xpOVo). "AAJ....wOT£ crto TO 1870 i] ~ouAyaplKr'j SKMTloia £lX£ sYKOTaA£itjJ£1 T_O OlKOUjJ£VlKO nOTplapX£lo Tfie; KWVOTaVTtVOUnoA'le; Kai £lX£ ueive I ox touortxri ('E~apx£ia).
To OXEo LO TE8TlK£ O£ OJ-L£OT] e<papjJoyr'j Kat we; ueco err LA£x8TlKav 0 i o<payie;, i] TPOjJOKpOTia, i] ~ta. Kup LO L OTOXOL, EMTlVop8000~0e; Mfipoe; (YLa vc A£itjJ£L orro TTl jJ~OT] 0 OUV£KTLKOe; rtopcvovmc 8P'lOK£ta-EKMTlOta), 0 i oaOKaAOL (rtou anOT£Aouoav TOUe; TomKOUe; t8VLKOUe; Kat nVWjJaTLKOUe; i]yiT£e;), oi npoKpLTOL (rtou Myw nAOUTOU Kat 8£0T]e; ooxoiiouv en LPPOr'j OTOUe; OMOUe;) Kat 0 i OAa~O<pWVO L (nou 8£wpOUVTav we; £UKOA'l A£la, rtou ajJ£Owe; 8a YLVOTQV unOX£lplO TOUe;).
To OX£O to anOT£AOUO£ TO BOKPOV OWTOV" Tf)e; 00- A LOTT]Tae;: 'H 'EOWT£PlKr'j MaK£oovlKr'j Ertcvccrurucj 'OoyavwOT] - EMEO rrou aV£Aa~£ orto TO 1893 vd UAonOlr'jO£l Tie; OX£TLKEe; npoana8£l£e; ejJ<paVt08TlK£ jJ£ omAa oUYKaAAUjJEVO jJavoua: xplOTlaVlKO Kat an£Aw8£pWTtKO jJa~L !J.laKr'jpuoo£ OTt aYWVl~OTav Yla TTlV an£Aw8ipwOT] TWV xplOTlaVLKWV nATl8uOjJwv crto TOUe; Toupxouc, Yla vo crtoowo£ I a' aUTOUe; rriv £Aw8£pta TOUe; Kai rnv ortpooxorrrq £KOr'jAWOTl Tfie; nlOTTle; TOUe;. L:fljJa(a AO mov £lX£ TTlV £AW-
38
8£pia Kat Tr'j XPlOTlaVIKr'j rttcrn. BE~ala ourc ~Tav Ta npoKaMjJjJOTa: 6 ~a8uT£pOe; cxonoc ~TQV svcc, 6 £K~ouAyaP LOjJOe;.
L:' Eva Aao 0 upoouevo y la eAw8£pia, rtou OTiva~£ KaTwano jJaKpaiwva TOUPKLKO ~uyo, i] rtpootpopc TWV eve- 8wv Tfie; an£Aw8ipwOlle; Kai jJa~i Tfie; viKlle; TOU Xp LOT icv 1- OjJOU, ~Tav noM O£AWOTLKr'j.
'0 Kivouvoe; vc KOTan LOUV 0 [ vrort lO l TO ~ouAyap lKO OOAWjJa Kai vo ~p£80uv OTr'j <paKa ~TQV cusooc Kai rtpo<pavr'je;.
Kai 10 tofrspo aUTOe; 6 Kivouvoe; <pQLVOTQV rue ojJ£oa Y La TOUe; 'EMTlV£e; oAa~O<pWVoue;.
EUTUXWe; OTt, napa TTl OOAlOTT]Ta TOUe;, o i Bouxvopoi Oiv pnoooucov vo KPUtjJOUV Kat TTl cruvvf ~ia nou XPTla iuonotoiionv. ETVQL xapaKTT]pLOTLKr'j TWV OUV8TlKWV Tfie; enoxfie; i] n£plypa<pr'j rtou Kav£l 6 aATlojJOVllTOe;, xopuqxiloc jJaK£oovae; 0TljJoo rovocooc, BaoiATle; MwoAoyyiTT]e;:
"Oi aveocmo, outoi avavttiv-unaunavtav, «airtep asauoaxovo; i7aav xplanavo{ 6p8ooo(ol «ai unE:PI7CPaVE:uovro 01' aUTO. Etti apKE:TOV «atpov, Oiv TOUe; E:TxE:v evoxAr]aE:1 «avevac 010 Tr]V niortv «ai TO tppovnua TWV. 'AM' Eva {3poou a icpv 10{We; iviaKl7£/lE:v iKE: I 6 {3oE:{3ooae; 'Anoato); aKoAou8oupE:voe; ana «auuia eixoaaoia KoplmT(FJSec; "OAol i7mv wnAlapivol oriv aotoxoi «ai TPOPE:PO{ Tr]V ouuv pi pE:yoAa veveta, uaxpua paMlo «ai acp80va aonP1KO KOI roanoaaa. '0 {3oE:{3ooae; eKoAE:aE: TOV ttanrta ttou i7mv ouvypovo»; «a! ooaKQAoe; «ai TOUe; ecpopool7poyipovtac; «a! TOUe; E: InE::
"Eox; nOTE: eaetc; 80 i(aKoAou8FJTE: vd piVE:TE: vxpcuKOPOV01; 'f\v 8iAE:TE: TO KE:cpoAla oac; 80 imovpauiere apiawe; uia avaipopa aTO X1ApFJ ttaca ttou 86 otu; ypo£/l17 6 vcauuattxoc; uou «a! ana Tr]V ot tvur; aUTr] 80 t:la8E: BouA:. vapoi. "Av aovnerire 80 otu; acpo~w oAoue; cpapIAIKWe;. Eitta!".
<l>UOlKO 8a ~TQV -8a 8A£Y£ xcveic- ot ov8pwnoL ouroi vd unOKutjJouV, vd npOOKUVr'jOOUV TOUe; Bouxvdpouc Kat vd npooxwpr'jOOUV a' aUTOUe;.
'E, Aomov, £AaXLOTOI an' aUTOUe; TO tTlpa~av.
39
o l noMot OVTlOTOSllKav, OpvrlSllKav, oywvtOSllKav. Move l, xwp(c; KaiJl.HO ~OrlS£la -OTrlV OPXrl- XWpte; cpwe;, XWpte; rnv rtcpcu lKPrl tAntoa.
!1ev ~Tav A0I\Ol.. aUTOe;; !1ev o£lXV£l 4JUXlKO uevoAeTo, U4JllAO tSvlKO cpovnuo, rtepnrpcvn tMllv lKrl ouvet- 011011;
'Av oev uniipxav TO AaiJnpo aUTO OTO lX£la, OKAOVllTfj tSv lKrl OUV£lOl1011 Kat ~aS£ lO OPSOOO~ll Xp lOT rev lKrl rtiorn, OAO l aUTOt So dxav onoppOCPllS£l Kl OCP0l10 lwS£l iJe TOUe; Bouxvcpouc -Kl i] MaK£oOVta So xavoTOv.
No YlOTt O~t~£l 0 Ocupaouoc; Kal i] t~ap011 Tiie; OTO- 011e; TWV 'EMrlvWV oAa~ocpwvwv Tiie; MaK£oovlae;. Kat vc y «m iJe o£~aoiJo ~unVlloav Kat ~£OrlKWOaV TOV unoAO LnO tMllVl0l10 Kal TOV KoA£Oav vc OTpe4J£l TO ~MiJl1a TOU l1e OTOPYrl an) MaK£OOVta rtou KlVQUV£U£.
Kl onwe; So OOUI1£ OToSllKav loo~la, l1e E~alp£TOUe; tlyeT£e; olnAa OTOUe; O~ lWiJaTlKOUe; nou OTOASllKav crto n)V 'EMooa YlO TOV Tploevoo~o MaK£oovlKO 'Aywva. Kal napanA£UpWe; TOU OVOI1OTOe; TOU "Hpoxi naUAOu M£Aa, ortc lOl£e; xpuoee; oeAToue; Tiie; 'EMllVlKiie; 'lcroplcq ypocpTfjKav TO OVOiJOTa TWV OAa~ocpwvwv onAapXl1Ywv rtou errsouv OTO Mcxeoovuco 'Aywva, TOU KWTa, TOU BayyeAlll..Tp£l1n£v lWTfj, TOU rlWpyOU rlWTO-rKOVOU, TOU !111iJrlTPll NTaAlrm, TOU naUAOU Kupou, TOU naUAOU PaKO~lTfj, TOU MllTPOU011 rKOYKOAOKll, TOU I\o~ou !10UYl0l1a K.6. onwe; ovaAUTlKO ovacpepOUI1£ ncpoxcno.
Tuiri Kal !1o~a 0' OAOUe; TOU 'Hpw£e;!
~: nATI 01 IKOniANOI nPEnEI NA IlnnOYN
1. 'H rtporrsuouoo Tiie; ", Ouoonovonc !111iJOKpOTlae; Tiie; MaK£OOVlae;", OllA. TO l..KOma, oev ... OVrlKOUV an) MaK£Oovla. "Omoc TOVlO£ 0 npo£opoe; Tiie; 'Erutpsfoc MaK£OOVlKWV l..nOUOWv KaSllY. K. Ba~ouOKOe; OTO 10 naVOUTlKOiJaK£OOVlKO l..UVeOplo (0£OoaAOVtKll, 1987): "'H MaKeoovia, otuoc; txel latooucix; OLQIlOpcpWee~ oev ilrrdveml {3e{3a{we; lleXPl TOO opouc; 2KOpOOU we; {CJ)(Up{(OVWl ol {3opelOl veitovec; uac; ciMo lleXPl TO Mtuumcova OPT], OT]A. 6J.Jyov Booeiotepov TF/e; neoioync; Kpoucobou, nplAorrou «ai
40
leu yeAF/-2TpwIlV(TOT] c, lleXPl «o! TWV LTO{3WV (ciPXa(ou uaKeoovlKoO oixioucc, natpioa TOO yewypocpou 'Iwovvou 2TO{3a(ou). To 2Koma oev eivcu de; TT]V MaKeoov(av, ciMo, de; TryV aoxaiav fJapoav(av. KaKWe; rrpo{3oMeral 6 ICJ)(UPlouoc OTl TO 2Koma elVal de; TryV MaKeoov(av Ka( !-loA tate tuxaeuouoa TF]e; MaK£oov(ae; ... ".
2. 'A?V._0 Kal 0' ourov OKCll1a TOV xwpo Tiie; O11I1£plviie; !111110KpOTtae; TWV l..KontWV, TO tMllvlKO cro rxelo unsprspouoc TOU oAa~lKou. 'Ortox; 6vacpep£l 6 odl1VllOToe; orpoTfjyoe;, nOAlTlKOe; Kal ouyypacpeae; 0. l..apoVTfje;, oUiJcpwva iJe rnv ortovpcrpri rtou noovuoronotnoe 6 XlAl1l-naOOe;, TO 1912 KOTolKouoav 0' cum n)v n£ploxrl 432.000 uouOOUAI10VOl, TOUPKOl Kal 'M~avol (41,71% TOU OUVOAOU), 259.000 "EMllv£e; (27,37%), 178.000 BouAyapol (18,81%), 13.150 l..ep~Ol (1,39%) Kal73.000 'E!3palol Kal OlOCPOPOl 6Mol (10,72%).
3. nou ~Tav cl "MaK£06v£e;" TWV l..KOnlWV TO 1940;
KOTo TOV LO lO ouyypacpea, ornv EnlOTlI111 y lOuYKooAa!3lKrl onoypacprl TOU 1940 (I1£TO TOV ocp£MllVl0l10 TWV tMTlVlKWV n£plcp£p£lWV rtou EVToXSTlKav an) rLOUYKooAa!3la) evecpepoVTal we; KOTOlKOl Tiie; n£ploxiie; 710.676 l..Ao!30l (66,33%), 334.285 110UOOUAiJOVO l - 'M!3avol - TOUPKO l - 6Slyyavol (31,20%) Kal 26.465 "EMTlv£e; (2,47%). Kal val iJev 6 oplSl10e; Kal TO rtocooro TWV 'EMrlVWV oneX£l orto n)V noovucnxorrrrc. oMo TO rtcponcve OTolX£la O£lXVOUV KaSapo OTl ornv neptoxn Tiie; OTlI1£plViie; "MaK£OOvlae; TWV l..KOnlWV" TO 1940 oev uniipxav ... "MaK£06v£e;". ('H tcp£uP£OTl ~Tav I1£Tay£veOT£PTl)· <t>UOlKO, YlO vc OTaSd oAO TO oaSpo OlKo06I1Tll1a rtepi "MaK£OOVlae;" Kal "MaK£OOVWv", ornv (rtroucr[) YlOUYKooAa!3lKrl onoypacprl TOU 1953, ol "MaK£06v£e;" £lVQl 861.000, o i l..ep!3ol K.6. l..A6- !30l 46.000, ot TOUPKOl 204.000, oi 'M!3avot 163.000, o i 6Slyyavol21.000 Kal o i 'EMTlv£e; 10.000 (0,67%).
41
e: H EnlITHMONIKH IITOPIKA TEKMHPIOMENH EMHNIKH 0EIH OI n=or TO IYNEXOI Ann TA IKOnJA ANAKINOYMENO ZHTHMA
_ AuTi] SK<jlpo~no l orto TOV SYKupon:po oopec rtou eivo t i] "'ETOlP£lO MOKEOOVlKWV Lno'.!owv", i] ortolo ae avoKOlVWml TIle; (Moprtoc 1991) aVeCPEPE TO s~fje;:
II' H 'Etaipeia MaKE:OOVIKWV Lnouowv inavE:Px0j.1E:V17 oto 8ej1a TO ottoio «ate: KalpOUe; £j.1cpav((nal tteoi of']8E:v Unap~E:We; aAa{30j.1aKE:OOvIKf']e; j.1E:IOVOTT/TOe; attiv 'EMaoa «ai «atotueoeux; TWV av8pwn(vwv OIKaIWj.1aTWV ttic; j.1E:LOVOTT/TOe; autnc; 8E:wpE:i anopaitnto va intOTJj.1aVE:1 Yla uia aKoWI tpopa Tr]V iotopuai «ai i8vlKr] aUTry avaKp({3E:la, va OIE:UKplv(aE:1 aUVOnTlKa ttoui E:lval i] iotoouoi aAr]8E:la «ai va TOv(aE:1 Tr]V ttpavuaruai OlaaraOTJ TOO 8ej.1aTOe;, Tr]V ottoia ocpdAouv va vvooiiouv OAOI ol 'EM17v£e;.
Llev noenei va Y(I/sml «aupia auyxuOTJ j.1£m~u TWV OUO ooov IILAa{3ocpwvollI «ai IILAa{3oj.1aK£OOVE:e;II. ETval Y£_ yovoe;, OTI otnv MaK£oov(a «ai ouvrenoiueva otic napaj.1E:80plE:e; nE:pIOxee; TT/e;, unapxouv 'EM17vE:e;, o! onotoi OJ.1IAoOv j.1a(( j.1e Tr]V tM17VIKr] yAwaaa «ai tva aAa{3IKo yAwaalKo iO(wj.1a. To cpaIVOj.1E:VO aUTO ttapampettai sa! oe nA£Iatec Xwp£e;, o17Aaor] oi KaTOIKOI TWV napaj.1E:8op(wv nepioXwv va oj.1IAoOv «a! Tr]V yAwaaa inc; YE:lTOVIKf']e; xwpae;. TOOTO OJ.1We; oev OTJj.1a(v£1 OTI of av8pwnol autoi E:TVal aAA17e; i:8vIKOTT/me;. OUOenOTE: Aomov ol LAa{3o<pwvol ttic MaK£oov(ae; iaxup(OTT/Kav OTt oev eivcu 'EM17VE:e;. :4VTI8eTWe; uasurta eunpartox; aneseisav ttepitpava TO tM17VIKO CPPOV17j.1a TOUe; ttaipvovtac uepoc oe oAoue; TOUe; i:8VIKoue; aYWVE:e; «a! t'Ola(npa «ata TOV MaK£OOVIKO ~ywva TOO 0- ttoiou TO uevurto Baooc autoi i:nWj.1(OTT/Kav. Of neoiocoTE:pOI Y17YE:vE:ie; onAapXT7Yo( «ai OnMTE:e; TOO MaK£oOVIKOO . Aywva oev i:yvwPI(av Tr]V tM17VIKr] yAwaaa, aAAa 80. attoresoooe lepoousia va aj.1cpla{3f7Tr]aE:1 «avek; TO tM17-
VIKO ippovnua «ai TOV narouotiouo TOO «attetav Kwm, TOO IKOVOU, TOO Mf7TPouOTJ, TOO NmJ..{n17. TOO Kupou Kat nosAwvc'iMwv.
42
Elva I eispaveoratn Xoutov i} onoruun nopeounveia TOO ooou LAa{3ocpwvoe;.
'0 opoc; IILAa{3oj.1aKE:OWVII, av8£M17VIKO Kat aUTO «ataoneuaoua, anoosonet ottiv i~Un17peT17OTJ noAITIKWV etuOIW~£WV. Elva I iotopixa Ka( intOTT/j.10VIKa artooeoetvuevo OTI ouoetiote unf']p~£ retota i8voTT/e; Kat OUOenOTE: terata yAwaaa «ai of of']8E:v ioyuoiouo; ttepi aAa{30j.1aK£OovIKf']e; yAwaaae; elvcu navtess»; aartipuctot.
'H . Em tpeia MaK£oovIKWV Lnouowv ettave IA17j.1j.1eva tXE:I aaxoA178£1 j.1e TO 8ej.1a aUTO ueaa ana TO iKOOTlKO «ai TO tv yeVE: I tpyo TT/e; «a! ouvensx; anoooittte I oAa TO. IIVWeavn" aUTO. «ataoxeuaouara, nsnpoipooet oe OTI O[ OX£TIKee; £Kooa£le; TT/e; E:lval otti Ola8£OTJ Ka8E: evouupepouevou".
OT: H KAAYTEPH AMYNA EINAI H Enl0EIH:
NA npOBAMOYME TA EMHNIKA AIKAIA IE BAPOI TON IAABON nov KATEXOYN EMHNIKA EM<I>H
'AyoVaKT£l KOV£le; oIKOlO, OTQV aKeq:n£TOl OTl i] 'EAAOOO (3plaKno l auvEXWe; ce OjJ.UVO KOl E lVO l unoxpEwjJ.evll vo anOKPOUEl Tle; SVOVTIOV TIle; smSeaEle;, 6MoTE (KUplWe;) TWV BOUAYOPWV KOl mljJ.EPO TWV LKomovWv.
IlOTI ojJ.wc; OUTO; Mrlnwc; i] 'EMooo 6pno~E KOl KOTOKpOTIlaE sooCPll rtou aVrlKOUV ae Y£lTOVEe;; 'AVTISno, oi Y£lTOVEC; nfjpov KOl KOTexouv tMllvlKO tOOCPll·
!:J.ev £lVOl "aw(3lVlaTlKrl" f] "SSVlKlaTlKrl" £KPll~ll, OLJTE KOV SSVlKrl olEKOlKllOll i] £K uspouc Tfje; . EMoooe; unouvnor] OTl oi vcrrovec TIle; KOTexouv YVrlQlO tMllVlKa soa-
<jlll· _
Kot tnEl0rl, i] KOAUTEPll ouuvo £lvOl i] sntSEOll, cvr] ocv xpcroc KOt oov AOOe; vd aywv l~OjJ.OaTE v' crtoxpouOUIlE KaSE oopc Tic; sVOVTtOV jJ.0c; smSeaEle; TWV YElTOVWV uoc; jJ.e aocpfj oxono rriv ortooncon KOt 6'0:wv tMllVlKWV SOocpWV KOt £lo lKO Tfje; MOKEOOVtOe; jJ.0C;, eivo l rtpor uio» TEpO vo SeTOUjJ.E snt rortrrroc TO 8ejJ.0 TWV soocpwv ucc rtou flOll £xouv rtep leASE l ce ve lTOV lKee; xWpEe;.
43
"ETOl, OTOUe; Bouxvcoouc (rtou £An(~ouI1E vo exouv TEAdwe; £YKQTaAdljJE l KOnO lEe; !3MljJE le; OE !3opoe; fjae;) rtpertet vc 8Ufjt~OUfjE TO 8Efja Tfle; 'AVQTOAlKfle; POUI1EAtae; rtou TO 1885 alcpvlolaOTlKo KQTa!3pox811oav. Tfle; 'AvQToAlKfle; POUI1EAlae; rtou KQTO lKOOVTQV ana ouurtcvelc £Mllv lKEe; fjO~EC; (KQTO TOV 011.0130 Jrecek), nou KUP lapXOOVTQV ana TO £MllV lKO OTO lXETo (6nwe; eypacpE TO 1841 a Blanqui)". Kat 6 Dienfenback unoMYl~E TOV ouvoxrxo nAllOuouo Tfle; 0pOKlle; (oul1nEplAafj!3avol1EVOU Kat TOO nAll- 8uol100 Tfle; 'AVQToAlKfle; POUI1EAlae;) OE 843.000 'EMllvEe;, 658.000 fjWClfjE8avoue;, 314.000 BouAyopoue; Kat 243.000 11.0 LnOUe;6. Aurr] rnv 'AVQTOAlKrl POUI1EAla (6nou ouuqxevo fj~ 6M'l OTQTlOTlKrl KQTOlKOOOav 230.000 "EMllVEe; Kat fjOVO 100.000 BouAyapo l K.6.r OTte; 6-9-1885 rtooocornoav 13 La to 0 [ Boux yapo l, unooouAWVOVTQe; TOV tMllv lKO nA1l8uol1o, TOV ortoio unE!3aAav OE oo!3apEe; I1ElWOEle;, Beouviououc KaL t~wTEAl0I10Ue;, uno TO aOlOCPOpa !3MI1- ucrm TWV MEyoAwv LluVOfjEwv. LTOUe; Bouxvcpouo rrpenei cxouo VO 8UI1(~OUI1E TO ncocucsooro tMllVlKO KEVTpa TOO nnp lTOLOU KaL TOO NWpOKOntOU, TOO TlPW'lKOO LTClPTOo!30U KaL TO "!3u~aVTlvo KEll1rlALO", TO MEAEVlKO.
KaL OTOUe; ~EO «ivroortouc LKon tovouq (KaL 0' orto lOVOrlnOTE 6Mo TOUe; "OlYOVTOPEl" ana Trl YElTOVlKrl IlOUYKooAa!3La) rtpertet xcr: vo TOUe; 8UI1tOOUI1E YlO TO tAAllVlKWTQTa, Movuornot, Kpouocjio, 'Axp Loa , np(A.ano Kat IWYEA-fl· LltvOUI1E TO Myo OTOV aElfjVllOTO fjaKEoOVOfjOXo OTp. Lllll1. KOKKa!308:
"Kaia TOV ttoseuov TOO 1912 OUOTUxWe; oiv aveyvwp(oenoav TO E8voAoY1KO OIKala TWV oupnoAep'700VTWV «paTWV «a! TF}e; aneAeu8epw8dOT]e; MaKeoov(ae;, aM' E8ean(-
5. Bt... Blanqui, "Voyage en Bulgarie pendant I' ennee 1841», Paris, 1843, aE;A. 29.
6. Bt... Diefenback, =s/olkerkunde Ost - Ertopoc», TO/l. I, aE;A. 18.
~. BA. x? Nasroa, ";0 tM17voaAa{3tKo otlvopa - Ai npoc {3oppav E;8vtKat/lac; OtE;KOtK17aE;tC;», GE;aaaAov[K17, 1946, os): 65.
B B): 1117/1. KaKKo{3ou, ,,'H Mareoovta KQTO tnv teseutaiav teooaporovtaetiav «a! TO t8VtKO r7/lWV O[Kata», GE;aaaAov[K17, 1946.
44
oB'7 r7 auBa{pEToe; «a! aOtKOe; OPxr7 TOO ttpcatou natasa{3oVTOe;.
'H 'EMoe; ovtiuettonioaoa TOV KUptOV OYKOV tric; EX- 8plKf)e; otpatiac; 0cpwolwB'7 onoMel0T1KWe; «a! I-'0VOV eic tnv V1K'7CPOpOV ole~aywyryv TWV EnLxe1pryoewv, xwp{e; v' anaoxoA'7Bf) I-'i TryV uatepobousov {3AeljJLV TF}e; eoneoouevric; KamAry!J1ewe; TWV EOacpWv. Eic tnv eIA1KpIVf) ocpOO{WOLV TF}e; tM'7V1Kf)e; otpattac ttpoc TOV KUPLOV OVTlKell-'eV1KOV aUTF]e; onottov cup' evoc; «a! atp' etepou de; tnv xaAapov EKnArypwolv TWV OUl-'l-'aXIKwv unoxpewoewv EK uepouc; TF}e; ouuuayou 2ep{3(ae; ocpdAeml r7l-'ry iYKOlpOe; KaroA'7ljJle; TOO MovaOTfJP(ou uno TOO tM'7V1KOO OTpaTOO. Kai OUTW TO (OXUPOV TOOTO npottupvtov TF}e; EBvIKF]e; r7I-'WV (oiae;, ottou Karo tKaTOVTooae; aoieucovtcu TO 8uI-'am TF}e; f]pwiKF]e; turtoiiuoiac; TWV OKpalcpvwv npol-'oxWV tnc; tteoteoyetcu eic; TryV oep{3IKryv EnLKpOTelav, ryne;, we; dval YVWOTOV, ouoinote evsxpavioe KaB' 6A'7V Tryv E~iAI~LV TOO MaKeoOVIKOO :4ywvoe; oep{3IKryv cpuAeTIKryv EKOryAw01V i5vonAov fj eiP'7VIKryV KaB' anav TO olal-'iplOl-'a TO VOTIWe; TOO Kpouoo{3ou «ai nepAeni.
"To Movaotiipt oleTiAeoev axpotto):«; TF]e; EBvIKF]e; f]pwv (oiae; I-'i Ol-'dWTOV «a! aOOl-'aOTOV nOVToTe TOV ttaTPIWTIKOV TOU eveouoiaouov, unF]p~e TO (W'7POTepOV EV MaKeoov(a tM'7VIKOV KiVTPOV KaB' 6A'7V tnv E~iAI~IV TOO E8vlKOO aywvoe;, ovriueuonioav I-'ET' a~loBaupoOTOu vsvvcnoipuyiac; TO avryKOUOTOUe; touomtac; «a! CPPIKwOele; tyM'7parIKOe; {3ap{3apomme; TF}e; {3ouAyapIKF]e; aYPIOmTOe; «a! B'7Plwi5(ae;. "AKal-'nTOV Ka( otaeepov eic; TOe; t8VIKOe; rtettotimoe«; TOU, £Txe KamOTF} a mAauyrye; qxuxx; a «arauvooac tnv MaKeoov(av aAoM'7POV I-'i Tryv aryA'7v TF}e; ttatp uot tniic; TOU autoeuoiac; «at autanapvnaeox; 'EM'7V1- KOV KiVTpOV pi TOIOOTOV ivoo~ov napeABov eival O(KaIOV vo I-'ry nepliAB'7 eic tnv OTOPYIKryV aYKoA'7v TF}e; P'7TPoe; ttatoiooc; imeo ttic; ottoiac; tOelvonoB'7oe «a! euaotopncev, avavraoeev tv TiAel VO l-'eTOIKryOT] tKelBev eic TO «paotteoa TF]e; olaxwpl(OUOT]e; Tae; OUO cturpateiac ueeo oiou voauunc; Iva I-'ry ano~evwBF] TF]e; tM'7VIKF]e; OLKOY£vetac;
45
· O;\Jyov {3ope. IOTe.pOV TOO MOVOOTl7P(OU iXOfJe.v TO
ryPWi'KOV Kpouoo{3oV, TOO onoiou Tr]V aOIOtjJWOTOV i;A.A.l7VIKOTf7TO uaotupet ii KOTO TO 1903 nuonosnoic TOU uno TOO TOUPKIKOO OTPOTOO A.0yw TWV nOTplwTIKWV TOU ippoVl7fJOTWV".
To rtoportcvo. ours KOT' EAoXloro onuofvouv OTl OEV EmBul-l0ul-ls KOl Emo lWKOUI-lS slPrlVll KO( yoAr'jvll ora BOAKovlo, I-l0AOVOTl elucore
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