The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20140918035443/http://www.scribd.com:80/doc/40527185/%CE%A7-%CE%96%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A1%CE%97%CE%A3-%CE%9F-%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%A9%CE%A3-%CE%A3%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%99-%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D-%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%97-%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%A9%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97-%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%99%CE%91-%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A3%CE%A3%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97%CE%A3
P. 1
Χ.ΖΑΦΕΙΡΗΣ - Ο ΕΡΩΣ ΣΚΕΠΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΗ, ΕΡΩΤΙΚΗ ΤΟΠΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ

Χ.ΖΑΦΕΙΡΗΣ - Ο ΕΡΩΣ ΣΚΕΠΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΗ, ΕΡΩΤΙΚΗ ΤΟΠΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ

Ratings: (0)|Views: 229 |Likes:
Published by Pantelis Tsalouhidis

More info:

Categories:Types, Books - Non-fiction, History
Published by: Pantelis Tsalouhidis on Oct 31, 2010
Copyright:Attribution Non-commercial

Availability:

Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.
download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Flag for inappropriate content|Add to collection
See more
See less

07/06/2014

pdf

text

original

XPIETOr, ZA¢JEIPHI

o Ep'OL 2:KEf1EI THN nOAH

TOnOfPA$IA 8IIIAAONIKHE

() X!rL~ ~e[.ql]rS l'Ml'J91~1I6 lio194~1 Ol'Ilv K~ Dw;mIOva~ !W:L, ~H aM 1<1 1%3 m;I~1 ~~?!'I], Eiw~ J'mlXtoUxp~ tl}; i(lL).ooQ{pL~; ~".l;p1{t; 1IDU J\g«ml'EllUiL-. Oil WlL ~Ift'lYE-mL I])~ bq~~(jJitv.;; TIlG' ,lEJ.:HEMa)"A~lllEJ.~~ Il'ilir,liSoll).Q~ ~~' Wll ml{;!~~~ ).6yo", !W~ ti, )!Vl!Jr; ~rIll~m9l XO:~ OOVfI~!lE m: ~tQ' l1lJ~ UJ..ll'J,liL'Ki'l';: 'tllJu&[,1OOI};; ,!I0iJQ~ fDI B6eElAIi ElJ.M~, K\lI(1.Q'~qD1 10 ]g~1 w 1i~1;I ~~Q~ ro7f~~, W • .l'WIDUl~~~~'l'ta 1'I\I1f.1!61fJ<OO·

IT!} ,Ql(i~ ~OLP ~~~li;UOl,t," 7J mJrol~« ,.~. I~~:ft} .M1,!'!'~~"'~ ::\1~i!'~ f"!! 1'901.

IVI1tp(J)vw ue 6, TL wr:aee'UJ) no»; eO .. eu; va neu; 6n DT/Aaolj 6Ace; at neoixeteie; axoua Xt avro TO ral;ibt oto 8cQ{laluo. eivai Bocotas;

NIKOL I' ABPIHA IIENTZIKHL Mrrr£Qa ewoa).ov[xt}

EuxaQ~(Jl0U!J.c 8cQ!J.6. 10US X.X. rLWQYO Avcorcouron, EJav6.oTj fEWQyuioT), fLwQYo rtaXOU!J.LOlJ, BaoU .. lj KOAwva, MaQL6.vva KOQo!J.ljA6., Mo:v6Alj KavOuA6.XlJ, AV1WVlj 2:alQal~,(wlj, BaoLAlj navax6.QlJ 10US urrcvEluvouS lOU KIEJ XaL lOU AEMM, YLa rrrv rroAvlq.J.lj j3Ol18U6. 10US ornv oAoxkrlQWUlJ TOU j3L~ALou XaL TTjS cpWTOYQacpLxi]s uunoyi]s·

IOtuLuQa EUXUQWTOV!J.E 10 b6.uxaAo UUAA£Xl11 J\Qll Ilarrul~i]xu (A.Il.) nou fJ.O:S b~£8EOI.' cUYEVLX6. 10 JtAOVOLO aQxdo lOU (!J.E aV£X001ES cpWl0YQacpLeS lljS EJwuuAovLxy!S crro 10 l£AOS TOU ncQuo!J.£VOU mwva WS 10 1950), coro TO onoto emM1;afJ.e TLS c:pwwYQacpLI.'S lOU ueoorroxs!J.OU y~a tnv flxoVOYQac:pTjoy! TaU j3~j)ALou.

II EPIEXOMENA

13 15 21 35

1. nQOAOYLXO

2. 'EQuna.; JtOALOilxo.;

3. H JttQLna8na tl]'; nOAl]'; 4.0 EQWtU'; am Xtl!J.,tVa

5. To QECPQEV TllC; <{(,\)QaLac; E>wouAoVLXta.;» -

o EQWTUC; OTa QE!!JtEUXU XaL to veoreoc tQayouoLu

6. 0 EQWtac; tWV cctorv - XWQo L '4>Uxaywy(,a.;

XaL O(XOL aVOX-rlC;

7. Ta Aa'Cxa vucporrat;,aga

8. MnaQa, l] xa!J.,EVn !!JtOUQO£AOJtOAL tda

9. BagoaQL, 0 o!J.,cpaMc; LOU EQwnxou !J.,u80u

10. AaoacLxa, n OUVOLXLU rou XOVClQE!J.,JtOQLOU XaL rou EQWta

11. H 8aAaOOLV-rl JtEQLnoAoc;

12. OL JtAatdEC; TllC; 8aAaooac; -AEUXOU lluQYou-

AQLOTOtEAOUC; - EAEU8EQLUC;

13. AJt6 to MJtEXtOL vaQ w'; TO YXEtO tWV E~Qu(,wv

14. LTu E~Qa'(xa !J.,v-rlWx.TU XaL rn ~6~a

15. LELX LOU, to EQwnx6 E>a~wQ .

16. EmAoy'ij ~L~ALoYQacpLuc;

17. llnYEC; CPWtOYQUCPLWV

43

53 69 75 85

103 111

117 131 147 155 165 173

I

.'

IIPOAOfIKO

NOJ1WE stox; o;ta ta eiXE H)Ct'l/lEt yW EXElYrJ - ua E')(.£iVTl OEV eize aXoJ1Tl YEVV1]eEi.

MANOAHL ANArNQLTAKHL v.r.

To ~L~AlO outo OEV OtOXEUEL vo. xGtaYQa'4!CL Tl}V EQo.HLXn s{J)n tl}t; ewoaAOVLXl}e;, oote aTOI..tLXU EQo.mxU j3LWl-wta, aAM. va OQLoElEtnOEL EQwnXOUe; tortotx tl}e; nOAljt;, rtou JtfQaoav n xaElljxav otrrv WtOQLXn IlviJ!J.l} Tlje; IlE rnv JtOAUJtAEUQl} OLaXQOVLxi) rtaQouo(,a, vc 8UllLOH tortoo; rtou oCjJQaYLOLl}XaV 11£ tl} veotmc, v« '4!l}Aafpi)OfL IlLa aXOIll} JtOACOOO[UXi] XaL LOtOQLXn o LuotaOll tl}e;.

H EQ{J)tLXn toJtOYQaCjJLa eWoaAOVLXljt; avtL!J.EtwJtLsftaL rceQLOOOLEQO wr; a(,08ljol} JtaQu (J)£ EmIlEQOUe; aQXEw8ftl}Olj xm IlE- AEtl} tWV XWQwv oao» UVElWE 0 YviJOLor; tl ayoQaLor; fQW-rae; avO. rou; mWVEr; omv nOAl}. Av, W01:000, o LVEtaL IlEyaAUtEQl] EIlCjJaOl] OtOUr; oLaj30l]tOUe; XWQour; LOU ayoQaLou fQWta, ELVaL YLaLL OL OXEtLXEr; llaQLUQLEe; ELVaL ruo fVtOVEr; XaL OL TonOL mHO!. EXOUV anOTuJtwElEL ornv WLOQLXn IlVn!-ll] tl}e; JtOAl]r; IlE rn OLLti) naQouOLa TOUe;, Ll]V OLXOVOIlLXn XaL XOLVWVLXn rnv ljllEQa xm tl]V EQWtLxi] tl] vuXta. 'OJtwr; 0 Lowr; 0 EQwtae; 6EV vost TaL EXLOe; OW!J.aTOr; xru 6EV AOYLSEtaL !;EXO!J.!-lEVOr; crto nr; o.AAEe; av8Qwm VEe; a1;LEe; xm AELTOUQYLEr; tl}r; swi]r;, ETOL XL OL xaQaXtl]QLoIlEVOL wr; EQwnXOI, XWQOL Ll}e; SWOaAOVI,Xl}e; ELVaL OUV8EtOL XaL JtoAUOn!-laVtOL. EfA,JtEQLEXOUV o1JvCt!-la EtEQaXAl]LEr; AEL1:0UQYLEr;, W1:0QLXEe; Ilvn!-lEe; XaL aQXL1:EXTOVLXU Ad'\jJava o.AAwv E::rtOXWV, JtOAEOOOIlLXEr;

XQLOl:OS; ZacpdQll£

14

xeu J[EQLBaAAOVnXES; aAAaYE£, anW8ll[1EVES; on] A1Wll rrQoocomXES; nEQLJTHhoELt;, AOY0l:EXVLXEt; XaL XaAALl:EXVLxEt; xal:aYQmpts. Ttc 1:0 AOYO curo n avacpoQa l:WV EQhHLX(i)V torrorv YLVEl:aL oW,OTQW[1anXa XaL OlaXQovLXa, ollv8E1:OVTW;, 000 y[vETm, tnv X(i- 8oALxl'] lIJrooTaoll TWV X(!)Qwv Tll£ nOAllS JTOll ouvLJ41av8llxCw !If rov eoorto,

o EQWt; oxeite: Tl1V lfOAl1 EmXElQd vu O(!)OH TO rrAulOLo, v' ovnXaAfOEL tn [1vl'][1ll, va l;C1vacptQEL croix ruo llAlXLW~ltvouS JTQoOWJTlXE£ [1vl']Wt; XO'.l va Oll[1EL(l>OU nt; [1£TU[10Qcp<i)OELt; TllS EQWTLxl']£ JTOAEoOO[1Las;, [1f mv rtoooooxt«, t« XEVa -sxouoic X(XL «xouOlCi- va tn YE[1LOEL 0 avayvwoTllS [1£ TTJ ClLXl'] TOU [l1.1(JTLxi) EQ(J)uxl'] nEQLJTTWOTJ Tll (JllvlICpaO[1£Vll [1E TTJV JtOAll·

LTll <TlJAAOYl'] TOll llALXO!J xru TTJV xcnnYQucpi) f)0118lloav JTOAMt; ygaJtTEt; XaL JtQOCPOQLXES flUQTUQLCS, Tr1 {-hj3Ha TCOV voctoxvrov TllS JtuAuiS; 0woaAOVLXllS, OL JtOLTJTES; xm JTf~()YQ6:(POl TTJS, vuvaLxf'S TWV J\w5a6lxhlV, crO,m nou TJ VEOTllTCx TOl'S Ol_lV£JTCO£ [1f' US [1EtaJtOAc[1LXES OEXUETLf/;, JtQomomxE£ qIJTElQI,f'S, rrrxALES qxoTO'IQacpLES XUL xoot JtOOHXA, ECPy]flEQLOES xm ({QXf'La. LTO j3Lj3ALO rrrxQntWEVTaL JtoAAa aJTOOrrao[1C1T<l X£L[1EVWV XaL JtOLi)WXTCl. rtou avacpEQOVTO,L o rouc EQCUTLX01JS Xfi)QouS TY]; 0wOUAOvLXll£. H JTaQrl8EOi) TOllS l1JTrlYOQi'l'JTy]XE (mo 6110 A6yOlIS. TIQcom, vci llJrClQXU T] oueoornr« TlI; ULOOYJ01']S rton JtQOX6:t,EOO.V «utot OL XWQOL Of' oY][1CXVTLX011e; bYJ[1Wl,IQyoue; xm OnJtEQo vurrt n aJt/,i] 13L.f1ALOYQacpLxi) ncxQaJto~tJTr) tLVaL uOLflcpoQlI xm XWQLe; onucotc YLa to un UOlXO «vovvoiotn. I't.' (Uno YJ f'IrLAoyi) ~Lj3ALOYQUCPLO,S JIEQLA.(i~lI3avEL Exdvn XlIQLW£ TCf (3L(1ALU ore orroto «vnxouv to JTugu- 8E[1Cna. OL ALYEe; cpwTOYQmpLE£ XCiL XC1QT JTOOT<XA EJWXi]c:; coto to KeVTQO IOTOQlUe; TOll L'l.r)fl.OU eWCJCf.AOVLXYJ£, TO Aaoyg<lcpLXO xm E8vOAOYLXO Mmxreio Moxeoovlox (J\EMM) XCXL L6LwnxEC:; aUAAOYES, (tJ[OTfA01JV EVOELXUXtc:; Cjx(30ALWS £LXOVEe; TOU XEL~£VOU xm OFV aJtooxoJtouv orn cpwToYQncpLXn XrlAlnl)1'] TOU 8{~WTOt;,

o EQwr; oxenei Tl1V lfoM/, rt TAOS; (\(1VELO~{VOe; «rto ouort TAO ciQ- 8QO OTO JtEQLo8LXO NEG Eotia TOll Koxrtn Mooxrorp, Ol1[1JTA1']QCOVEL Tll 8waQAoviul1r; Tosaovocupia we; 6EllTEQo OWfl<l OT1']V JTQoYQU[1wnLo~U~Vr] TQLAOYLC1 YLCX TYJV uYC1.JTTJ[1EVll [ltle; JtOAYJ.

EPQTAL: IIOAIOYXOL:

I1ag8Evwvue; 2L8wvl.as 2EJtTE~lBQlle; 1993

o fQuJTLx6e; A 61'oe; r11e; nOA1')C; JTfQL(rEona! btO:Xllroe; we; /Ufpp.a, bw]TfQvwvra<; xtu. ns: JTW JT1!xvic; xrrraxvLt';, ar1')V Touuoxn, arnv Eyvaria, ow BaO(;(lUI1, bt:ixvovras: xou; () AAAO; VlraUXH, [()OO Evro<; oov 000 XC(l bL,A(X (](Jl!. ..

K~~;';TI!i M02:KQ<l> /l.ai)aot[oS' ri JTQWTOJTO{}ia;

O'EO(l)£ (TXEJtEL TYJV JtoAy], OLfxrroTL~EL Hi UJtEQYllQ(l idXY] T1']S, X.U~OALXrl ~ovti)V, EAAryVLOTLX6: xm Q{J~W:fLx6 EQ£,LJtta, (3usavnvEe; EXXAYJotEe; xm EQll[1W[1EVo. T~a[1LU, £YxAw~L~ETm (HCX Xo.[1llACl EVaJTO~lELvC1,VtcX OJt'LUet TlIe; xa8' Tlflac:; AvcnoA'iIS, JtEQL<:PEQETCH or« OTEYUVfl JtAcWTLXrl OWWQl.0flCtTU nov rroAuxuTOLXLWV TlIS xm T<1 Ac(Cxa t;EVOOOXt't(l, lJtTC1W.L unsQavw TWV n:6.ACXL rrors EQwTLx(i)v tonxov OL(lJTOnO~EVwv flE B()yxouS YJoovl']e;: rorv J\(XOC10LXWV, rrj; Mnflgac:;, TOll TIn.voQrl[1CttoS, tYJe; MLxQae;, TOll 2ELX 20U, LOU ~2QcuoxaOTQOlI, TWV UYQOTEflo.XLl\)V non cpLAOs{VYJoav JTQ60q:rllY£S XaL llJtCXLHQLOllS EQWTEe;, OTlI Pcuovn, TO KOllQL TYJ B6:Qva, TO KovAl': KacpE, (HOU KacpaVTflQYJ, rn 2TCi1lQ01IJTOAll, T1']V HALOUJtOAYJ, i1']V KuA.UflugLfl, TllvKOi]VYJ, rnv AQE1:0011, TYJV Ay La <DCOTEL vn, rnv TOlJ~JTa Xnt TYJ L'l.()!;a.

16

H 'BQw<; w<; UJtEQ'"WtTJ EXqJQaOll - cotcnounoc tTJ<; avElQwm VT)e; [LOVUSLo.<;, 0 EQWta<; W£ OUVUqJUVOT) ue to ouvo.v8QwJto, tOY AHO,u[LVOAOY£Ltat chuXQoVL'xo. O£ OUVmXLEe; ue La oaxvwt:o., one; JtAat£L££-Jto.QXLVYX, n<; £XXAl]OLEe; XaL rc t~a[LLo. XaL one; EXAEXnXLOtLXOU QuElf,tOU j3o..E£, otu; EUwbw; AU'eXE£ aYOQE£ XaL La EQyoOto.OLa, oro Jtayxo.xLa tll<; JtQOXUf,taLU£ XaL tn EWPOQTU AEOJCpoQda. OO[Lll[LEVO£ XaL aM[LT)w<; £QWtLXO£ AOYO<;, «JtOU nsQLlpEQEtaL OLaXUTO£ roe; j3AE[L[La, OWJtEQWOVLa£ XaL n<; mo JtUXVE£ xmaXVLE£, OTTJV TOL[LLOxi), OTllv Evvcrtto., oro BaQouQTJ~), xato. TOV Kcoorn Mooxexp, «bdxvOVTa£ Jtwe; 0 AAAO£ uJto.QXEL tOOO EVtO£ OOU 000 XaL OLJtAa OOU ... »

o EQWta<; we; ayoQoJu JtQaST) JtAavo.tm OE JtUQaElaAo.oOLa xaAVT£QLf,tLa xm QO~ utooqxor« bW[Luna oLuj3aEl[LLO[L£VWV XaL Jt£QLElWQLaxwv f,tJtOQVTEAWV XaL sEvoboXeLwv, CLUXEEL m E>£OoaAovLXT) tWV xaOtQoJtATJXTWV Xat rcrv JtQOVOf,twuxrov xaTOLXWV tll<;, JtQ008EtoVta£ Eva oxoun mLElEw, EQrotLXi), xovre OtU £JtL8Eta 66sae;, JtAOUWU XaL Zl18uf,tLae; rtou Xato. XaLQoue; Ti]e; XCtQLOav JtEQLl1Yl1tEe; XaL £QaOtE£ tll£: «Euooturov Baj3uAwv», «JtOAL<; EUALf,tEVO£ XaL E[LJtOQLXOtCttTJ», {{[Lo.xaQ», «tQLOoA[3Loe; JtOALe;».

o EQwTae; we; aLoElllol1 aLwQELtm OTOU£ oQO[Lou<; tTJe; JtOAl1e;, rc [LJtaQo.xLu, JtAatdE£ xru W[3EQVE£, OtTJV nooxuucto; tLe; VTLOXOtEX XaL ro xutU01:i)[L(1TU, w£ cLmpuywv o.w.f,t0£ j3(1QbuQl1£ i] XEL[LWvlo.nxo JtOUOL LOU 8EQ[La'LXou, uJtoXUcu'U;'ETm Xat UJt0XWQL~EtaL TO };W[LU OW[LaTOUf,t£VO£, yLvnaL EI£OJtEOW [3AE[Lf,tU JtuQou- 0((1<;, xUtUAmi]e; [LOV(1SLo.e;, EsuYLa~Etat, 'BQwTa<; JtOALOUXOe; XaL Jtuvwxou JtuQwv.

o EQWWe; xouQvLa~oVTUe; OE aJtobEXatLOf,tEVa oW[Lma ueco OE avi]ALayu xamqnJYLa, 0 EQWta£ w£ YViJOLO£ £Qa01:iJ£ non Em~d tQoJtaLOUXO£, xmaxuLovTU£ H£ bLaXQoVLXEe; XaL JtQoouQ[Lo~O[LEVE£ OTOU<; aLWVE£ xorvorvixe; uvaowAEe;, AELtOUQyiJ8l]XE, 60- saOTrjXE XaL n[Li]ElflxE OTT] 8£OoaAOVLXT], TO EQWtLXO TEAECJti]QLO tTle; vsorntcc; Arpnvovrr«; yLa rou; XOLVWVLOAoyoue; ne; l]ElLXEe; XaL XOLVWVLXEC; LEQaQxi]oELC;, II EQWTLXi] aL08T]0T] avaotVEtaL coto tQLOXLALETLa<; OE xall£VOU£, JtaQaAAaYIlEVOUe; (1JtO rnv JtOA£OOOIlLXi] ESEALSl1 XaL bwotQocpi] T] OW~O[LEVOUC; XWQOUC;, OE xEL[LEVa Xnt JtaQaboow;, Em[3LwvEL roC; JtOAllTLllT] EXqJQaOT], JtOU bEV JtUQJtoAi]8yp~E coto £LOayO[LEVa JtQotuJta XaL XLVT]j.,lata, one; OUVOLXLEe; xrn. TO XEVTQO tll<; JtOAT]C;, OtT] VEOTT]Ta TOU [LJtE[LJtEAo.X XaL

17

Tl1C; o.vECH1£, o\JOJtELQWVEtaL OTa ,(Auxa JtQoowJta tcov rtortnouoorv XaL TWV YOVLWV TOU<; crro trj2:[Ll1QVll, Tll MOOXOJtOATj, t1]V OQVTOU, to A'C[)aAL, T1]V KAElOOUQa, to r Qcj3Eva, Tl) $LA.LJtJtourroAT], T11V TLcpALoa, TO Movcornot, To: };cpaXLCt, T1] LaIlO, to BA(1XO- XWQLU t1]e; Ilrvoou, W LOUCPAL, tu; LaQaVTa EXXAYlOL£e;, TT]V TIQLYXLJtO, TTJ ME011[L[)QLa, TO Movcxo, TTJV AOcAaTba, tTJ LtOXXOAf,tTJ, HjV IIQEtOQLCX, TY]V AAEso.voQua TTJe; ALYUJtTOlJ, tTJ Nso YOQxy], xovroxovi«; OtTJV EQwnxi] JtQoowJt0YQacpLa Tlle; JtClTLVae; tou XQoV01J XaL tou Or][LEQU em' OAO TOV EAATJVLO[LO.

To oUYXQovo mL8cw TYle; E>WO(1AOVLXll£, cQu)Hxi], xmaoxEuaoun EQWT1)AWV Aoyon,xvwv. OY][LOOLOYQo.cpwv. a81]VaLWV xaL aAA06umov ECPi]llcQwV EQUOTWV. rtou avacptQl'TaL atJ8ULQEtU XaL Lowe; XWQte; a.VTLxQLO[La, OEV xaQuxTy]QL~EL TTJV LOtaL reon EQWtLXi] LOLOOllOT(WLU TWV xcrotxcov tY]e;, rnv EQWTLXiJ JtQWTOTUJtLU i] OEl;ouaALXT] EAcu8EQLOly]Ta, uAAo. ITEQWOOTEQO Eva EgWtLXO n8oe;. ~w S£XWQLOTi] EXCjJgcw11 macpT]e; xm aLo8nollt; rtou uvubU8llXE (IJtO TO (JUYXEgaO[LO EQWtLXtl)V ouvY]8ELWV TWV JtoAuc8vLX(OV Aacov T11e; JtOAY]t; xnL HOV bLacpoQETLXWV 8Qy]OXEU:ilv xm VOOTQOJtLWV, ;WlJ mpgaywE T1]V ucmxT] (JUVEL6llOy] lY]e; GwoaAovLX11e; yw tOY tQww «v« TOUe; mWVEe;. 'EAAy]V£C;. $go.yXOL, ITaAoL, TouoXOL, E[3gaLOL, PCO[LULOL, BouAyagOL, TIOVtLOL, GQaxLWTEe;. KUQa[LUVA 1']oEe;, KWVOWVTL vouJtoALTEC;, L [L1JQVLOL, oQ866osOL, [LOUoouA[LavOL, LOQu11ALTEt;, VWV[L£bEt;. xa80ALxoL. o.8EOl. [LE roix JtOLXLAOUC; [LEwJtQaTEe;, rUCJLOvaQLOUe;, E[LJtOQOU£. OTQamuc; xntOXT]£ XaL VUlItLX011C;, auv8wav [LLU av£xTLxT] xm JtOLxLATJ EQWtLXT] (JuvEL01]OTJ OT01)£ aOloue; xm tn CPTWXOAOYLo. T11e; JtOAlle;·

.6.n[..tOOLoYQacpm XelL OLUVOOU[LEVOL EmXELQTJOav Xnt ava~i]TY]ocv crto AOYOTEXVlXOUe; bllj.,lLougyoue; v« aLnOAoyiJoollv tTJ CPEQ6[LEVY] we; EQWtLXi] LOLnLTEQoTY]Ta Tne; E>woaAovLxllC; XaL TO emetTO £gWTLxiJ. ilEQa crto TTJ bLaLWVla cpi][LTJ eY]<; EQWtLXT]e; ~wne; TTJ<;, TOlle; EQWtLXOlJe; JtOL11t£e; tne;, to vscvixc Ot£XLa TTJ£, JtOU EYLvav JtavEAA i]vLCl oYlj.,lda avacpoQar; Tl]<; EQWTLXnC; EJta<:pi]e;, [LLU UJtQOOOOXllTy] JtEQL8wQwxi] OY][..t£LCO011 orrrv umoBLOYQacpLCl TOll ITEQLXAT] BaxuAtCY], OllVOLxaALOTT] TQUj3£OTL [LE TO maYYEA[..taTLXO ovouc MJtETtU, Lowe; va JtQooEyyL~EL T11V UULa T1]e; EQWTlxiJr; cpi][L11£, yLa TOV aQoEvLxO Tne;, T01.JAeXXLOTO, JtA ll8uOIlO. fQaqJEL 1] MJt£TTU:

18

____ ~~ ~~ ~ X~Q~tOTO~z~~EL~n~

«Ot BEaaaAoviXW{ /lar:; ti'QEaav JWAV, vuxti Eixav tn uuottxoJra(-)r'! xaVAa rov avatosirn av600 Jrov &v EXH fhYE{ OE (3afJor:; ana ro oirtixo nositiouo.»

Toox, nCxAL, n EQWTLX'f) 8E00CtAOvb~ll va anllxd Tll ~i][Lll TllS; n«ALCx~ EXTEt<1[LEVllS; [LnOUQ<'H:AOITOAL Tdas;, TllS; MITCxQf.tS;, TOU BUQOCxQll XCl.L TWV i\O:OCxOL1{WV, LCDV cQwtLxei)V I; evoooxetorv TllS; EyvaTLa~ xm TWV ITOA l.JITQOOWITWV OLXWV avoxi]e; [LE nOA 1.JE8vLXts; vuVfiLX£S;, croix; nfiALO'US; EJtLOXEITUC:; Tlle:;, 1(01.1 ava~Lt:i:JvFL OTO rtnoov crto ~Loygn~LXEe:; [Lvi]/-u:e:;, ~(J)TOygU~LEe:; xm EAXUOTLX{C; ~WYQ<1qJlE~ mQL llYllTWV XaL 1;e.vwv OTgUUU)HXCOV ron MnXEOOVLXOU Metontou xm TY]S; LTgnnas; TYJS AVUTOAi]S;, XaL EVTEAEL, OTYJ W:OTEQYJ moxfi, «no TYJ AOYOll::XVlXi] ()LCxXUOll TWV eoomxrov XeOQWV, nQoownwv xm uw8i]oUJ)v Tne; nOAy]S; crto TOV NTLVO XournovoJ[OUAO, TOV ft()QYO Ioxrvvou, TOV AAfsy] AOAaVOYAOU, ns; bY][LO~ OLOYQaCj)lXEe; JtQo/.)oAtc:; TOll KWOTiI Mooxrnrp XUL Tall Ktorrtu 2:Ta[LCiTLou, OUVTeiXTWV AoYOtfXVLXWV JtEQw("mccov TYJe; A8i]vac:; XaL svrunrov IT01) nrrE1JEluvovTCH OE O!J-aOES; !J-E EQWTlXES; LOLC(lTEQon]TEC:;, yLa ru; OJ[O LES; II 8WOUAOVLXll cpavTCH;,n wS EQWTLXi] ~cxAxavLxi] ITgf01Tllollcra.

Li]!J-EQf1 11 EQWTLXYt {f.LdlnOll Tns rroA11S cxxnvo/3oAd ow [Lanu XCI.L W OqJQLYYJACx veovixc mO[LnTCx, xmgocpuAaxTd oc llALXLW[LEv« ~AE[L[LaTCt, mWQELTfiL OE [LJtaQaxL(( xm rnv rrQOXUrWl{f., OE ot- 80UOl'S; /cc((xils OLaOXEoCWYlS, XOUATOUQCXS XaL OLoaoxaALas, WS; cXJ[goOCtogLOTn oUYXLVllOYl xm (VWTLxi] 0WUTEglcpOQCt JtOU 01.1- vaQJtO:~EL vtcmouc xru EJtLOXEJtTES, x(XVEt aL08YlTi] TnV JtCiQouola Tns OE xaTaOTilwna XUL <')QO~lOUC:;, !J-ETaQOLwvETCH !J-E TO a60AO xalOE[LCi Tl]S !J-anaS xexEl{OS UV(XQQmL~EL!J-f aOTQaJtES macpils oionAEXO!J-Evn /3AE[L[LaT(L

H aLoflnoy] J[0l1 OLVEl TO TQaYOUOl TOll MnexYLaVTEQCi «co !J-ayf~ ~lEVO TO [LUCiAO uoi: CPT£QOUyL~EL. .. », XWQtC:; CPCtQ!J-C~XE1JTlXa urroxarcorcr« XaL EcpilWQet tovornxo, dVaL OUVll8LO!J-EVn xaTO:OTaOn Tl]S 8wonAOVLXyte;, x(X8{DS Oll!J-JIQ<'nTOUV OTnV JtOAYl aQ[LOVLxa 0 OUYXOQ[LOS EQWTW; [.lE ro nnonUQ!J-EV(,( xooocono, TO T]ouna8ts JtOUOL TOll 8fQ[La·LxoU xa l Y] oroxoot lxii lOTOQlXi] JtatL vc TYlS noAll>:;.

o 'EQwS OXEJtEl rnv nOAYl

19

OL XLALabE>:; VWVLXOL JtAYlflllO!J-OL non J[EQaoav crto rn 8wouAOVLXYl OTT] VCOTT]Ta, WS !.pOL TY]1:tc:; i] OTgauciHE>:;, aq)UJ[v(OT11XUV EQWTLXa OE aYOQaLa OnLTLa, OE JtUXVEC; EQWTLXEC; 6laOQO[L£S ow. X{f.AVTEQL!J-La TY]S navw nOAYlC;, TCi J[aQxa XaL TnV JtQOXU[.lai,a, ow muxa TUlI LELX LOll xm ru; 1;,WTEC; G[.l [Lollb lEC; TOU 8EQWiCxou, [LETt(pEoaV TYlV EQWTLXi] VOoTCiAYLn Ty]S vL6TytS TOUS OTc( rr£QaTa TOl.! EAAYlVLO~OU XnL TnV avu8EQ[LaVaV EVT]ALXlW8tVTES OE qJLAOUS XaL to J[{uola TOUC;.

IlaAlES Ta0tQvu; XaL xw:pEvda: .d(){lva, lIayovAawr:;, Xubtnc.

Auuxvuirtnc; AXLAAtar:;, BAaxor:;, IOVE~, Txoa{3aQir1}r:;, AovrQor:;. Max(:oovua), MJrAE lIaoafJuQa, KarpEvT~iol1r:;, lXLyxLAiV1}r:;, Ilti Ilakai; AAq;a, Nioot: urroixit TllS OEXnETLac; TOl) '60: BaToaxoL, 107, Nauaoivo, Mivooi. Ayoa/lJfEAl1, Hsiotoorao. Mstaounaoesa, A LaYEQ{la' naQuoomaxa oxuAaoLXa XCH 1;EvllXTaoma qJOQTYlycnt;,i]owv, nEQL8wQLuxeDv XaL QF[LrrETT]oWV, rtou El;aYlaoTnxav [LE ns; !J-LXT£S VEClYLXES; OUVTQ0Cj) Lt·S, UQLOTEQO\JS Xnt OWVOO\J[LEVOUe;: . AAJjr:;. In1}AUX, Aov1;. <Pi/lLVa, AQ~l'VTiva, Koxorvnc; Bevteta, tl>aQivw, KaAv(3a, Kcouna. Avauvnaeu; XdVTQ(:S', .dELALva·vEcivLxa X(LcpEvda XaL XCiCPE: tl>AUV, Iavrt, Nrc tl>axTo, Xaov';; M6- !UUA, EQ(J)86;, lIt}ciaX861}, MLXQ() xaq;t, MJravak VtLOXOTEX xci oUYXQOVC( I;EvuXTaoLxn: AaAcxr:;, MJrOVVTQOV/l, MWOYBiOr:;, MuAO;, AaDaoLxa, MJr01J~W;, AXQaa/la, TO Mtvovi!J-1: TYl ALAi] XCH TO~ KCX[LnouQEAO' Ta XUQLALOLxa: Mavooayooa; xai Aoqn, uni]Qtav EQCOTLXa 8E.Q!J-oxi]mcx, CjlQovTlmilQw XaL E!J-JtEOU ExnaLbl'U011>:; OTQUUWtt:l)V X(XL CpOLTllTWV, EQYCHWV, [LOVL!J-WV XCXTOLXWV XaL OL£gXO[.lEVWV, J[OlI OlEUQ1NfiV rnv EQWTLXi] CpiU1Yl Tlle; nOAYl>:; XaL OUVEXL~OUV TO [.l uUo 1:YlS·

OL EQWt£S ouvoooutoonouv ue 6WOl]AWOELC:; xm nOQELEC;, X(1- ITW:Qya'tES; 10 '36, aVTaQ-n:c:; xm enovtre; OTl]V Kmoxtl. yLa TOV Euovoou IluAl]xc(Qt6y] TY]>:; Kunoou, 'tOY Ntxo MrrEAOYLaWT] XaL TOV Mcvoxn fAtt,O 01:T] ofXCI.ETLa TOll '50, TO <<'EVCi 'Eva TtoocQ(I.», [.lE ClYWVEe;, XELQaygacpES JtgOXY]QU1;ELS XCIL EXQnXTLXOUC; [LYlXexvLO[LOUe; xma Tll~ (XrrQlALavi]~ bLxTcnoQLa>:; OTY]V EQ(l)TlXi] xm TQaYLxi] OExaETLa TOll '60, «MallQll ELV' Y] VUXTCI. etc [)U1lva» xru «IlEOatE 8u[LaTU C(t>EQ(['w £(JdS», OqJlY!J-EVYl YQ08la XaL ayxaALEC;, [LE TgaYO\lbw. TllS Tt,aav Mnut~ XaL TOU Mno[LIT NtlACiV, 1:01.1 MtXT] 8wb(DQax11, LOU Movou Xat~Li)aXl, TOU Mrrvou Ao't~ou XaL TOll AOllXLaVO\J KllAaYl6avl], xm rn Qf[LJtEnxa TOll BUOLAT] TOl-

20

TOUVl], tou Mnoxou BU!J,j3uxuQl] xru tau fLUVVl] Ilcrmtcoovvou, rtou EQWTEUTl]XaV, ayartl]oav xm WUYOUOl]oav Tl] 0EOoaAovLxl].

ct>OLTl]TLXU oW!J,ona OE EVo.rtO!J,£LvaVTo. !J,aXEOOVLXO ouxvLOLa xm VEOTEUXT£<; rtoAUXUtOLxLEt:;: OAu!J,1wu. NmJaQLVOU, POTOVTU, AYLa TQLOOa. L1l]!J,Y)TQLOU I'ovvcon, IIartucpy), L1EOrtEQ£ xm KorrOOVOQOlJ, Eui;wvwv, 25Y)t:; MaQTLOll, nuvw nOAy), KouH xacp£, TOLVUQL xm rrAarELo. TEQ1jJL8£a<;, TOUQXLXO rtQOSEVELO, InnoooollLOU xru L1ayxAi], IaQO:VTCX EXXAY)OLEt:;, L1LOLXl]tY)QLOU xm AQQLaYOU, !J,L~EQU EOTLarOQLa tY); MEAEVLXOU xm Tl]t:; Ka!!aQa;, AYLOU Il cuxou xm AYLou L1Y)!J,l]TQLOU, !J,E yxai;LEQE;, !!o.YXO:AW xrn 00- llJtE; xo.uool;uAwv xm JtETQEAaLOU, i;EoTCXvav TO V£(XVLXO EQwm xaj3O:Au OTO <1>OQT17y6 TOll L1LOVUOy) Io.j3j36nouAou, Mux B(iAaaaa f.UUQfJ, IVVVEipOVAa, OL ]WALOi uat; ip{AOL, IItTQOt:;, ML!!LX<X, Avvn, Kotrn, Taool)Aa. Ntxoc; TUXI1;, Tnooc, KAEaQXOt:;, EAEVy). Avtorvnc, Ttmovu, fLuwy);, El)YEVLa, NTOQl];, [[WQYla, HALut:;, VEaVLXU WOj3L<X JWQTQETa !J,E Tl] acPQaYLoa TOU EQWTn, 01JVOOELa X L8CtQa;, (3EQIlOUT xm Qf-tOL vor;

OL J[aAtt~ LbEE~ en J[aAuY~ ayaJ[e~ oLuQavyi~

rrQLV YLVOUV ayuA!J,ara, rtOVy)QOL noALn,uTE;. Esw!J,6n;, OLXOYEVElUQXE;, (30!J,j3aQow!J,EvEt:; nOAELt:; xm vauuyw.

H TIEPIIlA8EIA TH2: TIOAHL:

Of lrfQwaOT£QOL lro).[r£; nl; fjJeW1T/; }tal I1fyaA17; noi.ueiac; fivat aXOAaarm XW EQWTVAOL xai exiooeneu; one; xaxec; ouvavaotooipe; xa: bLaaXfoaon; ..

EBAIA TZEAEMIlI Tal;lCh otnv EUdba

H !J,wi] !J,vl'j!J,l] Tl]t:; 0woaAovLXl]t:; ELvm lJrtoyaa, 8a!J,!J,EVY) cru; OLaXQOVLXES nQOOXWOELt:; «no XW[lo:nva 1;mAU[lato rou Mrra'CQLOU, Tl]; nuvCD rrOAl]t:;, tou XOQTLCtTl] xm TWV umDQELWV TaU IELX Iou. HurrEQyna rroAl] 8E!J,EALwvETm OE rtQOOXCDOLYEvtL; EKtCtOEL;, [lE [laQ[lCtQLva xm rtl'jALva orraQCtY[larc, 1.jJl]<:pLOWtO, TOLXOYQacPLE;, mX!lt; OOQUT{JJV, ooteo TETaJtEL V{JJ!J,Eva «qxrvorv, nou cnorurrorvouv on; aVESLTllAE; EmYQa<:pE;, TO. !J,o.Q!J,UQLva EmTU[lj3Lo. xm TLS sf8wQLaO!J,EVE<; TOLXOYQacpLE; TOV xaY)!lo rou 8UVUT01J, TOV JtOVO 1Y); !J,l]TQLXi]t:; OTOQyi]e:; xm TI1 OTa- 8EQi] a1;La TOU EQWW us Tl] ouva!J,l] TWV tcJ.U1LO!J,E:VWV XOQ!J,LWV xm TY)V aXQa LarrEL VWOY) xm 0 LUll. uol'j TOUe:; OTO XCDQWIlO.

H uJtoyua 0EOoaAovLxll ELvm LOXUQOLEQl] OE oEi,Y[laLa i;wi]e:;, Of !J,aQLUQLXE£ aYWVlct:;, Of cnoXLaXE:£ aVatUOH£ !J,JtQomu OTa OLmWVLa JtQoj3MiJ.ata Tl]; i;wi]£, TOU EQwLa xm tOU 8avCtTOU. Av Y) UrtEQYElo. rtOAI1 mOTOrtOLEL !lEOa cno rc OtEVU TOLIlEVTEVLo. OLU[lEQLOiJ.aLa TOW JtOAUXaTOLXLWV rn OU!J,Jtl£Ol] TOU XWQOU xm TOU XQOVOU TYle:; JtOAY)e:; xm l11e:; 1.(!uxi]; lWV EVOLXWV TOU;, l] urtOYELo.

22

XQLotot; ZcuVdQT)t; nOAT) nQOXCI.AEl ~E t:T)V anAWCJLa, t:T) xaQa HIt; su)1'l£, TTlV EQwnXtl £lJwxLa xm t:T)V naQtlyoQT) avnwt:wnWT) LOU 8av6t:ou.

Ana LOQUO£Wt; t:T)t; JtOAl]t; ow ~l'XO rou eEQ~OXXOu, T) 0woaAOVL/tT) xaQaxt:T)QLsEt:m w£ EQwnXtl nOAT] ~E tn «~axXLXtl cpQEvLnoa» TWV morcov LOU flEou lHOVUOOU, 0 oJtoLo£untlQs£ 0 nQcDLO£ nat:Qwva£ xm JtOALOUXO£ t:T)t;. H Aat:QELa TOll L'l.LOVUOOU, TOll 0wu LOU xQumou, LOU EQWW xm t:T)t; EUCPQOOUVT)£, ~aQTuQELt:UL cno rov 30 rt.X. «uovo, onwt; OwowsnUL otrrv EvwLYQacpT) «!.\La- 8tlxl]» TT)£ LEQEl<Xt; EllCPQOOUVTJC;, rtou ~QLOXEt:m 010 uouosto, avucpEQovLac; rou; TIQLVOCPOQouC; XaL L'l.QUOCPOQ(1)C;, LOut; Mo OLOV1)maxol1£ 8Laoou£ TT)£ 0£OoaAOVLltT)£. AUTtl TJ EQwnXtl 8tQ~T), 0 EXorcoicxo; nUQ£Toc;, rtou EXCTlAcJ)vl'nav oru; oQYWOTLXE£ LEAfLE£ TOU 8mu, cpaLVETaL on tOWOE XaL LO ovoun TTI£ ornv JtQoxaTOXT) nOATJ 0tQ~TI, XL 0XL TCI. 8EQIla LC1llatLxa VEQa t:OU 2:to££ XaL aAAE£ 8EQIlE£ JtTlYEC;, 8EOTl nou llJTOoTtlQLsav XaL oo~aQoL aQXCl.LoAoyOL, orpnvovror; OTOUe; EQWTOYQ<icpou£, XOLVWVLOAOYOU; xm YAWOOOAOYOU£ TYJV aVTAYJOT) TWV {pexvEQCt)V EQCOTLXWV xm YAWOOLXWV OTOLXELWV ano to. o LaoJtaQTa LEXIli!QLa.

Tn «(pUAALXa OQWIlEVU», OL oQYLaonxE; cpanLxt; YWQTt; IlE TO OWVUOWXO OUIl~OAO, TO cpaAAO, OTlAaoi! TO aVOQLXO ~OQLO, ow LEQO TOl) 0fQ~W(OlI ALOYUOOlI, xaTW (mo rn OYJ[JEQLVtl JtAo.TEla AvnyovLOwV, Eowoav TO ovouo «<Pano;» OtYJ IlEyaAYJ OUvoixi« TYJ£ JtOAl]£, OUTLX&' TOU L'l.LOLXTltTJQ(01), JIm) YLCI. AOY01)£ XQLonavLX'tl£ anE:X8uw; JtQO; TO xeXXOl]XO ovouc xm naQucpElOQ&'C; OVO~aOTl]XE OTa ~llsnvnv&. XQl'lvLa «OwvaAOe;;», WJtWVUIlLO rrou OWTrlQil8YjXE we;; ne;; nQxt£ TOU ouov« Ila£.

o /lEyaAoc; vco; TOll !.\WvUOOlI dXf Xnotd 1:0 500 rt.X, Xm ALya aQX LtEXTOV Lxa TOll /lEAYJ o LCwW8T)xo.v OTO /lOlIOELO, EveD rn XQYJITLOWllata oxsncorrpcov crro TOUI,; EQYOAa~ou£ otu; axaQEC; JWAlIxaTOLxLE£ Ot:TJ l'haoTaUQWOTJ TWV OOWV L'l.LOLXTJt:TJQL(1) XaL KQlIot:aAAYJ. 2:tO XEVTQO «uro TTle; oQywonxi!£ AaLQdae;, T] OJtOLa uoi.aSEL IlE rc AvaOTEvaQLa xm rov oQywonxo XOQO tWV tOUQXWV OEQ~LoYjowv OTO YELtovmo texe ME[3ALxavf, «OL £AATJVEC; i!yov TYjV TWV cpanwv aOXtlllOVa TEAEt:tlV». OL XQwnaVOL aQvtl81]xav aQyOTEQo., coe; «JtQLV [3E[31]AOV XWQOV», vc XQTJOL~onOLY]OUUV ro. aQxaLa LEQ&. vto TYJ YEa 8QTJOX£Lo., nQOTLIlWVtm; 1:OUe; XWQOUC; rorv vscov /laQTUQWV, TOll L'l..TJ Il'TlTQ LOll xm NtOToQa, OTTJV naQaXEL/lEVl] cxQxata ovoo«.

23

H ACHQELa TOll L'l.LOV1)00lI xQaTTJOE evvio aLWVEe; OTTI 0WOCXAOVLXn, we; tOY 40 /lETuXQL{JnavLxo cuovo, rWQa to llaSLXO EXXQLOTWVLO[JO XaL t1]V tOLaL TEQTJ nVEU/lalLXrl cPQovttoa TOU ArtoctoAOU ITauAou, nou LOQuoE (JTYjV nOATJ TlJV JtQ(!n1] XQLOTLavLxrl EXXA1]oi.a Tne; EUQ(!m1]£. TTJv fXAUt'Tl ~wiI xm TOU£ /lUO'TEe; TOl) L\LOYUOOl) IlE ru; cpunLxE<; YLOQt££ OTO wQo TOU nOALouxOU 0EQ/laL(1) EtXE uJt01.(!YJ T01) 0 Anootoxo; OUllAo£ oUIlj3ollAEuoVTCle; erne; nQo; 0£OoaAovLxELe; EJtLOTOAt£ TOll «an£x£08m ulla<; T1]e; rcoovdne;» xm vc Iln ~OLcis01JV ILl: too; AOLnou£ rton «to xQucpa YLVOusvo; un.' «utcov mO'XQov £OTL xm AEYELV». 0 EQo.nLxo£ 8EO<; T1]£ 8EOoaAovi.XTl<; UJIrlQt;E 01'1l~OAO TllC; JtOATI<; xm ern QW/la'Lxa XQ6- VLCI, oJtw£ odxvEL 1] YAlinTy] [JOQCPtl TOll L'l.LOVUOOU OE EYXOAJTLO aTO ILaQ/laQLVO Tot;o TOll OXWYWVOll, OTlJV JtAaTELa NuunQlvou.

OgYWOTLXO xaQuXTY]Qo. ElXE XaL 1] AaTQEi.a anwv 8EOtnT(uV JtolltlQ8uv crto TYjV Ai.Y1.1JTTO, OJtw£ TOll 2:aQ(tJTll, T1]<; 'Imoat; xm T01) M(8Qa. To mLElETo «oQyta» YLa T1]V 'Irno«, rtou JtCl.Qcmt[JJtEL OE oQywO'tLX£e; TEAETE£, 1JJTCiQXEL OE EJTL ygacptl XanOl(1) L£QEa Tn;, rtou OWsEtctL OtO aQXaLOAOYLXOllouoELo 0EOoaAOVLXTJe;.

'Ev(1. lJnOYELO L£QO, rortoc Illl0TtXr1£ ACXTQELa£ TOU LaQaJtYj, ortou !3QE:8Yjxnv nOAAa ayaAllaw xnt /laQ[JaQLVEe; EmYQUqJ£c;, dvm 8nIL!!EVO x<iTw «rto ne;; nOAllxcnOLXLE£ OT1]V nAaTELU BaQO<xQ1], OTTJV ClQXtl T1]£ 00(1) !.\LOLXYjTYjQi,Oll, rtou JTQOX,C(AEOE rtoortoqxrvn ouyxi,vYJo1] GTOUe; (XQX<J.LOAOyOU<; XUQaAap.JTO Mcxcoov« XaL LTQatrl I1EA£XL01], at onotoi Xattr1nXCi.V YLo. JtQWTY) q;oQu otnv YLa mWVEe; EQ/lTJlLXa XAELOTtl AatQElmxrl XQUJtT1] tOU myunTLnXOU 0EOU.

«Drav tt XQUJrTf/ f/voiX8r]», YQacpfL OTYjV EJtLOTll/lOVLX,rl ovoxotvoxm TOU EUQtlllaTOC; TO 1940 E:x8u[J~0C; 0 aEL/lvllotOC; Moxo.oovae;, «rvQt8r/V £vwnwv rou cotoooooxntou xai l.warr]Qu.vc')w~ vno[3Af/HXOV JrrQL[3CtAAovro~. H CWlJQCt oirvxtvnou; uou and TO £~a<pvLx6v aviixoioua TlJr; ayaerj; ~wQqJrjr; TOll emu, r] anoia axro6v r~WVTCtV£VE ano TO aaA[lJOV a{tvoQov qJw~ roll 1JAEXrQk XOl; ipavoii, ea ueivei aacpaA(vr:; aAr]a{tovlJwr:;.»

MlI(HTJQLWOELe; OQYLCWTLXtC; TEAETfe; YLVOVWV xm ;tQo£ TL[JtlV TOU 0Q<1XLWTT] !:)WlJ Ka~Ei.Qou, OLaOTJllou nrto tn Ka~dQL(1 !!UOTrlQLa TTle; 2:cx/lo6QaxT]e;, TOU ortotou UJtoAEL/lwna voxov TOll

24

evtomomxov one; JtEQLOXft; Tl']e:; Porovrce; xm Tl']e:; aQxa(,ae:; ayoQae:; OTl'] GwoaAOVLXl']. 0 Ku{3ELQoe:;, JtQOOTUTl']e:; Trje:; Jt6Al']e:;, ow XQ6VLa Xl)QLWe:; Tl']e:; QWjJ.ULoxQUTLae:;, TOV onoto OL GwoaAOVLXfLe:; tBAEJtaV OTa oQUlJ.atu TOUe:; xa{3aAaQl'], us AEUXij XAawuba, v« aJtOXQOlJEL TClUi; EX8Qoue:; JtO:vw OTa TdXl'] Tfle:;, avuxaTaotu8rjXE OTa XQLOU<1.VLXO: XQ6vtO., IJ.E rnv (6L(l 0XEb6v !loQCPij xm rnv HXOvOYQaqJLxll fv(1)OTJ xm JtaVOJtALa, crto TOV AyLO L'l.TJlJ.llTQLo. TLIJ.Wvror; TOV JtQOXQLOTWVLXD JtOALOUXO TOUe:;, or xaTOLXOL OQYO:VWvov X0:6E TEOOfQa XQOVLa AalJ.JtQll EIJ.JtOQOJtuvllyuQrj, rc «Kaj3dQW - Ilu6w», zrou IJ.EtOV0IJ.O:OTrjXaV OTa (3lJ~aVTLvo: XQOVLCt OE «L'l.l']lJ.lltQLa)}, «no TTJV aLyATJ TOU XQLOuavou JtOALOUXOU Tfle:;.

H EQWUXll JtfQLJt0:8ELa TTJC:; aQxaLue:; GEOoaAOVLXlle:; UVTaV(tXAUTm Of ELXOVOYQUCPLXO: a'lxmOAOYLXO: oJta'luylJ.u-co:, Of XQLOTLaVLXEe:; avacpOQE<; YLU rnv !.'L(\WAOAaTQLXi] ll8LXi] xm JtQ0JtaVTDe:; OE JtOLi][.taTa xm EmYQUlJ.wna 8EOoaAOVLXL«(W xo , SEVWV JtOLTJTWV yw Tl']V JtOAl'] xcu TOV E'luna.

ELX6vCI. Tlle:; EJtaVaAalJ.{3C1.V0IJ.EVl']e:; we:; ue:; !lEQEt; lJ.ae:; ll6LXi]e:; EJtUvtVWSlle:; JtQWllV UYOQULWV yuvmx(!)v bLVEL 0 JtOLTJTllC:; AVTLJt(1- TQOe:; 0 Gwoo.AovLXEUe:;, rtou t~TJOE OTo. XQOVLa TOU AUYOUOLov OTllV JtDA'll, «rro TO 63 Jt.X. we:; TO 14 IJ..x., (:hwvovtac:; rnv XOOlJ.o·(oroQLxll XC1.)J.JIij.

ExeiV71 ra oavoaAw JfOV xoatei 71 Mevexoatu; etvci, TO ipooeua 71 aAA1] JfOV JfQOacPEQEL 71 c1Jr]fA,OV071

xat T1]~ IIQr]1;w~ aVT6 TO X1IJTEAAO JfOVO XaAA[TEXV1]r; AQWTO!taXO~. 0 .J:TQWl(VVW~, EiXE ue nafjor; TEXVOVQY~OH. anuoaic; etaiou; xca OL TQELr;. Qon50o u/)Qa

OV'VYOll~ EyvwQwav xaA01j~, capooubenxav 0' allTOv~ xai uovo!

Anoe:; EVUe; fmYQalJ.IJ.atOJtOL6e; TOV lou n.X, aL<J)va, 0 EJtLYOvor; 0 GEOoaAovLxEUe:;, EJtaLVfL tn VEUVLXl'j OlJ.oQcpu'!. XaL OLEXtQayw6d TO llaQO:Z;WlJ.a Tlle:; V LOT'll e:;.

QQuiov~ xaAAL.niraAOV~ avfjov~ avaOt va ou; via

XaL - TQiqJovTar; ra- wQifA,asav TWV amqJlIAuvv OL QWYEr;. Teoaoa nAEov' f1.aQaCcooE, ESaQwo£ 0 xOQfA,o~ uov. rvwQit;EL XL 71 XA1]flaraQLa TOV XQovov n~ QVTi&~.

25

Iloo« rnv aAAayr) Tlle; Yj8LXne:; XaL Tlle; ELOWAoAutQLxi]C; LOEOAOyLae:;, rj EQunLxrl CIL08l']orj TYjt; JtOAflC:; JtaQalJ.EVEL ow XQLonavLxu XQ6vLa we:; y6VLIJ.rj IJ.vi]lJ.rj crov JtOLrjTi) MaxE06vLO, rtou xcrovorev orto Tll 8£OoaAovLxYj XL t~rjOE we:; uJtaroe:; oro XQ6vLa tOU cuTOxQuTOQa IOt)OnVLUVou, TOV 60 1J..x. cuovo, OLYjV KWVOTaVTLVOUJtOAll.

A VT~V, nov we; OTOJV 8'f/A VXOJV TO yivo~ oav {3axxi15a onaraAa oro Qv8{,l6 XQvodw xQOT6AWV oeurtav, YEQa{,lara xai uaoaauoi; awiALXroe; TTJV mjQE'

XL OOOL fA,E TQiDLJfAa T71V mavav naQaxaAW,

TWQa W qJQ{Xr] TTJV XOL rovv' r] OAOYWf1.TJ .J:drjVTJ xa8r]XE, O1!VOoO~ ma DEV f1.JTOQt:i va yiVEt.

A UQLXl'j OLUElWYj 6dxvEL XaL LO JtUQClXUTW soornxo rtotnu« JtOU OUW'XL~£L TOV uQxai,o IluElo TOl) «toirverou».

o apJrr::AovQy6r;, orcv ta xArjflara TQvya, T' ayx68w

va ra anocpvyn bEv {lJwQEL' tootooo ta OWqJVAW roy EVqJQa{ vovv. i\oLnov XL [yw, QOI56XEQ1], OJ TTJ~ 1J!vxrjc; f101l nAovroe;,

m XiQw (,lOV YVQOJ oov avanAExovrar;, TQVy(!J roy EQMTa OOV.

Arto T11 YEL1;OVLXn IIEAAa Xatay6Tav 0 JtOLl']tne:; noodbLJtJtOC:; JtOU E~110E TOV 30 rt.X. ouovc XaL tc cmYQulJ.lJ.ata TOUtJlJ.VOUv TOV EQO)tU XaL TO xQUOL.

OL EQ()JTE~ Tr]V aJraArjv OJ~ eioav TTJV ElQrjV1]V

--w~ i/3ymvE ano rov~ XQvoove; Tr]C; KvnQLl5a~ 8aAaf1.0V~f1EOT~ anc) xaQt TE~, av80~ 8aAEQ6 ax' Tr]V XErpUArj we; TO JfEAfA,a, 0f10W u.' ayaAfA,a AEVXc), nov Of1iAE1J!E AaflnQ6r; TEXviTr]r;,

w8ve; ta To1;a Tavvoav xai ne; xaQl5Lf~ TWV VEWV aQxwav

fA,E raoAonoQqJvQa ra (3fAr] TOVr; f1.E n68or; va OroXEvOVV!

H 8£OJto(,Yjo1"] LOU 'EQww uJtoTuJtw8Yjxc oe Jtona IJ.UQlJ.uQLva xm JtnALva ayaA[J.,Uta T1"]e:; AcpQ06(' Trje:; XaL EQW1L68wv Trje:; EAA1"]VLouxnc; JtEQLo6ou XaL Tlle:; QWIJ.aLoxQat(,ac:;, rtcu uJtoxuAucp811XUV ot«; £xoxacpES; OLXOJtE6wv tYjt; Jt6Al]e:; xm XOOIJ.OUV ne; JtQ08nXH; TOl) aQxmoAoYLXOU uouostou GEOouAOVLX11e:;· nfQLJtu8de:; OXl']-

26

VE';; [lE EQWnOELi; XaL lOU';; aUVOOOlJ';; rou LHOVUOO1J OE EU81J[lLa, i'lLCl.JIAEX6[lEVOL OE XATII.WtLOE£ XaL OtCl.qJ1JAW, ELXOVL~OVTaL OE JIOAAO: Cl.vO:yAmpa HuV [LaQ[laQLVWV oaQxoqx1YWV, rtou f}QLOXOVTm OTOV JrEQLBoAO TOll [lOUod01J trl£ n6AT]£, JIQof3o:HOvtac; TOV EQWTa OW TEAcUtelLO un6yuo xm:O:AU[la T01.1 8avO:t01.J w';; TT]~ JIE[lnToUOLct tT]C; ~wi].;;.

H O[lOQcpLa TWV yuvaLxc0v XaL avi5Qwv XL 0 EQWWC; U[lVi]8T]XE CrnlVJI6All aJI6 W aQxcILa XQ6vLa XaL xaTaYQaCPllxE IJ.E 8au[lao[la an6 ~EVOUC; TIEQLllYT]TE';; xm vOTLoEHatJLTEC; rou lJLXQoU EAE1J8EQotl XQeXT01.J';;. H GWOCIAOVLttT] wc; OLE8vEC; AL[leXVL onou [lETO: tel <'lWL[lctTCl TWV 1t/..OLWV nEQLcpEQOVTaL OTllV £vooxwQr~ TT]£ 1t6AT]C; vouuxot an' aA II trrv Ell Qci.1JLf] XaL ro AL[laVw Tf]';; MWOYELOll, [lllTQ61tOA 11 [lE EllXataOTQTO nOA uE8vLXO ETEQ6xA T]TO nA T]81.Jo[lo xm O~VTO:XTllC; TOll E[lnOQLOll TT]C; BaAxnvLxi]£, dXE Tll mpQay(orl TllC; Eu8U[lT]C; naAT]C;, TWV OLaoxEOeXoEWV xm TOU EQWtCl., nQLV [lET((BAlled, ow; 1tQcin:E£ OEXaEtLE';; toll cuovo; OE TIEQLcpEQuaxi] nQwTEuouoa T01.l i5LEUQuv6[lEVOU EU.llVLX01) xQO:t01.Jc;.

Ax6[lf] XaL [lE Tf]V LOAa[lLxiJ T]8LXi], T] w'uQxoXQaTOU[lEVT] E>woa/"ovLXT] dXE TO tJLx6 TT]C; ocpuY[lO, ITCH) xcnaYQeXcpT]XE [lE ovrrroAi, TlxT] nEQLJLeX8wl «rro TOY EVTunWOLaO[lEYO n01.IQL tovo 08())[lCl~ VO nEQl T]YT]Ti] E{3AL(X TOEAE[l1LL.

«A V xai ot JrcQL(Ja6rEQol xostte; Tr/s nJBv{tTK xai f..lEyaAT/s JrOAlTEias eivai aX(5Aa(JTOl xm EQwniAOt (xai EJrlQQEJrEie; otu; xaXE~ (JlIvavaarQorpEs xai &aaxu'j(laE:t~)>>, OT][lEL{))V£L 0 TOEA~[lJd, xeu aVTLnaQa8E:tEL (}' curnv TT]V xaTeXoT(WT] rton TOU (lQWE HJ ~OllOOUA[laYLxiJ ll8vxi] rcou £JtQEJCE vn JIQonetyrlYO(~El OTa Ta~LOLa TOU, «vJraQX01!V oiotooo BEoaE(301Jp,£VOl avio: av8Q(JJJrOL, ccoououevoi ora BEta, nou JrEQVOVV TOV xm06 TOlJ~ {iE v17aTe{E~ xai JrQOat:VXEs.»

L;' aUTi] TT] [lE811otLXYI nOALTELa 8a 'rov aVLEQT] :rmQaAELl.jJT] vo [IT]V avacpEQ8EL OTa ayoQLrl xm TL';; yuvaLxEC; TT]£ E>wOflAOVLXT]C;, rtou oLyouQa TOU EmOa1jJLA£uoav rnv £QWTLxi] [lWl1 TT]C; Jt6AT]C;.

«Ta YOT/TEUnxa OYAd-V, am) 6Exa fL£X{n EiXOaL XQ6vwv eivai

,

i

I , I

":":

;\

d

o 'EQwC; 0XEnEL tT]V nOAYi

27

noveuoooxx», AEEL. «Tooo ;rov Ud-BE EAUX TOIl XOQf..lLOV TOUs eiva: xat I1w fQ(JJrLXtj JrQOXAT/OT/.»

Kru YLCt ru; aYYEA6(loQCPEC; YUVflLXEC; TllC; E>waaAovLxT]C; OT](l£LWVEL:

«Ta xooitoui T17; Jr6k,,; tu: ta rpfyyaQima JrQ6a(JJ;ra eivai ~Aa naveuooipa xai BEAUT[Xa. Owv fL~AOVV, f..lCTQOVV W Jr_QO(JOX17 ta AOyta JrOIl (3y6.~ovv am) TO oT611a TOVs. W -:a aHAJrva, f..l?QyoQ~~ raQEvw 66vrw. 000 yw ta {lOAAt6. TOV~, eivai ocv HI VVXTa xciaucuoa.»

1\AAO';; Eva£ JT£QLT]Yl1Ti]C; TOU JtEQ(W~LEVOU cuovo., j301.J,A£1JTiJC; TT]C; JtQOOOE1JTLX.i].;; naQeXtcx1;ll';; TOU PC1LX01C!.X tT]C; rEQ[laVLac;, ~ ouyYQacpEac; KaQA Mrtodouv, rtou EJtL0xtCPTT]X,£ TT] GWOf1AOV~XT] to 1875, ovcueoc oru; AEJtT0WQELC; JtEQLYQ~(PE';; '(La ~a [lVT]!lELa TT]';; n6AT]';;, to; i]8T] xm TL';; 01.JVnfl£LE';; TWV xcrorxcov, YQacpEL yw U£ y11- VClLXEC;:

. «Oi fUryvir5Er; TT}C;; ewoaAovixTJ~ e{VQL EV f..lEQEL uaAAovE~ Jr_Q(VHIe;; TaSE(J)C;;. TEWUcl ow TOirQxma ALf..l6.VW "" ow, fAA17VtXa,VTJaux TOV OQXlJfr:Aayove;;, non {3Qiaxovrm axop;17 VJr~ tnv r]fLW£A1J~ VO, EiV(J.L Ot EAA1JvibE~ xani ueoov OQOV JrOAV:rnO 0110QrpE~,JraQa oro E6arpos TOV {3aatAEiov, 6Jrov [yeb, xcoa T~V XaA7} fL~lI ~EA 170T/, beV xar6QBwaa v' avoxaAvtjJw Evav EBvlUO EAAr]VLXO TVJrO yv-

vaixeuu; 01-10QQ){(Xs·»

H O[lOQ(JJLa TllC; L;rJ.AOVLXLeX£ £LXE EAXUOTLXn cpn[ll] Of OAE';; :LC; n;QLOXEC; TOU EAAT]VW!lOU, orto TOV nOVTO XC1.L rnv AVatO~LXTj 0QaXYi W£ TT]V 'HJtELQO xm TT]V KQi]TTj. 0 Aa'Cxo,;; 8au!lao!l0c;, '(La Tl]V O[lOQcpLa tT]C;, YLa tT] [lEyaA l] nOAT] zrou tXEL OAU :axaAOUCl~a YLa TO Y1JVULXELO m6ALO[lC1, cmOTUJ1(DVnm OE nOA~C1 i:lll~OTLXC1 TQaYOUClW. T60u nOAAa xaAATj EX01JV OUYXEVtQW[lEV~J. navo: TOUe; ~l xonEAE';; tll';; GEOoaAOVLXT]C; rtou on:eXvLa ouvovr« xaVELC; ncoouoic OE eXAAEC; JtEQLOXEC;:

Ot QmjoEs OL 20AOVLxufc; XOLf..101~JVrm tu. TO 6eiA~ XL YA VXQIIS1JWQ(iJVOVWL tu. rTJ YA UXLa oQovaOVAa

28

Xt Jr_AEXOVV m ,uOAAOVOYW TOVs yai:ravw xat mpovvrvAw. TQ(VVE TOV ,uEAWV TOVV avB6, am yaAava qouounivu

xi ue; am AWOV{lEw!;of3yaivovvxt aLQywvi';;ovv.

2:' Eva ~QaxlW,tLXO 1Qayouol OL yuvaLx££ lYJe; 0£OoaAovlxYJe;

OUYX£V1QWVOUV oAa ru rrQOTEQi)l-taTa TT]e; LocxvLxije; vucpne;:

Mava u , ov vu»; avvra';;crat vVcprJ yw va at cpfQct vvxm mAwv£l T' aAovyov, vvxm TOV xaAlywvH naiovei ol!;a TOV KOVAtVTQ6, ';;lQ(Ja tn l:aAovviXrJ JfOV 'XC{ tu; x6QEs tu; AtyVfS, r ' aJfaQBt va xoooaaux

va (JQEL xouoaotou acpiA1}T01J, xovoaoiou {lavQov{lar'xov va 'xn TOVV JjAWVV JfQoaOVJfOVV Xl TaV CPl yyaQ' 00rJj8wvv va 'XEl TOll uat: oav lAla, TOll CPQVI:'n 00 yai'ravl

TOV c56ALOV rov {laT6xAm)01J oav xQoa' OJfOV uavtis»:

;Ev~ TQ~YOUOt a~o TYJV TQLrrOAYJ lOU IIovTOU iJLAaU ylU 10 rao

YAUXO (PLAL rtou f)Q11X£ 01n YUVULXU coto Tn 0woaAovLXTr

Eyw JfOAAOVs EcpiAwa XfQOVs xai navtoeuevoix;

xai JfaJfablE~ xai xaAoYQuf~, TQaJfaBt:va xooaoia,

aav T1}C; l:w{larac; TO CPLAiv yAV1Cl'TOrov&V1]UQa ... l:m{lana xai Saiurttavn xa: asie TO l:aAovixl v.

H cpij!-lYJ rrAavLElm xm OTYJV 'HrrELQo:

Kdrov am l:dA(vva, orr} l:aAovix1] f3yai vovv Ot 6,uOQcpEe;, aEQvovv xap/tQL

IIOA~a oxoun oT]iJonx6: lQayoUOta nou wayouOLODvlav one; JtAa:ELEC; lWV XWQlWV TlIe; Max£oovLac; !-llAODv !-lE 8auiJao!-l6 yw rc xaAAYJ TYJ£ «LaAouvLXl(~e;».

OL £QwnXE~ 0XEOEL£ cvoueou OE aVUJIaVTQa ~euyaQLa nrov JtQOf)AlI~anxEC; JTQOJTOAEiJ,LXa xm o,YJ 0woaAOV(,XYJ, XL autrl II OUOXOALa, £l;LOaVtXEu~ toy EQWla !-lEoa ceto Ttl 01EQYJ011 Xm TT]V JTQoOiJOVlI, rrQoxaAouOE OuyxQOUOELC; XOLVWVLXE£, u.' Eva AOYO

o 'EQwC; oXEJtEL lYJV rrOAT]

29

EQWtLXij 0XEOT] AOYL~6Tav !-lOVO ami) rtou £LXE aiJ,EOYJ JTQoo:rrnxi) 10 yaiJ,o. OL 0lliJ,6OLEC; EAEU8EQ£e; OXtOEl£ OTa £QWTLXU ~Euy6:QLa EYLvav arrOOEXtE£ rroAD r:J.Qyri, iJ,6AL£ OtYJ O£XaELLU tall '60, iJ,£ U£ LOEOAOYLX{;e; xm XOLVWVLX{;C; aAAuYEC; nou auyxA6vLoav tYJ V£OAaCn 1:T]e; EUQulJtlle;, JTaQCt 111 f)lmYJ r:J.va01:oArj zrou axoAoD8T]OE ow XQovLa IT]£ aJTQLALavi)e; XO\IVTae;.

H JtuQr:J.oomaxrl oUVTT]QT]TLXij T]8LXij YLa TOV EQona EoJtal;e iJ,OVO oe rrOAEiJLX{;e; n:EQlOOOlle; X(U moxEe; xOLvWvLXlle; xm OLXOVOiJ,LXll£ xQ(,aYJC;. 6JtOlI 10 EQwTLx6 "PLA TQO aJtmEAoDot: r)UAaaiJo ornv oouVYJ. TO 6.YXor:; XaL 1T] 01fQT]0T].

TETOLa EQWtLXl'j EAE1.J8EQLOTT]Ta oT]iJ,('L(i)8YJXE ern 0woaAOV(,X11 ore XQ6VLa rou MaXEoovLXOU Mstconou xm 1YJe; iJLXQamanxl'je; X(1tr:J.otQocpije; iJE TYJV JTOA1JriQl8f,lT] JIQOoCPllYLri, orn YEQ"WVlXtl xatOXtl xm ro XQOVLU 1011 EiJ,"PUALOU. L1(1 XQ6VLa toll MUXEOOVLXOU Metconou, T] fOQa tou 01QatYJYELOU lne; Avtrrvt orn 0£OoaAOVL1.tYJ rraQatELVE rov XOoiJOrrOALUXO xru rroAue8vLX6 xaQaX111Qa tT]£ n6AT]£ XaL T] rrUQOlIOLa XlAL6.6wv SEVWV CltQatL{lHWV JtQOW8nOE to 6LE8Vtl a.yoQaLo fQW1(1 iJE U£ nOA uE8vLXEe; rr6QVEe;.

I

! I

'i

;

!

«OAr; ot wovAE; T1]; BaAiCavLxJj; ro f1vQiar1}xav XaL YLWTaL TO EAa va oa;», OT]f,lELWVEL 0 LTQattl£ MUQLI311Alj£ ow I)LI)ALO 101} JtOACf,lOlI H ';;cm] EV tiupco. «Il aoatnoave T1]V f1Jfovyaoa iCOL TO acpovyyaQ6Jfavo, X{/-tLsav xata ow xa: staouruivovv tu; XOiCOT£;. Eiba uux {lEO a OVQ EYYAf';;ovC; CX!;LW,uCXTlXOV; JfOV E£xavE itaoe« JfEVT' E!;L (XJl'C) bavTEs. M1]v !;EQovra; JfWC; va UJfaaXOA1}fJovv /-ta~i T()lJC;, Tls tmoviC(iwaw: w aXQLf36 cpaYLa xai oaustaviec xal YAvx{ouatc. Tu; dXavE f3aAEt uxocoia TOVs xaBE ti JfOV ea uitooouae va ,uaanfJce, yw va rov; capnoovv rjallXovs v ' aAAo~ovV sv £LQrjV1} WC; ora OOVTW ra f1ovoavAAa(Ja TOV;, XWQis va rove; EVOXAOVV. K [ autec; TQwyav£, TQwyavE TOV:rrEQ{(jQOf1o. /-t ' OAr} rov; TnV JfQOaubvia /JaAxavl,xrj neiva. Htav Of3QtEe;, l:AO(J£C;. AQ,ufvwaEs. PW,uLfC; XOL AE(Javr{vE;, aaiC1},ur; xai xoxounoviauouevec, JfOV ovaueoo rovs iCaAa xaAo &v uitooouoav va aVVEVV01}(JOVy ... »

o EQW1(1£ 010 IJ,EOoJt6AEf,lO EOQaaE we; (lV'dOOlO orouc aAAEJtCtAAYJAOUr:; JtOAE!-l011e;, TT]V OLXOVOf,lLXrj UVEXELa !-leta 1YJV rtuoxcYLa rou ' 17, TYJ oQuf,lauxtl!-lvl1f,lYJ tYJe; tQayw6(u£ TWV JtQoacpuywv xm IT] !-lL~EQYJ ~wij oru; rraQayxoauVOLXLE<; tYJe; vEae; rra1QLOae;.

30

LW ACWJtCiJiJtva £j.lJ1£6a TCiJV JtUQUq)(DV Tljt; JtOAr]£, OJtOU cveorruX8r]XflV OL nQOOcp"JYLXOL OUVOLXLO[,lOL, 0 EQCiJTUr; On XCt[,lcp8ljXE uno w; OlJOXOAEC; ouvBiixE£ }Cal OTr]V n6Alj OL JtQoocpuYOJtOlJAEC;, [,lE Tl1V TOflXm VLCt, Tr]V JtflQu6oOlax~ EQCiJTLxii uLo8r]Olj Tlje; AVUiOAile; XaL rnv UVE~aQTljOLn TOUe;, OLEQQljl;UV tn OUVtljQllTLxi) EQWTLxi) creon TCiJV iJEOOflOTWV XaTOLXCiJV TllC;.

H AYYEALXn MnuAALvou OLVEL ue [,lEAUVCt XQWWHU mv EQCiJTLxii EAEU8EQL6TllTU om 8woaAovLxll mv JtEQL060 1011 ueoorcoxe[,lOU:

«Anoootaieuta XaL ootpava xooaou: anva Ei5rJ/.U01JQY1/0EV 1/ stoooansvu: wUQCl1](Jav eu; T1/v!liClTJV, TTJV xQamaA. TJV, TTJVaXOA.aoiav, TTJV nooveiav, TTJV EA.EvfJEQav stoovtiav aVEv JrEQWQWWvv. KaL 6L' aVT6 xata ra~ aoesnvoi»; xoonavto; vUxm; TO CI{a/.-Ux XaL stooxavtot; EL; m~ anoxevtooo; obou; xca ta atevoooxaxa rjro cxnoxQovonx6v eu; (!(J}Qciav ~t oywv.

»KaClE OXOTEL vrj ywvla EJrQOOU1rEVE XaL m':QtEClaA.nf itaoououx avoua !.;E1.JY1/. Kat autoi o: JrEQi(30A.OL rniv vawv xamvtnoav EQu)TtXa EVTfVXTrjQW UaL xataonrvu: EQ(lJHX(/JV EtbVA.A.i(ov. T011- TOV EVEXCV Eb{1/0EV 6nw,;; oi eiti TQOJWL XaL VEf1>x6QOl va XAElbciJvovv tat; E!;wfJuQa~ nov {EQt(W TmJTWV JrEQL(36A.wv, nQo~ aitotpuyrjv XaL fWTU{(JJOLV rwv aat,uvwv r01JrWV ovvavntaaov. Axoui; XaL eu; rov; UEvTQU{mJ~ r5Qdf1ov; JTQooE(36AA.ETO T] TJfJtxrj, oi bE r5W(36TaL rvxa{(v; 6LEQX611('VOl EaTQ[(pOV aU01} TT]V uErpa). rjv ... »

TLe; (')lJ0XOALEe; TOU EQ(J)TCI xm TU JtQo(lAi][,lUTU, rtou Oll[,lL01JQYOlJO£ o[,lCiJe; 0 XOLVCOVLXOC; JtfQLY1JQOe; XCH l] (Tllyx1JQLaxi] JtOAL nx~ XaL OLOLXljTLxii f~oPoLa om EQ(l)TLx6 ~EuyciQLf1 Tlje; Jt6Ar]e;, JCEQLYQciq;EL YAWPllQCt (1 AEwvL6ar; ZTJ<Jl(i611C; ow i3Lj3ALO TOll GwoaA.oviXTJ, oaa tJvp6pw:

«at (36), tee. nOVA.E;, XaL Q[ uaVTct&·; ntav nQoEoQTLa. To estouevo ("3rjl1a rjmv ta oavtukn: Iieoxarooocqu: 0 xa(JEvar; XWQwra xai nTJya{v(X{LE atou DW()AOV T1] {L((V(1 vui va ustooeoouiu: va avr(1f1(lJOOV{.!E TO XOQiTfh uai; Kat. yw va maOT01}pE «xo TO XEQl, EnQEJTE va Aovrpa!;ov{LE raai'Qaba eta oevtoa XCXl rov~ Bcuvoi»; wv 2:ELX So», f] am ,.1lfAOXLa tnc; naQaA.ia; OTTJV ryAExrQ~xrj, rj otu; aXlEr; nov QixvavE ta Ei3Qa(,xa uvmuita xa(Jw; rjmv vnEQv-

I

I

·'1

o 'EQCiJC; aXEJtEl lTJV Jt6All

31

1jJwfLEva oav aQxa{E; oaoxocxivo», onov rjmy a{yovQo on oe fJa vnrjQxavE JTEQaonuo{ va iuu; (jet xavEva uat: ...

»0 eocouu; T1] uaxaoia aVTrj EJrOXrj, xtu. tbiw~ aito to '36 XaL uet«, r,mv vno T1]V f:JU ri)QT]Ol v, roy t'A.EYXOV xci roy ouovuov TTJ; aawvof1ia;. t1otJdoTJr; TT]~ JWVfAA.TJv{ov avayW.tlQioHV; T1]~ ryfJtxf]~, a,Ua UaL T1]; T]8lXrj~ a!;{a; Tr}~ naQf-JEvia;, averEfJ1/ T] bWqJuAa~rT TTJ; OTTJV aoruvouia. AVTC) onuaivei oti Ot XWQorpv},oxer;, tpoouooi TTJ; nf111; OA(.tlV uac, abEA.rp(lJV XaL JWTEQ6bwv, nQot'{3mvav xaui taxtixa bwaTrjpara oe "EmXElQrjOflr; aQETrTr;"· ETOL A.EyavE EJTioT]{w W 6YQLa ywvQouaw TTJr; aotuvouicu; ra (3Qctbw. OQf1OtJaE ara JTctQxa, aro ba(Jo~ rou 2:ElX 2:ov, ora EfJQai'x6 {Lvf]uuro XL UAAU1.), ortou 0 cpul.lxaQ(XC; 0 £QWTm; ~rrrolJaE XaTacplJylO. ExaVE ~aqJVlut; ELa(30AEr; Xl 6voqE XWQi; noU6 noU6 ta ocouatia nvv ~Evoc5oXfiuJV TTJ; EyyaTiar;, via va stuuiu. naoovoua !.;EVY<XQW eta xoaoa. Kt aMfLOvo av bEv EixEr; va EJnbEi~w; ate(pavOxCtQrL. IE TQa(3ovoav ue a:n:Qw!;tE~ oro Tunua "&6 TT]V El;axQi(kvmv TT]; mvr6TT/W~". Iitivo» am stavxaxi« rov naoxov; oro rEQf1U TWV A('WCPOQElwv rov IELX Eoi: 1}mv axaA.wf1EVTJ WQi/J.V1] HI; KOlv6TT/TO; T] rpQ6aTJ "AnayoQEuETCU &6 'EVyaQ6xw", too»; JroUot va TT/ fJVfl{)1JVTCtl.

»Mf tnv rfA.E01] rov y6:fLOV, oov 'bLVE o nanai; TO arcrpavox6Qn OE buo cvttvoaca. LTG bevn:Qo fixe wnwfL{v1] TTJV Ev&tl;TJ "t1w:

TO I;EvoboXfiov", (VOTE av lT11YaL VE; ral;{b[ TOV {LEAL wr; 8a TO 'DElXvc~ amv ~Evoc5clXO Ul avro; tJa aou '&vc TO XAw)i, XWQi; OVVEnElBr; O'lJT[ via at'va {)1JrE Yl ' avn5v ... »

ME EJtaYYEAf,l(XtLxii El101IvnOl]0L(t XaL E[,lJtELQLn XaTUYQUtP£l TYJV CiV1JJT 01.1' iorrm W.tL Jt (X)f)A YJ[!UtLX f] 10 Qwn x f] ~(J) f] Tr]e; VEO Aa.La: e; :it QL V am) TO O£l)TEQO JT6AE[,lO 0 YLCHQOs K(r)vomVTLVOe;-XQLOTOCPOQO-; PoooxavuxTJ£ OTO BL[3ALO TOlJ IcTwQiE';; pta; xa{LEvry; yet TOVtct~ ~ avancx).a{(vmll1E naQaA.Aa!;n;, VOOTCtAYLX~ avucpogCt OTTJV civisTOAlX'i] GW(J(XAOV(XY] XctL oru; EQWUX£C; 8UcrXOALEt; TTJt; VL6TllS;·

«Huaatav aXE&5v clAm, tu: xaJrota YELTOVwoarl «~EvrJ» ano 6Ury nEQlOXf], %aT6 xaiooix; EQwU'VfLEVOl. a Eva; f1E pta Nitoa. o aUo; IJE uux eEAl1a, 0 TOiTO; W fLW BovA.a, {TEQO; fLE TT/ ZWQt;im, xanoux; fLE TT]V Mnuivxa xai a.UoL (JT6vra Eva; JrQo~ uia, XWQ[; va ovvoxrticovtai) {LE Tr}V Msteum; TT/V AA.tYXQE, Try 2:qd-

32

XQLOTO<; ZacpdQY]<;

A1}, T1}V EU1}, T1}V A vva, T1} Fasateia, T1} XQuaovAa, T1} LO(pOVAa, T1} Mioavta, T1} Baoos, T1}V HQ(/), T1} LOUQJrOVrj, T1}V BAtv1}, T1} Zltoa, T1}V nt Tf;;rj, T1}V II6Jr1}, T1}V Toonoib. T1}V Taooosa, T1}V AA£xn, T1} MaiQ1}, T1} <PaTtIJ.i:, T1} Zwi}, T1} MariA VT1}, T1} Tecoovia, HJ Nivn. 0 xaT6.Aoyo~ ntav, (3UlffTE, uaxoix: oi fQwTtxit;, ouo»; lfQd~w;, aa; lJef3mu)vw, AtYOOTi;. H lfA.HOv6T1}W TWV "f;;wyaQtWV" lfaQE/1fVE OT1) aVVTO/11} exeivn /1fwYV/lvaawxrj xeoiooo, Of &0/10 "av(JVlfoOWWXTtXOV" TVlfOU; MtAOvoaVE lfOAV, xai"OoAoytOVTOvoav T6.XaTf'; aateia oro <paVEQO, nnvaivave lfEQtlfaTOV~, XOA lJ/llfL, (3aQxaoa, 1}WQrjOlE; EXOQO(J..E,; alf6 TO l;1}WQ(u/1aW we; m vvxm, /1ETeixaVE OE XLV1}TLXarj xoncotix« If(1{XV{OW, maVOVTOuoav XeOt XEOL rj ami TOV~ W/10U~ xai noostavto; aAA1}AOlfElQaf;;oVTOvoav /1E VlfOVOOV/1EVa, YEAwvmr;; W· tu; d)Q£t; XL aJ[() xaQouxr;; (J..EXQL oaxQv(uv. <PtA.to/1aamv onavia, EWiJ Ot xEtQa1piEr;; xca. aUE; cStaxQtTtxir;; encupe; titav otnv 1}WQi}ow oiata- 7;1} ... H {J.O(}<Pi} autn WV eoon«, (J..E aute; nt; lfOLXiAlJi; E";C<PoaaHt; xai eapavoeu; Jjmv TOT£ 1) 1[[0 OVV1}()W(J..EV1}. H xafJ1}/1EQL vrj 1j!Vxo&aV01}TLxrj ovvtupeio: TQEvaQLf;;E X(1{QO, xa(Joao bEv l;dJv/1mvE noocooa /1E £VXOAEr;;, ovxvir;; xca lfArjQ£L~ ocoucaixe« oV{J.{J.Ei!;t:tr;;.»

KaL. OVVI':XLsa: «Tui va AEW; ouo»; TTJV aArj(JEW, VlfJjOXE xai "6txAEioa aotpaseiac;" uc "lfaQaAATJAOvC; !3iovr;" rj aAAlwc; "&lfArj f;;(uJj"; Oi lfl'QWOOT£QOL neoaoau« am> "ostitu:" ";CQv<pa Jj extonua, lfOV EiXav";Cat xeouavxavat» (Cf.O. to XY][.llXO OluA uuc Yla TY]V UYlZLVi] TOU cntl[.laTOe; [.l£TIX TY]V £AEU8EQY] EQwnxi] JtQUSy] [.lE TY]V rtoovn). «MEQLxoi l'Lo!3aAavE oe aAAa vlfaUJjA.(vv";C(1{ a7;LW{lanXO)V JrOV catououtcave, rj If(1VTOJ[(uA([)V sun) uovo {lEA1}{l(1 Eixav T1} flaVQr] ayoQa. Ilttvave ae aBEam {J.E:QTJ, !J.E tpmvei; ioox; xai aoQWOTEr:; TOvoQ6/.wv, (1AA.6. xat iu: xau "ai5L";Cr]{lEVfC;"xa(JaQer; VOtxoxvoec; Jtov onjJCHlaav£ yw AiYE~ {wanxec; i;aJtAEC; /1£ via, VYLrj X(1[ xa(JwalfQElfEt x11QLO, xat TOV rarr;;avf TOV JW VA LO V TO yaA(1- navTa ... ueta. Ilou ta ()Qiaxav ot OOAWt; rooo nOA1Jnfla noauata, TeTOw ElfOXrj! Eva; OVO wXEQoi steoave Xat ae lfAovau;c; xrjQEC; ... »

H OExan(a toll '60 dVaL Y] xOQl){pata !lEtaJtoA£[.ltxi) ItEQLOOO<; Jt01l aJtoxaTE01:y]of TOV EQwTa. H veoxcto, IJ,£ TO 6QalJ,a TOU XOLVWVLXOU IJ,ETaoXY][.laUCfIl01J, OLEA UOE n<; JtaAlE<; JtfJtOL8i)CfU<; JtOU dxav JtE8UVEl CfTY] OExanLa TOU '50, aAAa JWQEIJ,HVaV w<; OXta-

33

XTQa Y]8lXOU EAEYXOU oxoun 011<; JtUAl6TEQE<; YEV~E<;. Oi JtQOYCWlaLE<; EQWTLXE<; oXEon<;, OL ayxaAlE<; XaL 'ta onuootc CPLAta, CPUOlOAOYlXi] OU[.lItEQLCPOQa [.lE W oUYXQOVCl IJ,ETQa, 8zwQouvwv yw xstvn TT]V EJtOXi] Y]8lXYJ JtQOXAy]OYI.

OQa[.lam XaL '\jJE1JOaLo8tlOHS; "ty]<; EQOHLXYJS; aAAaYtl<; corotumo- 8y]xav OTa TQayouOla, JtaSlc1(1Lxa [.lTCA01Jt" avnJtoAE[.llXU xY]Quy[.la"ta XaL (lox EV"t goA [.lE fXJtQOOWJtou<; tou; Mm"tA<;, TOUe; XLm<;, TOU<; fJtUVaCfTaTY][.lEVOU<; VEOU<; TOU Men tOU '68, "ty]<; AVOLSY]<; TY]<; TIguyQl; XaL. torv aVTLJtoAf[.llXWV OlaOllA<l:ICfE(JW YLa tOY rr6Af[.l0· TOU Blf:TVU[.l.

H XOlVWVLXi) XaL EQ(.t)TLXtl ETCaVaCfTaCfy], zton EcpTaCff [.lE xa81JOTEgY]Oy] [.lw<; TQlETLUe; ornv Enaoa, aJtox6TCY]Xf ~LaL.a TY]V cvoi~Y] T(1) '67 cno TY] XO,)VTa TWV CHlvwY[.laTaQXwv, ItEglOQLsovTa<; TY]V xmamWIJ,EvY] VEaVLXYJ E~aQoY] oro [.lOllOLXU aXQoCt!lma, fAArlVWV xm ~EVWV veoxoucrtxcov XaL. «YltylE6wv» Cfuv8ETWV XaL TQayollOLOTWV, CfE JtEQL8wgLUXES; uouoixe; EXOy]AWOEle; XaL o rn AOYOXQL[.lEVy] SEVY] £Loy]owYQacp(n.

IT1JQi]VCt<; TY]<; maV(lOTaTY][.lEvy]<; 6EXCtET(,as; CfTY] E>£OCfcxAOVLXy] i1"tuv Y] JtoAl)U(n8[.lY] VEOACXLCX, CPOLTY]TE<; XaL. lJ.a8Y]tE<;, TCOU E~Am£ n<; EAEU8EQE<; fQWTLXEe; 0XEOfl<; XaL TY]V Ctv8wy] TOU EQonu W<; aVTLo(laoY] 010 crovtnorrnouo TWV JtCtAlOTfQWV YEVLWV XaL crtoxctcorcon fVO<; xaTaXWvLaCfIJ,EV01J XOLVWVlXOU ayaSo').

XlALUOf<; VEOl EQW"([UTT)XCtv [.lE 101.1<; i)xou<; TWV AVl[.lCtA<;, rou AVTa[.lO, TOU AA Mnrrvo, TOU <l>Qavx LlVCtTQ(1, T01.1 IToA Avxn, TWV Mm TAe;, TWV POAl vyx Lt6ouv<;, toll 'EA~L<; TIQLOAc'C, OTCX XaT' OLXOV JtaQn [.lE rc mxuJt rtou EJtUlQVUV JtOAAOU<; [.lLXQOUc::; 6(OXOU<; TWV 45 orooqxov, ue 0£Q[.lOUT, sY]Qou<; xagJtou<; XaL. CtA[.lllQa [.lJtLOXOta. Ta Jtagn CfuvE0aAACtV OTY] ouvrpotprxot ntc TWV ouo (pUAmV XaL TY]V XOLVtl '\jJ1JxaywYLa CtYOQlWV XaL. XOQlTOLWV, xa8wc::; oi nouQLTaVLXEC::; JtfJtOL8i1CfEL<; olaxwgLt,av, oxoun CfTY] OExanLa tou '60, TO Yl)!J.vuOla CfZ aQQEvwv XaL. 8y]AEWV, W TO (J,a8y]TLxa JtY]Al]xla XaL ne; ~mAz IJ.U8Y]TLXE<; JtOOlEe;.

TIuQaonoo<; rcov CPOLTT)TCDV i]Tav oi unoixrt, X9-[.ly]A6cpw"t0l xwQOL, Of JtaAla aQXOVTLXa, urto XCnZ6aCPLCfy], OJtW<; OL BaTQaXOt OTT] YEa JtagaALa, XaL Of l06yna rrOAVXaTOLXlWV, ono»; Y] J07XaL to A~6YEQfla. NEOL [.lE xL8aQCt EAzyav, OE uJtaAou<; tovouc, tpcyouola YLa rov £QWTCI., TY]V CX[.lCPWfWITy]Cfy] XaL TY]V emrvcoroon, 10 BUc:1ValJ, XaL TY]V OUToJtLa. An6 n<; [.lJtOU(Jt Ty]C::; E>EcwaAovLxy]c::; IJ.E

34

Tn .l'VVVEq70VAOXaL TO BtETV6p, vie YLEI;€XLVYlOf. 0 L'HOVUOllt; 'Lar3- ~6JtO'llAOt; XaL 0' aUTEt; OL xmamWj.1EVOL <POLtllTE£, IJ,E JtQOOXYlj.1a TOV EQWTa, aval;,YlwlJOav OLEI;OCOllt; OTYl xouvnxrj xntumson. TQayou/;ha TYl<; TI;,6av MJtaEI;, XaL rou MJtOj.1Jt NTlAav, Jt01) aJtYlxouoav TYl xaj.1Evll f.JtaVUOTaoYJ, aJtaA uvov tOY X(1YJj.10 tYJt; JtQOOcnltlxrj<; VEOAata<; rtou aYWVlOUOE YLa JtOALTLXiJ aSLoJtQEJtELU.

rVWQLOj.1a. tT)t; YEW; 8YlAl)XiJ<; 'talJt6TYJTa.£ ntcv T) j.1LVL qxnxrt« Jt011 JtQo~aAAE rc X(1AALYQ(1!lj.1a. JtoclLa TT)S; E>woaAovLxLUS; xm a.vaoTUH!)Vf, £QwTLxa OlO JtUV€JtLOtiJj.1LO, tT)V TOLj.1L0xiJ, ta xoQEUtlXU JtQwlva OtT) «Xa.~arl» XaL tnv AYLU TQlUCU xm rc VULtxAa!lJt 1-110 TOUS; OAIJ/llfWVt;, T011£ AWTOAS'XaL TOUS; tP6Q{.uyl;.

H EAf,ll8EQLOTT)TCt m(l EQWTLXU I;,W{rjj.1uta., otu; UQLOTEQE<; xuQLWC:; JtOAL tLXES; oQYUVWOEL£ «NEOAuta AUj.1JtQaxT)>> XaL «L'l.QOWH ELQiJVYl9>, JtQOXUAWUV TOV JtOUQLTaVLOj.16 TOll 6(~LOU XCtTtaTTIj.1EVOll, ott CrjBEV «Aaj.1JLQaXLOO£S; j.1E j.1LVL <pOUOTES; xru !l(11JQE£ xaATOE£ XQllOLj.10JtOL011VtctV W£ COA{1:I!J,UTU YLa vo JtaQaOUQOllV tolle:; VEOU£ OTa CLXTua toll X0j.1j.101IVLOj.101J» .. ,

H YEVLU TOll '60, trov «OLStL£», orcoo j.1E VOOtaAYLu XaTmpnJyouv XOLVWVlOAOYOL XaL amoJtTE£ EQaoTE£, avnfkt8j.1WE tOY XOLvorvixo QOAO TllS; yuvaLxae:;, UJtEAEu8EQwm: trJ qxrvruot« xm TOV EQwTa. Ot EJtOj.1EVEC; OEXC1.CTLEC; cU;11Qllvav EQWtLXU 'IT) OE-XaEtLa TOU '60, anu XWQL£ TO Jt(x8o<;, tT)V rrocotortooto; tll cpaVTaOLa xm tnv EUQYJIlGTLXOt1')Ta Exdv1')C; tYJ£ EJtOxr)t;, 'Ioox; 11 aSLoMYTJOll xuBE EJtOxne:; vc fJtT)gEol;,n(U crto 'Ill OUj.1Jttworj T1')C; j.1E T1') VE6TT)ta tou OXOAL(WTiJ, UAAa YJ «OLt;ns;» EXEL JtEQCWEL rue OTT)V LOTOQLa we:; j.10Va6LXO cpmVOj.1EVO OTTj !~EtaJtoAEj.1LXil EQWTLxil XOLVWVLOAoyLa.

o EPQTAi: i:TA KEIMENA

'E Qwn'£ O~U01')j.10L. OW~~tOUW~OL OE, OCPUI;,OV, t,a Xdj.1Eva rl oLaoco8EVW; 01'1') AUL'X'tl rcUQUOOOT), uv8of10AYJoav 01'1') E>EOOCYAOV(,XTJ, Ej.1JtvEOVW£ XaL ool;ritovwc;, VLXti)VTU£ to XQ6vo, JtOLYJT££, m:I;,OYQU<pOll£ Xat XUAALTEXW:£. AnOL OJ.1W£, JtO,ga tYJV EVTa.Olj XaL TYl j.10vabLxOTlltU roue, xu8YJxa.v UxutuYQa{POL xrn (nU1;tVOj.1YJTOL, j.1E j.1UQtUQE<; TOU EQwnxou Jta6011£ rc U~JlJXCl «vnxetuevo; EJUtllj.1f3La a.VUyAucpa xeu EJUYQal-Wma T'l<; !J,ETci 8uvcnov ~Wrl£ OtO VEXQOWCPELO tYJC; EuaYYEALCftQLac;, Of JWAta 6WIlUTW, VWVTEAEC:;, XQfr)UnC( XaL xa8QEJtTE£, La onoto [lEOW nov JtaAmoJtWAELWV avubLVOUV (loQena to COXL[laO[lEVO uQw!J,.a TOU EQWTU OE VEOU£ XQrjOTES;, rcou ta XQ1')OL!lOJLOLOUV WS; bwxoOJ.1YltLxa Auj3aQa oro; JtA<l<JtLXU Jt81;,U 6WIlUUO,. Ot bLa.OWO)l,EVOL lJJCCtL(1gLOL XWQOL, EQWTWVEC; xci Jt£QtaOtLXU XOJgucpw, 1Jrc01.j)rjCPLU Ct.YQOtE[lUXLU EJtEXtct0YJC; tWV OOQu<pogwv rc6AEWV tll£ E>WOUAO~ Vlxn£, Jtaga TTJV mavaAYl\jYrJ TWV L6LWV X LViJOEWV coto rc oovou[lEVU OW ucro , £:rtL!J,OVWV JtEA[latWOEWV otn XOQTaQta xm tn I;,oui;:,oUVtCt. tYJC; E7;oxilc;, Jtugu TnV aVUXUXAllOYl TnC; (bwe:; Egwnxll£ CPWVYJTLXrl£ XAL[laxae; -1jJL6UQOL, r1oyxnTa, XQUUYEC;- EXOUV (lJCOtUmiWH OTYlV mlYELu j.1vrj~tYl tnv XU80ALXrj JtaAAO[lEV1') EQWTLxrj qxovn Tll£ JtOAYJ£.

ICt6n1JtT) JtEgLrcTO)01') t1')C; JtQWtYlC; X((TYlYOQlO;<;, rtou 6LCWw81')Xf O£ XEL[lEVa. XaL JtOLrlj.1UTCl tTle; JtQWTYl<; AOYOtEXVLXrj£ JtaguywytlS; tYl£ E>£OoaAovLXllC;, aJtotEAd 0 EQwta<;-Jta6o£ TOU JtOLYJTiJ rt(OQyou BC1.cpOJtOUAOlJ IJ,E rnv JtQti)tYJ yuvaLxa. TOU, JLOlrjTQW Av80UAa 'LTa.6oJtOUAOU, nou JtE8aVE coto cpUj.1atLWOTj 010 YJALXLU 26 XQ6vwv.

36

XQLOTO£ Z?-CjJELQ11£

«H AvH01JAa uiJQa tu: TO YEQf..lfVO Xf/paAL TTf;; IlLAOVOC (..LE TO Havaro. 'ITcX61l0VV otn /lE01] r1];; xauaoai; TQCA6;; ueoa OTTfvalU:Aniota !J.0v. A;; nrav v« uitooovoe va naQEt Ilat;,t r1];; avr6 TO teXeirtoio uov (JU!J.lla. OW»;; EXEi V1] XOL tovoe ue r ' avoirt« T1];; uatui, llovaXa rov Bavaro» TO (JAEIl!J.ct. KL (5wv ano TO AEvxa tnc XEiA1] (Jyr,xe ro oreQvo1jJt8uQwlla nooc; T1] t;,wrj rour1], Qixr1]xa am yovara XL £Xwaa!J.E araxoavuo TO noooomo aro VEXQLX6 oi vD6VL. Q YAVXV /lOV tao ...

»Erpabotuu: Ilat;i ue roy stateoa {JOV ro rpEQETQO rw; XaL TO XQOtnoau» naw» ara yovara uai; a' 6ATf in fnaoQo(..Li) TOV autoxcvnTOV. Eixo oxovuxuiuevo TO uetoisto oro S1JAL vo xaAv!J./lo. Kat TO o:TtoW:arJWQo, 0 orEQv6;; anQtAtanXo;; 'ljAw~ enexpu: avaAarpQo;; navw ato llaAaXo tiupo rni; A v6lovAa;;.

L1ExaSL TOV !J.Tfv6~ AnQLAiOl!

AyaJT1]';, ELQl]VTf';, XwvLa.;, /laQruowv. Ev ayanTf !-lEVE.

Ev ELOrJV1] ovastaoooi; AEvxoreoo XLOVO~.

Eva naBD'; EiXE ndiavn.»

L.:111l'hc:u1EQ11 m:QLJtTW011, w£ CjJavLCW[1,C1 0111 Qll!.HJ.Y[!EVll ~LAO:

Mmrrvxc, lTEQLCjJEQEtC1L 11 QO[1,O:VTLX'r] LOtoQ[O: 111£ E~QaLOrrOUAa£ AAtVll£ !flEQV6:V1E~ [1,£ 10V av8urrLAUQXO lOU EAA11VLX01J 01QatOU L.:rruQo AAl[1,rrEQT11, rtou T11V EQWTEU811XE OTC1V Xaf)aAaQTJ£ EAEU8EQ(!ytt']£ [1,Jtr]XE T11V JtaQ<X[J.oV'r] Tll£ YLOQTt']£ T01) AYLOl) ~1l[J.llTQ(01) TOl) , 12 oT1l0woaAovLxTJ. 0 £1EQ600so£ EQWTIl£ OEV EYLVE O£XTO£ orro rn O1JVT11Q11UXr] Ef)QU'CXt'] XOlVWVLIl XaL OL ouo V80l ovuvxcOTllxUV vo. XAE CjJT01) V , xC1Ta Tll (1)vt']8ELa T1)£ EJtOXr]£. H <X01;t'] Ef)QaLOJtOUAct E(PUYE coto to ctQxovnxo Tll£ xm ncvroeutnxe tov uyarrllllEVO T1)£, Jt<XQa rnv EvTOVTJ aVTLOQC10l] tWV Qa(3Lvwv JWU OE (1)yxwQouoav ya[J.o ue XQwu<xvo. H AALVll OLECjJUYE an6 t1) vatLOTLxi) Exmo[J.(3l] Xat JtaQ&. Tl]V TQayu-:.t'] OOAoCjJovLa TOU natEoa Tl]£ NTLVO XaL T01.) C10EACjJOU 'tl]£ ITEVtQO TO 1943 01l] MElva tll£ ItaH<x£, mnvi)AOE W TOV aVOQa Tl]£ [1,ETanoAE[J.Lxa Cit11 Ola011[J.11 f~LAa [J.E To: ovoucr« Willa Blanche, Villa Bianca, non £lVaL xaQayuevo XaL OTOV nEOoo 1l]t; fsw8uQa£, 'tOY TUALY[1,EVO us AuyaQLE£,

37

XaL Villa Fernandez, xcvovtor; QO[J.avTLxE£ (:)6ATE£ oru; aAtE£ TOU NTEJtO W£ Tl] ofxanLa T01) '60, nou X6:8l]XE «no CPUOLX0 8avam, rrciv «no 10 Qt']!laYl-w rou OrtLU(1) tll£. MEt6: to Oovcto tll£ AALvll£,l1 aOEACjJr] Tl]£ Avvc-Ntvc, r(01) t,OUOf n<xvTQE[1,EVll aTO 110:QLOL, m.; YEVLXi) XAl]Qov6[lo£ :n:OUAl]OE rnv lOTOQLXr] ~LAa 01l]V OL)Wvsvsio TQLaQXOU XaL 'lOU LOAO!l0V Man6:X, OL ortoiot mQL6QLoovue JtWAi)OH£ to !lEy6:AO xnrto XaL EYXaTEA£L1.jJav 10 OtEQW aQxovnxo VCl £Q£Lrtw8EL, JtQOXEL[l8VOU vc Xn01EL OUYXQOV11rrOA1.1- xrrtoixto; 'E((10t£, 11 otOLXELW[J.EVl] coto tOY rr<XQaCjJOQO 8QIilTU (:)LAa Ql][J.aXtllXE coto rnv fyxaTaAeL1.jJ11 XaL rnv aVLEQl] rrQOXAll0l] xoTEOaCPLOl]£ TWV 'tEAElJTaLWV LOLOXTl]TWV, nou E:n:L8u[louoav v« 01.1- VfXlOOUV Tl]V O[J.OLO!lOQcpLa tWV rroAuc.0QOCPWV JtOAUXatOLXLWV 111£ AEWCjJOQOU B<XOLALOOYjt; OAya.; 010 JtfQLTEXVO aQxovnx6 TOU aQXLTEXtOVa ITLEQO AQLYXOVL H arrO:AAO'tQLW011 EV't8AH 'lOU Ql][J.aY[J.Evou OrtLTL01J nrto TYjV Iloxrtetc XaL TJ cotoooon TOU oro L'l.i)[J.O YLa rrOALTlOTLXEt; OQCtOLlJQLOtllTE£ !lETa mv cnoxcruoroon LOU, 6LEOu)OE [la~L [J.E 10 OnaVLO EXAEXTLxwnxou Qu8[J.oU aQXovnxo X(XL 10 8EQ[1,Ox1)rtLO 6Jt01J avflw£ 0 ooucvnxoc EQWto:t; rtou OUYXAOVLOE T11V XOL VWVLa 1l]t; 8EOoaAOVLXl]£ OTa rrQdna XQOVLa 111'; artEAElJ8EQWoi)-; Tll';.

To xaA1Jt£Qo EQwTOYQ6:CjJ11[J.a TTJ£ AoyonxvLxi)t; 8£Ooa)..ov(1(.11£,

o EQWto:t; EVOt; E(Pll~Oll Xal [1,La.; ax6[1,l] Ef:)QaLOnOuAa.; otc XQovLa T1)£ KatoXt'].:;, JtOU arrl]XEL TO ECjJlaA nxoSExAi)QLO[1,a 'tWV £(:)QULWV, dValYj Tcioxovta T01) 1.jJuxLa'tQOU NLXOU KOXaV1t,11. LTOV rtEQLYUQO tOU rroAt!lou <XVU.JtT1)OOnm Eva£ «reo tOU£ ruo OCPOOQOU£ EQUHE£ nou naQ£[J.HVE avaAAOLlilto£, Wt; rrQOt; TO na80.:; xm trrv EVTaOl] OTl] !lviJ[ll] TaU £QIil't[WlEVOU oUYYQacpEa, o»; Ta WQL[l<X XQOVLa nou arrOTlJrrc.08l]Xf Of (3L[3ALO:

«Tooio« ro nQ6owJ[o T1]~ :TtQO'; eueva xoi ro xoatnoa am XEQW 1l0U Xat rpiATfOa TO ctotux rTf~ Aai,.wQya, avimouova, ot YAdJOOE~ uca; va XVVTfYOVVE 1] uia T1]V aAAl1. T1] rp~Aouaa a' OAO TO nooocono ttboa, EW.v ta XiQw ~WV, am TVqJMx, sEUOU!-lnd.wavE to rpOQEIla tni; Xat TO TQa{3ovoavE xaTW ccto rov~ onun»; xai ro oioua 1l0V YAwrQovoE :TtQO~ ta xarO) XL avr6 xat rTf~ omaooa ta unoaroo XaL T1] qJiA1]Oa XL EXEL, otu; (..LaaxaAc,;, nov l]raVE uouaxeueve; axo roy u5Qwra xi EixavE tt; &X1] rov~ !-luQov&d xai T1] Cnxij rov;;

38

Y£1)01] J([ r}WVE EUlfQOO&Xro auro XL EQE8wuxo, xQarovoa ro otoua 110U EXEi, swo W xtQUX (.lOU eirave xcaostuurtei V' avoi;OVi'£ ro ar,,8o&af.lo inc; aAA' 1] j3LaaVVij (.lOU XHQortQEUE T1]V a&;LOT1]Ta (.lOU XaL natoenouovva 6&xa Ci>OlfOU, ue I1La YQr}YOQ1] EJfU5E;UX xivnon, otpaooe W X£QUX tnc; nioio ano TT/V lfAaT1] T1]~ XaL t:' avm;E 110Vij rT/~ -XaL XOVTnjJa va unv xQarT/8(/) orov xataAaj3a ti fiXE xavEL,1]lfQ08u{lia mc xa: 1] OV{l(.lEWX1j T1]~ suo EQEfJLotixec; XL cato ta YUl1va r1]~ arrj81]- XaL ro '[3yaAE XaL TO lfEm.!;f.' oro natioua XaL l;av6cpEQE rex XEQUX Tij'; YVQw (.lOU XL eXALVE itoc«; rex niot» vux va {lOV owon EAEVfJEQicx va XLv1]8w, rex aojfJ1} T1]t; oA6votXw uxoocui ora iuitia {lOV XL avimouova, XL EYW xa(.lJjsxooa ro XEcpaAt {lOV XW TO 'xwoa ovaueoa rov.;, [3vfHaT1]Xa exei XL Ct.Qxwa va 1.jJ6xvw ue rn YA(Oaaa uou, j3Qljxa TL~ QWYEr:; rour;, axoVQEt; XL Erot{).f~, xw tu; Qovcpr,!;a tt; uux W:Ta tnv dU1}, xoaTwvmr; tu; oro otoua 110V 600 XWQovaE XL acp1jvovT6r; TE~ JfCUL XL ene: ta Saw.! va ~1]raw ra XEiAW TTJ~, TO AaL{).6 tm; lfLow aJ[' T' autui T1]r;, TOUr; onunx; tu; wxaxaAB~ xai l;ava ta orrjfJ1}, ta WQt!La XL eoonix«. .. »

H EnaVaA(XfJ.~uv6[..lEVT] EQWTLKi] fVt(IOT] qnavEL ow «ztoxoouq:w[.tCt ALyo nQlv «no TOV [..lOlOCtlO unoxwQLO[..lO, O().Y V(J. i]6£Aav vc YE[..lLoouv OTOV EAaXLOTo xoovo rnv unorrreuouevn EQW1Txi] xm . oWfJ,cmxi] OlaAUOT):

«Toiu; ovo TEAEvmiovr:; {1rjvf:~ r}{).aowv (.la1.;,{ 6ao lfEQwa6rfQo Ylv6raVE, bool1EVot anessuousva 0 Eva.; OTOV QAAOV, /.lLAWVra~ nux Xivo, aAAa EJfLXOLWOVOJVWr; aTEvoTEQa axo xaBE aAA1] tpooa. K6vaIiE eocna oXf06v X(dJf ueoa, aWJJT1]Aa, aYQta, noocnaik». vrar; va naQoV/.lE xai va DtiJaovf,te 600 nQocp(Ja{vaw oro ALYO xaioo nov 1jrave ipaveoo oti uai; eueve, SEQovrar:; T(bQa on auto fJet 'raVE tu: 0, tt. Ba uevau», ro unoxataatato T1]~ ~Wr}; ua; f,ta1.;,( XaL TW; Evrvx{ar; nov BLxap.E OVELQEvrd, lfOV via Eva fnaar1]f,ta tnv fixa(.lB JTWrt1.jJEL iLa oivooon, rex ovo avra XQovw nov ta 'xaue 1.;,Jjaft JTEQnaTOJvra; lfavw am) TI] in 6mv tuu; XaQwrd lfEQWaOTEQo axo oao fJa unoocnio« xaveu; va fAlfion va (3QEl Of {lUX OADXATlQ1]1.;,Wr" XaL lfOVYL' avr6 EiXE tQ8Et uooa 1] (/JQa va nA:r/Q(l)OOVf,tB. Kooitci uou WU, ue xa nfAwQw YXQi1.;,a uatia, avaxn 6A1]r; r1]r; Y1];, xooitoi {lOV eooruxo XL cxyv6raro ... »

39

«Toix; Jf17QavB aQya tva tecto anoveuua ... KL »oieoa JjQ(JE 1] Tiioxovta XaL ara81]XE aitevavti uov xw ue xo(raSE wQa lfOAktj x: fiXf tuav evtaon r, {lana r1]r; aav va 'BEAE va iteoaoei ano ueoa uo». 'Exava TO [3it(.la JTOV tuu; XWQ~'f XW Q(XTr,XC atttv ayxaA~a (.lOV xai xoUljoallE ra otouaic uat; ue OA1] uas; rnv alTEAmaia xai TOV EQwra xai r1]vavaYXij, BXEi uxoooio a' OAOV~, xavEva~ AOYO; va xQ1J{36{laarc JTW, DE BtAa{lE va xQv[36WtOrE nux, ro TEAcvraio q:nAi I] bwx1jQv~7} r1]~ ayalT1]r:; uca; OTOV xoouov 6AOV ... »

Auro; 0 EcrT)j3lX6~ fQwmc; n01J £LXc oQu[LunxiJ xataAT)l;T) OtO xQ€[.tUtOQlO, j)(wuvtt,u 0' OAT) tOU tTl t,wi) to 01JYYQucpEa. Kcnore 11 !J.vi][LT) tOU a[.t<pwj)T]tEL H]V noCty[.tatLXOTT)ta xm 8O-,Ct rn BoiJ" 8elCt mrrorrrtov !J.aQtuQwv xm H]C; l010QLac; YLa Emf:kj3utwOl] tllC; unaQl;i]~ tTJ£. 0 auyxAovW[..l6e; ono to EQwnx6 OQa.[..lCt OOTJyd 'to aUYYQacpfU Ot1'j [..lEtUCPVOLXi] mom nwc; 11 Tt,lOx6v'ta O1JVEXLt,EL va SH [.tHE[.tljJUX())[LfV1'j·l'] we; UCPC1V££ i,xvo£ unuQl;T]£ ow xQaol, OE O£VLQU xm AOUAOUOlU, orov aVE uo. Etvci 11 nUQuAT)QT)[.tutLxi] nLOT1'j ttov EQCWTWV rtou XWQWCtV j3Luw., OTllV CJ.LWYLa unaQl;T) tou ayartnuevo» rtoooconoo, xrn YJ tQmJ[Lanxi] [..lvi][..lT] rorv EQWTE1J[.t£Y())V EAAi]vwv tT]£ Kmoxi]c; ue Ej3QCl.W:rrOUAE£ rtou OEV YUQWCl.V orto TO [.tEyaAo OLOT)QOClQO[.tLX6 wl;LC)L:

«H T~wx6vra E{VaL TWQa tva 6VfLQO. Ktuua ipoo« avaoanuiuca av VlfrjQ~E JTOTE XaL r6TE Qwn;) TOVr; yovEir; {lOU xat ta ~aofQCPW uou Cl.V r1] 8V{lOlJvrw yw va [3E{3al(o(JW. Kaston OT1]V A varoALXlj Feouavia, tva /.lEQor; r1]~ PJTOQEi axoun va fJr£,d (fro ({JAOLO Ev6S bEvrQOll, 0' Eva xouuati T1]r; Y7);. Oi (xvf)QWlfQ[ unooe! va tn uootcove a' Eva AOVAOV&, va tnv tinuive oro xooot TOVr:;. OL avcuoi, qJvowvrar:; 6Aa avra ta XQ6vw, unooei va rij qJEQaVf: nioo: otnv BAAaba xai va T7}V avmVEVoa oe uia teseutaia aovveiontn OAOXAtlQW01] ayanl]r;, La wyaAa yXQi1.;,a uatia, TO alfaAa La XEiAr" TO AEio OEQf.la, T1] (jQaxv1j qJuM/ ... To ytAW Xat m 8Ai1./J1] xai TOV £Qwra lfOV ntave AvrJj.»

Mic aAAll LotoQLo. EQwnxou n6.801JC; ovcueon 0' fV().V rrevnvroQYJ CtVOQCI. XL tva XOQLTOL OEXCtEVVLCt XQ6ywv, JW1J cvcornxrostct !J.E n().Qo.ot6n:c; fJ,aQtUQEC; tau EQwTa to VEXQa avnXELIlEVCt xm EmnAU naALWV omnLi}V 'tT)C; :rr6AT)C; 0' tva lJJ'toyao avnxaOLXO

40

TOU X£vtQ~XOU OQO!J,OU TTJt; 0£OO'UAOV(,XTJt;, UQXE~WV£TaL oto ~~_ BALO To naAmolU»Afio otnv Touuoxn Tllt; KwO'wuAw; MTJ'tQorrouAou. To !lU8LatOQTJ!J,U, acpLEQw!J,EVO «LTTJ IaAovLxTJ, rroATJ EQWUXtl '[TJt; ECPTJ~dat; uou XaL rou rr6.801l'; rtou rrE8aL va uovo ucst !J,E TO TEAOt; !J,at;», O'aQxoBoQo, 1:Qaxu XaL EVTOva EQUHD!.6, xu'tuYQucpu w; To XOLv6 TEAOt;, XWQL; uvaO'WAEt;, to aa(,yamo rru- 80; TWV OUO EQumwv.

o EQwTa; WUt; aOLuxOrrOt;, UQ!lOVLXO;, rrou El;LO'wvE ru; BLOA.oYLXEt; o~acpoQEt;!J,l.: TTJV EV1:UO'TJ;

«TOVarWE xai rr]r; cp~AovaE ta OaXTVAa eta n6&a TT/r;, Ta Aaxxaxia eta y6vara tnt; TT/V XOLA La, to 06o~ va aTJj8T/, TOVr; (Vf10Vr;, to uaua, TOOTdfW "TUJoanovr/08Er;8a!;avaox{awva';;-w"". E(XE X(VaEL TT/V XEcpaAa TOV ovaueoa ota aVOLXTa OXEAW TT/r; xai oov«ocoe TO ';;-£OT6 vY06, T1]V EV~u)aE va oitaotaoae: aav novAt, oovtpo voe, xauin: VE 6AOVr; rovr; XVf10Vr; TT/r;, xcapi« vyoa xai f1W u vOWDLa and AovAov&a rov ayoolJ, "eiaca vmiooxor;" xai to uatia TT/r; YAaoa roV!;EToEAavav. EnWE navw T1]r; YVf1v6r;, E01Jf10r;, andmaf1EVOr;, XCV81]XE{3a8La aT1] WIToa r1]r; xai xeivo TOALYWf1Eva ax TOV aAaAwSE xai !;avaoxwE ano UIV aOxJj, "a' avcauuo". To nooaomo T1]r; TEVTW81]x£ VnE(}/3oALxa axo rov [&0 ostaouo nOAAEr; cpO(}Er; xai f1ETa eneoe OAOXAf/Of/ cto XtVTOo TOV xavane XL EYLve iua 06& V1] {lnaAi Taa Xat XOV(}VWSE, "a' avanru»: xa: T1] cpLAovaE navioi) !;ETQEAa{..tEVOr;.»

Kanon: TJ VEaQtl yuvo:Lxu (PEUYEL l;ucpvLxa, orrwt; JIQwTotlQ8E.

Tn BQtlxE uO'TEQO: coto xaLQ6 0' eve V£XQOTO!J,ELO ErrEL to «rro tooxu(,o ouOrUXTJllu. TTJv rrtlQE YLa va m8uvouv !J,cxsL oro rraAaLOrrWAEtO rou EQWLa.

«ETQEXE f1E TO y1!f..tVO nayw{..tEvo xooui T1]r; xonEAar; 1./JT/Aa ara TEVTw{..tEva TOV xtQW aav Aa/3aQo xai niot» TOV aTEXOVTaV oioi«. sOVTar; XaL TOV XOLrovaav ot 1TEQaanxoi, "tu: n xaVE[ aVTOr;; TQt:Aa8f/XE; "sau. TOV tupnvav va 1TEOaaa, xaf)T/ACl){..tEVOt ana iua JW06!;EVf/ ovvaWl nov tTQEXE xai eou: yE f1asi f1E TO oouia rov, f1E ta inpcoueva rov XEQLa, ue ra aneo« ora no6ta TOV, ue ra uatux tou nov eotaiav aiua. "Eivai TQt:A6r;", xat rov aVOtyav oQ0f10 va JT£QaaEL.

:

I

'!:

o 'BQwt; oXErr£L TTJV rroATJ

41

» Etptaoe {3oyxwvrac; oto naAawnWAEio, xA6ra1]aE Tr]V 1ToQTa Xat f11Ti}Xf, a1Ti8waE{..taAaxa TO yVf,.l v6 uK xooui aTOV xavaiu: xai xAEiowac W Tr]V aunaoa. A vmjJE 6Aa ta cpwra XaL uovo T6TE, unooot« aT1] anaQay{..ttvf/ tx8fTT} yVf.lVW Tf/e;, yovaTwE XaL oVQAW!;E oe f1WV aYVWaTf/ YAwaaa 6Aa Ta TQvcpEQa AOYW ayaJTT}e; nov ra cpvAaYE xcuoo xm Tr]V 1TsQif1EVE va TT}r; Ta met. To rf/Atcpwvo XTV1TovaE avvtxna, otnv n6QTa {3QovTOvaE tu: uiooi; ° v6f10r; "8a anaoooiu: TT}V n6QTa, avr6 nov XaVETe eivai EyxA1]f1a, 8a n{..twQTJ8Ei rs naQaOel Yflanxa, avoisie. 8a {.tETQrjoovf1E'f1EXQL ro OExa, aQxis(Va{..ttawc;! Eva ... "

»Oi aacvvoiuxoi nov taitaoav TT/V n6QTa avr{xQwav oto nauoua tva aU6xoTO aVf1JTAEy{..ta: Iitivt» oro naA~6 xaAi ue TT/V EV&L~T} "1TwAdrm'; 0 avt.5Qae; vuuvoc; neouevot; dvaaxEAa, xQaTCnJaE OTf/V ayxaALa rov to ylJ{.tv6 xooui rf/e; xonEAae; nov axovuxovoe navO) rov fa f1JfQov{..tvra. 2:rof,.la tu: otoua, ari}80e; ue OTEQVO, xoou! ue xOQ{..t{, aXEALa {lfaXfALa, XaL XEi avaueoa ora nAovaw aTn(ha TT/e; VEXQnr;, tva naA~6 axaAwr6/AaxaiQl, f11TTJYuevo {3a8La otnv xaQ&a TOV avoQa, causto»; va TO 'aJrQwsE W neioua xiAWe; rpoQtr; XaL aAAEr; T6oEe; TO vExQ6 otoua iT/e; xosteAae;, nov tnAEE f,.lasi rov oto ~wT6 ax6f1TJ aiua rov.»

To cp8aQ~Evo OWWi TTJt; rr6ATJS, EQELJTLWvEt;, 6Q61lOL, rrA.Ct'tELEs, rrQooo'\jJ£Lt; om tuov rou ueoortoxeuou xm evcrtouet vovto UQXOvnx«, 8EQ~VOL XWtllluTOYQacpOL XaL rrE~ooQ6!J,~O:, ELVaL eurrortO'!lEvO alto TTJV EQWtLXll £ltacpn XaL a(O'8Y]oTJ nov OLaXQovLxWV £QwtEUIlEvWV xo:w(,xu)V TTJt;. Au'toL OL XA.oEQoi, OUOEtEQOL xaL Lowt; al;EvOL XWQOl, rruQaAA.aY!J,EvOL alto tu; rrOA.£Ooo!J,LXE; avurrQoouQ!l0YEr;, avaXaA.o<'lvTaL LO'6~w XaL IlEta 8avatov wt; xa!J,EvTJ EUTUXlct xm OLctXQOVLXr, EQwuxij a(08TJoTJ xm cxXUVO~OAOUV <tltU ut; XLALaoEr; rruQooOTr,O£L<; tllt; !J,V'tl!J,y]S ~<ilVtWV XaL uJlv£wtWV, urrouooqxovovrcc; O'UllrraOct mv rr6AY] XaL uS ltQooCPatct OOIlTJ~Ev£t; ctAavEt; tTJS Of rruyoAallltLOE; i] rrOA'UxEQlct rtou oxoQrrlt,ouv to 8ct[)WQLO CP())!:;.

H rroAulHQw!J,atTJ wlt0YQacpLu 101) £Qwto:, XO:taXW~LEVl1 1'] unEQyua, mWQtL'taL aotOltOTTJ OtTJV rrOATJ XaL uovo OE IlLXQ6ltooooto ctQXWJ)8Y]Xf O£ JtEsoYQucpout;, rrOLTJTEC:;, Xo:AA.V(ExvEt;. XOLVCOVLXOUt; xu'taYQctcp£lc:; xm (tITo!J,VTJ!J,ovEullatOYQacpout;, rtou arr01:urrwvouv trrv rrQoowJTLxij 1] CtAA.6TQLU aTO!J,LXt'j q.1ltELQLa Of

42

OTLXOU£, xstuevo XaL JI(vax£~, Ana Y] e£OoaAovLxY]6wow1;;£~ TY]V EgWtLX'll TT]£ TOJIoygacpLa XUgLW£ otnv EQWTLX'll JIOLy]OT], JIOU ELVaL «TO. JIQaXT~Xa tOU EQWHxoD 6o~ao!loD XaL ron 8gnvou», xma toy U[lV1]T'll TOl) 'Iueoo» HaL T1J~ ICAtvon6).1J~ KWOTl) IIaJtClYlWQYT]. Ot EQWTLXOL JIOlT]TE,£ NtLVO£ XQLOTLavoJtOUAO£, fLWQYO£ Ioxrvvou XaL AAE~T]£ AOAUVOYAOU xaTUYQa(pouv OTY]V «routX'll XaL XOLvwV~xiJ JtmT]tLXll T01)£. JtEQa aJto TY]V JtQoowmx'll EQ(DtLxiJ EmUXLU 'll OTEQY]Oy]. trj OLEVQuv6!l£vT] EQwnxi] TOJtOYQCJ.(pLa T1]£ JtOAy]£. aYQOTE[laXla, mlQXll, JtAaTELE£, OQOIJ.OU£. OLVE!la, XCDQOuc:; oaou «XOQTaoav EQWTU !J..E TY]V 'ljJuxi] TOU£». OL EQWtLXE£ ClvacpOQE£ TOU Ioiovvou XaL Tall XQLOTLaVOJI01JAOl), UJtAWVOVTaL o ' OAT] rnv UOTLxr) XaL JtEQ LaOTtxiJ 1;;wvY] TY]£ JtOA T]£ XaL EXTEta[ltva cotooncouo.rn XUAUJIT01JV ant EJtO/J.EVU XEcpaAaLU rn OUVOAT] TOJIoYQacpLa tnc:; E>EOoaAovLxn£. ALYOTEQE£ UVUCPOQEC:; xovouv 0 Tcxn£ BaQ~LTOLWTT]£, 0 !f!aLowv nOALTn£. 0 Mcotvoc XUQ(YAaIJ,JtOlJe;. EUOTOXE£ EQWTLXEe; urto !-Avi] ow; JtaQEl-tj3aAAouv OTOV XOLVWVLx6 JIQoj3AnlJ.unO!lO OL «JtOLY]TE£ Tne; iJnw;» MUVOAY]e; AvaYVWOTaxy]c:;, KAdTOe; KUQou XaL Ilrrvoc eaoLTY]e;. eoornxo EJtLXQLOIJ.U TaU £OWTEQLXOU XCDQOD TCOV EQwnxwv XUTacpuy(wv-OJtLruov xovovv OL VEOTEQOL IyvuTne; Xouj3nQoae; Xat AAf~avoQu MJIaXOvLxu. OL EAaXLOTE£ O[lWC; EQ(J)TLXEe; TOJt0YQIlCPLXE£ rrvorpogEe; TWV AOYOT[xvci)V (mAWe; LXvYjAmouv XaL bEV JtEQLygacpouv TO fUQOe; 'tWV EQW1;LXCllV XWQWV XaL JIQaYflatWv, JtOAAOL crto rot»; OJtOLOUC; anOLw8nxav 'll oLxooolJ,iJ8y]xav XaL aAAa xaTtAn~av OT f3LTgLvEe; JtaAaLOJIWAdwv XaL uouosuov we; ClY][lOOLU Ex8EIJ.aTa iJ 8aCPTy]XaV ow; 01JYXQOV[e; 8O:A600LEt; EJILX{DOELt; Tlls JtOAlle;.

TO PE<PPEN THI «QPAIAI eE~IAAONIK~AI» o fQQ)ta~ oro Qf!J.n:ft~xa xm tc VfO"CfQa tQayou6ta

QQuia f{!QVOLa UaL ,.wAAul xm A vyE()~ JloQ/Joaraaul' EXnc; Tmyy6vLXI] of1oQf{!L6, wQuia ewaaAov{I{ui,

XaL uov Qayi~fLC; TI]V xuQi5L6.

MIXAAH:i fENITIAPI-U:

Q()(;da 8wa(1}.oY,X(Ct

44

OUQ~o~OVT(U uno roue tQUY01l0Wt£~ ~E nOAA£~ TOJ[LX8~ nUQUAAUY£~ YLU va qJLAOn~tlOOUV TOU~ 8U!lWVE~ T01' toncu oztou TQUvouoouv, noAAa. QE~rr8tLXU YQ<XCPTy)XUV UQXLXa OTY) E>woaAOVLXy) UV(lcp8QOVTa~ tortou; xot rrQ6o(J)rra TY)~ rr6AY)~, 6rrw~ a:rrE08L~E 0 '2EVOCPWV Kox6Al]~. 2:TO TgaYOUOL TOU BaOLAl] 'I'orroovn, YLa rtoQ6.0Hy~a, 0 yaJLOr; tou Totroavn, OL T6rrOL tOU E>EQ~a'L}('OU «II(gaLa», «Mna~£ TOL(PALXL» XaL «E>woaAov(XYp, aVTLXaTaoT6.8y)xov UTY)V a8l]wx"Cx'l'j m:QLooo ~t TOV «I1EgaLa», TO «MtTa~ouQYEL- 0» xru TO «0rJOELO». 2:TY) E>woaAovbtl] dxav ~ETOLXi)OEl TO 1935 6AOL oXE6ov OL OUVB8TE~ tau QE~rrEnxou, j-lETa tnv xaTE66.cpwy) TOJV naQayxwv aTOV IIELgm6. XCt.L TO XUVl]YY)t6 ton !-lJt01)~OUXLOU, nou dXE YLva cro XQ6vw Tll~ 6LXT(nOQLa~ TOll METa~6. OllVWVUlAO ~E TlJV rraQavo~La.. 2:TY) E>woaAOVLXy) Ef}Qwxav ruo EUXOAa ClO1)AEl6. UTa QE~nETLXa ~aya~L6. TOll BaQ6<XQll, rn xacpE onvtnv xm to rr6.Axa TWV ITQOOCPUYLXWV OUVOLXlOj-lWV, xm xaOLOL, rtou £tXE TEBd EXt6~ V6~Oll, OTOlJ~XQ1'CPOV£; TEXtOE~, TOU£; !lUUQaYOQLTE~ xm rnv ooruvoutc, ~E XUQLO rrQoj-ly)8wTll OTa XQ6VLa T01' E~CPUALOU to oLaf}6y)TO OLOLXy]Ti) TY)~ aocp<XAELo.£; NLxo Mouoxouvrri, X01)!lITaQO TaU BaoLAy) Torrouvn, nou CJu~J[aeouaE LOLo.LTfgo. TOU~ g!.'j-lnETE~.

OL o.cpog~8£ E~J[VEUOY)£ TWV EQOHLX{bv TQuyoui'n<iN, JtEQU «no TYJ onxouQYlxi) maYYEA!lnnxiJ av6.yxY], xaTaygaq;oVTaL xm CJTL~ aUToBLoYQmpLf.£ T(J)V OUV8ETWV Jt()U txouv ouyMon TY] vE6Ty)T<X roue, OTY) ClExaETLa TY)£ aX~tl~ TOU gE~nETLX01', (lITO TO 1934 ~EXQl TO TEAO£ Tl]~ KatoxiJ~, ~E Tl] 8EOoaAovLXl].

.1

~ .i

«2:TT] 2:aAOV{XT] u , ayanaYE fA,W XEQ{3a», YQacpfL OTy)Y Avro{3wYQacpia rou 0 M6.Qxo£ Ba~Bax6.QY]~. «Eyev TIp; EAEya: TL OE;. QE XQWTWVrl, f.1aT;i uov; TL OEr; asto JLEva, wv viivaixa; Byr1J TT]; EAEya tnv akrjrJEla. OXt, OXt a' avasuo ...

»IrT] eW(!(XAoviXT] ywvQwa iua IOVAa JLE TT]V onoia YUQwa OAT] tn Maxeoovia ...

»H yvvaixa nov W /3orj8rf(!c Em rEAoll; va I;Exaaw t}wv T] (30llAyaQa T] IaAOVtXLa, T] EAAT]. TT] YW1JQwa (fro BaQr5aQT]. o' iva xaXOf{J1]JLo oixo. H ray Tevv 1]8(1Jv, nOllrava. M' ayan1](fc naQacpoQa Xal tnv avasmoc XL EYW ... »

2:n£ 6.yvWCJTE£ 8EOoaAovLxLE~ KaTEQLya xm MaQLYw avu<pE-

Ira 6Q1] (3yai vet 1/ xamraQ1] ra XEiAT/ (fOV [[Vat ~aXaQ1]' X~ 6AO uo» J..t;v A6yw yA 1)X6. r« XciA 1] (fall ra QOVf..LJrL vt6, tooata BE(f(faAOvoa6.

II £TO tiv ra iuitia (fOV r.pevnE~ , uw raollQovr.pAi~ovv tu; xaQr5LE~. TaovQoVr.pALO£; XL cuevove

46

nov ayanovaa EO'l'VaVE,

X{ ai; /1 ' EiXE 1] uava /10V {vaw.

QQaia TQv&a xai /1aAAla xai A vYEQ17 xoouootaour tXH; rat yyavlXr,I O/1oQTLa, cooaia eEaaaAovLxla,

xai /10V QaY{!;EL; H/V xapbLa.

LE EUTUX~OIJ,€V£s EQwnX€s ony~€S;, zou ortavU;ouv OTn QElJ,lt€nxo TQayouClw, 6m!)S; mWT]lJ,nLVl~ 0 3cvocpwv KOXOAT]£, CIVacptQETm TO naQm{(!.TW a6tmtOTo xnoaJtLXO, YQa~lJ,ocpWVT]IJ,€YO TO 1934 XaL YQa~~E:vo LOwS; orro TOY Krnoro Pouxouvc.

ME /1W toarni va /1JrUxr1]xa /1E; otn (9EoaaA o VLX 1] JrOV irrav aav tn !;wYQacpui xa: T1]V l'AEyav N{u1].

TAiVTL rQEAD EXaVa/1E {tace xaBE (3QaoaxL. Xar!;17-flJraI;E nnroivoiu: xo[ om K aoounooovaxi.

Zwrj XQvorj steovoooau» tu; vvxm; W qJ£yyaQl, oHlr; 2:aAov[XT/r; tu; oooous; ueoa oro MJrf:l;lvaQL

LTr,lr; AQEToml; tu; E/1oQ(pLir;, liB; (JT1] ewaaAOV[UI}, aAAa!;a/1E YAlIua cplALa m/1Qa6w {If: T1]NiU1].

LTT]V Katoxi], IJ,E T1']V aVOXr] XaL T1'] OLEUXOAUVOll TWV YEQ[lUVtXWV aQXwv XC1l Tll£ aacpUAaas, yw va EAE:YXOUV aVTLowmaxou£ xru WHlQaYOQLn:£, OL QE[ln€n:s XUTUXA1JOaV ru flJtOU~OU~U'Hxa [l€oa OTT)V nOAT). 0 BaoLAT]£ Tot WUVT)S;, JtQ~V xaTCIAr]I;EL oro 6~xo TOU «OUl;EQl» TT]S; DauAOU MEAcl, EJTm!;E IJ,E JTOAAOU£ ollva6E:ACPOllS; TOll, TOV I'trrvvn IIam{(wclvvou, TOY Mooxo BalJ,f3(1xuQT], TOV Miyya, TOV Tocvexo , TOV AJT001:0AO K(xMO:Qa, OTOli Iltiioar!;rj OTllV Ka~O:Qa, OTT] 2:Jr1]Ala Tll£ OOOU E8v~xr]S; AlJ,llVll£, 01;0: rrootvvcootc Koiitoouoa TOll t.UAC;([lO:yxa, OLJtAa OTT] Oll[lEQLVr] JTAUTElU No.unotvou XL aQy6TEQa, TT]V moxi] TaU E[lCPUALOll, OT01I KEQXVQa TTJS; ooou E~Qr]VTJS;. TLS; JTEQLClWj)6:0I.'.L£ TOU, ue ~w EQWnXr] OLo:a-raOT) xm VOOTUAYLXi) UVO:IJ, vT)OTJ, 0 TaL w6:VT)S; Cit VEL OTa JTaQaXCtTW TQayouCiL:

o 'EQw£ OX€JTEL TT)V n6AT]

47

ew rjBTlxa ta /1EOTI uo», ta (3Qa&a ncn) yvQYO ~aa OT1]r; 1:aAovixr,lr; TO. aTEvd, exei nov rQayovbovoa.

EXf:i Jrov /1 ' ayaJrovaaVf YA vxi::,~ JrQoaTVYOJr~vAEr;, YaAOVOWhf~, «aotov«; XaL qn VES' /1obwTQovAfr;.

JIQoocpvyonovAa uo V yAvxLa, l:;av8ux, yaAa~OW't.ra, l:;EQHr;, yw oEva yivoflaL aaQaVTn bvo xO/1/1aTW.

a 011<''\1<' EQWTLX6 Jt680r avabi.vEL xm TJ E/1oQTfJ ew-

To ctJtocpa ~ rG." '"

oOAOVP(Ld TOU MJtayLClV1:E:Qa:

TTl flava 0011 bEv tnv «xo uS'.

ourI' TI] xa/1naQi~f:Lt;. 'I M{)YO ta YOVaTa aov XOL rar; ~JraAWXOQLTao.

atn Baova Jrat; xcu. ni VElt; ...

, e aoaAovLxLU£ unoollAwV£L

TT]v EQ{J)TLXr] EAEU8EQlOTTJTU TT]S E , "(ll

ou 5:.L rou IlQ6bQolJ,01l TOa01JOa'Xll yLCl tTJ «oxag » xm TO "(gay u

yUV(1Lxu:

Eivm 1] TQt T1] T/ TOQd nov oe raau{i)Vw OXqQTr]: ,1wTEQa xcu. II aQaaxwrj XaL mjWQa TfraQTTI·

Tnv JrQWTr,I oTr,lNdxnOATI, T1]V (tUry oro BaQoaQ~ I T1]V TQ{ Tr,I otnv KaAaflaQta - Of: JrrjQa sua xaflJraQL.

48

H l:1:t/.l\ct i!J(l:L '111 ~'IiIl.1l1fl'Q01!JM:tfitVo.t &tJU (lXi6~, ~''iU~ES. La.h!, Vl',IUEC; a.."iU.6 1!~ :rnoljl.i~ :liIQOOW']JiY(li!WID'k~, ~05'~0iIl@Q-'ij}-.:e1lj; r!~~ MA£~ mo:.yytNJ,w;nK;t~ ol.u:ili~ ~ou~¥&l:'!ElJun'll' w(n;:E{iIOUr; "'o:l~litOl1it; X{[lj~ i[Q(ltyr.f~J~hOC1l;tS" H ~{.o~ Q£ ,(JttX.O"lJ!; ll(n jAQUOl.'I¢ijl tau :r~:m::6Q01J Zo."I'oQ~~ou X(lL 'lfJOe:U1EQliI lUIJ€)OO'Oo:kOlVlXl.OnU N(t')(ou fI,'rscpa.VQl) K~onQm)A·liIl).

o F'twpyo:;;, Zll~:l'f;E:W;r; i)liH Cl.ffll:t!QOJClEL ~£iKCt 1:{](lyourhll m~ Yl!l'!l(tllit®~ 1C'11; ;mo?"lfl'5- 'lEvo: 0JiI!' 0. 'l.:roec, ETO A~6 nt%?W', nou li-y(i'tli,IJ'~Il:O 1975. O:v[upi!{)Ua.t OLDIV XEQClU¥otl61.o EQWro:. A8'1i1lVUwiILJ jillE '®l;D('faWrvl~l.6: TI1ou'lt}'V' mo:.\F[Q~ ·)ot~tyl;\f£OC!W t:QOO'll:o. XL dl\!lrO~ LOW'Vt;KOOS;,

Tho !.U::LcmoN~WJlr.!1I6 j\(D;."tIt'i6iQ(lf'l'Q~:L6:jI,O~ ,~oo6v ot (j1l:1~XOU~i)fOI, X.Q~ (filJ"'®lhE:~ o.qp L~QU:UJO:'!I' ~ya liOiUMJ,XtCllro '"(;QaYO'Uf)L CTrllllV «6I1JJQ~ qITil®WOaAovt')(.ul'i>liI.(1t O1!:t)U~ £QOO-W; t1[lb. A'\'i~oQ. 01['Ol)~ ~~6~ .il.o~o1ljc;mtXO\)QY01!JC;; ~I'J .. OJ-;rut 1elil~Cl.V KUIL 'OiJJIK'VlI.XO~ .lJ(m 1iIiIE£. cin;mS 0 NfxoS [xloo.mo~. 0 Nbl.o; K(I(fIi1a~i.aS ~~ 0 :K'fflot([~!; K~v~ 61iJvW;,. ;m:(1)eYQ(!I.l,j'{tV y ~o; "(111 'ele:OOoO.O'Vt'ltl'lil] .. 0 ~I~MS; j.l:ueO~, t'I1r; ,E)I1.O'CItI!J,,;U'll"~<l.t.6:~ OiJI}Wxi.l;ruu l(o.~ (IF1[ct VOOCUQ!IT 1:QO!yonl'lbUl ~I;: TIiJIV (.61J0, fVt£D:.o'I] 6n:oo~ ~m twli@: a.Q01t0lq.ll,'I!lo' Qq,~;n:ti~a ..

rl~rj I.Wll. El.~1, lI!;O'li;I h L'!O'£ OJ,l'(.a 'I,i'Q. ij"{l.Td1;e~ !l:!MOtO~ ;,(!o;T6Q~'MOt;; (J?wfE>"Vd .KcruiH, ~UA6:EIL "E'O 'iI:QO.1000IL TOlLJ AEUrElQ1ll llctilI:o:.ocmOilJ- 1.oQiU B'QOX~" Jtccvn I'IkI;J"O;ll!;O ~tl91~'gt o.~6"1loV M't~f1 @£Q6W~;Ul"l!tn 11;0 1983 :iII((JL tQa:YOi1JJ,fuJEll]fI'E (lJiEO 1)0'\1' LkIU1q.:Q'I] MJiJ'\i'QGO'ti6:WOilOC ':'::[][I~- 1{oQocr6!Jl:~(u:.lO:» ;

E'~,t(.(~(i!'f~6:rpE fO'rpffyaQ.t ;Itt i'yt"V:.r:: O:Ol],uUI I'£J'Om

:!!lOft (J:n~~o.1f~§~ ~OOrcQW~, q?(l'V:rOQO.I. .kv TO Tpa'Yaoo~ dI'f' 'l"qVapJ(lj.

no; 'l111'EJltVl}. 'rl}v .mt~ ,a~lbw oro Ii'ltrtKovAl.

06 crfd'Ji.b~ 1l"€fiQ,(ir)O'a-v aro XtV/Ml. o:mj,ut ytJ:_U(Jf 11 }'tl,

~to: 011. 'qtO'n~o~ ~Ao~ ¥ a;'%uJ.l(~ yw 'l'iJ (3a8ui w~ TIJ'¥ 1[;itI'fYQ,

NEIl~ ~iJ:~OO1!,mol1l'IWv crm .~~ .I}~ "lLolI'vo. (AQXfw AEMM)

Ifuvoo: H ~(.\.u M:n:~ wr~ MuI16r:rWti 0f!(iMIj.WV ~Qlmo:. XdJJtlipil to 1911

!npnlQiW~~ {I~M&J.

110;~'W: Ku:J(J}'.L (JOOv K!'ptl) ~w I1Q'.'{XfJ1J(:(I'v IJt 1IDt)'!(! tOO 1.90J. 'EVi:c(!'VD: w. {JLUio:OO~LfIt~ril (l't1X;<tlll Ol~ o.tlQ \i01.~~. (Al~i.oKl@1

.!'m Wz·.'tlJC: a 1!Jljrro.;: IOIIMXrnJ nil~oo rn:L~ tlQ'fo; oou ClW¥!:t (AQoo;1u:lKI@')

KaHJI: H ~r,,;I!IlOO~ tmj )'.rprOli lUll M1!tA.w~~Q[tL; ~~; IJiIlU IIniI\,l:t {t!.(lX,El.o KIGl)

nd'l/!li.l: H 1rtlQ((:uiu til; ~ukmri.1t~; L1T'FjV !l~tKo&[) 'HW A' n(rr«1(P,110~ nW.t.Ilm). (AQ-i'.EW [(IS) K (i;_1(f~ Ha;w~ ll\'; jfMl.rt~ll; ID..ttt\t{!l£l~ TO 1917_ {At""J1~n KJij)

!:Hl tlft.W. IlP;\W: H ni£'liv~ 1.CQ~fu'QLo: <tQLvm. m.m t:lt:TfAWnpi£ (Jm'i m!J~ I'riU(fll~ ('Jt'f'J8\:aoo).ov(J.o'l1 to I~~A ~il~ -":1~r((oIlr.JJ.i'li:);t1;JI'" [EOtilm't@.r.l1o:mth IOU Mhl~llill(}liAl,)l)., @ .. 'f~ Acm:l(iln;rEAKA)

Uit'>~ll: <-:M&ya KCNJl~ljc~;WO-Thl{l¥ KP'YnML;o (ITItv:nkll1P.[(l Ei\;~~(a;to 19115·16. Vt.QX£lO K[S') .In, ~LflDE)joo:' n )!~((1I~lcl Em~Lf»; ~() J915· ioD, (Aij',(EW K~e)

hlIY ""L6~v1J (j~Hboc: M(10~t~~ tll~ r(d.looi~l:xll:lt; WII~oonl (IT()V~L''lllll.awvea(JlO ~OblfJJI La» tTl; ittlQo).i'IIS 1Jp. m;_lolM.1i 1'!\'; l(1t\'lu.; .1' 1I.!!;Dnie d~ BY7111i1ce~ t(l 1917. (A@'.~~ K~e')'

nlt~ To l-1001UlOO ~E,vc.oo;teno o;2n:l.tVTL'!!I» !lOll ?ltil]'l:e (lTtJV 1rtiQ'o<itrtW rou 19n

K(nUl: To ~'O&wi.o <1:r..mul~Q<l~~», Xrim\f,Z to 192J ''';CU{J.~~&«PL(IfI]~~ ~~oo. to\l~ Cl:El!lJill~ 10'1) ~ 978.

n«\IN: T{lOlVHJifit-" err: '..:a(!tJLor.n:U>. Lo~'19 M. (AQx~U:J KI>9!)

iK6:ftoo: II J!;!.o;t"dfl: aEl!8E~lrn; l"iW (11:(1 fr(i.$::l~ 11 oMs IlIeVlijL:ru Il~ fa 2'I,OOtmn. (AQX.Ef.,;) KD@}

I[!hIO.l: H t.krC>OO~ ~ ~!J:In~~~ Vill) rn,L KllwL (AlWl1) K [f))

Kil:rru: UQ6(T(Jlt"($; ~(>tl(lI6. (f:ffi rpJQ~~W ZOO11)0:<r.(ll,', ~m), 'l'DI\!" .!ll'(lit'J'!'Il1l tou 1917. (I·1l1.1cr(fi XQ.

ll!qtELwl) ..

l:TllI &~ (lt1.LtJu; 1i~o.;: ~m:{r m~ .Pmm..'1ct (ofIfJ)royQC({f;W tou ~(!f\'l~L'l, M u 'QooO'OOvil: (!ITO V(lI~L~llo . lOU fttll!'!.'I] KwMU'l'l~vi.fua ~6wmlkClVi.Ja] 1913-t9~~h)

II(nioo: ]I ntQLOXilIO~IIm400 O~DllO~lJ{llii ~1) O'W¥ 1\' ll!l"(ll.6Il].lL(I nok~~. V\~Lo AEMM) Krrr{ij; MOl.:ULr.~ f)'_fu]7i.OOO11 ~m f()t.~ (JrIJIHLdni~~ WU M(r~~&rI'L)1mi MI!lfimOl) til 19.16 {II'll er.~~, (Ai~.Eio ErG!)

I

n4vur. H rra(iO!:tiu..l~ A\'O.wArl>;. {Aw:,mu tUE'l}

Kih[Jj~ MlolilJOOraUW l\SUf.o. ntl!Yl'{Hn"!j OOro.t1:Ca wu'20. (AQJJlo t£Qll ]]M~Ut1\l«l, (Il{l ~.A_n.)

NBOL! T1il~ em(lIl)M'~~~~ (11'() l!~Vr~ 'JXOQrn.D~#m~ TO IlooXIl WU 1913,

49

~£ :0 L(t(jlOQ£1t LKO 'jiAi~a o.:JOO Tll'l! J1:O'.Qo.600LCTA'Il1IJ..OQqlOjl..tJ)"tC1. 'tnu lea i1:xo'ri TQu'YOUOWll, !.U: :;1[0 L lT1:uull fr~veu(ln '].t(U 8'L11cril:(]oiI'J UCtt wQc(cLodnJ€I£Qo 01"1,)1;0, ELVo.t 6110 £Q{i_YC~(":t, 'EgcryO'lJbw YQ(1~.alltva X(U lQ(wmH~II . .o!-Ul"vo. 0Jt6 lOU>; ~1w:,vttKOU~ ElroO(tJ..,oVL1U.DU£ TQtt),CnJ()OJlO LO-U'; A.oYUQl1 M:rW:lilQ'i'tTII ''!:(I)V Xt:t{uQ~1f>({w KoA vfli3'nrwv 'Xo())~ NLx.o UCIJ-nltOYM1!J, Zto JlfgWY.o, X@QO~ 1"11'£ tQ{.l.mX~rO:; o'-VW;TiJTlJCIlI](; llllit;lt:iAoqmt;, OL'X.LCJ~':; lOU tl.T!lMlill AI.-lJiEEMmrptffiV (11;"0 m· &nQOOQOIJ.iI.KO OTae~6'nl~ OU,,[lX~£ el;:o"(Jawvix~> .;;;~~ mmJ~ xa.J1vm)~ 'WU\; 6:.OTIQOlUS "UlN 1!Q~-VW'V rtou fPMOU'V». ~-.;O 8fVnQO. tOU Nbto'l !I](fJ[a"(;,oYA01JJ, ,",Wl OT,(tQTIlEmqro~tov t'NI~ :m:'JI..IYIt; onou o Ct\!'qwt; j3aQb6.Q'I]£ ()Ldlj(VIlL TIlV OlJix}.tl r.(1~ SCIJ(jJVILxD. o.Voh~H(U yq.ttr..t'rI {f,(Or;;. H!.Eh'1l'J, uua «;n:Q'~'\"n] ';(OQ'nicu:::mV' ro !ACi:rm 'IOU» 1l:1'JV O:Q:m:c't~n -COj\,fW(POQI;~O".,

4">l~fi o B~Q66;~ ;)tat uaila{lwl:': t~,.tLOr; If.£ UQt -r::M.euvo£" 0 Xf"f,u.ovca;,

j:i'Yr1XQ; JUG: {J6Aw ;Jt:a.~ ~(JOfJf:(kmf {3(Jefil1J{(};, crrd"eU1%a: ,a t'l.:1li6,utt'VO' XQt.!(bvra.;'.

4).t6Y£f ~WlJp.6.:; .nOV fQf.$1o.:n:ai~"CHjW

1\0: Q()1JXa. 1'0: raAlLui I~OTOV a£Q'U. mtJ (l'farnJ .w.riga-owfJ'e (lJU \--8lJ.Qi~owt "WI D'OO PJ§" fuirUI xdC!fiotJV(l Ci1fflppiva.

Hgw ro aEXOt,;rrci:O'Ol!vt ra ,MtlT.tq 1'10'1) at: a(l:rra~8', ~£r;> 1'0 AEW~W

;\t;~ tJ.tft'VCl V(liiCot'U'u, i\L1(d:k.ur;x(11.'CiocnJ¥a ~{ t({JTCil'E' w~ 1"0 xm.:alo ,[D :1tQUo.

:I;( IlW, all:r'I ywo:Jl{;O 1:1'1'£ e&,oo;wvtXl'lro;. I.J£ «(I!-1~Xt6. I!PQ~m». !J.~«~ Lilrnr:pU)I,.O.» ')tOC,L~Xi!:I.)..Ml (pt:i)1;rh6:» aqpLi"lQwvH '1;0 noi1rU.lo.-ll"Q«yov5I.EClAOlnx.ta- ZaAovt,1t: Hi u .ThOt. I"r];il'; 1% Ap.OQYOV N b-r.o~ rJl.O:.10"OC;, TilVT,QaY0lroll(ffi 0 XW .. Kil\L1tL(m:ll~ Mo.'Vw/cl]£ Mll'][mu~. not! ttnoe m 'VEfI.Vl.x6.~ponl']I'[Ll1ri. r01iJ ~Q6Vl.(l (rnu 8sooCtAovtxfl, oe ~\llOt'Kn 1\0 u A01.OCLOC\IQil K Tj.(('I'l66v'lil,

~a}[,(''V~t&', I~ocv.~xu!, W fa (l",j.uxra oov qlQiliw,

50

o 'EQw~ OXEnn mv nOA 11

51

eivai ta Xf{A,1} aov cpwrui xai TO t:ptAta oou t:pii5ta.

TQOU TO XH~WVLaTLXO nOUOL XaAUnTE rnv JIA.aTEi.a AQwTOtEAOU~ XC1L rn ayxUQOJ)OAll~EVa nA.OLa TOU eEQ~a·(Xou.

Tov noeo TOU YLa tva «xEQam» -evo. ouooqio xOQL't"OOJIOUAO TOU BaQbaQll- JIOU OEV EXEL oXtoll ~E iL~ EAEUeEQi,wv 1186Jv vovotXE~ rtou xuxAocpoQouv rn vUxta OLllV xaxoqJll~ll nEQLoxlI, ExcpQa~fL 0 nOLllTlI~ Krooror; KLvOVVll~ OTO TQayovoL To xeoaoi TOV BaQMQ1}, nou ~EAonOL lIefjxE TO 1968 orto tOY Turvvn fAE~O XaL tQuyouollellxE crto TO «VEOXU~UtLXO» Kurtoto, TOTE qJOLTl]Ti] Tn~ qJLAoAoYLa~, MlXCtAll BwMQll.

Katouaxo cxbta x6xxtva xouuitai 1} 2:aAovix1}. IIQLv Dtxa XQ6vw W8Va!lEVT} !l0V 'xe; a' cvasuo. AVQW, aav T6TE, xm XWQi~ XQvaat:pt am uavixt, uataia ea VJdXVH~ ro otooit nov itaei vux TO Depot.

To xeoaoi, TO XEQam amv BaQoaQ1} TO arevd

ax, xai nou»; va TO oavxaoo. aav YEVe{ Oexal?vvLd!

Tov aOLyaoto xan~o OtLS; EQWtLXE~ ava~l1Ti]OELS; TOU asto T1}V Evvatia w~ TO 2:LvrQL{3avL EJ.tClVE TQaYOVOLa XUL 0 NtLVOS; XQlOLLUVOnOUA.os;. 'EYQmjJE IJ,OVO~ TaU Tll ~OUOLxi] XaL rc EQ~i]VEUOE IJ,E Tl1V L6LOTUJIl] qJwvi] TOU 1:0 fEvaQl1 TOU 1986 OTl]V O!loQCP1} vvxra, ~a~L ~E TOV ew~a KOQo[3t Vl1 XaL tOY fLwQYo Zllxa, nou 100.YOUOllOUV to oLxa TOU~ EQW'tLXa tQayovOLa. H ~wvtavi] llXOYQUqJllOl1 Tunw811xE OE xcoero, aAM to ,1woExa rQayovi5ta ~E ~uAoYQUqJLEe; TOU xaAALtEXVll, m}wY]v a~LI:u~atLXOv, Ntxou NLxoAa'Coll XaL OE EJtL~EAfLa ~OUOLXi]~ xataYQacpi]~ MnLAA.Y]~ fOUOLOU Ei.xav XUXAOqJOQi]oEL TO 1984 OE xaAaLo8l]To AE1Jxw~a.

IIoA.A.u nOLlI~ata TOU NTLVOU XQLO'tLavonouAou ~E TOV 'ti.tA.O Ta TQayovOta r1]~ auaotios; ~EA.OnOLT]OE 0 Mnvoc; Xat~110uxl~, noMoI. VEOl nOLllTE~ XC1L ouv8ttEC; 1Qayouoouv TO XQOVLO EQWTa Tll~ nOAllC;, n E>woaA.ovLxll OUVEXL~EL va ElJ,nVEEL OE nOLllTE~, OTLxouQYouC; XaL ~OUOLXOV~ TOV EQWW,

Mevasdrve: iva xeoao: rov BaQodQ1} 1} yEt rovLa,

ax, xai now; va TO oayxaafL ora xQvt:pa, oeiua vorvui!

2:ro BaQoaQ1} ava8QE!l!lEV1] !lLXQ1} uov (9waaAoVLxta now; va aov ~1]r1}afL stooixa nov 'XEL; nootxa ta t:pLALa;

o nOAuXQoVOC; EQWTUC; EVO~ oaAovLrUOU vauTLxou tYLVE TO xaAUTEQO JtoLll~a-TQayovoL coto TOV «noLllTn Tl1S; 8uAuooa~», TOV Nixo Ka[3[3aota, 6LvovTa~ JtaQuAAllAa ~E to Baeu aL0811I.W XaL TO LOLaLTEQO 8aA.aOOLV6 LOLOTUJtO xA.L~a Tll£ eEOoaAovLxn~. To n:OLnf1.a EUtuXnOE vn ~EA.OnOL1l8EL alto TOV eavo MlXQOU1:OLXO TO 1978 Xat v« TQayou6n8EL alto xaAovc; EQ~llvEUTES;, Tll MaQi.t;,a Kwx, rn Lli]~lltQU fUAuV1'], TOV fLawn Kouroc, TOV BaoLAl1 IIanaXWVOTaVTLVOU, TOV fLWQYO NWAaQa XaL roix; aOEA.qJou~ XcQll XaL Ilnvo KaTOL~i.XU. Ot TQELe; tEAEUTULOL TQUYOUOLOTEC; unEowoav [At: 8uu~aOLa EQf1.11vda T11 (9waaAovlx1] TaU nOLllTij tnC; vUUTOOUV11~, OE XOLvrl OUVaUA.La ow 8tUTQO «OA.U[AJtLOV», TO TsVO:Qll TOU 1992, xa8wc; E~W uno T11 8EQf1.tl awoocpmQu tou 8EO:-

o EPQTAL TON ALTON XWQOL 1j.ruxaywylclJ; xm OlXOl avox~s

T(iJ()a V:rrd()XE~ IlDVD 1} aUJJJCrI II (ow asto "dOe ovoua

II taw anD "dOe JCQdYlla.

T AKHL BAPBITLIQTHL H M£TaJl.6(JC{Jw07]

H 8COOCl.AOVLXTj nruv w~ TO 1922 JtOA'UE8vLXi) nOAll, orcou 6AE£ oi llYCOLE£ TWV E8vLXWV"t[.l Tj~(ltWV EJtLX€LQOUOCl.V ~E X6.8E 'tQono VCI. Oto.tllQi)oouv EVtOVa TI']V E8vLXi), XOLVWVLXn Xat OLXOVO!lLX'rl naQo'UoLa 10'U£. 'Htrrv o'UYXQ6vw£ [lLa nOAll ~E oLo.xwQLO[lEVE£ XOLVWVLXE£ t6.SEL£ XaL fXOTjAWOW;, OXOAfLCI. XaL 'ljJ'UxaywYLx6. xevroo, H XOLVWVLXn nQCl.Y[lCI.Hx6TTJ1a OEV unoQfL vn EvvoTJ8EL onw£ OLa!loQcpw8TjXf ~fT6. tOY nQwto JtOA€~O, onou OL E8vLXE£ nEQLJtE"[!oLfl;, 0 EQxo[l6£ XaL TJ ~OVL[lTJ EyxataOTo.oTJ OtTJv n6ATJ XLALMwv corcov nQoocpuywv 1TJ£ MtxQ6.£ AOLa£ XaL TTJ£ 8Q6.xTJ£ XaL TWV £OWTEQLXWV uetcvormov tTJ£ ~aX€OOVLxn£ unaWQou, ~al;L ~E 1TJV XOLVWVLXi] OL6.XUOTJ tWV ncvenom~Lo.xwv cnooottcov tll£, anoo6.8Qwoav ~£tanoAE~Lx6. TO. TasLX6. 6QW.

H nQwtElJo'UOCl. 1TJ£ Moxeoovtc; uno OLXOVO~LXi]£ nAE'UQCJ.i; etXE ESEALX8d tour; t€AEutCl.LO'U£ aLWVE£ TTJ£ TO'UQxoxQatLCI.£ OE «Jt6All-nQCl.X1oQ£LO» rtou o'UvoE8nXf f!lJtoQLxa ~E EVTOVE£ nOAL TLOTLXE£ xmvwvLxE£ EJtLQQOEC; ~E 6ACI. TO. EUQwnabt6. XaJtLTaALOTLx6. XEVtQa. An6 TO 170 aLwvo., E'UQWJtCl.LOL E[lnoQoL, cero roix

55

54

onOLOVe; nOAAOL eyxa8Lo'to:VtaL ~6VL~a orn 0woaAOvLxTJ, uero'tQEnOVV to AWUVL rou E>eQ~ab{Ou Oe nQoxeXWQTJ~EVO eunootxo nQaXtoQeto 'tne; aVatoALKtle; Meoovetou, LOU~W ue rn L~UQVTJ XaL rnv II6ATJ·

H C1v6:rreQTJ JtoAveElvLxiJ 'ta~TJ, ~eyC1AE~OQoL, j3LO~iJXC1vOL, 1OC1- nel;LtEe;, 'EAATJvee;, TOUQXOL, Ej3QC1LOL, !tC1AOt, <I>QUYXOL, AEj3aVtlVOL, BOUAYC1QOL, LEQj30L XaL unm EVQwJtaLOL, ~C1l;L ~E to eunoQW XaL tOY nAoilto ~E'tC1CPEQOVV XOLVWVLX£e; ovviJ8aEe;, E8vLX£e; XCH JtOAL"tLXEe; JtQOJtC1yuvoEe;, vEC1 iJ8Tj, C1QXLtEX'tOVLXE<; ~OQCPEe; nov czotumovovroa one; j3LAee; tcov E~oxwv ~e rou; JtoLxLAOVe; Qv8~oue; XaL EJtLj3uAAovv to EUQWJtC1·Cx6 VtUOLIlO XaL tTJ yVVaLXELC1 1l6oC1 IlE nAoumC1 xmC10tiJ~C1'tC1 mpC10IlutWV, ev6v~atwv XaL nC1QLl;LavLxwv XC1JtEAwV oro <I>QC1YXO~C1XCl.M: XaL JtEQL~ tTJe; 000'0 BEvLl;EAov.

ttxo O'tOLXdo rcov lleyuAwv 6vva~Ewv ornv Cl.VCl.'tOALxiJ roue £Jt£X'tC10TJ XaL nOALuxi) EJtLQQoi) ~E'tU rnv XatUQQEVOTj 'tTJe; 08WIlC1VLxi)e; Cl.VtOXQatOQLC1e;.

«An6 La axoAEia xca TOV~ oaauaAovs;, 6XL uovo rovs; ~evov~ aUa xa: TOV~ &xov~ tuu;», OTJ~£LWV£L 0 A9C1.vUOLOe; LovALWtTJe;NLxoAC1"LbTje; cro C1nO~VTJ~OVEU~C1'tU tOU C1Jt6 tTJV nEQLooo TOU Mcxeoovixoo A YWVC1, «&oaaxovrav xat ano La fiearQa xca rovs; &a<poQovs; aotictec, 811AvxovS; xat aQofvLxOV~, nov AV{laivovrcv tnv A vaTOA1], &aoioovrav 11 vf6rEQ11 t raALU1], yaAALx1] xat YEQ{laVtU~· xca oAoeva nEQwa6rEQOt eEaaaAovLuwi &v 1];EQav nov TrW u6<paA1]V XAivaL, vuit! 11 avatositixn (lOVO£U1] bey eAf:YE sua La nEQLoa6rEQa aw81]{lara rov~ xai 11 cpQayxLU1] bey 6.6YE aoxrta XaVEya ... »

H ~£'tC1nQanxiJ nOQELC1 xOQvcpmvETal 01:0 T£AOe; TOU 190u cuoVC1, orov TJ 0W0C1AOvLxn nC1YLwV£tC1L we; OLXOVO~LX6 XEV'tQO tTJe; BaAxC1vLxiJe; ue xOOIl0JtOAL'tLXO XC1QC1X'tiJQC1. EJtLOlJ~l1 YAmooa tTJe; 0£00etAOvLxlle;, 6XL 0111 OWLXTJOTJ aAAa OtTJV OLxovollLXiJ Xal XOLVWVLXiJ l;wiJ tlJe;, bEV nrov ta tOVQXLXU iJ rc £AAllVLXU Xal tc e(3QC1"(}ta, Cl.AAU tCl. yaAAlxa, YAmooa EJtLXOLVWVLae; rrov [LEyaAwv eunoocov, tWV XatC1otTJ[LutWV ~6oa<;, nov xacpE ocvtov, tWV xc[LnaQE XaL tWV XOOIl0JtoAL-nxwv ~EVOOOXEi,WV. fCl.AALXa Yj1:C1V n £mAoyiJ tTJe; ~EVlle; YAwoO'ae; ot« O'xoAELC1, EAATjvoyaAALxu nrcv rc nEQL006tEQCI. LOLW'tLXU 0xoAda XaL 11 yaAALxiJ nrcv TJ YAwooa rcov Ef3Qa·Cxwv OXOAdwv, ~EOW tTje; yaAAo"CTJoou·Cnx1]e; nQo:JtCl.y6.voae; nov £XEL C1QXLOet an6 to 170 aLWVC1 otnv avatoALx1] M£06YfLo Xat crto to 1883 OtTJ 0wO'Cl.AOvLxTj, ue tu O'xoAELet tTJe; Alliance Israelite Universelle nov eLX£ £6Qa to Ilnotot,

H E>£OoaAovLxTJ, oxrrooo, nC1Qa ru evtovc aQXLTexTovLxU XaL XOLVWVLXU xaQax'tTjQwtLXU, netQC1IlEVEL, [L£XQL TTJV £vTa~iJ Tll<; OTO eAATJvLx6 xQaTOe; we; C1QXLtExtovLX6e; XaL nOAEOoo~LX6<; xwooc; [LLC1 j3C1AxuvLC1 nOATj ztou OUVOECL, ue tLC; LOTOQLX£e; xataj3oAEC; XaL tC1 [LVTJ~£La tTJC;, to EAATJVoQW[La·Lx6 XaL TO j3ul;av'tLv6 nC1QEAB6v Tl']e; ~E Tl']V EUQwnl']. Tnv ELX6vC1 aVTiJ OVVEElETUV XaL OL nEQLYQacpEe; rcov EUQW:JtC1Lwv Jt£QLlJYT]twv nov :JtEQUOUV coto "tTl E>wonAovLxTJ XaL ELxuv nQoj3uAa TOV OQLavtEALO~6, TTjV :JtEQLYQC1CPiJ 1"~(I)ux(i)V roncov XaL tOU ucpoue; TT]e; AvatOAiJe;, we; xntooxoneu-

2:' 6Al1 U1Jti) rnv xmaAVTLxt'j JtOQ£La, TO EAAnvLxo otOLXeLO Tne; n6Ane;, [LOLQUO[LEVO avriAoya ~E rnv OLXOVO~LXi) EJtLcpaV£La, EVtUOOEtaL ornv nOAveElvLxiJ aQwtoxQutLa XaL rnv nOAvE8vLxi) cptWXOAOYLU "tTje; n6b]!;. H un600UAn EAAnvLxiJ xorvortrrc 'tTje; E>eooaAovLxne; rrrov TJ ~EyaAutEQn oe a()Le~6 XaL OLXOVO~LXiJ XaL xmvwvLxiJ Emcp6.vELa 'tTje; EUQwna·Cxi]e; TouQxLae; [LEta trrv II6ATj, av XaL TQLtn £8VLXt'j ueiovorrrrc [LE"tU "tove; TouQxoue; XaL TOUe; Ef3QaLoue;, IlE bcxCl.oxtm ExxATjo(,c<;, buo YVllva.oLa ayoQLwv xat XOQL to'LWV, OEXU xULWtEQCI. oxoAEia XaL 5.000 EAAl1VEe; uniJxoove; TOV EAeu9EQou xQutOVC;, rtoi: l;ououv ornv nOAn OTn OtUQXHU rou Mcxeoovixcc A ywvu, onwe; 0 YLaTQo£ AAE~avbQoe; Ll. Zuvvu£, lne; YVWoTi]e; OL1--WYEVELUe; TWV Zovvotrov, urto to ALj3uOL OAuurtou.

IIaQu TnV XOWWVLXrj XaL nAn8vO'[Lwxt'j ~dt;T] "tne; nOAT]e; Ile TOUe; XLAtuOEe; nQ60cpuYE<;, rtou 011!-.tLouQ'YT]oav OAOXA.TjQOVe; OOQVCPOQLxou£ OUVOLXWf.!OUe;, XaL IT]V OLXOVO~LXi) aVaLQoni] IlEtU to 1930, oi XOLVWVLXEe; oLacpoQ£e; evt6.BTjxav xat ano"tvnw8l']xuv we; "to OeutEQo n6AEIl0 OTa ovv8i]llata trov xanvEQyatwV, one; W:y6.A£e; anEQ'YLEe; TOU Mnn tOU '36 XaL ow OUO'OLna tne; CPTWxoAoytUe;, onou [LOVO to 1930 oLttl;ovTav ceto to Lli)llo XaL anEe; cpLAav- 8QwmxEe; oQYUVWOELe; 4.000 «roue OtLC; JtEQLCPEQHUXEe; CP"twxoOVVOLX\'ce;. 0 IlEOon6Ae1l0£ rrrov XaL Tj nEQL060e; "tne; nQoxAnnx1)e; oLxoOOIlLXi]£ O'uyxQoUOTJi; -XL ae; ~LAouv OL bLUCPOQOL JtEQLTjYTjT£e;

56

o 'EQwe; OXertEL rnv rtOAT]

57

XaL ErtWXert'tE£ j.tE 8auj.taoj.to y10 'tlj 0£OoaAOVLXlj, nEQLtlLu[3u~ovtor; 'tT]V rtuQaALaxr] ~WVT) us 'to 8£OneOLo T)ALo[3aoLAEj.ta 'tOU 0EQj.ta'(xou- EXEI, onou nAo'llOLE£ [3LAEe; 'tT)e; avu'toALXll£ naQuALaxite; ~WVlje; coto 'to AnJXo II uQYo 00£ tn NEu KQitvT) XaL VEO'tE1JX'tEe; noAUXa'tOLXLEe; 'tlje; cot v01JBo XaL 'tT)£ aQ't V'tEXO ornv rtuQLxauo'tT) ~WVlj nQoxaAououv rc u8ALa JtaQartityj.ta'tu XaL ue; naQayxo1JnOAHe; trov nQoocpuywv (me; JtEQLoxee; 3T)QoxQllVT]e; (yvwo'tit£ we; TEVEXE MaxaM), 'tT)e; Neae; BaQYae;, 'tT)£ Ootae; 3eYT)e;, 't01J EOXL N'tEALX (L1JXLEe;), 'tT]e; IIoALXvT)e; (KaQu rOLY), rou BEVL~EAOXWQLOU, V1JV L\itj.t01J TQLav6QLae;, tlje; KaAAL8Eae;, 't01J Bu~aV'tLou, rcov TQOXL06Qoj.tLXWV JtQoocpuywv, tlje; NEue; KQnvlje;, ovourrro rtcALWV XaL veov na'tQLowv n01J EYXAw[3Lo'tT)Xav XaL xa8T]xav IlE 'tT)V rtOAEOOOj.tLXn EJtEX'taOT] XaL 'tT) bljj.tonxiJ aVeI_;UQ'tT)OLa tOW nEQLcpEQHaxwv 01JVOLXWf,lWV nQLv XaL f,lnu 'tOY nOAEj.to,

To j.tljtQOJWALnXO XEV'tQO 'tlje; BaAXaVLXtl£ uQXU;EL vo rrcooxj.tU~H OUOLaO'tLXU coro 'to 1924, (.t£'tu 'Ue; tEALXEe; E8vLXEe; cvoxctatul;£Le; XaL 'tT] (na8EQtl Ev'tal;T] OLO EAAT)VLXO xQu'to£, trrv etoooo XLALUOWV nQoocpuywv XaL tT]V aVtLOtQOqJlj orcoouoo'n SEVWV E8vLXWV oj.tubwv aou avaxwQT)oav YLa 'ta E8vLxa tour; XEVtQa, j.tEta 'tlj j.tU'tULWOlj torv EJtEXtaUxwv 0XEb(,wv tWV xQatwv tou; we; nQoe; tT) MaxE60vLa, Axo(.tT), EUUQL8(.tT) oj.tubu vromcov cotov 'tlje; YEvE8ALae; nOA lje;, j.tEyaAEf1,JtoQOL, BLO(.t nxavOL XaL TQCtnE~(, 'tEe;, EyxatEAEL'ljJUV TT)V na'tQLba otov nEQLOQ(OTljXE 0 OLXOVOf,J.,LXOe; tT]e; QOAOe; xm nQotL(.tT]OaV TT)V nQWtE'llouoa orr' OJt01J ovnueuoru~UV rn 0eoOUAOVLXTJ we; nEQLcpEQELaXll nOATJ a08f,lCXL V01Joa cno TT) 01Jj.tnLWT] TWV [3oQdwv EAA ljVLXWV OUVOQWV nou trrv aJtoxo'ljJav ceto tlj 1;wuxiJ [3aAXCtVLxit EVOOxc.l)Qa,

ME'tU 'to 1922 OUQQLXVWVEtaL oQCtOTLXU XaL 0 EVtoVOe; xoouoJtOALtLOf,J.,Oe; ue ne; EQW'tLXEe; !1V'r]j.tEe; tTle; nOAT)e; XaL 0 E1.lQwnu'Cxoe; nQooavatoALO!J.,Oe; TTJe; a:vaotQEcpnm JtQOI_; TT)V EAAT]VLXll JtQwu:uouoa, av XaL OL avYXQOVE£ atO(.tLXEe; EmAoYEe; TWV 0£OoaAovLxEWV, (.toba, OJt01JbEe; xm EJt0XLaXOe; oUQJ,toe;. naQa(.tEvouv OUVbE(.tEVEe; ue tn £1JQWJtU'LXU xevtoo, To. Tumxu OLOLXELa TT]e; XALOne;, tT]e; EXA 1JTTJe; bLaOXE6aoT]£ XaL 'tTlC; aotLxite; 'ljJuxaywy(a£, n01J OUYXEVTQWVE EJtL oExaE'tLEC; lj 0WOaAOYLXTJ we; XEVTQO EVtOVT]e; JtQonayavoae; EUQwJta'ixwv xm [3aAxavLxwv bUV6.f,lEWV, x6.8ljxav (.tEtU ttl O1a8EQll EVOWf,J.,atwOT) TT]e; JtOATJe; orov EAAT]VLXO xoouo. OL YVII)(lLlW; ELXOVE£ Tlj£ naAL6.e; nQWtEuOuoae; tT]e; BaAxaVLxnc;,

'tWV E1JQwJta'Lxwv XCtcpt oovrcv, xacpwbELwV XaL [3aQLEtE, OXOAELcov XaL aQxovnxwv, oAa to. J,tOQCPOAOYLX6. croi XELa 'tOU uercetoc'tLO!J.,OU tT)e;, LOOJtEow8ljxav crco ne; (.tL1;EQEC; OQaOTljQLotljTEe; tlje; VEOEAAT]VLX'r]£ nQaY!lanxo'tT)tae;, Jt01J 'tTJ£ tbWOE 'to oaQxaOTLXO nQoowV'U!lLO «oUj.tnQWtE'llOUOct», XWQLe; rnv o.v6.AOYlj OUj.tj.tEtOXit OLLe; anOfjJuoELI; Jt01J rnv coooouv YLa tnv Em[3LwoT] XaL tT)V LOtOQLxll axtLvo[3oALa 'tlje;,

o EQwtae; rrrov tal; LXOe; xru OTTJ 0£OoaAOvLxTJ, EQWHX6. HOVAALa XaL YU!lOL ouvnrrrovrov uovo !lEWI;U nAouoLwv xm aQLOTOxQa'twv, ue He; aVa!1EVOj.tEVEe; El;aLQEOW;. 00£ to ueooaoxeuo, nou lj nQOOqJ1.JYLxit JtAT]f,l(.t1JQi.6a, ue TTJV nQOW8T]!1EVT) EQWtLXit JtaQ6.ooon tlje; AVCltOAi]£, eortcoe to WI;LXU XOLVWVLXU xaQaxwfto.ta XaL 'tOY o.OTLXO n01JQL rcviouo, OL «MnCtYLaTT]6Ee;», OL naAwL 0£OOctAOvLxELe; 'tlj£ avw'tEQT]e; o LXOVOj.tLXlle; 't6.I;T]C;, JtOU bLaoxEoa- 1;av EQwnx6. ftE aQt(,OtEe; xm nOQVEe; rron nQooEAxuovTav nrco TO xoouonoxrttxo JtEQL[3UAAOV TT]C; n6AT]C;, Exavav EQWtLXOUe; OEoucu; xru naVTQEUTljXaV nQoocpuyonouAEC; cno 'tT] Lf,lUQVn, TO Ai[3aAL, 'tT]V TQam1;ouvw XaL TTJV IIQLyxLJto, rtou cpTJfti,1;ovtav YLa tT] f,l6Qcpwo'r] 't01JC;, TTJV OftOQCPL6. xm 'tT)V maxmvLu T01JC;, ~EV EAEL'ljJE Of,lWC; xru T) EQWtLXn EX!lEtUAAE1JOT) torv XOQnOLWv (m6 tLe; xaftEYEe; natQLbEe;, YEYOVOC; rtou JtQoxahoE TT]V ovrtoocon XQatLxwv no.Qay6v'twv XaL JtQOOCP1JYLXWV oQyavwoEwv, orto»; cpaLvE'taL orro ne; xaTCtxwQLoELe; or«; EcpT]!1EQL6E£ 'tT)e; moxite;, Jt01J xoV01JV EXXATJOTJ YLa o.v8QwJtLOTLX'r] 'XaL t(,J,tLa j.tETaxELQLOT] TWV JtQoocpuywv yuvmxwv, L\La[3a8ftLOj.tEvo. us 6.YQacp01Je; 'XWbL'XEe; nrcv XaL to. JtOQvELo. JtOA 1J1EAELac;, to. xacpE orrvrov xru 'to. t;Ev060xda tlje; JtOAT)C;, H cptWXOAOYL6. aQxouvTo.v OLOUe; ElL'XOUe; Tlje; Aa'ixoue; EQwtEe; xm OL O'tEQl1ftEVOL BOAEuovTav ow Aa'Lx6. !-tJwQvTEAa TTJC; MJtuQac;, T01J BaQo6.QT) 'XaL TWV AaoubLxwV,

H aVWTEQT] JtOAUE8vLXi] Tal;TJ 'tlje; JtOAT)£ Xet1:oLXOUOE cno to' tEA£uwLa XQOVLCt tOU JtEQaOf,lEvou «uovc XL we; rnv JtQW'tTJ OExaET(,a J,tETa TO bEUTEQO JtOAE!lO avaTOALXU '(T)£ obo'll AYLo.e; LOqJLo.e; we; TO NTErtO OTljV JtEQLOXll TWV EI;OXWV, ue TLI; JtEQLCPTJj.tEI_; ertcuAELC; EJtljQECiOj.tEVEC; crro Tl1V aQT vouf3o xm TO VEOQOftavtLXo JtVEU(.ta tWV EUQwna'Cxwv JtOAEWV f,lE ne; oxote; ELXav E!1JtOQLXEC; ouvaAAaYEe;, :kne; EUQUXWQE<; aWOUGEe; us 1;WYQacpWTEe; }taL eveyAUcpEe; OLaXOOftllOELe; XaL OTOUe; XAOEQOUe; ~aeuoxLOU<; xi]JtOUC;

58

XQL(J'W; ZacpclQne;

o 'EQw; aX£:rt£L TnV :rtOAr]

59

TWV amtLWV, yLvOVTav XOgO£O:rtEQLO£e; xm W:rtEQLVU ooucoe us EllQ(O:rta'~xu Tgayou6La XaL auyxgovE; OQXnmQ£e;, EVW tL; ov«: yx£; TWV XOaiJ.LXWV OUYXEV'tQWOEWV EI;U:rtnQEtOVaaV :rtOAA£; U:rtr]Q£TQLE; XaL U:rtr]QEtE;. Tnv EQWtLX'tl aLa8r]an rtou a:rt£:rtVEE n :rtaQaALaXrl ~WVT] TWV EI;OXwv, us TOUe; £LOUAALaXOUe; OQ[.tLaXOUe; XaL tu ogyavw[.t£va 8aAUOOLa AOUTQU, [.tE TOU; xa8Etou; AOUAOUOLaa[.t£VOUe; OQOiJ.OU; rtou OOT]youoav ern 8uAaaaa, OL£aWOE oe XLVn[.taTOYQacpLxi) a:rtotlJ:rtwan OtT] OEXaEtLa ron '500 vomaAYLxo.; :rtOLntn; TT]; E>waaAovLxne; MagLvo; XagaAu[.t:rtou;. Krrrd [.t't'!xo; TlJ; AEWCPOQOU TWV E1;oxwv, err' onou :rtEQVOUOE to L:rt:rtnAUTO ornv aQXn XaL nrto TO 1908 TO lJAEXtQOXLVlJTO TQa[.t, XaL moue; EQua[.tWUe; x't'!:rtoue; TWV agxoVtLXWV, XUXAocpoQouaav vuVaI.XEe; vtull£VEe; ue W TEAEmaLa uovrexo rcov J,.tEYUAWV otxcov TOU IIaQLOLou, rtou l;ucpvLa~av ue rnv xouipotrrrc XaL TTJY ouooCPLU TOU; tou; E:rtWX£:JttE; TTJ; :rt6A.lJ;. Na JIW; :rtEQLygUCPEL 0 1l..K. BOUQOO1JVLWTTJe; oro Hf1,£QOA6yw rov .1'X6XOUTO 1890 n; a01:£; yuvaLxE':; tr]':; :rtOAUE8vLX't'!; 8WaaAOYLXT];:

uixoot n6&~, EL~ f1,8ml;wra~ n£QLxv'f}f1,iDa~ xat nAovaw XaL xou- 1jJ6ram VnOD'f}Wina (oxaotttvia) wrpT]VOJ{1tVOL. A~ xeoteovoi aural vuvaixec, at &clt,6mTOv Exovm TO i}f)o~, xaAvnTOvow £l; aLDr}{100VV'f}~ ta nQ60wna XaL vuuvotxn. TOV~ nODa~ XaL m~ xvJjI . .w~. AL 8£ n£QLxaAUOraraL E{3QaiaL {1£ ta v1J.Jr}Aa XaL OVf1,{1tTQW~ £vrQa<pJj OW{1aTa TWV, m AEvx6mm XaL TQv<pEQomra W~ 7] aoti<pV11~ Lao{1r}, ta ~AaQ6. ttoooomxx, m {3af)vXOAna arJjf)7], TO XaQL ro{3QVTOV xaoaotnua. {1£ ta £l;alma XaL rpvA£nxa avubv xooroviua, {1£ ra nOLxLA6XQwp.a xac f1,£Ta;LVa nOAvrdJj £vchJ{1ara rwv, {3aDi~ovm w~ KaQvan&~ XaL N'f}Q'f}i&~ sv iavu» XaL owxQivovraL 6AaL DLa ro xaAAo~ TWV XaL TO f)6.QQo~ XaL tnv £A£vf)£Qiav TWV.»

«A~ L&6TQonaLAyyAi&~, ai arp£A£i~ TeQ{1avi&r;, ca xouspoxarat xat xaQLfararaL raAAi&~, ai eoaouuu ImAi&~, aL f)cAxnxai Ianavioei; at XLOVW&L~ aAAa nAJjQov~ ~wJj~ Poiaioec; at ovfl,Jraf)taraTaL EAA'f}vi&~, aL rjoVJraf)tararat Of)wf1,avi&r; Xat at cl;6xwr; cooaiat XaL nQoxA'f}uxai oxpooxsaaia: E{3Qaiat oLtQXOvraL nA'f}a{ov aov wr; sv navooouati tpaouata, axuvof3oA01,vra EX xaAAOV~, XaQt iO~ XaL nOA vieseu»; f1,OVaL Jj WTa avvoowv, ywoal;iowv EvonAwv, oiTLVC~, w~ KtQ{3EQOt, rpQovQovmv avra~. I&a~6vTWr; £l;txOVaL &6. tnv nOA vnQoawnov axoAovf)iav u.()v, w~ at aQxaiaL Af)'f}vaiat, at oewf1,avi&~. Exovm KaAV{1f1,tvov ro nQ6awnov tu: ra yaQyaAwux6rara YLaOf1,axW TWV. AuupaivoVTaL Os {16VOV £; oirabv O~ Jr1JQWOL orpf)aAp,oi rtov, otepavouueVOL im: orpQVWV nvtouevcov xara rpvat v Jj TtXV'f}V, osteo ei VaL onueiov avoicu; f;'fIAOrvniar; xara roy Agne Penigne, KaL nCQL{3aAAOf1,EVOt vno ueooo; tn; anA{3oVa'f}~ XO{1'f}r;, T(1W a{3QoraTwv ttaoeuov xai T'fI~ XOQvrpi}r; rn; QLv6~. At aAa{3aarQLvo~ XEiQcr;, iu:

TO u~ EQvf)Qo{3arp£ir; ovuxa~, xoouovvtai vn6 IJaxrv).iwv, aoa{1avrrnv XaL aA).wv nOAvri{1wv Aif)wv XaL 1jJeAAiwv. K af)iaravrat Os fliill.lTaOtaT£QaL ex TWV {3Qaxtuw Evc5v{1a1:wv TWV, cap' cov &arpaiv( )Vim p.era rov xato: T'f}~ eutoaspoix; xvnunc, oi uaAAiarpvQoL

IOLaLT€Qa EvtUJtwOLao!J,£vo<; !J,LAcm YLa rnv OiJ.oQCP~u tT]e; 'I6a<;, «iJ.La 'HOV WQaLOTUTWV YUVaLXWV Tll; :rrOAEWe;», au~uyou TOU AEf3L Z:aouA Mooinvo nou £[.t£VE <JTTJ «f}LAa loa», EXei. oxou f.l£tU trrv xat£ouqJwi] TTJe;, TO 1960, XTLOTT]XE TO OllllEQLV6 XTLQLO TOU IWALXOU MOYO:rtWALOU Kunvou.

«To E;aiawv x6.Uot; rT}~ eivai 1:W 6vTL a,;wv Tr}~ rpJj{111~ rou «nne cVTQarpJjr; ovre LCJXVr" V1jJ'f}AJj, EVevrcvJj~, naUevxor;, a{3Q6- aaQxor;, vWQa, n).JjQ'fI~ ~wJj~, orpQiyov~ xcu. nVQ6~, tX£L tnv /-I-oQrpJjv rw axooioouevnc rw II Qa;LrtAfL ArpQoDi r'fl~ rov Kant TW)..{ou, f1,oQrpJjv nOAvf)tAY1}1:QOV, xaf)WTa/-l-tvl1v eEAUTLUWreQa vno OVO f1,£yaJ...wv xca YA 1Jxvrau..Qv orpf)aAWiJv, /.-laYLxr,v eoonxov xa: xaQi TWV rpwAtav.»

H AYLae; z:ocpta; nrov II oMe; TWVJtAOU(fLWV oruruov, Tl :rtEQLqJr]- 11-11 KuA.£ VT£ ZUvtE, I1-E JIOA UTEA.Eatata I;Evoooxda onou oQyavwvovtcv nno XUQI.E£ XaL CWnOLYLOE; xaAALnxvLx£; xm cpLAav- 8Qwmx£e; £XOr]AWOW;, J,.tE TO s£vocoXdo Marf;tonx orrrv JtaQaALa, TO AaroQW OTT] YWVLa TOLiJ.WXiJ xm AYLae; Z:ocpLa;, orcou £iJ.EL VE JtQLV Esacpavwtd 0 J,.tOLQaLo,:; YExQ6~ rou E>EQW:t.'LXOU nusQLxav6~ 6lJ[.toowYQUcp0<; T~OQT~ IIoAx, XA~VLX£e;, ~axaQOJtAamda XaL TOY XLVr]J,.taT0YQUCpo ,1wvuaw f.lE TLe; XOO!-LLXE':; JtQEJ,.tLEQE':; TWV EQYWV XaL tL<; OUQ£e; unooor« otrrv :rtQ600'l!Jll J,.tE tn aL vuJtTWXn~ EI-l:rtVEUOll<; avUyAUqJa.

Tou; JtaQUYOVTEe; Tn.:; CWTLXne; TUslle; JIQoaetA.xuaY tc xaAAL-

60

aTEL~ xm TJ EXAOyi) ,TTJ~ «ML~ ~waaAOVLXTJ» rtou y(, VOVLaV aTO uea?rrOAE[.l~ oro OAV!1JfWV McyaQovrr]~ Meooveioo, ono»; OVO[.latOT~V £JtLOTJ[.la ~o XOO[.lOnOALTLXO S€VObOX€LO MfvnrcQaVE, TO onOLO x,ancuqnaTnX€ ncocvouc [.lETa TOU~ oeiouou; 'IOU 1978. TTJV JtQCDTl] xoovi«, rtou OUVErrw€ [.l€ 10 bLE8vE£ OLXOVO!.tLXO xQax xm T~ OUV€XLt~[.lEVn LaAmnCDQLa TCDV nQompuywv OTL£ nEQLCjJ€Quax~~ aUVOlXLE~, «ML£ eWoaAOVLXTJ» EXAf:XTl]XE TJ EMVTJ LLa- 8?JtOUAOU, TO 1,930 n PCDsavn LT€QYLOU XCl.L LO 1931 n NLxn IIcwALbn. LT~V LaQu'tOa LOU (bLOU S€voboXELou AU touovouos flEQLVO xa[.lnaQE xm xaQToJtmxnxi) AEOxn [.l€ aQTLaTE£ ano1:TJv Al"hlva xm EUQCDrra'CXEe; nOAw;.

, OL aO,ToL 1:l]e; ewoaAovLxne; ELxav xm 10. bLxa 1:OUe; JtOQVELa, onou CUOXOAU JtEQvouoav ore nAOU[.lL01:a XQE~ana TCDv rrAOUaLWV «OJtLnwv» naQobLXOL EQaOLE£ aAACDV TaSECDV. AvaTOALxa Tl]t; obou,AYLae; L?CjJLa~ CDC; T~V coo 25l]C; MaQTLou, uJtllQxav rtoorroAE~Lxa aQxE~OL nOA UTloAU~ OLXOL avoxi)c;, nQwTTJC; XmTJYOQLac; OE ~LCDQO~a orrma 'Inc; AECDCjJOQOU BaOLAfCD£ fECDQYLOU xm BaoLALao~e; OAya~, 01:l]V,HAfXTQLXi) EnuQLu xm TlW coo AYYEMxTJ xm bfUTEQl]~ xatTJyoQLac; OLl]V ooo E8vLXi)~ A[.luvn~.

o XOLVWVLXO~ QOAO£ tCDV rtoovorv 0'1:0 [.lEOOrroAq.w rrrov unobfXtO£, a,v xru uvo[.loA6YTJto£, an' 6Aa La XOLVWVtX6. aTQW[.lma. OL noAUaQL8,[.lfe; XaL Euxm6.0LatEC; nOQV€e; [.laALOTa, YUQw OTO 193~, nQompfQ8l]xa~ vc aU[.l~aAOUV aVaAOya W UC; [.lnVtaLEe; ELo~QaS~LC; TWV O~L'tLWV TOUe; ornv LOQuan TOl) «AOUAOU Tn~ aAnTonmo~~», a,,:,noToLXo TOU «AOUAOU TOt' aAl)TOJtaLOOe;» - TOU YVWOLOU «Aous.ou TOU nmcwu» rtou AU TOUQYOUOE we; tou~ OELa[.loue; TOU 1978 o'rnv nAaTda LLVtQLpavLou. IIOAAE~ OLEU8uVt?LE~ OLXCD; a:voxile; [.If n,aQLtL6.vLxa CjJoQE[.lma, xQa-cWVLaC; ~EvTaAL8e; urto qnAvnm, JtllQav [.lEQOC; OE aVOLXTil OUOXftj.tl] rcou JtQ~Y[.latonOLl)oE OTl) eWoaAOVLXl] l] CjJLAav8QwJtLxi) OQyavCDOl] unEQ TnC; AAl)T6naLooe;, ana, orto»; 8Sl)YfL TJ AYYEALxi) MnaAALYOU, Jt~Qa ne; Ol)[.laVTLxE~ nQoaCjJoQE£ TWV XOLVWV yuvmxwv, «TJ n900na8ELa bf,V EtEAWCjJOQl)OEV EAAdtjJEL trnv JtQwtwv (3aoLxwv JtoQwv»; IIOA~Ee; n6QVEe; Exavav b())QEE£ 08 EXXAl]oLEC; XCl.L cpLAav- 8Q())JtLX~ LbQu[.l,ata XaL IlLa YV())Oti) ucvrcuo; n BLX1:WQW, rtou bL<_nnQOUOE O[.lCD;U[.lO 8Ea-:QO OTTJV KoMIlf30U XCl.L aAUOLba nOQvaCDV orrrv Mrtnon, O'uVaVtl]OE TO O'UVtaY[.lataQXl) NLXOAao

61

IIAaoTi)Qa otn 8wO'aAOVLXl], Xata rnv JtQonOl[.laoLa tl)e; otocnaC; 'tau 'E{3QOU LO 1923, XaL JtQ60CPEQE TnV JtEQLOuO'La tl]e; YLa TnV ayoQa 1;OQJtLA0{30AOU. H OE[.lvOTuCjJLa XaL 0 xa8())O'JtQ8JtLO'[.l6e; 6[.l())e; rou EVTL[.lOU aSL())[.lanXou xm rou bLXtataQa 8EOb())Qou II6.yxaAou aJt£QQL\jJaV rnv 88vLXi) rtoootpooc Tnr;.

IIEQa crto to, entonuo «onrno», rcov onotorv OL yuvaLxEe; rrEQvouoov crto 1;aXTLXO t'YELOVO[.lLX6 EAEYXO, noAA6. XOa[.lLXa SEVOboXda JtaQdxav «aJtoAauow_; VEOU rurtou» OtOUe; aOTOUe;, EUQ())rraLOUr; EJtLOXErrTE~ XaL EIlJtOQOUC; xaL yaLoXrrl[.lOVE~ Tnc; ucxsooVLXi)~ EvboxwQar;, orr())£ to Touoiot, ozou O1;a XQ6vLa tTJe; YEQllavLxilc; xC1toxile; E[.lEVaV OL XUnLtEXVLbE~ tl]~ oQy6.vCDofl~ «H XUQ6. bL6. tl)e; EQyaoLae;», TJ ortotc tjJuxaYCDyouof ta YEQ[.lavLx6. OTQaTEuunto, to Bixubou»; TO 2'JTA£VnrotTJ ooo BaOLAE())~ fE())QYLOU XaL TO Matiecm» ornv naQUALaxi) arr6Al]sn tl]C; ooou AYLa~ LocpLa~.

MEta tOY Jt6AEIlO, Tl)V xataAUTLxil xatoxi), TTJV OLXOVOiJ.LXij XQLOl] xm ne; XOLV())VLXE~ aVaXaLatasU~, OTa rroAUTEAij [.lJtoQv.EAa O'uxvatav xm [.lLxQoaOToL, £J[ilAUOE~ xaL JtEQL8wQLuX6. UTO[.la rtou JtAOVTLOaV orro TLe; naQuvollE~ JtOAE[.lLXEC; ouvaAAaYEe;, tn [.lavQl] ayoQu XaL ru; VEEe; OLXOVO[.lLXEC; OUV8ijXE£. To axaTaVOl)TO aAAa [.l6vLIlO LOTOQLX6 xmax6.8t 6A())V TCDV xQLoLIlWV EJtOXWV, dvm rr()); oro. xEvTQaJtoAuTEAda~ xm.rou; oLaxExQL[.lEvou; oi,xour; uvoxijr;, [.lovijQne; il ue EvaAAaO'OO[.lfVOUC; EQ())TLXOU~ OUVTQoCP01J;, ouxvatav OL (bLOt JtavTa TUJtOl, XOO[.lLXoL i) tl); AEy6[.l€vnC; xaAi!~ XOLV())'Vi,a~, 6Jt())e; TOU~ uJtoxaAolJOav OL ECjJfliJ.EQLbEe; tl)~ moxi)c;, OL OJtOi,Ol JtQOX£L[.lEVOU va XEQoooxonijoouv i] va bLatnQijoouv TTJV OLxoVOIlLXi! Emcp6.vuu TOUe; OuvEQyuaTflxav ue T01.'£ xataxTnTEr;, EYLVav aOL6.cpOQOL i] OOO'LAoYOL, OEV EVLoxuoav avaAOYLxa TOV £8VLXO ay6.)va. MEQLxoL [.laALaTa aJt' cutotx; tt- 1li!8nxav "Ita TTJV «E8vLXij noooooou», EX TOU aocpaAOUe;, X())QLC; oTEQilone;, [.lEOa OE Qot OOJ[.l6.TLa, SEaTQa. xaCjJE aavTuv,¢nAOT6.Bava aQxovnxu xm xaQTOnaLXtLXEe; AtoxEe;, EVW CjJLAOL toix, ouvromre; XL «xouo xm oUYYEvd~, avaAw8l]xav OE ayx6.)bELe; rtcQaVO[.lLEe;, EXT£AEOTTJXaV ij xa8TJxav Of E1;oQLE~, EXO\IJav OTl) [.lEOl] TQUCPEQOU~ EQ())TE~, YLa LbEE~ XCl.l LbaVLXU, nEQLEJt£oav OE EOXml] EvbELa f,l£TarrOAE[.lLx6. YLa va EJtLpLWaOUV OTTJV JtatQLCU, orcv OEV EXOLWXOVtav i) bEV [.lETaVUOTEuav ora SEva.

62

Tov rumxo OLXO avoxijc:;, OLfUQU!LEVO !LE HI V£CI. nfA.aTELCI. nov !L£OOCl.OTWV, 01'l]V 000 AYYfAa,Xl], EXEL ortou evrvcv, OTy] OfXaEtLa tOU '50, OL aXCl.QEC:; noA.UXatmxLE£ nov xu8l]YlJtwv, JtfQLYQacpEL 0 HA.LCI.£ Il£TQonouA.o<; OTO M1WVQi5iAo, r]rm AaoYQacpLxr] noavPOTEio nEQi TWV EV £:Uai5t oixiov avoxr]r; XaL rov nA'f/QWfA,oror; autdrv:

«To No 19 T'f/r; oi5ov AYYEAan1] -TvmxOr; ouaoixoc; oixoc avoxr]r;- EiXE oro woyno TO aaAOVL, toto i5WfA,ana XaL tua xovC:iva. Iro navw statcoua fiXE aA.AO iva aaAoVt, teoaeoa i5wwina xca A.OvTQoxap:rr:tvt. IvvEnWr; vnr]Qxav eana OLaeeO'LfA,a txouaua vux tu; EcpTa ELUWXAHO'TEr; nOQVEr;. H uavtoua, 0 pnQaj3or; Xat n vn1]Q£TQta c'5£v xouiovtouoav ue; ora uxoovteso. IT'f/ ovvxexoiuevt; nEQinTWO'f/ 'f/ uavuiua tn :rr:£Qicp'f/p'f/ xuota ,1£&, ElfWTr](}ta rpiA'f/ rav OTQaT'f/YOV BaQi5ovAaX'f/ xai xouustaoa TOV aaTVVOptXOV OLW(}vvTrj Movuxovvn'/J £f.lEVE nAat aTO AEVXO Ilvoyo. Kdee nOQvn dXE oro owpan6 T'f/r; ro xQEj3dn, uia vrovAana, Eva xouo, Eva TQa:rr:it;L xai xava Ovo xaQ£XAEr;. &vf.lapaL nOAv xaAd on 1] noovn AiAa (vvv WQLf.l'f/ xai al;wuej3aar'f/ aon] TT/r; 060v IIaTQtaQXov Ioxixeiu) EiXE otnv xapaQ1] TT/r; Eva YQapfA,6rpwvo. KaAoQLcpiQ 6ev vnr/QXE. Ka(}E r5wparw Eixe tn oouna TOV. Ilavt» oto xouo 'f/ xAaO'Lxrj A.Exavn, 'f/ XAaO'Lxr/ xavdw Xat ra XAaatxo f.l7rovxaAL PE to nEQfA,ayxavaT. Xiuuo aTO 6ane60, XLAifA,W xat XOVQEAOV&r;. To xQEj3an navw OLnA6 xai otoonuvo. Ilavoi OTO xQEj3dn, exeivo TO aTQoyyvA.6 xai tooistono pal;LA.aQaXL via to oxoio EXW {ltA.rjOEL. H nOQVTf i5oUA.WE xai xatoixoeae oro 6wpan6 TT/r;, nov rjwv xevtaxabaoo. Ira aaA6vL TOV OevTeQov natcauacoc; &v xaeovrovoav note Ot nEAaTEr;. OAEr; oi n6QVEr; Exavav TT/ cptyovQa rovr; oto oaA6vL TOV woyeiov.

»H OLW(}VVTQW (ry XaL LOLoxrryTQW) rov {lnOQvTEAOV Aty£TaL uavuuux r] statoova ry uaioova ry a:rr:oD6xwua, navrwr; oi n6QVEr; T1]V anoxaA.ouaav uaua. AQXLXWr; 'f/ Atl;T) naTQ6va eonuaive 6, ti Xat am LTaALxa (oixooeonoiva). H uavtaua xouQvtat;e niot» an6 TO toueio T1]r;, nov mav uvV1j(}wr; nA.dt otrtv el;wnoQm. An6 XEL OLT)V(}VVE 6A'f/ TT) aOvAEta. Oi xVQWt aToxO£ TT)r; 60VAEtar; T1]r; uavuuuu; noave TQW;: EWEnQaTTe TO ttumu: r'f/r; ovvovotac; itaQ6rQvvE TOVr; nEAaTEr; va OLaAil;ovv iva xootioi, EnEj3aUE T'f/V ral;'f/ xai TT/V eimoexeia.

o 'EQw<; ox£nEL Tl]V JTOA.Y]

63

»To tiunua TT/r; ovvoootcu; ro EwtnQaTTE 'I n6QvT/, w8vr; uetu Tr}V reAW1] T'f/r; EQwnXnr; nQal;ewr; xat EVW 0 neJ..aTT/r; nwv axout; pwoyr5vror;. AxoA.oveWr; 'f/ stoovn j3yaivEL ano to 6wpano rT/r; xat. nan oro taueio. 6nov Xara8eTEt ro noaov naiovovtai; aVTLoToixwr; pia iuioxa. .. »

Exto<; «no TL<; Ol]A.W!LEVE<; yuvatxEC:; TWV nOA UTEAWV !LnoQvTEAWV rrou uJto~aA.Aovtav ouxva OE LCl.tQLXb; Et;ETaOEL<; OTOV uYELOVO!LLXO ota8!Lo TY]<; 000'0 InrtooQo!Ltou, unijQxav XCH nOAAEC:; aoijAWTf<;, nOAUTEAELC:;, YLa XOVTQCt ~Cl.AaVtLa, rtou E!LEVaV OE noA.uxCI.tmXLE<; TWV XEVTQLXWV oQOW.ov tl]<; nOAl]<;, ~EOnEQE, IlaACHwv IIaTQwv fEQ!LCl.VOV, AEWCPOQOU LTQaTOV, 25l]<; MaQTLou, IIQLyXl]JTo<; NLxoAaou x.c.

«Avwi t;wmv EA.eu8EQat eVTOr; nOA.VXaTOLXLwv itoo navT6r; TWV f.leyaAvrEQwv 06wv», YQacpEL Y] AYYEALXij MnaAALvov OtO ~LBALo Tl]C:; Ot yvvaixEr; rov EAarpQov xoauou T'f/r; (9woaAovixT/r;, «iva OVTW at etoeoxoueva: nr; avrar; un XLVWat rnv nQoaOXr/v TOV xoouov ... ,1varvxwr; veaooiarca veaL an6 15-25 eubv 8vovat eu; TOV eoon« dvw ov&vor; steoiooiouot; at60vr; n ovaroAiJr;, el;eQxowvat ueui tnv 6vm v rov 'f/Aiov ava mr; obovr; TT/r; n6AEWr; xara t;eVyr] xm TO Ef.l7rOQWV T'f/r; oooxoc; noA.A.dxtr; otnxa EXTi8Erat aovar6AWr; nQo TWV ouuauov TOV XOt VOV ... »

Lll] OLaQXWX 1l]C:; KaToxijc:; OL I'eouovot dXav Emtat;H nEvn:

ESL O(,XOU£ avoxij~ YLU Ta E:JTLAEXTa T!Lll!Lata 1'OU£, OL 010 YUVULXE£, an' OA£<'; tL£ £eVLXOTr]lE<;. rrtov cnpoya VTU!LEVEC:; XaL dXav cuornQ6TaT01J<; Jt£QLOQLO!LoD<; XaTa Tl]V Et;OOO tOU<; orto rc nOA.UTEAl] !LnoQVt£). .. a, YLa nQoAl]ntLxoDc:; A6youc:; UYLHvijc:; lWV xcroxtnlWV.

«Q; nQor; TOY axon6v in; E~Vn'f/OEriJaEwr; TWV l;tvwv aTOaTWpaTW'II», OUVEXt~EL l] AYYC:ALXll MnaAALvov, «GvvwTiJ8'f/aav xca ELOLxoi "4>tA6~fVOt oixot", axoxseumso»; e~VnT/QETOVVrEr; mum ue uuca TiQav WTQlxiJv nEQi8aA.1/Jl v xai em T1JQ'f/OL v,»

TY]v LOW nEQLooo OL fEQ!LavoL ELXCl.V LOQVOEL OTl] 0woaAOVLXl] JtOAACt XCl.~LVCI. XaL XaQTOJtaLXtLXEC:; AEOXC:<;, yw vc. naQaxoA.ou-

64

Oouv n.; O!LaOE'; E8vLXiJ£ ovrtoroonc XCl.L TaU'; OU'Waxou.;. 2:n.; AEOXE; nEQLcpEQOVTav 6!lOQCPE£ yuvaLxE';, SEVE; XCI.L EAAllVLCiE';, OL JT:EQLOOOt€Q€; XaAU!l!LEVE'; n6Qv€£, nou tnm~C1.v OUVrl8w£ to OLJtA6 JtQaXtoQa OE rt:Q!LClvou,;, OU!L!Laxou; xm ·EAAllVE';. ErnxscpaM£ tWV AEOXWV iJTCl.V 0 nQaxtoQa.; Tll'; [XEOTanO II€QLXArl£ NLxoAat611£, vvrooro; W£ IIEQL NLXOAClL, nou iJQ8E 01:11 0EOoaAoVLXy] w.; noOoocpCI.LQLOtiJ; tau «HQaxAiJ» C1.rr6 rrrv KapaAU, aAAa qJ1JAax,(oTllxE, w.; €!lnQll0tiJ; xanvan08iJxll£, OtO EJtTCl.JtUQYLO, C1.n' ortou TOV epyaAav oi Na~( yLCI. v« tOY PaAouv OTllV urmoeot« roue.

To JtQWTO xa~Lvo A£LtoUQYll0E to 1942 oro xorpeveto Naouoa ornv nAaTda AYLC1£ LOcpLCI.£, axoAoV8110E to Atyc:dovtll£ ooo» EQ!Lou XCI.L TO IIEQo){.e, to Ka~ivo-BaQLETe-Nraatvyx, OTO <flaAy]QO,l1 Nea A{;oXlJ OtO XCl.CPEVc(O EQP:riC; tll£ nACl.tcLCI.£ AyLCI.£ 2:0- qJLa£, Y] MEyaAlJ A {;aXlJ, orrrv 006 AyiC1£ 0wCiwQa.;, Y] AfOXlJ BwaaAov{XlJC; x.n., orrou !LC1~L !Lc to. C1.JtoPQaO!laTa., TOU£ va~L, t01J£ llauQayoQL Tel; XCI.L TOU; OOOLAOyoU£ XUXAOqJoQouoav iW.L nOnOL aCiLacpoQoLYLCI. to. oU!LpaLvovtCI. rnv rrcQLooo exetvn aOTaL TY]t; noATJ£, C1.vayovta.; rnv EqJiJ!LEQY] 01JyxLvnOTJ TY]£ Q01JAETa£ 010 srtcvoAa.IlPa.VO!LcVYj natQLwnxiJ IlHOOOO(U.

Ilona XEVTQa. oLaOXEoaOll'; «CiL' OLXOYEVtLa-;» yLCI. LOLCI.L1TQa. cQu)Uxa QCl.vn.pou XaL YLCI. HPiJllfQl) CiLCl.OxtoaOl) !LE TL£ nOLXLAWVU[.!E£ Cl.QtLOL€t; ELXa.v OtTJ8d OE JtOAAa oTJ[.!da Trlt; nOAY]t;, orto TO MJtEX'tOLVCl.Q W£ tnv AQfTOOU, axoAou8wVTCI.£ Tl)V EJtOXLXl'j rtoxeooollLxiJ XWQOElE'tl)OY] turv XEVTQWV X,al Tlj !LEtfYXCl.TaOTCI.Ol'j Tout; «no rrEQLOXl'j OEJtEQLOXi), Cl.vaAoya [!E Tl) ~i)'tTJOT] XCI.L tT]V OLXOVO[!Lxl'j OUYXUQLC1.

LlLaOlj!LCI. XEVTQCI., rrQlV tlJ !LLXQC10Lccnxl'j XCl.TaOtQoqJl'j, rnv JtUQXCl.YLa TaU' 17 XCI.L TlJV JtQOOqJtlYLXl'j JtAlJlllluQLoCl., oaou EnWaOTl)xe 0 EQWtCl.t;, /lEOa. XL tsw C1.JtO xa'tEOTy]IlEva T]8LXa 6QW ty]£ EJrOxiJt;, l'jTCI.V to MnfxrmvaQ, 'to taxaQonACl.oTdo CPAGua OTY]V JtAatao EAEuEJEQLCl.t;, YVWOLO ere JtEQUta TOU Xoo!LOU coto TOt''; BCI.QLEOtlJIlEV()U; aSLW[!atLXOu£ XCI.L OJtAL'tE£ TWV [!ET6m08cv Tlj£ OTQCma.; tTJ'; AVCl.TOAl'j£, TO orroto oLCl.ow8nXE uno tL£ EJrLOtoAE£ XCI.L xaQt JtOmaA nou EYQacpav OTCI. (JtQOYYUAa !LCl.Q!LaQLVCI. TQCI.m~taxw TaU, to Aura{ovmo KaQCI.!LJtOuQvaxL [!E toA!LnQ6 nC1Qk ~LaVLXO JtQoYQCI.!L!La, TO nCl.AL6 NWQeOll)V 006 IlQLyxljJtot; NLXOAaOU, JtQLV [!ctaqJ€Q8d OTTJV JrCQlOXl'j TaU AEUXOl) lluQYou, to

: r

o tQWC; OXEJtH TTJV Jt6An

65

MOVAEV Pov~, otn E>qtLOToxM 2:oqJOUAl), onou 6AO to uJtT]QEtLx6 JtQoowmxo ntov yuvabtE£, TO Mno Ptf3a~, OtTJ OLC101:Cl.UQWOTJ BeOlMw£ rt:wQY(ou XCI.L Ayia£ TQLaoac;, [lE LowLTEQC1 XWQLo!-wTa YLa rou; cQWT€U[l£VOUC;, TO Aous£!.tj3oVQYO, nCl.ALa OE O€UTEQTJ XQi)OT] 'tQaJtd~CI. qJaYTJTOU xa80ALXOU [!OVCl.OTT]QLou, TO Poua ZOQ~, OTl) AEWqJ6Qo BaOLALOOl)£ 'OAya£, OTTJ Olj!LEQLVl'l AfWqJOQEWXi) croon [EWQYLOU, JtOU qJlAOsEVljOE 8EC1tQo XCI.L paQLETE x.a.

H E>EooaAovLxn, C1.vnYQacpovTCl.t; a[!EOCI. TOV 'l.jJuXaywYLx6 OUQ!L6 TTJ'; EUQwJtTJ;, ELol'jyaYE OtO TEAO'; TOU nEQaO!lEVOU uuovc C1.n6 TTJV EOJtEQLC1 XaL TO. X,C1cpt OC1VtaV, Eva ELoot; 8E<XTQOU XCI.L [!EOEUQwnCl.·Lxou xacpEvdou. SEVE'; XOQ€UTQLEC; nou qJOQOUOCl.V cpQa!lJtaAME'; orn OXTJviJ sEOi)XWVCl.V, IJ,E TO. €QWTLXa TQCl.Y01:JOLC1 XC1L TO. JtQOXATJTLXa ALxvLo!LC1Ta XC1L naVWOljXW!lCI.Ta TWV nOAuntUXWV qJouOtC1VLWV roue, tOU'; 8C1.!LWV€'; Jt01J x6.80vTCl.v Qa8u!La yuQwano [.LLXQ<X !J.Cl.Q!LaQLVC1 TQC1m:~aXLCI.. TC1 xaqJE oovtov W.; fUQWJta'Cx6 £loot; €!J.qJCl.VLOTljXaV Cl.QXLXU OTO <flQCl.yxollaxaAU ortou xc- 1:OLXOUOCl.V ct>QayXOL xaL aAAOL EUQwno.i.oL XL EqJtaOC1V OTlJV C1X[.Ltl tOU; OTa xQ6vLa rou MC1XECOVLXOU MfLwnou, xaAuntOvto.; TTJV JT8QLOXi) an6 tnv nAC1tELa EAEU8EQLas w; TO <flaAl)QO. TETOLCI. LOL6TUJtC1 XEVtQCI., Jt01J "Co. anOCEXTlJx,C1V OL C10TOL Ty]'; JtOATJ£, ornOnxov xmu !J.i)xos Tl)'; nC1QCl.ALC1; W tC1 ovoucro SnAE:VTlT, KQvaTriA, OAvp.ltoC; Ilasa«, MJwQ eoovo« XCI.L ana, TO. ortotc [.L€ avoQ86YQC1qJ€£ 10m YQaqJE£ OTCI. YC1AALXU xaAouaav TOU'; OTQCl.TLWre; v« JtaQaxoAou8i)00uv to. nQoYQa[.L!Lata [!E lJ!LLyu[.Lv€£ C1QtLOTE£, SEJtW!L€VE£ aQLoTOx,Qauooe.; XC1L EAATJvi.6c,; 8€Cl.TgLvEt; Jt01J rccvoucooocv yaAALxa, LtaALxa XC1L Y€Q!laVLXa TQayouoLC1.

To. xaqJf ocvtcv JtaQaxwQTJOC1V Tlj 8£011 TOU'; ow !LEoon6AE[!0 OTa PCl.QLETf, Eva doo; nOAuTEAOU£ xacpEvdou [.LE nAouoLO CLCtXO- 0[.L0, ana Eva [.LEtaJtQatLx6 '\jJUXCl.YWYLXO doo; TTJC; EJtOxl'j;,!L€ EAAlJVLXE; XC1L sEvEt; OQXtlOTQc'; XC1L tQCl.YOUOLOT£'; [.LE EAATJVLXO xm ~tvo QEJtEQ"C6QLO. H oUYXQOVlj naQC1AAayl'j TOU£, TC1 xo.!J.naQE, [.LE l)[.LLYU!LV€; yuvaLXEt; EAEu6EQLwv l)6wv, rtou xQCl.tOUV EQWTlXi) ouVTQOqJLa croix OTEQn!LEVOU; 8a[.Lwv£,; }taL naQoCiLxoU'; EJtLOXErrte; TlJ'; Jt6AlJ£, nl.vovTCI.£ Xa!10!Li)AL rtou XQ€WVETCI.t W£ C1XQLj30 OULOXL, EL VC1L EXqJUALO!J.EVl) €SEAd;lj TWV €QWTLXWV XEVTQWV 'l.jJuxaYWYLC1C; "COu ueconoxeuou

Tnv LOLCI. EJtOxi), JtQ60qJUYEC; XCI.L EQyaTE';, JrCLvaO!1£vOL orto TY]V

66

a~£QYLa xa~ XUV11Y1'JllfVOL coto to «LOU:DvUlla»xaL HI; aVTLoQaoTLXE<; XU~£QV110£L<; TOU Il,EOOJtOA£1l0U XaL LOU EWPUA(OU, E~QWXaV xa~acpuyLO oroi»; 1:£X£o.£1,; TOU ALllavLO'0, TOU BaQoaQr] xen T11£ A ~La<; 1>WT£L ~11£, O£ Q£IlJtETLXa OLEXLa XaL JtQOocpuYLxa xacp£VELa, orcou UV£(3A u~£ II JtLxQa Tll<; ~Wl1<; XaL 0 XU1'J1l6£ TOU qmOo.LOJ.tEVOU EQWTa.

Tn £JtLX£L~a Tll<; £Qwnxl1£ £A£u8£QL6T11TaI,; XCXL T11<; av£1;EA£YXTll<; Jt0Qv£La<; aT11 8EOoaAOVtxll, os EXQv8J.t£<; Jt£QL6o.ou<; JtOAEucov xen ~OLVWV~XcOV uvaTaQ;XXcOv, aVTUvaxAovv on<; Lo.LaL1"£Q£<; aV,acpoQ£<; ~onaLQwv Tl)<; JtOAl)<; XaL «Emf:lI£IilQ1'JTcOv TOU vuvrnX£LOU l)J.tLxoollou» XaL Tl)V avc:on;ul;ll TIilV CillJ.t6mwv LCXTQ£Lwv yw T1'JV aVTLmpQOo.wwXl1 J.tEQLJ.tva.

C? avnaCPQOo.LOL~x6<; ow8J.to<; ue T1'JV mvaxLCia OE yaAALxiJ YAWOOU «P?ste Ant~- Venerien» OTO uovooooo oLx1'JJ.ta LOU BaQMQl) ~La(Jw8lJXE xaQ11 _an<; cpwToYQacpLE£ oou~EvLQ TWV I;fVWV cpavLaQwv T1'J<; oLQanu<; T1'J£ A voro), iJ<;, rtou ErraLQvav Mvajlll YLa T,a ulLJtqLa LOU IlETcOrr?U crro LO OALYOl1jlf'Qo l;£cpavTWjlU ow xacpE ouvtuv TOU BaQoaQ11 XaL TU JtoQvda T11£ MrraQa<;. To avnacpQoCiwLaxo: LOQ'0jla1:u axoAou8lloav TOrroYQacpLxa T11V XOLVWVLX~ unoCioXl1, CiLEjl~OAL~OVTa<; TlJV rr6AlJ, uno La LaLQ£ta LOU ~uQo.aQ1'J XaL :rou ALJ.ta~LOu w<; TO UYELOVOjlLX6 XEVTQO T1'J<; JtEQLOX11<; InnooQojlLOU, XaL TEQjla OTO voooxoueto acpQobLoLWV XaL bEQjl~nxcOV ;6owv, jlETa TO 1917, OL1'J (3LAa LOU EAAllVOQcOoou JtQOI;£VOU Iw~vvlJ XaT~llAa~CtQov, an<; ooou<; ~£ACPcOV, AVUAl1- 1j)£w<; xm AQTEjlLOO<; Tll£ aVaTOALxr)<; 8woaAovLxll<;.

To «UY£LO,VOJ.tLX6 XEVTQO» Tll<; oCio'0 Irtrtooooutou, OTl)V moxiJ LOU EjlCPUALOU, JtEQLYQacp£L us EVTOVll nmC)Lxl1jl vr]llr) 0 T6Ar)<; Ku~avT~iJ<;:

«.dinAa EiXE ,Eva amrCt~£ ono» nEQvayav OAE~ ot "6T1110owr;" rTlC; ?,eaaC:AOvtX~C; vta E!;eWOT/. K£ niave tote I1E tu; "EmXELQ~oeu; YEI1~rTl 1J nOATI W arQar6 xat ccto tetoia oit: tux, xat I1M£am vta xa()E raE:Tf1J. Ouox; XL e!;w ano TO ooouo t{jAEJrlX, va xvXAO;rOQ?VVE Eva aWQ6 an:' avtei; T6TE tu; XaTaAa{jw';Ee; ue TO nocno. ?l1we; OEV:reELQal;'avE xavEva. EiXE xa()e uuz r1J ywvux r1Je; xai :TfEQtpEVE, XL eQx6vravE :TfaQfEe; naoee; at ipavraooi XL OL 6A-

67

AOL >cm ),tyav ovo xovf3evrEe; )u »ateoa avree; p:reQoora XL ~L aAAOL niowJr1JyaivaVE otoix; XOQwri;;ij&e; ij ora Ef3Qaitxa {.!VTlf.WW t], yw xovra, OE xavfva f30/-lf3aQOWl1tvo onit: t7 oe xava JraQar~/.1,EVO OLx6m:60. TTiV Ilt,mr1J 6Wl}e; TO nQ~o{ fQ~OYTaV aTOAWWvee; 6AEe; vux EJfL()eWQ1JarJ, {.!OVClxEe; rove;, TI, av ELxav, {.!E rove; VTaj3aTt;r]6ee; TOVe;, nov xa()ovrav naQanfQa, a' Eva xarr;£VE~O xai rex Atyav ava/-lerasv rov~. 'Htav f1,EQ~xte; an' ta aXQ~j3a am n~, nov fQXOVTaV iu: rast. An' r ' "A YYEAaxw" xai tnv "HAexrQ£xrj etat-

oeia" ... »

To naALO vEoXAaaLXO XTLOjlU TOl) voooxojldou acpQocwtoov voolljlCCrwv, rtou La \jJllAOTCt~aVa oWlJ,cma CPLAO;EvtlOav XQ~VO~Lvc, aOTLXf~ TumxoTllT£<; xm OLJtAoojlC:tTLXOU£ xa8worr,QEmO!l0l)~. TWQU 8wQd jlEAayxoAlxa JtQ60wna rtou naaxou; aJtO jla~aCPQavrcc, OUCPLAlJ, XOVCUAWjlma XL aAAa OLaXQOYL~a aCPQ~OLOLa lOY OUX EOTLV aQL8jl6<;. LTa nQ68uQa Tal) 210u ouovc XT~Jtll0E T~V £Qoo1:a tl xUTaQa LOU EL T~, JtOU cp~vTa~EL jl,£OaLooVLX~ EJtL611jlW tmQooTa or«; 8EQarr£'0OLIJ,E<; rraALEC; acpQoOLaLE<; _aQQooO~LE<;. K~L nUAL crto TO: LQUYLxa 8'0jlaTO: Tl OUYXQOVLXT] O:QQWOTLa n11QE JtQWTO, yUQW OTa 1980. OO:AOVLXLO jl6,OLOTQO, ~ou dXE X~VEL OU,8VELC; EmTuXLE<; XaL EQwnx£<; rrEQLnoALE~. ~UTOL OL TEAEOL~Lxa jlEA,AO- 8UVUTOL o:vu:rtorrTOL aUT6XELQE~ LOU EQ(JHU, vOOllA£uovTaL TWQa OE E LO LX~UC; 8O:ACtjlOU<; TWV jlEYCtAIilV VOOOXO!lE,LooV, urrooL,oJtojl:rtuLm LQUYOL XL cero TOU<; LCiLOU<; TOU<; jlETUOO~LE<; TlJ<; xa-yuQa<;, ue LO cp6~0 Em8ETLx6 os voOOX6jlE~ XaL yLUTQOl)~, rtou <pLava 0:

UXQaLo XOLVWVLX6 QaToLOjl6, onw<; LO~ JTE?LEYQa\jJE jl~ LO:LQLXTl EjlJtELQto: ° llEQLXAT]<; LcpuQlolJ£ OLO OL1'JYlljla TO~ To {.!Lc:al1a. OL aAAGL, jlE Ta 8EQanEvoLjla acpQoCiLma, avaxuAouv: SOOQoovta<; T,a o.vayAucpo: m(3uvLa Ttl<; JTQOSEVLXT]<; ~LAa<;, TO o~tljlo. ttov xajlEvorv yuvmxdwv JtQOOcOJtIilV rtou unoYQa\jJav Errwo.uva rnv EQW-

nxil TOU<; EXTOVWOlJ.

TA AAtKA NY<POITAZAPA

OEQWTa~' taJt£Lv6<pQ(!)v, uVaXWQljTi]~ xm ALTO()(mlO~, ClJtOXaAVJt1EL XaACW[..Lm:a, OXO'tELV(x aAOVAALa, [..LLOO<pUJTLO[..LEVOUS; bQo!-wu~, aJtO[..LEQa Aq..laVC1}Ua, JtEQL<pEQELaXU aYQ01E[..lUXW. XaL XanLEQYlj[..LEVa XWQa<pLa, [..L' Eva AOYO ano(;lj'tu rnv mQl8wQLaxi) lOJt0YQa<pLa nl~ nOAlj~ XaL TWV JtaQuqJwv Tlj~, IJ,axQLu «no ta aOLCtxQLTa f}H[..L[..La.ta ma.YYEA[..lanWV urrovurnoT!;l1oUJv xrn HlxaLwv nEQaOtlXwv. H XataqJl'yi) TWV EQWTEU[..LEvorv Of: ano[..LEQa [..lEQlj i]tav JtaYLu ouv118ELa wL oExaE1LE~ JtQLV «reo TT] WtanOAE[..Llxi) oEl;ouaALx11 anEAE11SEQUJOlj, Yla va Il-lj OT][..lLouQYlj8ouv OLxoYEVELaXU oQa[..lm:a, EYXAEW[..LoL tWV XOQL TOLWV otn oJtLna, JtaQax0Aou8i]oEL~ aOEAqJwv xm vovtrov, YLa vu oLaowed 0 XOLVWVLX6£ xaJjwoJtQEmo[..l6~ XaL T] JtaQ8EvLa, YV11ma 11 nQooJtoLT]Ti] JtQOUlT08EOiJ '{La ya[..LO xm XOLVWVLXi] xCiTal;LWOlj. Ta ouYXQova olj[..L6ma XaQL TW[..lEVa <pLAla, OL ayxaALE~ OE oTaoH£ AEw<poQ£Lwv XaL oQ6!..lWV avulTavoQwv EQaoTwv 11TCl.v JtQOJtOAEIl-LXU OE UAAE£ lTOAas; an:ayoQEUIl-EVlj oT][..l6ma OXljVn XaL T] rcaQ6f}aolj alT6Toiq..lllQOU£ EQUOTES; lTQoxaAouCHo, ov OXL EllE[..lf}aOT] TT]£ aOTUvo [..lLa£, tnv JtQOXA T]TLX n lTaQE[..l[)aoy] OE!..l votuqxov l]A LX lW[..LEVWV.

LTT] 0EOoaAovLxll 11 JtOAllE8vLXi] Cl.onxn oU[..Lf}Lwolj, lj xaMtQwolj TWV 118wv Myw ALI..lavLoLOU lTEQL[)6noVTO£ XaL OUVEXOU£ aOTLxi]£ (;wi]£, T] JtaQouoLa XLAlCtOUJV OtQm:lWTLXWV OTOV JtQWTO rcaYXOO!lW Jt6A£[..lO xm OL OUYX£VTQWOW; E1EQ6xA1]TWV lTAr]8uO[..LWV, JtQOOqJ1JYLXWV, aVTaQTorcAljXTWV xm E<JUJTEQLXWV uercvcOTWV, lj rcQWl[llj ESOOO~ TYl£ yuvaLxas;, xUQLUJ~ Tlj£ JtQOOqJUY0J10UA(1(;, 010 EQYOOTaoLO XaL trrv XOLVUJVLX'I'] (;(0'1'], oLa<poQoJ1oLljOCl.V Tl]

70

OTaon, TWV XaTO(X<;DV aJtevavn oru; £Lx6v€£ TaU EQw.a, LTnV noAlJ Orr?VLa XaTa.YQa~lJX€ EYXAlJlJ,a yLa A6Y01J£ T~IJ,i)£ XaL OL €~WOU~UYLXE'; E~WnX€£ ax€o€L£, rrEQa cero TnV a.oIJ,Lxi) Cl.vdoQaon, O€V nQOXaAO~oav OLXOYEvELaxE'; XaL XOLVWV~XEe; xaTaxQauYEe;, YVcOQLI-tE£ O€ aAA€£ mQ~OXE£,

EVTolJTOLe;, 0 EQwTae; TWV Aa'LxcOv LO(We; oTQWl-taTwv xo'TECPE1JY€ OTa xaAao~aTa TWV a;aTOALxcOv ~1J~Cl.VTLVcOV TELXcOV, OTa xa/-tEva:'I1c; rrlOQLxauoTne; ~w;n£ /-tHO. TO 1917, oro E/3Qa'exa V€XQOTacpEta Tn£ rr?vmWT,nI-tL01JrrOAlle;, OTOU£ XEL/-taQQoue; Tn£ Tou/-trrae; XaL Tne; AY,La£ TQ~aoUl;, OTCI. YQaa(6La XaL TOUe; 8a/-tvou£ TWV ut°OCPWTW/-t,lOVWV :rwQxwv, OTa aAOUAALa TWV LaQaVTa EXXA1'jOLcOV X?L TOU L€LX LOU, OTa OTOLXHWI-tEva ue rrTcOlJ,ata lOXT€A€O/-tEVWV Q€l-tata Trl£ ~6~ae;, OTa xalJ,60m TO. Tn£ A y(a£ cI>wTEL vi)£, oro crto. /-tlOQ~ AL/-tCl.VUX~a XaL TLe; aVTWtlOQa aXTE£ TOU 0lOQlJa'LXOu, OE OLTUQ?Xu;'Qacpa XaL XaAaIJLcOVlO';, :n:Q~v YLVOUV OLx6:n:lOOa XaL XOQEUTLxa XEvTQa~ OTOV naALO 0~nQ06g01JLX6 ota81J6 xm OTa IJE86QLa TWV 6unxwv rrQoocpuYLXWV OUVOLXLOlJcOV YUQw uno To. nOA urrQoowna aTQat6rrlO6a Xat tn EIJ:n:lOOO,

o E_QwTa£ E~aY~UoE ~aL Cl.rrOXa~Cl.QE OuaoolJa OOXaXLCI. Tn£ :n:av~ nOAlle;, 9urrugu OLX?:rtEOa, rrEQLcpof3a xaAaalJata xaL VEXQOTCI.cpELa tn~ nOA~e;, rrQOCl.UALCI. EXXAl]O~cOV XaL nACl.TELE£, nEQa crto TO. YQacPLX_a naQaALa xacp£V€OaXLCl" QOlJaVTLxa ava\jJuxTi)QLa, f3a8uoxic nCl.Qxa !-t£ ~vmLY,Q~cpa rrCl.yxaxLa 1"ne; lOQwnxi)e; ava~i!Tllon£ XCI.L tn.; !.tOV~~Lae;, AaLxa OUVOLXLaxa 8EQLva OLVElJ,a/-t€ U£ naVL;E£ rrOAU~QOVE£, Tt£ rraoxaALEe; rtou otEcpavwvav U£ o86vEe;, ortou ~lOVLE'; XLVllIJawYQacp6cpLAwv 1"UUTL01"nXaV IJ£ ne; EQwnXEe; UJtEQ(3a?€L£ Tll£ 086vn£ XaL TO yxgEIJLOlJa 1"Wv OVELQWV coto XOLVWVLXOUe; XaL OLxOY€Vaaxoue; Xa1"atQfYIJ,OU';,

H :n:~Qa6?oLaxi) ~mAoyi) rcov €QwnxcOV OUVtQ6cpwv 01"n 0EOoaAo~Lxll nrcv uVExa8EV 1"0. Vucporra~aQa, XlOVTQLXO( OQ6IJ,o~, JtAaTELE£ X_aL nQOX,UlJ,aLE£, onou 010 aAAmaHnA€e; (30ATE£ EV1"O£ o ~ w8€1:n IJ~VOU crro :n:aQa6oon 6 LaYQalJlJaTOe; Y (, VOVTav 0 L EQwnx~£ Em,all!lavone;, OL aVTo.AAay££ j3AE!llJ,a1"wv XClL Mywv Xat TEA~xa XA~LVOVT~V to. QaVT€j3ou 010 XatannAO XcOQo XUL XQ6vo, Tu; rraQaooOLaX€'; !lOQCPE£ TWV vucporra~aQwv U:n:OXatEOTlJoav noorrOAE!lLXa OL XOQo€OrrEQL6E';, To. XUTnxnux6., OL fxxAna~aOlJ,o[, xm OL JtEQL<POQEC; TWV Em Tacp(wv

71

«Mui MEyaATj IIaQaaXEVr] {3Qaov», 8UIJaTo.L 0 KWVOTUVtLVO£XQLOtOcpOQOe; Po6oxavaXlle;, «OTTjV neoupooa TOV Em tcupiou, evca xarr}cp6QL~a ueoa oro nkrj80q TTjV 006 A vta; TQLaooq fJE avauuevo xeot oro xtQL, ° CPTEQWTOq aVT6q uxauxeon; ~E{36QEa.E an6 niota xaioxeqax», 'Htav eva an6}"vTo, uovaoixo, 8avfJ,aoio, CPWTWfJeVO and TO xEQi xoooosxo XOQL TaW V, nov av:anoxQi8TjXE u' eva a&6Qaro xafJ,oye}"o OTTj qJwyaAta &aaravQwaTj TWV (3AEfJ,fJ,aTwv .. .»

OL Hi!ow~ XOQOL fv80'1:omxcOv OUAAOYWV Xat OWlJatELWV, 'to. x£vroo 6 Laox£6uoT]C;, 'to. ~axaQoJtAao'tELa xaL aAAE£ XOLVWVLX£C; EX- 6T]AcOOHC; xm TlOAEU'taLa TO. V€OAm(OTlXa rraQ'tL xm cp€OTL/3aA, 'to. XEvTQa YVWQL!!Lac;, OL VnOXOT€X xm 'to. !JJTuQaxLa. To rraQaooOLax6 vucpo:n:a~aQo OTT] 0woaAOvLxT) JtCl.QEIJELVE we; ne; !lEQ€e; I-WC; n Aa'LxiJ €QwnxiJ €Xoi)AWOll EJtiJAUOWV xm Jt?oac~nJYwv,

fVWOTOl XcOQO~ vucpoJtu1;a.Qou 0'tT) 0WOCJ.A.OVlXn nrov noorroA€!!lXa to. «MaQlJaQa», OTO rruQxo TOU Asuxo» IluQYou, oxou rrQ~v cno TT)V a:n:tAEu8£QWOTj aJt08i)xlOuoav !laQlJ,aQLva orraQuyucr« CJ.QXUlWV avayA.ucpwv ceto TO. xanoacpLOIJ,£Va <:va'tOA.L~a TEtXn TT]e; JtOAn<;, n JtAatELa TOU Awxou UUQYOU, II oooe; E8vLXT)e; A!luVl]e;, 11 JtAcnda rou rraALOU OLOllQoOQOIJLxOU OTa81J,01J, II JtAaTlOLa EA.€u8EQLae;, at OUQEC; TWV JtaA.LWV xLvlllJaT0YQacpwv, to. xcQa~6.xla rrou lOXtEA.OUOUV oQOIJ,OA6YLa arro;:o AllJavl we; 't~v aJt£vcvn aXTi), n JtaALa JtQoxu!laLu xru at XWQat TWV 8aAaooLWv A.OU'tQ(DV O€ 6A11 tnv tXTUOT) Tnc; 8EQ!la'Lxi!e; aXli)e;, coro TO xa!lEVO xljJtO lOU Mrr£X1"OLvaQ we; TT]V Ay(a TQL6.6a xm T11 MllxuvlcOva,

«H :rruQu},,[a tuu; eivai OfJ,OQqJry xat E}"XVEL TOV nEQLnUrTjT1/», yQacpEL OTO Mv8tOT6QTjfJ,a in; xVQiuq EQOTjq 0 N~XO~ ra~Qli!A, IlEvl~txllC;. «K68E an6{3Qaoo XaL iotox; uq Kuouxxe; yt VETaL EXH ro vVqJonal;;aQo. An6 AEvx6 llvQYo nQoq AQtoraTeAOV~, onou m 8EQwoi XLVrj{.wraYQaqxJ[ 1/ avturtootpox; xvx},,0CjYoQd ~aL avvw- 8d.raL fJ,f:ya nAiJ8o~, nov f-I.noQEic; va TO aEQywvtO~tq, aVE:r.a, X~niouevo; orov E!gdJarTj rov namQwv rTjC; naQa()a}"aamaq AaroQlaq".»

Ano t11V EQwnxiJ ava~iJTnOT) tOU vucpoJta~aQou €~mQouv'tm TO. 011lJda ovouovrj; EQWTLXcOV ouvrcocxov xm QavTE{3ou, rtou rraQUIJ,EvoUV OLaXQovLxa, T) KalJ,aQa, T) JtAaTELa AQxatac; Ayo-

72

QU!_;, Oi,:TtAU ate 6.yaA~a rou B£YL~£AOU, 0 A£uxo!_; IIuQY0!_; Xat to :TtQO:TtUAO tT)!_; A YLa£ 1:oI.pLa!_;, Kat aHo L XWQOL ~ UOTLxo( xat rtooa:Ttol.paaW~£YOL EXOUY oQwtd w£ £QWTLXU QaYt£(3ou, aHa XaYEYO'. ~£Uy6.QL OEV OiYEL, OUt£ XaL ai)I!£Qa, Qavn(3ou oro BaQcuQT), LOLaLtEQa t,L£ (3Qa6LYE!_; WQE!_; :TtOU aQxL~H T) £QWtLxiJ auvaAAaYiJ OTT)V nACnELa.

«T? "MnovAf/3aQ XOtUVTtE", 'll 006; E8vlXrjt; A{lvv'llp, YQcll.pEL

o nWQYo£ ZWYQal.puXlj;, «OT'llV nQ(iJr1] Oexacrta rov au.iJvo yiv£tat 0 ayan'llr6t; neotxoxo; tnt; vfOAoio~ r1]t; fnOX1]t; EU£CVT}t; xca oi "Al{loxovr6Qot ", 6nwt; anoxoAOvVWV oi oavorjOct; to» noAtoV EXEiVOV xaioon, "aovAarmxQav", Euavov roy nEQlnar6 roVt; xooooiuevo», ue "{1JrO{1JrEOct;", ustaotouvasaa ue aonuevu:

Aaj3'll, AovAov&a oro nero xat veavixn £Jrt8fTturj oui8wr} Evavriov,rov aaBEvov; qJVAOV. AAJ..a xa: aVI6 ovranEOt& tu: ion UOI11jJoT1]ra Uat nQouATfTiu6T1]ro ta n£LQaYI10ra, La "toaiiouaLa" rf/; nOluiA'lls nQOEAEvaEW~ vno1jJf/qJiwv.

»Mux {laUQlvrj, 611Wt; anaotaourta swvravrj f/XW OVTWV TuW onoycv{lonvwv qJAEQT, EqJ()aaE W~ etuu; xaQ1] aE<,(JnXOUQyrj{lara nov aariQlsav staoaoraiixri W "nfQlqJAfyrj j3AE{l{lara ", La "OXWnHxa VJTOVOOVf1,fva" [WV VEaQwv rT}t; uaxaouu; exeivn; eitoxrjr;.»

,OL :TtQoacpuyonouAE£, ~Eta TO 1923, ELxav to OLXU 1OU; vixpon~l;aQa _aTOU~ xw~atoOQol!o'J£ TWV naQayxoauvoLXLeJ)V XaL TT]£ rravw nOATJ£, ortou TO'. C!.:TtOYEU).tata xaTaA6.YLa~avT] 8AL<i'T], o xon~O£ TWV xa~EYWY nctTQLowy, YJ amOAELU TWY nQoaq)LAWY, 0 XUTatQEY).tO£ TWY vtoruerv, OL ouaxoALE; TY}£ EyxaTuataOTJ!_; ant YEO'. naTQLca. ,6,_Lua11~o yucpona~ctQo orr' oAa Trt!_; :TtQoOl.puYLar; XCXT((YQUCPTJXE aUTO TYJr; KaOaaYOQOll, onw£ TO OLEaWOE n{J~UQYLa aUYYQctcpE((<r; JqnytYELct XQUOOXOOU. ow acpiJYrt~a S£Qi.SWf1,£VT) ye~ta. To XQovlx6 rTfs nQoaqJvYlat; atn (9EaaoAOvix1], oaou I;E~.:raQxaQE Xat T) a LxoytVELU tT)r; ~((~L I!E TOY ay86 TOU EHrtVLO~OU trtr; IwvLa£.

«To vixpoxoiaoo Tf/t; 060v KoaaavoQOv oQXit;u ano Tf/V 006 IIQo'17rjT1] Hs.ia, nrjt;ct otttv IIoAtOQunrov xca araf1,aTaEt trtn ,1QOYOVf1,11. Oaa sevyoQ{XUta La 'ipnvav otu; /36ATe~, TQaj3ouaov

o 'EQw£ ox£nEL TT)V n6AYJ

73

yta tnv 006 Poxn/3av, ono» oivave ta Qavrc/3ov. Oute f1,<x_rosi, ourE oxtu Euei. Ano T11 uux 0 l1avTQ6TmXOr; rov ,1WlXT/T'llQWV xi an' T11V aAA11 La xoueva. II iooa axora& ... 'Ioaue TO ,1WtXf/TrjQw. Ta t;wyoQauLa '17ravavE XWQwra. T' ayoQw TQa(3ovaav suo {.1nQoara. To xooitaia ;oniaw W TO '170/30 U;XL T11V ovcovio unv rovr; ioaxdxre: xavas ovyy£vJjr; xai TO nocxptaoe: otn f1,~VO ...

»Nvcponat;oQo TO (3acprioav£ oi f1,£yaAol 'XOL vv'17onaCaQo TO Atya{le OAOL. MOAtr; oxoteivuxa: aQXts£ TO aeQYUXVl',LE f1,LOJj WQ~ '17OUVTWVE. rUQw artr; EVVta EnOlQv£ va oooubvec. YarfQa ano nr; O£xo, EQf]f.1wv6rav 0 oQ6f.10r; ...

»Eoco oto vvrponat;aQo yvwQiaTTfUaV ta t;EvyoQauw. Eow yevvJj811'Xf 0 fQwrar; rovr;. Eow ta t;axaQ(iJf1,ora, ot Tt;~}.j3E&r;, ta YAv'Xof)wQial1ara. E&iJ at TaoxnivE~, oi axovTaALaQ£r;, oi xouonuxTOVOct;. Ki as titav xrwtva f1,WQO. Ki ar; srjaav oAa T11v x6AaaT) TOV;£Qtl;WI10V. Ki cu; ~ovv TO oQaf1,o rnr; nQoacpvyu'tr; ... »

AyvwaToL XWQOL £QWTLxi)<r; Enacpi)r;, nouoxucocv orro TTJV coteAEu8EQWOll Trt!_; nOAYJr; w'£ Trt OExaETLa TaU '40, nrcv To. XOQooLoaoxat..EI,a, CPUT<.OtHa [..lu811aT)<r; TWY VEWV XOQwv, rtou xaTE<pS((V((; ).tE T01)r; E~noQOUe; orro rnv A~EQLXiJ XaL trrv EUQwnrt, XaL cp8YJva x£vtQa XOQou ~E OQxi)01:QEr;. H ax~i) TOUr; ou~nLnTH ~E tYJV rteQtoM IOU MaxEoovLXOU METwnou, 6TaY OL ~LAL6.0E£ a~LW~aTLXOL XaL oTQanwLEr;T11£ atQC1TLU£ t11e; AYaTOAT)r; Em~ljTOUaav auvooou; YlC1 H£ anavwTer; XOQown£QL6E£ roix, rcou OLExonTav TTt uovotovto T11£ nOAE~Lxi)£ C1WOO<paLQct£. TC1 Uya XOQOoLOctOXaAdo: TOU JtQwTmJ nayxoo~Lou noAE[..lou nOAAanAaOLuatYJxav usTa rn [..lLXQamanxi) XC1TaOTQocpi), xaSw£ uniJQ~av cp8YJvn OL£I;O- 00£ 'ljJuXaywyLaI£ rurv nQoacpuywv ano nr; 6UOXOAE£ ouvEli)xEr; tYJe; avayxo:otLxiJc; ~ETEyxaTuotaail£ TOU£ OTT)V nOAlj. 1:trtV nQw,TT) <pu0!JI'"iJ.o:6YJTE£ xa~ ~o:8nTQ,LEr; XOQou rrrov ~uQLc~£ nmCLct «cuov, ern OcUt£QT) oUxvct~av oAa rc XOLVWVLXC1 OTQw[..l((ta xnt to. XOQOOLC((OXaAELa XUAumo.v 6Art tT)V evroc; XaL EXTOC; TWV TELXWV n6AYJ, nrto TYJ Puuovc W£ TYJ XaQLAaou XL ano TYJv?M AYL~~ Llrt~T)tQLOU W£ TO OLOf]QOOQO~Lx6 OTO'.8~O, tnv rraQaAlo. Xal tnv AvaAYJ1[Jlj.

'GAOL OL XOQOL nou cLCXowElYJxav we; ru; [..lEQEe; ).to'.(:; iJ JWQEp.HVo.y VEaVLXf£ ava~vi)oELe; Xal CPLYOUQEr; or«; naALEe; XLVT)[..laToYQacpLXEe; TaLVL£<r;, CLouXTT)XaV XaL XOQEUTrtXaV ans «o.xaoll~LEe; Xo-

74

QOlJ», 6Ju:.o<; OLo.q.n'H..tL~o.v OLL<; Tomxe£ Ecp'll!..l£QlO£<; TO. XOQOOLoo.oxo.A£to. OL LOLOXTl'rW; TOUe;. Tovxo, j3o.Ae;, cpOS LQOL, OlJEV own, oxoou, taCtQAWTOV, ACt!..l1t£8 vouox, QolJ!..l1ta, oCt!..l1ta, !..lJtAaX [.I.nO:TOV, xcoioxc, X6Q£tjJCxv taXOlJVLa xm 0cpQLYllAa J1QoowJ1o. J10lJ aJ16 xaLQ6 how ytVEL XW!..la xo.L aJ1W8'll[.l.EV'll !..lV1][.I.l'].

To. YEa 1']8l'], J10lJ tcp£Qav rc XOQOClLClaaxaAELa aT'll E>woaAovLXl'], J1QoxaAEOav <JUVll']Ql']LLXOlJ<; Cll][.I.OOLOYQaCPOlJ<;, XAYJQO XaL a01lJVO[.l.La, J10U EmXELQl]Oo.v va 10. XAELOOlJV 8EWQWVTa<; La W<; XWQOU<; bLacp80QO:<;. An6 Tl]V EXOTQaLELa «urn OEV EAfL\lJE l] vvcoOT1] J1QOOlanClo. Xl]QWV xm oQcpavwv LOU [.I.fO0J10AE[.I.OlJ xm 1l]e; KaLOxi)e;. l] AYYEALXi) METaAALVOlJ, YQacpOVLaC; OTL OLa XOQOClL- 6aoxaAdo. «cpTwxaL VEO:VLClEC; [.I.a8aLvav XOQO xm J1QOnYOlJVTO He; 6Lacp80gO:v».

LTa XogooL6o.axo.AELa EJ1aLsaV xaAoL [.I.OlJOLXOt, 6nw<; TO. aOEAcpLa MEVEAaoc; XaL AAExoe; Lna8nC;, 0 AL!..lI,ALO IIO~EAL, 0 AYWrLO<; XaL~l]VC(oLOe;, TO ~ElJyoe; TLA vro Xat E>E6cpLAOe; KAtncpEQ, 0 Kro<JTW; KagavLxw; XaL aAAOL. nQLV o.nAw80uv OTa J1aQaAWXO: XEVTQa, [.1.£ La maya, TO. aXOQVTE6v XaL La oa1;6cpwva, J1at~OVLae; TQayolJbLo. lOU Arttx XaL rou LOlJYWUA, vomaAYLxa o.gYEvTLVLxc Tayxo xm j3LEvE~Lxa j3aAc;.

M£Ta[.l.oQcpw<Jl] TWV XOQooLoaoxaAcLwv OTL<; 6ExaETLEe; TOlJ '60 XaL TOU '70 1]To.V ru xevroo yvwQL[.I.ta<;, £LOLXOL XWQOL OE wOYELa XaL oQ6cpolJC; nOAlJXaTOLXLwV, xCtn ovcueco OE xo.cpEvELo xm at- 80uoa ovouovnc, oao» olJXvo.~o.v [.I.OvaXLxa O:TO~..ta, ayoQLa xm XOQLlOW, J10lJ xaTayoVTaV ouvi)8wc; «rro mv EnaQxta, YLa vo (3Qouv EQwTLx6 OUV1QOCPO. H J1Q68Wl] TOW OLOQyavwT6.lv, LCWXli)lEC; OL 1tEQw061EQOL YQacpELWV OUVOLXWLWV, va CW<J011V EUXaLQLEC; va YVWQWTouvxaAU1£Qa TO. [.I.EAAOVnXa ~EuyaQLa, EX cpuALOT'I']XE OE ECPi)[.I.EQO 'ljJWVLOli)QL. TEALXO:, xm [.I.E Tl] ouvogo[.l.i) 1l]e; aOTUVO!..lI,W;, OTa TEAl] T'I']<; oExaE1Lac; TOU '80 oAa <JXEc6v TO. XEVTQa YVWQL!..lto.c; EXAELOaV, E1;avayxa~OVTaC; TOUe; 8a[.l.WVEC; TOUC; vc [.I.ELaOTEyaoTOuv OE 1tCl.Qo.comaXolJc; XWQOue; yvwQL!..lLac; - OUYXQova ~axaQonAaOTdCl., VTWXOTEX, xacpETEQLEC; xm !..lJtaQCtXLa.

MnAPA, H XAMENH MTIOYPflEAOnOAITEIA

Ta {lEQTI avra (J~{lfQa Eivm iono: aQ~moAoyoak yaArIVTJe:;, XOLIlTlTrlQW awam. ea {llLoQovaav va lLfQL6taf3a1;ov~ qnA6aocpOL ue rove:; {laaT/TEe:; TO v;, ?;,a,vabL YO,vme:; EmTOlLOV orov 6Qo «ovvovaw» TO abOA6 TOV

v6T1{lO.

f!RPrm: }QANNOY H JrA.(l7:£ia TOV A y{ov BaQi5aQioll

76

Xetoro; ZacpELQT]t;

nOQVl.'; vc. unt)QXE oro j3u~avnva aXO!!T] XQOVLa OLnAa OtT]V £QTJiLT] OUtLxt) JtCQLOXt), IJ,.E aQma a!-WtEALa xru AaxaVOXTJnout;, to. ALBuclLa, ortou YLVOtav TJ IJ,.l.'yaATJ l.'!-WtoQonavt)yuQTJ YLa tT]V l.'t;unTJQ£tT]OlJ ElJ,.nOQO)v xm l.'JtLOXEJttWV orto tTJ ()u~aVt L Vrll.'VOOx(oQa.

«E1;wano HI A£YOWVIJ XQvarj !IvAf/ TOV BaQoaQwv, uas; AEV on vnrjQX£ I1lG Aunaoa W Atl1va~ovra vEQa, coria voooy6vwv 110AVVOEwv yw to aorv», YQacpl.'L OtT] MlJrEQa eEOaGAOV{Xf/ 0 NLxo; raj3QL rlA TI£Vt~(XTJ;. «K t an:' autttv tttv AlllLaQa nrjQ£ TO ovoWi rlJr; IJ yvworrj xax6cpf]l1f] ouvoixia, nov DlarrjQlJo£ rov t&6- 110Qcpo xaQaxTrjQa Tf]r; I1EXQlr; Eaxarwv, nov l1eya (.dQor; rlJr; XaTEoacpiOrlJXE yta TIJV aveveoan TOV veov au51JQoOQ0l1lXOV ataiiuou.»

To. vl.'Qa tT]t; MmxQa; l.'t;aocpaAL~l.' yLa aLWVl.'; 0 Ao'1;o; Aaxxo;, stou xaLEBaLVE uno nt; ounxE; nAuYLE; rou LELX LUll XaL rreovouOE £t;W uno to otocroneoo llUUAOU MEAa w; TO 1893, orov yaAAO; IJ,.T]xaVLXO; TWV AVatOALXWV LLOTJQOOQ6iLWV OLEU8EtTJOE to XEtlJ,.UQQO XaL IJ,.E xavaAL OO'r]YT]OE rn VEQa 01:0 eEQIJ,U·~XO.

To ALyu xanT]AELO xm xavLa rrou (3Q[oxovmv XatO IJ,.iJxo; tlJ; aQxa[a; ooou rtou XUTEAr]YE OtY) XQU0rl TIUAy), ow BaQoaQY), xnta TY) (3u~avtLviJ mQLooo, nuxvwoav OTT]V TOuQxoxQat[a IJ,E orrtna CP1:WXWV XaL I;EOmtwiLEvwV crraQXLW1:WV nou Ef3Qwxav cotoOXOATJOy) EVTO; TWV TELXWV t) aYQ01:wv nov xaAALEQyouoav rc aYQoX'tt)lJ,.aw om AL(3aoLa. To 190 aLwva 1)nt)QXE OMXAT]QT] (1)VQLx[u IJ,.E TO OVOlJ,.a Toa'CQ, !!E nOAAa xaVLa XaL xaTamiJiLuTa XaL IJ,E Bamxo OQO!!O TTJV 006 MOVUOTTJQLOU (Manastir Caddesi) XaL TTJ AEWCPOQO 2:EQQWV rj AcpQOOLTTJ; ztou £LXE 1:r]V XUTEU81)VOlJ Tll; OT]!!EQLViJt; OOOU Aayxaoa. 2:Ta qJOQOAOYLxa tOUQXLXU xaTOO1:LXU Tau 1906 rrrov xawYQUIJ,.IJ,.EVT] XUL TJ 000; Safa, rrou OTJ!!aLVEL OTU EAAT]VLXa oM; L1LaOXEoaoEw<; iJ Hoovl1<; XUL UVTWTOlXEL OTr] OT]!!l.'QwiJ naQooo Baxxou.

«YnrjQXEV E&iJ OTf] ewaaAovixTJ u5wirEQOr; XWQor;, XWQwr6r; aVVOUlWI16r;», GTJ!!ELWVEL TJ AYYEALXrl MnaAALvou, «TJ ovouaotn xara tnv T6TE eni Touoxoxoattac m:oxrjv "Mstaoa" rj "Ka~iva" e1;wf}Ev Tf]t; nVAIJr; BaQbaQiov, anoTEAOVWJVlJr; £1; waQ{f}I1Wv oz'XlWV naAawv Qv(J110V, ouoiouoocxov 0XEbov oixioxow, !IaQ'

o 'EQw£ OXEnEL TT]V nOAr]

77

cartou; vnrjQXov Xat ra anaQairf/ra xcupeveia, evea nOAAa'Xlr; ol£6Qal1ar{~ovro oxnvca vn6 WfJVO/lEVWV nEAarciJv TWV.»

Ot LOTOQtX££ xm (3t!3ALoYQacplxE£ IJ,.aQTuQL8t; ytU TTJV MnoQu £LVal Al YOOtE£, nEQ' an' 000. naQaot vouv 0 HHat; II ETQonouAo£, 0 AEwvtoa£ ZTJotaoT]e; XaL 0 rLWQYO£ Ioxrvvou, aAM 0 IJ,.u80e; tTJ<; tXEL OLaOJtUQ8L OE oAa tc AL!!aVW TOU XOOIJ,OU xm TO OWf30TJTO OVOlJ,.a 1:T]t; EJtLj3LWVEL w£ uovcotxo nOA UXQOTO EQwnxo YXETO OTOUt; VEOT8QOUe; E>EOouAOVLXELe;.

«H MnaQa vnrjQ~E TJ ueviatt; xoovoovvcsn HIt; vE6TEQTJr; EAAa6at; xai TO /lovriAo r1]t; EB~fJ,om~iar; T1]r; MnaQar; 6fov va aVa~TJTlJfJEi OTO Iam{JJto1JA», OT]IJ,.HWV8L 0 HALo:e; II8TQonouAo£ srou YVWQLOE TTJV [lJtOuQO€AOnOAtTELa, on:w£ TTJV OVOlJ,.al:;,EL, OTT]V TEA81Jmta aXlJ,.iJ TT]<;, om XQ6VLO: rou EIJ,.CPUALOU we; TTIV E~acpavLOiJ TTI£, oru; aQXEt; TT]£ 6ExaEtLU£ TOU '60.

«0 xoouovvoiouevot; Kat;;avT~a'Xf]r;, nov 6Aa ra rj1;EQE ua nOAAa DEv aYQLxovoe, ovyxoivei xanou TIJV Mnaoa uai; ME T17 Fioai{)aQ(1 T17r; Iasuoviai; MOAov6u VOMi~w oti ra naQaAen xai Ow O1JI1e{o avr6 DeV exw xauui 6~a(JwTl va anoxQovaw evav tstaivo nov 66f}TlXf r600 navnYV(,>L'Xa otnv nOAlTEia uat; Ta P,eQ17 aVTa onueo« eiva: tonoc aQxaWAOy~'X1}~ yaA1}vnr;, XO£{1lJT1}QW ooxrta. eo unooovoav va nEQ£6w{)at;;ovv CPlAooocpm {1£ TOVt; /laBTlrir; rov~, ~avaMvovra~ eratonov OTOV 6Qo "ouvouoia" ro a60A6 rOV VOf]{1a», EmMyu XQLtLXa yLa TTJV MnaQa ornv Iiscnzux rov A yiov Baooaoio» 0 fLwQY0S; Iconvvou.

H nEQLqJTJfJ,TJ ouvorxtc, naQa W; QllIJ,OTOIJ,.LXE£ aUaYEr; 08 rteQLo60u£ aXlJ,.iJ£ XaL naQUXlJ,.iJ£, w£ f3amxo; nOAE?OOIJ,.LXO£ n:UQ1lvee; :m.'QLOQt~OTav OtO XWQO cvcueoc one; 060u£ Aayxaou xm MOVaOTT]QLou W£ to m6'llQOOQOIJ,.LXO ma8fJ,0 xm LTJV 3TJQo,XQ1lvY). H EQWTLXij JtEQLOXt), 6 IJ,W£, dXE EUQULEQTJ oLaXu(JT] rtou ECptaVE orto TO Mm~XTOLvaQ 00<; TTJ Pouovc, XOVTa OTO oiJiLO A[lJtEAOXl1- JtWV, xm TOU KacpuvTaQTJ, orrrv acpE-rT]Q(a Tll£ ooo» Avtou L1TJlA-T]-

tQLOU. '

H MrraQa ntuv TJ cpTwxoyevrovta 1:OV uyoQaO!!EVOU £QWT<;" II £OXatT] anOAT]t;T] TWV UYOQULWV yuvmxwv, TJ qJtU)XHU XaL Y) IJ,Ll:;,8-

78

QT] owBLwoT] rtoovorv nou ExBQaOTT]XaV orto tn f,.lEyUAa «OnLTW». L:nr; aElALEr; LOOYELEr; xaf,.laQOUAEr; XaL naQaYXEr;, rtou XQT]OLf,.lEUaV Wr; EJtaYYEAf,.lanxi) OTEY1] XaL XaTOLXLa f,.la~L, oLaBLwoav UOXT]f,.lEr; XaL T]ALXLWf,.lEVEr; yuvaLXEr; OEUTEQ1]r; XaT1]YOQLar;, 010 tun nEQLOXi) onou 0 EQWTar; af,.lEtBoTaV 010 El;EUTEAwnXEr; Uf,.lEr; xat T] ouvaAAayl'j ore aXOTELVU orevoooxcxo f,.lE TOUr; VTai)OEr; XaL TOUr; rtoomaTEr; TWV XOQLTGLWV YLVOTav EmxtvoUVlj.

OL VTomOL 8waaAOVLXELr; artEcpEuyav nr; EJtWX£1jJELr; XaL nr; f,.lnOUQOEAOToaQXEr; OTT]V Mrrcoo, Ilpotuiouoov ornv rtAao1jJT]cpLa TOUr; W OLWQocpa «aJtLTW» TOU BaQbuQ1] XaL tn EVTOr; nov TELXWV f,.lrtoQvTEAa, acpi)vovTar; TO EQumxo YXEtO f,.lE tOY EXtQaX1]AWf,.lO XaL W acpQoClLOLa aE OtQatOUr; XaTOxl'jr;, cpavnxQOur;, aYQoTEr; XaL XWQLX01Jr; rn; BaAxavLxi)r; EVOOXWQar;.

TT] I-LEyaAlj TT]r; cPi][L1] T] MrtaQa an6XtT]OE orto to OUf,.l[LaXLXO OtQaTO tOU MaXEOOVLXOU usromou, OTOV nQwto nayx60[LLO noAE[LO, OWV noAUXQWf,.lOl cpaVtaQOL, aOLucpOQOL vro rnv notornro t1]r; OUQxar; xaL tou £QWW, l;Exvoooav ow Af,ya ELXOOLTEtQeXWQa Tnr; &OWlr; rots; to uYXor; tljr; sLcpoMYXnr;, torv xavovLOBoALO[LWV XaL rrov AaOnCO[LEVCOV xaQaXCO[Latcov. H 1jJEunxa nQoocp£Q0[LEVT] TQUCP£QOtT]ta XaL n ~WtaOLU tou XOQf,lWU f,.laXQLeX crco tc nayw[LEva alillQLu, ana XaL T] u1jJljAi) ~i]t1]011 yw tT]V txcvonotnot] TWV tQLaxoo'Lcov XLALaowv oTQatwHwv rtou o:noBLl3aotljxav OT1] MexEoov(a, oev acpT]v£ nEQt8wQLa yw £mAoyEr;. 'AyYAOL, ranOL, NEo~T]AavCio(, Mcooxrvot xm L:£vEYaAE:~OL, OAOr; 0 nOAuXQWI-L0r; OTQat6r; Tnr; otQaTLar; T11r; AVaToA'rlr;. nEQaoe orto t1]V MnaQO:, rtou OEV XQELa~6tav TWQa to «x£Qxavf. xavt1]AL», to XOXXLVO cpavaQL, oncor; £rtf, TouQxoxQaTLar; YLa to xaQaxTT]QLO[LO rorv omtuov. Knnoiot £uaLo8T]tot otQanwter;. XO:AALtEXVEr; xat ClLavooUf,levOL, otuowoav ow n£QaTa Hlr; YT]I,; ue nl,; cpwtoYQacpLEr; xct ur; «vcuvnoe«; tour; t1] YQacpLxi) EQwnxt'lI-LL~fQLa TT]I,;. H[Lf,yu!-tv£t; nOQvE£ xm EuxmQwX£r; TOU mayy£Af,lO:TOr;. OT]AW!AEV£r; OtOV UYELOVOf..lLXO OTo:8f..l0 T1]£ nEQLoxt'lr;, XaL anEI,; aoijAwTet; XL aV£SEhYXTEr;, cpogdr; ot mo nOAAfr; TT]r; l-LaAacpQavwo:r;, nd;eXQOuv !A£ YQacpLXEr; EVOUf..laOLEr; f,lnQOOTa ow ontna roix, nEQWTOLXW!AEVEt; orto ALYW!-tEVOUr; cpaVtaQOur; rrou nQOETOL!la~OVTm yw TT]V Hpi)f,lEQT] EXTOVWOT]. EAAT)vloEr;. POUI-LeXvEr;, IIoAwvE~Er;, YVWOTEr; Wt; i\£XEr;, ImALOEt; ana TT] NanoAT] xm 11] PWf..llj, yucpTOnOUAEr; XaL XWQLaUOOEr; orro TO f..laXEOOVLX6 XUf..lno, rtou aVWJToxQL8T]-

79

XO:V OTT) ~t'lTT]OT] xm TO EUXOAO XEQOOr;, £owoav naQOOLxl'j aXI-Lt'l omv EXTOr; trov TfLXWV !lJTOUQoeAonOALTda tT]r; 8£OoaAovLXT]r;.

NEa aXl-Ltl T] MnaQa OOXL!-taOE OTT]V Jt£QLooo TOU E!lCPUALou. oruv aYQOtEr; 'IOU f..laXEOOVLXOU xa!lJTOU, aVTaQTOJTAljXTOL TWV OQ£LVWV XWQLWV tljr; MaX£OOVLat; xm cpaVTaQOL TOU EElVLXOU OTQaTOU ouxva~av ow CPTWXOf..lnOQvtEAa xaL ouvovnouvtnv !lE f..lauQaYOQlTEr;, taYfJ,maocpaHtEr;, JTQooTaTEr; TWV YUVaLXWV, Aa- 8QEf..lnOQou<;, xaOWEfJ,nOQOUr; OW nEQLs xacpEvda xru w ooxoXLa t1]r; OUVOLXLW;.

MVlJfJ,E<; LOU EfJ,CPUALOU coto TT]V Mnno« avaBLWVOUV OLO MnovQ6£AO WU HALa IIEtQOJTOUAOU, etXOVEr; TT]<; TEAEUWLar; avaAaf..lJTi)r; TT]r; aVTavaXAOUV OL aYVCOOTEr; cpwTOYQacpiEr; TOU Aouxa BEVETOUALa xm OL ~WYQacpLEr; TOU IIauAou MOOXLOT]. OL OXOQJtLOf..lEVOl nf, voxe; TOU MOOXLOT], non TOUr; ESE:8WE ow eurtoQoBL0f..lljxaVLXO EJtLf,lEA ljTtlQLO TO 1950 ue TOV tl TAO «Mnnoc», JTQoxaAwVTm_; TOV xa8wonQEmOfJ,O TWV CPLAOtEXVWV XaL Emm-GEJTTWV Tnr; 0woaA.ov(,xTlr;, aJTOTUnWoav La Xa!loom tc, ur; YQLE<; nouTavEr;, Ta OLOEQaOLxa xrn nr; f..lavTQEt;, anELxovwav TTl YQacpLXtl OUVOLx(,a JtQLV aJToxaElaQ8EL!-tE rn fJ,EyaAa SEvoooxda «KumTOA» xru «Ka<jJl19>, OtT] oExanLa TOU '60. xru nt; fLEYUAEt; JTOA uxaTOLxLE<; OL onoLEr; orsvcouv OLXoYEVELEr; sEVLTqLEVWV xm maQXLwTCoV nou ovvoouocv tl OUI-LBLBaoTTlxav !AE TO 8QUAO Lnt;

]tEQ LOXtlr;·

«H xoovn rrJt; MmiQa~ &v cixe 1}Atxia, Oev eixe aovAoV.m, &v eixe axeaett; W ta xaxa avvrieew rr7~ xaeaQtorrJra~», YQacpEL 0 HALa~ II£tQonouAor;. «Eta aiouixo. unoovtesa rf/t; Mnaoo; exw u5ei xOQtraaxw Tnt; fJuQaxtx1}t; nAtxiat; xca {llfoywrWfJEvet; xrzxayxe; e~7jvra XQovwv. Enian~, eioa exei AVf..HpanXe~ vnaQ~ELt; xaewt; XaL aUft; nov e~vYL~av TO Aty6TEQO fvev7jvra xtAa. H evumcoon nov anox6fJt~f 0 eearr1~ avubv rwv YVVatXWV nrav e~mQenxw; wXvQn, acpov OAf; roVt; eatexav otnv nooia axeD6v Tat toio:»

To ortruc tTl<; OUVOLXLar;, ovoueoc OE otO£QUOLxa. XciVLa, !laVTQEt; OLX000I-LLXWV VA LXWV , !3LOTExvLEt; xm xanvan08il1-CEt;, ot«; ooour; AcpQootTnt;, IIQoI-LTl8Ewr; xm TavtuAou, nrov oXEMv fJ,0- vWQOcpa. Ka8E yuvaLxa ELXE I-LLa XafJ,aQOuAa lJ Eva am taXL us xu-

80

QW XWQO TO OW~(mO ~£ rnv xaQL6Aa TT)e; ClOUAWXe;, TO rraAL6 TQL~CttO xQ£BciTL, XaL ~£ 130ll8ll'tLxi) XOU~LVLTOa i) on'mQo OW~aTLCtXL OTOV rrCtVW ooorpo. KUQLO 8£Q~avTLx6 TWV YUVaLXWV OTLe; XQUEe; VUXTEI; TOU BaQ6aQT) rrrov TO ~aYXUAL ~£ xCtQBouva. H JtaQaoomaxi] 8£Q!laVtLxi) £OTLa nrov unaLTLa xm yLa TO xatjJUAw~a TWV ~llQWV roix OTT)V nQoonaEl£La vn ~£O'm80uv ll!lLyu~v£e; !l£tu orro xa8E cuvouoto i) TLe; WQ£e; tT)e; ava~ovi)e; rou rr£AaTT), coroxrcovtor; ~£ TT)V anavwti) Ex8£011 oro XOQww~va xaQ!3ouva crtoxoouOTLx6 )la!3L XQw~a. H noovn naQE!l£v£ mL wQ£e; T)~LYWVYj !ArrQoore OTT)V n6QTC!. tOU am TLOU tT)e; to xaAoxaLQL i) rrLow coro to XA£LOt6 naQu8uQo TO XEL~Wva YLa rnv rrQoOEAXU011 TWV n£l,.aTWV, !ALa xm OL n£QLoo6T£QOL £nWXl'nT£e; tT)e; OUVOLXLae; nrov nsQLEQYOL, !AatuXllO£e; XaL VEOL rtou corovonreuovrcv «no tTl 8Ea TWV Y£Qao[.tl'vwv XaL [.tL~£QWV otountrov roue,

«Kaveva aAAo EiDOr; E;£vTEAwnxov EnaYYEA{WTOt; &v rjmv tooo XOVTa otnv oxoseux Trtt; avOQWJTtVf/r; a;toJrOEnEWr; coo f/ DOVAfta TWV vuvaoabv Tf/t; Mnaoac; Tu; ej3A£JrEr; va EXOVV tnv aywvia Tf/t; Emj3iwaf/r; xaQaYf..l,Evr) am uaoaueva xai ncotcoueva tu: f.lJToytEr; Kat JraraOVAta nQoawJra TOVr;», OUVOtjJL~£L ne; [.tVi)!lEC; coto T11 OUVOLXLa 0 AEWVLOC!.l; Z110LCtCl11C;.

Kcrc [.tTJXOe; TT)e; OT£v1Jc:;, rrQLV crto TT)V T£AEUTaLa OLarrAaTuvoi] TTjC;, OOOU Movoornotou, EVO£LXtLXi) TOU :rtQooaVatOALO!AOU t11e; E8vLxi)e; !Avi)[.t11C; YLa T11 xa[.tEVT) EAATjVLXi) n6All, uni)Qxav ro Jt£QLO- 06T£Qa XCtVLa, rtou CjJLAO!;£vouoav aAoya xrn OClllyoue; TOUe:;, OL onOLOL ECjnavav we; E[tJtOQOL i) £mOXErrTEc; OTllV rr6A11· To xaVLa ntov TETQaywva CLWQQ{pa OLXll!AaTa ~E EOWT£QLX11 nAaXOOtQWt11 aUAll, tn oxoto OtO w6y£L6 TOUe; CjJLAO!;Evouoav aAoya xm uouAUQLa, arr' orrou ovoorvotrrv uovtu« to CtQWWl tou uxuQOl) xm Tlle; xa!3aALvae;, XaL OTOV ooooo, ~E xaYLCtTL XaL El)QUXWQa OW[lana !AE aXl)QOOtQw[tata, em' onou e!3ymvav i) XatEcpEuyav ue to JtQWTO cpwe; XOQWL xm l(JUAAOL, oLE[tEvav OL Ol)VOOOL tWV ~WWV.

«XavLa EWOr; Kat EKTOr; Tf/r; JrOAEWr; wraQXOVaL JrEOf ta JrEvrjVTa, XWQf/nK6T1]rar; 10.000 aVDQWv Kat 600 iniuov xata f..I,EaOV oQov», 011!AELWVEl OTO ODOtJrOQtKO tal) 0 rrQ60xonoe; T11e; O1:QanWTLxi)e; erconoucc; TOU 1912 ouvTaY~ataQXlle:; NLx6AaOe; 2:XL-

81

vae:;. «Ta Kan1]AEta, ot raj3eQVEr; xcu. ia xoaoonovsui j3QiauovTm aTO BaQi5aQ1] J[Aat xai avaueoa ota X6vta.»

Ta xavLa, ~ETa TO C£ut£QO n6AE[.t0, us Tll YEvLx£UOll TWV O~YXQOvwv fJ,ETUCPOQLXWV ucocov, xaT£oacpLOT~xD;V XaL OT~ 8Eall TOl)e; XTLoT11xav nOAuxatOLXLEC:; xm s£VOOOXELa. 000. £~L[3L(:)Oav we; tll0ExanLa TOU '70 XQlloq.l.OnoLi)El11xav we:; s£VOOOXELa E xuTllyoQLae:;, OTEYll rc n:EQwoOtEQa rroQvwv Tlle; £uQuT£QllC; :rtEQLOxi)e:; BCtQoaQll XCtL xato:cpuyw OLEQX6!AEVWV otoctuotrov xru EJtLax£JtTwv rtou ava~lltOUaav cpElllvEe; yuvaLx£c;.

I1oAHe; cpOQEe; one; nACtx6oTQWTEe; uuAte:; TWV xavLwv ~JtEXAL[3avTJo£e:;, OL JtCtQCtOOOLC!.XOL JtCtACtLOTEe;,_aQxOUOtuQllOEe; ,Xat 8011- ~atO:rtOLOL EOLvav JtaQamaone; OTOUe:; ExEla[.lf30l)e:; XWQLatEe;, rtou rraQaxoAou80uoav to: 6Qw~£va axou!lJ'twvtae;, OTnV S~ALVTj ~ouJtaOTl] TOl) xaYWTLou. ovoucore; naAawTLXEe; £JtLOELSELe; excvav TOUQXOL ]J.rrExALf)uVllOEe; ornv auM TOl) AaAov Xav, rtou f3QLoxorov OTTj 8l'0ll TOU !lEYUgOU Ttle; I'cplj~£QL6ae:; Moxecovia, aJt€vaVTL cno TO OL6llQOogO~LX6 oTa8]J.6. Av xm OTa XQ6VLa Tlj; TouQXOXQaTLae; o£v EJtLtQ£Jt6tav vc A£LTOUQYouv tCt(:)!':QVEe; XaL xa~aLT1JJt£La ~Eoa OTa xavLa, II JtaQouoLa EA£u8£QLWV Yl)VaLXWV YLa tTJV £QWTLxi] ESl)n11QEtllOn trov XWQLXWV xru ,aY~?T?>v JtEAatWV TOlle; rrrov xOLv6 uuonxo, 6rrwe:; OTa OTJ]J.£QLva AaLxCt l;EVOOO-

xEta 'IOU BaQOCtQl1.

Otov one; aQXfe:; Tlle:; o£xa£TLac; tOU '60 xaT£ClacpLot11xav rc xaviu KQovaoj3o XaL Movaotno: OTTj [36QELa JtA£uQa TOU oQ6~ou, yLCI. v« XTLOTOUVTa JtOAuwQocpa !;£v06oxda Kamtos. XaL Kat/.n'1r;, OL I'QyaTEe; avaXUAUljJav naQaXW[.lEva o£xa6Ee; av8Qw:JTLv~ XQavto, rtou 11 Tam6TllTa TOlle; rraQa[l€vEL uYVWOTll· 'lowe:; to £lJQll!J..a va £JtL[3E!3mWVl'L TTjV JtaALu CPi)]J.ll tWV xavLts1Jcwv, rtou A,l'YETaL nm; oxotorvcv aVl)nol(Jtaotol)e:; nEAuT£C; YLa vn rou; AllOTE1jJOUV, 11 dVaL anO[.l.ELvaQLClI'XaT6~f)n; art6 ue; EElvLxEe; n£QLrtEtEL£C; tTj; Max£oovLae;.

TEA£uTaLo OcLy~a TOl) aQXLTExTOVLXOU «urou dool)e;, rtou 1JtaV ouvuqxrousvo ~E TOV :rtCtAL6 rroAEoCO[lLX6 XaL aQXLT£XTOVLXO xaQaxTi)Qa TWV JtaQa!3aQOCtQLWV, i)taV TO ~oQvwa xa~L, OT11,YWvtc TWV o6wv MovaOT11QLOU XaL OOl)OO£we:;, TOU onOLOU 0 OQOcpoe; xato:OTQCt.CPT)XI' crto av£sLXVLaOTO E~JtQTjO!A6 TO 1983, EVW !3QLox6Tav OtO ataOLO xaQCtXTTjQLOfJ,O'U we:; tQYou TEXV11; XaL LOTQ-

82

QLXOlJ xrtouuroc. To KOQvraa £LXE xmaoxEuamd TO 1902 crto TOV XaT~rj Mouowcpa, ow tQLavTO. (5W[lana TOll CPlA01;EvrjBllxov xaTa TO OElJTEQO [lEyaAo JtOAE[lO amEYE'.; OlXOYEVElEI,; xm uvraQTOJtAllXTOt xm [l£XQL TO 1967 AfLTOUQYllot: w'.; AU'CXO I;EvoooXdo. Me rnv nUQxuYLa xuBllXE naVTEA(OI,; YLU Tll E>wouAovLXll TO UAEU-rUtO Xu-rUAOLno a1;LOAOYOU -runoll xttourrtcov rtou X\!QLaQXlloE yw aLWVEt; nOAAOlJt; ow; [lEyaA01JnOA£L'.; -rlll,; BuhaVLxi)l,;, coto ru ~1J~UVTLva XQOVW W'.; W [lWOnOAf[lO, XL EO(3ytOUV YLa ncvro OL nUALEC; aQXLtExTOVLXEI,; [laQnJQLEI,; Tllt; EXTOl,; T(I)V TELXWV nEQwxi)l,;.

ITl'] ~DQ£LU JtAE1JQa, Y) 011VOLXtU TY)'.; MJtuQUI,; 01JVOQCUE [It: TOV EBQa'(xo OliVOLXW/lO PEl;i BaQfxxQ, JWU XaTOLxi)By)XE coto Ef3QaL- 01J'.; n1JQonu8dl,; [lEta rnv n1JQxaYlu TOU 1917. nOQVEI,;, vTaBaT~i)OEI,; xm EJtLOXEnTE'.; TWV [lnoQvTEAWV JtEQv01JOaV nOAA£1,; cpoQEI,; or«; VllXTEQLV£1,; nEQlJ1Aavi)oELI,; TY)I,; EQW'(LKiJe; avu~r]tY)OY)t; TO. OQLa -rOU YX£TO, n01J OQL~OWV coto rnv 006 fQy)YOQL01J KOAWVLUQY), avayxu~ovWI,; tOll1,; E[3Qa[01J1,; OLXOYEVHUQXEI,; vn XUV01JV, nQLv -rY) va~LOnxr] El;oM8QE1lol], V1JXTEQlv£'.;J1EQLnoALEt; YLa vo nQOOtaTElJOOUV TO. onLna uno Ttl,; nOQVE'.; xm roue aVEJtLBlJ[ll]T~1J1,; XWOWVOXQOlJ01EI,; nou nEQL(p£QO'VTav HI VUX't<J. orrrv nEQlOXl]·

Ot EI;i)/lLOL XLAlUOEI,; ljrl'X£1,; n01J £!AELVUV ow [lWonoAqw OE 1.300 OW!Auna TOl' Pe~i BaQi5riQ anoxwQLo'tl]Xav rn OUVOLXLa TO MaQLLo TOll 1943, orcv [lELacpE:QBllxav orro roix va~L 010 O1Qatorceoo TOU [3UQOVOll XLQe;, CLlTAU ow OLCytQOOQO[lLXO ow81l0, XL coro XEL, WI,; OEULEQl] [laxa~Qla mtOOTOAr], ow XQf[lClTOQW TOU AOUO~LTI,;, L01J Mn£AoEv Xat LOll E!lnEV~£E. I'tYJv EQYJ!AW[l£VYJ 01Jvotxtn JtOlJ yat6vEUE [lE La VEXQOTacpda tllS; Ayfal,; llaQaOXEUr]1,; xm tn WUQXLXU uvnucto., nuV(o Of EAAYlVLOnxou£, QCO!la'CXQU£ xa~ JtaAaWXQLonaVLXOUI,; tacpOUt;, n6QVE'.;, VEUQa ~£1lyaQW, cpa:,wQm xm O!lOCPUA6CPLAOL £(3QL0xav EQWTLXO xaTUCpuyw, IlEXQLI,; OTOll O;:YI Olwnl'j TOll EXTETa[lEVOll vExQo'tacpdoll XTLOTYlxaV, ern OExafnu rou '70nOAUWQOCPE£ EQyanXEI,; X<J.TmXLEe;, rrou ooxqA.UOTYlXav on I,; TUAaV'tWOEL£ TOU OELO!lOU TOV IOlIVW TOll 1978.

H nEQwXr] T01J PE~L BaQMQ ELvm YVWOTl'j XL W£ Pcuovo, cno TO ovouc rou OLWQO(POll xacpEvdou xm XOQooLoaOXaAELOU rtou (3QLOx6wv XOVTU OTYlV un08iJXl] 'lYle; «Pt:~L», mivw OTYlV oM Ao-

o 'EQwl,; ox£nEL rrrv n6AYI

83

yXClba, orn OTQOCPi] nQo£ A!AJtEAoxi)n01JI,;. ME TO 6v?[.l~ Pouovc n£QClOE l'j JtEQLOXi] XaL OTLe; AOYOTEXVLX£e; xmaYQucpEt;, OJtw£ OTO '1:QClYOUbL TOll fLwQYou IWUVVOll, OTO KtVTQO ,1t£QXO{itvwv rtou [.tEAonoLytOt: 0 NLxog Ma!layx<ixl'jt;.

II tuu: vux uacptrSEt; xeoa OTT! Pauova, EXOJ va Aaj3aiwv an6 (ita JWTQ6va.

AcpT!a£ ra qxirta, uQV1jJOV oro auora&, I;txaaf to stavta, 6JtOJt; xfJet; ro j3Qai5v.

To ovouc P£~L m'jQEYI ouvoixi« orto rnv nOAuwQoCPl'j xnrtvnrtoEli]Xl'j TY)£ ETaLQELac; Movortoistou OElW!AaVLXWv Kunvcov (Regie) n01J XTLOTl]XE ue a1JOTQoT01JQXLx<i XEcp<iAma TO 1884 O'tYlV coioreQil aQxi] 'tlll,; ooou Aayxacu. LU£ aQXEt; TOll 200u ouovc, OLO EQyoO-rUOLO TYI£ PE~L OOUAE1JaV THQux60L££ nEQLJtou EQyaTQLEe; n01J ouox£ua~Clv rtnvo: «rto ELXOOL EX<J.TO!A!1-uQLa tOLy<iQa yw TOlI£ BEQLaxAi)bE'.; 6Al]t; Tl'j£ BClAxavLxl'jg.

Nona TY)£ MnuQa£, ana LOV naAL6 OLOl'jQOOQO!lLX6 ow8!A6 wI,; rnv 066 MOVUOTYlQfou, «vcueoo OE VlIXT£QLVU XEVTQ<J., xax6cpY)!la !lnaQ, nQaxToQELo. AEWCPOQELWV XaL CPOQTl]YWV, anoEli)x£g OLX~OO!lLXWV 1JALItWV XaL xmc(oTl'j[.lC1Ta, OLClow~ovTm oLwQocpa on,L'tw !lE JtEQLTEXV££ OLOEQLEI,; or«; n6QTE'.; xcn avuyA1Jcp£1,; rroooo\jJELI;, XTLO!A£v.a La JtEQLoOOLEQa YLa TEXVLTE£ f<iAAoue;, BE~YOUI,; xm h;aAou£, OTa ortotc OL£!lEVaV rrrv Enoxil n01J x<J.TaoxEua~av rn OLOllQOOQOI.uxi] YQa!l!li] TOU «Lq..tnAOv OQLav» 010 TEAOe; TOU nEQaO[l[VOU ouovc.

Ill/lELO nOAEObO!ALXne; o.vacpoQul,;, rtou [OWO£ TO ovouc orn ouvoixt« Etvm TO cpaQ!laXELO ZWYQacpou, aX01JOTO WI,; AEwcpOQHaxi) otrion, OTO rooveio TOll OLO:JQOCPOU OJtlTlOU rrouxcrcotocrpnxe crto TOV LTaAlX6 BO~l(3aQOWllO OTO OEUTEQO n6Aq!O. To cpaQ[.laXElO, nou [3QLoxETm EV ~wi) !AE 1Y1V TQLTY) YEvLCt 1WV ZWYQacpat~v cpaQ!luxonmwv, (OQUOE TO 1910, !lETacpEQ!l€VO aJto LTjV Eyvana

84

on~u A£LTOU?Y01JO£ ceto TO 1891,0 Kwvm;uytLvo,:; ZWYQuqJo,:; ano t~ XaAaOtQa, nOD on01Joao£ tYj XHgonOLYjtYj nuguoX£Utl qJagfJ,axw~ OtYjV KwvotavUV01JnoAYj. To naALo qJagfJ,UX£LO, ue to nogo£Aaw;u qJugfJ,aX£utLXU ~u~a ala SUALva gUqJLa, €YLVE ntQao~a aYQotwv lim ngooqJ1Jywv nOD tqJtavav OTllV «Il 1JAll BaQoaQlOU» X~L ow Y1JQW XUVta xm OLU0c.60YjXE O£ :rtQonOA£fJ,Lxt£ XUQt nOOlaA fJ,£ JtQc.6tO JtAUVO toUxnLV££ TOLYYUVE£ j..lE TU nOA1JJttDXU j..lUXQLU qJOUOTUVLU TOU£.

H Mnugu O~atllQd ux6fJ,ll OUO TgLa nUALU j..lJtOQVT€AU, j..l£QLXU j..lJtaQ, j..l£ yuvmx~.:; n?u £xALnug01JV T01.'£ JtEQLqJEgOj..l£VOU':; tll VUXla, ?JtW':; ~a~LU llj..lLY~j..lV£':; OU':; T~UfJ,uQL££ rcov j..lLo6qJWTWV uoyU~LWV, AU LXU SEVUXtuOLxa xm xUfJ,nag€ I-tE nOA UEOVLX£':; YUVULXEt;, anu, n?"Qu rnv OLX~OOj..lLXl1 E1;uYLavoYj fJ,E tL£ noAuc.6goqJ££ nOAuxatoLxLEt;, II nEQLOXll OUVEX(~EL EXOUYXQovwl-t£va rnv nUQuOOOll Tll? EQWtLXitt; I-tVl1fJ,ll£ xru nQooqJoQUt;. KuOE [3Quou, OTOU£ CPWtL?I-tEVOU':; oQ61-t0u£ nEQJtaTOuv E>EOoaAovLXEL':;, maQXLc.6w;, TOU~WTE~ xm VaUTLXOL, CPUVTUQOL xm ~aAxuvlOL I-tEtaVUOTE':;, I-tE rnv ,LOLa EVt<:On tn.:; EQWTLXl1£ nQoooox(u£ xm ouvaAAaYiJ£ rnv O:rtOLU OlJVEXL~£L va OLatnQd EJt( mc.6v££ 0 OTOLXELWfJ,£VO£ I-t1JOo<;

TYj<; I;£XU0I-t£Vnt; XL W.:; TOrrWVUI-tLO OUVOLx(a£. .

BAPilAPI, 0 OM<I>AAOL TOY EPQTIKOY MY80Y

Aueoox; w(}at:afJrfOav an' T'fIV vonteia TOV eocoto; ra Ilayal;ui, rc nEl;oo(}6Ilw, 11 n£TQf~,

xai roLXot, XaL IlnaAx6vw, XaL na(_)(18Wla' tistote aOX111l0 bEv fW~ YEY 10 xei.

K.IT. KABM'H2:

Karwan:' to ontti Ilorrjurrto,

H nAatda BUQougT] d VaL 0 ojJ.qJaA.6<; T,OU EgWTLX?U ~vOov TYjt; E>WO(lAovb-tYj<; XaL oLaXQovLxO EI.tnOQLXO XEVTQO Tn£ n6AYj<;, ov XaL dVaL anwOnfJ,EVn orn ounxit fJ,EyuAn ESooo TWV ~u~uvnvc.6v T£LXc.6V tll<; :rtOAll<;. E.Jt( mc.6vE<; uniJgl;E TO aUjJ.[3oAo tou ovoooto» EQwta, fJ,La Aa'CxiJ nAatda, oaoo UygOTEt; TTl<; fJ,aXEOovLxiJ.:; £vooxc.6ga.:;, TaI;LoLc.6t£.:; TWV TEOOUgWV oLollgoogOI-tLXc.6v YQa!!fJ,c.6v rtou XaTEAllyav o(nAa Tn.:; an' OA II Tll BoxxuVLXiJ, qJaVTCtgoL oAwv TWV oTQanWTLxc.6v Ej..lJtAOXWV TOU ouovc, MLxgaoLun:.:; xm E>gUXLc.6TE':; TWV yugw V£6TEDXTWV JtQOOqJUYLxdrv OUVOLXLOfJ,WV, vmrnxo] xm 1-t0VLfJ,OL XCtTOLXOL TWV Aa"Lxwv TUSEWV, t[3gLOXo.V :rtOLXtALU EQWtLXWV mo.cpwv OTo. nooveto, OTa xaqJE o.j..lUV, oru; ta[3EQVE':; xm OTU xEvTga OLaOXEoaOTl':; Tn.:; JtAaTELa.:;, 0 rraALO':; l-tuOo.:; OEV :rtQOOqJEQEL run xovsvc EVOELXTLx6 XaL qJUOLOYVWfJ,LXO OTOLXdo ton naQEA06vTO':; 01'0 OllfJ,EQLVO OLEQX6- I-tEVO, n£Qa coto n.:; ouviJOEL':; fJ,OQqJE<; TOU ayoQa(ou EQWtLX01J xuxAwfJ,ato.:;, rtou Emf3LWVEL otouc nEQLs OQ0l-tou.:; 'tn v1JX'ta, H rtooo£YYWll lOU xwgou, w.:; [3LWl-tUTLXiJ o.vo.no.Qua'taOll it uv6.xAllon

86

TOU JWQ£A86vwS;, £JIvruyxavnaL oill.LEQa orto TOl)£ QEXT£S; tl TOU£ VOOmAYOUS; TT]£ nEQLOXtlS;, uovo f,l..£ 1jJUXOAOYlXtl nQoclla8wT] XaL EQ£UVT]Tlxij JtQOHoqlaOLa.

o £AEU8EQO£ XWQO£ Tt]S; JtAaniu£ us TO maAA T]AU ovouatn:

JtAUTEla BaQ/)(tQT} XaL, anAW£ ouoereoo, TO BaQr56.Qt, nAUT£La A~wv, METa~6., AAe~avr5Qov Ej3WAOV XaL TWQO: j1J/..loxQaTia~, XaL ot nEQlcp£QLXE£ aVO!-tOLE£ XaL MOf,l..OQCPE£ JtQOO0'tjJ£l£ JtOA uxcWLXLWV XaL XaTUOU1!-tanOV, OEV JtQOOOLOQL~OUV rna xovsv« JtOAEOOOllLx6 XmaAOLJW ono TO f,l..U80 TOU XWQOU. H EQWTlXij naQaOOOT] oTt]QL~naL nEQLoooTEQO oro oQw/lEva TWV 8a!-twvwv XaL nEQaOTLXcl)V H]£ vuxm£ croix oQo!-tou£-Jtomf,l..ou£ xcu mXQooou£ nou oU!-tj3aAAouv ij aQXl~ouV «rto tT]V nAaTEia. 0 nOAI'OOOf,l..LXO£ o!-tcpaA6£ oLva XaL otl!-tEQa rnv a(08T]oT] TOU tEAOU£ Tl tT]£ aQXtl£ !-tLa£ uxnvwnl£ nOQ£La£, naQaoooT] rtou oUVEXL~H(lL XaL OTT] OUYXQOVT] OUYXOLVWVLaXtl nQaxnXtl, xa8w£ T] nAutELa ~T]!-toxQat(a£ anoTEAeL TT]V acpEtT]QLa tT]£ XLALOIA-EtQLXTl£ OTl!-taVOT]£ TWV E8vLXWV 6Qo!-twv rton aQxL~ouv crto Tt] 8woaAOvbtTJ.

LtT]'V nAateLa BaQ6agT] XmaAtlYouv OL OQO~WL Eyvnttc urro TO OWf,l..a TT]£ nOAT]£, ounxa T] 060£ Movcotnotou an6 TO YEO OLOT]Q06QO!-tLXO ota81A-0 Xat TOV xallrro rou Ai;LOU, 2611£ OXtWj3QLOU orto TT]V KatEQLvTJ, to. Lcpayda XaL to MnEXtoLvaQ, Ll.LOLXt]TTJQl- 01J XaL tWQa err' ovourrn TWV xunQLwv t]Qwwv KUQaoAi] XaL ~T]- 1J.:rp:QLo1J urto tT]V navw no At] XCtL TO unouQYELO Max£oovLa£E>Qaxt]£, ~WOEXaVtlo01J ano to AL!-tavL, to £~lJwQLx6 xevroo, tOY ~Qayxo!-taxaM XCtL tn AaM.oLxa. MLxQonQOL YVWOTOl OQOIA-OL, ELQr)VTJ£, AcpQOOLTTJ£, BaxXo1J xm Tcvrcxou, ue La nUALoTEQa IA-0UOOUA!-tuvLxa EVo£Lxnxa ovouoro Safa (EAAt]VWTL Ll.LaOXfOO.OEW£ i] H60vi]£) XaL Dudular (oy]IA-EQa IIQo!-t118Ew£), rtou nEQaoav ornv EQWTLXy] AOyoTExv(a, T11V TEXVll XaL to. QE!-tJtEnxu, OUIA-IA-£TEX01JV acpuvw£ oro £QwTLxa oQ(b!-t£vu tT]£ naQaj3uQ6uQLa£ nEQLIA-EtQou.

IIaQaooOLaxo £QWTLXO XEVtQO TT]£ 0woaAov(XT]£, T] rrAaTeLa BUQoaQT] o:vtA£L TT] ouvulA-Y] TT]S; an:o TO EQWUXO O:AWj3£QlOL TT]t; lA-el~OVO£ n£QLcptQ£La£ rtou nEQLAU!-tBUVEL O£ oxovovurro XUXAO to. AEYO!-tEva naQuj3O:QouQLa, JtEQLOXE£ Mnnoo; XLQ£, no:A.LO£ OLOT]QOOQOIA-LXO£ ow8!-to£, MnaQOUT Xove, AL!.HlVL, Pouovc, 006£ Aayxuoa, KacpavTaQT], ~WlXt]TTJQLOU, 066£ ~wo£xo:vijoou xaL ~Qayxo!-taxuM.£, KoA6!-tBuu XaL Evvcrtc, IA-£ TL£ nOAuj3ou£<; nu-

o 'EQw£ OXEnEL TT]V nOAT]

87

QOOOU£ XaL tu i;Ej3(t!-t!-tEVU AU·LXCt. SEvoooxda 00£ 10 t~a!-tL tou Xa!-t~a !-tnET], nou otEYO:OE !-tEtUnoAE!-tLxa TOV XLVT]!-tUTOYQCt.cpO AAxa,aQ.

H EUQ{rt£QT] neQLIA-£TQOt; TT]£ nAatel,W; W1J Ayiov Baooaoio» oQL08£tEL tT]V TUlTLXi] xuxoCPT]IA-T] O1JvOLxLa TT]£ nOAT]C;, rtou IlVT]!-t£Lw8T]X£ OTT] ouvdoT]OT] tWV 0EOoaAovLxEWV W£ 0 xaTESOXY]V £QwTLx6£ XWQOC; XaL ocpQayLOTT]XE crto t'n OLaXQOVLXi] cpi]!-tT] LWV 8a!-twvwv TT]£ XaL W; AOYOT£XVLXE<; n£QLYQw:PE£ TOU rLWQYOll IceCt.VVOU XaL TOU NT tvo» XQLOuav6noUAOU, TWV orcouov OL rtooocomxt£ rruQatT]Qi]oae; nO:Qo:!).EvOUV nEQLo06T£QO ucoruote; croiuxwv (3Lw!-t(hwv XaL OUlA-nTWlA-atLxE£ avucpOQE£ 1;WV XOlVWVL};WV XaL nOA£O00IA-LXWV aAAOLwoEWV T01) XWQOll, naQu Ex9tOEL£ TWV xa80ALxwV EQWUXWV oQW!-t£VWV 1;t]C; n£QLoxTl£. H T£A.LXi] ULo8T]OT] nou (1JtO!-tEV£l crto TT]V avaYVWOT] AOYOTEXVLXWV XEL!-tEvWV eLVCtL nwc; T] nAan:Lu BUQouQT] OEV anOTEAeL nEQLxaQUXW!-tEVO £Qwnx6 nQooxi]vw, aAAa 1;0 A£XTLXO oUIA-BoAO XaL 0 ovoucrtxo; m'Qi]vae; IA-Lat; TE:QCt.onae; EQwnxi]£ nEQLOxY]e;, rtou (1JtAWVETm crro LO AL!-tCt.VL we; m LTauQ01JnOAT] XL an01;O OLOT]QOOQO!-tLXO ma9!-t6 we; TT]V oM BEVL~EAOU.

o rLwQYo£ Ioxrvvou nQoo£YYL~EL TTj 8QuALxijnAuTeLa us ESE~ QEUVT]nxi] lA-an6. ore m~oYQacpi]!-tut6. 10U xm xumYQacp£L u£ LOLaL1.:tQOTT]tE£ Tll£, uva~T]twvme; Bi]!-ta rrQoe; j3i]!-lO: TO LOTOQLX6 nUQEA80v XaL 'to oUyXQovo £QWTLXO nOQtQETO TT]e; nAt n£i,a£. 0 n£~oYQacpo;, o:xoAou8wVTUt; OLUCPOQE£ nOQELEe; nQo<; tOY ourpnM Tll<; rrAmeLac;, uno TO OLOT]QooQOIA-Lx6 mo:81A-6, ana TL£ oooue; cl>Qayxwv XaL ~(J)6Exuvi]00u xm tT]V E'YVaTLU, oLaCiQof,l..Ee; £QWtLxi]e; uva~i]TT]otJc; XaL LOTOQLXy]£ nUQaTi]QT]Oll£, xamAa!-tj36.vETaL crto OUVaLoOT]!J.UTLXi] taQuxi] XaL ouvEyeLQ£L OAE£ tu; aL08r)oae; XaL yVWO£l£ YLU TT]V XO:TUVOT]OT] TOU Lc'IL6TUnOU XWQou, rtou JtUQU!-leVeL XWQ!.e; oT]!J.aoLa YLU LOU£ U!-tUTjLOU£ XaL UVlIJtOtjJi.aoTOU<; OWB6.TE£ XaL mJYXQOVOue; EJt0XOU!-t£VOUC; tT]C; n£QLOxi]£·

«Tux va EUJXWQrl(m~ aTT}V Jr6A1} TI1~ B£aaaAovixr]~, eQx6/lEvo; ano TO otonuo, avavxn, ax£b6van6AVTT}, va xeoaoei; ano TT}V EQwnXrl nAaTe{a BaQr5aQiov», YQacpEL 0 fLwQYo£ Ioxrvvou, «To BaQr5aQL el. VaL XWQoi; EQo.mxo~, OAE~ n; WQEr; rr]~ l1{.ltQa~, ua nio nOAv TO an6(3Qar5o. Tn vvxra eomubvec CTXE06v rlllaUov ta :7rESObQo{.lLa TOU yivovrm aJTAa JT£Qaallara. Movo £~w aito ia Aai:Xa

88

atVE!.UX rEAEimt axooooiooiota xat), XL avr6 ans WQEs nov tpcoraVE axoua at nQo8rjxb~ TOVs ... An' TO BaQbaQL va nEQva~ ei vat xca naoaeivai clftArj1jJt{A.O, XL avttxovoto va OQi~H~ EXEi ta oavrE{3ov, p,aAwm WQE; xai ueoe; nov eivai xAEwra m xataomuata. 'Ioo»; yt ' avr6 &v iXEt aoxetotx; am nE~ooQ6{A.ta, nCQvovv xai qJEVYOVV rj xwvovmt am oiveua, qJTWXOTa{3tQVE~, naoxasioueva ax6V1] xaqeveia nov VJraQxovvE otnv xeoupeoeia, evaio»TOi nov ustatvovve eta ouupooa YEAoia xcuxaoe EiVat ~ivot nQo~ T1]V n6A1] rj QcpaAw !;exopf.tiva an' tnv EVT6ma naoaooon»

<PCl.V1(lQOL, vsoi 1;WV Aa'Cxwv OlIVOLXLWV, €Qya:n::c; xm lJ,a8rl1;cu6- IJ,EVOL l"EXVL1;EC;, lJ,u8111;ee; nXVLXWV OXOAWV xm VUXtEQLVWV tUSEWV coto Aa'(xu 01QWIJ,al"CI. JWU XataXAu~OUV rnv 3TAatda, XacpEveto; IJ,naQ, xalJ,naQe xm rrQonuVTwv TCI. AC((XU OLVEIJ,U IJ,E ro xuOUlJ,nOLXa nUALO'tEQU xru rc OXAllQU fQya rtoovo or)IJ,EQa, f(vm 11 XLVlltr)QLa XOLVWVLXr) lJ,u~a non oove! EQWTLXU rnv nAaTELu, XCI.- 8we;, 1J,6ALe; JteoEL 11 VUXTCI., sExuVOVtm ore nE:QLs TllC; nAatELue;, crro tc yU(lw 1;EVOooXdu XL oA6xAllQll1;llV n6All, nOQVEe;, 'tQU~EOTt, OIJ,OqJUAOqJLAOL, nEQLEQYOL XL Cl.vunOqJaOLOtOL. AUTO to EQWuxo XOLVO, rtou ELvm JtQOE'tOLI.WOIlEVO yw EQWtLXr) ouvaAAayr), xQmUEL OE E1;mpll XaL UVllOUXLU to XWQO, xa8we; OL JtQooEyylow; Y(VOV'taL auvr)8we; aOEsLa xm OL UVTLoQaoue; YLa toix uVEm8uIl11TOUe; EQaOtEe; Y(VOVtm OE cpwvaXAUOLXO TOVO xrn IJ,E axawVOY]tEe; CPQUOELC; XaL ~QWLEe; OtllOLaAEXTO tWV XUALaQVTWV.

TLe; UAAuytr; 'tllr; JtAatELar; xm TON rraQu{3aQouQ LWV, rnv XOL VWVLXr) xm EQWTLXr) IJ,OQCPOAOY(U 'tllr;, Xal"tYQU1jJE, /-tE rrrv o1;ELU noQmllQlltLXOTllta xm rnv nOAUXQOVll auto1jJ(,a TOU XWQOU, 0 rtom'tTJe; NTLVOr; XQLOTLCl.VOJtOUAOr;, UJtO rnv JtAOUOLa EQW'tLXi) ooonu tcov IJ,EWJtOAEIlLXWV XQOVWV we; rn VEXQi) mUTOU tfle; OEXUET£ae; TOU ' 80. H tot XOYQucp(,a tlle; JtAuTdac; 01, vetru ue EvTOVC( XQWIJ,al"U 01::0 BaQDaQt 1977.

«Sa otosiouevo aaAowhct TO BaQ6aQL vno6ExeTat xa8E {3Qa6v ta tpavtaou: TOV, Xat aav oixooeonoi VEt; OL a&QqJit; Ta qJtAElJOVV xovvnuata Xat xaQT~LAiXta. Movtrrcxo; mmo: nEQtqJEQOVTat am nEQtl;, {A.EXQt nov to na{Qvovv anoaxun; xai {30AEVOVtat xar« m yvwara. An6 Us {36QEte; xa: 6VrtXE; aVVOtXiEt; m AEwrpoQeia

o 'EQwC; OXErrEL tflV Jt6All

89

xaTE{3a~ovv AOYLW AOytW xoiococn»; xai uavxaxu», llaeT}TE; TOV xaoate, {A.Ovvr~ovQ1J6er; xa: EQyaTOt£XV{ tee; nov anovba~ovv oe vvxrEQtvit; axoAtt;. OA1] rovr; T} 1./.lVxaywyia: no't5oarpatQaxLa xai auvaviotnoux. To {3Qa&v6 TOV;: uux uxovvaioa xai yaAa. 1:nr; xVQtaxanxer; XQL uxe; yta ro n066arpatQo, ro "{A.aAaXa" naiovei xat. oive: oe 6AOVr; rOVr; T6vovs. Kaootoaxux {A.E AaeQaier; xaotYES 6taqJT}p,i~ovv A WeA6nOVAO xai Ka~avr~ib1J. YIIAPXQ ota(3at.;ELr; ae rQixvxAa Xat p,nAov~aXLa. An6 ra itooeoa onoxio atVE{A.a, ta iota xeoaoav i]b1J otn AoyotExvia xai TWQa EXOVV oeio« ra xaioattioo«: To p,naQ !;eqJvTQwvOVV oa uavt uioux, xQarwvra~ 6ao unooonv va xQaTi]aovv tnv naoaooon TOV BaQ6aQL. 1:iQ{3m TovQiarEr; y6vvovv ta ETOLllaT~i6txa, xai xtrQLv6f..wvQes f{JvAt~ an' TT}V Aola rQEAat vovrcz yta To6vrEr; xai nOQv6.

»Meoa a' avri]v tnv ratxoYQarpia. xanov ea naQEt to uati aar; Xat uiva, va OrEXO{A.at aE uux aXQT} axivmo«, nait.;ovrar; {A.E TO xop,noA6L rwv na(Jwv {.tOV.»

IIaQU111QllTTJQLO tllr; XL vnon; 0111V rrAUtEtu xm EQW1LXiJ mrrroo TO OLVEIlU JAWVOtfJ ~6QELa JtAEUQU tllr;, O111V acpE1fJQLu tllC; OOOll AuyxaM, rtou oOllyd OtOUr; Aa'ixour; oiJf..lOUr; IJ,E TOUr; nQoocpUYEe; XaL toix EOWTEQLXOUC; IlEtUVU01Ee; tlle; Moxeoovtcc; Ano TO rtst;,ooQ6!1LO tOU TAwv IlE tu; rportst VEr; JtQ08TJXEe; IJ,E He; AOYOXQL!J,EVEe; cpwToYQacpLEe; tWV JtQo~aAA6IlEVWV truvuov, 0 JtOLlltiJe; {3LWOE nr; aAAuyer; XaL 111V EJtEQX6!.!EVll EQwnXTJ EQTJIJ,WOll, ono»; rnv XCI.taYQUqJEL 0't0 Jtol llllu BaQbaQt: [Mov nEQmr;.

XQ6vta at1]p,tvos E!;W oxo TO « 'JAtOV» pa~i ue aAAOV~ op,otOnaefir;, bt6AOV an{f)avo nov aQXwa va VLWeW srouro TO aeAtO oiveua aav TT}V nQwretiovaa rnr; Toouu; xca TO eraxivsvvo BaQbaQt

aav TO oTQar6nE60 TCOV Axmwv. Aouuative; xaQaboxovaav xdeE {3Qabv, oav tOVr; TQwEr;, va xawrp(Jaaovv at AXatOi, OL XaxLrp6Qot, xaQaboxovaa xai EYW, OaVaAAOr; EXTWQ, roy AXtAAEa va tpavei XaL va 11 ' abQa!;n,

as aXOYELvi] ywvta TOV xaoioo» va IlE aVQn XL avti yta eoorta, v' aQxiaEL tu; XAoTOtEr;.

90

de qJavra!;opovv ti eQrlPWO"T1 fJa 'Qxorav ueoa OE Ai ya XQ6vLa. K L ouox; oav tnv Tooia, QrJpa1;e ro BaQoaQL uac; TWQa navEVat;

& ocQVEL OV7:E OXVAfVft. fJJwra xca touoiotec; M6vo ta YXQEptOftEVa xturtoa EPEL va v,

JTafJn uuu; aAA1]e; fJTOXrJt; yLa va fJvpit;ovv ~

nL EYW va Jr£QLqJEQopm, vvxr6f3Wt;,

f.1E aQxaixovC; ovveiouoo; q;vrot;wwvrae;.

Tc Au'Cxa otvsuc tOU BUQ6aQl1, Tsiov, Ilavileov, Aalx6vxm AUxa (10 A Tnx6v EXH xu8Ei, uVEmOLQEmL ncxQuxwQtl)VTa£ rnv uL80uoa rou OE 1{O".taOtT]~u T]AEXtQLXWV nowv), AEL 1OllQYOUV twQU !lE tc oXAl1Qa ztoovo we; XWQOL EQWUX'tl£ O~OCPllt..OcpLAT]r; ov«ti)tT]OT]£. 0 L6LOtuJto£ XUQux'ti)Que; tour; cxnOtUnwvE1m o ru; uvnOQaoHe; rcov 8u!lwvwv uno rn JtQO(:)UAt..O!lEVU OESOllUALXa 01l~nAEYllu'tu otnv 080vT] xm tu; XUQUYIlEVE£ i) YQumEe; EQWUXEr; nQOtQonEe;, XQCXUYEe; o'tEQT]IlEVWV xeu XUOULOAOY(,E£ otou; 'toLXOll£ xeu W; J'tOQ'tEe; rrov oUQT]tT]QLWV toix. 'GAU uvuoLvouv XAELOOUQU xm Il:rtOXu 6Laxu'tou O:rtEQ~Uto£, nrto nr; :rtQunvtr; WQEs nou YEIlLtOUV !lE JtEQuonxour;, EQYUt01:EXVL'tEr;, UEQyour;, 11IlEQi]moll£ E!lJ'tOQEUOIlEVOUr; LOU xa!lJ'tou, rtou nULQVOUV t110(,WQT] 00011 tour; oru; OXOLELVEr; uL8OlJOcr;, xru UOELOUXOUr; cpuvtaQovr;, !lE 01lVEXi) EVUAAuYi) JtEAU'tWV wr; LU IlcoaVUXLa. OL 8u!lWVE£ tour; ELveu n6Lxo XOLVO LWV AU'CXWV O'tQWllatWv, JtaQUt11QT]tEr; tT]r; XLV11!laT0YQUcpLxi)r; EQwnxi)r; EXtOVWOT]r; i) uvut11't11T£r; EQwnxwv OUVtQOCPWV IlEOU XL EI;W ccro TT]V uL80LJou. H nuvTEAi)r; crrouotc torv yuveuxwv cv8UQQUVcL tLr; 80QU(:)WOcLr; ExcpQaonr; EQWUXOU JtEQLEXOIlEVOU OE 6T]IlOOLa J'tQOOXA110T] EQWtLXi)£ eixoXLw; xm T] uL80uou IlEtUIlOQcpWVEtm OE 6T]IlOOLO nQOOXAT]ti)QLO.

IIuAL6'tEQU r« Au'Cxa OLVE!la tou BUQMQy) Enmtuv XCXAEr; coruVOIlLXEr; xm X(WllllnOLXEr; tmvLE£, XO".L OTOUr; 8U!lWVEr; 'tour; J'tcQLAUIl(3avOVTaV tELJyaQLU n01) unotT]LOUOUV EQurnxo XALIlU OTO OXOTaOL, «xoun xru OLxoytVEU:r;, YllVaLXEr; xm rrm<'iLa, O".1t6 nr; ounXEr; AU'CXEr; o'UVOLxLEr;,

«Ta mVE{lO: rov Baooaoicn) xoitoove oto 0l}VOA6 TOVe; tacvie; nOQvLX{e; xai !;ero{nWTEC;», J'tUQU'tT]QEL 0 fLWQyor; IWUVVOll, «EVW ][C1At6TEQC1 ita {t;av xVQiwe; aotvvouixa xca xaOUf.1J[O totixa ono»

91

ustoocru: am CAEEwv6mra "JwQvo" cpavrat;ovvc Q?{tC1vnxo: X~L f!;aiaw, XL otav xauui ({IoQCt xai TWQa fJravaAalJJ)avOVrat uouxt;ovv ue fJfift; Aft rovQyiet; ue; Of OVQrJn'lQW.»

LtOUr; OQO[.l.OUr; YUQW orto 'tT]V nAutdu XaL to. XUVLU urri]Qxav o.rro nr; UQXEr; rou mwvu wr; to IlcoonOAEllo nOAAu xaq;E C1{tCtV, xo.cpEvELu orcou cro nQOXELQo SUALVO nUAxo yu~o.L;{cr;, MLx.Qu:

OLunooEr,;, Ef}go.LEr; XaL AQ[.I.EVWOEr;, TQuYOLJOOUOUV nuOT]'tLXU tQuyOUOLU xm tmcptfLEALU, ulluveOEr; x.m YLO,QEOEr;, !.I.E LY) OU~OoELu AU'CX.WV oQYuvwv, OL OTLXOL TWV na8LuQLxWV TQUYOUOLWV, rtou OLJVOOEUOVTaV!.I.E XAaQLVU, ocno, VtEcpLa xm VTU'CQEOEr;, xct£AT]yav OE UQyocrUQTa «Ul-tav» -Ex.cpQaOTl cQW1LXOU XUl1!lOU X.~L O~X.OVOIl~xi)r; xm XOLVWVLxi)r; x.atUnLEOT]r;~ EVW T]IlLYll[.l.VEr; yUVaLx.Er; EAEU8EQLwv T]8wv XOQEuav uvUtOALTLX01Jr; XOQour; TT]£ X.OLALar;, 0a!.l.WVEr; rrrcv vromoi, vcornxot, to.I;L6Lww;, EAAT]VEr; nooOCPUYEt; tT]t; A vatOA.lJt;, UAAU xm otQunwtct; LT]t; Avtcvt oro XQoVLa 'tOU MaXEOOVLX.OU Metconou crto nt; UOLUUXEr; xru UCPQLXUvLxtr; anOLxLEr; tT]r; faAALUr; x.m AyyAtur;, xu8wr; T] 1l0LJO~~i] XaL ~L XOQoL 'tWV yuvmxwv tWV XUCPE al-tuv 8UIlL~UV ru; llaXQLVEr; natQL- 6Er; roix,

MEta tTl !.I.LxQumUnx.i) XatUOtQocpi), rWAAu x.acpt ullav !.I.EtES~ALXtT]xUV OE XEVTQU 6wox.toaoT]t; !.I.E AU'CXE£ X.O!l':UVLEr; our; onO,tEr; OUll!.l.ETELxaV nOAAO£ QEIlJtEtE£ xm MLX.g(WLatEr; x.m ,8Qax.LWTEt; nQ60cp\)YEr; j,WUOlXO£, IlE f}LoALa, YXULVtEr; xm covrouoic. Tumxo OclY!la tOLJ !.I.EtEsEALYllevou XUCPE oucv rnv ncQLooo 'tOU [.I.Eoonot..£[.I.oLJ OtY) 8EOOUAOVLXy) anOt£AEL 'to XQvaovv anioiov otn ywvi,o. tWV oowv Evvcrt« XaL IIQuooux6.XT], OtO LOOYELO tOU utYUQOLJ BaQ(:)Lto~WtT], o£nAu oro nUALo cpuQ!lo.x.Elo TOU N~xou faf}QLlJA llEvttLx.TI, ~E rsrour x.acpE alluv xm xtvtQa TQaYOUOTlOUV, T] Pota EOXEVU~L, XC1L oi GEOoaAOVLX LEr; LLEAAa Xaoxi)A xm ~EBCI.i; XaVOU!l, IlE to Jtgo.wunxo TT]t; OVO[.l.U LEBo.OTi) IIanu60~oLJAO~,

LLO BagMQL BQLOx.ovruv xm uHa x.tvTQa IlE OTl!.l.OnXEr; oQX~OtQEr;, onwc; 0 Esatt»; x.m T] NfC1 ZO)1], orcoo OLUox£ou~a; Jt~oOcpUYEr; XaL EOwtEQLxoL IJ,ETaVaOtEr; un' OATI rn ,Jv1UxEoovLa, ~ExwgWtij xutT]yoQLa llaya~Lcov nrcv La rQa/3wra6LXC1: xacpEVEL~OtEXLU IlE f}aoLxoUt; 8aIlWVEr; UOEQcptr; x.m tQuBwn, tc oxoic EX.AELVUV ouxva IlE uYOQaVOIJ,LXEr; acpOQIlEt; crro TI1V aOTUVO!.l.La. [VWOtO mEXL orn OEX.UOETLU L01) '70, ornv 000 ALOXUAOlJ, i)TUV Y)

92

2:£XQa~6.r, (LE TYlV «avEnavCtAYlJtTll E~WTLXtl Xat E~WCPQEVLXtl cruooqxnoo; [.lE, to nOA UX~W(La Aa[.lnLOVLa, rn EQWTLxa CPTYlVOAOUAOUoa, T,a aAAOXOTa ,aA"-C: [.laYEUtLXa £touAALa TWV 80:[.lwvwv», 6nw£ ~1JI.WTm 0 0w[.la£ KOQoj3iNYl£. An6 La xevroo a1JT(X, auvtl8w£ ECPEUY~V YLa n~ EQwnXE£ JLLataE£ oc TQaj3wTL, aQXLxa nEQLs TYl£ n~aTEta£, aQY~TEQa a;:l1V 000 IIOAUTEXVELOU Xat 111V 000 Avuov IIavTw,v Ol~V '::'YlQoxQYlvll, Xat a' aUTa XatEAYlyav YLa vo nVL~OUV !!E JtOTa urtouns; TOV xcnuo Tll£ EQWTLXrj£ JtQoooaia£ i) cnovoriTEuaYlS;.

2:i)[.lEQ,a Yl JtA?TEla xm OL YUQW OQO[.lOL YE!ALOav cpWTa, cp8Ylva xo:~aQE us Yl[.lLYU!AVES; yuvaLXES; rtou EXALJtaQOUV TOUS; JtEQaanXOUS; v,a [.lJtOUV OT~ (LLaocpWTLO!AEva OTEVO!Aaya~a ue EQwnXES; u:roa~EOEt£, «(LOUAEV QOul;:,» ue YU!Ava !AnaAfla «no ne; aVatOALXE£ XWQE£, y~a TOUQLOTE£ Xat vaunxo1ie; JtOU JtYlymvOEQXOVTat oro YEt TO~Lxa [.lEY~Aa ~EvoooxEia xat TO: E!AnOQLxa xaTcwTrj!AUm TYl£ Eyvm,LW;. OL VEO~, TO JtO:A~6 LOLOTUJtO XOLVO TOU BaQociQYl, !AE ~OTOOLXA~TE£ Xat vtntoouv aval;:,YlTOUV EQwnXEe; aUVTQocpLEe; OE UAAOU£ XwpOue;, OTO XEVTQO Xat rnv avaTOALxrj 0woaAOVLXYl, !AE TYlV,'IJ!Euoa,La8YloYl Tlle; XOLVWVLXrj£ avaj3a8!ALaYle; Xat TYle; OLXOVO!ALXlle; a~T~QXELa£, ac~ou OEV ESavayxal;:,oVTat ma os EQwnxrj auvaAAayYl, 0:rwe; naALOTEQa yw to xaQt~LALXL, JtEQLCPEQO[.lEVOL ore JtaQaj3aQ6aQ La.

H JtAm~La BaQOCtQ~ Ulti)QSEV aVExa8Ev 11 «ltUAYl» Tlle; nOAll£, xa,L aTO XEVTQO ,Tlle; j3QLOXE,tat 8,aj..t[.lEvo TO xmWC(lAL T11£ XQuatle; IIUA11£, tYlS; !AEyaA11£ c"nmxll£ ESOOOU TWV lELXWV TYlS; 0waaAovLxl1£, 6tCtOlW11S; SUQae; ']:11£ EyvatLae; ocoo an' ortou nEQaaav SQL<;[.lj3EUTE£, JtEQLYlY11TEe; Xat mQm:oi Xatoxi)e;, 0 yaAAOe; nEQLllYllTYle; KOU~L,VEQL, 0 ?lto(o£ ltEQ(XaE tll XQuoi) IIuAYl OT11 oExaETLu Tll£ EAAllvL~l1S; EnavaOT;XOlle; rou 1821, (LLAan YLa TYl OLJtAi) JtUAll xa~ !ALa TQLT~, TYlV onoto aXEotaaE, !AE YAunlEe; YLQAaVTES; «rrou EVWVETat aJt~ Tlj ~La Xat rnv aAA~!AE to XOVTLv6: aJtLtLa». ELVat lJ 8QLa!Aj3EUTLX~ minoa rou AV1WVLOU Xat OXlaj3Lavou, nou EOTllO~V ltQoS; nunv TWV QW[.laLwv aUToxQat6Qwv OL cpLAOXataaQLxot X?TOLXOL HI£ n~AlJS;, untQ «0woaAovLxEWV EAEU8EQ(US;», uerc TlJ VLXYj, aTOUe; il>LALJtnouS; to 42 zt.X. xat6: rou BQOUTou, 0 oaoto; ELXE TUSH orou; OTQanWtEe; ron we; VLXllTtlQLO OWQO tYj AEYlAaaLa Tlle; Jt6Alle;.

o 'EQwe; OXEltEt tl]V n6AYl

93

H XQuoi) IIUAll xatE6acpLaTl]XE TO 1874 orro TOV EXOUYXQOVLOTi) j3aAi) tllS; 0EOoaAovLxlje; MLOCtT Ilooc, yta vn (Ll]V Ef.,llt06U;'Etru II X'IJXAocpoQLa TYle; EyvatLae; nou ELXE otanAaTuv8d to 1868. 'E[.lELVaV oQ8ta, EUTUXWe;, votto tl]e; JtAatdae; to: xccroc tOU cpQouQLou lOU BaQoaQl,ou, tOU MJtaQouT Xcve, xm j30QELa TO tELXOe; tl]e; ooou ELQi)Vll£, oJtOU xrrtro crto TOV XEQa!AOnAaanx6 OLaXOO[.lO TOU TE(xOUe; JtaxTw8llxav rc j..taQ!ACtQLva tOQava crto 10 aQxa(o OtCtOLO Xat lOV LJtJtOOQO(LO tl]e; 0EOoaAOV(XYJe;, ow j3u~avnva XQ6wx, OLa mv oortnotov tl]e; Jt6AEWe; coto ru; EJtL6Qow:e; 2:Mj3wv, Bl]OLy6t8wv, 2:aQaxljvwv, KataAavwv, Nocuovoov, BOUAYCtQWV, BEVETWV, il>Qayxwv xaL Touoxeov. 2:tO Mrtuooirt Xove, OltOU OtEya1;:,ovTav OL tOUQXLXEe; alt08i)xEe; UALXOU JtOAE[.lOU, ulttlQxav we; tLe; aQxt£ rou cuovc, OLaOWO!AEVa we; AaCPUQa, 6ltAa Xat JtEQLxEcpaAaLEe; tWV j3u~avtLvwv uJtEQaOJLLOtwv Xata mv aAwoll tYle; JtOAl]e; orto TOUr; Touoxou; to 1430. Kat oi)(LEQa, OtOV 6.AAOt£ UYQLO XWQO rou Mncootrr Xove, yta 6EXaEtlEr; vuXtEQLVO eoomxo xawcpuYLo Y La tu; xaA VtEQL!AL 11;:,0UOEe; yuvaLXEe; XaL tn OJ..lOcpuA6cpLAa 1;:,EuyaQLa TOU BaQo6.Qll, naQu tOY E~wQa'iO!J,O, to cpWtW!A6 Xat mv a:rWXaTaOTaOYl tWV tEtXtbv crto TllV aQXaLOAOYLXtl uJtYlQEOLa, Tn vUXTa ouvEXL1;:,nat YJ JtaQa600LaXtl EQWnx'!) AELtOuQYLa, !J,Et6. tT)V CJ.J[OxwQl1011 cutoxwnteov o:rro TO Jt(XQxLvyx tou xcoroo» xru tWV 8a[.lwvwv TOU yEt TOVLXOU OLXaOTLXOu [.l€yuQou.

H JtEQLOXlj T11e; XQuotlr; I1uA11£, II nAatELa BaQ6uQl], OUYXEVTQWVE alto rou; nQwTou£ atWVEe; Tll£ (OQU011£ tn£ n:6Alls we; o'!)~EQa, XUJtllAeLU, xaXOCP11[.la xuvLa Xat xa[.laLtunELa, xacpEvELa, xacpt cunv, xacpt oovrcv, xa~JtaQE, Aa'Cxu OLV£[.l6. XaL XEvTQa o Laoxtoao11e;. ITa YUQW x6.v~a ~EJtE1;:,zuav OL [.laXQLvot ZJLLoxtm€£ xat £[.lJtoQEu6[.lEVOL Tl]£ Jt6AYle;, JtOU tcpTavav rrrn 0woaAOVLXn (LEOW t11r; EYVa1LUI; «no tflV AOQLunXtl Xat TnV KrovorcvnvouJtOA11, rnv A8tlvu, TO BeA~YQUOL, tn BLEVVl] Xat tl] Iocpw Xat am JtOA U't€Ai) ~Evoooxda trov aQX(Ov rou ouovo XatEA uov OL ~EVOL taSLOLWTee; ltOU oonvotrvrov avuyxaOTLXCt 01YJV JtAat€La orro TOV JtaALo OLOnQOOQO!A~Xo OTU8~o, acpou Yl 6L€!Aj30Atl tWV Aa66.6~xwv EYWE [.loALr; Ot11 o€xanLa tOU 1930!AE tl] o LUVOLSn 'tne; OOOUTOL[.lLoxtl- Airrf l] ETEQ6xAnTYl uCP~~YJ TWV XLAL6.6wv ~EVWV EJtLOXEJttwv, rtou ava1;:,nTouoaV nr; n:QwtEe; VuXt£e; ~ExouQaOYl, l.jJuxaywyLa Xat

94

EQwnXrl 60:ArrWQrl, rrQOXaAWE t'l1 OUYXEVTQWOY] rcov 'ljJUXO:YWYLXWV AH WUQYLWV oro rrO:Qo:BO:QoaQw, rrEQO: cno to, qmOQLXa XUtcorriuorc xm to: rrOAAa 'i;EVOOOXELu.

'E'i;w coto TT] XQUOrl IIuAT], ow QWllu'ixa XQOVLCl. Otr)VQWV EllrrOQLXQ rrUVT]YUQL xm OLOut; vcorx tY]e; rrOAT]e; TEAOUVto:V OQYLuonXEe; nAHEt; AmQElae;, To: KuBELQELa-IIu6Lu, rrQoC; tLllrlV rou rrOALOUXOU T'I1t; rrOAT]e; Oeou KUj3dQou, rrou aVtLXmCLOta8'11XE OTOUt; rrQWtoXQ LOT LaVLXOUt; XQOVOue; crto TO XQLonaVQ AYLO A'I1- IlrlTQLO.

LTOV LOW XWQo arrAwvoTUV xC1Ta TT] Bu~uvn Vrl rrEQLooo XC1L T] AallrrQrl EllrroQorravrlyuQY] TWV AT]~Y]TQLWV, onou, rrEQa orto TY]V EVTUJ[{))OLaXrl Ex8wT] E!DToQEullatwv em' OAOXA'I1QY] TT] BaAxuvLXrl, axo[lY] XCXL TT]V lto:ALu, TT]V Icnovtc XCXL tT] Peootc, OL XLALaoEe; E[lrroQoL xm It0:VT]YUQLWTEe; EI3QLOxav rrmxLAft; OWOXE<')(1.OfLe;, orrwe; ~aQTuQfLTm aTO O())~OllfVO oLaAoyo TOU 120u ouovo «TL~O:QLwv rl rrfQL TWV xo:6' o:mwv rra8Y]~aT(JJv». II fQLYQacpoVTae; ne; EVTurrwofLC; 'IOU «rto TO Ta'i;LoL TOU OTy] 0WOO:AOvLXT], OTY]V mOXrl 'IOU rra~aQW1), 0 rrQwwywVWtrlC; TL~aQLwv AEH on YEAWtorrOLOL, rrAaVOOLOL 1l0UOLxoL, wLQxoAavOL, ~(~OL xm 8EC1TQ(VOL OLaOXEoat:,av TOV XOOIlO, fVW rroAAOL ~EeOuoav OTa YUQ(JJ rtcvooxda, XUTUYWYLa, XO:jJCXLTurrda xm XUrrT]Aua jJE UUAT]TQLOEe;, ooXy]OTQLO[t;, ETuLQ[e; xm «rroQvoI300X01)C;», TOUe; OT]~fQLVOUe; rrQoaY(JJyout; xm OWW:nE!DTOQOUC;. LTT]V Low rraQaj3aQoaQLa rrEQLOXrl urrrlQxav OTa Bu~avnvu XQOVL«, rrEQav T(JJV xaAu~~EvWV xuxoCPT]~(JJV navooXEL(JJv, XCXL JWQVtLU, an&.. OL But:,uVTLvoL ouyyoacpde; n[QLoQLt:,oVTC1L OE T]8LXOAOYLXEe; avw:pOQEe; xm uovo 0 EJtLoxostoc 8woaAOVLXT]C; Euotufhoc;, rrfQLYQuCPOVto:t; TT]V aA(JJo'l1 TY]e; JtOA'I1e; ceto TOUe; NOQ[lavooue; TO 1181, avucpf,Qftm cru; JtOQVEe; «me; uovnu; aVEAa~m XUAAOt; uicuouoo», ~EOO: OTT]V rocvoibLa Tne; mx~aAwoLae; T(JJV vecov xm yuvmx(OV TY]C; OU~j3UOLA['UOUone;

Tnv 'ljluxaywYLXrl naQMooT] TT]e; rr[QLOXrle; OEV OLEXO'ljlE OUTE T] aUVtY]QT]TLXrl LO£OAoyLa TaU LOAa~LO~OU xru OTO: to:j3EQvdO: TOU BaQo&..QT] «wuxvat:,ov amOLOL, OL£cpOaQIlEVOL xm EXOOTOL He; we; aOWTELCXI; XCXL TCXI; axoAc1.OLap>, 6n(JJe; OT]~EL(bVfL 0 EBALa TOEAE~JtL rrou nEQcw£ coto TO BaQouQL TO 1667. LTOV TOUQXO nEQLT]yT]Trl Exav£ evrorroion TO OEa~a «T(JJV coto rrQwLae; ~EeuaIlEVwv» XL oxouo on oro x&"VLa «orov ne; ~Eel,aEL, oure TY]V x£LQa EXTELvEL nQoe; ro nmoLa XaL Tae; yuvaLxae; tcov XanrlAWV OUTE OLU A6ywv

o 'EQwt; OXEn£L TY]V rrOAT]

95

EVOXAEL' mLXQaTd ~Ey6.AY] TUI;Le;.». To XUVLa XO'.L rn xacpEVELa ora X06vw tT]e; tOuQxoxQC1TLae; oUVEXi.t:,OUV va rraQEXOUV ne; EQ(JJTLxEe; OU,UXOAUVOELt;, nEQa cno ta rraQaooOLax6. YELtOVLXU nOQveto TY]e; MrruQCXI;, XaL OL Oa~wvEe; tou; va rttvouv xQaoL XO'.L QaxL naQu T'I1 QY]trl 6QT]aXEU'tLxrl ovnxctcoroon ttov xQaooJtOl)AELCOV crto ~rro1;axavEOEt;, rtou Jt()\)AOUonV ~no1;a (YAUXO QocpT]~a cote XEXQL) XO'.L XOOUCPL (acpE1.[JrJ[la coto I;EQU j3EQI,xoxa, Oa[l6.oxT]va xm OTacpLOEC;). LTO BaQoaQT] OUYXEV'tQWVOVTaV, LowL'tEQa TLt; vuXTEC; Tot) Pa~a1;avLOu, xm noHoL ~ETtaXrJoEC;, TOUQXOL ~LIlOL XaL xW~LxoL, nou OLUOXEoat:,av TOut; ~OUOOUA~&..VOUC;!-lE aOtELEt; OLT]YrlOELt; XaL naQwowvto:C; oL6.cpOQa JtQ60wna LrJe; EJtLXaLQ6tT]tac;.

«Eu; TrW avvoudav aVT11v» (BaQouQY]), YQUCP£L 0 TOEAEI-lrrL, «vJTl:tOXovv 20 f1JTo~axav65£~ xai 17 (.l£YdAa cooaia xaspeveia. Tois; Baucavec; mrv xcapeveiorv owaxfDa~ov ra avatokttixa uouoixa 60yava xm Toayovowra{ xai (.l£TT6X1'f&~ XaL aoiooi XaL YEAWTOxoioi XaL j3(IJI.WAOX0L. Exe! &r70XOVTO EVXaoiaTw~ ra~ wQa~ T1'f~ 1'f(.lfoa~ XaL r'l~ VVXTO~ 6X[ uovo Ot Ta~[O[WTaL, aAAcl XaL clv80wito: TWV yoa(.l(.lclTWV, 0[ itourtai, 0[ XO(.l1jJEVO(.lEVo[ XaL 0[ EOWTVAOL. .. »

H ouvoixtc TOU BaQo6.QT] cro t£l,.Ot; TOU 190u uuovc IlE TOV «Tcavte TWA», to tPaODv D06(.lo, 6rr(j)£ ovountorrrv Y] Evvuttu XCtL mLorJ~a OTOU£ JtOAEOOO~~xouC; XUQtEt; W£ rnv 006 BEvLt:,EAou Vardar Kapisi Cadessi, OT]AaOrl AEWcp6Qot; TT]C; IT UA T]C; rou BaQ6aQLou, OUYXEVtQ(JJVE H£ nEQL006TEQEt; 'lJnT]QEOLEe; XaL AELtalJQyLEt; YLa tou; ta'i;LcLWtEC; rtou emoxsrrtovrcv 'CY] 8woaAovLxy]. Kovto OTrJV rrAatELa rltaV XTLOIlEVO TO TQLWQOCPO I;EvoooXELo Grand Hotel, !-lE 38 6())~una, XaL «no tT]V x6.'C(JJ !-lEQLa TY]£ Evvrrttr«; TO J;Evoooxdo GW(JaAovixr]. Ta nEQLOo6uQn OLXrl~CXW JtEQL'i; ty]C; JtAatEi.ac;, AaYxEt; aYOQEt;, xcxcpEvda XaL E~OQLX6. X(tTaOT1lIlCLTa xaTEOa<pLOTy]xav ~Eta rnv JtUQxaYLa XaL iJE to YEO rroAfOoo~LX6 OXEoLo XtLotT]XaV Mo ACX'LXU oiveuc, Eva L1CXALX6 0XOAELO XaL ~EtanoAqux6. axaQE£ EQyntLXEC; nOA"uxaToLxLEt; yLa ~E1CXvaoTEC;. TYJv nUALu XtLQLaxrl XALI-WXa trJt; nEQwXrlC; oLatY]Qouv ~E TTl OT]~EQLVrl [lLt:,EQ~a TTlt; W w6YHa xorcotriuurc EtOL~WV Ev6U[lUTWV OTT] OUTlXrl JtAEUQa trJt; nAatdw; an' ortou aQxL1;EL Y] 066C; MovoOt'l1Q(01).

96

nLn:l0:. oto OiL VE~6: U6:v6Ieo'lo' U1:~'K"W~, XWJ~&vt]1 TO 1934 ue ~&J.t" Kt vo 'wuj3.lo: ,6Q'I1 ~ 1'1 1] HU;I.. ~ nil {lo.Utt.. LXll O'X:o/dJ «Alessan dro Mfln:wnh, axEf:l! .. qo~ev'lil·o;,oo IL1I:aAOv.; O:QXt.tm.t'[O'I/[£;. !TIJV n«A,L~ xTj OX,OA 1'] rou IDo.(!5crQl']1 bwaf;r 0 rt:E~OYQ(1{pO~ z· fMliO~ EHPAO'U- 8O:£; .• cpOL1!ijO:E'; 0 YQa({lLcl1ra.:; "11£ «.o,~(ty{J)\f[01J)9 KOQol..or;_ T(J~stK,. I..2HcrUQynar ol'Qa,'[O(hx~Jo otov EIUfI)'A.W xo.~ (lila XQ6v ~a nIt; xowrur;, OLE-raOr 1:111\' o.oqlal~!"o' 6n:ou ~na OT(VQ: XQa'[-r]~QI~a !At fifo lOU~ o:,~EQ Lll V01.1'I; !3a!J..titvllt; 1;TJ~ ;rr;!.cfJ;~l.a~ g',(l.(jI,dCl'l1lxo:v xa~ BuOCtVLCl'TllX(lV 1(;OAU)IL qJOl TIJl!e.-:;;fou (tV!: uS LKto:.l!'OQ6X,oW' ayWI;,.f():.. 0 '(l;m;01trO~ xaQa')(l~Qa~ 111]<; J(A,a~l;:e.Wt; OJt613O:-A( o:;rr;o to X(I)Qo 1Cllr; eva ')('dQ'~o rtou atv EIL'Xt axtO"tl ,.u: .iftOQvtLo: xo:t. O;W(JVW1;lftQ~ct. JOO.. QO: TIl\' J(OOO~Ci:&£Lo; 'V(( f:J~]lY LCl:ved 'Il ;rnflQLoXll (11"0 t.W(loot6jl,;E~O X(U !l£ royo:).lt.UOj\.,i(lHJ;,LO Jean Baptiste de la Salle, EWt o~'J.tObq~~Xi6 1'&'il:Qciymvo vo'tWte.Qu, s,~l[W Ol'ONfiooQO;Uii; X~. &mm OT!yOtRQC1, ',!G t'11 !.1Het.qlQQ(t lOU OXOAllkl1!l' «&tAD.crco..}) 01:0 Pntbt~.crtE"'r'b.OllIl~ xo:v f:.lTt nOAMl XQCtvw: ci "t~xvlXes. oxoM~ .6.1'1I!O'tGQtT'Ot;.

n n:ACltE~(1 BaoMcm qJl'] ~(.o'Ulx;ew~ ~QOJI~lt6~ r6;r;r;oG, ~wh'6Qct ow XQ<6-VUl 1L01J mJdn;ou :rtCl.'(KOOIACOl) n:oU~()U l{llero,;;; met :f[OQ~ VIlILa l«l~ l(l naQ:l~ 0'«'\I10.V En'l1V~&~. Ej3Qalf£;, fa/J.L81;.b. I:®Qi3(,_ ®t;£:, no.Mmr~, X<_ll hai\('c~~ sLQA;lxalat,cfv to1.J; ~tv~ Cffi2a:[!,drc££ :rno'lJ' b:pEla:'!Jctv (11;'(( !-W'f6:rt'~(leev cero HI, ,"aon::W~EVO: {1.1U\;rtQ~O; 1CF!!J Ma.xoonVLKOU Mu:ti:m:ou. To: Xo:q;;{OOVHJ:Y:J;Tf; n;fQlio:,,Q1~ lI'UX(tyw~ yOUCfQ:V (UJ;1,.0'lJ.;; otQ{m.on~ !IE st\'~a:Q"!; ~(ll'&; 1[Q1) lQo:yooom". oev tOv ayy),.tuOeElvLKO (ll.\YO God,~{j;ve tile KingXt'tL 10 MbdeJan. a ~ ~tro!1.o:u~ot tn~ (1't:Qu nc~;;; 'HI ~ Avcn:o!.l'J~ xm dq>Eluyo:v crtU (JQ!.;CJTOXQo:.nx6:; 1t(1~~ 'l>CCU l>(!Cl:qW; Q'(l'l,I'J;Q.v TIl';;; :m::~td{t~ EXf:UElf;Q~. tOU (nm,Qoi3'QOIJ~~OU(J1;afJlW1J,. lOU Mn:tfXl;"CI"L val) ~t. tT],';; JT,QQa~ lL(J~, 'I1Q,ew~ n xO\Xoqnnt;n l..D.tKiJ :n)"O:1Ctto: o.:n:o.iIO'l)oto:.~l(,((Eh~v 'J«:tl roue; V1r<irtlD1)~ ~f!.'yaAoo:atOUC;;. H nJ"1lI8d]Qo' '((i)'\i' obcW'V avoxrp; XCl:~ tWV maisons prtvees ,l1t<tg<1 1;11 ~{'\I'OtrOtr.. lIOQ-E' to: artiO t"J,£l W~ '!.n~~.~£ :1t~;"O:f~to;; .• mlg(Il£.L'vt ML (F'~O ),!OOVLct. rou l11~aoJtoAt!1D". o:.q;.ou. omm£ xcttO:YQaQlOVl"O:I~ q~ f1t:l.arJ~Q!l;li; o~you~ 1i'TJt; €lt{HJo.~ wvL1tll1~, ono '[01K.; (I'O:Qa\'tttEJl:L~ ob'.oo; nou UJliTIQXcrV(J"t'f]'V :rOOI..TJ 01'''''; OQXtl; trw;; OO"ll.ieJE11Lo:r;; tou tQt.O.'V1'U, t"!;~ tQLl'l1C;; Ufu '[gvlV1t"tt teto:(I1::rr; xaTl'iyog(.w; l3Q{cnmVlO:V crt"!]v oll6 ElQilrv'll~ iKU ytVUID1!"E';GO'. crtl']'V JiC€~lQXiJ 1"Oll BaQ56:Ql1l ..

'1!""!!!!!I!~. ~

mil~'W: ·Ev~ ;ru).il "Jl~~1l:)L llf~;" 1iQ6~~ oro 13(!~L. ~ 9 ~ O. [AV~[o nt'tl(lj.,j_E.IlICl} K!i.'WJ; llQ&J.I'Oo; eto .l3I]QbiJ~, ~9 ~6·1.8. (AtW~O Kle~

i:.~ &i:;lt'l ~fJ..Laa~ Th: mW;~111(}ijr&v~\!iIJ.Ofu!l1l(~1I fftMifll (flO BLrQfi~L, ~ 9 J.o- HI. (A~io n(lv~)

A,!(:w:lptloJl\'i}\I'l:~U; m ~U~tl>!)XaIJi.i:J.lijt~VIl nOOLC( ~ill. n~ KaU.iWO:~~f~ f~~ ~-MO~ (FlO EiluLQOO:(l'L. I'm:

IS. (i\(1:lif[o[] 1](l"otl!al~Cl)~

@LAlo'6m~ nil' l'.ili).i\.o ~I~ (In. Bil@~ l. 1'91,6" lIt (i\~Xt[(~ n(lV~I1lj[)

!V~).j}j([l1i!~hH!l!DWEQ;!.tMQ~- 1.9 Ui·~ 8. (A!(!XElo Ilo:~o~m)

n{C~i'OO\I"l~ .~ l~Ii1~~ oro BccQM.Q1.- I!H6·18. {Ai~.e~n~~

nOl()~ rrQil>Il~twl neQ~~(J6n(loll; ~l:t'I'~\r)TU!1{1 IJ'IO il(~QM~, ~9l(d8, lAQXHo 11(1t~i6t1flPal

nOI.4;l~ d\\lM 0 mo !n'1;lLl{loxtoll;; In V~LII{j,ll~"[f) (1110 !k!Q6«~. 191 6-!&. l(flI.~[Q n~vOl,itII.ml

~T1'J ~~L& ctt~[~rr

IIa\\lIl: ell &)w1,~Lt~ rp;lij\"ltffiuv, III :TfMi.~ 'TfQL~u\'o'{]t"" nT.o !l[C~l~~. 191 c-18. (AQ!Xlllv Hm • ..otitlj.l!l) Ktct(1l: !f OQDfI.(l rutllkli(iM~, J«]V,!(1 fjlI(IV (d."·nrt(J)-Qoll~Dlm!~ m(ll~~ t~~;rt~!!oX~;' (AQ""UJkJ KIG!)

nd1;'i)j:7illo4m m;]OS ll1V TI111 .. nttAQL~ to 1lI.'t~ K(lmoortl]-~ IfllQlO TIl!; XANa (I ra-4J-MoTe~a 0 . ' lllti\'{!~L~ 1nl)); /l.y(as lfJooIEn'lj; wtu m t'(l!«m.m6:1;l~L~ WlJ r :t,:E, FI H(lQtll}OO'l@. ·m;':~j!l.irBlf;(~ OILS 2c5, 192.9" {AtlXf[() lUI-)

K«t:lI~: To ?,£l~l tIl~ AldMru~ 'E~.bl!; Glwcro:1..Q\lbo.1iY:l, 1i1;l1921. (AWLo A.IU

'fIihllu: ,\;,t) TIl ilIDJiLDH!La non OO'(!lWOOE ~ 'E.\'!I).lml I~\lm)'wv .MIDo:EOOvL%-~. lQIQ2'!1- i[!\uI'm"(O!Uflt£; 1'!101_\I1»t.Il'I' rt& m:QLO)1I;. [~[Q KM3)

Kgtt(l; H ~M~ 1~~[r.~L:t 1i()1l ~ 929 Ell\i'Jl ImOomltt~' ~lf fill !U:.1% EIHEMf),

:i:TIl &~Lt! ad.r[&J;: ~m J\:EII't..o []ilQyo (Ill] Otv.ua[u wt' I~:m (~l'Il X~ ,ZU(flriQIl)

~--- --~-----~ -- -

rla\'Q)c K~~ OTfI"NOO KQ,iL\'I] OHI bBo:I'W!i.n 1[0\1 1930.. ~Q'J\' ll:J.IlI~ '~~f!q1iu_lW'fI <l:Mlil)!;\ilt"iim<.. ~I1m ll~- ~LoAJiI-)

~'ttf'>'~QlJJt"VI'I {ldu;a

film'\!); !Wl.JJ!ti ~iJ iiID) Z~~l)"'EiO"I' ~'"j"!;IOI.m"!~Q6~ rr~ A!gn{ltre; ~o 19';l,~, (t"IHw A,[[_)

!1o i'lvrcogo: nffi~ OOI~ ::<oQtmIT1 ~ TO (f,W\'Oy~. {J!lQ}';U,Q A.n.b

'[inoo: ... 'E4tt~1;Iu: (JfI'f:I' ~I,ltl m'(j.!'.hEzrIlLVrDIl\ 8 ¢'k~~ i9Ji1h. ~AiQ\l';do All.)

n4V!'.,O: ~ ~~iJ.~ ~~ fil !o\J. et;ooa';w..,(){t]. till 8.!i,19r:lb_ (A'IlXl'~ A.ll.)

~TQ jI,;~\I"lQCI: M!l:4V~fl 11t'11 Nt« K01\VI] 10 [935. [AQX£i{]A"n.)

l«('ittJJ: ftl~~!lUil!'1:Itl~ llQOJWkqLtl!:Jl. IrIO ewj;!il'Cl!.ii. (A@"ffioA.r.l·)

~wr ~:m~~'l'T1 (lekt&J;MIl{1Om:~ 011I'l'e;k1Q1l 'Ii~U A~.m)"6 ni.\m'O'~ ru ~9J.5, OMj.clll\ N{!. Zc(~~i{lfI)

tddt;. a:1['I;~v61!f:\1TJ 'J«n,Q_ 11'1"~ TIl~ '~Sru-[:I;:Q ~K'llS Jl[lEUQOO; mrv U:L~ ~OO'V m'd!i~(I 'OT1J1 aoQEI~a :n:).e:1iJQ(l1llr~. onou ~ ~()'1'H.Q,ro'V 00;, TO [930 TO '1WJj:J£VEto rou Mw..i" IJ.Jlt'rj1 j,«J~ m'iI),ElQCl1U) :nOQVOOLve¢ llw'V. :MCAl, T.llIV 006 Al'~Qi1J li.,T]~'Il·6iQ'~ou, OlW1I.l n-TOl;V jtu.ollkvor; 0 t€"J.t~ fw,V ILU01J,'KI.O:n:nlV 11t0t!croulli1<C\'U)V b£Q~'Lotiloo:v Mtl}l<.tl3l, t~O(! ~m l1 JT4t~o. Ml'O,!"UJOLa TOll' C1IQOI.u:m M~~""~~'LX(lVE.

«ITl1cv066 E(Q~W19;, YO !pe~ 'Q HNLIlC; Dnijoroou).a;. <t}j,nl1,nJQ~ 1r'OOUlll' W'S TO "52 000 p:~o: i5wlQoqJa ~mOCVI'tla. trOll "fet .X(iJ()~~£ .tl~ O'n;:w (t(Jyal;.' onlY 000 Aayxa&i) ... fJmoO:Q ..,;rraqd l'"~~ E.WlEl(}i£,; ~ov- Cin ~)loxClT61atla (J£ Jr.owv i"iffl:o ol~ov o:mxq;o:'v,*xo:1' m #-moQ"iiitla I1Vfd'. :Etl1J:€{>a" 0'1'f011 J'fiva(1av rOtana' Jt"Q6vw.IJoo"."e 1'"q'vf.'nl.bJtI)Q'f~JT~ m oiJt:(lI! Ill'OXq;- 'in,,- ooocP E~· crlv~ EiXa:\f m fWllQio;!law 1::W'l! It.IroOvrt.'Lwll,LOTtlm--Ww.ov .. Beet at n:dQw, ~llO'lf dxav '1IOLxwollfva 6(o"wna" av xat .;rrao-GU.itn.to' tmljex£ 6te-iI.,IB6v:l:Q~a .. En:-tmg eM n:Qg'vt:s: 'l11:G" ooou Ej,Q'ljv~ f:ixav ;.:tt-yaAf; Elw6€Ois",. d,fl' ~tO(JJ .trow~ ~"rO (II ~6~OX'f~1'ij~ rooy "urOf,:n,lTtA{.Qv r~!) o&!-v E~."rtv~6' ... »

ITIl'Vob6 . l.Q~t; ~'L0'X6iavt-O ~!UYw;t ;:-(1) X Ql'jm;Qul1mciJb6- ilIQ u:lou ~I K~Q)'tuCiO. aJiI:' crrou ~BQn.oo.v 6h.o~, m 'f;'Wo:TOL QE~"I'lltl!~ Tll~ kl:lfl"~' !iUa. to HI')5 Wi;. to d)"ot;, tiji; KnToxili;;. To 194~ .0 K£I1i't!i.J(la~ ".h!1(. 0 l1X'~ov{};; y1bo;, TOU .. l.mgy«K1I1r;. lIi01I.l' tJulltl;E ~llWU~O'liYJI.I." i(:aYJ.lu.y.(loi1fiO.li:n!~ ~(lIL OIL I)\)0 O'ro: o.YIlO,UQ roe B1tX,OU. ~Qtifhpl'.f~V 6olo(jllovn[l.lEV(n t~O.) a:n:6 to ~il't'a1;~ iOUS OJif,O t v; Q~al:u::s TOU {uajJml1o'U Alt),xollJ'10 DE ;Exo:MQLOIl,O. imOX1["WV OUV('lA.A.Cl.y6Yv. 0 Kflll'1l!.Q<l~. run ~x.o; :EJmQOmii'3iO; roo tlooXrou,IWO'IlJ "OU o-u:l{'I'Q:!;£ ~crlL ouv·crllaoa&ull" 010 BQ;_QSo,Ql, ;J"[,OJQ01 L E.l.X'.E· iIDlOOLKrJITtel. '{W !Jovo 'H!cn ;\;(leQ®~LfliOQI.Cl, ~Q'l;liJcK6f,o;V~";WI 0Jr"ti6 to J'E"\I1\t Ko'UlE, !lID 'Km "IW. '1>0 :JtO:Yl;[( -raltu'M.iI'j 1!:'l1S £,-q;oXl1~ 'l:ETO to ~ TunaL tl'lrav T.O «11,01:1, KCH 1:0 eutt» T.11; am;uvoI-IIL~ Xi(l:IL tOU :rro.Q41'li!OU- 1:0"0;.1:10 Ilo.yal;t ToOU K_iliQ')'lJQC( tru:a~ilV 6~m o'X,£b6:v oi (J1!iJ1\'9tw; '''(In ~.o'ut.oU~lb'eJ;, "[o'Ul{lCWU)fJOD QEIJK£1t:~XO\l, B(IKI"LAI1')S Ton-mlvn~. Maqxm; BIli'iPU1U1Q\11~. flwQYOC;; MroQtll~ •. ~t"IJCtt'Ot; Ilo.YILO~lA- tt.iJ~. Awo1tllr-t;;, Ad.tl6.::;;. A1l1!.t1lJ,l'O'rtl; rx6yx.oc; n M'n:nYlilvtEQW;. I1£:(;}.,lio;j, .KEQoJ,l,l.n;ll;. rmVVT]1; HwtO·L(OO:V·VOll. ru:j)Q'Yo~ Mo;'vT!O'uA1l1~, Etf.~kai(ll~ IIfOn:I>V~((6n; •. An:6ol0},,0r:;; Xo:t?;I1'JX)Q~CIlO>; itCU O';.1o~,

98

«2:Tf/ f9waaAovixf/ OovA£1.jJaw Tf/V xodnn rpo(!<i aTTfV 000 EigrjVf/s», ElUI-lC1.taL 0 [ulvvT]£ TIo.rro:COJavvou, «nov ntav ta fJJWV(?beAa X(U m TEroW. IIoAv ayg£Oe; xoouo; EQxomv a' aVTO to uaya~i, YWTi rlmv xovra m f.lJrOVQMAa xai oAa ra aAAa (.layat;£a, nov (.la~EVovrovaav xa8E Aoyne; av(Jgwnol. K a(3ya&e; X(x8E j3(!aou xa: TEroW. 0 K EQXVQae; rlrav aYQto(.layxar;. METa mjyaw oro (.laya~i rov Kcapavuun; nov Jjmv Aiyo rao ndvw. AAAOr; aV()Qwnor; ° Evar;, aHor; 0 aHor;. K£ Ey£vE uux naQE~JjYf/Of/ EXEL Eva (3Qabv nov xat: xoircocqkisaa TTJr; oeooasovixn; f}Q8avE xat xaAaoaVE TO (.laya~r. 'BraVE (3aA tot eixave TOU; ano TOV KEQXVQa ... »

}.;TT] ywvLo. Tll£ OOOD E~Qi)vllC; I-t£ tT]V JtA.aTdo. Bo.QMQll ntov ro xo.qJEvELo tau Mo.Hx Mn£T] nou OL(ttl]QijElllx£ 00;; to 1930, cvcroALtLXO Xa<PEVELO I-lE vaQy~A.£OE£, I-lEYO:AOU£ xa8QEqJtEr; XaL OEQflO:HVOUC; xo.vaJtEoE£ ortou oi 8al-l<lN££ EI-lEVaV OJ;; to nQOJL. aQxEL vu xa80:QLl;av to I-lo.yo.l;t y~a roix JtQOJLVODe; JtEA.O:n:;;. 0 MaHx nrov aQXLvta~aTl;i)r;, LO~OXtntll£ rroHwv nOQVELWV tYJ;; MnO:Qo.£ XaL tYJ£ OOOD ELQi)Vlle; XaL oro xo.<{J£vdo ron XaL cro YUQOJ l-lo.yo.l;LO: oDxval;av CJOJflatEI-l:n:oQOL. nQoOtO:tE£, o.yaJtYjtLxoL, A.a8QEI-lJtoQOL, nQ0I-lTlElEUtEr; rcov noovetorv, 1-l00YXEe;, XaoWEI-l:JlOQOL, yuvmxOJwL, YUQoMyo~. :n:a:n:atl;i)OEr;. Vtai)OE£, 6A.0£ 0 JtQonOAEl-tLX6r; x6CJf!0£ tl]e; vUXTm;.

AJt' OA.OUe; roue vtaijOEr; Tne; nEQLoxi);; OTT]V romxn naQ6.ooo11 'tau VTa·CA.LXL01J EI-lELVE 0 AA.xi)C; IIEwaC;, ayvwoTwV AO~JtWV OTOLXdOJv, nou OOA.o<{JOVi)ElYJXE ceto o.vn:n:aAouc; JtQoaYOJyour;. To. o.QXELa TYJe; aocpuAfLa£ naQo.l-lEVOUV aX0I-lTl XAEWtU i) xo:nxo.v TO 1989I-lo.l;L!-lE LOUe; cpaXEAOUe; TOJV o.QLOtEQWV XaL o.VtLOWOLaXWv crto TYJV XU~EQVYJOll Tl;awnO:Xll OTl1v UtjJLXO:!-lLVO Tlle; «I~OEV6Q» T1]e; ILvl5ou. rQo:cpfL 0 fLwQYo;; Ital-l:Jl0uAi)e;:

«H xnoeia TOV AAX1], EY£ VE OE OWA Maipiac, nOAVTfA£OmT'f/ (aVVEWErpEQav OAEr; Ot n6QVEr; tn; MnaQar;), xat itioo: ano TTJV lJrJT1]AaT'f/ VEUQorpOQa aUOAOV()OVOE OAoe; 0 uitoxoouoc. To xooitoi rov, uux ano nr; WQ(UOTEQer; nOQVEe; TTle; ooov EtQf}v'f/e;, axoAov80vOE neoxatdrvtos, VTV(.l£Vf/ om aostoa, ue AovAotuw AEuovuu; oro xECpaAl, xai O1Jvo&voravano virvatxei; vtuuevei; Xl aVTEr; Me aoxoa ... »

99

~LaB6YJTOe; I-l:rt:QclBo;, Aa8QEI-lJWQOe; XaL ayanllTLx6r; TOll unox60I-l<)U am XQ6vw Tlle; nQoocpUYLo:r;, a orcotcc clCjlYJOE TO ovouo tOU OtYJV 1tEQLOXi). UJtllQsE XaL 0 KmpaVtclQYje;. nou OLatllQOUO£ xU<{JEvdo O1:YJV aQxi) tYJe; oooo AYLOU ~l1l-l1]TQLou, ore XclOTQa, xovrc OtOV LEQO XWQo TOU TEXE TOJV MEBA.Ej)l)Owv, OJt01J OTCl r)u~avrrvc XQOVLCI, UJt1'!QXE TO 1-l0Vo.o'ti)QL 111e; AYLae; MCltQwvae;.

L111V clA.A.T1 nA.cuou tOU ~lJl;avTLVou n,LXOUe;, crto 111V nAatt:Lu wr; TOU Ko.<{JaVTaQTI, arrM)VETm 11 LEQn ~WVll 'LOU BaooaQ1] ~E TYJ j3ul;avTLvi) EXXAnoto. XaL roue aQXaLoue; vaolJ£ I-lE -w; oQy~a.OTLX£e; AClTQt:LE£ xaL LOU; f..lUYjI-lEVOUr; to» EQWTU XaL rou 8avcltaU, JtOU anOxaA-IJqJElYjxav otu; Exoxacp££ TOJV OLX000I-lLXO)V E1fI-lEA.Lwv. H ExxA.l1ota TWV AYLWV AnOOTOA(J)V ~E u; 'ljJllCjlLO(!YtEe; JtaQaOTaOELe; TOU QEClALOf..lOU xaL TOll n6.8our;, rtou CPLA.OtExv1]oav I-lUTOTOQEe; ana rnv KOJvotavt~volJJtOAll, ue XOQllYO TOV OLXOUI-lEVLXO rtcLQL6.QXTl NLcpOJva, svenvee beor; 0' 600ue; n£QLcp£QOVTClV TO BQ6.ou am nUQaBuQoclQLa. TOU-w6.0E£ xru 01-l0CjlUMCPLA.OL o:va~uv ouxv6. xEQL, XaL tn MEyaAll BOol-l6.0a tn xOQLTOLa Tne; ooou ELQijvllr; EXA.EL vrrv ta OJtLTL(1 xru naQuxoAou8ououv ue xaTavu~YJ Tal5wo£xo EuaYYEALa XaL TYJV nEQ~CjloQa TOU EmTaqJLOu. rtou EsaY(cl.~E TOV JtEQLS AEL'ljJ6cpWTO [)E~l1AO XWQo. Qr; Tl;uf..lL OL TOUQXOL OVO!-lUl;av TnV EXXA.lloLa tOU «XQU01J VEQ01h, rtou ni)QE TO ovouo crro TYjV nAL vaoxncm XtotEQva n onotc o Laowl;ETm Otll B6QEW nhuQ6. LOU voou. No noreoc BQLoxETm to EQELnOJI-lEVO TIao6. XaI-lO:f..l. rc A.OUTQo. tPo{ Vt~. rtou OUVEXWr; ana TO 1530 we; TO 1981, nou EXA.ELOaV A6Y(l) TWV QYJYl-laTwoEOJV «rto TOUe; OEWI-l0Ue;, anoxo.8aocv XaL XUA.clQwoav OWI-lClta avoQwv XaL YUVaLXWV orto tu; A.a.'CXEe; ouvOLxLEr; XaL TWV JtoQV(Jw TOU BaQOclQTI.

H BOQELOaVaTOA.txi) :rt:£QLOXi) Tne; ITA.o.tdae; Bo.QMQn am EAA.llV LOTLXcl XaL QCOl-lu'Cxo: XQ6vLa anoTEAouOE to LEQO XtvTQO T1]£ rtoAll£ I-lE TOUr; vaoue; TOJV myunTLwv 8EWV xm TO I-lEYo.A.O va6 TOU ~LOvUOOU TCHI oaotou 8f1-lEA.La XaL aQXLLExTOVLXO: !-tEAll BQEElnxav oru; ExoxaCjlEr; TOJV ° LXOJtEOWV xaL oXEJtclOTllxav oto JtOAfO00f..lL- xu TETQaYOJva. L'ta LEQcl TOJV SECOY, LOU LclQarrl1, tTl£ 'IOLoae; xaL TOll Avoll[3110LumoElllxav, I-lETaCjlfQI-lEVU 01:0 uooosto Tlle; Jt6A1]e;, ayaA.!-lma, ELOWALa TYJ£ AcpQooL tYj;, CPTEQOJtOL E:QWTE£ XaL EQWtLOEL;, Evac; BWf..lOe; acpLEQWI-lEVO; OTllV Toioo «Oovto» xm 'to 0.[3Q6 clyaA.!lo. LOU y~ou T1]e; AQJtOXQcltT), 0 ortotot; I-lE TO 60:XTuM Tall

100

OTa TQu.:pEQa XELAl] unaYOQEUEL m OLwm) YLa TOUe; IJ.,Ul]IJ.,EVOUe; TOU OLaXQOVLX01J 8Ql]OXEU [LXOU XaL EQuHLXOU XWQOU.

Arto TO XEVTQO Tl]e; nOAl]e; l] OTaowx1) ELOOOOe; OiO XALlJ.,a Tl]e; nAaTdae; BaQMQ11 ytV£TaL oao rnv EYVaTLa 006, IJ.,ava-oQOlJ.,oe; i1]e; nOA l]e;. II UA 11 OTOV nQ08aAalJ.,O il]e; nAaT£tae; rWQalJ.,fvEL ana tu Bu~avnva axolJ.,11 XQovLa l] owomUQW011 Evvo.u« - BEVL~EAm), oaou BQLOX£TaL TO IJ.,OUxALaOIJ.,EVO Xa[,l~a Mnen Tsa[,lL, TOll onOL01l OL TQ01)AOL OWXOO[,l11IJ.,EVOL fJ,.E [,lnAE XaL XQuoa aOTEQLa ELoav baxQuBQEXTEe; TaLVLEe; XaL OXA11Qa rtoovo we; XLVl][,laiOYQaepoe; AAuo:~aQ, OTa w:wnOAE[,lLXa XQOVLU we; TLe; aQXEe; T11C; OEXClETL(1.I; TOU '80. H nUQaoooYJ T1]e; OX£JIaoTi)e; ayoQae;, ue fiA11vLxa xm Ej3Qa'Cxu xntootnurrr« OTO OXOVLCJ[,lEVO <l>aQcl1J bQo[,lo T11e; TOUQXOXQC:(1LW;, OUVEXLSEL we; TLe; IJ.,EQt<; [,lUC; us EnuQXLwne;, uYQ6w;, blEQXO[lEVOUe; TWV AU'(XWV OUVOLXLWV, kEQj3oue; XaL kxomavOue;, rtou uy6Qa~Clv rrLnEQL, XQUOO, xa.:pE Of XOXXOue; XaL a8A11TLXEe; .:poQWe; XaL 1WnOUTOLCI., nQLv ano TO 8aVaTO TO TLTO XaL trrv aL[,lO:TllQiloLaA 1)011 Tl]C; fLouyxooAaJ3lo:e;. T« Au'Cxa XCXTaOTi)[,laTU XaL TLe; yEL TOVLXEC; O:YOQEe; XUSEUOUV TWQU Pcoocnovt LO L, BOUAYO:QOL, Iloxrovo] XaL BOQ£LOl]neLQWTEe; 1Wt) XOqlOUVTaL OE navooxda 1YJe; EYVaTLae;.

OO[,lte; jl.nouycnoabLxwv, YUQou XaL xEjl.nCtn, I;E8wQLaOIlEVEe; nQooo'l.jJELe; AO:LXWV sEv060XElwv, WTQdo: a.:pQOOWLOAOyWV, .:pQOVTLOT1)QLU XaL YQu.:pELa TOUQWIWU, O.:pLYIlEVO: nQoowno: nou [,lnO:Lvouv OTO £OWTEQLXO TWV s£VOOOXELWV, nAuGLE XaL 6LfQXO[,lEVOl yw TU xovuvo nQuxTOQdu XaL TO OL011QOOQO[,llXO oT0:81l0, I;tVOL TOUQLOTf:e;, ELVaL at l1[,lEQr]OLOL 8U[,lWVEe; TOU [,lEyaAou oQo[,lOU, nQLv nEon 11 VUX1U ?WL Exxcvw801)V o:1J80Q[,lT)TWe; rc JTESOOQO[,lLU.

To nQOJl:OAE[lLXa AO:IlJl:Qa SEvoooXdu rtou OEXOVTUV TOUe; emj3aTce; TWV TQEvWV XaL TWV E[,lnoQwv 1l]e; j3uAxavLxi)e; fvboXtbQO:C;, TWQa souv O:Jl:OXAELOnXa ue I;EJtEO[,lEVO'Ue; TaI;L6LwTEC;, nUQayoVTCe; TOU Egconxou XUXA{ll!lUWe; xm uAA06anoue; [,lEWVaoTEe;. L'l.Exo:nEvTE SEVOOOXELU JC£QLAallj3o:vE 0 06Y]yoe; Tl]e; nOA 11C; TOU L920, MEyaA.r} BQETavw, M£vEQ{3a, AAEgavClQEw, Eilvtxov, E/JJWQLU6v, Tsu: v, Meva, Nea NiuTj, Nea Y6QuTj, llaQfJEvdJv, IPA.WQL vo:, EA{3eria, ewaaAia XaL ana nOD uvaYEQ8l]xav OTO [,lEOOnOAE[,lO, onwc; TO sEv060Xdo Bievvn. TO 1925, rtcvco ow 8£-

o 'EQwe; oxEnEL Tl]V nOAYJ '

101

[,lEALa TOU xa[,lEvou MnouQ[,laH TSUIJ.,LOU XaL TY]e; nUALOTEQne; j3u(;:,avn vi)e; EXXA l]otae; TY] e; A y (ae; K uQ Lax1)e;, [,lE OLOEQLEe;, nEQ ( T EXVEe; 8UQEe; XaL aVCtyA·\J.:pa one; ngooo'I.jJELe;, ovootvovrce; xagouf-tEV11 aVCXToAL nXl] aTIlOO.:paLQu ue EUQwnct't:xi) cpLvEToa.

METunoAE[,lLXa, orcv jl.ETUTonLOT1]XUV XaL 6wonuQ811XUV OL nQOOQWIlOL TWV taSLOLWTWV OT1]V nOAy], nOAAU SEVOOOXELCI. Tl]e; EYVCl.LLuC; OTCI. nUQuBagoaQLCI. EXAUOUV, aAACl.s,Cl.V XQ1)ouc; 1) 01JVEXLSOl)V VU OTEjlaSO\JV OLY]V nAELOVOLy]Ta EgWTLXEe; 6QaOTY]QLOTT)TEe; LOll Bag6uQY]. H BLtVVTjEQELJtWVf,TaL me; 6 LaTl]QnTfO xTLQtO, l] MEyaArj BQETaVLa on:yasEl oUYXQovo wodo, TO A{3EQW({J CPLAOI;EVEL YUVULXEe; EAEu8EgLwv n8wv, AQydJ, ALyaiov. Tiaov, MOVTEQV, Aino, Etm0QLU6v, ATAaVTis;-, AAE~avDQEW, Kaotooui, ArAa~, «yxQLsconCt XL crto OEXOHLEe; xun'txAEwW S,EvoooXda Tl]C; uQXovtuu;», XUTa LOV fLwQYo Ioxrvvou, onou Tl] VUXTCI. nCl.gu[,lEvO\lV oVOLXLa we; TO JtQWLLO QOs CPWTO TWV OWlJ.,aTLWv XaL one; OL6EQLEe; TWV [,lJtOAXOVLCOV OL EVOLxoL TOUe; oTEYvci)Vouv rrouxtuuou

XaL £OwQOUXCI..

An6 TY]V nAELaOu TWV nUQu(3uQoaQLwv I;Ev060Xdcov, rtooocoQLVO XUWq:uyLO CWTEYWV EQaoTci)V, [,lOVO TO s,Ev060Xdo Avyovaro~ OTY]V 006 EAEVl]C; 2:(-30Q(OVOlJ, OlnAu ctnv Evvcttc, rrsocos Emi)Vt)[,lCl. OTy] Aoyon:xvLu, aU[,lnTWIlUTLxi) uvucpoQa LOU Tldvou 8Ual.TY] ow nOL nuo .1 VTLua nQoaanu:

SEVOOOXEtO A llyovaro~, {wvQa ai&Qa aravQ{J)Ta, uaiavoooi xca novAui aJr6 nVQuxTw/JEVO 'l./JEvoaQyvQo,

avibvinu; YEW{JETQia rov Toixov. J:Ty/ aXOTEL vrj $vQa JrOll EXAEwa 7] {3ovAa TT/; EQlIf.JQrj~ A ({JQob{ inc, TO iura TOll gEvoCloXEiov oin oxaAa oa rpibt UL coteoa,

Tj /JEyaAT/JrvQa TT/~ ayanT/£' uaraxaiyovra; rov nT/A6, d£VeEQ(fJvovra~ Ty/V rjavXr} aaJrQTj avravyna TTj~ xaQOla; TT/V auv/Javrrj ral;Y/ TWV aaTQwv JrOV O'OV 'ClHxva n; VVXTE;.

H Jt£QLOXn KOAO[,l(3OlJ, [,lLU orcon «reo Tl]V nAaTElU BagM.QY], rtou nnQc TO ovouo TY]e; ano TOV L LUAO llaYELQu TCOV TEXVLXWV Tl]e; m011gooQof-lLxile; ygU[,lf-lile; TsLCtXO[,lO KOAO[,lJtO, 0 oaoto; EOTl]OE <JTnV xajl.ni) T01J mci)vu TO JtQWTO EUQwnu'Cx6 XarmCl.QE ot11V JtEQLOX1), 6EV OU[,lLsEL TtnOW ano TTJV uXIli) tWV nQCDtCOV 6EXaEtLciw TOU aLWVU, Ill', rn XCl.cpE OUVT6.v, TU OEatQCI., TU XU[,lnUQE XaL Ta JtU-

102

ALa ~£vo6oxELa. Ax6!J.,T)XaL 10 XaCjl£V£LO !Avow!J.,£ tOUS; !J.,£yMOUi,; xa8QECjlT(i,;, JrQOJrOA£!J.,LX6 OtEXL (!J.,JrOQWV tT)l,; £JWQXLctS XaL !J.,OUOLx6xEVTQO f£Q!J.,avwv X(:(L OOOLAOYWV OtT)V KmoxiJ, !J.,£tatgaJrT)X£ OE OUOET£go XmaOTT)!J.,a !J.,E T)A£XTQOVLxa ElOT) YLa EJragXLWtES xm TOUQLOTES;.

'Otuv nEOEL T) VUXta, 0'[0 T!J.,iJllu '[T)S; Evvrrttcc; anAWVETClL to £QWtLXO aALO'BEglOL TT)£ JtAanLa<;. <l>avTagOL !J.,£ JtOALtLXa, EQya'[E<;, O!J.,OCjlUAOCjlLAOL. vaUtLXOL, nogvEI,; Xat tgaBwTL ornvovrct ow J[E~ooQ6!J.,La, uVEBoxatEBai,vouv ow !J..J[ogvtEAa-~EvoooXdo: r) xaVOVTaL mOXOll!J.,EVOL 01' uoroooxo XaL IX. OTU o1l'tLxa nQoaOHU. OE Toa'LQaOEI,; xm aAavES. orn :LtauQOllJtoAYj. OTT) NEanOAT), rnv IIoALxvT). HS nUQucpE<; rou LELX LOl' Wi.L ro qxmaA€L!J.,!J.,EvU 0'[Qu'[6JrEOa. TLS XataAUnxE<; Una(Er; '[T); vuxta; TL<; ouo 'tEAEUtULE; OEXaztL!,<; ow JtaQu{3aQoaQLa mLOCjlQaYL~EL oQa!J.,unxa 0 NTLVOS; Xourncvonouxog: «Kat T] Evvctto; JrOU aAAo,[E !J.,EQUxAwvoTav xa8£ oouocuno !J.,£ rou; cpavtaQou£ '[T]£. avmwA urruL nooa ue ElALljJT) tL£ UQBUAE<; O£ rrooLCt XOUATO\JQlaQT]Owv.»

AMAt-.IKA

H ouvoixtc 't01) XovbgqmogLolJ Xal ton EQW1U

To A uuivi mr6'r.J!f· ei Val i}QfIlO JtOLIlO1!VTm ra CPoQTwllfva JtaQa/3w

at toxioi T7J~ vvxra~ oro XaA VT£Q{IlL T7J~ auaotiai;

N1KOI· Ai\EBHZ AZAANOfAOY Ttistis usque ad mortem

!i

II

!I

l

~ ! i

Ta Aao6.0Lxa dVaL T] !J.,ovaOL'xiJ OU':'OLxi,u tT]<; eE?OUA~vi.xT); nou avunTllx8T]XE ncvoi OTTl 8aAuooa XaL yL UUtO EAXllEL TOUe; yauTLxollS rrou rrEQLcpEQOVTaL TTl YllXTa OTa O'[QW!J.,Eva!J.,E YQaVLtE<; ooxaXLa, ~aALOJ.LtvoL oov OE xUTaOTQ{))!J.,a {3unoQLolJ, '\VuxvovmC; EgWtLXEC; !J.,Vr)!J.,ES, Ecpr)!J.,EQEe; anOAa1l0ELS; xru cpav'tuollma «rto TO naQEAElov rrou (3001lY XaL UJtEQlrrTaVtaL O'Ta Aq.taYLa.

H OUVOLXLa tOU XOV(\QE!J.,rrogLou XaL LOU EQw'[a OXT\WnLOtTlXE rtrrvco oro aVatoALX6 TIlt1!J.,a TOl) f3u~avTLVOU AL!lC1VWU. nou £LXE xaTaOX£UUOEL 0 MEyas Kwv(J'[Cl.VTLVOC; YLa v« :!TgOOOQ!J.,LOEL rc xaguf3w rtou ETOLlla[;E xata TOU QW!lutOl) aQXOVTa ALXt VLOl), ueTU ano nOAllXQOVEr; rrQOOXWOW; !J.,£ CPEQ,[E; UAES TWV nornucov, UJtOgQL'\VEL; OXOUJtLOLWV XaL TEXVT\TU !J.,Jta~w!la'[a. To AL!lUYL EXELYO!lE ml~O!lELWOELC; '[TIS Emcpuv£Lw; E1;aLtLC1; torv EmxwoEwv £(XE EXTC10T] Eva T£TgUYWVLX6 XLALO!lETQO XaL nACHOS mVTuxoOla !J..E'[QU XaL oQL~6'[av 6uTLxa ,.1,£ nstorvo AL!J.,£vo{3gC1xLova. :!TOU OTa XQOVLU TTlS aAWOTl£ TTl; 8WOUAOVLXT\£, to 150 cuovo, OL j31)[;avTLVOL tOY ov6!la~ay T~fQ{f.1JroVAO.

104

H ngoXU!-taLa TOU AL!-taVLOU rrEQLf3an6tav, urr6 TOV 70 ouovc !-tE 8uAaaoLO tELXOS rtou aQXL~E crto TO AEux6 II uQYo, tcp8av~ orov Em~Annx6 oU~Lx6 :TtlJQYo, TOV Ton XUVE, urr' orto» QLXVOVtu; OL naVn,YUQLXOL xav~v,LO~OAW)l,O(, tatQL~E ~6QELU OTn onusQLVn o~uOTaUQW~n TWV 06wv Ml)TQon6AEW£ XaL Kutovvl), UXoAOU~OU,OE rnv 000 ~CltOUVll we; rnv nACltdu Eurtootou, OUVtxL~E XClt~ IJ.11XOS,T11V 060 <PQayxwvXL tCPTUVE we; TO CPQOUQLO tau BUQOUQLOU, T)l11IJ.U 'IOU onOLOU OLaOW8l)XE o(rrAa aTO 6Lxaonx6 )lEyaQo tl)e; rr6Al)e;.

~L 0ECJO~AOVLXELS, t)lnOQOL XaL vcurixot, t(3ymvav ow AL)laVL crto t~v rrUA l) T?U «fLaA,ou» i] T11e; Ano~a8Q(1I;, T11s onOLUe; tn IJ.UQ~agLvU XCltwcpALa ~QLoxOVTm 8U!-tIJ.EVU oro xwgo oaou oX11- IJ.U~LOtl)XE ugy6TEga uno ne; nQooXwOELs l) nACltELa ElJ.nOQLOl'. 0 cvunorcro; nEQLnaT11ttls t'J OXOUIJ.EVO£ rtou rrEQva 1'11 veo 006 lloA~TEXVELOU, nQoEx~aOl) TY)e; ooou TOL)l,LOXi], acpi]vovwe; oEl;La TO Xa~T?O XCtL TO OWi;OIJ.EVO (3ui;avTLv6 :n:UQYO TOU, nQEnEL va CPUVTUorsi OlL ngoXwgEL :n:avw OTT] 8aAaooa, acpou t« U:n:OAELIJ.)la'm TOU f3~i;avTLvou CPQOUQLOU nrov T)lrj)l,a T11t; 8aAciooLac; 0XUQwanC; Tne; nOAl)£.

~EOLOgLOlJ.,t:O OE EXmOT] crto TLs EJtLXWOELe;, aAAa i;wvtav6 oxou TJ O1JVavw: TO naAL6 ALlJ.aVL HIe; 0mOCtAovLX11e; XCtL 0 TouoXOC; JtEQLY)Y11Ti]e; Ef3ALa TOEAElJ.nL OTa 1668:

;<nQoarart:lJETat ano ro naQaAwxo rEiXo~ Xat asso nfAwQwu~ JfVQYou~ ato Dunx6 ~aL avawALx6 aXQO, nov eivai EC{!o&aa/1t- VOL /1E naf,tnOAAa ieoaoua rr,A£(3oAa EWL/1a va f3riAOUV xara rcav EX~QLXdJV orOAWv rwv anioimv nov DEv Eixav tnv rVXl} va nAl}oiaoovv.

»M~aa aw £~QVxwQO ALf,taVL Tl}~ ewaaAoyixw; XOJQovv exarovr~De~ yaA~OVta, xaQaf3f~E;;, yaA£OTE~, EJn(Janxa, xaTEQya, ~aOVYE~ xai aUa xaQrij3w, EX£L xaAo aQa'?,o(3OAL xai /1riAwm OTa~ 'faxaQ,aj3w Qi~ovy u~ aYXvQE?, ei Vat xaAa aospasunuiva. Ano, ta xaQa~w '?,£xvvovrat oto AL/1avl xai ueoa otnv n6Ar, YQatpixotaco nA1JeOr; vavnxwv xai eunooeov axo TI] MavQ1J eaAaa- 0C:' ano Tf/V AanQr} (ALyato), aito TOV n£QOLXO K6Ano, an6 TI]V AlyvnTo, xn EVQia, TO AAyeQt, T1JV TQt:rr:OAT), tn Tevoua, FaUta, Ilootovakio; AyyAia, OUavDia, L1av{a xai aUEr; X(VQf;;.»

o 'EQwe; OXEnEL trrv rr6All

105

~to }lrraSWIJ.EVO f3ui;avnv6 ALlJ.avL, orto rc IJ.Eaa TOU 150u aLWvo., avaJt1:ux8nxav, A6yw XaL T11e; YELtv(aolle; us TO YEO ALlJ.avL, ElJ.,nogLxEC; oQaOtllQL6t11tEe;, nQ6XELQa }layai;La IJ.E EO(l>6L!lU crtoixLuxa XCtL dOll rtou EQXOVtaL coto TO MLoLQL, to ALlJ.aVLa tne; ALvurrtou, YL' auto dnuv ExdVll rnv rrEQLOXtl TOU XOVOQElJ.rrOQLou Mioio Toaooiwu. AaDaDLxa IJ.,Eta t11V anEAEu8EQWOl) tlle; rr6AY)e;, naQ6n Y) aVaOLvOIJ.EVY) w£ OlllJ.EQa wYXLAa tWV naALwv lJ.ayaSLwv IJ.E AaOLa X(H EALEe; coto tll Atof3o, W B6Ao, rnv Aurpioou XUL mv KaAalJ.ctTa nQoooL6QLi;E nurourrrn to ovouo tne; OUVOLxLae;. OL Jt£QLOOOTEQOL ElJ.nOQOL nou i]1;EQav (m6 ALJ.,tavLoLo E)l,nOQLO nrov Ef)QaLOL ~EcpaQM, rton £yxutaota8nxuv qJUyaoE£ uno tnv AQaYOVLa XUL tnv Kaoti.nlllJ.Eta 10 1492 ern 0woaAovi.xll. Exst xovtc PCJ))laVLWt£C; Ef3gaLoL «no Ta aQxuLa aX0lJ.ll xgovLa, Ot11 oUIJ.[30Ai] TWV o(6)l,wV KUAun08axll XUL Al))l008tvoue;, LOQ1JOaV rnv rrQwt11 E[)Qa'Cxtl ouvaywytl, tnv ETC; Axa'CJ.,t, Jtou8a rtet MvtQo tlle; Z(J)i]e;, (1X01JIJ,JttO"tEYll orn 8aAaooa we; TO 1866 XaL (')£XO)lEVll Tll 8aAaoOLa uUQa we; TO 1917 rtou xallxE orto TlllJ.EyaAll ;rcuQxaYla.

'El;w uno TO. tdxn, 01:0 aoocono tlle; a;rc0~a8Qae;, OE OXOVWlJ.tvoix to xaAoxaLQL XUL AaonWIJ.EVOUe; to XELJ.,t<DVU oQOJ..lOUe; OXErtcouevot»; IJ.E tEVTEC;, yvWgL0IJ.U tWV aVatOALtLXWV rra~aQLwv, oQyavoJ8rp,{E to XEVtgO rou XovoQq..tnoQLou Tn£ nOAne;. ~ta XQ6- VLa tlle; tOuQxoxQmLac;, TO T}li]IJ.U orto t11V 000 Kouvt01JQLWtOU we; rn cpQayxLXT] ouvorxtn, rtou to oQL6 11'1e; i]taV II oMe; OAU}lJtLOU ALalJ.avti], XL uno rnv 'kovoc AQuYOUlJ.ll we; rnv ooo AT\J..lvOU ovojJ,ai;ovwv IauQa. Tn OT]IJ.EQLva Owi;OIJ.INa xTLQLa TWY AaoaOLxorv xUAuntouv t)ltljJ,u tOU naALOV rOLLQa, rtou XQatnOE EVLC1Lo XUL orcaeoo toy £}lJtOQLXO tau xagaxtt'JQu we; TO 1866 orov XatEoacpi,OtllXav TO. 8UAaaaw tELXn xru Qt')lOtalJ.t'J811XE 11 La!lJtQl Iln- 00" OT]IJ.EQLVn oMe; BEVLi;EAOU, nou we; OlXOVOjJ,lX6C; ai;ovue; JtEQLEAll;£, nno t11V ano[3a8Qu xm rnv rrAUTELa EAEU8EQLw; we; rnv EYVUTLU XaL roue ExatEQw8EV oQ61J.,0ue;, ne; OllIJ.UVtLXotEQEe; £}lJtOQLXEC; oQaat11QL6tlltEe; tlle; nOAl)e;. OL nOAEOOO!lLxtt; ()Lq.$oA Loue; , rtou EYLvav O'.Qy6tEQa uno tLe; oooue; ~aAaJ..lLvoe;, KouVTO\'QlWWU XCl.l Toq.uoxi], XatEotQEtj.lav TO ucpor; XaL OLEAuaav 1:T]V evornro Tl)e; ouvoixto; XaL tn at!VacpELa tllC; )lE W ALlJ.avL.

'Otuv 0 tolJQxoe; nEQLnY11Ti]e; E~ALa TOEAE}lJti. EJttOXEcpTnX£ to 1668 t11 0wOCl.AOVLXll, we; YVT\OLO£ avawAL Tl)C;, ntlYE XaL o rov ImLQa XUL XatEYQa'\jJE we; axoAou8w,£ tOY ErraLVO tl)e; ouvOLx(ae; oto OUVOALX6 EYX(DJ..lLO rtou EXCl.VE yLa tTl IJ.EyaAl) nOALtELa:

106

«Lra Miato-toaooun (AtyvJTTtaxrl ayoQa) vnaQXovv JTEVTaxooia steoinou iuxvoii«, nov EfJJfOQSUOVTm OAO ta noo i.·ona T7]~ Alyunrav. Exei unooeu; va f3QEl~ AlvaQl, xlva, C6xaQ7], QUCld, xocpe xca DtarpoQo aAAO nov ta &OXl VOUV OL TQwxoaWl xeoino» EfJ,nOQOt r7]~ ayoQa:;, DtofJfrovm:; teoaona onovei« vux va cote- 8f/XEUOVV Tf/V noauaiaa tinu;»

l:'TjV nAa.da 'no:; ayoQao:;, rtou mWVft; £LX!: TO ovouc Aovroo, (3QWXOTav OLnato T!;a[..lL non OTOV OQOCPO TOU iJTav T£[..lEVOt; xm to WOYELO vOLXLai;oTav Wt; xmaOTiJ[..lma OT01J<; E[..lnOQOU<; Tnt; ayoQat; YLa TT]V EVLOxUOn TWV L[!a[..lT]Clwv TOU ii;a[..lLOU. l:TO aVOLXTO [!EQO<; to 180 mwva YLv6Tav n OUYXEVTQWOT] TOU OTaQLOU TOU xo.[!Jtou TT]t; Moxeoovk«; nov OTEAV6Tav OTT]V Il6AT] iJ ayoQai;orev «rro E1JQwnaL01JO:; Qm6Qouo:; xm ElEOoaAovLxLOU<; 11HanQaTE<; YLa ru; nOAELt; TT]<; dUOT]O:;.

«To tiou: EXEL nOAArl xivnon», YQo.CPEL 0 TOEAE!-lnL, «vurti TO emoxextovm, xafJe (JTlYfJ,r] rry:; 7]!1EQw; xai Try:; vvXra:; Ot nurtoi fJ,OVOoVAfJ,aVOl E!1noQOt xm vairuxot. Exei nQO(JEuxovrm XL ovoyaAAtaCn Tl 'ljJVXr] TOV:;, onOAafJ,!3avovrar; TO fJiclfJ,O TOV AlfJ,OVtOU fJ,E ta Exorovr6be:; 6Ep,EVO »aoanux.»

Kovro OTT] AOV1'Oa, OLaf.t0Qcpw8TjX£ [..lETa rnv cvoixooounon TeJ.)'; i\aoo.oLxwv, rtou dXav xnet OTT]V nUQxaYLO: TOU 1856, TJ YVWOTT] nAaTELO:, rtou f.tEiO: TO 1912 niJQE TO ovouc tTj<; EAA T]VL'X'tj0:; EJtUQXLat; TT]O:; Avco MaXEoov(at;, TOU T]QWLXOU MOQLX0j30U, [!E TO f,t£YO:QO TWV ouvoeoucov (3LO[..lTjXavwv xm d;aywy£wv, ortou nOA- . AOL OE[..lVOTUCPOL OLXOV0f,tLXOL naQO:YOVTEt; TT]<; nOAT]<; an£cpEuyav YLa aQXfTa XQOVLa va ouvaAAaOOOVTaL allTOnQoownw<; us t«; UnT]Q£OLE<; rou YQacpc(ou, EJtT]QtaO[..l£VOL crto TO f,tu80 tT]t; nEQLOxiJ<;.

METa TO 1910, otov aQXLoav va AEL TOUQYouv OL nQo(3A irw; TaU VEOU ALf,to:vLOU, rc OLWQOCPCt ani, rtn, rtou oTiJ8TjxCtv f,tETO: TYJV nllQxaYLa TOU 1856, anoTEAEOCtV.O vO:UtLALO:xo X£VtQo ill<; nOAll<;, xa8w<; OL CtvaYXE<; TOll nQwwu noA£[..lou avCtj:)a8f.tLOCtv n<; vmmAlGXE<; OQCtOTT)QLOtT]TE<;. LlLWQOCPCt oJtLtLa f.tE xAaoLxLonxE<; JtQO- 06\IJEL<;, cvcueoo ant; xaQaXTTjQLOTLXE<; CPQO:YXLXE<; aJt08i)xE<; [..lE TO oxouoo tou(3Ao O1:a ydoCt rou ooooou XaL nt; anOAtlSEL<; rorv

o 'EQwt; OXEnEL rnv nOAT]

107

8UQcDV XaL rcov naQa8uQwv XaL ru; oSllx6Q1.JCPft; aTE-YEO:; cpAa[..lavOLXOU .UJWll, otevcoov EvaAAUS VallTLALCl.XE<; XaL Ef,tJtOQLXE<; EJtLXELQtlow;, LO~Wt; oru; Ooout; Aj:)£QWcp, No:uO:QXou BOTOT], <I>wxal- 0.<; XaL AsLOU, nou YELTOVfUOUV [..l£ 'to Aq..laVL XaL 'to tfAWVeLO, 'to onoto avaytQ8T]x£ TO 1910 ccto to 8woaAovLxLO f~QaLo [!T]xaVLxo EA~ MooLavo.

Ta JtfQL006tfQa Jt(1ALa onruc, nou otEyaoav YQacpeLCl.l;£vwv VaLltLALaXWV ETUlQWOV XaL 1T]<:; YCtAALXtl<; ETaLQ£La<; xO'.TaoxEullO:; TOll ALf.tO'.VLOU, otov arro[..lCl.xQuveT]XO:V eoto mv JtEQLOXtl, xo.AU~ cpElT]Xo.v orto ouorevcousve; nOQVf£ Of oQyO'.vw[!£va {<OJtLtLo.», nOAllTEAtl XaL A({LXCt, [..lE xootrotn an' 61.0'. rc ALf,tuVLa TT]<; Msooydou xat u<:; xa[..lEv£<; nCl.tQLoE£ 'tOU fAAT]VLO[!OU. Meto TT]V rruoXCl.YLO: T01) 1917 XaL rrrv O'.rroxwQT]Oll TWV S£vwv OTQaTEUf.tUTW,V, orov aQXLOf va JtaQUX[..la!;fL T] OW(36T]TT] [..lJtOUQOfAOJtOAL tsic MJtuQa, £SW coto to. ouuxa TELXT] TT]O:; E>EOOCl.AOVLXT]<;, xa~ CI.JtOoUQ8nxav 0 L Jto).. UE8vLXOL [..lOVL[..lOL nEAUTE£ TT]£ oTQana<; 'tT)<:; AvmOAno:;, avBw£ OTa Ao:oMlxa T] OUVtEXVLaX~ noovero, O~ ?LXOL O'.VOXtl£ f.tf U£ JtOAA€<:; yuvaLxE£ nou oUOTfya~ovtav OTO LbLO ontrt. TOCtTOCtOEt;, aYCl.nllTLXOL, JtQOO'tCttEe;, o:~yaAta XOQt 1'06- JtOllAU XaL xO[..l1jJEu6~fVf£ JtOUtO:VEe; yE-[..lWCtV to f.tJtoQvT£Aa tWV AaociClLxwV XaL ro ooxoxrc TT]t; nEQLoXtl<;, «vovsovovrcc to E!.lJtoQEWLa OE 'tax'tO: bWOTrl[..lma, Xa8E cpoQo. rtou OL TQaYLx£,O:; ouyxuQ1E<; xou~aAouoav xaQa~LEt; JtQOOCPVyWV OTT] E>EOOCtAOVLXll·

LTOU<; OLXOUe; avoXtl<:; TWV AaoaoLxwv ouxva~av ACt'LXCt OTQWunro, aYQoTEO:; coto rnv EVOOXWQCt tT]<; MaxEbovLa<;, OTEQTJ[..l£VOL [..lLXQOCtOtoL XaL vcunxot, [..lLa xat OL «orot oLE-BETaV JtoAU'tEAeLC; otxoix avoXtlt; oLaonO:Qtouo:; 0' OA6XAT]QO TO XEVtQO 'tT]<; nOAllt;, coto 'tYJV llAEXtQLx'i] EtCI.LQda, OTO moLo 1:OlJ AQEWO:;, W<:; TO BUQoaQn. METa TT)V aJtayoQEuoll tOU OUV£TaLQLOf.lOU XOLVWV YUVaLXcDV, oro AaoO:OLxa E[..l€LVaV [..lOVCtXLX€C; YllvO'.LXE<; OL orrOLEC; EvO'.AAao· 06[!EVEC; OE [1o.QOLE<; tl f,tOVEC; TOUe; xoorouocv 'to XOXXlVO cpavaQL OTT]V f:swBuQa TOU «orn.ttou» aVOLXTO OAO to ELXOOLttTQO:WQo.

H ~ETEf.tcplJALCtXn Jt£QL060<:; XaL 0 xmmQEY[..lOc; TWV ~UV£taLQLOf,tEVWV yUVaLXWV tOWOE to OLO'.~OT]TO ovouo oro i\aoaoLxa, f,tLa XCl.L ore [..lOVUXLXO: oW[..lO:no: nO'.gEIlEL VaV l;EJtWIl£VEC; nOQvEC; XaL 0101.10:; O'tQW~EVOU<; !J..E ygavL tEVLEC; JtAcix£<:; oQ6!J..OllO:; XCI.L OTa 0XOTELva aOLESOOU trov arro8llxwv XaL xmaOTT][..lCtTWV, JtOU £ocpu~o:v uno !;wi] 'tT] j!Ega, oouAEuav us Xa[..lllAEC; TO.QLcpEe; noove; tgLTT]<;

108

o 'EQwt; OXEJtU rnv JtOAn

109

XatnYOQLW;, OL AfyO[.tEVEt; Xo.AVtEQL[.tLtSOUOES;. Asto TO. JtOQVElo. HuV ACl.OUOLXWV, ue tn [.tHE[.tqJUA.Lo.Xtl fQWtLXi) OtEQnOy] XaL ty]V rJ0LXOAOyLo. tY]t; EJtOxi)t;, JtEQCl.OaV yLa XQOVLa qJo.vtUQOL, rporrntEt;, VEOL EQyo.S0[.tEVOL, J1:OU EXo.VaV JtoAHt; JtOQVEt; vet X(WXLW~ vtru on coxcuoov XOLVWVLXO EQYO. Orcv EXAHvav to. xcroornuo.to XOVOQE[.tJtoQLou XaL avo.f3o.v to. XOXXLva yA.O[.tJtUXLa, uovoXLxa «roue [.tE OUVW[.tOtLxi) Ef.tCpavwY] XaL OUVtQOqJLE£ VEOJV exovov taxnxft; EJtWXbjJEL£ 01'0. omrt« tY]t; nEQLOXi);, tu; yvwOtE£ j.tJtOUQoEAowaQxEt;, YLa EQOJtLXi) EJtLoi)[.tavoll XaL cpOY]vi] 1j.!uxaYWyLo.. LtCl. ont no. fXEL va E[.trpavLSovtav aQXetE£ rpOQE£ XaL Jto.TEQUOE£ [.t€ tou; ECPnf3oUI,; YLOU£ roue yLCI. vo TOUI,; oLoa~ouv TlJV aQ[.tOVLXi) EQwnx1) oQaotnQL6Ty]Ta, 6nwI,; rctotsuov, ~ET€QUVEI,; XaL E[.tJtELQEI,; yuvaLXEI,;, rtou nl,; yv<i)QLsav YLa TC!. JtQOOOVTC!. tOU£ cno nQooOJl1LXEI,; EJtLOxE1j.!n;.

aMy] JtEQLtELXLOIJ.hn JtOAn OEV E[.tELVE ana JtaAL6 OAOXAnQW[.tEVO aQXLtEXTOVLXO ODVOAO coto TTJV xatcwTQoCPLXtl JtuQxaYLa TOU 1917. IIoAAa HOL[.toQQoJta orcruc xaL £!.lJtOQLXU xataoti)[.taTa [.tETcnQctJtllxav OE oUYXQOVE; tCl.~EQVE; [.tE EJtLTOma ovounrc, Mn£XrmvaQ, Zv8o~, JauQCI., Aabat5~xa, M01JQGYW, IIaA(m, ueTCl.j.tOQrpwvovw; tnv xax6qJTJ[.tn ouvotxl« aE JtaQaooowx6'\.IJuxaYOJYLXO XEVTQO tnt; Jt6Anc;.

Ta AaoMLxa, JtQLV TJ ouvoixtc OLE!l~OALOT£i [.tE TTJ OLUVOL~TJ Tnc; OOOD KouvtOUQLWTOU TO 1930 XaL TnV mb(.tuoTJ Tnc; OOOD TaL!lLoxij a1LC; UQXEC; TTl; OEXUCTLac; TOU '60, oxucocv EQOJW{,U xm OLXovo[.tLxa, OTC1. XQ6vLC1. 1'01.1 MwoJtoAE:[.tou xm TOU E[.trpUALOU, OJC; to 1952 rtou UJtC1.YOQEUTy]XE n ooorevcon xm 0 (JUVEtuLQLO[.t6C; yuvruxcov 010 JtaQC1.000LC1.XOVC; OLXOU; C1.voxilc;· MEta trrv KutoXi) xm TOV E[.tcpUALO rc a8ALa j.tJtoQv1EAa TOJV AaoMLxWV [.tE n; I;DALVE; axaAE; EJtLOXEJtTOV1CI.L XUt' C1.JtoxAELOtLx6tnTU qJCl.vtUQOL, EQyatE;, C1.ygOTE; EJtLOXEJtTEt; TTJt; Jt6Ay]£ XaL qJtWXOL aOToL, JtOU ECPOUvov ue JtQocpuAal;W; OTTJ oLa~611tn ouvorxto;

To. tEAEutaLa XQOVLa, TO. Au6<ii::lLxa, [.tLa XO:XOqJll!!Y] YLa 6EXCl.ETLE£ JtEQLOXi], aQxLSEL va ava[3a8[.tLSETCI.L O:AAaSOVm£ XQiJOlEe;. Ta JtaALu xaWOTtl!!aTa XOVOQE[.tJtOQLOU xm EO(i'JOL[.tOJV C1.JtoLxLaxwv oru; obouC; ALYUJttOU, KaTOUVTJ, OQ~iJAou, AuxouQYou, ,:),ol;llC;, II tvoou, vuu [.tUX Lac; 'EAAll£ XaL Bctou 6 LaTllQoUV a8Lxw crro TY]V JtuQxaYLu rou 1917 XTLQLa IlE JtQooo'\.IJ£L£ cno OXOlJQoXQWIlO TOtJ~AO, [.tE l;EcpnCJ[.tEvou£ LOLXOU£ rtou [.tUQLSOUV TayxLAu an6 La Aa- 6w. XaL TU nama, eyxcnaAEL[.t[.tEVU aJt6 TOU£ TEAEutaLOu£ JtCtQO:ooowxout; e[.tJtOQOU£, [.tETat:QEJtOVTaL aLy<i my a Of !!mgaQLE£, [.tnCtQ, tC1.~EgVe£, anaSOVTa£ TOU£ JtnALOtJ£ 8n[.tcl)VEI,; [.tE coroix XaL ~Ev6cpEQTOU£. LTC!. AaoaOLxn, OJtOlll;E[.tELvav OL TEAEUTaLE£ YOLE£ rrourcve; us TO. CJuOQa oOJ[.tana, Tt£ I;UALVE£ tQLsane; OXU" AE; XaL TL£ sE8wQLCW[.tEVl'£ «fEVOBE(PE£» 01OUI,; ToLXou£, OU[.t<:pUQOVTaL Tcl)QCI. XaAVtEQL[.tlT~Ou6EC;, nOQVE£ xm TQuBEOTL, ALIJ,EVEQyaTEI,;, O(J)[.tCI.TE[.tJtOQOL XaL ayaJtTJTLXOL TWV [.tJtOQVTEAWV XaL JtUQUsEvoooXdwv TlJ£ JtEQLOXll£, [.tE XOO[.tLXOUt;, OWVOOU[.tEVOUr;, XaAALTExVE£ xm VEOU£, JtQOXaAWVtU£ T01)£ nUQaOOmo.XOUc; EVOLXOU£ maY'(EA[.tCl.TLE£ XaL emoxEJtTE£. T« AaoaoLxa Ill' TO. C1.QXLtEXTOVLxa UJtoAd[.t[.tC1.ta, JtOU OLC1.ow8TJxav XaQn OTOV xaxocpnuo W£ JtQoocpaTa [.tuBo Tn£ JtEQLOXtl£, ana xm OTO YQaqJnoxQa~ nx6 XCl.oaxTY]QLCJ[.t6 TWV XTLQLwv we; JtaQaooOLUXWV, xaQaXtnQLSOVTaL we; to WTOQLXO XEVTQO Tll£ E>eaoaAOVLXlJ£, !!La xm OTlJV

«BbdJ ora Aat5aDLxa», ygacpEL 0 E>OJ[.ta; KOQO~L VY]£, «ot stto cpr1]vte;, ot mo {JOAtX£~, Ot nio YQt£e;, oi mo aaxanaoe~ xat SVAOcpoQnv!J.ive~. Ira yovanaTa, am oQ()w. H A Qf.tfvwaa iJrav TJ teAwraia rcoQVTJ JTOV exave r1] {5OVAeLa am YQtjyoQa, nioco axoi{JU)e; ano TO stcpwro OJTOV {JAtnH TJ uux nAayw JTAevQ6 TOV {lEQfXXA(OLXOV uovteovov f1.rcaQ POXL xat Ntox, TeAevraio oxoxinua r1]~ JTeQwxiJc;. Exei nuxo, t5ircAa oe uux aLbeQta, f1.EOa ora xarQovALa YLv6rav TO otooe ora (jQ8w. MtXQL tnv aVOLSr] rov '87 T/ xoxx~ vOf1.aUa unausao, nov e[Xf ma oaAE1jJEt, exo{Jc {JOATCe; exei rQLYVQw (J.JT6 HJV rcAaTfia MOQLX6{Jov ora oreva rT/~ ot5ov OQf3iJAov xa: rT/~ obov Baiov, eAfeLvtj oxvcprtj 'T/nava nQoe; aYQav JT£Aateias; Oi {lDVoreQrji5E~ T1]C;, xan A~yovQw ano ra Booeiooutua: xovnva XWQLa iov VO{t01} uai; xm xat: XaQ{.uxvw cpavraQaxw, 6AO vl(xra T/ JTfACl.reia rT/£'. II QL v XQ6vw £loa W ta iuitui uov Evav 1jJevroJ.l,6QrT/ oovQw{t£vo xOLAaQa va Tr]V xaraxcQLasEL )WL va rT/ axvAof3QiSEL. A VT17, 600 tu; ETQO)Yf, r600 TOV J.l,LAOVOe toispeo« "vurti, YLoxa uou" rov 'Afye "be oe yAVXCl.Va; WI W JTfLQat;EL~, nmt5i f,10V, {lava oov eiucu, nrjymvE va nAaYlaone;, aiiou: fJa 'am XaA(X". H AQ{lEVWaa avrtj fsacpaviorr]xE we; bLa uaveiac; axovOTT/XC, f1.aAwra, rcw~ xanore Exmpc TO bWf,1£QLof1.a TT]£, eu; EV&L"

110

l;t v oiouaotoou»; fJrf:t6rj T1]V EXQal;av OL y£l TOVE<;" XaL yt ' aVT6 to A6yo EXaVf: unvu; OT1] otevn. Kauui qJoQa tnv ataiovei TO uat: /-tO~ xataueamieoo, staoaveoaauevt; ma XaL cototoeiauevn. va Town XaOXOYf:AWVrar; XaL f3()il;ovrar; xavav xeoaouevo natoa oro noraaTl;ioow TTJ~ ,.UXOr]; ayo()ar; BMIA1], oro xtVT()O, 6{nAa ottrv AOwroTEAOVr;.»

An6 La AaoaOLxa £XEL nEQclOEL 6AO£ OXEOOV 0 oQaonlQLO£ £QWnx&' nAl]81l01J-6e; tl]e; 8£OoaAOVLXy]£ XaL LOLClLtEQa tlle; nQwT6- ~yaA ty]£ VfOAa(ae;, XaL 0 OLUXLVOlJIJ,EVOe; cao TO ALIJ-UVL Tl]e; MnXE- 6ov(,ae; EAATlVLO!J,6e;. 8EOoaAOVLXL€e;. LIJ-UQVlEe;. IIoALnooEe;, IIaTQLVEt;. BoAuJ:mOOEt;. EBgaLEe;, AQIJ-£vwaE£. VWVLXCt vauaYLa T(!)V XalJ-€V(!)V naTQLOWV, XOQLtoLU uno ALIJ-UVLCI. tne; Msoovetou XaL n6AELe; Tne; BaAXaVLXYp;, XUQY]xav XaL xu8y]xCl.V one; IJ-LOO{PWTWIJ,E:VEe; XUlJ-aQEe; HOV stoovetorv OTU ACl.M.oLxa.

Mete TOY n6AEIJ-O, XCJ.TUTQEYIJ,EVEC; n6QVEe; XaL xaA VTEQLIJ,LT~OUOEe;, IJ,E TEA£UTOJCI. tou dooue; Tl] LOCjJLU rEIJ-EVEt~tl ornv nACl.TELa MOQLxoBou, Exavav a6t6.BCl.TOue;, yw oooix OEV ngoo{QXOVTCJ.V AOYW EtOLXWV EVOLaCjJEQovtWV otY] OUVOLXL<X, TOlle; OQOIJ-OUC; TWV AaoaoLXWv. LtlIJ,EQCI. OTl]V JtEQLOXtl, rtou <xAA&~f.L 01.1'11 IJ,ETaCjJEQOVWC; TOU£ naALOUe; 8<XlJ,wv£e; OE UnEe; JtEQLOXfC;, nUQct!J,tvouv Cl.XOIJ-l] T?LCI. TEOOEQU IJ,OvaXLXa nOQVELU IJ-E TOUe; QO~ yA6lJ,noue; OTU XalJ,oam tn rtou nQOOEAX1JOUV Jtf;AUTEe; UJI:O TO ALlJ,aVL XaL rcaAtoUe; 8LaOWTEC; T1]e; UXlJ,tle; XaL Tal) IJ,u8ou ttov AuoaoLXwv.

H 8AAA2:2:INH IIEPmOA02:

IIAarEia rorv xa i'x uilv ei VaL TO A£/-laVL

JWV ovvwori'ovrm xaraona sa aA/1JWvoa xm LOroi WOo.. ClELALVOV xm OOVOOVJW uovvto

va OoliVE 1U vnuatovocapo /1E xow/-lara El;aLma xata roy VA v/llTo um n~ axnic_; r1'}C; K ateo! vnt;

MAPKO}; MEIKOI Xrov ioxio r1]l; yr]~

HnCl.QU8aAUOOW avaTOALXtl ~wvl] TOU 8EQlJ,a'Lxou, uno to <1>6.A1]QO we; to KaQa!LnouQvuxL, Tl]V AQETOOU, Tl1V IIEQaLa XaL Tl1V AYLa TOLuoa, IJ-E TOUS; YQaCjJLX01Je; XOAnLoxoix, rc oQyavwlJ,£va 8aAcwOLa AOUTQU. Ta unaLElQLa X£VTQa o LaoxE6ao1]e; XaL tu AaYxcl xorpevetc, CjJLAoS£VnOE EQ(!)TLXa ~EUYUQLa, aVOAoxATJQWT01)e; £QWtEC; xat XU1]lJ,ouC;. NtOJtLOL aOToL OTOUC; EQclOIJ-Loue; Xtlrcouc; XaL tu; BLAEe; TWv Esoxwv XaL £xOQOlJ,tle; cno TnV nUALu n6Al] XaL ne; JtCtQaYXO(1)VOLXLEe;, Tl]V rtovco rcOAl], Tl]V AyLa TQLaoa XaL T1]V T'ouurm, xaT£Bmvav cmv naQaALa YLa !LnuVLO ortou at£vLl;,Cl.V A LYW!LEVOL TO 8EOn£:oLO nALO~aoiAElJ-a TOU 8EQ!La'Lxou xm tu yuvmxda oWlJ-ata rtou oLaYQuCjJovTav XUTW cno Ta OA6o(D!La lJ-aYLo to xaAoxaLQL.

LTa anolJ,EQa TuBEQvuxLa xm ru; nAal;, £CjJwvav IJ,E tn xaQCl.B6.XLa, Ta TgalJ- XaL to ALya aanxcl AEwcpoQda, xa8wc; crro tc YQa!L- 1J-6CjJwvu oxoovovrcv nQonoAE!LLXU Tj ttanaoovva. TI Ptuiova, TQayouOLcx T01) Atrtx xat TOU EVTOUUQVTO Mrudvxo, Xat IJ-ETanOAEIJ,LxU ta H'AW{30aLAE/-tora TOU XLWTTj XaL TO Aiya 1jJiXOVAa

112

113

o iQWTW; YEW~Erm ue; eta iuiua aov xai JraA~ uu; ara uaua aov JrEeai VEL

vro XaL 8EOCPLAO<; KAEncpEQ_ H oQxi]atQa TT]<; BLEvE1:,as TLAVTa<; XaL rou AEUXOQwoou 8EOCPLAOU, I-tE axoQVtEOV, xL8aQa, mayo, fhoAL, vrocu; XaL OUl.;ocpwvo, oLaox£oaoE Tlll-taxaQLu vEOAuLa t01) I-tWOrrOAEI-tOU OW x£vtQa tT]£ KaAal-tuQLa£, crco tOU <PADxa W<; toy JIaQa&wo XaL TO Anraiov.

Tc Taj3EQvaxLa XaL TU BaAaOOLa AOUTQU oro ¢CtAllQO, Tll IaAUI-tL vo, to KUQal-tnouQvaxL EXAELOaV orto tnv I-tnOXa tll<; 8uAaooa£ orn OEXaEtLa tou '60, unotQaj31JXTllxuv nQo£ rnv AQEToOU XaL rrrv aVTLnEQa oXElll 'tOU 8EQj.J..a-LxoU, ta Aa-Cxa XEVTQa OLaOXEoaoll<; EYLvav OXOA£La, oQyaVWj.J..EVEt; VUma8AlltLX£t; nQOXUl-taLE<; XaL yi]rrEoCt T£VL; xm YXOACP_ Ita o'tOLXELWIJ,EVa EQwTLxa oTEXtU I-tE rnv oueoornt« 'tWV XOQtaQHDv, 'tlls al-tl-t01J XaL rou XWl-tato<;, tWQa vEClQa SEuyuQLa, oLatllQwvTa<; tll (lLaLWVLa rrEQLrr<i8nu tll£ veomtcc, xovouv £Qwta I-tEoU OE aUTQXL vnto rtou to oavELsOvtaL coto roix YOVEL£ roue o»; EQwnxo oTEyaOTQO, ElWQWVTa£ uno to rIaAaTCI.XL ta cpw"tU tll£ 8woaAovLxll£.

To Xal-tEVO KaQaj.J..nouQvaxL tll£ [.tELanOAEI-tLxi]s OEXaEtLa; onou oxouvovrov tel tQayouoLa TOU InuQou Zcvooniou

ayaJrT}t; aov YVQEVW 'tT]; E1JTUXLa; Iluacvurvvonousou To cernxa xaQaj3axLa I.;EXLVOUoav uno rnv rrA(l1:du ElvE1J8EQLa; xm emovuv otaoEL£ OtO AEUXO I1uQYo, tT]V Koaiesa, to Meva AAi~avoQo, oro ¢CtAT]QO xm to KUQu!!JtouQvaxL. BCtQXEs [.tE xevrnI-tEVU !-lal.;LAugCtxLu xct YUuAW!lEVa IJ,nQoUVtsLVU n0I-tOAU tj3yusay BOA t« EQWTEUI-t£VU sEuyaQlCl xm xuvTaooQ01J£ ue xL8aQE; ow 8EQ!-lU"Cx6, onou to CPAEQt, II EQwnxi] onnxi] macpi], EmtuyXCtvovtav JtEQLOoOtEQO ueo« orro rc llouna8i] tQayouoLa tTl; mox1J;, orto»; TOU MEVEAaou In:6.8ll:

2:tllv JtEQLoxi] tOU <PUAi]QOU 11 VEOAaLa nQotq.w6oE La IJ,ELXT(i A01JTQCt oro Mu,)af,1(iQ, oLnAa oro o>tEn:aoj.J..£vo oi]!-lEQa XELlJ,aQQo KWVOTUVtLVLOT], EVW oto YELtOVLX6 Meva AAfSavoQo, OL sUALVE; XU!-lnLVE£ rtnvro orn 8UAaooa nrov XWQLo"t££ YLa UVOQE; xm yuvaLXEt;.

Orov II rruQuALa Eu8uYQa[l!-lLOTllXE ue rnv EJtEXTUoT] Tll; nQoxuIJ,aLa;, orr] OEXaEtLa TOU '50, tn «l-tnCtVLCl rou Aaou» I-tEtacp£Q811- xov oro KUQulJ,rrouQvaxL XaL rnv AQEtOOU. ITO OUtLXO EJtLVELO tTl; n:QoocpuyourrOAT]; KaAa[taQLu;, xata l-t1Jxo; tll; ooou AnatLVL, rtou uerovouootnxe 010 8EIJ,LOToxA'i] IOCPOUAll, ovcueoo OTa naALCt aQxovnxa 'lOU KOVLOQOOU, TOU Znvvc, to TOUQXLXO onLtL onou OTEYUOTllXE to A[.tEQLxavLxo KOAEYLO 8T]A£WV, nou IJ,ETacpEQ811XE cno m MEQSLcpOUVTa t01J I10vt01J TO 1924, XaL to OTQUtomoo KooQa cro aXQuni]QL 'lOU ~tLxQou Kcocunouovou, uni]Qxav n:aALE; taj3EQvEC;, orrw; rou I1mcpQi], tou KaQEXACt xaL roo BEQj3EALo'l'], onou O-UXvaSE xm TQayouoo-uoE 0 BuoLAW; TOLtoCtVT]s. f3yaLvovtelC; cm6 to yatOvLXO taY!-la tY]AEYQacplltWv. Ita XEvroc OLuoxEoaoy]£ Ilcstaooirva, NEQ6toaxm KaAa116nL, srtmsay YUQ(t} oro o£ut£QO nOAE[lO, nonoL QE[lJtEtE£ xm on; oroovyUAtc; JtLoTE; !-lE YLQACtVtE; xnt Aa!-lmOvLu XOQE1jJav tovxo nOAAa SEuyuQLa I-t£ EUQwna'Cxtc; oQXi]OtQEC;. BOQEL61£QU, UVa[lWU orn f3LAa AAAatL VL xaL ro XAU!-lJt rou tEVL£, rtou LOQ1JoaV corot Ef3QaLOL TO 1900, mivw 0"(11 ol1[lEQLvrj 006 E8vLXrj; AV1(OtaOll;, ~Qwxorev to ESOXLX6 XEVTQO ten ¢A6x(l, onou E:Jtmsav xm tQuyou6o-uonv, ovoueou OE VOU[..LEQa ~LE sEvE; xaAAL TEXVLOE<;, to SEUYOs TLA-

II QoaEvxf} ta X£ikt} l10V yw aivavE AEVE

xai ta uatui 110U I1EQ6vvXra xAaive.

xm to E!;w vteotu: xai xanuoi TOU LtEAW1J KusavTsLoll, ava8u[..Latm oro O!-lWVWtO nOLTJ!lU 0 NT LVOt; XQLOtLuVonouAO;:

«Me nf}QE IlE tn via wlIl1nxavf} xai nf}yallE (3okriraCt ow K«oaunovovcou: .l'xor6bt, Ebel; »au. xe: otauatnueva yubm-xt, axeVCtVU T) oeiouoxsuxxn ewaaAovinn_ Ilavtov ayx68w. IlooxcoQf}aaw ae x6n xaAaalliva touuvia. E6w, noiv Aiya XQOVUl ticav TO sEvvxrabtxo "Kasauaxi". AXOI1Ct UJrf}QXE T} otoanotoaQWlliVT} niota xat ro naAxo yw ta 6Qyava. EDW Eixav nai!;H 0 Toi raavl1~ xm 0 MCtQxot;, EDw Eixa bet an6 rrz aVQl1ara rl1 Tuirta A vow va TQayovo6n TT}V II aoavouia.

»Ixicprf)xa: M6vo 0 eocruu; sEQft va exwraUeveTm ret xaACtouata. Kat SanAWaaf-lE nCtvw oro l;WTO touievto, EXEi nOli n6- nOTE dxavaxovarei ramo Awrr,rEQ6 TQayovbta rnt; avcatnc;»

114

XQLaTO~ Z(l(pdQlj~

LTl) NEa Konvn, 6LnAu am TQumSUXLa rrou Ecpmvuv W~ to 'KUlla crco Ta naQaoomaxu XEVTQCJ., K ovxovf3ao UVE~, X auoooaxac, IIaQa6Ewo~, Kavtcoa; nEWAOVOEr;, Kouivta, PEf1,f3'f/, Oaon, A yaJr'f/ xm otu; I;UALVE£ nQo[3A rlTE£ TWV rrQoocpuywv '\jJaQu6wv crro to KOUQL, TO KaTLQH, rnv KQ1'JVlj xru Tl)V AQETOOU, U;TOTUrrw8ljxav aAtf,LEVa na8l) xm TQUCP€QOL EQWTE£, nQoocpuyWV, cpaVTUQWV'Km 0woaAOVLXL{1>V nou E:cpTavav OTl) YQacpLX~ nClQaALa, 6rrw~ ull'lLEocom; OTOU£ (owus, XWQO'llS, iJ-E ro XLVlJiJ-aToYQacpLXl1 rrAava Tl)r; Exr5Qof1,~r; xm 1" ~ n aQiv(jw'f/~ 0 EQW.L'K6~ oXlJvofKTlj~ Tlj~ n6Al)s, Taxl)C:; KUVEn6rroUAOS" OL JtaQaAL€~ Tljr; AQETOOU~, rrorv as LOrroLlj80uv «no TlJ 6lJiJ-0TLxrl OtLXELQy]an KUA<XiJ-aQlU£ w£ oUYXQova TOVQLO'TlXU ava'IjJuxTrlQLa, anoT1lJl(l'l8l']1<UV xm 010 OEX6.D€s, rttvoxe; TOU scoYQ6.cpou Koxrr« Aoucrc, rtou rr€QLcpfQEL rnv Ev6uiJ-aTOAOYLX~ TOU aVEiJ-EALa croix sw:pvLa0iJ-E:VOUr; nsQL;raTljTEr; Tn~ ooo» Touuoxn XaL TlJr; AEW(POQou NLXn£.

LTlJV rraQ(1ALa TYlr; Aoerooix, OTn Xa(3Ca" TO rOV6TEQ i\.{A~ XaL oru; aVTLn£Qa aXTEr; T11£ AYLar; TQL6.6ar; XaL T11~ lIEQulas, XOQEljJE TOU£ vEaVLX01J~ EQ0rtE£ iJ-E TOUr; OAt)f,lJrWVr;, rou; $6Qf1,lY~ xat ana VEaVLXa ouvxoornuoro TljS, 0woaAovLx11S, OTl'] OExaETLcl TOU '60, l'] ovunoiptcotn VEOA.aLn Tl)£ n6A.lj£, orov rrOnOL ouvoIJ.nALXOLTOUr;, xamCjlEl1yovmr; 010 QElJ.nETlXn xcnaywyw., OE YldcpXE~ XaL aIJ..CPL8EatQa, fQWTE110VTav Of Enuvamanxou£ QuEliJ-0Ur; TOU TOE rXE~UQa., TOU Mnourt NTLAav, TOU EQwnxou Mrn] TOU '68, tou $OQT'f/YOV xat Tn£ .zVvvecpOIJAar; TOU l'.!.LQvuol'] LaJH)oJtOUA.OU, TOU MLxn 0E06wQdxYj XaL TOU nVnOLXTaToQLXOU aY<£Ivo, OL EQwtEUIJ..EVOL aycovwTf'; trr; EsOQL(((; XaL Tlj<; cpl'Aax~<;, rtou OTEQi]8nxa.v to ano oWiJ-a, ErrLXaA u\jJUV TTtV EQWtlXrl OT£QlJOn TOU EYXAEL0iJ-0U, IJ..E tnv eVTOVlJ nagollou iJ-VrliJ-lJ TWV EQWTLX<l.lV 01NtQ6cpwVXaL TonLWV TlJ£ noA.Yj<;, arroSlJiJ-Lw811XClV cno TlJV EQWtLxrl nQoocpoQU xm EVTO.Olj Tn~ EJtWTQOCP~S;, o LaTlJQ(i1VTa<; TlJV (1)£ Tn /J.ovaOLxrl EUTUXLO[.l.£VlJ oVYXligLa TlJC:; VE6TnTaC:;.

AxanLEQyrjTCX UYQOTEiJ-aXta, oixonsoc, aA.UVE£ XaL XWQdcpta Tnc:; aVaTOA.Lxi]r; 0woaAovi.XlJ£ crto TlJV KaAa/AUQLa W£ Tn Mnxavuovo; rtou CPLAosEVlJOaV n:aAL6n:Qa «xaEIt GOLEYll ayann», O'UVEXL~OUV xm o~iJ-EQa vc na.QuxwQouv, ore SunG xUAoxaLQw, TO sEQaiJ-£VO XOQTdQL oroix VEOU£ rtou (1yai. VOllV ~UAWltEVOL crto TL£ VTLOXOTeX XaL to; sEVUXTaOLi{(1 Tll£ MLXQclc:;.

115

H JTEQLOXrl ncu EXEL O'UVOEOEL to 6VOiJ-d TlJS, iJ-E Tn OOA.ocpovi.a tOu LAaQXou Pctcn, TlJV wQa TWV €QWTtXWV JTEQLnTusEWV, coto TOV dYVWOTO axolJ.l']oQaxo tou LeLX LOU, OUYXLVEL ~EuyaQ6.xw xrn nOLl']TE<;, orrw£ OTO AcQODQ61lw Mixoac; TOU AA.E:l;lj AoxovoYAOlJ, rroA U neQu nrto ta ouvuwe~iJ-ata rtou MVEL 0 UJt0XWQL- 0f,L6~ XaL 11 fU1uxi.a TOU £QXOf,Lou ayanlJiJ-Evwv n:Qoowrrwv OTO oUYXQovo UEQOOQOf,LlO.

Of1,iXA'f/ xaTe{3o:ivn f1,E T' aJr6ywf1,O: X~ ° oQ6fl,or; xaQax(ovet to tpc»; xouuatuxata YVQvwvrar; ueoa cto aUo r.piyyor;. aav!;eyvf1,vwfl,a

a' ivav onaioio oovocmnio {3waf,lG.

Tote AallJrOVV yw uat; JrQo{3oAEir;, UXf,lJrovv via Givo: av6(3ovve at Duvaroi rpaxoi XL GAa r.pwTif;,ovv

TO otoua, TO f,laAA~a, ro vvxrWllivo ocoua:

eioi qJEYYH f3afh6 mov oVQav6 TJ ayaJrTf iuu; ()QV{1/.wna{1EV'f/ f,lovGtxf} aTOvaEQOAL{1EVa, f{JEyyet yw T'f/ anytL'r7 JrOV 'f/ qJAoya ()a eyyiaEt

YAEiqJovra~ TO l5oal1Evo XEQL, XL ouo»; rQif1,eL

aav O:VOLXrrj JfA'f/yf} otn uouoxeuevn wQO:.

Of,liXA'f/ xarE/3a[ VEL {If T' O:JroYWf1,a

ue; aro /1W6qJWTO aU6f;,ovv6Aa 61.jJ'f/, el,;wQatf;,oVTat xai vrvvovrm TO 6AAO qxoc; ro JrLO &x6 uos;

H uvrLnEQa 6xen rou 0EQiJ-UYXOu, flEQa(a, MrrasE TmcpALxL, A YLa T QLaoC1, iJ-E iJ-Lxga ani. rtc nQoocpuywv nito TOU~ Em~6:tE£ xm TlJV flEQa.ta 1% avatOALx1J£ 0QCtXlJ<;, otdellXE OLl£ TQEL£ iJ-ETarrOA.quxE<; 6ExaETi.E~ n A.a.·exrl nAa~ TlJ£ ElwoaAovLxll£, XWQOC; 'jJ1.JxuywyLa<; iJ-E 1jJaQOta~EQVE£, €QwTLx6~ nQooQLOiJ-OC; tlJC; VEOAaLa£ nou n:1JQE iJ-EQOS; OTa «!-lJILT£ naQtt» Tll£ 6ExaET(a~ Tal' '60 XaL XCtQljXE rnv xa8agi] ax6iJ-lj 8aA.aooa. LTlC; cua EsEogEr; Tnr; IlEQai.a£ XC1L TlJC; Ayi.a£ TQLu6a~ EcpTavav, orto tlj (",xanLC1 oxoiJ-n TaU '20, noAAoi. 0W0C1AOVLXd<; iJ-E TO. xaQaj3aXLCl TOU 0EQlJ.a·Cxou, IIoaw5wv, AAEXOr;, i\.evXJ], EQf,lf}r;, EVDoxia, eeaaO:Aovix1J 1. ewoaAovix1] 2, £n£lra crto nOA1JwQE£ OlJQ£C; EJtL~i.j3C10lJC; ctnv rrUA.LG naQaA.i.a XL aQYOTEQa. o1lJV rrQOXUiJ-ULU TOU AEl''){oD I1UQ-

116

you. ITa xaQaj3uxLa xat n~ alJ,[WUOLE£ tT]£ AYLu£ TQLuou£ <PAEQTUQT]OE Xat EQwTElltljXE 6AT] oXEo6v T] vWAalu TT]£ BEOoaAOVLXT]£ coto TO IJ,EOOnOAEIJ,O W~ TT] OEXaETLU TOU '70, orcv 11 QunavoT] 'lOU x6Anou amo011oE TOU~ AOUOIJ,EVOU£ nEQa coto TO IJ,EYUAO KcooIJ,nouQvo'U, (JU£ IJ,aYEUUXE~ UX'tE£ TT]£ KaoCJuvoQa£ Xat 'ty]~ IL- 8WVLa£.

H EQWnX~ IJ,UYELa TOU 8EQIJ,U'CXO'U IJ,ETaTOnLOTT]XE on£ nEUXO<pUTE£ UX'tE£ T11~ XaAXL()LXn£, ortou nT]ymvOEQXOV1aL XWQL£ j3aQuyxolJ,6, IJ,E IJ,1I:0tLALUQWIJ,Eva UUTOXLv11ta Xat nOA'Uj3ouE£ IJ,OTOOLXAE'tE£, OL EQaCJTE£ TOU oaj3j3aTOXUQLUXOU. OL UIJ,IJ,OU6LE£ Xat OL JtEUXOj3EA.OVE£ T11£ XaA.XLoLxi]<,;, rc nClQu8EQwnxu onLna Xat to: ?;,w't6. SEvoooXdCl tT]<'; EXOUV 0CPQUYLOEL aVEsLTT]AU T11V EQWTLXi! ClVatQLxLA.a XClL EQwnx~ EU'tUXLa XLAL6.0WV 8WOUAOVLXL<OV xm SEVWV nUQuOEQLOTWV.

To uovoorxo novoocuo TT]£ 8EOOUAOVLXl]£ EOLVE av£xuOEV 0 8uAaCJCJw£ og61J,0~ tOU 8EQIJ,U'Cxou xUA.nou, nQw en ogOOEQOL nA6E<'; uvnxuTaoTUOo'UV uno TU o'UYXQovu !-lETU<pOQLX& IJ,EOa, rtou nQooEYYi,?;,OUv tT]V n6AT] cno &OALE<'; Xat j3QOIJ,EQE~ £L06oou£. OL XmUnA.EoV'tE<'; OTO AL!l6.VL, IJ,ET6. tTl CJTO.ElLUXiJ unEQ1I:iJoT]0T] TOU IJ,LXQO'U xru TOU IJ,EY&AOU Ef1.I36AOU, EIJ,EVUV ExOulJ,j3m IJ,E n<,; EVUAA.U006IJ,EVE£ £Lx6vE<,; TT]£ ulJ,cpd3EaTQLXn<,; 8£u£ TY]£ n6AT]<'; cno TO I£LX LOU, TO Emun'UQYw, trrv rr&vw n6Al'] Xat Tl'] YQU<PLXiJ OaAaoOLU SWVl'] rtou UrrAWvnaL U1I:' '(;0 Mm?XTOLvaQ W<'; TO AEux6 IT'UQyo xm TOU<,; 6 QI.WU<'; TT]£ KaAi]~ MEQLU<,;.

OL TEAEUTaLOL oouovnxo; OEmE<'; tr]<,; 8EOOUA.OVLXl']<'; 0.11:6 tl'] 86.Auooa i]TUV OL SEVOL IJ,aXT]TE<'; TOU rrQwtou novxoouto» nOAE[.lOU rtou xaTEYQu1.fJaV xru <PWTOYQ6.cpwuv TlJV rroA.lJ XUTartA.EOVTac; EXOUIJ,j3OL OTOV 6QIJ,0 TTJ<';. «ESaLoLa 01l:TUoLa», «YT]tE1JTQa etxovo», «[.LuQyaQLT6.QL rou Arvoiou», «6Qu[.la mwvLac; wQmOtTJTUt;», etvet £AUXWTOL evturtoiotoxot XUQaX'tT]QLOI.1OL TWV SEvWV otocHUmov uno TOU~ nOAAo'U<,; rtou OUVEAEi.;£ xm !lETE<pQaoE 0 LCtXT]£ I£Qe<pa<,; OTO j3Lj3ALO TOU H ewoa).ovixTj e; anoauioeox; Ami] rn ALyOOUIJ,LXiJ eea dxav OL rraALOL £mj36.TE<'; uno ro nQonOAE[.LLx6. aonxu xaQuj36.xLu tOU E>EQlJ,a'Lxo'U XClL OL ALYOL XUAOXClLQLVOL TOUQLOT£<,; rcou EmoTQe<pouv TTJ v'UXTa [.lE tc (peQLIJ,JtoT an6 to: VT]m6. tOU aVatOALxO'U Aryctou,

01 IIAATEIEL THL 0AAALLAL A£1JXOU TIUQY01J - AQLOTO'tEA01J~ - EA£1J8[QLa~

E&b eivat JfOAV wQaia va JffQJfaTaq;. Na Sf XLvaq; ano T~ OFVTQOqJVTE1Jlliv1] JfAareia EAEVefQ(aq;, exei OTO ALflaVL, Xat JfQOxwQOJvraq; nQoq; ra avaTOALxa va' nfQvaq; uxoooi« ano JfaALa, JfA1]YWflEva, aAAa wQaia xtioia, aQQ1]xra &flEva f1E T1] flOQ'Pr, aVTr,; T1]q; JfOAL ieuu; TO fOTLaT6- QW «V).,VflJfO; - Naouoo», TO SfVOOOXe{o «Mevn TfQavE», T1)V JfAarcia AQLOTOTEAOV;, ue T1)V JffQicp1]/l1] f3v~avn vrj aQXLWtrOvLurj T1)q;.

fIgPfOZ IQANNOY ,,0WOUAOYlKllS o:Y6.~(lOl1 xm xut6.~aoll>' ow BL~Ho Erpfjf3wv xcu. /11]

EQWUX61lQWO xm nQoox'UVTJ!J,a fLvaL 0 AEUXO<,; ITuQYos TT]C; 8woaAOvixT]C;, xuOWC; OtO O'UIJ,BOAO rtoooovcrosj- 0[.l0'U tT]s nOAlJC; xataAi!youv aVEXae£V tc EQWtLXCt t,EUYCtQLU TTJ<,; EJtaQxLa£, veovourpoi OTT]V xaTW<pEQLXll nOQdu TOU IJ,llva tOU IJ,EAL,(O£, !lETa TT]V EQWUX~ aYQuJtvla ore AU·Cx6. sEvoOoxEia, to: ynTovLxu Jt(lQXU XClL tT]v eQY]IJ,TJ nQoxulJ,aia. 3btVOE<'; [.tOQ<PEC; i,;EQoOTai\LCtt,ouV oro rrayXCtXLU TOU Jt1JQYou aTEvLt,oVta~ '(0 lJALOBuoLAflJ,a '(OU 8EQlJ,a'Cxou, oav vc 1tEQL[.lEVOUV OT11v OUQ6. YLU va 0<PQUYi,oouv 0'(0 AT]I;LaQXELo tT]C; nOA11<,; rnv avenavCtA11n'(TJ VUX'twoLu.

ITTJV neTQLVT] nEQLcpeQELU 'lOU IT'UQYOU, 'ljJT]AacpWVTa; aYVWOTE£ j3Ul;;UV,(;LV£<'; XaL TOUQXOXQa'tO'U!!EVf<,; IJ,Vn[.lEC;, AEUXU mQWtEQLa

I:

o 'EQwe; ox£JttL TYjV JtOA n tEXVL 1:Ee;, O1J[.HjlWVa IlE aQX£LaX£e; JtTlytr;, t[3a\jJ£ 11£ aoJtQo aO[)ECJtrj TO 18900 cpuAaXW[l£VOe; Nathan Gueledi YLa vu muvuxTllCJ£L rnv £A£u(kQLU TaU. To aOJtQLCJ[lCl tOU JtuQYou, JtO'!J ovouorrmxe EXTats M.m::yulC; KOVAE, /\£UXl1e; IIuQyoe; OljAa6i], XL ((I; 1;£13((11>£ ue ne; [)Qoxoj3oAte; xm tnv JtOA UXaLQi,u, EYLV£ uer« TO CJUVMQLO TOU B£QOALVOU, TO 1878, we; XQW!lanxi] ClJt£lXOVLOlj TOU oi]8£v £XOUYXQOVLOIlOU Tlje; 08W[1(XVLxi]e; ClutOXQalOQlCle;.

'HtClV t600 aL!l6cpuQtTl Tl [lvi]IlYj TWV 0£OOClAOVLX£WV JtOU xaJtOLOL JtQl'n£lVClV vc xat£oacpLOtcL, XaL ce 0[10tLtAO JtOLl]~W 0 rL(DQyoe; LtQClti]YTle;, usr« Tl]V ClJt£A£u8EQWOTl tYje; JtOAY]e;, JtQ6- mat,£:

119

118

XaL XaAAWJtLOnXOUe; 8a[1v01.Je; - £Qwnxoue; EkoQux£e; OTOUe; nooVO[)A£1jJl£e;, nEQLEcp£Qav toy naQooLX() £QW1(( aO£louxm CPClVtaQOL, JtQWTOj3YUAtOL CPOL'ty]TEC;, Emf)aTEr; tQEVWV XaL JtAOLWV rtou OAOXAy] QWvouv to Tal;loL toll JtQOOKuvi]!lUtoe; 010 AEUXO II lJQYo, [la8y]TQLOUA£e; ue JtochEr; XaL Tt,LV, AOUO[1£VOL rtou m:QL[l£VUV 10. xUQa{3aXLCl yLCl rnv aJtEvaVTL axti], f)OQ£lOL tOUQLOtEe;, JtQ60umCl [1ELALXLa rtou cnorumnoov TYj ALYWtLXi] YAuxa tOU O(])[1CltOr; OtOUe; UlT(((8QlOUr; CPWtOYQacpOlJe; TOl' IIuQYou, W ne; qxorovoccpi,Ee; OTLY[lije; XOAAY][1£VEe; OTOV XL[)wnOOXY][10 OXOTELVO 8aA(([lO TWV tQLJtOOWV [1Y]XUVWV TOU;. Otuv OL ytQOL CPWtOYQacpOL, JtOU OLEOWOClV or«; JtAUXEe; XaL rn !lvi]IlTl TOUe; TYjV EUTUXlU tau JtQOoxuvnucroc, EI;O[)EALOTYjxav «no TO yALOXQO ((OCPClALOtLXO 1((uelo i] EI;EALJtaV [3LoAOYLxa, to !lVY][1eLO u)C; EQumx6 OXTlVLx6 OUVEXLt,EL vet anOtUJtWVETaL one; !ly]xaVEe; LVOta[1anx XaL tnv JtQ08EO[lLaxi] uvrurn, stou EJtLt,lltEL amour; XWQOur; XaL OtEQEOUe; 1OLxOue;, JtQOX£L[l.EVOU vu OLaTTlQi]O£L ue CWTCmCtTEe; XaL JtuQO(lLxb; ClVaACl!lJtEe; wof3La tnv EUtUXLCl.

LLO An,xo ITUQYO, OLXllV EI;0[10A6you XaL JtaQllYOQl]Tij, xcroAi]yOUV, XaTEu8uVO[lEVOL crto ~ua EOWTEQLXi] xa80oi]yY]0Y] 6AOL OL OTEQYjIlEVOL cno XOLVWVLXfe; XaL lTOALnX(C; XaXOl.JXLEe;, rtou [.lEOU coto TYjV EQWTLxi] Evona, A6yw EYXAELO[.lOU, Et,LoaVLXEuoav TOV EQWTU, OLaoTQEf3A(J)oav i] JteL8avayxaCJUV tY] YEVf.ti]OLa OQ[1i] OE JtVLYTlQr1 aOLEI;OOU, SEQOvi]OLU XaL cpuAaXEe;, EXUOUV llat,L [1£ CtAAEe; 8Ql]OXEunxte; XCH LOEOAOYLXE<; OTQat€1JOnr; TOV XOQE0[10 TYje; VEoty]Tae;, Yj oxoio m:QLcpEQETUl orov (61O XWQo Orl[1EQa we; UJTEQrlALXTl TQaU[1atLo[1EVY] 8AL\i)Tl XaL ortovonteuon.

o «AEWV TWV CPQOUQLWV» XaL «tQWLU LOXUQOV», xan't 1OvTouQxo JtEQLYjYljTtl EBALa TOEAqurL,UJtrlQI;E EJtL aLWVEe; OTOLXELW!lEVOe; Jtl.JQY0C; TOU aL!laTOe;, Kavsi KOVAE ore touoxtxo, we; CPUAUXi] LOofh LWV XaL XataOLx(J)v TWV aJtEAE\J8EQCOUXC!)V X LVllf..tUTWV , yLaTl EXEL '«aJtf:ocpanov TOUe; XClTUOLXOUe;, EVW TO aL[1a E{3ClCPE 1OU; AEUXOUe; 1OLXOU~ TYje; ELQXTi]C;», X((8(D; YQUCPEL 0 Xati;TlLWr1VYOU OTTlV «AOTUYQClcpLa» TOU. AL[106L1jJde; YEVLTOClQOL aVEf3at,av ow; mGASELC; TOU; 8UVUTOJtOLVLTE;, JtQOELOOJtOLWVTa; rnv EXTEAEOYj ue xavovLo[30ALO[.lOUe;, evw to CI.L!J,U TWV ocpaYIlEVWV WaJtaOLa tBaC{JE 1:OUe; ESWTEQLXOUe; TOLXOUC; tOU JtUQYOU IlE TQLUVta Il£TQa u1jJO; xm E~OO[.li]vTa IltTQa JtEQL[.lETQO. To lTEVTaWQOCpo 8aA<1.0- oio 0XlIQO, JtOU XTLOTllXE TO 1430aJto TOUQXOlle; XaL BEVELOLaVOl.Je;

L1eq! fLOU1,n oav xuxktiateu: TTJ~ TVQcxvvia<; oteuual K6BE wv netoa, x6f)r uQ,u6~, X6f:JE TOU xUQcpi,

wa6v YQCt.ViTTJ ret. 'bWE f1vQiwvf:Jvf16TWvai,ua,

am) ret. Q£,08E,uda OT1JV »ooooom; xOQfP~·

o IT1IQYo; [AETa to 1929 6VOQWCJE OTU JtfLQLVU 6W[l.EQLollaTa [.lE ne; 0XOLVOSUALVEC; EJlV(QacpEe; nov aU0TYj[1aTWV TaU; one; lTOQTEe; roix vcwToJtQ6oXOITouC; TTj; JtOATl;, we; TO 1978, rtou JtuQaxwQrl(1TjXE ow YJtouQYc(,o I1oALUO[101), I'La vo; OTeyCtCJEL, EJtHTa coto El;uLOLa uvaoTi]Awoy], coro TO 1985 tn But,avTL vi] 01JAAoyi] TYj; rtoAl]e;. LTllbExaHLa tou '30 a AEux6C; [}'I)Q,/O; ntov T] aEQa[1UVa trj; JtOAy]C; XaL SWYQaCjlLCJT6e; we; TEQaOnO otvTQO lTuQaHa'(rle; 6LaOO)8YjXE OE cpwwYQacpLEe; crto Tl] YEQ!laVlxij xawxi], YLa TO CPO~O nov <XYYALXWV <XEQOJtAavwv.

H JtAaTELa ovoueo« OLO AEux6 IT uQyo}tm TO BamALXO E>tatQO EJtL nsvnvrc XQ6Vla, crro n; UQXEe; TOU Ul(DVa, rrtov XWQoe; 1jJuxaYWYLac; xru EQ(01LXWV EJtucptOV JtAOUOLCOV 0EOaaAOVLXEWV, EJtLOXEJtTWV Tr]e; Jt6Al]e; XCH OTQaTWV xaToxi)e; JtOU OlJxvat,av OTOV Krpto, TO aQLOTOXQunX() EOTLaT6QLO xm TO 0EaTQO TOU AEUXOU I1UQYOU.

AQXLTEXTOVlXO; JtuQi]vae; LOU KijlTOU, JtOlJ on18l]xE ue uQxaLa XCH [3ut,avTLva oixooojux« UALXa TOU YELTOVLXOU xan:oaq:JLOOEVLO; But,avnvou tELxOUe;, i]taV LO VEOXAamx6 OLWQOCPO XTLQLO

120

XQLOTO~ ZacpdQ'n~

o 'EQw~ OXEJtEL T1]V JtOATJ

121

«Kata T7]V JtcoiObO 1915», YQCxCPEL 0 Kcootce; Toucvcc, «rors nov T/ ewaaAovix7] titav iva nfQ~xaQaxwJ1ivo otoatoneoo, aro 8iarQo xat. r« aaA6vw TOV Xr1JTOV avxva~av a?;~wfl,anxo{ TT/t; LrQanat;, ouooae; LEO/3ft;, Af!3avr{vft;, Ptoaioei; xa: aUft; vonooe; afl,qJt/36Aov nQocAfvafwt; xm T/8~xfJr;· Ma~i W TO J,lwaa'(xo avr6 rwv qJVAWV xai TWV qJVAWV, usoi rer; XafJE AOyfJt; Ef.lJTOQfV/larwV xai JtQo/.17]fJfvrir; rov LrQarov W tu; vvvatxe; TOVr; xat tu; (JvyarEQEr; TOVr; nooonoikrooav va xAEiaovv naQaYYfAiEr; tu: T7JV emuesmeia TTJt; Lroanar; xa: EXAn vav ra tuitux otu; JrEoinouioeu; nov cJTtba1jJlAwav at vnoaioi xOiAaQa&r; a?;uv/lanxot ara (JijAEa WJA7J T7Jr; OtXoYEvnat; rovr;. Lra na~aQw auta &axQt8T/xav at E/3Qa{ot, aAAa bEv ijwv AiYOt xai ot btxoi iuu; nov fnwcpeAi]fJ7Jxavano TT/V EyxaQbw avtt; aVVEVVOT/a7J nvv yvvmxwv rovr; tu: TOVt; aV/l/laXovt; a?;tw!wnXou~.N

Ano 111 oXTJvtl TOU WTOQLXO'U fku1QOU 11]e; E>EOouAOvLx1]e; JtEQUoov at;LOAoyOL EAA11VLXOL XaL t;EVOL 6tUOOL XaL OVOfJ,a01ot JtQWTaYWVLOtEe;, oJtwe; 1] MC1QLXC1 KOLOJtOUA1], 11 KU~EATJ, 0 XQWTOCPOQoe; NEl;EQ XaL 0 Mover; KaLQCxxTJe;. ~tJtAa OTO JtUALO 6EUtQO TOU AEUXOU II uQYou JtCl.QUfJ,!':V£L 6Q6LO to xcxovoixrto BamA LXO E>EUtQO, XtWfJ,EVO 0111 fJ,ETllt;LXn OLXTCl.TOQLC1. IIEQu crro to SEC1TQO, JtQoe; TO OUYXQOVO uvnusto t11£ E6vLXne; AVTLOta011e;, A~LtOUQY11- orrv, XUQLWC; TO XaAOXCl.LQL fJ,E EmSEWQi]OELe; XaL !lOUOLX6. EQya, Ot11 !lEtaJtoAE!lLxi] ELXOOaEtLU OL6.CPOQU 6EC11;QU, TO MErQoJT6A XaL 6.AAU, IJ.,E VTomOUe; 6L6.00ue; XaL JtOAA6. aS11vu'ixu fJ,JtOUA01JXLU.

T11 IJ.,aVLa t1]e; woJtEbWOTJ£ OAWV tWV CPUOLXWV OQIJ.,WV XaL tWV XtLQLWV t1]e; JtCl.QuALaXnC; l;WVl]e;, OOOL OE IJ.,Ewf3MS1]xav IJ.,E t1]V TEXVllTt) JtQooXWOll T11e; VECl.e; JtaQuALae; OE OtEQLllVa. OLXOJtEOU, 6£XTllXE XaL TO JtUALO VEQXAamXO Cl.QXOVTLXO TOU TotOLXU, nou f3QLOXOTUV OTO Jta.Qxo, xovro OTO xaAxLvo OU!lJtA£Y!la TOU MEyaAou AA£t;avoQo'll. To ALto XTLQLO, rtou i]TC1v OEQ~LXt) Atoxn u!;LW!lanxorv OTO'llC; j)UAXCl.VLXOUe; JtoAEIJ.,OUe;, XaL YLll OExaETLEC; oTEyaoE to fJ,OVUbLXO XQUtLXO wbdo rtou LOQUellXE !lEta TTJV UJtEAEU8EQWOn OT1]V JtOATJ, YLU va LXUVOJtOLt)O£t ETOL 0 EAE'll8EQLOe; BEVLl;EAO£ T11V LClLULtEQll XALon iWV E>EOOUAOVLXEWV JtQoe; T11V EUQWJtCl.·LXn !l0UOLXt), XCl.tEbucpLOT1]XE TO 1969 EJtL XOUVTUe;. Av JtC1QE[lEVE UQXV(EXtOVLXi] oCl.on OTO JtOAUWQOCPO JtaQaAwx6 IJ.,ETWJtO tWV JtoA'llXaTOLXLWV, Sa fJ,JtOQOUOE On!lEQa vc OTEy6.0EL Eva fJ,oUOLx6 fJ,OUOELO, uAM. nou XaLQoC; YLU TETOLU EXELVl] rnv EJtOXt): AtyOL E>EOOUAOVLxdC; fJ,E T1]V aVTLoLxTaTOQLXn bQu011 EOWOUV t11V TLlJ.,n tWV OJtAWV XaL OL UJtOAOLJtOL ouvExLl~av a6LacpoQOL, OLXOVO[lOUVtE£ xaL ipuxaywyoU[lEVOL ore JtOLXLAa XEVtQCI. oLlloxEoao11C;, rtou av8wuv LOWLTEQU OT11 OLXLC1TOQLU, t11V EX JtUQUOOOEWC; fJ,ETUJtQUtLXl] VOOtQOJtLU t11£ Jt6A1]e;.

nou XtI,Ot11XE TO 1906 JtQoe; tL[l t)v TOU OOUA trrvou XUIJ.,L t XaL JtEQLAUIJ.,j3UVE to 8EatQo OtO LOOYELO, tTJV aL8ouoC1 rou XOQou XaL buo oxoun aL8ouOEe;, yLll EOtLULOQLO XaL TC1j3EQVU. LTOV oQocpo AELTOUQYOUOE XU[..lJtC1QE £'llQwJtu'(xwv JtQoc">wYQucpwv, fJ,E aQTLOTEe; (1Jt' OAn T11V EUQwJtn, xC18we; XaL !ALa IJ.,EyciATj ai801Joa rtou xata XaLQoue; XQTJOL[loJtOLnElnxE cno XaAALtEXVLXa XaL ESVOTOJtLXU OW!AatELC1.

T11V JtQWt11 oExaJtEVtaETLCI. AELTouQYLa~ tou, 0 Krptoc TO'\) AE'Uxou IIuQY0'll OUYX£VTQWVE aQLO"tOXQatE£ t11e; JtOA'llE8VLXr1£ 8EOOaAOYLXne; XaL TOUQXOU£ ai;LWfJ,UTLXOUe;, rtou ELXav EXtL XaL T11 AEOX11 rour; we; rnv aJtEAEu8EQWOn, xa8ws; XaL JtAOUOLOV£ I;EVOUe; EmOXEJttEe;, EfJ,JtOQOUe; XaL LQaJtEl;LTE£. MEta. TOY JtQCOtO Jt6A£!.1O, o Krptoc; Et;EALXTllXE OE X£VTQO 6LaoxtoC1011e;!lE JtOAUIJ.,EM OQXtlOTQa JtOU JtQOOELAXUE IJ.,EOOaOnxa otQW!laTC1, yLC1 roue; aJtOXQLCxttxou; XaL TOUe; 0XOALXOUt; XOQOue; XaL T11V OLXOYEVELaXn (30A to. t11e; KUQLUXne; we; to 1958, OTUV 0 KWVOTUYLLvoe; KUQulJ.,avAite; to. XatEOUCPLOE, we; 611IJ.,OOLa avtuAM.!;LIJ.,U xtiQLa, XCxQLV EJtEXtao£roe; T11£ YEae; JtC1QaAtas; XaL £'llEluYQaIJ.,IJ.,L01]e; T11£ JtaQuALaXtl£ AEWCPOQOU. Ta c)"tQOYYUAa. TQLJt06a !laQ[laQlvu uJtaL8QLC1 TQaJtEl;La TOU Krptou, rtou LxavoJtOLouOC1V TnV E[lCP'llt11 XUTC1I:puyn TWV E>EOoaAOVLXEWV OtTJ ElaAaooa, IJ.,£TC1cpEQEl11xav mllJ.,EQa (30QEL6tEQU ow; aAEEC; TOU JtaQxou tlle; XANE> [lE t11V axaAaL0811TTJ llaxQa JtuQuta!;l1 tcov JtAuonXWY TQuJtEl;oxaElw[latwv.

IIEQLI; tOU C1QWTOXQatLXOU Kt)Jtou tOU AEUXOU IIuQYou EJtL oexaetLEe; 1JJttlQ!;av XWQOL rou onoxoouo» XaL TOU AC1'LXOU EQwTa. H JtaALotEQ11 xaxocp1]l111 aJtocpoQu T11e; JtEQLOXnr; uvuyxaoE JtOAACx OTJIl0tLXa 01J[l(30UALa vn anoxa8uQouv TO XWQO YXQEIJ.,Ll;OVta£ abwxQL Troe; XaL TO. JtaALa xtLQLa rou QoELou XaL rov AEUXOU IIuQYou. OL [lEta[lOQcpwOELC; tOU TOJtLOU £Lveu OUYXAOVLOtLXE£ XaL OL aHaYEe; XQnOEWV T11e; Y11e;, ue TnV avamUt;11 tou OVYXQOVOU

a 'EQw~ OXEnEL 111v n6An

123

n<lQxou, EXOUV uJ[(u0T]ed ctu; XataYQCl.(pE~ JtaA~6)V VOO1aAYcDV 1T]S,

Iltoro crto to BUOLA~XO 0EatQO, nQLV crto 10 !1Jtcl~W[.lU, ~tav EnL Ku'"Coxr)s TO Al[.laVclXl, XEVTQO AUeQE[.lJtOQL01I Xat t.taUQTJS ayoQas XaL OELQES coto «[.lJtAOXW», 1OL~lEV'"CEVlOl XUf)OL non ffxav xuSd OE XaAouma nQ~v uno 10V Jt6Af[.l0, YLa TTJV fJl:tx1aOTJ TTJS vta~ nQoxu~aLas. «AVcl[.lWU OTU ~nA6xl(J.», OTJ~ELcDVEL 0 HALas IIE1QonouAoS, «vnr1Qxav OL(~OQO~OL rtou touc XQTJOL[.lorroL0110av OL nEQa01LxoL WS JtQoXEtQa arroxwQllTr)QLa, OL xaoLxA~bES, ot Jt60VE~, OL XWAO!1JtaQac£~ BUQxaQTJoES XaL OL [.lauQayoQLT£S.» at xaOLxAr)o£s TllS Jt£QLOxil~ [.laSEUOV1aV 01(1 xa<pEvdu-1fXEOES rou IOQ6avTJ XaL lOU XtcD1YJ OlTJV ooo TOLQOytclVVlj, tnv Kt(3Wr:OlOU MaxQr], crtevovn un01T] XAN0, XaL ~LxQ()1;EQa Tuf)£QvclxLa OTTJ AE:wc.p6Qo BUOLAEWS fEWQyLOU. L1:fJV 006 NLXWPOQou <1>t0Xa, r)Qloxorov xm 0 TEXtC; LOU LLDEQlj, rtou MsaoE 0 BUOLAlj~ TOLTOaVlj~ xru I'lLEOWOE ue yA(J.(pU(Yrl uvanuQuoTUOlj YLU 1:0 X(oQo xcu TOV LbLOXT~TT] TOU 0 T6ATJ~ KasuvTsr)S OTO rrESoYQac.pfJ[.la TOU «L'l.QoOOD A(J.».

2:LO X(OQO ron XtLQLOU Tlje; OTQUTLWTLXr1S AEOXlle;, nQLV OTT]ed OTO Looyn6 rou 0 XLVfJ~aTOYQ(UpoS AAtc;avoQo::;, ~1aV ro xac.pEVELO NEOV rou HALU Euoctuovo; VlIX1£QLVO OTEX~ YLU vwf)arsnbE~, XaOLXAiloES XaL m)QVE~. 2:' U1I1010 xcoevuo 0 BaoLAfJ~ TotTOaVTjS EYQmjJE '"CO 1946 TO TQaYOU{)l Try::; .uaarotiQa~ TO oxono, E[.lnvEUO[.lEvO coto rraLoLxES [.lVn~EC; HIS yevETELQUe; ton YLa TOUr; (3aQureOLvL1Ee; oro 01(lmom:Do TQlxaAwv, Anevovn, OTO X6)Qo ortou avaYEQ8ljxE TO 1962 TO 0taTQO TfJe; EtnLQdac; MoxeooviXcDV 2:nolI(6)v, xaxoyouOTO aQXLnxTOVTj~ta rou BaOLAlj KuooavoQa, nrov TO xac.pEVf,Lo NEa TeVt6 xru OTT]V ELoooo LOU XLVT]~moYQ(tc.pou AQWTOT£AeWVTO c.pT]~LO~EVO 8taTQo .J;ufnyu, not) XarEAT]SE crto J1uYOOQO!lLO O£ OEaTQo-rrnaQ. Arto TO .J;uEnyu ntQaoav nOAAOL SLaoOL XL E~c.pavLOTfJXaV 0 XQLOtOCPOQO~ NEsEQ, 1] Aq)QobCI1] AaomuQYJ XL OL abEA(pE~ BEQcDVYJ, EWl) yw nOAAE~ JtEQL6bou~ TO HEaTQO AELTOUQYllOE we; BaQL!::n: ~E TaxuoaxnlAOUQyoue; XaL aAAO'UC; xan~ TEXVES.

To YVWO'tOTEQO xacpE TYJS 000'0 BMoTJ TOLQoYlaVVlj, aJt£vavtL «no '(0 AEUXO IIuQYo, ELVaL «no TO !1WOnoAq,w [.l£XQL 011~EQa TO NTOQE10U TaxT] 3Ec.pT£Qll, TO OJlOLO urto VEa OlE'08uvO'lj XaL rtEAaTELa OQ£reH TnV naAL6TE:QT] c.p~~ll rou, To NWQE, n{:Qa ano ru; ou-

VCLLOeTJ~anXES aVacpOQEr; YLU TOUr; JtOLXLACbvu~oue; EAAT]VES XaL SEVO'll(; Sa~cDve~, OUVEbEOE LO OVO[.l<X LOll X1JQLW~ ~E 1fJV TQWV1clXQOVYJ LOTOQLa rou <1>£Onj3aA EAAYJVLX0U Krvnucrovoorpou, 2:xnV08ETES, YJ80JtOLOL, XQLTLXOL, TEXVLXOLTOU XLvlj[.laTOYQa.cpOU xaL II nQOOOEUtLXn V£OAULa TOU '60 XaL 10U '70, OuvEXLsav ~ETa tu; nQoBoAE~, wC; 'to JtQWt, 1TJV £VTOVn XQluxi] yw TYJV JtoL01:YJTa 'tWV 'tCLLVLcDV, YLa JtQ60wnu XaL xcroorcoeu; 10U Oeouou, 'GAOL UVESalQ£TWC; OL JtaQayov1E~ ron eAAYJvLxo'0 X~VTJ~aTOYQacpou coto to 1962 o»; 111 oExaETLu TOU '90 xa8Loav ore 1:QUrtE!;,aXLCI. rou NTOQE, nou Cl.rrO'tEAd swv1avil torootc rou <1>EOu[3aA XaL 10 [.laSLX01EQO XcDQO mac.pi]s TTjS [.l£HXJtOA£[.lLXi]e; XLVll[.lUTOYQacpLac;, AJto rnv JtAELclOa TWV YVW01cDV 8a[.lcDVWV, al;LO!lVYJ~OVEU'ta dvm 0"0 JtQoowJta ~ !lOVL!lOL 8UW.oVES ron NTOQE, 0 OXTjV08ETTjC; TUXTjS KaVEAA6rroUAO~ XCLL 0 XQL1LXOe; XLVYJ[.lm:OYQac.pou Aa!lJtQoC; IIaJWXQ6VTJC;. 0 J1QcD10S OVVEX~SE EJCl XQOVLa va XU8ETCLL, [.lOVUXLXOS XaL EOWOTQEc.pi]C; EJt6Jt'LY]~ TWV OQW[.lEVWV Llj~ JtAal'ELae;, coto TO nQw\, we; TO ~WT]~EQL, 0'10 TQUreEsaXL rtou CPEQEL OTYJ ~vil[.ln rou 1T]V m vaxU'ia «TQunf!;'L TOU Tuxlj KaVEAA6JtOlIAQU». a OEUTEQOC;, nEQU cno TTjV 1aXTLXrl xLVTJ~aToYQac.pLxil XQLTLXil OTnV £c.pn[.lEQi,ba eeocasovtxn, one; nOA '0WQEC; XaL JtOA uJtQ60wmc; VUX,{EQL VEe; ouSllTrlOE~~. orn 6Exan;La rou '60, oc.puQT]AaT1]OE XaL 6LE'0QUVE 1:0 n:clHo~ TWV VEWV 8EOOetAOVLXLcDV YLa 'LOV noionxo XLVT]~a10YQaqio, Av 0 A<i!lJtQor; rraJtaXQ6vYJ~ EJtEAEI;E EXtOTE 1TJ OLwmj Xat TTj c.puYrl, OOOL 6Ex1ljXav 10 y6VL[.l0 JtQoj3All!lano[.lO tou, EUYVcD~OYES, Sa nQEJtEL Vet XQUTnOOUV SWVTava rc ~ljV'0[.latcl rou !lEO'a uno TY] OYJ[.lOOLOJtOLYJOn 1WV clYVWOTWV XEL!lEVWV TOll nou UVTEXOUV O'TO XQOVO xm [.lLXQULVOUV TT]V aJt60TaoYJ us TYJ xa[.lEVll nsQI,OOO TWV «eQaVLWV» 'LOU NTOQE.

2:TO n:clQXO tTJr; XANe, nou cptAO'!;EVljOE TO reQcDTO Yiln:EOO noooOCPULQOU 10t) L01:0QLXOU a8AYJtLXo'0 O'uAA6you «HoaxAils» xaL TO [.laQ[.lUQLVO aVOQLCtvTa T01.1 j3UOLALCt KWVOTUVTLVOU, rtou ESOj3£ALOTYJXE O'{T]V JtAaLELuAlJ[.loxQarLu~, [.lEta TO 1969xa8wav EQWTEl)[.lEVOL XaL xaOO[.lEQTJOEr;, oxouvovu«; cno TO. !lEyac.pwva HuV ava- 1lJUXTYJQLWV 6AU rc ~OUSE TTjr; !lEtanOAE~LXr)e; oLOxoYQac.pL(l~. IILx-aJt XaL TSOUX [.lJtOS, to, nEQLcpT][.lU ljAEXTQ6c.pwvu rtou EXaV(lV TT]V qLc.pavw1] 1:OU~ YUQw 010 1960, ~ETb5Loav TQayouDLa tou BeOLAT] TOLTOaVT], tou MavcDAlj XLW1T], rou fLcDQ,/OU Zcurcerc, rou VEOU x'0!latoC;, rou L\n~ou MO'0TOT], rcu MaVOl) Ao'esou, rou Mi-

124

125

1J,1) KOUYLOUIJ,1~i), tOU Movou Xm~L6aXL, 'tOU :LWUQOU 3aQxaXOU, ron XQi)mou Aeovm, 'tOU ALOvUOll :LaBB6nouAou, 'tOU MLXll E>EoOwQaX1). ITEQLJ1tU~£L~, qlLALa, A6yw XaL BA£l-tlJ,ma ELVaL l;,Ul-twl-t£ya I-tE OtLXOU~ XaL I-t0UOLXES; 11;OU aX01)YOV1av an6 'tOY 2:1£ALo Ka~aV'r~L611, 'tOY [QllYO(1) Mm8LxWWll, 11) :LwtllQLa Mn£Uou, 'tOY 2:nuQo Zovoooto, 111 fL<.i:na Au6w, rnv IT6Au ITaYOU, 'tll MaL(1) Atvtn, 'tll MaQLVEAAa, tOY I'urvvn ITouAOnouAo, 1Y] Btxu MOOXOALOU, 'tOY Ildvo [aBaAa, 10V Mnrium] TOEt[Yy], 'tOY fLavvY] KaAa1l;iJ, 10Y fLcDQYo N'taAaQa, tOY IToA Avxn, tOY Avrouo, 'tov Ilentvo Nn KanQL ...

rov EQwro rou Q~ ipox: vDvvt:vn

unootra» at: uatux nov ax6Qraya xo~rovw:.

K~ 6AO TO xaoxo yivfTm nQarrjQw,

nov (3yat;e~ oro ocpvQi Tr/V naQ()t:v~o rou

To I-tEyaAu1EQO naQxo tllS; n6AY]S;, 'to :raQxo 1y]S; XANe, rtou YLa 10Y [LOJQYO Icorrvvou «ELYaL rrOAu mo EQw'tLx6, ue t1)Y E:VVOLo. 'ty]~ ~IJ,EQa&~£ XaL tY]£ o.v8QcDm,Yll£ xatao'to.ollS;», ouyxQLY61J,EVO I-tE aAAa rraQxa 't1)£ 0woaAovLxll£ XaL HI£ A8tlva£, CPW'tLOIJ..£vo XaL rrEQLrrOLllI-tEVO, I-tETCt Tlll-tETaCPOQU XaL TOU I-tL~EQOU orl!wnxou 1;,wOAOYL~OU xi)nou oro LELXLOU, EXaoE mv naAL6TEQll a LYAlj Tll£ f..lEQa£, cnou OUYXEVTQcDvOVtav 6LacpoQoL runot, urrllQETQLoUAE£ XaL vEaQE£ l-taIJ,CtOES; xm 'to BQac)1J IJ,E TOY avurraQxm qxottouo usTaBaAA6'tav OE EXTETo.lJ,EVO EQwTcDya.

To, EQW'tLXa OQcDl-tEva oro rrCtQxo, nQLY anoxa8aQ8EL XaL «a;LOrrOL1l8d», anY]Xd 'to OIJ,WVUI-tO rrO(1)f..la 1:OU NTLVOU Xcurnovo, nousoi»

Ma TO nQwi (Ja ' Q()n TO avvt:Qyt:io

TOV Ll nuo», (3wonxo va xa(JoQion'

TTl'; vVXTOq TO n:xf1rlQw flat;t:vovrm, uavtisu: (3Qof1~xa, xaQua raaAaXW{U~vO - va 'Q()n rlAWq, va ' Q()ouv m nmOt6,

va nai[;ovv ara AOVAOVDtO avunoipiaata .'

H naQm081)1:Lxi) naQCtooo1) rou XcDQou JtEQL~ tOU AEUXOU IIuQyou aVaBLWVEL w£ 'tL£ I-tEQE£ lJ,a£ I-tE OXA llQU vaQxwtLxa YUQw orto TOUS; OXOTELVOU£ TOLXOU£ TOU BaOLALxou 0cCtTQOU XaL TTjV nAarstc Err' ovouo.n 10U MaXECOVO[.laxou 0't1) L1QcDIJ,vLtoa XaL a;LWlJ,anXOu rou f.lLxQaOWtLxou I-tEtcDrrou BACtOOTj TOLQOYLCtVvn, naQCt 'tY]V aOtUV0I-tLxi) JtaQEv6XATjOTj XaL 'tl] CLCtA U01) 1WV TEA,ElJ'taLWV YEaQcDv OIJ,UOWV, rtou nQOtLl-tllOaV YLa to Ecpi)[.lEQO E~Wvruvo tal;LOL tot»; UAA011£ OXLEQOU£ XaL onoxoouoix XcDQou£ T1)£ n6A,Y]~.

[JaQo:rrA~Of1EVa Y£Qovraxw xca vravra&£;, iuxoa na£&Ct nov xaitouv ora AOuAovOta xai XovAovQri';n&q xai uixooi aAnreq

ta nQwG v6 oroAtt;ovv£ TO naoxo

ue tnv a(Jwa rov£, [;evowmCt xa: ue rl1 cprwxew TOV£,.

Kt 0 !jAwq ACtf1JTf£ uta' a:rr' m cpuAAwflara, X~ oAa eiv' cooaia xai fltxQoaarLx6.

H AQwTorEAovscLvm Y] vE6'tEQllI-tEyaAT] JtAat£La tll£ E>cooaAoVLXlJ~, rtou naQa u£ fju~avnv['(ouoE~ nQo06'ljJEL£ XaL croec, ot OJtOLE~ EmBAi)8y]xav IJ,E'tO nOAEOOOIJ..LXO OXECLO ElJnQaQ, IJ,ETCt T1)V J(1.1Qxo.YLCt tau 1917, 8ul-t[~ouv nAa1ELE;; rou II aQwLou XaL t1);; PWlJ,ll£ 10U 190u cuovc,

IIoA£Oc61J0L XL aQXLTEXTOYc£ oXEo[aoav [.lLa ou'tLx6tQony] coXL tEXTOVLXl'J I-tE aVUI-t£LXTa 1-t0t(Ba crto IJEOoYELaXE£ nOAH;;, ~u~avnve; lJyi)IJE£ XaL EUQwna'CxE£ aQXLtExtOVLXE~ naQanOlJnE;;. H Bu~avnvl'J xat BaA,XavLxi) n6Al] crtouotcce crro to oXECLaOIJ6 XaL OL 010£;; I-tE to. xiovoxoovo XaL XCtnOLa naA,moXQWtwvLXCt 8wQCtXLa ore lJrtaAxovLa, CEV dVaL agxEta agXL1ExtaVLXa. XaL 6LaXOOIJl]'tLXCt (JToLxda YLa vo Ol]IJLouQyi)a01)v V16ma aQXLtExtaVLxi). «To 0XEcwonx6 anOtEA£Of.la ELVo.L coototc B1)~av'tLvo-L'taALxo XaL IJLa E~EuQwna·Caf..lEVlj EXOOXi) anOLxLo.xwv i) agaBLxwv

Ma orav neoe: 11 vVxra, aAitat;ouv oAa: uoinoa emxi VDvva XVXAOCPOQOVVE uboa. itoyuv AOYlCV vnoxetueva nuxo an' ta DtvrQa, xoOe nayx61-u xai (3woflO£,.

MovCtxa nov xm nov xova t;evyaQt

126

o 'EQw~ OXEnEL TlJV rtOAlJ

127

nQ0turtWV rt01J rtQOWOOUVTat W~ TOmXa xaQaXTlJQwnxa», ernOlJ!laLVU oU!lnzQaO!lcntxa 11 !lZAzTi)TQLa TlJ~ RlJQLXa'llOTlJ~ nOAEObO!lLa~ T11~ E>woaAov tXl] ~ AAExa K aQaoi) uou- I' EQOA U unou.

I1aQa TlJV I;EvoqJZQT11 zmf:kj3AlJ!lEVlJ aQXLtZXtoVLxi) , non 81l!lLl;EI rtaQtl;lavlxz~ rtAaTZLZ~ xct aqJQLXUVLXOU~ OQO!lOl.lS; TOU Mcooxou, lJ nAmZLa AQWTotEAOlI~, O'll)'XQLVO!lZVlJ us U£ axaAat08l]TZ£ ~!ZtanOAZ!lLXE~ rtOAUXaTOLXLZ£, cpaVTaSEL (J)~ uovcoixo al;LOBEato aQXlTzxTOVlX6 OUVOAO. Allti) lJ !lOQCPOAOYLXi) OV'Y'YEV£L(X us TlJV aQXl nXTovLXi) TWV nQOrtOAZ!lLXWV rt6AZ(J)V TlJS; E'llQwnlJ£ nQoozAxUZL OTa ~axaQonAa(lTda xm TO. nayxaxLa, aTZVLsov-ra£ TO E>zQ!laYx6, TOUQLOTZ£ xm !l6VL!lOUS; £11Q(J)naLou£ xo.totxouc 1:lJ£ rt6AlJ£.

H OlJ!lZQLvi) !loQCPi) T(J)V nQoOO'IjJz(J)v TlJ£ nAaTda£ AQL01:01EAOtl£, nou nQlv «no TlJV Jt1JQxaYLa xaAllnT6Tav coto oLwQocpa onLua!lz OTZVOU£ OQO!lO'll£, OAOXA11Qw8lJxZ !l6AL£ orn OEXaEtLa TOU '60. I1QlV an6 tOY n6AZ!l0 d.axwT(x otxorreo« zLxav XTLOTeL, EVW 1:0. Mo !lzyuAa xoLAa ol.lyxQ0ti)!lata rtou 0TZV£UOUV 1:lJV nAarete, X1:LOTlJXav 10 !lEV OZt;LO, nou otEyal;£L TOV XLVlJ!laT0YQacpo 0..:1. lJ/1JTWV, TO 1948- t 950 oe OXEOL(l TOll Zox Moot, to oz aQwTEQO, to I;ZVoooXdo H).ExTQa, !l6ALS; OTO TEAO£ Tl]S; bzxanLas; TOU '60ano aQXLTEXTOVE£ 1011 EOT. To. ZVOla!lWU oixorteo« CPLAOt;Evnoov Tuj3zQvaxLu, t,axaQonAu01du xm BEQL\1AS; XLVlj!laT0YQaCPO'llS;, !lfTaTQEnOVTas; TO. X(XAOX(XLQLa TTlV rtAaTdu, ctu; OExa£TLE~ TOll '50 XaL TOll '60, os uootoc TOU noorroxeiuxou xm !lETanOAE!lLXOU En TJV lXOU xm t;EVOU XL vruurt ovoorpou,

LT11V AQLOT01EAO'll~ AELTOl.IQ)'ouoav OL 8EQLVOL xLVll!latoYQaCPOL Ploy, H).1Jma, EUl1Vir;, Pt:l;xm ZE<pVQOr;nOlI ErtaLSUV xuQL(J)~ naALE~ SEVZ~ TmvLE~ ~tE TTlV Tl;Lv XaQAOO'll, TOV Xa~LCPQz'L Mn6yxcxQv1, tOY fxaQL K011rtEQ, TOV KAaQx fXEL!lnA, tOY 'EQoA tPAlV, TOV Zav I'xnurtev, TlJ PLTa XEL)'ouoQ8, TTJV fXQETo. fxaQurro, TOV TaLQov TIa01JEQ, tnv MOQLv 0' XaQa, tov Tsov fOUElV, TOV T~tL!lS; Kayxv(C, TOV T~EqlS; Nu V xm &At-.a OLuOll!la aOTEQLcx. Exd xm ot EAAlJVLXE£ LmvLES ue TOV BaOLAT] A'llAWvLT11, TOV BaOlAlJ Aoy08ETLolJ, rn fE(J)QYLa BaOLA£LaOO1J, TOV OQEOTlJ MaxQr], TOV NT L vo HAlonOUAo, T11 L f..l(XQouAa fLOUA n, TOV Ntxo LTauQLolJ, TOV fl.11!li)TQlJ XOQv xm mv 'EAAT] Aa~mETlJ.

H mo ELOUAAWXr] wQa Tll<; nAaTda£ rrtcv to lJAwf:3cxoLAZ!la, rtorv aQxLoouv OL tru VLE<;, orov xatEcp8avav yta BOA to. «rto TO XE-

VTQO TrjI; n6AlJ£ xm ru; f:36QELE~ ouvoixte; ~E1JyaQLa xm OLXOytVEL£~ ue !lLXQ& nm6ta, rtou xal;E1JaV OLa nQoXCLQa Ta!lnA6 !It: ru; cpu),(O)'QacpLES; T(J)V EQYWV, nQoXEL!lEVO'll va EmAEt;OUv TlJV 'tm vto, xm OTlJ OllVEX£La, coortou va nEOEL TO OXOTa()L, j30ALaQtsav OTT]V nAm£La xm tlJ Y£LTOVLXYt YtQ£!llJ rtooxuuctc, TQwyov'ta~ rmccreurto, OTQaYUAlCX xm f.taAAL TlJ~ YQLU£.

TTlV XLVlJ!laT0YQacpLxrj nAcnda eU~laTo.L!lf VOOTaA YLCX 0 OXlJVO- 8ttlJ~ fLavvlJ~ fl.aAwvLolJ~, nO\1 E~lJO£ nm6L, OTlJ bExanLa.. tOU , 40 xm AL yo. XQ6vLa uerc tOY E!lCPUALO, OTl']V AgLOTOT{;AOU~.

«Mixoo nau'ii Enm(;;a nOAv OTl'JV nAareia AQWTOTtAov~, tl onoic c(Xt: YVQw YVQ(O nevt« Oeoiva oiveua. TOTt: (Ja ustooouo« va rao nox; aQxwav ot XLV11l.wToYQa<ptXEr; uo» ovnauxiei; Ma..:1.k am, 0 u'5wXTljTr}r; TWV HA ucuov ijwv <piAor; TOll nateoa uo» 'XL etoi, cato Us nevre TO anoveinui, XAt:tW)f10llV ueoo OTOV xivnuatovoaao axolln{(;;ovTa~ xac toxtonoubvtai; n; xaQfxAu; yw va EI;aa<paAiow T(;;aj).na eioooo. Ka(Jt: {3Qabv f(3).fJra ro iou: tQYo, Of1Wr; c5t:v ue nEiQa(;;t:: xat. flOVO nou lImlQxav fLX()Vt:; oro navi, f10U eanxxve. ME(Jovaa,»

Ot (:rtLj3£j3AlJ!ltvf£ nQoOl)'ljJt:L~ tT]£ nAat£La£ rtou xm nou xaTaXAUSOVTCXL crro av8Qwnou£ nou bWAUO'llV to. xQua !lJtaAx6vl(J. XCiL to. QEtLQE: oe JtOALTLXES; OlIYXEVtQWOEll; Xnt oUAAaATJtYtQLa. H ruo ygacplxrj naQOlIola 011!lELw8lJXE OTO OUnaA11Tf]QLO tlJ<; 15lJ£ <PEj3QollaQLo1J 1992 )'ta TO ovouo T(J)V LXOJtl(J)V, orov OtT]V XOLAlJ oQoCPrj 'IOU sEvOi)0XElOU HAfXTQCf JtaQaTax6lJxav, (1)£ ~auQTJ ~wV11 ue xuaV6AEUX01J<; X\'!laTLO!101'£, ~lj1QOnoALTE<; TlJ~ McxeoovLas;, ayLOQdt£~ l]YOU!l£VOL, !lOVaxoL xru a~L011OtaXa XcxAoYEQaXLa tlJ~ ev TW Avtco 'OQEL A8(J)VLai'J0S, LXOAf]~.

To. !lnaAx6vLa TlJS; JtAatda~ AQLOTOtEA01J~, !lEtaSU 'IOU nQ(hTOU xm TQLTOli oooqou, otxtT]xav oAml<; TOU~ ~lEmJtoAE!-lLXOU~ XO~L!latLXOU~ aQXlJYou~ OUS; xOQucpaLE~ nQoExAoYLXE£ OllYXEvTQ<i)O£LS, tlJ£ E>£OoaAOVLXlJS,. Ot rno OlIXVf<; 8tO£L~ nov O~LLAlJt<.i)V ijTCXV lJ 01JtLXf] nQ6oo'!1T] TlJ~ JtAaTda~ XaL TO. ~l:rtcxAx6vw TOU SEvoooXdou HA£XTQa nou dxav BEa nQO~ rnv nAatdcx xm rnv 006 AQL<JTOTEAO'll<;. LtlJ O£XafTLa rou '80, rtou XOQllcpw8ljX£ 0 tlJAEOJttLXO~ £VTUJI(J)OLao~6<; T(J)V nOALTLXWV O'llYXEVTQcl)O((J)V, ornvovrov OTlJV nAaTda tEQaOTL£<; ESEOQ£~ oncu lJ rtQOOtYYLOT] TWV no-

128

ALUXWV aQXllYwv YLVOtav 11£ ouoxoALa IlEOa cno rc naQaAllQouVLa nAt']811Il£ ne; nAaonxEt; ol1llaL£<;.

l1EQa crto ru; ouyx£VtQWOEL<; tWV ll£yuAwv xouucrcov, n nAaTELa AQwtoTEAoue; £JtLAEynm xu8£ XQovo we; acp£TnQLa YLa n<; nOQ£L£e; Tn<; l1QWtOllaYLu<; XaL tOU 110Aut£Xvdou, onou EQWTa<; XaL £JtavuOtCWll ouvoooutooouv. AXOlln nQooEAXUEL OA£e; ne; aVOLXTEe; OQaotllQLOTnT£<; Tn<; ltOAne;, xun£vLvyx, 1l0UOLXEe; EXOnAWou<; XaL oLxoAoYLxEe; xa!lJTuvu:e;. 'GAOL OL OQyavWTE<; TWV OUYXEvtQWOEWV stovtnooov XaL OTO 1l0VLIlO oxcuoto aXQoaTt']QLo rtou Xa8ETaL Qa8UWl TO. unoYEUWl.Ta TWV YAUXWV £JtOXwv ore out;;EQL XaL to. t;;axaQonAaoTda Tn<; nAatELae;. To. TQamt;;axLu XQWJLIlOnOLOuouv we; uAA08L ow; nOALTLxE<; OUYXEVtQWO£L<; XaL ExuTovTaO£t; XQUCPOL oncoot aQwTEQwV XUQLW<; xouurrrorv, rtou C1.nEcpE1Jyav v« od~ouv C1.VOLXTa nc; LO£OAoYLxE<; n£JtOL8t']o€Le; LOUe;.

TLC; aAA£<; IlEgEe;, Yl nvoLXTt'] nAaTcLa IlE rnv aUQa 1:11e; 8aAaooa<; nUQa[1EVEL t']QEIl11 XaL EQWtLXt']. LTa TQamt;;uxLu n01) TnV nEQLSuAAOuv, nrto [1ltuQ, t;;C1.xaQonAaotdu, eorurrooux, mtOaQLEe; XaL ou1;,EQL, xmaAt']youv, IlCOllllEgw XaL SQuow, vEaga t;;EUYUQLU, IlaIlUOEC; rtou nUQaxoAou80uv ro naLOLa vc nai,t;;ouv orov ollCPaA6 tn<; nAa'tf:Lu<;, oxamuQXEe; lla811TEC; coto OUVOLXWXU oxoAda, GtEQ11IlEVOL EJtCl.QXLclHEC;, llALxLwllEva 1;,EuyuQLa, (3Lt;;L TOUOEC;, xnIlUXLa xru TOUQL01:Ee;.

H ltAun:La EA£v8fQias;unt']Q~E WtoQLXt'] :.ltAatda uno tnV (,oQuot'] T11C;, nUAll triO:; 8EOoaAov(,xns uno tn 8uAuoou, nQW IlETaTQand OE uouvro EAEYXoW:vo n6.QxLvyX a1.)10XLvi!tWV. T11 OTEVi! nAutELa A~f1JCfQTE, [1£ ta llaQllagLvu tgCl.m1;.uxLa OTO :.ltAaxoOTQWtO, aVTtXQL1;.av oi Em(36.TEe; tWV nAoLwv nou xUTEBmvav Ot11V nooXU [1aLa tlle;, orov n nOA11 £tXE :.ltQoonEAUon orro T11 86.Auooa.

::ETnv ano(3a8Qa Ecpwvuv IlE IlLXQES f3aQx£C; OL EJtLf1UTEe; tWV aTllonAoLwv nrro toy ITaQma, rnv Krovrrtcvrwouaoxn, tn ::EIlUQVll XaL to EUQwna'CxCt ALllavLu, rtou Eo£vav llaXQLCt orro TnV nQoxwaLa, A6yw TOU IlLXQOV (36.80u<; TYle; 86.Aaooa<;. ME ne; BaQXEe; nQoooQIlL0111xav otrrv nAaTELa f}aoLAELC;, nQw8unouQyoL, otQatrlYoL, oLnAwllaTEC;, EllnoQoL XaL ciLao11IlOL XaAALTExVEe; rtou EJtLOxEqn11xav atllonAo'Cxw<; Tn 8EOoaAovLX11· H uno(3a8Qa, IlLa OQ80ywvLa nELQLvll E~E6Qa OT11 9aAaOOa, dXE Mo nEQLTExva ~u-

o 'EQwe; OXEnEL T11v nOA11

129

ALva xLOOXta nou E~un11QETOuoav TOUe; tEAwv£LaxOUe; EAEYXoue; TWV Em(3a1wv, EXEL ortou ot']W:Qa anOllaxoL '\jJaQuOEe; nouAouv Ila[10UVLa YLa EQaOL TEXVEC; aALELe; TOU 0EQlla'Cxou XaL tlle; XaAxLo LXi!C;.

H nAatda EAEU8EQLUe; oLaVOLXTllXE TO 1867, Ilat;;( IlE rnv OOLXt'] nQoExtaoi) 1:nc;, TnV 006 ::EullnQt Iluoo, tn Ol']IlEQLVi) 006 BEVLt;;EAOu, tOY XEVTQLXO oQOIlO tne; ayoQae;, YEVVi)tOQCI. OQOIlO TOU EllnoQLxou XEVTQOU 1:nt; 8EOoaAovLxl']C;. 'Htov Eva nAatu naQa- 8uACtOCJLO Tllrlf,J.a TOU oQOf,J.OU rtou ovountorov 'GAUf,J.nOe; cno to naQuxdllEVO sEVOOOXElo, we; TO 1908, orov ue Tl']V encvccrcon TWV N£OTOUQXWV IlETOVOllaOtl']XE OE nAaTELU EA£u9EQLae;. ::E£ EV- 80UOLWOn OUYXEvtQWOn OTO XWQo Tl']e;, 'tOY IOUALO rou 1908, oAoe; o Aaoe; Tl']<; 8cooaAOVLXTJe; q)(ovat;;ovtae; «Y asasin hurri yet» (ZijTW n EAEu8EQla) aXOUOE Tl']V naQanAaVnnxt'] o Laxi) QUsl'] TWV N£OtouQxwv yw tTJ ouva6EAcpwoT] TWV E8vLXOTi]tWV, rnv EAEU8EQLU OAWV, TTJV iootntn XaL TnV naQoxi) ouvTaYf,J.aToc;.

Arto to tEA n TOU nEQuollEVOU cuovc we; tT]V JTuQXUY La tOU 1917 T] JTAa'tELU EAEu8EQLae; f,J.E to. nOAuTEAi) t;;axaQoJTAU(JTELa, SEVOOoXdu XaL EllnoQLxa xUTaoTi)IlUTa aJTOtEAEOE TTJV tUUTOOn[1TJ IlE TnV nOAT] :.ltAutELa, EUQwnu'Cxo saqJvLaOf,J.a YLa TOUe; cvonorcroix TaStOtWtEt; 'tl']C; BaAxavLX'r'je;. H f,J.LXQi) nAatEla ownlQT]OE mL 010- xuntEe; TO xoouonoxmxo XAL[1U ana EYLVE OLUOl']Ill'] 1l0ALe; oro TEAOC; TOU :JtQwwu ncvxooiuoo nOAEllou, orcv 6TJIlOOLOYQCtcpoL, urWllvT]1l0VEullat0YQacpm xm ororrrsuuevot xaAALTEXVEC; XaL CPWTOYQCtqJOL, nou ouxva1;.av EXEL ow oLaAELIlf,J.U'ta TWV ouyxQouOEWV tOU MaxEoovLXOU Merontou, IlE tLC; :JtEQLYQUcpEe;, xm tLe; qJwtoYQaqJLEe; TOUe;, TT]V exovov vvoxrrn 0' OAOV TOV XOOf,J.o. I'to rou; SEVOUC; O'tQanwTEC;, l'] nAU'tda EA£'I.J8£QLae; ntov TO «8EUf,J.a Tne; 8EOoaAovtXT]9>, to «naAxoOEVLXO TT]C; nOAl']e;», «TO mo qnyouQcno IlEQoe; YLa QaV't£i3ou», «f,J.EYUAn OXT]Vi) 8ECtTQOU», to XEVTQO TTJe; XOOIlLxi)<; t;;w'rie; XaL rou EQWTa tYle; 8EOoaAovLXT]e;.

rUQW osto Tl'] IlLXQrl nAGtELu, oxou EOTQLf}E to roou, AEL TOUQYT]nov nOAAa SEVOOOXELa, OAV{1:rrOs IIaUIs, I{1:rreQWA, P6{1a, M:rrQiaroA, OreA Nt:' AVYXAereQ, rtou xal']xCl.v OTT]V nUQxaytCt TOU 1917. A vsncco crto TT]V :.ltuQWl'] AaLAaJTU rWQEIlEL V£ f,J.OVO we; XTLQLO XaL ovouo 10 E!lJtOQLXO XaL XOOIlLXO xaTCtOTT]f,J.a ::ETULV, xaQT] OTa oUyXQova OLXOOOf,J.LXa UALxallE rc ortoto ntov XtLOf,J.Evo. Tnv xOOllonoALnxT] atllooq:lGLQa Tne; nAatELae; 8EAl']OE va 6WTT]Qt']OEL

I :1

130

to i;£voooxELO Put; nou XTLOTnX£ ~JE(a TnV nUQxaYLa XaL orsvnoe TO Y£Q!WVLx6 OTQaTnYELO OT11v KmoxiJ, aAAa [.I.£tCmOA£[.I.LXa xoTEoa<pLOT11XE naQaxwQwvto:t; TO XWQO TOU OE JtOAUWQ0<P11 nOAl'x01:OLxLa.

To OLa011[.l.6T£QO cno to: xa<pE Tnt; JtAatELae;, 6nwt; J[aQOUOLa~ETal ono rou; i;evoue; 8a[.l.WVEt; nou tYQa\jJav YL' aUTi]v XaL uete<pQaoE 0 2:6.x11C; LEQtcpae;, nrcv TO xacpE~axaQonAaOTdo !l>A6xa, 11 Patisserie Floka "[11t; EmYQa<pi]e;, JtOU avoLi;E to 1896 XaL xcrooTQacp11xE ornv JtuQxaYLa. 'Htuv "TO mo £x8a~[3wTLx6 an' 6AU r« cafes», «11 xOQu<paLa mQui;L6v T11e; BEvL~eAou», TO «ruo I'lLao11- [10 ~eQot; TWV QavTE(3ou 0"[11 LUAOVLXll»· YmQ[3oALxoL xaQaX'T11- QW~OL nOAE~LO"[WV rtou evronuxnorrrnxuv uno T11v xOOIlOJtOALtLX11 xL V11011 TOU E"TEQ6xA11lOU JtAn8011e; T11e; nAaTeLac; XaL "[11V EQW"[Lxi) nQoocpoQa uno vrorue; xm i;tvEe; yUVULXEt;, aOEAcpec; vocoX6IlEe; ron EXO"[Qa.L£UtLXOU otoucroc, Xant TEXVLOEC; XaL n6QVEe;.

Meta TnV JtUQXUYLa, to oxecw E~nQaQ e<pEQE TnV JtA(n;ELU OLLt; OnIlEQLvte; CLUOTa.OELe; Tne;, ana nO"[E CEV [.tJtOQWE vc i;(1VaxEQ6LOEL t11v rruALa. cpi)[.I.n T11£. Lto ~tWOrr6AE[.t0, [.I.E TQa.JtE~Ee; XCtL YLuma YUQW YUQW, i)TUV UVOLXti) aAaV(1 yw nOALTLXEC; otlYXEVTQwoac; XaL TO. OUAA.aAnTi)QW TOU CtL[.tatl1Qou Man TOll '36, £vw one; 1, IOUAL01J TOU 1942 O"[l1V nAUt£LU EAEu8EQLuC; ouyxEvtQw811XUV orro roue va~L 9.000 E[3QaLOL t11C; JtOAnC; YLa vc xamYQucpollv OL txnvot ytU xmuvayxuoLLxa. EQYU a.VOQEC;. H OAOi)~tEQ11 rruQu[.I.ovi) orov xcuccovn, OL Ei;E1I"[EAW[.I.oL xm to (3o.oavLoTiJQLU TWV va~L, JtQ06.YYEAOL rou oAoxauH.inWtoe;, EXOlIV 0<PQUYLOEL f.lE TQaYLxec; [.lVi)[.lEt; TnV nAaTELa.

H nAUTELa EAEU8EQLUe;, rtou ~E1UTQ6.Jt11XE OE acpE"[l1QL(1 aOTLxwv AEW<POQELwv xm XWQo ma8[.lElI0ne;, OE 8U~L~EL tLrrOTa uno TO naQEA86v T11e;, EXT6C; crro TO ovouc TOU EOTLatoQL011 Er6L vrtou OTEya~t:TaL OTO JtUAL6TEQO OW~6IlEVO xTLQLO-(.taQTUQa TWV OQW~EVWV Tne; nAaTdac;.

AIIO TO MIIEXT2:INAP QL TO fKETO TQN EBPAIQN

ric mud xaAo1{atQ!duxl] eoneoa JrAaL ora rpV)(W. xai m /36waAa r!J~ JraQaAia~ tou MJtfxrmvaQ.

AEAN"'POI BAZAKAI Knno; flQtyxr/Jr(J)v

X o.QLw; XaL EL611AALaxoc; TOJWe;, XWQoe; £QWTWV xm (1VU- 1VuxiJe; nrcv we; to i'JEuTEQO JtOAE~O 0 K nrroe; TWV IIQLyxLrtcov, YVWOTOC; we; MJtEXTCJLvaQ, tvae; naQa6£L00e; [.lEO(1 OT11 r)LO~l1XuvLxi) JtEQLOXi), TOrrWVU[.lLO JWU tXEL aVTLXUtaoro.8El, otu; [.lEQEe; [.lue; ue ta ouowvu~a «2.:<payda».

o UVLOTOQ11TOe; JtEQLnaT11Ti)e; Tne; 060v 2611e; OxTW[3QLOU OT11 AuTLxi) E>wOQAOVLXl1, aVo.!AHJa OTO AL[.lo.VL, "ta [3UQOOOHjJELQ XaL TOV naALo OL('ry]QooQo~LXO OTu8[.l6, aOUVaTEL vc nELOtEL OTL xc:nw nrto [.taVtQEC; OLXOOO[.lLXWV UALXWV, xovoQE~oQLou XaL UVLaAAUXT~xwv «utoxt viJtCDV, (3LOtEXVLWV XCtL EQELJtCD!ltvwv EQ'I00TUoLwv, UJtl'jQXE OAO to tEAEUtULO tercoro rou nEQUO!lEVOU cuovc xm TO rrQw"to ~L06 rou ELXOOT01J, OXLEQOe; XWQoe; !lE JtAaLaVW (TOUQXL(aL TOLVeXQ, E~OU XaL TO ovouo), nOAu6EVtQO nOQxo ava\jJuxne; ~E Ei;wtLXo. cpu"[a xm AOUA01JOLU, onou XaLEcp8uvav OL eWoaAOVLXEL~ yw va OLUOXEOeXOOUV ue OQxi]OTQEe; xm we; JtLX VLX ytU OLXOytVELEe; xm ~EuyaQLa, [.I.E to '(QaIA T11t; novco YQU[.l~i]e; «MrrEX"tOLvaQ» we; 10 1912 XaL «XaQLAaou - Krpto; TWV IIQLyxLJtwv» [.leta rnv uJtEA£u8£QWOll·

H ToJt08EOLU MJ1EXTOL vaQ i)Tav YVWOti) we; <pUOLXi) nUQaoELOLU

132

o 'Egw~ OX£JtEL rnv n6ATJ

133

n€gLOxij nrto rc xgovLa tTJ~ l'AleTJVLXij~ £Jtavc((JtaOTJ~, W JtTJyij, nf"at6.vLCl XaL OTgatWVLO!J,{oVO navooxdo, ono»; aVacpEgouv OTa cnouvnuoveeurrr« tOU~ OL aywvLOtE~ NLXOAaO~ K(WO~OUATJC; XaL 2:tECPClVO~ KaAa~(6a~. Q~ €AEYX61l€vo~ XWQo~ ClVU1.jJ1JXij~ to MnEXtOLVaQ oQyavwElTJXE to 1867 crto tOY 08wIlavo nEQLcp€Q€LaQXTJ lTJ~ Moxeoovtor; 2:a~nQ( Ilnoc, ~E to ovouo «IlLMt llJtal;£at», £eVLXO~ xr]noc; 6TJAa6ij, tTJV €noXr] lTJC; Oew~avLxij~ rrooonc- 8Ha~ yw tOY €xoUYXQOVLOIlO tTJ~ nOATJ~, ~a~L IlE to yxgEIlLolla tal) 8aA6.ooLOl) lELXOl)~, tTJ OtanAaTUvOTJ X€VtQLXWV ogollwv 'tTJ~ nOATJe; XaL 10 anAWlla xmOLxwvxaL6QaotTJQLOtr]lWV EI;W ano ta j3l)~aVtLva TELX1] lTJ~ eWOClAOVLX1]e;.

YQall!lij, nClQaxA6.oL rou 8QUALX01J «OQL<lV EsnQEe;», XaL xcrco ano Ta j3a8uoxLa nAmavLCl YE1J!l6.no£ TO 1895 TO j3aOLALxo ~EUyoC; lTJC; 2:EQj3tac; AAEl;aVOQOC; XaL !lQaya Oj3QEVOj3L rc; CPLAOI;EVOU!lEVOL orro rov i3aAr] PL~a Ilcon.

2:tL~ aQXE~ lOU «uov« TO MnEXlOLvaQ ELX£ xa8LEQw8d W~ T6- rror; OLaOXEOa01]e; xru OLE8ET£ xacpC:VELO, !lJtLQaQLa, WtLm6QLO, xallrraQE, rucro rranva~ XaL lley6.AO Aouva naQx IlE XOUVLEe;, TQallnaAEC; XClL JtEQLOTQECP61lEVTJ XOUVLa, aAlea xm 8EatQLXr] OX1]vr] YLa nonOue; rrEQLcpEQOIlEVOUe; !:ho.ooue; (JJt' 6ATJ T1]V EUQwnl1.

«To MnEXfm vaQ titav tva~ .ueydAO~ nt:QtrpQay.utvor; X(bQo~ oinAa otn 8aAaaaa, f1,C fJ,t:yaAa btvrQa, ue aV8W.uEVOVr; xnxoi»; f1,C oivtouiavia veuata XQvo61jJaQa sa tva Aovva nao« ue XOVVtE~ xai ClAoyaTaxw», YQucpn YLa TOV «Jt(Jgo.ouoo !lEOa OU] j3LO~1]xavLXij nEg LOxij » Y] EAEU8EQLa !lQoao.xn. «2:x6Qnw uec« ore btvrQa iJrav xrw.utva am taxux e.;aywva, oav naQa{.w8Evw, xiooxux xai unooteva ue axaAon6na xai naQa';evEr; aTfyer;.

»Tu; T}At6AOVOTEt; fJ,E(}er; rov Xct.uwva xm 6AO TO xaAoxa{Qt, afJ,ETQ1Jror; »oouo; eQx6rav fJ,E toau. via steotnato iJ yw ustavio otnv ouoocn; aXQOYWAta, nov ott; uux rrtr; aXQrJ trtav ot xauittvet; AOVOp,evwv avoQwv xm ctnv aU T} aXQ1} TWV YVVatxwv. A vaueoa rovr; nl1yatVoEQX6rav.ue {36Qxa eva~ vavTI1r; TOV AL.uEVOQXciov yw T1] owrpvAa';1] TT}t; «T}thxiJr;». 'Brat, oxoioi; f;;WflQOVAT}t; roA.uovas va fJ,JTeL ora vnvcuxeia XUJQtxavoam xat va xavH nr; yvvaixer; va !:;erpwvif;;ovv 6Aet; p,af;;i aav va E{3AEnav xaQxaQia, avn.ut:Twml;;e TO ALp,t:vaQXEio xai nr; ovvexeie; Tflt; naQ6(3aoT}t;. Ot xausti vcr; r1mv ,;VALVer; xcu ueoa otn e6Aaaaa. 'Htav OTI1{LEVf~ n6vw oe nacotiscn»; xca 11 xaeEp,la fiXE xaranoxTiJ pfaxaAiraa, vto va xarEj3ai vovv oi AOVOf.lEVEr; va x6vovv fJ,JT6VlO orn aXla xat va p,EVOVV Afvxer; "waav rrz »oiva", 6nwr; TO axattocae fI p,60a Tnr; EnOxr1t;·»

«Dmv exeqne TO ooiioouxo», 8U~o.TaL 0 fLWQyoe; 2:1a~rrouAi]e;, «o: Olaf{loQEr; nooee; nov auxvaf;;av oro xtvrQo MJfExrmvaQ, voixuxlsxv {36Qu£l; nov iJrav aTOAW{L£Vfr; W tpavaoaxux Xat excuvav tu; oouavttxei; f30ArSr; TOVr;, ue rpEyyaQaoa, OJfWr; fAEyay rors, O[ WV XQwnovoi W xdJ6QEr; xai uavtosiva, TQayov(5wvra; ra rQayov(5w rnr; r6TE EJfOxiJr;, ra Oe toooxoxux W myna, oavtouoia xai j3WAL6 xca 6Aa aoi« itoo; reQ 1./) [ v xai ayaAAiaOl v TOW tkuubvcov 6X[ uovo TOV uiJnov aAAa xai TOW Jro?vrdwv XEVTQWV Tn~ JfaQa}dar; xat rrov neocnarnubv.»

2:tO MJtExtOLvaQ, W~ OQOOl:QO al;L08EaTO T1]~ rr6A1]e;, naQE8c:a€ YEUIlU 0 oElw!J,avo~ OLOLXY]tr]~ OTOU~ U\(Jl)AOUe; xaAEOIlEVOUe; T1']~ EUQwrr1]e; rtou Ecp8aoav !l€ to rrQWTO TQEVO OT1] E>woaAoybtn, TO xUAoxaLQL TOU 1888, EYXaLVLutovTa;; rn YEa OLOnOOOQO~Lxi]

METo. T11V C1,J[fAEU8EQW0l1, 10 1913, TO E8YLX6 rro.Qxo TCOV 08w~aVf.0V usrovoudornxa, Ilf AC(LX6 o LaYWVLOIlO «rro TOU;; OWXfLQLOTE~ lOU, !lEOW Tl)S; ECPy]!lEQt6ae; AMj8fW, OE Krpto TWV nQLYXLmov, nQOS; TLIli]v TWV JtaLOLWV rne; ~amALXnS; OlXOYEYUas; TOU TeWQYLOU A', stou dXE !J,ETaXO!lLOEL orto 'tOV OXtw~QLO TOU 1912 otn GWOUAovi,Xy] xm OUXV(J~E oro MnEXTmvuQ. 2:Ta TaxuoQo~LXCt OfATo.QL(J TY]e; EJ10xi]c; 0 xi]noc; T0.)V nQL YXLJtWV avuYQacpowv YaAALOTL «ZaQvTEv VTE nQEVe;~~ XaL TOUQXLOTL «ilQfOAEQ ~ayTOLOL».

L'tOV E8vLX6 xijno YL6QTaof YLU rrOWTl) CPOQo. TO 1910 T1]V fQyaTLxr] nQWTo~aYLo.,~c OLUJtQUOL01Je; A6yous, X6XXL VEe; oY]~aLEe; XaL tQaYOUOLU, TJ OOOLaALOtLXtl EQyatLX'rl OQYo.vWOy] «<DEvlEgaoLOV.>~ TOU A~Ouo.1l Mnevnoovto.. To MrrEXTOLvaQ, rraQu TOY coio roxQanx6 xaQaxti]Qa rou XWQOU, OUYXEVTQWVE mv l'QY('(TLCx tY]S; rr6AY]e; XaL OTO XallEvO E8vLXO xtlJto nXy]OE yw JtQW1Y] CPOQo. orto TOUS; Ei30atous; EOyo.n:S; TO LtaALXO tgaYOUOL Aj3avH nOJfOAO, 10 OLE8vEC; mavaotanx61QUYOUOL TWV aY(DVWY TY]e; EQyana~ OTO !lEOOJT6AE~O.

134

135

LUIV n£QLOOO TOll Mmt£OOVLXOU M£T(J)JtOll, a~LW!,WTLXOL TT]e; LTQCmae; tT]e; AvatoAi}e;, 1(011 ouxva1;av wc; aQy6oxoAOL us cvcoOWtLxi) i] XUVOVLXi} aOELU, nQOoELAXllUV OW XU~UQE Xat TU osnaOE toll naQXOll ~£m:o~EVEe; UQLoTOXQanOOEe; TT]t; EllQUmT]C; Xat n6QVEC; rtou nAOUn~UV coto TO Ecpi}!lEQO Enayy£A~u i} !l£ TT]V £QW~ nxi] nQ6cpaoT] ollVEQYOUoUV ~nT]V XUTuoXOnEllTLxi] OLUOLXUoLU TWV ~£T6mo8Ev.

METa TO 1920, 6TUV uno~uxQUV8T]XE TO En:Q6xA nro nA i]8oe; T11e; OTQunac; TT]C; AVaTOAi]e;, TOV Krpto TWV IIQLyxLn(J;)v EJtLOXEntoVTUV ~£OoUOToL XaL OTT] OEXUETLu TOll '30 nQ6ocpllYEe; coto TOV II ovro, T11V Irovto Xat TT] E>Qo.XT], nou xcnE~at vov crto TOlIC; yELTOVLXOUe; JtQOoCPllYLXOUe; OllVOLXWI-.LOUe; OTT]V J1EQLoxi), xaEkoc; TOlle; 8U~L~E ne; aXTEe; TWV XU!lEVWV naTQLo(J;)v. LTT]V naQUALn TOll MnExTOLvaQ AEL tOUQY110E to 1926 XaL TO nQwto otOat6nEoo Y1JI-.LVLOTWVan6 LTaA6 YLmQ6, rtou Ecpo.QI-.LO~£ TT] YEa oWl-.Lanxi] aywyi] Xat TT]V d.Eu8EOT] cplJolOACnoda, aAAa La ouvrnonnx« i]8T] EW:QyonOlT]OaV ne; EXXAT]maOnXEe; XaL UOtlJVOI-.LLXEC; aQXEe; XaL OLEAlloav toy enrrvcctcmxo OUAAOYO OTOV onoto Elxav EYYQacpEt navw uno rtsvnvro VE:Ql nIt; E>wouAOV(,XT]e;.

i\LYo nQLv orto TO 0£1Jt£QO nOA£!lO, OLaV T] XOOI-.LLXi) xtvncn I-.LEnnonLOT11X£ OT11V aV<t10ALXi} GW(JnAoVLXT], TO MnEXWLvaQ o.QXLOE vc JtOALOQXEL tru crto BLO~nXUVLXEC; 1l0vaOEe; XaL ornv nUQaALaXi] TOll ~(OVrl vc EnEX1£L VOVTCt.L OL EYXCt.TaotaO£Le; ~Oll A LI-.Lav LOU IlE 1T]V (lVEYEQOn !lEyaAwv JtETQEAaLOO£~(q,.lEVWV. Tn xaQwtLxi) BOAi] Eowoav orov Knrto OtT] oLaQxELCt tnc; K(HOXi)C; OL I'eouovot rtou OTH.lLOUQynoav ow MrrEXTOL vaQ an08T]X£ll1LXOUe; XWQOlle; nOAEI-.LLXOUUALXOU.

H l-.L£wnOAEI-.LLxi] EyxanlAELlilTJ TOll Krptou, T] arrQoYQal-.L~anOTT] EYXOTaotaoy] BLOI-.Ly]xavLcl)Y, n 01Jo<iJ6nc; YELWLaOn ikE TO BUQoOOE\(JEla XaL OL anaVWtEe; nOAEOOOIlLXEe; IlEwj30AEe;, avaAoya IlE Let Oll!lcpEQOVTa HOV LOXUQWV, £!;acpaVLoav !lHa TOV n6AE!1O evov LoTOQLX6 nVEU!lOVa 1T]e; OUtLxi)e; nOAY]e;. Arto TOV naALO xrpto E!lELVaV OL rraALEe; xaQ1 n001aA!lE t« YQacpLXa. XL60XlU XaL 10 8llQWQ6 I-.LE rn ALj3QEa XaL La nOAEOOO!lLXCi 0XEOW.YQU!l[1,CLtCt. Y{JQW uno 10V naAL6 monQOOQO!lLXO ota8!lO XaL to Al!lUVL rtou 00L08£TOUY TOV xi]no ue TnV avaYQacpi] «Public Garden Besh Chinar», 0 Krptor; TWV IIQLyxLrewv E[!ELVE l-.LaxQLvi) etxovo orouc reaALouc; XaL vOotuAYLXi} {puvtaoLwon otoix V£6TEQOllC;, ono»; 010 0IkWV1J[1,0 rtotnu« TOll AEavoQOll Ba1;axa:

II EQVdJVWf, (Jwouxa Eva (JQaov

ow xaAaOfJ,EVO ooouo fJ,E t'L£' «au: vaDE£, niawan6 TOV IIaAt6 Sra8{.l6, oavaoTQam] nETaXTT/XE 17 fLx6va.

rvaAWTfQa XL aYEQwxa -JilTQOOTa

am uatui rov nmr5wv - YVQvovaav T' aAOYUXW ue to OVO n6bLa aTOV aeoa, W /uXQ6

{.lnQovvT'L vo xav6VL aVE(JoxaTE(Jm VE, JTOAvXQWfJ,a AaJilTL6vw, l1ovatxJ}, £VW&E£,

asto navafr5E£,.

ITO t1a()or;; Ot bLxoi rov naTfQa£, xat fJ,T/TEQa ow A£vxa

W rpiAOV£,. rpAvaQovoav stivovtac unuxx OE 1/JT/A6xoQ{.la nOTJ}QW «unasovaxui». ITO TQanE'aXt mara fJ,E (JQaOTtt; vaoioe; XL aAaTW{.lEVa aonQa {.lvybaAa.

rAVXLa xaAoxauQLanX1] wnEQa nAta am qnsxu: xm W (J6raaAa TT/£' naQaAiar;; wv MniXTmvaQ.

Ansvuvn «no TO xaflEVO yLa novrc Krpto TWV TIQLyxLmov, Ofl6uTAO !ll!8LOtOQllIlU TOU NLXOU MnaXOAa, anO!lELVE crto tT]V moxi) tnt; AELTOUQYlW; TOll nUQXOll 6Q8LO, we; un0811XEUTLx6s XWQo~, TO ontu nov nAouOLwv eunooorv ME'~!l<lQlj, rtoooqnrvorv ano to ,:).EVLOAL tn~ L!lUQVne;, an' onou OL EVOLXOL rou Ort:Ln01J [1,E TO. xa.!lnUAa. !lnUAXOVL(J" w; ClQXaLOreQEnEe; XOAOVEe; XaL ru; nEQLtExvE~ OLOEQLE~ dxav 8atJ[1,aoLC( eEa rrQoe; TO naQxo XaL to GEQfla'Cxo liE tn nQci>w OQya.VW!lEVa. 8aAa.oma AOU1Qa Tnt; E>£OoaAo~ VLXl1e;. MaXQUTEQa. Jt£QLBaAAO!lEVO coto Aaxav6xnn01J~ XaL U[1,rrEALCt nrov to El:;OXLXO aQLOTOXQCtTLX6 XEvtQO rou «XCt.T~iJ Mna.~b>, EVcl) orn YUQW rrEQLoXi] xovevn nvouvnonxo OTOLXdo OEV 8ll!lL1;EL ro CtL[!a Ct8wwv aYWVLOTWV nou EXTEAEonj}mv OE EQT]uou; tOtXOU~ XaL QunCtQa QE~aTa crro roue va1;L ow XQ6VLa TT]e; Kmoxi]s·

XQLOtO£ ZarpdQll£

137

136

Tnv (c>La tDX'll !lE toy Krpto tWV ITQL'YXLnWV dXE XaL 0 X(hQo£ LOU naAlOU OLOlJQOOQO~UXOU ota8!loD, to tsouo [lta£ naQaAAaY11£ rou [lU8lXOD «OQL<lV ESnQE£» XaL TOU «IE[lnA6v ESnQE9>, rtou [lETE<pEQE to 1888, orov E<pTaOE 0 nQ0HOe; OUQ[lOC; OTY]V n6Ay], TUXOOU))XtE£, EUQwna'Cxou£ OUQ!lOUC; xaL YEa r]8y]. [DQw crto tn EyxaTaAH[l!iEva j3ay6YLa XaL nc; oxouoiooueve; OLOY]QotQOXLEC; rou naALOD ota8[loD, 0 [li.l;EQO£ nilQa XWQOC; ue U£ !lavTQE£ OLXOOO!lLXWV lJAlXWV, W nQaxtoQda !lETmpoQwv XaL '[(1 ouvEQyda outoxrvnrcov, aVEOLvE YLa 6ExaETLE£ EUQwna'Cxr] at[loocpaLQa avuxaTY] ue Tll f3aAxavLa cpwvaxAaoLxy] naQouoLa Xat trrv nOAuXQw!lTJ a!lcplWn EAArlVWV, Touoxcov, BOUAyc.lQWV, LEQj3WV XaL AAj3avwv rtcu 6LaxLvoDvwv us TO TQEYO, ixrreoo orto nOAuwQll «vcuovr] oru; lI'TJAOtclj3avE£ aL80l1oE£ tOU ma8!l01J.

I'uoco crto rnv nAUTda TOU Emj3anxou ow8!loD, rtou TJ EJtLYQacpr] TOU «Salonique ville» (noAy] BwoaAovLxy]) fOWOE TO OVO[la «BLA» ctnv nEQLOXr], 0'Ir]8Y]xav naVOLOV YLa sExoDQaOll rcov Emj3atwv XaL EQwnxi] E1;unTJQETy]Oy], !lJtLQaQLE£ XaL XEVTQa 6LaOXE- 6ao1)£ ue nOADXQw!la cpWTa ow tQaJtEl;UXLU yDQw crto to xaBaQO YELTOVLXO nOTU!lUXL, OE thOLO 01)!ldo, rcou, ono»; 8u!lataL 0 KW(Jta£ Touovcc, «exovcv trrv nEQLOXr] v« !lOLlil;H ue naQLl;LaVLXTj OuvoLxLaxi] nAaTELa OE [lEQE£ E8vLXr]£ YLOQtr]£».

To nQ(hTO rosvo orto rnv EUQwnll E<p1aoE om BWOUAOVLX1) or«; 18 Mctou 1888, xOl,j3aAwvw£ nuvw uno sxcro ElJQwna'Lxt£ JtQOOWJtLXOtTltE£, tQanEl:,LTEC;, EJtLXElQll!laTLE£ xaL OLnAW[latE<;, nou YLOQwaav 0111 j3LAa AAAUTl VL TTl !lEYaAUTEQTj nQOOOOXLa TOU 190u aLWva YLa rn !laxE60VLXr] nQwTEDouaa, aAAa xal YLa TOUS:

EUQwnai.ou£ tUXOOLWXtES: tll£ YEW; !3aAxavLxr]S: ayoQa£ XaL TOU£ EQamE£ TWV E1;wnxwv tomov tll£ AvatoAi]£, Tll OLOllQ06Qo[lLxr] Tll£ auvoEOll ue rnv EUQwnll.

IT QOllYOU!lEVW£, norv am) 6ExaEcpTu XQOVta, TO 1871, £LXE xcrcoxeucotst II oLorIQoOQO!lLxi] yga!l!lr] we; 111 MllT9of)i.wa «no to 6ll[lLOUQYo tll£ £taLgELac; TWV AvaTOALxwv LLOrlQoOQo[lWV j3aQovo XLQ<;, E:U£QYETll TWV Ej3QaLwv Tll£ 8woaAovLxllC;. H oDvowr] lll£!iE tnv EvooxwQa Tn£ nOAlle;, rnv nEQLoxi] 1WV LxonLwv, naQt!lHVE fV00j3aAxuvLa uno8wll W£ 1:0 1888, orcv OAOXAnQw8llX£ n EVWTLXr] YQa!l!li] NL£-IxonLwv XaL 11 BwoaAOVLXTI Evw8nXE HALxa IlE TO BEALYQUOL XaL OAa tn !lEyaAa aonxa xtvTQa TY]£ EUQwrtnc;

LtllV nAatda TOU OLOllQ0090[lLXOU ota8!loD Xat oro XEVtQLXO X1LQLO, non OEV unuQX£L or]!lEQa, XtLO!lEVO crto TOV UQXL'"[ExTOva IT LtQO AQLyx6vL 10 1900, tcpwvav Emj3atE£ orro OAll TY]V EUQwrrn, rnv IToAn XaL TTJV Avro Moxeoovto; !ita XaL nQL v orto trrv xo[lnr] TOU CiLWVU II BWOUAOVLXll dXE ouvoE8d [lE tTJ <!lAWQL vn XaL to Movcctncr, 1:0 1894, xm rnv AAEsuv6QounoAll, TO naALO L'l.EowyaT£, to 1896, nEQvwvw£ «rto to !lEyaAa OLXOVO!lLXU XE:vtQu Tll£ MUXEOOVLCl.C; XaL Tll£ 8Qax'llS: nQw OUVUVTi]OEL rn YQU!l!li] tll£ Kcovotovn voDnoAll£.

IToAun:krl XEVTQ(1 oav TO «Picadilly Circus» yLU TOU£ aOToD£ Tn£ nOATJe; XaL TOUS: £uQwna(,oue; tasLOLQnE£, aAAa XaL j3aAxavLa Jtav60xda, rtocvetc xm xacpE onvtnv on'J8'nxuv YUQw crto toy TEQ!lanx6 ota8!l0 Salonique ville, rtou OLati]gTJO£ tov maQXLax6 tau xaQaxTi]Q(1 Xat rn [loQcpr] tau otQuTLWTLxoD E!lnEOO'u 01:U XQovLa TOU Max£6ovLXOU MfTWnOlJ, OTUV 0 ota8[l0£ YLa TOU£ 'raAaLnwQY]!l£vOUe; OTQanWtE£ '[ll£ nQwn]£ YQa!l!li]e; ntov n fi;o- 00£ otn l;wn. rUQw orro TO ow8!l0 xm xma [lr]x0S: '[ll£ 000'0 26nc; OXTW~QLOU, rtou oOllyoDo£ ow ~EVOOOX£i.u Ln£ nAatELa<; BaQ6aQ11 XaL lY]£ EYVUtLU£, OExu6£C; nOQvEC; xaAouoav ow yun~xu xrn, uYYALxa TOUe; aJtOXU[l(J)!lEVOU£ nOA£!lLOTEC; YLa VU TOUS: SExouQaoouv ow j3Q6[LLXa xQ£~aTLa 1:WV o LWQO<PWV orutuov TOUC;.

Movcorxo ano!J,HvaQL tll£ aAAoT£ aQwToxQaTLxr]S: ovvoixtc«; stvru to OLWQOCPO orctu orn 066 AvaYEvvr]m:w£, LOWXTnOLUe; NLxOAaou Ilstoton, ue xa,[£OTga!l[l£v(x avuyAucpa ornv nQoOO1jJi] tou, zou mL XQOVLa oTEyaoE ow 6w!lauu !l£ T' avaYAucpa Taf)uVLa xat TlC; oxaAWtts: nogu,<; !lETaXflgw!lEVO [ll\xavoAoYLXO £sonALO!l6 XaL YQa<pcLo !lEWCPOQOJV. To onL1L non tf)A£JtE OTTJV nAaTELa TOU naALOD oL611QoogO!lLXoD OTCl.8!loD [LE rc XOO[lLXU xsvto« XaL TO JtoAuBouo nEQaO!lU1:WV Emj3mwv yw trrv EUQwnll, XTLOTnX£ TO 1900-1910 XaL anOT£Ad aSL6AoyO oELY[la ro» aQXlTEXLQVlXOU £XAEXTlxw!loD 1:TJC; nOATJ£. Ooo avayA ucpa o0)811XaV tuxaLu crto TO XQ6vo xm tll OW~LVLOTLXn [LUVLa TOU xaEl£Otwto£ MEtasu, nou r]8EA£ vc xCiTEoacpLOEL ns: AEOVtOXEcpaAEe; YlUlL TOll 8u!lLl:,av, A£VE, f30 VA YUQLXU OU!l~OAU, mQ l[lEVEl lY] OWTllQ La rou xm tTJV av(l~Lwoi] TOU ue nOAL nO!J,Lxr] XQi]oll orto TO Ll r]!l0 8£00(1- AOVLXnC;. H EQllWO[lEVll j3LAa IT£TQL011 JtQoxaAoDoE OLxma YLa 6£xaEtLE£ rnv £xnAllsn XaL TOV xayxao!lo T(l)V <POQTllyatl:,r]owv nou OUvaAA<WOOVTav !lE La YEL1:0VLXU JtQaXTOQ£Lo. E!J,nOQEU[lUnl)V:

138

o 'EQw~ OXEJtEL rnv nOAll

139

«no rtoiov TQ£AO o.Qay£ vc XTLOT11X£ TO :rt£QLT£XVO OJtLtL ~£oa om ~nOQVT£Aa XaL ro; xauoa£QLa 1;WV qJOQTl'jycDV, ayvocDvme; ne; ~EmAAay£,; rou TonLOU, rtou saqJVLUsEL XaL TOUe; TEAEUtaLou,; smScDVtE~, EYXQat£L'; tll'; ~£OonOAE~ll~ ~vi)~l')~, eWoaAOVLXELe;,

t1inAa TO Al{laVl, niooi ta ocpay£ia nfQa OTf/V nAaTeia aoeia xcapeveia.

VA f/ {lfQa unooc; uou 0 ara8{lor; TWV TQfVWV AM otnv mJAf/, XfVrQO t1WQXOflEVWV,

H EsuYLaVOl') tOU Toa'CQLot\ ~E La OLOY]QOOQO[.lvxU EQya ESW crto ta TELXl') TOU BaQoaQLou, XaL Y] OUYXOLVWVLaXi) nQooEYYLOl') ~E mv Ev{',oxwQa tl')~ MaxEoov(,a~ XaL rnv EUQcDJtl'), nQoodAxUOE OTY]V EUQUTEQl') nEQLoxi) TOU om8!lou OEXaoE~ Bw~Y]xav(Ee;, onw,; tc BUQoooE'\jJda tWV aOEAcpcDv Nouoic XaL 2:EQ£qJa, La '\jJuyda tou Xal;HAaOU, 0 onotoc EOWOE w'; OLXOOO!HXO'; xataOX£uaoTi),; to OVO[.lu OTOV 0~cDV1)~0 OUVOLXLOf..tO Tll'; aVatOALxiJ,; eEOoaAOVLXy]';, to nayoJliOLdo-suElonOLdo «'OAu~no,; - Ndouoo» rtou to 1926 aYOQaOll')XE crto tOY Ko.QOAO CPLS, TO ucpavtouQydo 101) i\E[30V XO[3aYXL[.lLaV XaL aAEUQO~'UAOL oov 1'0'0 XatSy]YLaVVaXy] TO 1924, rtou !lEta 10 XAdOL~O tau, to 1987, ntoqn.o to f3LO~l')xaVLXO OUYXQotll!J.a aAAa;E XQi)oy] XaL nQooaQ!lOOTl')XE aQLOTOuXVLXa OE nOAL 1L01LXE'; XaL '\jJuxaywYLx£,; AEL 10UQYLE';, 0 «MUAOe;» DOlEQa coto XQovLa, ue TY]V rrooouoto aElcowv 0CPQL Yl')AcDV XOQLlOLcDV XaL aYOQLWv XaL to nOL01LXO XUAALTEXVLXO nQoYQa~!la, ll!l£QWOE to OXAl')QO VUXTEQLVO nQoowno TY]'; ounxi),; eEooaAovLXl')';.

ME1anOAE~LXa, trl VUXta, Olav OTa~aTOUOE r] XLVr]Or] lWV £~JtOQLXcDV XEVTQWV, l') JtEQLOXi) TOU naALOU otaEl~O'\) nrov L6at)- 6r]r;, XcDQOr;, YLa UJtaLElQLEr;, nOQVE';, lOAf.l11QU EQWnXa SEUYUQLa nov 6UtLXcDV OUVOLXLWV, !leta t1W naQaxoAou8r]0r] AU'LXcDV truVLWV OTO «Ilnvbeov» XaL TO «At nxov» xm lY]V anoYEU[.lanviJ [30A rn Tr]'; naQaALur;" O[.lOCPUAOqJLAOll'; XaL TQU[3E01L H EVlOVy] naQo'UoLa oTQanwlcDv OTO EQwnxo aALOf3£QLOL oLxawAoyoDvtuv «rro 1l') A£LTOuQYLa EJ[L XQovLa TOU KEVTQOU 8LEQXO!lEV(OV 2:1QanuncDv coro T11 eEOoaAOvLxl'), OE ElaAa/lOU'; YE/laTOU'; xoOLaD';, xOAAy]la !lE TOU'; an0811XEUtLXOUC; X<.oQ01J<; TOU ALf..taVLOU XaL !lE ELo060 010 xo rco OLXOOO!llXO f..tE1WnO tr]'; ooou 26Y]e; OXTWf)QLOU.

H £Qr]!..LLCl T11'; JtEQLOXi)C; OL VETaL AL 10. OTO TonOYQUqJLXO TQayou- 6L 10U rLcDQYOU Ioxivvou, rtou !ltAOnoL11811xE «rro TOV NLxo Me[.luyxaX11:

ME Tr] ~EtucpoQa TOU Emf3unxou ota8!J.ou f)OQEL01EQU, OTy] 010- xaE1La TOU '50, 0 XcDQOC; EQiJ!lWOE XaL Ta naALa [3ayovLa orto nc; nQcDnc; onuvLE'; aWU!lHsE<; EYLVUV Xatacp-uyLO £cpi)[.l£Q(Ov EQWnov, OXUALcDV XaL 10LyyaVWV XaL L6avLxo qnxnxo !lOVTEAO YLU TO SWYQacpo T(OV TQEVWV 2:TEALO Mcuoourrn].

IIoAAa oum.ouevc f)ayovLa XOU{3aAY]OaV crto TO YELTOvvx6 OTQC1Tomoo XLQC; XLALUOEC; Ef3QaLOUC; ore XQEf.lo.TOQLa TOU AouoBLlc;, tOU MJtLQXEVaOU, tOU MEAX xm TOU MnEAOEV, Ano TO ouVOLXLO[.lO XLQ';, ztou dXE LOQu8d oLnAa OTOV JtuALa OLOl1QOOQO~Lxo OtaEl!lO!lE 0(0Q££C; TaU aUOTQLaxou BaQ6vou XLQ'; YLa va OTEyuoa ouoeonoxoi»; JTlIQonuEld,; Ef3QULOUe; TY]e; 8EOoaAovLxy],; «no mv nUQXaYLa tOU 1890 XaL qJUyaOE'; tWV nQoyxQo~ roo KLTOLv£B XaL lOU MOXLAECP T11'; OuxQo.vLu,;, 6EV EXEL !ldvEL xcvcvo OQaTO LXVOe;, nEQU nrto ALYo. f.lLs£Qa XUI-lOOJtLLa, JtOU vc 8U[.lLS£L TOV tQo.YLXO XUI-l0 tcov 46.000 E[3QULWV XaL TO XQEOC; t(OV O1JVOY]- 1-l00cDV roue.

o qJtwx6c; £BQU'LXOC; OUVOLXLOI-l0C; !lE ro 600 o(O[.lunu OE EXTUOy] 30,000 T,~, ~E1atQaJtr]xE ono lOU'; va~L, aqJou nEQLqJQaXTr]XE !lE '\jJr]Aa oaVLOLo. xru oUQ~aTOnAEwatu, OE YXETO tWV Ef)QUlWV Tr]'; 8£OO(xAOVLXy]<;, rrorv Emj)Lf)amouv uocpuxTLxa ere a8AlU (3uyovw. Yla ro xQ£!laT6QLa,

To OLTH) rtoorxosto lOU otQaTOnEOOU XlQ';, Tr]'; TQaYLxi)c; LOlOQLae; TOll YXETO TWV EBQo.twv XaL lOU EQ(Ota EOWO£ YAo.cpUQU O£ £I;O!loMyy]oy]-OUVEVT£Ul;iJ lOU (IoUALo<; 1992) OtO OUVTaXTy] TaU BLBALou a N1LVOC; XQwno.vonouAoe;:

«A£, novue, via nOAAa XQ6vw ovxvaCa ce iua xaxotpnur; neQWXr/, ra IIaQa{3aQMQw, Vrav AEW IlaQa{3oQMQw, fVVOOVf1,f xuoio»; TTJ ouvoixia r!J~ Pouovac cato tnv enavoi JrAfVQa TOV BOQ15aQf/ xat TO OVVOLX.W!lO XLQr; ano Tf/V xau» JrAEV()a rov BaQ15aQTJ, {lfXQL TOvnaAL6 m15f/Qo15QO!ltx.o ara8fl6, IlOAV YQr/Yooa 0 ovvoixiouot; XLQr;, toto»; uet« roy anoXQwflanafl6 Tf/£'

140

o 'EQW£ OXbtEL tnv JtOAn

141

V1QOCPOU, n EJtLOTQoqJll O1nV EQWnxi] yn TTj£ maYYEALa£, 0 XaTj!lO£ rou aVLXaVOJtOI,TjlOLI EQWla, JtEQVOUV !lEOa «rto r« EQWnXa rocYOUOLa HuV E~Qa(wv lTjr; 0WOaAOVLXTjr;, JtOLl TQaYOLloi]8Tjxav OE yAtvna XaL XEV1Qa OLCXOXEOaOnr; TTj£ xaAi]r; EJtOxnr;, «rto ru; O[,J.OQ(PE£ Ej3QaLOJtOUAEr; [,J.E T' aVOLX1U j3a8uXOAJta orij8La, 'Km lOV EQwno[,J.O JtOU aJtEJtVEQV OE O[,J.OCPLlAOLlS xm SEVOU£ rc OTaQEVla savElu JtQ60wJta !lE ru yaAava [,J.ana, To LOJtavoEj3Qa'Cxa toeyOUOLa, YQa[,J.IJ,.EVa 01n [,J.OUOLXiJ EBQa'Lxi) OLaAEXTO lTj£ 0woaAOVLxnr;, Tn Aootvo, ctJtoMElrpwv OE JtOLnnxi] !loQCPn, OTa EAAl]VLXa, crro 10 w:AE1nTtl lWV EBQO:'Cxwv lQayoLloLwv ll]£ Mavai; TOV IaQa~A AA[,J.JtEQlO N aQ,

JfAaTEia; TOV BaQDaQ1], aQXWE va Jfail;,£~ Eva onuavtixo EQwnxo QOAO OTl]V uax6q;1]f.l1] eeaaaAovix1] EJfi JfOAAE; DEXaaiE;. MOAt; TWQa iXE£ !;EeVf.laVE£ xi Eyt VE IU aVTO JfEQiJfOV Eva noavua aXQwuo, avoaTO xat. aywoTO, 0 ovvouaouoi; XtQ;. Aomov, xautioxnxe XaL yw ueva flE TO VVXTEQ£VO avooaio eccata. OflW; EWV yw JfOAAOV; aVTJ'l1] JfE(;noxf/ DEV f/mv tinote aUo exrot; ano iua JfEOWXr) JfOV TOV; {3oAeve yw 1jJWVtOT~Qt, YW ueva f/rav uoviuox; DEuevn iu: TO f.WQTVQW rwv E{JQaiwv, Tuxti, ono»; !;EQH;, TO J 943 OL Teouavoi f1JTovt;;ovQwaav rovr; cpovxaQa&; rov; E{3Qaiov; E>cEi a' Eva q;QtXTO YXETO XL axo XEL TOV; E{3aAav am {Jayovw TOV BavaTOV yw va TOV; aTEiAovv am >CQEflarOQW. E>CEi AOLJfOV yoaq;T1]X[ 1] reseirtaia aesuxx TOV ,)Qaf1aro; TWV E{3Qaiwv T1]; ewoosovixnc. 2>C1]vi;; anuiavov EI;EVTEAWflOV xai uaotvoio» . .dEV To: t;;~aaf1E {JE{3ma, ta 6w{Jtiaaw'., aUti eivai EV>COAO va >cam)..6- {Ja xaveis; TO n avvE{3l] oe xeivn r1J YEtTOVLa. 2' autn; AOLnov, tn ynrovLa TOV flaQTl!QiOll EVO; OAOXAnQOV Aaov, EQXOflm f:yw va xaQw TOV eoona. M1] uov iteu; on autoi; 0 EQwra; DeV ()a eivai t;;llflWf1EVO; ue uux yetJaTf an' aVTO TO flaOTVQW. KaL fll] uou steu; OTt 1] f1VrTfln avTOV rov uaotuoio» r5tv 8a t;;Uf1(veEi f1E TO f.WQTVQLO >CaL TOU 6txov uou eoorto: AAAa 'KaL TO avtiotootpo: TO flaOTVQLO rov DLUOV flOV eoona ea tu: {J01J8~O£L va vuoaco aXOf11] steoioooteQO, 0XL aJfAW; va aVTLAnq;ew, TO f1aQTVQLO rwv avvav()QWJfWV uou. Na AOtJfOV JfOV 0 EQ(J)Ta; ueoa ano TrW nOA1] anoxui tua £JftJfA£OV ouiataon. A v 1J oiaotaon aVTf/ Ei VaL 6Qaf1anuf/, n DQauaiixotnta Tn; oipeiseta: xuoio»; atnv LOTOQtUf/ a{a8Tfon xca flvf/f.Ln .. .»

1.

Na q;vyw 8EAW ano TTl ewaaAovixTf· Ta toea VTEQTW raa 6Ev To: f1JTOQ(V, tteeoivovvoi AE{3EVTE; an' aytiJrT/ AUVVOVV OL UOJfEAL£; an' TO Xnuto.

e' aVE{3w uux {3Qa6ta a' Eva flJraAuovL f1E TO raaAYx[ ea maooi Eva 0')-(0n6 exei VTf JfOU ayanw yw va I;VJfvf/aw nov YEQVEL uu; aTOV VJfVO ro YA vu6,

Fuir me quiero de Selanik pot no ver mas msnzilles. Mancevikos mueren d' emor muchachas de tiquie.

To. TEAEmo:ta EQWTLXa lQo.YOU<'lLo. TWV Ej3QaLwv "llr; 0WOo.AOVLXl)r; aXOUOTTjXo.V 010 oroctoneoo XlQ£, 6LJtAo. OlOV JtOALO OLOl]QooQo[,J.lx6 (JwB[,J.6, 6Jtou XLALaOE£ E~QaLOL, EQW1£U[,J.E:VOL XL oQQaj3wvWO[,J.EVOL, JtaVTQEUOVlav yw vc: HOJtQU~OUV 10 1) .. on TTj£ VEO:£ JtOLQLOo.r; rtou dXo.v UJtooXEEld OL VCl~L OTllV KQClXO[3(o:, JtQLV [,J.JtOUVE W£ [,J.EAAo8avCX1OL OTo. rosvc yLo. W xQElAaT6Qlo..

To CPAOYEQO TO. [,J.JtEQo.[,J.EV1O TWV Ka01LALavwv L£cpaQUO. l] TQ1JCP£gOTT) 10:, 10 EQW1LXO JtaBor;, 10 yonuunx6 XQ(!)[,J.C1. TT)£ £JtL6EQ!ll- 60:r; «6IAOLO [,J.£ 8o.IJ,.Jt6 XLTQLVO lOJta~L», oJtwr; YQacpa 0 Ol][,J.OOLOYQucpor; IIaoVA Arvtcou 10 1888, l] JtQOO[,J.OV~ TaU EQW1LXOU OU-

Yo vo a salir en un balk on con eJ csigui taniendo

a despertsr eI mi smor

q' esta duimtendo.

142

Xotoroc ZacpeLgT]<;

KOt!lJjOOV, UOLf1ryOOV, YAVUta avostnuevn xouuioo», xouuiaou c5ixwe; JTOVO xai 'KaT/f-.I,o.

K t ei v' a O'KAof30e; oov, JTOV ue JT080 JTQ00!-lEVet va rov oeu; or' OVftQo OOV, to £Qwuxo.

A)wv, aXQLf3r'1 f10V, T1] &xry !lOV xt86.Qa,

6.xov, aXQt(3ry f10V, rove; xanuoi»; !-lOV TQayovc56.. Ilav ovo XQovw JTOV VJTOfpEQet 1] xaQc5ul uou yw OEva, JTevr6.f10Q({J1], yAVXt6. UVQ6. f10V.

Dunne, dunne betmoze donzelJa, dutme, durrne sin ensie ni dolor Y tu scJavo con ardor desea

Ver 10 a tu sueiio con grande amor.

Siente hertnose, al son de mi quiuuu siente hermosa a mis dettes center Hay dos aiios que suite mi alma

par ti hermosa, tni linda dama.

3.

Xaoauuia m vurta {101} vu: oeva, AarQevTr'I uo».

K t 6.U1] YWTQEt6. DeV £XW 130ft va yt6.VEt tnv JTA1JYry uov.

Orav ea o~ti!;01Jf1e fa OlJO 1/J1]A6. om OlJOovw JTAOT1],

Ga O£ QWTryOOVV va rove; neu; via T1]V JTQ(in1] oot! ay6.Jf1].

Ki av Of c5tx6.aet 0 6>eOo;

xa t qnaiXToa 8a oe (3yaAH Ut eYO) 8a xatoca oro oxauvi via ra DlxO oou uOU1].

La mancevez yo 1a pedti

o EgOJ<; OXEJrH rnv Jr6A.T]

143

La mancevez yo 1a pedri por tu amor Querida Ayinda.yo no encontri Cute ami ieride.

Quando nos vamos encontret al mundo verdedero,

a ti te van apreguntar

por tu am or primero.

Y sf eJ Dio te jusgara te topers culposs.

Me yo mismo me acusare por ti mi linda rosa.

4.

LTD MJT£SlV6.Qt 'Kc18wa xatca aJT' W AOVAovc5ta o1]x(fJ81]'Ka yw oEvaVe

fl ' avann we; ta {J,Ec5oVAW.

Tatoi c5ev EXEt 1) O{J,OQ({Jtc1 'Kat TO xa{16YEA6 aov

Na 'raVE va 0' ayxCtAwS:-a ue TO JTOVXc1fllOO OOV.

A becinaryom' asenti de basso d' utuis Ilores ale van tar yo me ale van ti con suspiros d' amores.

Hermosa sos en cendided grasiosa en tu tiss

Yo te quierie abrasar desnuda en camisa.

144

5.

A vOI4;11 0'7:11 ~a}.,ovixl1

aTOV «Ma1;}.,ovl1» TOV xaipevt; uavoouata I1E TO OVTt, TQayovb6£t tov auave.

M11110V AEi'ljJw;, uouoouaia arov «Ma1;Aovl1» tov xaipevet nov TO VTEQTW iuu; oxooniceu; TQayovbwvra~ auave.

ME TO ovn aov aTO XEQt Xat TTJV TOOT} Taaxmvux,

f1E TO bvo aOl! l1avQa uatux, 11' avmpEI; TQaV"tj iponui.

Primavera en Seloaico cayi al cafe MazJum. Una nin« d' ojos pretos que cents y sona ud.

No me manques mis ojos pretos de] cafe de A vrarn Mazlum!

Tu quites las nuestas dertes

que centes y son as ud.

El ud tomas en le mmw can jilves y can sakes los tus ojos relucientes a mi me haces quemar.

o "EQw£ oXUca Tl]V n6A,l]

145

6.

VAOL naVE (JT1J avvaywyry XL EYW oro om ux6 oov. V}.,OL qJtAaV TI1 11'£1;ov1;a* ua £yO) TO nQ60wn6 OOV. Ileocaa asto TI1V n6QTa oov xat f3Qr/ua XAW'jWI1EVa

Kat ({JiAl1aa TT]V XAEtbaQla oav va qXAovaa eaeva.

Todos se van a 111 quehiia yo vengo a tu casa. Todos bezan lamezusa, yo beso la tu cara.

Pot 1a tu puerta yo pesi y Ja topi esserede.

La ya vedura yo bezi como beset tu cara.

Tc EQWTLXa tgayou6La TOW IECjJUQab, rtou TQaY01.)bi)8rrxuv OE YLOQ"t€<;, UQxovux6, 6Q6IJ,.OU£, EQYOOT6cnu XaL xuJtvolJ,.ayu~u, X6- 8l]XUV IJ,.U~L IJ,.E 101)£ 1EAEUmimJ£ EQW1ZUIJ,.€VOU£ Ej3QuLou<; am xQEIJ,.at6QLa TT]<; fEQ!J..uvi,a<; XaL 1fJ<; TIOA,WVLU<;. Ii}lJ,.EQU TO TQUyoubLa non l;wvTavztjJuv £QWTE<; XaL nu81"] OTL<; zj3Qu'Cx£<; OtJVOLXLE<; '"[T]<; n6AfJ£ ml JtEVTE aLWVE£, bLUOWl;OVTaL w£ IJ,.OUOLXE<; (1)A,Aoyt<; OT(:( Ej3Q«(Cxu uQXEl(:( Xat {J1'YXLVOUV IJ,.E TL£ EJtETEL(:(XE£ voOTOA,YlXt?<; av(:(iSQOIJ,.E<; '"[011<; 1EAEwwLou£ zml;wvrE£ 1:1"]£ nuAL6.<; xUAi)C; moxi)c; JtQLV nrro tov Ef)Q(:('Cx6 8Qi)vo.

«Iloi) nvivnxav toea WQauw;» aV(:(QWTLETaL 0 WAET1"]"ti)C; TfJ<; W"LOQL(:(<; truv Ej3QaLwv TfJe; 8woaA,ovLxfJ£ AA,IJ,.JtEQTOe; NaQ. «Movo TO /3oabw, «aui« qooa, OTI1V E0I1I111 TWQa n}.,aTEia TOV

* Mnr:ti.ALxti 01'jxll, rtnu ~E(m TllC; qJ1JACWOETal WU XElQ6YQUCPll J1EQyaflllv1j ~E ll:rrr)aJ1(lOlta a:rro TO L1wTfQOVOIlW. To:rro8€t€LtUl OTllV ~((Io60 X&.8E Ef3Qa'Cxov ortrttou.

146

stasun) araeflOv, vubneu; X6JWLE~ flvanxi~ tporve« va avaotaivovTm' oto arpVQLYlla rov TQivov, oro {3Qaxv6 YQaflW>rpwvO rYl~ xovn v~r:; raf3iQvm;, ane:; XOVTQte:; aray6Vf~ in; f3QOX~r:; .. , Mia nr:; x6vnr::" I1W He:; {jQim-(.n~,»

ITA EBPAI-KA MNHMATA KAI TH ~03A

M6vo 0 EQwrm; ~£Qft

va EXf.u:m},) .. evtTaL to xaAa0f.Wra,

NTINOI XPILT1ANOfl OY AO:

Nt:!{(}Jj maroa

2:TllV EXT6; rorv TUXWV Jt£OLOxn Tll£ aVCLToALxnt; eE00aAO~ v(xll<; EQwTac; XaL 8avmoc; OU)..lj3(woav £JtL aLWVEC; XUL 11 Oll)..lcQLVTt ovunounootn YW nc; rrOACOOO~.lLXEC; XaL1.jJuxoAOYLxEC; (XAA<xytt; TaU X(DQOU VEDACftCl., rr01J OllxvaSCL OTllV rraVcJtLOTl1!.tLourroAll XaL EQW1EUtTaL OT(( a)..lq:n8EaTQa XUL TO YQ(WLi5L TT]t;, 'l.[JauEL XaL rroOOJtatEL fAvTtfAaTo. XaL JtaXLa XW)..laTa rr01J TO. Alrrcvov OL arravwTtc; TacpEC; aL(!)vWV. OL LEQOl tonoi fAE TOUC; 8afA[.ttV01JC; VEXOOUC; O1;OUC; E!3Qa·LxoUc;. XQwnUVLXOU<; XaL [.lOUOOUAfAaVLXOUC; Tacp01JC; IlE To. !3a8uTcoa EJtLXW)..lEVa EAAT]VLOTLXa, QW- • )..la"Cxa XaL j3usaVTLva VEXQOTa<pELa, )..lHaj3Aij8ljxav, fAE 111V aAAa-

Yrl XOTt(1)t; TT]C; Y1)C; XaL 11)V EJtEA8ouoa lj)..lEQaoa, OE EQwnXOut; xwQ01J<;, JtEQa ana T1)V XEVTQLXi) sxnrnoeut LXTt 0 LaO LxaOla, av xm TO 8avmEQo tonto JtQOOdAXUE naAmo8£v EQWTLXa SE1JyaQLa rtou anosrrWUOCfV T1) CPUYTt XaL rnv arrofAovw(1).

To i)fA£Qo tonto TT]C; rravEJtLotll)..lLOUnOAljC;, rtou d;aocp6AL~E ~0}~ rixo X(DQO YLU rnv avaJtTu~n Tll£ crto tnv EBoa'Lxi) Va1;LOTLXTt exoTOfAr3T) XaL TO ~EOnh0}fAa exctovrcorov nQoocpUYLXWV rraQarrl]Yuororv, urrTtQSE avtxa8Ev to JtAl]OLEOTEQO EQ0}TLXO OtEYCl.OTQO TllC; orro1Joa1;ououc; YEOACl.tUC;, T« rrCl.VEJTlOtllllLaxa aAouAALa tou fAETH.uQOAOYLXOU ow8fAou, TllC; WTQLXiJC; 0X0A-nc; XaL 'lOU XEYTQLXOlJ

148

XTLQLOU nEQLS tTlS; EJtLtu~BLCI.£ OT'IV .. Tl£ yLCI. TOU£ nsoovre; oto»; E8vLXOU£ Cl.yWVE£ CPOLtTlTE£ ~E to £JiLYQa~lla TOU ::>-:L~())VLOTl «ax!.Lijs; WTTlXULav mL sUQou EAAaoa",» OAoxAijQ())OaV EQ())tES; rtou SEXLVT]OC1V OE af.!<:PL8EaTQC1 XaL EQyaatijQLa, OE OLC10T]AWO£L£ XaTa YEQf.!aVWv XC1L B01JAy6.Q())V xawxtT]TWV, yw 1:0 114 tT]£ cuvrov~C1tLXijS; nQootaoLas; XaL yw. «1.Jl())lll, I1moda, EAEU8EQLC1» tT]S;

XOUV1W;.

To VEaVLXa m.ofJ.:cna rtou SC1nA(i)vouv QCt8UIla xat()) nno rn Ba-

8-uoxLa nAato.vLa TTl£ navt:JtL01T]~LOunoATl£ crtn axaoTlf.!a'CxCt OwAE(!.L~atn XaL tnv EucpQ601JVT] EXnatOEUTLxij anoxij, IlE XUQLO !.LEA l]f.!C1 mv EQ())TLXij roue aVC1ouvtaSl] xcn rtooooo, xaA unTouv to nEQL YQCq.q,.I.C1 tcov TCt<:p())V coto to TEgo.ono EBQa'Cx6 VEXQOtCl.<:pdo MnEoaXC1YL~ rtou Cl.nA())v6tav 010 EX"WOll 360 OtQEf.!IlCt.t())V, XQaTWvtC1£ orn unEQYUC1 XLBouQLU 10U£ uno TO 150 aLwva nav()) «rro nEvmx6OLouc; XLALaoEC; VEXQOU£, ~La xm 11 Louba'Cxij 8Qlloxda anay6gEUE rnv CtVaxOf.!Loij TO)V AEL'wavwv. Ilrrvoi ct«; rn<:p6n£1Qzs; !.LE ns; EBQCt'CxES; EJtLYQCt<:PES;, 6nO'lI ij1av xaQaY!.LEVa rc ovourrro TWV VEXQWV xm O'J~OAa TOU EJTaYYEA~at6s; TOUS;, XaL uecc OTOU£ ACtXXOU£ tWV rnqxov ayxaALaoTllXCtV £QuHLxa l;,EUYo.QLa, 8QllVWVTCI.£ cuc6 EQ())TLXn nAllollovij n oreonon, ~La Xat 0 LEQ6£ rortoc; Ill', Tll XQOVLXij XaTCtXWOT] rorv nQoo<:pLAWV VEXQWV £LXE cmw8ijoEL to <:pOBl]TQO TOU VEXQOtacpELOU XL dXE !.L£TaTQE1.[JEL TOUS; tCtCPOU£OE 1]QElla aQxmoAoYLXo. EQELma, rrQonoAE~LXCt, 600 oxo~llll EBQa'Cx1] xoworntc tTl£ n6Alle; ijwv L0X'uQij, ava!.Lwa OtO EBga'Cxo vExQ01Cl.cpdo dXE o Lavmyd Eva£ o QO 110e; , 11 oMe; XOQtaTl;,i!ooov, I1E OUO JtUA££ EXaTEQ(I)8EV an' onou nEQvouoav 01 £QWtEU~EVOl XaL, on())£ 011!lELWVI'L 0 KWOtCli; TOf.,(.av6.£, «OL cpUAaXE£ !l' Eva f.!LXgO !J.naSLoL nQoot6.t£uav 1CI.l;,E'uyaQCtxLa rtou xatEcpEuyay Exd yw va XUQouv tOY EQCOta TOUC;».

OL nEQLxonE£ t!J.lJll6.tWV tOU EBQa'Cxm) vexootorpetou TOV WExovTa cuovo aQX10CtV crto ue; naQucpee; t11£ nOA11 £ XCtL OAOXA 11QW- 8lJxav W' ns; EYXaTaOTo.OELe; 1'11£ navEmot11~LOvnoAll£, cSacpavLl;,ovta£ X6.8E LXVO£ TOU LOtogLXOV XOLIl11111QLOU, sorco XL evor; lOVoELxnxo'll XEvolCtCPLOU YLa 10 OLaLWVLO LEQO torto tWV EBQaLwv. LE nQonoAEf.!Lxi! CPWWYQCtcpLa nou tQCtB1]XT11xE crto TTJV m:gLOXn Tlle; Porovtuc, ngo£ AvatoA6.£, anOtunWVEtaL OE XEvtQLXO nA6.vo W Xt(QLO t11S; CPLAOOOcpLXns; oxoAilc; XaL ExatEQco8EV, votiocvcTOALX6., Exd orcou u1.[JWVEtaL 11 8EOAOYLXr) OXOAn, to ynnEoO ton

"

l

o 'EQwC; OXEnEL T11V n6AlJ

149

ITAOK xru aQ1OTEQ6., OTllV nAaTda TOU Xl]IlELOU, TO yr]moo TOU «HgaxAn», TO oaoto otn811XE nrrvto OE SllAoo~Eva E[3Qa'Cxa Ilvnunto cno to 1915 w£ TO 1937, otov naQC1XWQn8l]XE YLa Tl]V aVEYEQ011 rou nC1VEJtLotl]~W.Xou XtLQLOU ron XTJ!lELOU, 2:tO nQwto nA6.vo TTI£ cpWtoYQacpLa£, 1CI. XCl.1l00nL rc T11£ 060u MEAEVLXOU xru OTO Ba80£ OESLo. "W naQannntata TOU nQoocpuYLXOU OUVOLXL- 0IlOV 1l]£ AyLC1e; Cf:>WtELVn£, Avoueoc OtO ynmoo xm TC1 xalloOJtL"Co. rorv nQoocpuywv 6LaxQLvnC1L 0 xEvtQLXO£ oQ61l0£ rtou 00l]YOVOE oro B£VLl;,EAoXWgL, W 01l~EQLV6 onllo TQLavoQLa£. TI6.V()) coto to Y'r]JTEOO rou IIAOK cpaL VOvTm onoQaoLxoL to.<pOL Ej)QaLcov xm E!1<paVn uovoxcuc rtou OLEoXLl,:,av TO EQ11IlLXO romo.

OL IlEtalloQ<pwa£L<; tou ton LOU EUtUXW£ 6.cpl]oav avaAAoLwTO TOV XEVTQLXO 6.sova "11e; mQWXn£, to XTLolla rou BL taALavo TIol;,£AL, TO nQwto X1LQLO tOU naVEJtLOTllIlLOU, EQYO tl]e; 08())llaVLXn<; ClLOLXl]OTJ£, nQLV crto rnv Clnf).EuElEQWOll Tl]e; nOAllC;, OOUVOlXl- 0116£ t11£ A yi.ac; ¢wtELVn£ xcu to ynnEl'i'o tOU TIAOK OTn8l]XC1V IlEta 101922 n6.vw 010 t!li!!lC1 onou ElacplT]XaV ow cpo~fQ6 AOLIl6 rou 1911 XLALaoEC; xoAEQLaOiJ.EVOL E~QaLOL. AXOAOUEllloE vEaavayxaouxi] rrCl.gaxwQl]ol] to 1937 YLa vc XTLon:t J[(lvoo coto TO ynm- 00 tOU «HQCl.XAij» n YEwnOVLXn 0XOAij xaL ornv Katoxij OL val;,l, IlE "11V avoxn rrov EAAl]VLXWV aQX(,\)v, XaTE01QE'ljJCtV TO EBQC1'Cx6 VEXQOTCiCP€LO xm OL mcponAaxE£ Xo.Au'ljJav JTE~ooQoIlLa, Mmoa EXXA llOLWV, JtACiTELEC; XCiL TCI. QEWQCt rcov nEl,:,ooQo~L())v T11£ YEVE- 8ALa£ nOA11£ TOUC;, 'OOEe; an' Cl.mE<; ou~ooo~av «no 1l]V Ctnl] o'ljJll En l]VLXE£ EJt LYQa<:pE£ xm OUiJ.[3oAa orro [3Ul;,av1 L VOV<; tCtqJOV£, Ileon om IlLl,:,EQLf.t tll£ EJtOxi]c;, EQEVVl]OE XCtL OUYXEV1QWOE 0 ~ul,:,aVtlvoA6yo£ xaElnYTlTij£ XCtL EqJOQOe; aQXCiLOti!t(OV LTQaTn£ TIEAEXLOn£.

A uro; 0 LEQ6e:; XCtL LOTOQLX6C; rortor; rtou IlETCi1Q6.n11xE Of XWQO naVTOELOWV EQWt())V. OUyxtv1Q{J)VE xaEk [3Q6.ou EgWTLXa l;,EuyaQLa, unCtWQLE£ nOQVEC;, O~OqJUAOqJLAOU£ xru 1160vOj)AE'ljJL££, rtou oLaxQLvovtav OTl]V aVtaVY£La nrto rn cpwta tl]£ n6ATJ£ xm OLaortououv 1l] VEXQLxij OL())ni] iJ.E £QWTLXCt aYXO!laxnto. XCtL xACt!laru,

«Ax6,ua &v tptavaiu: ora e/3oa't,)(,6, uvnuara xa: yvow 11m; aox~'av Ot aU~E~;»' YQo.qJEL 0 fLwQYo£ Ioxrvvou. «EVLWee~ TTJY EOT/iua ye,u6rT/ aveO<im;ov~ ito» ayuol1axovaav. AtY£ no»; 116ALs

150

----~

naLQVEL va VVXT<LlVeL xat: rov,; nuivt». II aQar;ovv ani na, oLxoyeveta xai ta navTa xci t;e[3Qal;ovrat exarovra&,; an' oAe,; n<; DLEv(JvvaEt<;. K aBe [3Qabv ta naisovv oAa vux oAa ... Oi nQaY/.1auxa eoonnnuvoi anocpevyovv [3e[3aw avrov roy tosto . .dEV rov; anX(DV£L 11 aY(1.lv(a rov XW(01). Eivtu. [3aQv va (3oAoi5tQvwm Tn vuxm oe XWQov<; nov xat« [3a80,; nOAv rov; aE[3wm. Eivai 61CW'; otav aoxnuoveu; ueoa OTO (bw aov TO oniti; ostoi: OE Jr£QtrQLYvQil;ovv 1CQaYj.lam nov ayyisovv OVVEXW<; ra nio aya1C11j.lEVa aov nQoowna rj ta iuxo« oov abfQ((iw ...

»OL uupoi iitav oQ80YWVWL Aaxxm XTLOroL ana ueoa. IIWa(yaw r600 ovxva. (DOTE oro rEAo; ovvn8ioaf.1E oe OQWf.1,EV~V'; Aaxxov;. EQLt;a xaromv T1JV u5ea xai Stvcue Qavre{30v ueoc arove; Aaxxov;. Ot yvva(xE; uai; neoiuevav EXEi ?;a1CA(1.lf.1EVe; rj xa8U-J"f1,EVE<;. Orav OW1.l; tptavcuu: eueu; suo unoooui, u; nEQLf.1evoue xafhoflEVOL an: f?;(J), 0 xaOfva; OTOV ttupo rov ... »

Ot ljnm',S; 'HDV vexocov oW[.lcn:wv, 'ttll; T~LOX6vLW;, LOU Iwoijcp, "[n~ P6~a£, LOU Xa·C[.l, Lns; 2XLQa~, "[au lax(j)~. Tl]S; T~l]~, 1:l]~ PaOl~~, ouvcmavTijEll]Xav rtovoi XaL ,(uQw «no TO. [.lvrU.lClTa [.lE ru; '\jJuX£~ EQWT£llfJ,fV([)V XaL XCl1:amW[.lfVWV rtou xafJ,C\)VOVTC1V rtcx; f,~ymVC1V crto tc OJtActXVC1, l] V£XQlxij OLWJtll bWAUBY],XE arr6u£ XQC1UYfS; XaL Tl]V EQ<.OtLXTl JtQOO[.lOVr'j, rrtov n xown C1vnl;;r\Tl]On Tn~ b~o.CPOQELLXr't£ ava01a011£. AULn 11 ECPTl).lfQ11 01l[.l~L(JJ011 TWV '\jJuXWV VEXQWV xm 1.;,WVTo:.VWV OOr'tYl]OE OE JtC1QaA1IQl]I-WTLX'rl f~,uQoY] LO fLwQYO Ioicvvou JtOU EmAfY£l: «ea uvaOtl]OOUVE xaJTon: 6AOL curer, Kru 80. xaBLOOllV OC1V (WlTLAE£ XQ1l0UAAi.O£S, JtUVW oro XOUXOUAl. KL mrtot rtou XELWVTo.v, XL C11ll:oL nou xovcv EQWTa tu; vuxw; «no rrctvw. Asv unoooov vc [.lC11:C1L(i)~OUV 't(JtO~C1 OL [.lrrouAv1:61.;,ES; ... », anct-<pED-- cuto E.[.lElVE fJ,UXQlVy] noooooxto.

Ta Ef:)Qa"Cxu ).lvr't).la1:a l'ltav oty]6EXC1ETLa 10U ' 40 xa~C1Cjluy'il ~aOLXA#)WV JtOU aJttcpt'llyav otnv EQY][.lLa TOU vsxootorpeiou to urrn 'tOW JtEQaonxwv XC1L 10 XfQL tl]S; covovoutcc. L'l.LaoY][.lO~ tEXES r'ttav 1:0U T OLXQ lx6V11 010 XWQo oaou X'ti.o'tl]x£ TO XL LQ LV 'tl]S r eroJtOVlXn£ IXOAne;.

«l:Tr]V CfQXfJ», YQacpa 0 HALa£ UELQ6:n:01JAOS, «0 ToixoixovaX£O;, onox; roy fA Eye n tpaoa, fiXE trtnuivo ro 1CQLY~L1Caro, rov, <"mAGiSr'] roy vnaifJow TExt rov, JrAaL orr] Tew1COVLXT/ l:XOAr] nov

..

I

o 'EQw£ OX£JtEl TY]V Jt6AYl 151

--~~~--~--~·I~-------------------.

iitav tote xooovioxt, oAAa, ueta TO '43, XOrEATl!;E moo: an<5/1£O vuxva wcp6nAoxE<;. O£ Wr6JrAaxEs noootaieoav TaV; xamxAr]&; ana TO 1CEQ{EQya tuitia, ana roy uovrEQo rjAw xai ro BaooaQn· 0 Ua8E vnaieQLO~ TEuersrJ; EX(!V(3E ta olio avcueoa otu; tacp6nAaXEr;. »

In£ TC1cp6rrAaxE£, OE 8a[Lvoue; xm anC1 xQucp6 011[LEtC1 fXQ1.1[3av xm or EQuaTES T11e; Jt£QLOXne;, we; t11b€xo.ETLa TOU '70, To. EQwnxa ouv£Qya rtou tc ff:)ya~C1v OE x68€ EQwnxTj JtQuSTJ, ).lla XOUQ£AOU r't Eva xo.QT6vl, ECjlTJl-lEQL6ES YLa x6ElE XQr't011 Xl EVa ).lo:.xaLQL ylet xaOE EvbEXO[LEVO.

NonOaVaTOAlX6 rou Ef:)QC1'CXOU vExQotacpdoll, [3QLoxovmv ws rc [.l£oo. t11S OEXaEtLae; rou '60 OL JtQOOCjlUYLXOL auvOLXLO[LOL tll£ Ayiar; cPwrn vl/sXaL rou MfyaAov AAf!;dvbQov6Jtou, orov YXQE[.lLa't11xo.v La [LL~EQC1 xa).l60m ro, o.nAwB11xav [LE aVOLXTWOLct rc xTLQLa Tllt:; L'l.LE!JVOUt; 'Ex8wy]s, TOu JIaVEJtLOT11fJ,Lou xm to AAE- 1;av6QELo MEA0.8Qo. eQaxLWUt; xm MlxQaoLaTE£ nQ6ocpuYES, nou t1.;,noav ro MOXOAU XQ6VLo:. T11£ JtQOOCjluytctt; or«; o.uElaLQEtE~ rraQayxE£ XC1L aJtoxatW1:11fJ,EVOL 01:EyctOt11xo.v EVtO,£L O£ JtOAUX(HOLXi,£S Tllt:; NEue; KQnvl]t;, 8UfJ,OUV'tCtL crto rn OUVOLX[C1 roue EQwnx££ X(1l n£QL8wQlUXEt:; AEL TOUQYLEt;, nou [L£YE8uVOVTo.l ).lEO~ nrro 'to XQovo XaL ty] VOOtC1AYLC1 t01) XWQou.

H Ayi,C1 (PWTElVr"i, SExo.afJ,EVll ouvoixtc orn ouvd6110y] t11S vE6- TEQTJe; rr6At]t:;, O1JYX£V'tQWVf IlJToQvTEAa,'tEXEO££ xm ta[3EQVEt; orcou O1)xva~av xo.oLxAt'j6Ee; XC1L 6v8QwrrOl Tlle; vuX'me;. I1:oV XEVtQlXO oQ6[L0 t11e; OuvolxLa£, T11V 060 NOOOXO[L£LWV, aJt' orcou JtEQvououv Yla rc xarrvO[Laya~C1 xm 1:' ana EQyoo'taoLC1 tTJ£ Jt6- A11£ JtQOOCPUYES; aJT6 rnv Touurto, 1.IJtrlQXo.v ou~6:6lxa [LE YQafJ,[LoCjlWVC1 XCtl cpw~ aOEtUA[Vl]S, EVW 01OU£ n(ow oQOfJ,OUS OTEy&~Ovtnv OLXOL o.voxr'te; xm XQUCPOLTEXE':O£t:;. H CjlHUXOAOYL& t11£ AYLC1e; tPW1:EL vr't:;, rrou TjTC1v &aXET11 [.lE to. bQ(!)[L£va T11S VUX1:at:;, OUXVC1~E us ne; xUQlaxunxEt:; OUQEe; OTOV XlV11[LaT0YQctCjlO ZamteLOV, xovrc ern [36QELa rruA11 t11S flEe, JtOU Xo.uOo.CjlLOt11xE TO 1930 YLo. vc €JTExwBe( 0 XWQoe; t11t; L'l.LE8vous 'Ex8£Ol1e;.

H ~Wrl TOll 8o:.vatou C1JtAwv6wv XCtl rr£Qa uno to E[3Qa'Cxa uvnuctc, ue TTJ bn[L~OUQYLa, OTO [LEOon6AEfJ,0, 10U v£XQOto.CPE(OU «C1- n6Qwv oQ8oMl;wv» OTl] L16!;a, nou Au t01.1QYOUOE wS JtaQaQtllfJ,o. T11t:; E1.)o.xy£ALoTQLac; xm. BQLOx6tav [LE1Usu TOU ESOXlXOU X£-

152

XQLOtoe; ZCU:pELQTJe;

VtQOV XOQrar~Jj&~ XaL TOU JtQOOCPUYlX01J 011VOLXW!lOU LTJe; TQlavoQla£, vvoxrro w£ XOL!lTJtrlQLO LTle; Ay£QI; WWLELyrl£. Meo« O'TTJV Katoxn, ornv OL AOL!lOL, n nELVa XaL OL EXLEAEOEL£, !la1;J us LOU£ OLaXQOYLXOU£ OLXOYEYELaXOU£ t6.cpOU£ nQOx6.AEOay aOLaXWQTJTO OLTJY EuaYYEALOLQLa, a Lll]!lO£ oQy6.YWaE to EyxmaAEL!l!lEVO XOL!lntl]QLO LTJ£ Ay(a£ WWtELYl]£ YLa va 8Ct'ljJEL LOU£ a6LxoOXOtW!l£YOU£ xru JtOAU6.QL8!lOU£ YEXQOU£ TTJ£ KatoXrl£ xm rou E!lCPUAlOU,

TTJY EQTJ!lTJ JtEQLOXrl, rtou anEnVEE cpQLxTJ xru nOAe!lO ue HS OUVEXEL£ OTQCtLLWtLXE£ aoxi]oEL£ XaL TOU£ CPTWXOU£ T6.cpOUS TWY cpaVt6.QWV nov n£8mvay OTO YELTOVLXO OtQatLW'tLXO voooxousto, OLEOXLsay Xa8n!lEQLV6. oi x6.TOlXOL TTJS TQlCJ..yoQLw; nov Ecpmvav aTTJV EyvaLLa nEQVWVTa£ crro TO VEXQOTacpdo TTJ£ AYLa£ Q:lWTELVrlS, TTJ OQoaEQi] xm xa!lEVTJ arl!lEQa QE!lGTL6. rou MJtLALQn, XaL ueoco 'tTJe; ooou XOQTaTsrlOWV, OTO u1.jJO£ TOU VOOOXO!lELOU AXEIIA, EcpTavav oro L:LVTQL~6.VL. OL VEaQE£ nQoacpuyonouA££, nov aVE~OXCJ..TE~aLVaV!-l£ rc JtobLa OTa xanvoJ.!6.ya1;,a tTJ£ nOATJ£, nQOTL!-lOuaav va XUXAOCPOQOUV O!laOLXU, YLa va anocpuyovv rc nELQ6.YJ.!ata Tu)V SE!-lOVaXLaa!lEVWV cpavT6.QWV nov anaOXOAOUvtnv OTa XL vnt« oXOnEUtrlQLa XaL to SEXOQtCtQLaOJ.!a rou otocTLWTLXOU XOLIJTJTTJQLOU, 'O[.tW£, JtaQ6. TTJV EQTJ[.tL6. TOU XWQOU xaL TO cpo~O JtOV nQoxaAouoav Ta YELTOVLX6. XOl!lTJTrlQW, TLI; EAEU8EQE£ XOQTO:QLaOJ.!EVE£ aMVE£ TTJe; Ll6saS JtQon[.touoav WS aocpaArl EQWTLX6. XmGcpUYLa non6. 1;,EuyaQLa JtOU Ecp8avav rn coroveoucrc we; TO OOUQOUJtO cno rn 0EOoaAOV£Xlj XaL TOU£ JtEQU; nQoocpuYLxoi,£ OUVOLXLOJ.!OU£,

To vExQOtacpELo Tn£ Ay£as Q:lWTELVrl£ aT<'18TJXE TO XOWTJTrlQLO TWV 0[.ta6LXWV tcqxov J.!E EXTEA£Oj.!EVOU£ cno rc taYJ.!ata «otpoAdas aTO TEAOS TTJ£ KaTOXrl£ XaL TOV E!lCPUALO xm TaUS anQoo- 6LOQL010U£ VEXQOV£ TTJ£ abEQ(pOO(paYtie;, xm J.!E1aJtoAEJ.!LX6. EYXac 1aAELcp8nXE YLa va aVEYEQ8E( 01TJ J.!£YaAUTEQTJ ExtaOl] TOU TO KnuTaT1;,oYAELO L:TaOLo. OL J.!JtOUAVT6sE£ rtou avEoxa1.jJav rc 8EIJEALa TOU O'TaoLOv j3Qnxav ro oor« oucoixcov 1acpwv cvcovuuorv VExQwv tou E!-tCPUALOU XaL TO: nEmsav ws xowo J.!Jt6.sa OTL£ £JtLXWOEL£ TTJ£ vEae; JtaQaALCl.S Tl)S Jt6ATJ£.

TTJv (oLa TUXTJ J.!E TO vexootcopeto TTJS AYLa£ Q:lWTELVrlS ElXE XaL to !-tvrlJ.!a tau TJQWLXOU EJtLAaQXou L:T. BOAaVl), TOU JtQwtOu aSLWflanxou nov EXTEAEOtl)XE etc £flJtEoa TTJ£ Ll61;a£ ue ouvorrnxe;

o 'EQw£ OX£JtEL TTJV JtOATJ

153

btaclLxaOLE£ YLa tTJ OUJ.!flETOXrl tau OTO XLVTJfla TWY OTJfloxQanxwv at;LWflaTLXWV TO MaQno TOU 1935. To flVrlflG rou BOAaVTJ, JtOU ELXE flJtEL oro !-tan avnfjEvLsEALXWV XaL cpaOLOLWV nQoxaAWVTCI.i; TTJV aVTLbQaoTJ TTJS TIayxQrlTW£ AOEAcpOtTJTas TTJ£ 0EooaAOvbtne;, XaTCl.OTQacpTJXE tEALxa, aJtoxo[3oVTaS XaL TTJV e[1JtQaYJ.LatTl LOTOQLXrl [.tVrlflTJ turv OTJfloXQanxwv O1QaUW'(LXWV XLVTJJ.L6.TWV, ue LTJV JtQoEKmOTJ TTJe; 060u AYLOU LlTJflTJTQLOU,

H LO,(OQLXrl flVnJ.LTJ '(TJ£ aVaTOALXrle; SWVTJ£ TTJe; 8£OoaAovLXllS, avalJ,£Oa ala j3usaVTLva TdXTJ xaL TaV£ nQoocpUYlXOU£ OlXLa!10US Tns Tou!1nas, LTJS MaAaXOJtrlS XaL tTJe; TQLaVOQi.ae;, EXeL aAAOLW- 8EL JtaV'(eAwe;, IJ,La XaL xcvevc EVOUXTLx6 LOtOQLX6 xataAOt:JtO OEV EXEL bLCl.OwlkL, JtEQa «no EAaXLOTOUe; QWIJ.a'LxoUs XaL naAaLOXQLonavLxou£ '(cicpou£ nov ctaTTJQi]8TJxav OTTJV naveJtLOTTJflLOUJtOA TJ. OUTE aXOIJ. TJ XaL to JtEQL~OTJTO K 6xxt vo Lni rz, c£JtAa OTnV ta!3EQva Aaba, OJt01J '1L VOVTav OL EXTEAEOEL£ JtatQLWTWV OTTJV JtEQLOXti torv L:aQuvTa EXXATJOLWV, bev OWTTJQrl8l'jXE w£ swv1:aVO IJ,VTJIJ.ELO TTJS aOLXl'je; {hlaLa£. Kt nv OEY VJtrlQXE a nl,vaxa£ TOU TIauAou MooXLol'j, 8a EIJ.8LVaV !-tOVO OL flVtlflee; TWV JtaLOLWV tl'je; OEXaELlas TOU '40, rtou naQaxoAouSouoav an6 YELTOVLXOUS YTJMcpoue; HS EXTEAEOELS, XaL OL nEQLYQCl.CPE£ TWV OWOl)AWLWV aywvWtWV nov TOV OXTW[3QLO TOU 1945 EcpTaoav ~LE nOQda crro TTJ ~LE'I6.ATJ oLaonAwaTJ ornv JtAatELa TTJS AYLae; L:ocpi,ae; we; to ucrr»~EVO eQELJtLO XaL xaLE8wav O'tECPCtV~ yLa TOUe; aOLxooxOTWflE- vouc. Tc IJ.ETaXOUVtLxCt XQ6vLa, ot xma8EoeLS TWV oTEcpavLwv YLa TOUS EXTeAW!1EVOU£ TTJ£ KatoXrlS, xa8E 30 OXT<i)~Qn, yi,vovrci OTOV toi,Xo TO'll aUA6YUQou LOU Aaoa, xa8w£ OL rrvurtorrrot OeQ!3L t6QOL xalJ,0YEA01)V aJ.!tlxava YLa tTJ IJ,etaTQoJtrl TTJ<; Taf)EQvae; 010 JtEQLOTamax6 nQWo.

o ~LOvaOLx6£ ELbVAAWx6S ronoc; OTn j.!aUQLAa tOU Ocvcro» 1:TJ<; mQLOXtle;, nrcv nQOJtOAE~Lxa to QE!la taU MJtLAlQTJ, IJ,E TO OLXOYCVELax6 XEVtQO XOQrar~Jj&~TOU f. TIEVT1;,[XTJ 010 XWQO TWV CPOLT'l'jLLXWV W'tLWV XaL 010 j36.80S rou Q£IJ.CX10e; IJ,E TLS xaQUOLEe; XaL TO, JtAaTaVLa to XEVTQO KaQvOtEt; onon EcpTavav OE nQ6XHQa aEJtaQE EQWtLXci 1;,€UYUQaXLa.

«To oeua TOV MmAiQ1] Jjraveva 6vEtQo», 8uflCtTaL 0 HALas IIeTQOJtOUAOS, «xaotavui; avxdq, EvxaA vnrm, xaoixu: f1,E l;aQ~O:-

154

j3an'K6, xtAt6&e; nOVAt6 xat {3a7:Q6xw. Sto j368oe; EiXE xi tva XOQEvnxo xtV7:QO ue ytQAaV7:Ee; cno 'KO'K'Kwa Aat.m£OVta. Oi TfAi8wt nOAwo6/lOt uca; xaTt07:QE1jJav OAEe; tu; QE/lante; 7:1]r; eeaaaAovi'K1]r;, /lat;i xat. 7:Tf oeuatui WV MmAiQ7I I1E 7:0 y6QyaQo veQax£. [[6- vnor; 7:0 '44 ow 'KEvrQO wv M:rnAiQTJ ovxv6t;avE /lOVO tcvuauxacpa),{7:Ee; nov ';EvvX7:6yave tu: tu; JroV7:aVEr;.»

L'!.Ln:A,U aTO E~OXLXO XfVtQO Xootatistoe«, uvcqJ..ECJU OLO EfIQu'Cxo VEXgOtClqlE'Lo XClL tL~ LUQUVTCl EXXAl']OLE~, !3gw·H.6tClv crto t1'] oExanLu tOU '20 0 OLXLO[J..6~ «IIauAo£ MEAU£», 0 ortotoc ~tETU rnv OLx060~HXi) tvoooi) tOU [J..E tOY Un:EQXE'L[J..EVO OUVOLXLO[J..6 trov 8QaXL(0t{0v n:Qoocpuyoov El;acpuvLotTJx£, 6n:(0£ 0' OA6XA1']Q1'] rnv m:Q~[J..nQo TTJs n:6kn~ OL EVOLCx[J..WE£ aACxvE~ XClL TCl EUOLCxxQLta 6QLa nov VE(0V OLXLO[J..<0V. LTa on:Lna rou «lluUAo1J M£AU» £lxav anoxaTaoTa8d tQLCxVta nEQLnOl) OLXOYfVEU::£ aYuwwTwV tau MaxEoovLXOU uywva coto rn [J..£Lt,ova Mcxeoovto.

LTOU£ XOQrarf;rj&c;, TQayouolloav OT1'] oExaETLa TOll '500 2:TEALO~ KaL;,avtt,w1']£, 0 BaOLAl']£ TOLWUV1']£, 0 MavwAll~ Xuirtnc; 11 MaLQll Atvtn XaL fJ 2:E!3aOtrj IIanaoOrtOl)AOll nrto tCX KOXXLVWYLa L'!.Qu[J..a£, YV(00trj OTOV x6o[J..0 TOll Q£[J..rtETlXOU w£ L£I)u;; Xovouu, nou tt,TJO£ TCX naLOLXU XaL Y£QOVtLXU TTJ£ XQovLa OtTJV xovnvn Necnovn xm rtf8avE I;Exao[J..EVfJ xm [J..OVTJ to 1990 OTO voooxoueto «rEWQYLO£ Ilnncvrxoxcou».

2:tllV UnOT£ anoTQon:ma nEQLoXrj, VfOL, a8AOU[J..EVOL ow KCI.1)taTt,6YAELO, 10 XOA1J[J..[3fJTrjQLO xaL TOV HQaxAiJ, CPOLTfJtE;; XCll £VOLXOL HOV CPOLTlltLXWV £OUWV, OEQYLavouv ayxaALCl.O usvot , XUVOUV fQWTa CiJtEQLonCiotOL coto rn cpo:.vtaO[J..CiTo:. TOU rtCiQEA86- VW£ XaL tQo:.you6ouv OTTJ Y£L1OVLXrj TarlfQVCi MnAE naQ68vQa, TO [J..OVCiOlX6 naAl6 aQxovtLx6 n01J 6LaTllQd TTJV nQOJtoAquxit o:.T[J..OocpaLga TTJ£ nEQLOxit£, orcou tc CPUOLXU XW[J..ata, Q£[J..aTCX xm A6cpOL, £X01)V avo:.OE1JtEl [J..E tEXVntEC; EJtLXWOEL;; XaL EXOXa<:p£;; YLa tTJV noAE06o[J..LXn [J..ETa[J..6QqlwofJ XaL trrv EJt£XtaOll TfJ£ rt6Alle;·

I

2:E'IX IOY, TO EPQTIKO 8ABQP

Kat nQEJrn yw no?c,.1"ov<; TO IttX Iov va EytVf TO fQ([)HXO 0o.(3wQ, onov TO aXTk oro qJ(J)~ JfOV fxnoQfvfTaL ano TO nEQtnoe1]ro XOQ/l( TOll aAAOV, TOm; JfEQaOE yta tao. onY/lrl, XL ana rors W£, W YT/QaTHa bEv xaTOQt.lcooav va 1]Qe/lrlOOVv.

I'tnrroz IQANNOY To r5~x6 ua; aiuo:

To JtfQwonx6 ouoo~ tOU LfLX LOU, CLaf)OllTO ov« to rrovEnitvLO w~ i'lQaxo[301JVL, t,woyova AOCPOOELQ6. OtfJ VECPOJtAllXTll n6All, owowL;,ETaL OTTJV ato[J..LxiJ XaL xa60ALXn !lVTHJ..T] wC; EQwnx6 Hxvo TWV nEQLOooTEQWV 8WOo:.AOVlXLWV, veWV, JtagEmOTJIJOuvtWV XaL Ecprj[J..EQWV EJ1WXEJ1TWV, xo:.tuAAllAO Yla «eunooiouevouc XaL CiUVtaQaXtLXOuC; EQWTES», ortou 0 tOQwLas tlle; av6.[3aoTJ~ aValJELyvuEWL IJ' C11Jt6v Tll~ EQWTLxiJ~ aywvLo:.~ xm JtQoo[J..ovn~. «KaL JtQ£nEL YLo:. Jtonou~ to LflX 2.:01J va £YLVE to EQ(0TLx6 8aj3wQ», EJ1LOTJflo.i,VEL 0 fLwQYo£ Ioxrvvou, «orrou to UXTLOTO CP(0~ rtou fxnoQEUETaL an6 TO JTEQLJt66fJto xOQ!J..L TOU aAA.OU, T01J~ oLaJttQaoE YLo. [J..LU otLY[J..rj, Xl nno T6TE oo~ tc YllQatELU tOU;; bEV xaToQ8woav Vo.llQEflrjoouv.»

EQwTLx6 xatacpuyLO f,LUOtLXWV EQWTu)V XaL avaxwQlltwV, EJtL XQ6vLa nQooJtEA6.oLf,LO [J..E rc n6bLa, onou 10 j3QaxwoE~ tbacpoe; XaL to ouo[3ata uovonrrno tbLvav ne; JtQotlno8to£l£ yw ipcuotucro XEQLWV XaL XOQf,LlWV, nQlv 11 oamxrj llJtTJQEOLa, YLa TO cp6j30

156

XQL01;O~ Zm:pELQll~

Tll~ cpwnu~, avoL);£L oQ6J,.lou~ XaL aVnJtuQLXf£ ~O)vE£, f30118o)vTO£ ETOL TOU£ EQaatE£ vc nQOOEYYL~OUV TO OCWO~ ),lE nOtXLALa OOLXWV EnaoQ0IJ..WV nQo£ TL£ XOQUCPf£ XaL OWIJ..ETQLxa orro TO ErrrnrtncyLO nQo£ TO XOQnaTl] XaL TOV xcuno tOU Aayxaoa. To ocoo; to 2:ELX L01J 6 La'wQaXTllxE ono Tll bLavOLSY] TY]~ nEQLcpEQHaXn~ ooou atll oExaETLa T01J ovoovrc, areox6j3ovTa£ tnv re6Al] coro tnv aIJ..EOY] baOLXn reQooEYYWy] XaL avayxa~ovTO£ T01J~ aJ,.lfQLIJ..V01.J£ EQWTEUJ,.lfVOU£ va aVa(;ll'W1JV oLaj3aou£ YLa vo cpTaOO1JV xma tnv nsQLcpAEyn avoca aocpaAEL£ OTa cp1Jotxa xQuocp1JYETa.

To 60.00£ T01.J 2:fLX 2:01J £Xu bLacpoQETLXa baooAoYLxa XaL xtnJ,.laTOAoYLxa oQLa XaL anT) EQWTLXn oQL08ETllOll. H naQaooowxn nQooEYYLOl1 EQWTLXCOV l;,E1JyaQLwv vrvotov rrovrc crto Tl1 vOTLa nA€lJQa, aVaTOALXo. tl1~ naAui£ n6Al]~, cno TO. j31Jl;,aVTLva TdXl1, TOV A.ylO IIa1JAO, reo.vw cote TO Ol1f,lOtLXO VOOOXOIJ..do XaL rc VEXQOTaqJELa, HjV AyLo. IIaQaoxE1Jn, TL£ LaQaVTa ExxAlloi.E~ XaL Tl1V Avm To1J[.WLo.. 0 n1JQnva£ TWV €QWTLXWV nEQLnT1JSEWV rrrov Y1JQW nrto TO OlJf,l€QLVO 8ECtTQO 6o.oou£ XaL TO VEQO ton LETXl1, on01J OL aVTa1JYEL€£ TWV aOTLXWV CPWTWV XaL lJ o.xoBoA. n TlJ~ noAll~ nIJ..EQEuav tc 13Q6.oLCt trr XOQLTOLa xaAU1EQCI. nrto ro uyxw6y] AOYW TWV EQUOTWV. OL OWOQO),lEt; 'lOU fQWTa nQOt; 'to LfLX 2:01.1 axoAo1J801Joav XaL ro XUAV1EQL!J,La Tl1£ rioveo nOAllI;, coto TO Ll.LOLXlJTnQLOXaLTO TmvaQL, Tl1 uovn BA.cnaowv, TOv A.yw NLXOAao OQcpavo XaL trrv nAaTELCt KanL8Ea£, ue EVOLa!J,EOE£ ato.OELC; Tllt; xa800LXn~ E1.JOCtLJ,.lOvLac; ut; YQacpLXE£ TaBfQVE~ TWV xaOTQWV. LTa XQOVLCt T01J J,.lEOOJtOAEJ,.101J VWQOL xaVTaoOQOL ue xL8aQ££ nsQLEqJfQav Tl1 J,.lOUOLXn fQWTLXn avCtl;,nT110y] OTa AfL1.jJOcpWTa 6QoJ,.laXLa Tll£ mrvco nOAl]£ XaL f,l£TanOAEIJ..LXo. oLaonal;,av t11 VUXTEQLVn nOUXLCt EUT1JXLOJ,.lEVCI. xaxaV11'tO: XaL anaYOQEU/lfva 'tQaY01JOW <:pm rnnov, rtou XOQ1JcpwvCtV rnv £QWTLxiJ E)Jwxi.a one; CtVWnOAL'tLXES 'taj3fQVE£ XaL TO OUOEV'tQCt LOU LELX LOU.

«Oi oq6f.lo£ nov vnfQn7}OOVv TOV~ soao»; nov V'ljJQWOVTat mivw an6 T7} 8eooaAovixTJ, aEqvoVTm ano m xa{.l7}A6. ora 1/J11A6. covtaote; oueouive;», YQCx.qJEL ornv IIQayf.laroyvwaia TOU 0 Ntxo£ faj3QLnA IIfV'tl;,LXll£. «Iouxiteoa exeivo: nov sex£vwvra~ aito TTJV Toouna, TOW naiovovv ta xoioi«, f)eAovra~ va Wif)ovv cot; nov Ba nQoxwQr,oovv "at T£ fJa xavovv r« ~evyaQw TWV eoone»uevtov nov sE{.lOVax£a~OVTat. BMnovv xm T' af)wo otoua TOV~

o 'EQw£ OXEnEL tnv nOAll

157

YEf.l{~e£ /3QO{.l6Aoya. AUa {3aqwvvrm va f3Mnovv "at aQxwav va qixvovv niTQf~ otu; qEf.lar£f.~ tu: m xaqoaf.la xai rov~ (3arQaxov~. A).).a xQaTOVv ioooooxia navw OTOV~ oWAr,vEs nov «eovovvan6 TO Kaocaexe TO VEq6.»

To 6aoo}"oYLx6 LfLX LOU EX'tELVETaL crto w; naQuqJEC; TWV auElaLQEtWV OTa METfwQa XaL to Ll.iJf,lO IIoALXVll£, T11 NECx.JtOAll, rnv TQLavoQLa, mv Toourcc XaL trrv IIuAo.i.a, JWU TO xmaTQWYOUV IJ..€ aYQOLXL€£ XaL nOAE060/lLXE~ EJt€xtaOEL~, we; to IIavoQCI.!J,CI., to PEVTl;,LXL XaL TTJV EsoXn;f,l€ j30Q£LO OQLO 'to naQaoEi.oLo QE1J[.la TOU AO!3EOTOXWQLOU ortou 'to ucp80vo VEQO XLV01JOE otu j3ul::,avTLvu XQOVLCt V€QOJ..lUAOUe;.

To ELOUAA.LaXO Jt6.QXO, J..lE JtEUXCt, nAmavw, AE1JX£~, ocpEvtaIJ..LCt, XUJtCtQLoma, JtOUQVCtQLE£ XaL OXLva, TCt1JT(O'tllXE xma XaLQ01Je; J,.l€ Tll 8aAAouoa llQ€f.li.a XaL EUOaLJ,.lOvi.a TTJe; nOAl1e; XaL anoyuJ,.lvw8T)XE Of CtAu)O£L£, €QTJJ,.lWO£L~ XaL AETJACtoLE£ j3aQj3aQwv XaL CtOEOnoTWV vtonuov. TTJV OQYUVWJ.I,EVll O£VTQOCP1Jt€UOl1, yLCI. rn ouyxQarnon 'tWV JtEtQWJ,.l6:.tWV XaL 'tOY EAEYXO 'tWV xaToALo8ijOEWV oru; ano(Ja6QW[.lfV€~ nAaYLE£ CtVaTOALXa tWV i3u~aVTLVWV 'tELXWV, onw£ anoTunw611xav one; qJw'toygaqJLEe; tOU il>QEVt Mnoixroovo OTL~ aQxee; rou cuovc, axoAo1J811oav OTO [.lfOOnOAEJ,.lO EsOQl-tnO£L£ 0xoAtLwv, EIIONLTwv, crocncororv, qJuAaxLO[.lEVWV TOU I'eVTL KouAt, CPOL'tTJtwV, JtQooxc'lJtWV XaL cpLAav8Qwmxwv oQYCtvwOEWV, XaL [.leta TTJV EJ,.lcp1JALCt avmaQCtxn 11 oQCt'tt'j crro rn 96:.Aaooa yUJ,.lvLa TOU 130UV01J xuA'0cp8nXE [.l£ JtoA'0XQOV11 qJutEUOYj. KaL w~ JtQ60cpm:a OL orrovovot 'to1J£ aVCl.xaAuJt'touv SUALVE~ n toLyXLV€~ mvaxLOEe; [.l€ BunT LOtLXa OV0I-tUTa navw OE atQOqJLXCx. xAwvaQLa Jt€1JXWV XaL xunaQLOOLwv, rtou we; !3QOXOL cvouvnosrov OLCtOWl::,ouv rc ovounto rcov veoodrv CPUTEutwv, tWV ortotrov TWQa rtctOL6:. XaL EYyovLa T01J£ Cl.JtOAa[.lj3o.vouv x6:.oLa XaL 6aAJtwQij xrrtro coto TOV LOXLO trov Jta'tQoyovLXWV OEV'tQWV, Jt01J II qJUTEUOt'j TOUe; rrrcv CtqJoQ[.ln YLa w; EQWtLXE£ ava13aone; rotx.

«To sttX LOl! r,rav xaTaAAryAo YW TO anoveuua, vWQ{~ TO f3Qa- 15v, axoua xm vux ta noonv«, Of eoon»; ocpo15Qov~ xat aneAJrtouevoix; nov /3yaCovv ror6 roy XOLv6 Qvf)f.l6 revs avfJQ(/;nov~», YQacp£L 0 fLwQyoe; Ioxrvvou. «Ta naqf)EvLxa a{3yaA ta otbuata, nov nOAAa rovs txovv axo xcuoo avaA veei OE XW{.lO, q;vTa xai

158

evtoua, rj8fAav va fWXWQOVV f3a8ui uo; oro Bcirvo, exei va O{vovv ra rptAUX xc: rov~ 6QJiov~ TWV, va 6txovrat IlE XaTaVV~ij TrW aipu: {lVQWOUX TOV rQaxLOV XOQfJLOV, fJa~i W Ta ovv8AtfJIleVa aYQl6xoQra xat oaoixia, nov TrJV avot~1] Ila~d)allf YW ~ffJanouo, xi vcteoa, av Jian otn Oxe01] bfv Ji1jymvE xaAa, itoavua mOavotato, va nEQ~rpEQOVTal E6w xai va Oonvoov, va xa80vTm xca va 1l0VOXEVOVV n~ nfVxof3d6vf~ fJE xauta oaxQva, nov &v eivai Xae6AOV yw ~lva ytAw 6rav avaf3Av~ovv ono ta 6lxa oou r] aXfO()V ta &xa oov iuitux. Kat aVToxTOviE~ aQXfTE~ EXOVV 01]IlEtw8Ei EOW, xuoio»; IlC01]AijTrjQlO fJ ue aYX6vT/. Kai nQEnEl oxoiotmxote Ta MvrQa nov DtaAfYov m OVT6XftQE~ va fJT/V mav aOXETO ue TO 01JfJEio onou xanoia onYllfl, oev WXVQ6TaTij ijAEXTQLXrj fXXEVWOl1 6iXT1JXaV T1JV XOQvrpWOl1 TOV eQwra rov~. To xAa6i rov biVTQOV an' onou nfQw6mv ro oxoi vi rjTov TO 6vvar6 ustoatao rov nOAlxoQLOV rj TO VfVQlX6 XiQt rij~ xoneAa~, xai TO E6arpo~ IlE tu; nEVxof3EA6vE~, ()nov orpa(jo~e TO tpaouaxonuivo xooui, fiXfaxo{A1] TO (XVl1 ano ta nOAvwQa 1;aVafJfJEVa XaeCa{AaTa TOV~, 1;anAw{lam, oxoua xai aral;illam.»

2:10 naAL6TEgout; xmQout; T) XAwgLoa TOU j3ouvou EVTunwoLal;E 010 OT)~£LO rtou DEV ELvm um::gBoALXeJ. 60a EYQacpE YLa TO 2:ELX 2:01.1 o f)ul;avnv6t; WTOQLX6t; Ioxrvvnc; KaiJ,EVLeJ.Tllt;: «To nQos: ovcroAat; 010 Tllt; n6AEWt; 6Qot; Wt; ALav fOTL naYXC1.AEt; XaL socoiuov. KEXOOW1TaL yaQ OEVOQfOLV a~qJLAa6EoLv, nC1.QaoEtooL£ nOLxLAOL£, uOCtOLV anELQOL£ TOL£ ~EV JtllyaLoL£ TOLt; 010 norcuto«; OLt; aL A6X~m T01) 6Q01)e; TW nEolw XCtgi.l;OVTaL XClL C1.1ITijv 010 Od;LOUVTC1.L TYJV 6aACtOoCtv, alillEAOL YC1.Q CtAAr]AClL£ naQanEqJUTEU[,i.EVClL La XWQ(Ct OTEqJCtVOUOL, XaL 1:0V qJLA6xCtAOV ocpeC1.A~6v TT] JtA T]61JL TWV xaQJtwv w; EUqJgoouvllv nQoTQEnOV1:aL.»

XT(O~aTCt DEV unijQXCtv nCtALa ow 2:tLX 2:ou, ij omo£ anLW£ TO AEvt: «XLALCt ~EvTQa» XaL «KEOQT]VO Aoqio», f,l.EQLXtr; uovo CtYQOLXLE£ XaL oniVEt;, OUTE oxuA6.oLxa mij811XC1.V nOLE outs E'~OXLXeJ. XEVTQa 1(JlJXCtywyLCt£. To ~E80QLC1.XO ESOXLXO XtVTQO ijTCtV YUQw nrto TO OEUTEQO nOAE~o, ornv JtEQLOXij TWV 2:C1.QCt.VTa EXXAllOLWV, OL XOQraT~1j&~, onou Oij~EgCt E(VaL XTLOf,l.EVE£ OL qJOLTT)TLXE£ fOtLE£. ~ESLOtEQa, ~EOCt ern gqlC1.tLa, rrrcv to xsvroo KaQvtnet;, onou XCttEqJ£llyav QOlJ,.avTLxeJ. l;EuyaQCt.xLCt, XaL aVC1.1:0ALXOtEQCt, OTT]V

159

CtQxij 111£ Q£IJ,.CtneJ.£, nrov TO Koxxtvo 2:nin orcou ore XQOVLC1. TT)e; Kawxij£ XaL tou E!J,CPUAI.OU YL VOVTav £X1EAEO£L£ nClTQLw1WV coto fEQ!J,CtVOU£ XClL OOOLAOyOlle;.

To LELX 2:011 rrrov XWQoe; EX1£AEOEWV xm nOnOL EQWW; av80- j30AT]OCtV n6.vw oro aL!J,a a8cilwv VEWV, nou nCt.AE1.jJav yLCt tT]V ClTO~LXij xm E6vLXij CtsLOnQEJtELCl, xru nOAA(Dv Ct.tuxwv 6u~aTwv nou EXTEAEotT]Xav ern oi.VT) TOll EWPUALOll crro TC1.y~CtTaOqJaALTEe;, aAM XClL crto EACW(-W; ~ETa TT) BagxLI;Ct.

2:'tCt XQ6VLa Tlle; Ka"(oxij£ XaL 1:0U Ef,l.CPUAlOll OL naQUcpE£ rou 2:ELX 2:ou l)TaV y£[,i.atEe; us 1Ct.cpOU£ EX1EA£O~EVWV. Iltoto coto "(0 En"(anuQYLO, rrrov tOY XaLQo rou Ef,l.cpuALOU 1:0 VEXQO-.;acp£(o TWV TOUCPEXLO~EVWV ortou JtaQuxwvav nQ6XELga TOUe; ExnAw~Evouc urro tL£ oUVOnTLXEC; owbLxaoL£C; TWV EXTax1wv cHQatOOLX£LWV.

«A UW( Ot tospo: bEv EixavE ume nAaxa, fJr7TE amvQ6, fJr7TE Tinote», nEQLYQCt.CPEL 0 HALae; IIE-.;gonollAOe;. «H XaeE {lava 1j~fQf TOV uupo TOV naioun) 7:11~ ano eva IllxQ6 011{AaDL, roVf3AO r7 staAOVJiaJiL. Kostou xaxo» EQx6mv oro, emonuou; avvnaQxTO, NExootcapeio TWV TOVrpEJiLOfJEVWV iua xaQoXa{AEVTj xai aty6XAatE, evto ano iT/V niaca oxonui T1J~ <pvAaXr7~ 0 XWQo<pvAaxa~ JiOimYE IlE nEQLeQYfw. Dmv xoraiaave oi toixpexcouoi, fJE 7:1]V xv{3iQvij- 0'1] IHaoTrjQa, OL Ilava&; !;E8aQQf1jJav JiL Exnoav, ueoa oe XQ6vo QEXOQ, 6AOV~ WV~ tiupoix; M6At~ eneoe 0 IIAaorfJQa~, 0 ocoocnnt~ TOV I:' 2:wllaTor; 2:TQarov EOTElAf TTjV f.lJtOVA vr6~a xm xateoTQE1jJe &a naVTO~ TO oEnTO vexootcapeio YUW TovrpEXWIlEVWV Kouuouvurtrbv.»

Ta xaQa[,i.ata tT]£ 5T)£ MagTI.01.) 1951, OtL£ naQucptt; T01.) 2:ELX LOU EXtEAEO"(llXE !J,al;L ue el;L aX0f.lll VEOU£ ~EAAoe6.vatoue; 0 NLXOe; NLxncpogLoll£, 0 ortoto; ~lal;£llE unoYQacpE£ ~al;L [,i.E Ct.AAa owxooto EXaTa~f.!UQw 0' 6AOV TOV xoouo YLa tT)V «'EXXAllon TT]:; 2:TOXXOAIlT)9>, rrou (':T)TOUOav vc 'tE8EL urto OLE8vl) EA£YXO T] XQijan TWV a'tO[,i.LXWV 6nAwv. 0 Of.!aOLXO£ taqJoe; TaU aYWVLOtij 010 2:ELX 2:ou bEV dvat YVWO'tOC; OtOUe; OLXELOUe; TOU, naQa uovo 0 XEQrJOe; rots XWQO£ rtou yE[,i.WE ml!J,Ega noAuxa'tOLXL£e;.

2:Tll f,l.vr]!J,T] "(WV nC1.ALxaQlWV ncu XOQE1.jJav Xat 'tQayouonaav, we; TEAElltaLa Em8ulJ,.La, urrooorc ow EXTEA£O'tLXO cnoortcouo,

160

Ilo:"l ue u~ ~:t]1l~(t1\JY&; "lJJ1tQ t:n; fM.;nlV'IiJ(;,. ~ d vC(~ w~ 111 V-TJ!J:(:).(ru~ '\10 yta w'tJ~ V£-6'rrEQ~ fltl.ffittnU; TOll kftX :Icm ""ED. Ov6I1tQto:: NL~ KO>:; NtXl1CjlOQUnl!;., etcmH)QO(; OQQ)O.:vU't};, M6OXQ~ ~Oyv-l"\!'\'JI'; •• KWVO'1UV'lI:: i;vo>; ZrH)l y(c;OG,. K(l)Vom.v.-i'Vo>; Mm(Jf.f(;j., Xo.QaAa· !,J.JW~ IlW'too6mm:~~,rfryo.~ nOiQo.th:toW;.

To 3ElX LOU ijt(tv yw TOll~ ;:{1l-Al.63tC; wulu'IG...a~&vO'lJ!; "aiL '~O~ eO:,VQ:roti~ l-01i.l' rtv'Et KO'lJH n ('!l1EQ(1.vt:oaUVl1 'll;l1;~J,.rriho.~, to XW~ !W- :n:QlL~o:.o"e 1:o'U~ O1;I'\I'1;QOqpO"lJ:;; 1im.l~. 11 EQO::rU1<Ln (JX1vtCJOl.illa'tJ ~.A£1JH~~ VtOOl']fIU£, -';0 .]ti~(lV!lO OX111VLM t01)e'J.Lc:>tO'1J 1I0'U';; '"J;& kO'U";. 01, m~l"'r'tt; TO)V ~d.oTOJV wn or f;fJ"uimQact1Y~.; ttov 1-1£1..AOElCWCt 't"(nv ~'lJn'VOUv !J.:E> '[Q rn(('Vo.lalj,l!~O'.v6!lJ!l;'Vo €IQOW!ill rrov J'ffiTIXWV "rial. ~t 41:0 ~ou11lf6 too BuQ{)o{)'Bl .. AlJ't"6£, n~ iJI'Vrn.Jli!~ tmV :JroJ,.1. U'I«(1w 6a:vc:I1iy)w :,i/;((I~ nJ l:l1~(J6{)0I1~1 (UID 1:0fulitort'UQ)'1O m~ to OlJv:rJ&rI 1:6:rr:o torv ~X11EI.,ElO~rov l1u!)t;l.'ro.t oto It(l hUta To 1t(}Wl (I Ma\'6AI1,S; A 'Il'uyvm(f1ruxn£:,. {y)tjl.;~tO'(;O~ lOU E!)!fil'bJAL01J (ItO .r:;:V'EL KouH:

TU.:lfQw[

I'U~:5

Osl1qO£," Meral..itlJ!:6s- tix~

'Y OTego: fa ({!O()'UdflOO xOJuovw

II Ott 8tI1J.tl~l"i~otl~ n; Jl:6(JTc~ 001.' vnvov. K ()t 170 r:8.t[lvrato cnrrio 'nJ~ .rraO~/JO~

Ken Oi ffAfmo:iot j3tJI--Wf'tMJjJoi m~.;' vYQt~ :rMx££, Ka~ ro rclwztdooov YQa~

.'r-ro JrtuDmo l"6"!¢6w t'n~ aQ~O,iUl1riX11!; ).;a-v m1.' ~n{ooilnuQaJ.iVeunJ 'w liixru UCYU fepaxf~~ #IZ ~d(1erS£' ,um.1pt;- YQ(lpp,b;'

Tou n'QM 'Yov'xu(Jov,utVOlJ r,r)l"lmJ rrrV.naQt.ll.ClO"ij.

Ztt~ 16 o$~fIQolJ(1:Q~mJ 1'0'lJ ' 68, oto oriYr~Qo 'XOOvo '"1:1); 'X,0'iwt:a.c;.

ZK'lMt,atl}ft6 (f'EO L€itX E01), qWYVatO'\l1;(1,:~ q.ln¥OflJACl,~01), d"ull a.e.ooo~». 0 AQl.0trUll1~. na"(KQO.tL~rllr;, IDcm €iXf. !>I.C1:To:8lxoc.(n'e:t (If. OOvC!:w, JtO.QO: to o.5LMfrl.Cl"to:. OTQ1Xel.o. '[flit;; a.€IwDTI]'I6:ce;: too noll :n::QC~:K1Jll!Q.V mr6 '0]\1 a',!l;Qoo~tu.TLxf~ &t.03U-[,(1cO~a XO-L M' oco :§;x:1:'()te ~'lI.,\I1l.I1E; 11L511IJ.OOtO'yQo.$M1,~ tQ~'Uva.

H crUJI.),''Ifl~ ~OUE.lXO(ntH,Q6'f..QO'\I'O'U AQtCfUUW)., to Afxtl-l~QW

nQllJlGl.~J.~)l1\i ~~flfj !J.~ wi;i (flO Ptl'ilt~il>!:L... (A(!XEUJ A.IL) Kanw: HE' ~aslR nr;:i:xo),1't; ]l(l~UyW.'f!Il] 10 1 9(M_

RIIl5~Lli: cID.~&a: 0wOllkO\iU'.L'Ii {tOt1\. iI)OOIOY(;'liJpLD: IDll 1'9]'K

nil\'w: E!;(I~O ;{t\It'(IO ow K(D(!(lj.lllO~(!\!Oxt '1ITll ,be)j(ffir~~ to'!) '30..

~kCl¥llI N_Q. Z~~b.JrD.

:hti ;(~vrQO~ H 1tl.aftktJ. rim Ae"''i}lJ)'(i mi~w jJj(M,V tG1U 10 19~o. <Aw:.sl.o U0.l'

UTII~ ,};,ID J\E~'l'.:O ll~~' ~o ~,~S_ (A.p AJL)

l:'rT1J o'itf';~~ j:I~~; :rJ:o~W; ,om)'.nrftCllU'I'~ Y Lvi Xu:1j.J. P. vtE MlIJOmO'il, ElVI'LI)Ml\I 1(1, n[{I[1] to «Zmilll,ru W~LOV ,c~~[(uJ;~. (AQi(E~() A.rn

llfu'W: NmuMo oc mB~Q¥Cl nr; ,eecr~.ovtmJ~ (I'fI] i'm'J"l~rtn 'IOU '40.. (AQ):r,[J:) An.}. ~l'I6Eil;tU a<;u&i: l<rl~ Pll(lOi:lw 0'U]\1 ~{!o;;;l.lllllf1 T% awm:rl0V[:':I]~. {A(fU;l~ An.)

l:"fll}\f ~~"'lJ 0<~..l6(l.: 1(l"'lU')1'fl.o1~.()l ~ 0"Il';. ftQ"~ tI"J; 6r.'«J£li~ 1{J1j! '50. {AQXe~ x~ ZafJJe~Q1'J)

HaW!:); Im I1ttQlro ~ KANe {ff~ 9.1.~. 1941, iinou Tjlav !JI1iIlll~V[} m&ya1.jill TJwB(w. KOOVcrt:(d.vt"LWJU,;fl(;_ll.V ~.TWlt~.iM 0f'IT\' ~'1'.'M;r(f,La ~~i'.QIlrLw,;. (AQ)'):LO A.1l.)

K~Ho); Anoo~L om «M~(!a~QII ro I'l~Do.rr:61E~lO ilRt:>:lITul.!JJl1l1 tL~ ~(ll.ud~ ·nlS rrlui;. {~#~ An)

You're Reading a Free Preview

Download
/*********** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ! ************/ var s_code=s.t();if(s_code)document.write(s_code)//-->