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Σχέσεις Ελλάδος-Τουρκίας Από Τη Λωζάνη Έως Σήμερα

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2012

2012



: 1922-2012

2012

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1.
1922 .

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2012

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1950
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3. : 1923-1926

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2012

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2012

1923-24 ,
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4.
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1928.

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2012

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1922 ,
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2012

1930 .
,
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2012

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1930

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2012

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1934.
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21

2012

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1938.
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2012

4. / (1923-1955)

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2012

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2012

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2012

5. 1955-1973

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26

2012

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1955 .
1964 . ,
,
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1974
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1. 1974

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27

2012

. 1976
1980, 1987 1988
(2000-2004 & 2010-2011) (2004-2009)
. .
1975
:
.

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. 10 1994

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28

2012

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. 14 1996

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/ 25 1998
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1974 1997
:
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1994.

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.
1997
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29

2012

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2012

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31

2012






. . 12
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1974
.

. casus
belli.

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32

2012

2. /
,
/ .
.

, .
.

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. 1999
10 11 1999 .
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9. ()
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33

2012

.
. () :
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.
2003
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ii.
4. 13



[to resolve any outstanding border disputes and other related issues].
,
. 2004,
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.
. .

.
() , ()
( ), ()
34

2012

, ()
10 6 , ()
FIR () -.


.
, 1990 ,
,

(1923) (1947).
. , ,
, ,
.
1994
,
.


border dispute [diffrends frontaliers], boundary dispute.
border (,
), boundary ( )
(
).
.


.
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,
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2004.
,
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35

2012

2004, . ,

.
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iii.
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4, 9 12
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, , , 2004
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36

2012

v.

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:


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- .



1997

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.
37

2012

.
.

38

2012

39

2012

:
1. 1974
1987
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. 1945
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1923.
.


1959 1969,
.


.
.
.


.

1958.
1 .

40

2012

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.

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.


.


.
.
1969
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1969.

1958.
6 ,
[special circumstances]
.

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[equitable result]. 1 .
1958
.


.
41

2012

.



.
.
. 1976.
38%
. -
, 4


. 31
1975 , ,

.

.

.
1976
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, . Kilic.


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.

42

2012

, ,
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24 1976 395
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395

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1978 T
36 .1
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43

2012

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1976
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.
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8.
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1973 1974.
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1977 1980
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1978 .
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44

2012

1975
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1979

. 1980
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... 1981 .
...
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moratorium.
1982
moratorium.
1983,

.
1987
.
1987
.


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.

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45

2012

.


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28 1987 .
.

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.
1988
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46

2012


.
.

.
.

(.. ,
, FIR ) ,
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. 1988

,
.
1988


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. 1988

.
, .
1988 . .
.

.
.

.
. .
.
. ,
. . .

47

2012

2.
,
,
.
- 1936. 1974
.

(casus belli).

.

. 10 .2 1958
,
. ,
.
.

,
12 .
1994 3
12 .
.

.
1936 .
43,5% , 7,5% ,
50% .


48

2012

,
.
, - -
.
.
.

.
:

, ,
,
.


37 44
.

.
1950
12
,
.
(innocent passage)

.


.
.

.
(transit passage) .

49

2012



.

.

,
,
.
.
,
.

3. FIR
.
FIR .
,
.
. 1974
.

.
1931 , 10
.
12 ,
10
1931.
43 , ,
10 .

. , FIR ,

.

50

2012


.
1952 1958. 1974

,
.
.

4.
1974
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,
.
.
1947,
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13 ,
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1936

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Rusdu Aras
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1974

51

2012



.

51 103
.

5.
1974 1996
.
,

1947 .

.
.
25 1995

.

.
. 29 1995

, ,
.

,
1932
. 1947
.
25 1996

.

52

2012

Hurriyet, .
28 .

.
.
.
.
31

status quo ante.
.


.
.


.

.
.
1996
.

.
.


. : .

. .
1912-13
1923. .
1947.
53

2012

. .


.

.
.

440 .

1914
.

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.


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64.
. .
.

.
1929
.
1932
.

.

. 1933-36
.
1946
.
54

2012



.
1932
.
.

55

2012

/
1974
, ,
,
3

1. (1974-2012)

1974. , 1967
, .
1909, . ,
. 1974
. .
,
.
; .
1974 1997
.
. 1974-1997
1974 37%
. 1922
.
:

.
1974.
.

, , .

56

2012

.
1980 .
i.
,
.
.
,
.
(
) .
.
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.
(
).

.
.

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ii.

. (
)
.
status quo ante 1974,
.
.
status quo
.
1973, ,
57

2012

.

.
1976.
: .
.
, , 395/1976 ,
.
.

. .
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1980, .
.
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.
,

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.
.
o casus belli
.
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:
o 1973 ,
.
.
o 1982 1994
152
, 148 12 .

58

2012


.

.
,
.

.

.
1970.
,

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1970. , , .
1970,
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.
.
1974 sui generis
.
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1974.
()
()

.
. 1997
.
:
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.
59

2012

(.. 1988). , ,
.
:
o .

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.
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),
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(
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: ()
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o 1986
.

.

60

2012


( 2009- 2011).
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.
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. 1999
.
. .

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1821 1922 , ...).
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1995, .
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.

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.
61

2012

,
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.
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.
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. .


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2004, ,
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. .
62

2012

iii.

.
1955 .
,
.
1974 .
.
,
.
.
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.

2. (1974-2012)
.
1974
. 37%
. ,
.
1974 .
, ,
.

. .

.
.
.
, ,
,
.

63

2012

,
1974. ,
. ,
.
(
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.

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1990,

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2012


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.

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2011
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:
65

2012

1. 1931
.
2. .

.
2. .
. , , .
4.
. (package deal) .


. ,
.
5. .
6. 1974.
7. ( -)
.
.

3. -

. 1974
. , ,
. , ,

, .

.

. status quo ,
.

. ,

66

2012

1974. 21
.
.
.

.
(
1923 1947),
(
), (
) ( FIR -
) ( ).
:

(
)

6 .

(casus belli)

(10 )
(6 )

FIR



(

).

()



67

2012

( , ,
)
.


1981:
.
1974.
:

status quo .

. ,
.

.
. .

.
. :

.
.

.
.

.
1970
.

, ,
, , ,

68

2012

() (-
)

()

- 2001

-
.

.
. ,
) 24 . ,
( 1980),


.

69

2012

4.
,
;
:

.

.


(.. ,
...).

( )

.


.
. ,

( ). ,
. ,
.

,
.
, ,
.
.
.
(package deal).

70

2012

(
)
.
;
i.
1976

(package deal).

.
.

. . .
.

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, . ????)
ii.
,
.

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o
.
o H
.

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.
.
71

2012


.
.
.

.
.

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.
, ,
. .

.
.

1999. .
.
.
.
;
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.
2: ,
.

, (.
1991)
.
, ,
.

. 1974
.
72

2012

.
.
,
. .
,
, .

,
. -
.


. 1974
. ,
, casus belli
.
.
, .

.
.
-
.
.

,

.

,

73

2012


.
.
.
1983 16 , 1999.

. .
( ).
.
.
,
.
,
.

.
.
.

( )
( ).
1996,
(
), .
1994
.

,
.

. 1996
.

74

2012


.

, ; :
o
o /
o

o
i.
; , . ,
.
;
.
(
, -ex aequo et bono,
).


.

, . , 1994

. .
(dominium),
(imperium).
. ,
.

,
,
,
. ,
75

2012


.
,
,
;

FIR - (
):

10 6 :

( )
ii. /


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. , ,
( ),
.
,
.
/.
,
.
. ,
.
.
76

2012

/.

/
.
,
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.

.
: ()
() .

, .

,
.
,
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:
o .
6
. ,
.
.

. ,
.
,
/ .
o
.


.
77

2012

,
, ,
.

49,2% 20,1%.

5%
15%.
iii.

,
.
. ,
, ,
.

1973, 1974 1987
(Trkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl).
25 , .
,
,
.

, .


.
1976
.

, .

.
78

2012

iv.
,
.
.
.

.
v.
,

,
.
( )
. , .
.
.
,

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.
:
. [ ] (..
,
, ,
( ).
.)
.

. .

79

2012

.

.
. .
( )

.
.
i.
.
12 .
. .

.
.

( )

. ( )
,
.
, ,
.

.
.
International Crisis Group.
( )
. 2011
12
.
.

80

2012

, ,
, . .
.

.
.
1978 12
. . , ,
() .
ii. /
12
.

(10 )
(6 ) .
12 . .


.
43% 72%.
8,7% 1,2%. 19%
, 5,1% .
19%
(..
).
.

.


.

.

FIR
72%

81

2012

.
.



. , ,
, ,
.


. , ,
.

()
. .
iii.

O

. ,
2001.
.

.
:


. .


.

. , 10
(
10 , 25 8 25
6 ).


.
.
82

2012

per se, .

.
iv. casus belli

, ,



casus belli. ,
.
.

( ) (,
, ). 1980

.
10
.
.
2002-2004 2009-2011
.
.
.

.
.

.
,
casus belli.
.
6 12 .
83

2012

.
. ,
.

( )
.
.
()
.
.
, .
v.
.

.
.

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.
, .
,
, .

5.

.
.
. , ,
, .

84

2012

.
,
. . ,
, .
, ,

. , : ,
, , ;

.
,
FIR
.

.
.
. , ,
.
, .
.
.
1981-1987.
,

. .
, ,
.
.
2001 ( 20042009 )
. .
:
,
.
85

2012

. ,
.

.

. , ,
.
, .
.
33 , .
395/1976 .
1999. ,
.

. .
, .
, .

.
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
;

(1992-93).
.
. 20

. . .

86

2012

.

.
.

.
.

1453 .
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44.

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128

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23

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131

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1974, . Cyprus v. Turkey, 6780/19 1974, 10
1976 ( 31 1979) 6950/21 1975, 10 1976
( 31 1979) 8007/6 1977, 4 1983 (
2 1992).
33
C-432/92, Regina/Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte S.P. Anastasiou (Pissouri) Ltd
and Others, . 31-35.
.
34
. C-219/98, Regina/Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte S.P. Anastasiou (Pissouri) Ltd
and Others , , 2000, . 696-712 Anastasiou II, House of Lords, 20 1998, CMLR, 1999,
. 469.
32

132

2012

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1994

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Independent (), 8 1993.
36
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. Talmon, EJIL, 2001, . 727 .. , 77/93/
.
37
. , 10 1995
, OJ 1995 C 145/23.
38
Talmon, EJIL, 2001, . 731, . 10.
39
. . , EC03-141EN/3/6/2003
. . . Talmon, EJIL, 2001, . 722-750.
40
Loizidou v. Turkey, Merits, Judgment 18 1996, . , 2002, . 247-324
, , 2000, . 169 ..
41
, 28
1987. . Loizidou, 1996, . 24.
, (15299/89), , (15300/89)
, . Decision of the Commission
of admissibility in applications nos., 15299/89, 15300/89 and 15318/89 (joined), Chrysostomos, Papachrysostomou
and Loizidou v. Turkey, 4 March 1991, Decisions and Reports 68, . 50-60.
42
. (Court of Appeal) Hesperides Hotels Ltd and Another
v. Aegean Turkish Holidays Ltd and Another [1977] 3 Weekly Law Reports, . 656 Polly Peck International PLC v.
Asil Nadir and Others [1992], 2 All England Reports, . 238.

133

2012

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Loizidou, Merits, . 56.


. , 2003, . 32.
45
. Eugenia Michaelidou Developments Ltd And Michael Tymvios v. Turkey, Judgment (Merits and just
satisfaction), 16163/90, 31 2003 Demades v. Turkey, Judgment (Merits and just satisfaction), 16219/90, 31
2003 Xenides-Aresits v. Turkey, (Decision as to the admissibility), 46347/99, 6 2005.
44

134

2012

.
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30
.
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, . 1974

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1974 .
47

135

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,
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.

2003.

. .52
,
,

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ecatigil, 1993, . 71.


. .. Statement By The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of The Republic Of Turkey Concerning UN Security
Council Resolutions No:1178 And 1179 (1998) - 30 June 1998.
50
. . Necatigil, 1993, . 329-330.
51
Report of the Secretary General to the Security Council, S/21183, 8 M 1990, . 16. 28
1994 /
.
52
, 27 2003.
49

136

2012

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Denktash, Perceptions, 1999.

137

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138

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.

54

Reuters 7 2002
3 2002.
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, Reuters, 17 2002 . . editorial, Kathimerini - English edition,
International Herald Tribune, 18 2002.
55
: 1 11 2002,
10 2002, 26 2003, 29
2004, 31 2004. 18 2004
.
(. ..
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139

2012


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140

2012

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6 30 2003.

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58

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59
Report of the Secretary General to the Security Council on his mission of good offices in Cyprus, UN S/2003/398, 1
April 2003, . 56.
60
,
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61
Report of the Secretary General to the Security Council on his mission of good offices in Cyprus, UN S/2003/398, 1
April 2003, . 8, 24.

142

2012

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.. 2003 ,
, Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus (2004), 28 May 2004, UN
S/2004/437, . 6.
65
2003
, .
63

143

2012

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1475 14 2003
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69
Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus (2004), 28 May 2004, UN S/2004/437,
. 7-8 & 78. . . .. , . 7 2004,
, . 10.
70
26
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144

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2004.
71
UN Press Release, SG/SM/9145 4 2004. . UN Press Release, SG/SM/9154, 10
2004.
72
. , Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus
(2004), 28 May 2004, UN S/2004/437.

145

2012

, .. ,
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146

2012


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75

Birand, TDN, 1 2004.

147

2012

.76
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:
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:
99.976 (24,17%)
:
313.704 (75,83%)
77
. Smith, Observer, 25 2004,
2004.
78
. , (), 2 2004
79

.
80

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148

2012

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84
. . 19, , 12-13 2002.
85
. Europa Forum Helvet Quand foundation
Financial Times, 16 2003, .

149

2012


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COM(2002) 700 - SEC(2002) 1412,
.
87
2001/235/: , 8 2001, , ,

, L 085 24 2001 . 0013 0023.
88
.. 23
2004 , . UN Press Release, SG/T/2394,
26 2004.

150

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89

Weisman, New York Times, 30 2004 Cook, Zaman, 29 2004


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151

2012


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152

2012



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96
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. Agreement on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict, 23 1991, ILM, Vol.
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154

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102
- 2001
. . . Framework agreement
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104

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107

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, Decision Enacting amendments to the Constitution of the Federation of
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. The Constitution of Afghanistan, 2004/1383, http://www.constitutionafg.com/Adopted%20Constitution.htm.
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, , .121
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--
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Asia Report N64, ICG, 29 2003.


Afghanistan's Bonn Agreement One Year Later: A Catalog of Missed Opportunities, Human Rights Watch, 5
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122
. . 7 & 10 1511/1003 .
123
Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the transitional period, 8 2004, http://www.cpairaq.org/government/TAL.html, .
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121

159

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. Iraqi Crisis Report, No. 46, 27 2004.


. . 53 .
129
. Tavernise, New York Times, 25 2003 If all Iraq is divided in three parts?,
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. Declaration of the Kingdom of Iraq, on the occasion of the termination of the mandatory regime in Iraq and
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Shanker, New York Times, 3 2004 Filkins, New York Times, 21 2004. Smyth,
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Filkins New York Times, 2 2004. , , New
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133
. . Hersh, New Yorker, 28 2004.
128

160

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137
Barnes, AJIL, 2001, . 86-101 Franck, AJIL, 1992, . 46-91.
138
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.
Strohmeyer, AJIL, 2001 . 46-63 Widner, AJIL, 2001, . 64-75.

161

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. Gerson, AJIL, 2001, . 102-119.
143
. . Held Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate, 2004, . 167170.

162

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145
An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping, Report of the Secretary-General
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146
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164

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217

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2000,
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1990 .
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["Pontos Kulturu"].
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2012

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, 35
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100.000 . ,
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220

2012



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Dndar, F., -
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destruction of the Greek community of Istanbul, Greekworks.com, New York, 2005


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, . , ., , 2000
1955: , , ,
1988
, ., Varlik Vergisi ,
[ ] - ,
- 1988

, ., & , ., , , ,
2004


., - - , ,
1986
, ., - (1910-1930),
, ..

, ., , , , 1996.
, ., , , , 1997.
, ., , ,
, 1993

Beely, H., The Cession to Turkey of the Sanjaq of Alexandretta,

222

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Sanjian, A.K., The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay): Its Impact on Turkish-Syrian Relations (1939-1956)
Middle East Journal, vol. 10 (4), 1956
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London, 1982, .141-170


45
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228

2012

2. 1913-
. 1913-1922

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2012

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231

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232

2012

................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
: 1922-2012 ........................................................ 2
. ................................................................................................................................. 3
1. ............................................................................................... 3
2. ............................................................................................................................................. 5
. ....................................................................................................................................................................7
. ...................................................................................................................9
. H ................................................................................................................................11
i. ........................................................................................................................11
ii. ......................................................................................................................12
iii. ...................................................................................................................................13

3. : 1923-1926 ....................................................................................................................... 14
4. .................................................................................................................................. 17
. (1930) ............................................................................................................................................18
. 1933 .......................................................................................................................................20
. .......................................................................................................................................................21
. .....................................................................................................................................22

4. / (1923-1955)........................................................................................... 23
5. 1955-1973 ........................................................................................................................ 26
. 1974 ........................................ 27
1. 1974 ............................................................................................................................... 27
. .......................................................................................................28
. .............................................................................................................................................................................29
. ...............................................................................................................................................29
. ................................................................................................................................................30

2. / .................................................................................................................................... 33
. 1999 ..................................................................................................................33
i. ..................................................................................................................................................33
ii. ...................................................................................................................................................34
iii. .................................................................................................36
iv. .....................................................................................................................................................................36
v. ..........................................................................................................................................................................37

............................................................................................................................................................................ 39
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
: ............................................................................................. 40
1. 1974 1987..................................... 40
. :.............................................................................................................................................40
. 1976............................................................................................................................................42

233

2012

. . ..................................................................................................................................................44
. 1987.............................................................................................................................................................44
. . .......................................................................................................................................................46

2. ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
. ............................................................................................................................................................48
. .....................................................................................................................49

3. FIR ............................................................................................................................ 50
4. ............................................................................................................................. 51
5. .......................................................................................................................... 52
. . ........................................................................................................................................................54
. . ...........................................................................................................................................54

/ 1974................................................................................ 56
1. (1974-2012)................................................................................................................................ 56
. 1974-1997 ....................................................................................................................................................56
i. ........................................................................................................................................................................57
ii. ............................................................................................................................................................................57
. 1997 .........................................................................................................................................................59
i. .......................................................................................................................................61
ii. ....................................................................................................................................62
iii. .....................................................................................................................63

2. (1974-2012)................................................................................................................................ 63
. .......................................................................................................................................63
. o ................................................................................................65

3. -..................................................................................................................... 66
. ...................................................................................................................................................67
. ..........................................................................................................................................68

4. ................................................................................................. 70
. .....................................................................................................................................................................70
i. .........................................................................................................................................................71
ii. ......................................................................................................................71
. .....................................................................................................73
. .....................................................................................................................................74
i. ...............................................................................................................75
ii. / ..................................................................................................................76
iii. ...........................................................................................................................78
iv. .............................................................................................79
v. ........................................................................................................................................................................79
. ...............................................................................................................................80
i. ..........................................................................................................................80
ii. / ................................................................................81
iii. ..............................................................................82
iv. casus belli...........................................................................................................................................83
v. .....................................................................................................84

5. ............................................................................................................ 84

234

2012

. ..................................................................................................................................85
. ................................................................................................................86
. casus belli .......................................................................................................................................................88
. ..................................................................................................................................................................88
. ............................................................................................................90
. ....................................................................................................................................92

.............................................................................................................................................. 94
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 96
: 1955-2004...................................................................................................................................................... 96
. 1960 ........................................................................................................................... 96
1. ...................................................................................................... 96
. - ...................................................................................................99
i. - ............................................................................................................................99
ii. .......................................................................................................................................................... 100
iii. ......................................................................................................................... 102
iv. ................................................................................................................... 104

2. ..........................................................................................106
. ........................................................................................................................................ 107
. ................................................................................................................................................ 109
. .......................................................................................................................................... 110
......................................................................................................................................................... 112

3. ....................................................................................................... 114
4. ...........................................................................................................................115
. ................................................................................................................................. 116
. ........................................................................................................... 117
i. ........................................................................ 117
ii. ...................................................................................................................... 117
iii. ....................................................................................................... 118
. .......................................................................................... 118
. ................................................................................................................................................... 119

5. ..................................................................................................................................................120
. ....................................................................................................................... 123
. ......................................................................................................................................... 127
. ;............................................................................................... 128
. .............................................................................................................................. 132

6. .......................................................................................................................134
7. ............................................................................................................................................................137
. ........................................................................................138
1. ................................................................................................................................. 138
2. ..........................................................................................................................139
3. ...................................................................................................................144
4. .............................................................................................................. 148

235

2012

. ................................................................................................................153
1. ..................................................................................................... 153
2. .................................................156
3. ............................................................................................................................................ 160
4. ............................................................................ 163
................................................................................................................................................................. 167
......................................................................................................................................................................... 169
V ..................................................................................................................................................................... 172
............................................................................................................ 172
1. - .............................................. 173
. 1922-23 ................................................................................................................... 173
. 1923................................................................ 174
. ........................................................................................................... 176

2. ...........................................................................................................................178
. ........................................................................................................................ 178
. ....................................................................................................................................... 180
. ......................................................................................................................................................... 180

3. .................................................................................................... 181
. ..................................................................................................................................................... 181
. ........................................................................................................................................... 183
. .......................................................................................................................... 184

4. ..................................................................................................... 186
. ................................................................................................................................ 186
. ............................................................................................................................. 186

5. ................................................................................................................................... 188
. : 1923-1952 ............................................................................................................................................. 188
. : 1953-1968........................................................................................................................... 188
. : 1968-1990..................................................................................................... 189
. -: 1991- ................................................................................................................................... 190

6. - ............................................................................................................................................ 190
. ................................................................................ 190
. ............................................ 192

V .......................................................................................................................................................................... 193
................................................................................................... 193
1. ................................................................................................................................................................. 194
2. ..........................................................................................196
3. .................................................................................................................198
. .............................................................................................. 198
. ............................................................................................................................................................. 201

4. , .................................................................. 202
1.............................................................................................................................................................................. 203

236

2012

2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 203

5. 1990 ..................................................................................204
. ................................................................................................................................................................ 205
. .................................................................................................................................................................... 207
. 1955................................................................................................................................................... 208
. 1964.......................................................................................................................................................... 210

6. .......................................................................................................................................... 210
7. ..................................................................................................................................... 213
. ........................................................................................................................................................... 213
. ........................................................................................................................................................ 215

8. ...................................................................................................................217
9. ............................................................................................................ 218
...................................................................................221
......................................... 223
V......................................................................................................................................................................... 226
................................................................................................................................226
2. 1913- .............................................................................. 229
. 1913-1922 ................................................................................................................................................. 229
. 1923-1945............................................................................................................................................... 229
. 1945-1954.................................................................................................................................................... 230
. 1955-........................................................................................................................................... 231

237

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