Neupoeniothyn
kal LUNEpipopa
Eniotnpovin Enipéfera: Akns Zipos
@ Neupdves: H Mpoéieuon tns Zupnepipopas
Tyhyara tou Neupéva
Kuptes Katnyopies Neupdvarv
@ Enefepyacia Nanpopopiiy atous Neupaves
Hitextpixa Zfipavon:
AiaBiBuon Minpopopeby Méou vwy Neupdive
Xnyikh EApavan:
AiaBiBaon NAinpopopiay Meragy Neupdoveov
@ H Opyaveon tou NeupiKot Eucthparos
To Mlepupepix6 Neupiké Edotnpa
To Kevrpix6 Neupiké Euornpa
@ Aoph tou EyKepafou
0 OnioBios EyKépartos
(© Méoos Eyxépaiios
© NpbaB10s EyKé@arios
Eunfaotétnta tou Eyke@éfou
© MPATMATIKOE KOEMOE
H Eunfaotétnta tou EyKe@afou
kal 01 Aig@hoels o€ Eva AKpo D4vtacya
RAY EASTERLING kat 0 Dave Duerson é3pacav
ce Siaooperikic emoyéc Kat wépy ale Ka ot 800
ayanovoay 10 xod6oaip0 Kat ExanLav Gry Eon TOU
auwviKod ps ekeperiKés exdoaers tote va Geepod-
tat otap oto KoREyIO Kat Va grAGOUY HEYPLTHY EBV
kf) 01430 nodoo~paipou — o Easterling otovc Atlanta
Falcons t9 dexasria tov 1970 Kat o Duerson otovs
Chicago Bears t™ dexacria tov 1980. Avarvyc, ot
napéihyot Biot tov Sho avpév ovvextotnkay Kat
etd mm cwvtagiodérmoH tous, Kaddds ExdiVoav Kat
01 860 cofapy vontiKy] éxxtaaN KaL KOTEOAAYT Ka
xarélnger omyy avtoxtovia: o Duerson t0 2011 Ka 0
Easterling 0 2012. MeraSaviiria e&étacy tov eyKe-
oddov tovs anoKéhuye my napovaia pias KaTéoTA-
ons woors cs «ypovua petatpavparteer eyKe:pUhO-
Ge.» (XME), jita LoppA mpoodevEKiis eyKEQAA-
vic BRA Bng Rov ovvedOnke Ne enavaayBavoueves
@ Avanvugn Kar E&EAIEN;
tov Neupixey Zuotnpatov
Mpoyewnuxh Avantugn
tou Kevtpikol Neupikod Euothytos
EgefikuKh Avantugn
rou Kevtpixod Neupikod Zuowipatos
Tovi6ia nai Crayeveunh
KAYTA EMIETHMONIKA @EMATA
H Eniyeveukh Kat o1 Eypévouges Euvéneies
Tov Nocipwv Epneipiav
@ MeAetavtas tov EyKépailo
Mefteteovias tov Eyxépaiio
nou Exe: Ynootei BAGBn
Meflet@veas thy HAextpikh Apaotnprérnta
tou Eykepaiiou
Xphon AneikovioukGv TexviKiov
yia tn Mefétn tns Aopiis tou EyKepaiiou
kal tv Flapathipnon Evés EyKepafiou oe Apaon
AAAEE @ONEE.
Neupo-p6801
‘ay asteng apap xe Dave Duerson 6) floov mrp Tof
paipréc va. orterimoay nepéyoa npoBjuata Grav anooipfnray ano rov
0 ov abhqnayd, ra orsia ou oeriova ye BBec oor egal,
de Ane S10 = eIrArarH ETHN WYKOAOFIA
KpavwoeyKepadurés KuKdoers (McKee et al., 2012). Ot
Duerson kat Easterling eivan i6vo 860 ax6 tovs 20 kat
mov nobospaptorés Rov SiayvGomKav we XME, eved
Y xardoracn aut éxet sxions mapampndei éxerra a6
exavadcpPavdyteves KpaviosyKepaduKés KUKATEI GTO
uno, TY 262m, to 7OKei KaL to péyKpat (Costanza et
al., 2011, Daneshvar et al., 2011- Lakhan & Kirchges-
sner, 2012 MeKee et al, 2012).
Aev yopitoupis av n XME ovvéPahs otov Béivato
tov Easterling kan tov Duerson: ywapiCoope dnc 6t1 1
XME oyeriGeran ue pia ceipé yrootixdy kat cvvaio6n-
HaTiKdy edAeparov ota étoWa ov xpoofdAoveat,
rac Bvoxories om GUYKEVEDORT KAT LVN, VE
Ompra Kat KaTéOhIyM, je EvapE) evT6s pias Bexacriag
érexta ad enavaiaufavoueves xpuvwoeyKcoudaKés Ka
aoe Kat oTadIaKH Emeiveon (McKee et al., 2009).
Evruyis teXevraia avdiverat n evarcOnroxoinan yea.
11 XME kon tg auvéxeiés ms, oBdiweas nis enayyeAuua-
‘aKés aOhnTINés EvooaIs, ta RavemoThta, ta oZoREia
at Ghovs 6601 acyohouveat pe Tov vearvixd abhntioys
va Mépovv péxpa 7’ aud vo mpophnua,
Ta ovpatdata tg XME Kat 01 KercaotpopuKés TS
ouvénetes otic Gangs tov mhnyévtoy atHOV Ke TOV
oioyeveudv tovs jag vmevOupiCovy tt yoxohoyua},
oovenotnparicy Kat KoIvevUR) conepiac Pasigeran oF
neyado Badp6 omy vysia Kai THY axepardTnta TOD
eycepéhov. Ooa nepisadtepa yopiLovpe ja tov eyKé-
(pako réd0 avéivovtan ot mBavemmtes va Bpote kO-
‘ig o& mpoPhspiata dma n XME. To mapdv Keparao
aoyoheitat pe 10 mas heitoupyei o EyKEQAAGS, TI OYA
Baiver drow Sev Lettoupyet xen m1 ot 60 ates Kora
‘ordonts kaBopiCouv tH cvjumEpIpOpA. AprAKa sIOGyoU-
he Tov avayviom om Banu povédu enckepyacias
Ainpowpopiiy orev eyxépao, tov veypiva. ONSET
Eg Kal jpKés Spacers Tov vevpdvov axoTEAOOV
apempia ya dhes nc cujimepIopés, Tg oKEYeIS Ka TH
ovvaia0ipara, Ly ovvéxer a whsjooupe 71a mV
qevaropia tov KeveprKod vEvpIKOD GvETIHWATOS, eoTKé-
Covtas tStaitepa ozov eyKiinano, my opyieveoon Kea TY
aviarrvg}) tov, tooo om SuipKeia me Cais Tov arouov
600 Ka Kaa thy B&éAEN TOY 15d. Zo THOS Bee ov ~
Gnrfiooupte ya Tig 1120680U¢ mov pas emtpémovy va. He-
Aenjooune 600 tov vyti EyREpaho 600 KaL TOV EYE
puko nov éxer vxootei BAABn.
Neupoves: .
H Mpoéfeuon tns Lupnepipopas
Tlepinov éva dtoekertoppipio divOpaxo1 napaxonov-
Gov tov TeAtK6 ToD TlayKoopfov KunéAAov Kae 4 7p6-
vin. Autos 0 aptOji6s civin aiyoupa wsydioc, oA, av
10 dobpe oxErKG, avriotorye’ wovo ato 14% tow nEpi-
Tov 7 diseKaronpopioy avOpdrov nov KatoIKOdV aU-
Dm onty}a mde orn Py, ‘Evag andy 10 eva
craxé peydhog mnOvopbs KarorKe! péoa oto KEOAAL
hag avtiyy axpipis m oTtyH. Yxépyouv nepémov 100
SiocKaroppipra xéttapa jou atov eyKéMaAS pas, va
onoia ovpetézovv oe Thi}Bos vevpoqvaronoyiKOV
dtepyacav kat was eepérovv va hettovpyowpe ws
avOponor. Os was ot oxéyers, ta covaiothipata. Kat
ot conepipopés aapayovea ad KitTapA jiéGa CTO
eyxépaho zov AapPavouv mnpopopies Kai exrehoov
duagopes epyacies TpIasKaToHpHipLa Popes mY NEPA.
Auré: ta Kéttapa ovonaCovtat vevpdves. Or venpci-
veg civeu xéreapa tov veupiKob ovetisuaros mov emxol-
veovoby perach tovg ja va exrtehéaowv Supyaoies exe-
Sepyacias xinpogopisn.
Tyhpata tou Neup@va
Orvevpives éxouv obvOery Sop anorehoopevn and
tpia Buotkd tprhpata: to KveCapIKO oda, TOUS BEV-
Spices kat tov éEova (BA. Dina 3.1). Oxws ovpfai-
Yel Me Ta NOTEAPA GE GAM TH OpyAVE TOV GrfELLOS, OF
veupdves diadétouv Eva KUTTapUs oop (avagépe-
tat Kat os o61a) ROV anoTEAE! to WEYERTEpO Be Wi
Ga tuna tov vevpava. To ope avvroviger mv exc-
Sxpyacia xAnpogopisy mov dievepyel to Kbttapo Kat
10 diamnpei Gavravs. Acrcovpyivs omixs 1 obv0Ea TpO-
teivov, 1 Rapayoyh evépyeiag Ka o pETaBoAGWs
apBavooy Opa exei. To KurrapiK6 capa mepréyer
vay zupjiva. 0 onoins gidogevei xponoodyata Kov
snepiéyovv to DNA jac, Sadi} To yevertKd ano-
TOA@PE Tov TIL cipaote. To KUTTApIKS ody TeEpr-
Patera and je nopHdn KvTCAPIKA LELBpaVT TOV
emupénei o& HOpta va eioépyovtat kat va eZépyovtan
Tov KTTapoL,
Ayridera pe Githa Kétrapa tov Giyiatos, ot vev-
paves Siabérowy dio ein egerdwevpévav mpockré-
Seay mg KUTTUPIKYs eHBPavns nov Kavouy Suvari,
my emikorwovia: tovs devdpites Kat tov dEove. Ot
Sevopites déroveat rinpopopies and didous veupives
Neupaves (Neurons) Kétopa tou veuprKou cucnhyat0s
Nou emkontavot YetGU TOUS Via va EnIREMEQOUY epyaiEs
cae
on Races
oe
‘mtworseanyom ot ;
eats
aeeeve
vaintioanagi KE@AAAIO 3 Neupoeniathin kai Eupnepipopd
1
LEXHMA 3.1. Mépn Evi Nevpiva 0 wpa ore an pa wer:
‘tape pa nou poker ypenoiyara neo DNA rou opransyo xa Bam
koa rig perapipacovy oxo xurrapixd a¢iyia. 0.9906 dev
Spiers Rpodpzetar a6 ™ 7.4n «Bévipo» jas Ka Ot
epioa6tepot veupanves gyowv SevBpites nov words
ie KAabié Sévpov. O devas pstapéiper xinpopopics
ae ddlovs vevptaves, wie adéves. Or doves unopet
vat ivan nod paxpeic, Oring exeivor nov exteivovTaL
axd tm Bader tHg onOvevAAKTig oTIVAns HExpt To Heys
do Séocrvho Tov nOBIOd Kat EUV Hf}KOs axed6v Eve
éxpo. Ot SevSpires KaL ot dZoves tow vEvpdiveov Bev
Nas ouvepyaoviat 01 tpeis wun! veupdovury
vya va petabacouv nrinpopopies:
i wow vie mu hayveun pogo an dan eon
pl romirapo ot
ven, pH. 950,
ve aT fe ou pape Ripon Eon
Epyovran oe quoi exagh netaed tovs, Ynipyet éva
uxpé xeve peradi tye amdAnens tov dEova Bvds vEO-
pidva Kat TOY BCVBPITOY 1) TOV KUctUPINOD dpettO
evbc Gov Kvttdpov. Aut To Kev eivan wépog TS
iov exixowoviag avégiena oT0v Gig ~
ij ro Koccapixd
ivayme: 100 07
va evdg veopoove Kat tone devopites
cca vic ddiov (BA. Zxiua 3.2). Mondot and tors
100 diaexaronjiopia vevpives orov eyRépAAG oa
‘Agovas (Axon) To tna tou veupdxn to onofo Hetage:
fe nfinpogopies oF GNiious veupaves, jus h aBéves
Zavayn (Synapse) © xopBos f neproxh avopeoa at0¥ Oo
vo evs VEUpGva Ka} TOUS SeVOpICES 10 KUTTADIKO WEY
evs Giitou. 112 © EIEATOTH ETHN WYXOAOTIA
SiaGécovy axdya Kau {OuéBes oni ovvarTIKYis em-
xowoviag 0 kodévac. Aev anorehet Roundy éemdnén 6x1
0 jté05 exaxos epetipahos 6uaiétet tov evtumoeiand
aptOL Tov 100 pe 500 tpIGEKaTOLWWpi@Y cvVayeaN.
‘Oring Oat pilere of iyo, 1) StaBiBacm ampiérov jéoe
Is obvayNs axoTEAEi Tov KipLO Tpém0 EmKOWWoViag
netaGd Tov vepdvev, sta StadiKacia xov was emerpé-
Tet Va oxepTOLAOTE, Va VIOBOU}E Ke VO EvEPYOOLE.
Ze nodods vepdves o dLovas Kadimeceta am £2.0-
‘tpo juchivng, éve yoviormd orpaua od hitcsdes vate
x6, To Eutpo pvekivng Snyuovpyettar ond vewpayhou-
KG KOTrapa (and THY eAAVURT RAEN Na THY KIAA), TO
onoia eiven oxoomnpucixt Kétrapa tov venprKob avaT}-
Hawos, Ev vntipovy 100 Siwexwtonpipe vevpdves,
nov je Uifho enezepydCovean tinpogopies otov eyKépa-
126 ous, undpyowv 10 éo¢ 50 gopés nepiocstepa vevpo-
yhouaxé xbtIapA TOD eKTEnobV Thos LeIToUpybY.
Kérota vevpoyhowaxé Kittapa apoworsvouy T-
hata vexpdv veupdvoy, Kéaou. dha napéxouv pny
uci] Kan duarpogiey vxooTHipEN otovs vevpdvec, Kat
kiorou Ga oxmuaiCovy jwvehivn pra va BonORcovv
‘tov dove. va petapéper wwe weyaastepy axoTeAepaT-
xémmta RAnpogopies. Evas dZovac Hovepévos We 1E-
ivn pmopel va Hecapgpet pe HeyaRbtepn anoreheoHa
‘aKOMTAL orca oe dAOUS vEUpdnes, Us f Opyava.
Méhora, o¢ axouveliverrixd voojuata, On 9 OKI}-
povon Katé théxas, to éhutpo mehivns addoubveran
he aroté.ecua my exBpddvvan ms pEtdSoons ond
tov and tov évar veupiivis ctov dio (Schwartz & West-
brook, 2000). Térowes BéBes mpoKunowv zoAA& mpo-
Pasjpara, dmas onddeta tng aiaOnons ota dxpa, ept-
ei] 76007 KOL SvaKOAa OTOV GvvTOVIONS TOV KIVi-
ex (Butler, Corboy, & Filley, 2009).
Kupies Katnyopies Neupovev
Yrdpyouv tperg mipies karmyopies veupdovav o1 onoior
extehoby Siagopertkés heroupyiss: ot wieOntnKo%
vevpives AauBavooy xinpopopies and tov egootept-
Kb RéoHo Kat Tis wetagipovy orov eyxbgaho jbo ToD
veriaion poekob. Aiadérovy e1biKés anoAhEIs OtOVG
Sevépites tous nov LapPavoov orpata ots, xov,
ars, yebons Kat oops, Or kA TUK! VEpéves jie -
tapépovy arjuata and tov veotiaio pve2d orovg wos
cote va napéyouy Kivnon. Or vevpdrves avtot Exovv
suviidas Hapeis GEoves xov pPiivouy ag tovs x10
axopaxpuspévons 10s. H mohumin@éotepn bos Ka-
-Tnyopia veupéiviay tov venpreass wits emereyieas ao
teheitat and évav tpito Toxo veupdvan, tous evbud-
necovs veupiives, ot onoi01 avvdiouv auaPmaxoric ven
pioves, xivntuxobs venpiives Hj hove evdrdytea0uc veo
pebves, Kéatowo eviudqiedor veupiives wetamspovy 2-
‘EAutpo pusitivns (Myelin sheath) Evo pown0x6 orp
yo and Ainddes uAiKo. =
NeupoyAoiaKa xéveapa (Glial cells) YnoompxcKa xUt-
‘wpe tou veupiKoU uoTYatOs,
Alc@nuKoi veupwves (Sensory neurons) Neupcdves
nou lauBvouv nfinpogopies and tov e&wtEpiKO; KOOLO
Kal 11s LEtapépOUY oTOV EyRéMaAO [lEOw TOU vaTIGIOU
puefiod,
Kivnukoi veupdves (Motor neurons) Neupioves nou pe
Tapépouy ofyata aNd tov ventIGIO WENO otOUS [US dove va
napdyouv kivnon. +
Ev6iG}1e001 veupaoves (Interneurons) Neupives 01 oncior
-ouv6éoLV aloBnuKOUs VEUpavES, KivntiKOUs VEUpaVES f GA
lous evbiGyeoous veupaves.
EXHMA 3.2 H Zivagn H obvap anor 0 onyo enor pera wv
‘bevSpa ve veapiva rato éfowaTenuTapiKb os ev Aion. ucaboreoT
01 io venpon Be pyovat ae dycon cna, nab yeochafet va orev Sor
pea rox 6apéou Tov orci eraiBatora niypoyap KE@AAAIO 3 Neupoeniovipn kai Eupnepigopd © 113
pogopies ax6 rong aiatntwxods vevpéives ROS TO
Vvevpixd cboTr pHa, GiLo1 petapépovy Mnpowpopies and
To VevpiKd HET Mpos TOVs KIVHTIKO|E VEUPGVES
at G@J.01 sxrchoov morKihes hertoupyiec enckepya-
cits xinpogopiby jiéca oto VEUpIKO GHoTHHC.
(UUme
1. Move ané ta napaxttw AEN anotehet Aerroupyia Tou
veupiova;
a. Hene€epyacia MAnpogopii.
B. H emkowwvia pe dAAoUs VEUpwvES.
[Link] @pemnuiiv ovarariKiov.
6. H petupopé pnvupdrwy o¢ épyava TOU ouierrog,
Ka wu.
“ara ané édAouc veupinver AauBavevtar kai IpOU-
@osvrat oto KuTTapiKé awHa a7
[Link].
B. tous Bevdpirec
y. Tous afovec.
6, tous abévec.
Ene€epyacia NAnpo@opiayv
otous Neupwves
Oroxéyerg, ta. ovvaiaOfpara wat or apaGets HAS Baoi-
Zovean omy exxowovia Tov veopdovan a. as Bod-
js még iver ard. H petapope dnpogopuby eves
tard eat peras veuptvev hayBaver 7zopa ce B00 ote
‘aie, Apraxé: n rnpogopia. npémet va. eaziSeyer wsoe
orov veupaova péow evds TPextpIKOH FINOTOG TOV
taEiSeber and Tous Bevpites avo KuTTapIKO GOH KL
fund exet pos THY andhnén tov agova. Ave N Suadt-
kavia ovopiceran ajio77. Ze debtepn odor TO ovNE
npénet va mepdioat a7 tov évay veupdia o7OY @oov,
opviifing néaw ZpiKiov onpLdtoV TOV az\bevOvv Ka
‘rd iyKog THC GHVaYNS ~ HUE Biadixaoia Tov ovopdle-
‘atop Sxaipaon. As Bose 7 860 cures Diep
‘yasies Aamtowepécteps.
Haextpikh ZApavon: AiaBipaon
TAnpo@opicv Méoa otov Neupova
H eorrapie wepBpavn nov Kakinret tov vevpova
qe xpods a6p00s nov Rextovpyoov oav kavédua Ke
emitparovy ce Hikpa, NAEKTPUCE opticpéva drone
3. Efyata weraipépovrai and tov évav veupiiva orov
aov
a. Karé pos ms advan
B. uéow evdc veupoyhoraKou KuTTapoU.
[Link] To €AuTpO HUEAING.
5. ué0a oto KUTTADIKO OWA.
Moiog ténoc veupava hayBaver rAnpowopies and
Tov efwTEpIKO KOOHO Kal HETayEpE! aUTEC TI TINNPO-
gopiec otov eykéipano pEow Tou varaiou HUEROU;
4a. 0 aiaBnrixos veupiovas,
B..0 xwvntiK6¢ veupiovas,
y.0 evbrayeaos veupiovac.
8.0 éfovac.
xa népia, nov ovopdCovra iévra, va e1spyovedt Ka
var eeépyovra Tov KvTTépoD. Bivar avn axprpidsn por
tévtov diapécon ms KuTEapICTS HEUBPAVNE TOV VEU"
pave nov azaogahicer my cero naxxpuxdy ond
too péon orov veopda Tis yiverat pens aves;
To Auvayiké Hpepias: H Mpoéfevan
tov Hflextpikdy I6iorhtev tou Neupova
Kabe vevpéovag Surmpet pia. pvauxi MEKTpIKH] OPT
om, WOOT! ws Svvapund npepiac, TOV opicetut 05 17
Suapont ovo nixrpins woptio aviqinna oro EnerepIKt
kat 10 e&ertepind; me Kuorapretis peuppdons (Kandel,
2000). To Suvaytks npepiag mpoxtmeet and ™ Biapo-
pa mg cvyxévrpoas WvroV Héda Kat &w; and mV
kurtapixt) uspBpavn tov vevpave. (BX. Zine 3.3a).
Ta sivea, gépouy Oewux (+) ¥ apynraxd (-) ooprto. H
koréoraoT| ripenias ts HeHBpdvns xapaxmnpicerat and
putts evscdpevan evs OeInd POPTIOHEVOD VEO, EIEATOTH ZTHN WYXOAOTIA
114 ¢
tov Kukiov (K~), kat apyntixdé popriopévo mpeorei
tov wOvtwy (A-) doa omy KoTeapuRt He}fipavh OE
oxéon us to ezotepixd uépos. Ee avrideon, vadpyet
yma cvoodpevan DerKt poptIOHEVY LovEDY VO~
tpiow (Na+) Kat apyntiKtt poptisuévay vray yopion
(Ch éée and my xurtapixt teq)fpévn tov vevpave,
H ovyévepacn KaAiov evtds Kat extds tov vEupdr
Vo ekeyyeTat and S1adRUs HOU PpionyvLAL OLY NUE
apixt} usuBpévn tov Kat empénovv oe wOpia K+ va
etcépyovtat kat va sképzoveat a6 tov vevpdva. Zev
kardotaen npeyias, ot StavAo1 nov exixpéxovv ora
Hopi K+ va xwoivea ehevb_pa diapiéoou ms Kutta-
purrs tepBpavng eivan avorztoi, eve o1 Siavdot xov
emizpéxovy my kivnon Nat Kat daAwv t6vtov eivar
até: KOpIO Ly KARIaToK. EEatiag ME uaIKE aVEN-
névng ovyKévtpacns popiov K+ juira otov veupdve,
Kdmou popua K+ ebépyovea tov veupive pice tow
evorstay Bade, Sqtovpydveag éva SyvapiKd oto
cowtepind TOV vevpava HE dyos TEpinov —70 10h10-
otoBéAt aE oon pe To eEwroprd. Axpipids Sra tO
(pptrypa Hoover ov GuyKpure! wv worays Ke)opaveo
néypt ve avoiowv 0: MAES extovev0n¢, éo1 Kat To 5v-
vayixd npewiag efaopariCer dovapuy evépyera, aod
Snjtovpyet to maioo ya Ty SuvyTURT Rapayoyy !as
mextpanis dons.
To Auvapié Hpepias: AnootoAlh Enpatwv
Kata Mfkos tou Neupova
veupdvag Stampet 10 Suvayund npepiag tov repo
brepo xpSv0.’HEn S05 and m Sercatia tow 1920, 01
fiodyot Alan Hodgkin kat Andrew Huxley Siaxioto-
ay 6u1 prxopoticay va napityouy éva aria 512ye\po-
vtas tov dEova pe jta GbVTORN MEKtpIKH KEvOON, 1
onoia eize wc anoréeopa TY ayenyn pas MeKtpuers
Gong axé m™ ia xp tov dZova omy dn (Hausser,
2000 Hodgkin & Huxley, 1939). Aun} 1 maaxzpuxt
on ovondera Syvapuxd evépyeras, nov opierat os
10 nlextpixd ora to oxoio npowbeiras Kazd ,ujKos tov
vevpacova mpos ty abvayn.
Graaaaee
xp pcp fo epee
ove honour hat vv
‘ove auto verpiu a) enpenowroc
0
‘rawiravanpod ve endBow Orv ok
‘canordeayaavfvera. 0 Bers gp
ovaj’ (re ensrepns ru skove ce yan pete
pes arene mpatorara Bova
(qarcoropsan)
2}
(orto bovapns penne
‘Trynovartaon necro posak oro Bp finytooy
Ferenc nndnanre ster pp hin toon te Brseueyinto
{im Bop omens gop aveucon oe eourepa wo aep KD
ncrertaprc upBotone ou wpva To coum Tov eupwra |
beta papa nein 70 [Link] aha Oo oe |
‘Tgopts eur eteopahéen Savon vepynreveva crap,
‘yar nptnnon ou Boveunod eve,
Keovoc meee)
LEXHMA 3.3 Teovoynd Evipyia¢ na Hpepig O vupive bro pia gun pep pip nov wep Evan nein, Herr peti OU EO.
‘iva npoxa ro Bovaync cvtpyaa KE@AAAIO 3. Neupoeniothiin Kai upnepipopd *
‘Duc exp po herp dav avo To qu, £1 aT GaHKD Ep
a ce ude ee ev undp. ce ra vey 0 Bug ao Bayo
(urns ce cr xhaordc xl Bayar nae. Aor, devo MTP
‘edu ro epive mp ro xriagh nonce va vay eye. AIG
pep rape o Gop npn.
To Suvajuxd evépyewac exhierat pve Grav 10 6yOs
mg mdexrpranis dusyepans umepPuiver Eve ouyREKpIé-
yo eninedo, tov 0005 r00 epebhouot. To Suvayins svip~
yeius etvan geaveneve «62a rixoray: Otay Me
expueh Susyepan sivan yayinstepy and tov avB6 EpE-
AioHod, Sev napéyerar SuvcyuKd evépyeuas, ev Stan
phextpurn Sxéyepon ayyiCet 7 Eexepva tov 086 epebt-
nod rapéyeras néveu Buvoyuxd evépyetas, To dv
ud evépyeing exdniaiveran névtore we va {Bua apr
aig qapaxmproticd Kou my iGia évtaoM avedprTea
tang ro av 70 TEKEpIKO epsDtoa sive joo H UEyaAL-
repo a6 tov 0086 epeMaHOd.
To Suvayxd evepyeis exdydverar 6ray ueraphay-
Gei n xaxdotaon ty Stexihenv TG peBpdvnc tov dZo~
vo. Ovyndeits drt ard ty Sxipxexa rou Suvayiwod NpE-
lag pve ot Biavhor-Kadiov eivar avoryrot BntevP-
‘yoveas éva aprntxd oprio ato BowrepIxd TOD VEV-
pave je dyos repinov ~70 zdaoeroPRe ae O76 He
(Action potential) To nitextpixo
Auvapixe evépycias:
fonyia nou Snoupyetta Kaxé kos toU vEUBOEEVG HE KO
‘euduvon tn obvayyn.
115
ro eorepixd. Karé tn dapxera evog Svvapixod evep-
‘yetug avroi o1 diavhot Kieivouy HepiKtds Ka GLO
[Link] xov emrpéxovv m por HetIKd PopTIOAEVOV
ivr varpiov (Na”) avoiyouv (Bi. Esa 3.38). Eyou-
pe én det tt n GuyKévtp@an Na’ ato eEwrepiKO tov
ova eiven ueyaadtepn an6 Ty oUYREVEPTN GTO E60
tepixt. Orav 01 [Link] Na’ avoiyoov, ta: BexiKét GOP-
nopéva s6vta (Na') e1ozmpobv oro sowtepiKd aves
vovrac to BaniKd goptio péoa tov dove ot oxfam HE
10 ederepixd, Avti 9 por Na* péou atov dove pota-
BaAAEK To SuvayKs evépyeias and apyyeKs (-70 je
daoatoB62t) Ge Herixd (+40 v100T0f362.).
‘Oran to Suvayid evépyeias ayyiéct 1 wsy9T0 BYOS
ov, OL SiavAOL TMS HEpBpdrns exavépyoveat oTHV aPK-
ef tovg Katdoruon Kat wvea K’ péowv xpos ta Eo
ndypic 6rov amoxertuatadet to Suvaqud mpeqtiang, AvTO
agivet apKeré maparive 16vta. Na’ pica otov above
xen xepiaoaia tivtev K° &q0; and tov ééova. Karé ty,
Siépxeue autig mg neptodov nov ta. Ove Bpfoxoveat
ce amoopporia, 0 vevpavas Sev urtopel vat Gexwioet
Gdo Suvaynxd evépyeiac, Kany aord Réyte Ox Bpioxe-
at o¢ nepiodo avepothororyras. HI redevraia opiteran
og 0 7p6¥05 ROU aKOROWOE! HatEpa cx Eva Suva
evépyatag Kara m StapKcia tov onoion Sev pcopel va
napayiei 420 dovayikd evépyeras, H avicopporia
Tov tOvroy orabiaKG, anoKaBiorara pésED 4NAE EvEP-
yng zmtictig «auvtAiag omy KOTTAPUCT pepppayn,
ov pevaxivel tovea Na’ é&« and tov dove Kat ove
K* doa otov dove (1 cevthia dev Rerroupyet om Stdp-
xe1a tov SvvapKos evépyeias, Bi. ine 337).
Tleptypayapie mes Snyoupysizan zo Sovayixd evip-
-yeuac 6 éva. cnucio tov veupiva. ANE mig xivetat
‘avr6 0 nlextpiKd goptio Kaxé pijwos tov Azova; Aayt~
Paver ropa Eva garvopevo vroutvo: Oxav vet Svva-
xd evépyetug mapéyera oTny apy tov AEova, He
‘rapéperat oz LIKpH aosTaor Kut Rapayst éva.5uva-
uno evepyotas GE pus yetrovest, neprogt tov “Zova,
ear obre xaBeeIig, Kat avTOv Tov TPITO HErapEPE
‘rat to Taxtprnd GOPTIO GE 6h TO j}KOS ToD GOV.
To dlaxpo proche SusvwoAdver THY cryex7 200 BY
vaprxod evépyetac. H ywehivn dev Kahbreret bho tov
dove add agriver wixpa Kev nov povdCouy HE TIS
govdéouic avaqiecn oc AovKdvixa, Auté ta KEvtl ovo"
ovean xdpBor tov Ranvier, a6 TOV TéQo avert6y10
Louis-Antoine Ranvier nov tous avaxdiuye (Bi. Ei
sun 3d), En ztapopé tov Suvoynnod evepyens Kase
fanpos vis nepyBeppevor ps mnedivn Gove, 0 TAE-
Kxpind goprio paiva ve. cambiar a Kojo OF KOI:
Bo opic wa zpeicera va Susazion Sho vov dove. AD-
5 10 gawwoyevo ovopdceran aor as dyuara xk d=
Raver onuaveuste my razoenTe HEGBOONS nhextpcty
empérreny Kort. pi}Kos TOD Gove. 116 © EIEATOTH ETHN WYXOAOTIA
Muekvn
EXHMA 3.4 H Muehivn xa ot Koper rou Ranvier yueim oxrpoiera
«and yepoyovnt top axa ep ov dra eneyine ac HY
yoy tou Boro extpyac var pen rou dfova Te xevd Barfyana ovo
Xnyikh Zhpavon: AiaBipaon
NAnpo@opiayv Metags Neup@vwv
‘Onay to Syvapund evépyeias grdoe omy axdanén tO
ova, Oa oxegroray Kaveig 6n1 otapaté Exel. ANAC
OTE, N Rapovoia MS ovvanTiKH|S oops weTAsh Tov
vevpdvev onoive 61 0 devas tov vevpdva Kat o.
BevBpimns tov yertovuxo} vevpava dev aryyiCovv 0 évas
tov ddAov, Tap’ dha avté, to NASKTPIKO Poptio TOD
SuvapiKod evépyetac naipvel ita Lop@y ov pexopet va.
Buerepéaet to atevd awvartind Kev6 je zmjiké js.
Or dgoves ovviiduc Karadiyouv oe TehaKG KoHpiA,
Souts now poudtony we Kongerad kau draxdadéovoveat aro
xpo tov d&ova.; Kae tehaxd KopBio epiéyer utkpo-
oKoMUKG KUOTIBIA, H] «GEKOUOD, TOV MEPLEZODY VEUPO-
drapipactés, Syradi} munis ovate: 01 omoies wetadi-
dovv xinpogopies péow Tye cbvayns orovs devopttes
evs yerrovixod venpsva ijren. Or Bevpies tov veu-
pdova hijarn nepugouv vrodoxeic, Shadi yurjuara
spe woreepochec isuphodivegc rio Begowran veryilie papi
onic kat site mopodotoby site axowénovy tv xapayr
yh véoo mextprxob erjeatos.
To Svvayind evépyetag TakiBeber Kati jKOg TOU
4Xova tov vevpdva. amoatohéa, 1 mpoovvartiKod veD-
paiva, ota eaké KOLA, Sov Bueyeiper THY eee
Gépwon vevpodtaPiBactdv and ra xvatidta evtds me
civayng. Avtot ot vevpodiaP Baorés dusoyiCovv ™m,
civayn Kar Seopebovrar oe OéoeIs vAodozEoV nav
0 yertovixd Sevbpimy tov vevpdove: dirty A getavva
zak’ venpévva. "Eva véo Maxtpuxd omic Eexivi of
autOv Tov Vevpdiva ZOU [AE TH SEY TOV LAOPEt va MPO-
kodéoet Eva Suvaynxd evépyeias a= avtéy Tov vEvpd-
va. Avni] 1 neKtpoxnpuch Spaon, mov ovopdtetar ov -
varie SrapiBaon (Br. Eyxwa 3.5), emrrpéxer tous
vevpiives va emowavoby peragb tovs.
‘Evag vevpodiaBipaoriis taipidcet os uyKeKprtévn
Qéon tov vAosoyta Tov émac Eva KEI Ge pia Khe
Sapié. AxpiBids Org Eva. Kei TaIprdCet novo oe pa
ovykexpipévn Kstdapui, état w6vo évac ovykeKpyté-
oyfor tov Ranvier
Burp puis ever xfor rv Rave. To msxtpw goprie evsaarxd
olka sin ice or EN,
rev df,
Vos vevposiapipacnis topei va despevtei oe ovyKE-
Kp\uévn Géon evéc vmodoxéa otov Sevdpimn. H popra-
xf] Sop} tov vevpodiapiPaorh apéxer va taipudcer oT]
Hoptaxt Sop GvyKexpysévns Aéons tov vmOdoyéa.
Tr ovppBaiver pe tovg vevpodtafiBactéic zo napa-
MEvooY om Givayn Herd TH jeErtBoan tov yn}IKOD
innvOpoT0s otov HetaovventiK6 VEUp@va: Me Kézco10v
tpOno mpénet vo oTayaTHOUV va EvEpYOOV Riva oTOVS
veupdves ylari adds ta pNVOLATA MoD peTABIsovV
6a cuvexiCovtay e¢ wei. O1 vevpodtaBiBactéc eykata-
deixowy T abvayn we tperg tpémoVs (BA. Ezaipa 3.5).
Tipartov, ot vevpodtapiBaotés propobv va anoppogn-
Boy and to tekiKd KopiPio tow xpoovvarttKod vev-
pava, wa Siadixacia nov ovopdcera exavaxpdady-
um, Aeircepov, ot veupodiapiBactés woposy va. Karta
otpapot and eibucd évCypa péow OTH COVaYN jE [IO
Suadiwacia nov ovowdteran evtigattnr diceonawry. Tpi-
‘tov, 01 vevpodtaBiBactés uopobv va Seopevtosy o&
nodozsic tov mpocwvarttixod vevpdve nov ovopiéCo-
vrai avzoimodozcic. Ov avrobmosoyeic Kataypagovv TY
noadmra tov veupodiefifiacr nov anchevOepaXnice
‘om cbvayn Kat GtékvOUV ora TOY xpoovvaRTIKs KE@AAAIO 3 Neupoeniothiin kai upnepipopa © 117
‘aovauns evipyac
veopdve va otapariioet my xepartépe anzhevoepooi,
tov Stay omperdveran redvasja.
Tono1 kal Aertoupyies
twv NeupobiaBiPactov
Mropei va avaporiéste x6a01 tHz01 vevpodiapipa-
orav dtaaziovv tig ovveryers tov eyKepdhov cus avi
TH ottypH. Eyipepa yvenpiGoupe ori Keetov 60 xnpuKes
ovoies EuMAéKovTaL oT [LetAPOPE TnpopopLdY GtOV
eyeéipuho Kar To oda xa exnpedovv je Ké[Link] tpo~
10 TH oKEYN, ta cvVaLGBHLaTa KOK TH GUHAEPLpOPA
Mepuxés karrnyopies zxcv ovary oaiverat va éxow
wiaitepy onpaoia, Oa pUsjoovpe yw’ avtoic tos ver
podtepiPactés 666 ev ovvtopia kat Oa tov Eavasv-
vavtjooupe oe endyeva Kepdara,
> Haxerviogodivy (ACh) eumdéxerar os ya oerpee
Aetovpyidv avjinepioyBavouévon kat tov ey-
00 TY LVBY tov Gdpatos, H aKerwroyohivn Bpi-
‘OETA TOc0 oe veupdves TOD [Link] 400 KaL TIS
ovvéyers nov uvdéovy Tovg Veupazoves HE TOVS
vg ket Rézto1a Spy ToD GeetOs, Om T| KaPSIA.
H axervhozohivn ovppédAer ory poOpton TIC TPO-
oy, Tc HAEHONE, TOD tinVOP, Tov OveipeOV Ka TS
ving (Gais & Born, 2004- Hasselmo, 2006-
‘Wrenn et al., 2006). H vécos Alzheimer, yc. x00-
Aoyuch xardocaa Tov yapaxtnpicerat axd copapr
Biarapare me HvFUNs, cwvieeran jE THY EKMOAGT,
vevpivav mov xupayouv axsrvhoxohivn,
EXHMA 3.5 Eovartut rapifaon
(0) To Bovaycd evépyeag raider ed
ao oe a2) Spa qa
pam vobaiforn an a oa
rota.) Orreupobafiamrc anu
evar vay, Gano a
year ot iin Btu ou aos 0
noc inert ae av Sevpt ov peta-
caro vive, env 6 va Bu
‘ee eevee. vepabeBifeosano-
xpi and ova ow (8) erera-
pleingn ea npoowa vena, (5)
anaancyéou edna om sna (6)
Beayevnc oe arco oo MpecwET-
vod up.
> H vronoysivy siven évag vevpodiaBiBuctiic zov pud-
pier THY KIvI}TURy) GUMTEPKPOPA, ta KivtpA, THY £-
gapiomon Kat Tr avyKrvnataKt busyepon). EEputios
TOU pokov nov maiLet TH aovGEan SYpTEpIOUpOY
ie avtayiorBés, n vronaptivn naive kikmotov pého orn,
Snwovpyia eMtopoo and vapKuriKés ovsies (Baler
& Volkow, 2006). ¥ ynaé enizcdu veomaysivns Gyouv
ovoyenotei pie Ty oy Coopévera (Winterer & Wein
berger, 2004) eva yaunné eninsda ézovv ovezert-
tei we tH vooo Parkinson.
> To yrovrawuvixd Bewpetear 0 Kipios Bisyeptini veu-
podiafiPaotis otov eyKEgako nov evicyse tm Bia-
BiBaon onpétoy peta) tov vevpdvev. Avribera,
To GABA (jyysr-aguivofiovtupixd ob) vivaro KOpIS
avaarahnxés vevpodiapiastis nov tetvet va cqt0-
BiCer my xapayery) SuvapKd evépyeras otovs VeU-
paves, Mepiamo yaoutatvixd Ff Hetopévo GABA
xopei va odrryijaet ce unepaiéyepn veupdveay xpo-
Kadavtag smanmnxés Kpioets,
> Avo ax6pa vevpodapiBuctés emnpedtovy tm Srae~
on Kan ty SuéyEPEN: 1] VopeERtve~pIVT] Kay GEPOTO-
vivn. H vopemveppivn euimdéxerat oe Katastaoe\G Hepp Sada Wallen xiv obatnd cpiva 12 Qian roa
‘90 To aya ronan Wold Championship 2009 or Xa, Draw cOkéc ax
‘Walenorst raipvownépacoe eo expaiaa hq yoyo, ebgcrave cows
‘a évor loa eupopiac nou nporime and ty expan evopgin. Ao o,
imate pow ora épaou ROU KOT auyWgewroyBAOOITOC TY
‘naplatov rove xaveBakorac me,
vymiig mposoziic Kat etoudtmtag ya KIVSOvOUS
ato nepificchAov (Ressler & Nemeroff, 1999). H
ceporovivy eumdéKxetan ty poO LI TO HAVOU Kat
TS EYPHYpaNs, MC mpPSarnyns poor} KaL- THC EM
etixhs Gvpmeprpopas (Dayan & Huys, 2009:
Kroeze & Roth, 1998). Exeiéi Kat ot 360 vevpodia-
BiBaorés emmpedCovv m S1GGcon Kor MY sypryyop-
on, KoNNAG enimeda Kou tov dbo evoyorowobvrat yu
Statapayés tHg duaHeons (Tamminga, 2006).
> Orewdoppives evan zmuunts ovates 01 onotes exhio-
rat ovis neptoyés tov eyxapdhon mov podiovv ra
aoOryora novov Kai Tg cuyKWiers (Keefe et al.,
2001), H evSopoives PonDoby date va apfiuvOci n
sunetpia tov nOvov Kat va «aveBei» 1 6d8eon. To
ionic copopias nov avayépovy xudAvi aOAaqtés
Kad; wBobv to Gdpa tovg oe enizova exineda
avtortig Haopei va epyyvewted ue THY aed.c00paon
evSopptvav atov eyxépano (Boecker et al., 2008).
Nas ta O4ppaKa
Mipouvta: tous NeupodiaBiBaotés
KaSévas and avtois rove vevpodtapiBaotés em-
Spobv orn oKéyN, ota cuvatoM para KL OTH ODURE -
Pupopé we StapoperiKods tpOxOUG, EOL GoTE N Ov-
OAOYIKH AEttoupyiROTHta anaItEi AeRTH Wopporia
stag) tov vevpodiapipactay. AxGua Kat 1] m0 f=
pi avicopponia —Aiyo mupuntives ax6 tov évay vev-
pobtaPiBacr ¥ dt apKers axd tov éAAov— juxopet
Va empedoet Spauarixé ty ovpeneprpopd. To Karvi-
OMe, 1 KaTAVGAWEN AAKOOA KAI T ZPHION VOLILOY Th
Rapavopov ovouby petapaALOUY thy |opporia TaV
vevpodiapipactiv otov eyképano.
Och Fx nea 0 ue eo Paksen ea aon
tev 10 2003. qprmdté os evo cone omino ood yay veo
‘axa apondi a epee pac
To? gdipuaxa nov Spovv ato veuprx6 odoT a
Aetovpyowv avktivovtas, xapestmoBiLovtas # pio0v-
hava T cbvean 1m Spéon tov vevpodtapiBactdv
(Cooper, Bloom, & Roth, 2003: Sarter, 2006). Ot aya
viotéc sive papuaxcvixés votes ov eviayriowy ty
Spin evde veopobiapiBacc}. Or avraryowerés eiven
oapuaxcourés ovaics nov eymodiXovy ty Jpdon eve
vevpodiapipaon} (Pd. Dyna 3.6).
Tha mapéderype, 1 ovoie L-Dopa avarriyOnKe ya
TY avetetdimon te vocov Parkinson, n onoia Kad
bpto 2éyo yapaxtnpiCeran axé tpopo KaL KwHTIKES
duarapazéc Kat mpoKorsitar and anddea vevpovev
Tov ypnaworoVobv tov vevpodiaPiPacti} vronapivn,
H vronapivn ovvrideron a euros tovg veupéves and
va Kowvd jépto ToD ovouéCetar L-Dopa. Xophyman
L-Dopa mpodyer avénuévn xapayoys vronaivns
x6 tous evaropeivavtes veupaives, Me aha hoya,
11 L-Dopa Aertoupyai euéous ag ayovianig ms vt0-
ativns. H ypijen L-Dopa civan apkeré anotehcpa-
TKI] oTHY avaKOb LGN TY CUpTELTOY mE VED
Parkinson (Muenter & Tyce, 1971+ Schapira etal, 2009),
‘Aycoviotés (Agonists) DapjiaKetKés OUGIES NOU eviexdouY
‘an pon evds veupobieBiBaoth
Avtaywviorés (Antagonists) Oopyioxeunxés oucies nou
‘eunobigowv tn BpGon evés veupodtaBiBaoth. KE@ANAIO 3 Neupoeniotnyn Kot Zuprepmpopd ° 119
gewcorcnvn
fiepereerneariad
kin cna
Tooveapobaseort
@
LEXHMA 3.6 H Apéon Aywniorov nat Avraywveriv Gopyaxcunc o0-
cc egow yeaa ve enouy (ayn) fe Sepaivew (avreyan
‘rtd awa Saifacn cvepyitac oc Sibgopa param Badmacic:
H qugcrauivn axoredei axdua tio rob SypLogosh
xéro1a ovoia nov disyeipar my arehzv0époon VopERt-
veppivns kan vronaptivns. Emméov, 1600 9 apigerat
vy 600 Kaun xoKaily MeptopiLouy TOV PLO srava-
xpoornyns Ms vopemwempivns Kat tm vronapivns. O
ovvdvacyds avgnévon puOpod anekevdépoons vo -
pemveppivns xan vromapivns Kent pevopévon puOpod
sxavanpéahnyris tovs KaTaRIiter ty Overy JE @o-
‘robs toUs vEvpodiapiiPactéc, aveivovtac onpaVtIKt T
diéyepON Tov vROdoyEoV Tovs. Kai ot S60 autés ov-
cies, Roméy, Spovv ws \ayvpoi aywvratés, NEpSO TOv
ra yusohoyké anotehéoparta ms KaBejcc StampEpovV
apxerd, avddoya. pe to nod Kat mths axprBiic Spovv
tov evxéoaho. H vopeniveippivn Katy vrorapive mui-
one: Scot
eraunaspuc oe
‘arial oboe
o ‘veicobansecrs
my ropayuyh 2 veupabaBiBoou, ory aneheodpua tx, Tove aTanND-
‘oye ory enavanpbokng, ou yeragvvaMioic Uraboye ator ia ry
ina,
Lov Kaipto pono orov Eeyyo Ts Buifleans, dare av-
Equévn ovvartixi Spaoy onowvsijnore and tovs 300
‘evposiapiifacts [Link] cupopia, atmvia. Kau vy
avepmnKoTTtu. H vopexveypivn Spins enions aveiever
ov puOue me Kapdtds. YnepBokuxy 8607 apperapi-
nef KoRatvng jaopei va Kérver my Kapotd vet cuore
eta t6o0 ypHiyopa now 1 Suipwee tov xG0E napoo
a uy apxei yta va ora.’ apxeri zoadmnte. aiqarcog
tov EyKEgUAO MpoKanveus humoDupiar Ka KEAOIES
popég Oavaro.
‘Aida @appaKa nov jywodvtat Tous vevposiapia-
orég, oxug ta aveikcraOAumruKd Kon ta cryZoROTIRG, Oot
vtnmPovy apyotepa ato Kegdhato @opancia. tov
Poxindv Auarapagev.
GQ
1. To mAextpiKé ofua nou eragéperar Kara UAKo¢
‘ToU d€ova mpo¢ tn cova ovopdCerat
‘a. BuvayKd npewias.
B. 6uvayixe evepyeiac
¥. kébjfing rou Ranvier
6.16v.
2. Or xnpikés voles nou perayépowy mhnpowopiec Hé-
‘ow mc ouvayng oToUC Sev6pirecevéc veupdiva rn
ovoydtovrat
a. xvoTi6ia,
8. tehika KouBia.
Y, Hetaopvarmoi veuptives.
5. veupobiaBiBaorés. 120 © EIZATOTH ETHN WYXOAOTIA
H Opyavwon
tou Neupikov Xuothpatos
‘Eyovpe Han St nag emwowovob peragd tovs ot VEU
paves. Hae eivon duo n evpbtepn erxivar; Or ver
paoves Lettovpyobv oxnnariCoveus obo Kau KUKAD-
hata 1600 tov eyK6paho, nov je 7 GeIpa tovs Spovv
kat empedgovv od0vg Kat KuKAdpora oe dAdes me-
proyés tov acuatos. Or vevpdves eivat ot SoyKot Ai-
Got nov oynuatiGovy ra vetipa — Séopes agSveav
ue Ta veupoyhowké Kéttapa zov toVs vRoam™P
To veupuxd obormpa civar éva diadpactxd dikevo anh
veupesves t0 oroio perapipacer niextpoynsanés xi-
pogopies ae oho to aoa.
To vevpixd cbornpa dunpeteat a= 60 Kopia TL
ora: To KEVTpIKS VEnpIKd GHaTILEL Ka TO TEpIDEpIKS
vevpixé cbornjc (BA. Zia 3.7). To KevtpuK6 vevpr-
6 ebormpa (KNE) axoreieizea and tov eyktigado Kat
rov voriaio woeid. To KevepiKé vevpixd aor hae
Paver aisdnmpuaxés manpogopies and tov é&0 dopo,
raCetan Ken auvtovicet TH poi aDtGY teaY An
popopudy kat aréhver evronés ato aKeertKd [oiIkd
obompaya dpion, To nepigepix6 vevpuxd sboTnna
(NZ) eveiver to sevepind vevpind oberon pu: ta dp
vat kat tovg 0g tov odyaros, Ac Sooue ta 860 ovat}
hata mo mpooextixt.
To Nepipepiké Neupiko Z0otnpa
To nepupeptxd veupixd cbompa anaptiCera pe ™
ceipé tov a6 560 KOpLA THI WATA, TO GOLATIKO VEU
pwxd oompLa Kut TO cEvTSvOHO VeupIKd adoTHHLE (BA.
Ypswe 3.7). To oomarixd vevprxd obormpa anor
Aira and vebpa mov eeapépovy mAnpopopies jcra.
Tov oxchecndiy jendy Kat tov Kevepixob veupiKob av ~
axjuacos. O évOpanos axel ovveidntd eyo névo
GF até To oboTHa Kat To ZpnoyLonOLsy "1a Va ayeI-
AapPavovra, va oxéprovtat Kai va ovvtoviCovy tI¢
evépyeuis tous, Tia napdderyya, to va amhiost Ka-
veig to Zépt Tov a va mdoet pa KOOTA Kapé Bac
Neupixé ovotnpa (Nervous system) Eva Biktuo veupe -
vow nou aAAnfeniépouv yetae0 tous ya va weragenouw
nflextooxnuies nfinpowopies oe 60 10 odya.
Kevtpik6_veupike aUotnpa (KNE) (Central nervous
system [CNS}) To tua tou veupKOU ovothatos nou
‘onoteeta! and tov eyséipao kai Tov varuGio peo
Tepipepicd veupiKo auotnpa (TNE) (Peripheral ner-
vous system [PNS}) To {hyo tou YEUpIKOU oUOTRaIOS
Rou ewaivel to KEvIpIK6 VEUpIKO BUaTNG Le to Spyava tou
(KoOTOS Ka! TOUS Hus.
Feaparixé veupixé ariernyia (Somatic nervanis syctem)
(0p06a veupdvenv nou petapepouv nAnpogoples HeraEY
‘TwW [UY Kar TOU KEVIpIKOU VEUpIKOD GuOThaTOS.
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Cero orig Aemré evopynotpopéves diepyaciss tov
GOULATIKOD VEvpIKOD GvaTHHUATOS: N FANPOPOPa. até
touc vnobozeis oa pinta tazevet GtoV ByKEpAAO,
Kataypdgoveas my napen mg KOOMAS Rave TO TPA
nate cfpara and tov eyKépao TaEWEbODY oTODS HVS
tov Bpayiova Kat tov ZEpi06, Kat avaxpo~odsenan
ard anroug tong [ug Fnpopopsi tov ByKEoaAo St
0 xépi dSpake my Kova,
‘Avridera, to vrévono vEvpiKs oboTnwa (ANE)
axotedsivan and veupesves xan juetagépovy axodioies Kas
avtépates cvtolic ya tov éieyyo Tov aapoodpov ay -
elev, tov opyiven tov actos Kat tow aSéveov. OROS
vrodndver to 6voué tov, aed To GHoTHHE AettoupyEl
cevr6voua ya va poOpiCet ta ovaTHpaTa TOV GipaTos,
oe peydho Badud Ko and tov avveisnts éeygo. To
ANE anoteheiren an S00 Kbpia tprpara, To oppAAen-
‘TKO VEpIKO GGOTHUM Kal TO MapasDHRaANTIK vevpt-
6 obompA. Kava aoxei SiapopeTix6 tino ehsyyou
nave oto Copa. To cupTAOTIKd vevpiK6 oboTH LE
coredzivat and vatipa nov mpoctocowy to aviyta Ya
Spdion ce earned iy ameudtnés Karaariiaets Ke 10
ropaavpradyTiKs vevpixé cbarywa BoyBi x0 acu
va emtorpiyes omy ovorohopch katdiataa npeniag (Bh.
Lppiwa 3.8). Pa mapaderyua, oxepretce Or. eve mop
tére pevos apyé to Bpddv Oopupeiote and tov Axo
Bnpdta o70 orev6 coKaxt miow cus, Excivn mm oTtyL
cevahauiBéver Span 10 cvpnadryeK6 vevpIKd oT:
Baar Tc KOpes TOV paTV ous Yue vO cIGEABEL
eplocdtepo Pas, avéirver Tov KapSAKS POUE KUN TY
rayirrta tg avanvoris yta va eeuerpaRioet repiooste-
po ogvy6vo Gtouc Hus, avédver TY apoy aijiatos
Grov eyKEigao Kal TOVS HDs, Kan EvEPYOROLE( TOV LBpC-
rono1obs adéves ia Ve wexdoat m7 BepHoxpacia tov
Grito: Tia va serxovoyioe evépyeia, to cvuna6n-
‘uxd VEUpIKo oboTHE avaatéAher Ty éxKpIoT) GIEAOD
Kan Tic Kivijoeic ta evtépaw, Kan KaTUOTEAt My Spaon
Tov ayooonomnKas aveTiyaros Kat TG GoparTIKES
cevriSpdceic Grov novo Kat TOV tpavparIGHO. Orav
Eyete aropaxpuvei and tov exiéogo sy0p6, 10 oda
ac dev yperdderan vo efvar mua 6s cuvayepHs. To napa
oupaadn TKS veupiKd oboTma avahapBaver va ava
orpéyer ta anorehoperta Ts Spdons tov ovpmalyn-
ko vevpikod cveripiatos Kal VoL eROWARPEPEL TO AKH}LCL
aac om gvauKt} tov Kertiotaon, Ot nepiacdcepes Spd-
Gels TOV REPAGvERGONTKOD vevpiKo} GvaTHHATOS
éqouv avriGer «popé> amd exeives tov cupRaOrWKOd.
Tia mapaderya, v0 xapacopnadn td vevpix6 cbarn-
ha cvotéiAat tig Ropes TOV HamiGy, emPpadiver tov
apSiaxd nad Kan THY avastvor, extpénet Tm por Tov
aiuatos oro nemTKd oboe Kat pEKdvEL Tm Spaom-
pidmra tov tépotonoudy adévon.
To Kevtpiké Neupik6é Zuotnpa
Loyxpwvopevo pe my kn OKOpa. tov tpnpdtov tov ne
pipEpKOH VEvpIKOS GvOTI}HATOS, TO KEVEpIKE VEUPIKG
bora popei ve paiverat anhb. Anovedsivat 620-
Gté and 5b0 v0 ppm: TOV eyKEOARO Kat voy YOTLAIO
ped. Ta. d60 aveds costed Spins eiven tehaKth UE
Bova ja Tic mepiawdtepes HOvUsLKG. avBpdimives Aat-
rovpyisc. O eyxépahos vnoompitet tig mo obvOEtEs
aytinruixéc, xwntinés, ovyeumotaKés Kat vorTIKES,
Jarroupyicg tov vavpucod oveTiETos, O verritias je
os exteiveran Kite amd TOV EYKEGGAD HETAMEPOVTA
evtohs npog 0 O60.
0 verriaios pwerds wordcer pe tov graz6 ovyyE-
vi tov eyxepédon: o eyxépanoc naipvet ddn t 36a
at 0 voriaios [webs dev Kdver Kat ROAR Rpérya-
‘at EkTOS UNO VU EKTEAEL TIC EVTORES ToD eyKEDEAOD.
Tra xtinotes 20hd Backs ovpmepipopés Opes, 0 va~
‘ratios wehbe dev zperdCerat ofpavon and tov eyKE~
oad, Twvééoeis petagh aroOyexdy Kar xivyticdy
vevpovew ctov variaio ned napéeyouy ta vortaia.
aytavaxiaotsé, Sxadh ards odovig avo vevpixd
ciara x00 cyeipooy yprivopes KivntuKés avtidpdaee.
Ta xapéderyqa, av ayyigere t0 Ceord pati TMs KOU-
Civac, ta aoOyeMpaKs vebpa TOV KaxaypapOvY 26 -
vo otéivowy ofnata axsvOsias orov votiaio [veh
(Bi. Sina 3.9). Méow nepuctv avo ovvarceuxtiy ovv -
Béoeov crov voTIaio HERS, evdudqEd0 vevpdves 6-
taBiPaCovy avré. 1a ofjHata orove KwvATUKODS vEUpI-
ves nov cwvBéoveen fue TOVE [Ys TOD ZePI08 KAL TO KI-
voov ypiiyopa paxpré ad thy My tH Oepudetac,
stags aneesnneenseens ;
