-

: (.. 5630)

2015


.
.


.

2015

.

..

.

3
.


.

.


.

.

.
,
.

II


. I

... I

.. 1

1.
.... 4

2. 3

2.1 .... 10
2.2 3.. 11
2.3 14

3.

3.1 16
3.2 16
3.3 ............. 21
3.4 .. 22
3.5 24

III

3.6 ... 26
3.7 . 26

4.

4.1 28
4.2 . 28
4.3 29
4.4 30
4.5 .... 31

5.

5.1 .. 36
5.1.1 . 36
5.1.2 .. 36
5.1.3 . 37
5.1.4 . 38
5.2 . 39
5.2.1 . 39
5.2.2 40
5.2.3 40
5.2.4 ... 41
5.3 ... 42
5.4 43

IV

6.

6.1 47
6.2 47
6.3 49
6.4 51
6.5 ... 54

7. ............... 67

. 68

1. ...... 69

.


.


.
,

.

( , ,
).
,
.

.

.



(, , ...).

, ,
, ,
, ,

( 1).

1
 1. [4].

,
(
) (, ,
).

.
,


.


, ,
, .
,
( 1,50m 2,50m),
,
( )
.
,
( ) ,

.

2


(
4,00 7,00m).
(
), ,
,
.

,

,
.

3
1.

( ).
,

. (
)
.

. ,


,
.
O ,
,


.
1779
31 m Severn . H
, St. Louis
H..A., 1874. H

150 m (153-158-153m),
. , 1879,
M
. H Brooklyn
1883 East River N.
486 m,
.
K ,
,

4

H..A. .
O

(Hooke 1676),
(Euler 1744)
(Navier 1823).
M

,
, ,

,

.
,


.
-,

,

(, , ..).

,
.

Santa Fe (1895)
(1901).

: T Crystal Palace
(1851), E K Jenney
1892 , 20- E
Bruce Prices merican Surety N Y (1895),
Eiffel (1876)
Ritz (1904), Morning Post (1906), R.A.C. Club (1910),
Kodak House (1911)
(1929).
,
.
,

5

.

1.1 Eiffel [5].

B
1970,
. 1980 ,


.

Broadgate , G. Popidou ,
Lloyds Chambers Hong-Kong Shanghai
Banking Corporation Headquarters Hong-Kong.

1990, 90%
50%
, .
,


.
1930 (skyscrapers).

6
 1.2 Empire State [7].

Empire State ( )
art deco 14
1931.
381m 102 ,
41 . 1973
(110 410 m)
. 1974
Sears (109
442 m) .

7
 Burj Khalifa
828 m. 5 ,
2004 2009.

1.3 Burj Khalifa [7].

,

( , , ,
...). ,

.


80-120 m, ,

8
 , ,
,


.
,
,
,
.

9
2. 3

2.1

1980




-
.
(Structural Eurocodes).
1990
(CEN, Comite Europeen de
Normalisation, European Committee for Standardization)
,
. , 1990
250
,
CEN,
:
EN 1990 0
EN 1991 1
EN 1992 2

EN 1993 3
EN 1994 4

EN 1995 5
EN 1996 6

EN 1997 7
EN 1998 8

EN 1999 9

10



.






.


, ...,
,
,
.

2.2 3

3 (EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3-Design of steel

structures)


.

3

(admissible stresses)
E (DIN 4114, DIN 1050,
DIN 4100 ...) (limit
states). H
(partial safety factors),

,
,
.
,
,

, (

11
 )
.

,
:
) 1 =1.0
fy (..
/ )
) 2 =1.25
fu (..

).

) 0 =1.0 .
,
-
.

E 3 ,

(y, z x, y) , S.I.,
(
40 mm),

..
,
, 3
(indicative values)
-
. ,

- (National Application Documents, NADs)

,
3
.


(.. 1090
- (Execution of steel
structures-Technical requirements).

12
 3 :
1993-1
1993-2
1993-3 ,
1993-4 ,
1993-5
1993-6
3-2 3-6
3-1,

3-1. 3-1 :
9 1993-1-1
9 1993-1-2
9 1993-1-3
9 1993-1-4
9 1993-1-5
9 1993-1-6
9 1993-1-7

9 1993-1-8
9 1993-1-9
9 1993-1-10

9 1993-1-11

3
(normative)
(informative) (Annexes).
.



( 1993-3-1, ()).

ISO. ,
EN10025
(weldable
structural steels) , S235(Fe360) , S275(Fe430)
S355(Fe510)
.
,

13

. 3

0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 9.

2.3

,
,
:
,

:

E d , stb E d ,dst (2.1)

(stabilizing
actions) Ed ,stb
(destabilizing
actions) Ed ,dst .

,
:

Rd S d (2.2)

, Rd

S d .

:

C d Ed (2.3)

C d
E d .

14
 , ,

.
(durability)
,

, ,
, ,
,
,
, (.. ),

.

15
3.

3.1

( ), -
2.06% , 1%
, , .
,
,
, ..


.. ..
(weathering steels)
(stainless steels).
(.. , , ..)
5%
...
,
,
.
.
,
, .

. ,

,

.

3.2

(
), :

Bessemer

16
 Siemens Martin ( )



.

3.1 Bessemer [6].

Bessemer: ,

( ) .
()

. .
,

17
 .
,
, (
homas). ,
,

.

3.2 Siemens Martin [6].

Siemens Martin:
,
. ,
1500 1700 C.

18
 ,
. ,
, ,
.
( 75%),

( 25%) . Siemens Martin,

.

3.3 [6].

:
,
.


.
,
.

19

.
.
.


.

3.4 [6].

: ,

Bessemer Siemens Martin,
.
,
, ,
, .

20
, ,
.
,
:
.
(, )
.

.

3.3

,
,
.
:

.
,
.
, 100%
. 40%
,
60%
.

.
,

.
.
,
,
,
.




.

21

.
,

.

(, ),

,

,
.

:
()


()

3.4

.

,

.
(.. )

,
.
1993-1-1

:
fu

fy
fu
fy .

22
 5.65 A0
( A0 )
u , u
fu .

,
:

3.5 - [2].

:
: E = 21 10 4 N 2
mm
Poisson = 0,3
E
: G = = 8.1 10 4 N
2(1 + ) mm 2
= 12.106 C
( T 100 C)
: = 7850 Kg
m3

23
3.5

.
3.6.

3.6
[5].

: (rolled
sections) (welded sections).

( 3.7)
.

24
 3.7
[5].

(hollow
sections).
,
, .

.

: ,
,
( 3.1).

3.1 [5]

25
3.6

.

, .

3 :
1.

.
2. ,
.
3.
,
.
4.

3.7

()
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
30%

. 100% .

, 25%
( ).

.
1.114 , 635 , 55
.


.

26
 3.9

[8].

27
4.

4.1

( ) .

,
.


.

,
,

.

.


.

4.2

,
:
, .

,

.
.
.

28



:

(cranes)
(monorails), .
.

.

.
.

(..
) .

.

4.3

.



.

.




.


,


.

29
4.4

(statically determinate)
(statically redundant) .


(elastic global analysis)
(plastic global analysis).


,

3.

, .




.

- ,
.
,
,
.


.
(rigid-
plastic) (elastic-plastic) .
, ,
3
- 4.1 (
) 4.1.

30
 4.1 () -
() -
[5].

J
M, (z)
:

(z ) =
M
z (4.1)
J

z = z max (
), :

M
max = z max (4.2)
J

, M max
:

fy
max = (4.3)
M0

f y M 0
.
M 0
3.
M 0 1.0 1.10.

31

,
:

J fy
M = (4.4)
max M 0

J
(elastic resistance)
max
wel .
h
b h, : z max =
2
:

bh 3
12 bh 2
wel = = (4.5)
h 6
2

fy
= ,
max
M0

.
(plastic hinge).
(Plastic
moment)
(plastic resistance) w pl .

:

h f y h bh 2 f y
M pl =b = (4.6)
2 M0 2 4 M0

32
 bh 2
w pl = (4.7)
4

w pl = 1.5wel (4.8)

4.5

(..
, , ...)

.

,


.
(robust).


.
1968
18
22- Ronan Point .


( 4.2).
,
.

33
 4.2 Ronan Point
1968 [7].

3

(partial
safety factors)
,
. ..:


.
,

.

.
1 (actions) F
(.. )

34

.
.

,
.
:
1. :
(.. )
(.. , )
(.. ,
)
2. :
(..
)
(..
, )

35
5.

5.1

5.1.1


, , marketing ...

. -


.

.. 2012.

2012.

:


.

.

5.1.2
..
1994
.
200 .. .

.
. ,

36
 .

.


.


.



1994.
,
.

5.1.3


.
. 2012

.
:

,
, .

.



.



.

37
 ,


.

5.1.4

.

.

.
. ,
, ,
-
.

.
-
,

.


/ .

.
.

. , ,
,

.
.
545 ..
14.645 ..
.

38
5.2

5.2.1

[1]:
1.



.
2. ( )



3.

(, , ...)
4.






5.

(.. ,
...

6.


(..
, ...)
7.


8.

39
 , ,
.
.

5.2.2
,
.

,


(
( )
.

. ,
.

.
( ) S275-jr.

, 8.8.
.
() panels
,
CE 320
G. ,
panels,
C ,
CE 320 G.
,

(SYMDECK 73), ,
.

5.2.3
(
- ) :

40
 1. () .

2. .
1
,
0.60 kN/m2.

3. 0.15 kN/m2.

4. .
1 ,
33 m/sec,
q = 0.68 kN/m2.

5. 3.50 kN/m2.

. ,
8
, 2,
0.24g.
q, 2 1.5
, 1. ,

4%.

5.2.4


3 ...
3 ( )
.

Autocad 3DR_Steel.
:

( )
( )
(
Duhamel).

41
5.3

(

) ,
.
5.1.

.
(
)
.
,
.
.
, ,
, .



.

5.1 [4].

42
5.4

.
Autocad.
( 5.2), ( 5.3),
( 5.4)
( 5.5) .

5.2 .

43

 5.3 .
44

 5.4 .

45

 5.5 .
46

6.

6.1

.
3. : ,
.

.

6.2

(buckling)

,
,

.

, ,

.

, N Sd ,
(
), N Rd .
:

N Sd N Rd (6.1)

N Rd
:

47
 A F fy
N Rd = (6.2)
M1

=
A =
F =
f y =
M 1 = 1.10 .
:
1. , , :

s
= (6.3)
i

s = ( )
i = .

2. , 1 , :

1 = 93.9 (6.4)

= .

3. , , :

= A (6.5)
1

4. .

.
.
,

48

.

5. (6.2)
.
0.2

.

6.3

(bolted connections)
(welded connections).


in situ
.


,
.

.
, -
. ,

.

,
. ,
,

.
, N v ,Rd ,
:

:

49
 0.6 F f ub
N v ,Rd = (6.6)
Mb

:
c Fs f ub
N v ,Rd = (6.7)
Mb

F =
Fs =
f ub =
c = 0.5 0.6
Mb =1.25 .

, N b ,Rd ,
:

2.5 a d t f u
N b ,Rd = (6.8)
Mb

d =
t =

=
.
f u =

, Nt ,Rd ,
:

0.9 Fs f ub
N t ,Rd = (6.9)
Mb

50

,
, N v ,Sd ,
, N t ,Sd , ,
. , :

: N v ,Sd N v ,Rd (6.10)

: N v ,Sd N b,Rd (6.11)

: N t ,Sd N t ,Rd (6.12)

N v ,Sd N t ,Sd
+ 1 (6.13)
N v ,Rd 1.4 N t ,Rd

6.4

, M Sd , M Rd
, :

M Sd M Rd (6.14)

,
( )
:
) 1 2.
, Wpl ,
:

51
 W pl f y
M Rd = (6.15)
M0

) 3.
, Wel ,
:

Wel f y
M Rd = (6.16)
M0

) 4.
, Weff ,
:

Weff f y
M Rd = (6.17)
M1

f y =
M 0 = 1.10 .
M 1 = 1.10 .

:
)
.
)
, Fn ,
:

Fn f y M 2
0.9 (6.18)
F fu M 0

52

F
Fn = F F
f u
M2 = 1.25 .

53
 6.5 .

3DR STRAD PRO ,
.
. :
a) ( 6.1).
b) ( 6.2).
c) ( 6.3).
d) ( 6.4).
e) ( 6.5),



.
f) . 2 :
a. .
b.
,

.
.
,
Presteel ( 6.6).
g)
.
( 6.7).
h)
,
( 6.8).
i)
( 6.9).
j) 3D
( 6.10).

.

54

 k) (
6.11). .
l) ( 6.12).



.
m)
,
, connect
( 6.13).
n) .

( 6.14).
o)

( 6.15).
p)

( 6.16).
.
q)
.
Steelcad< < ( 6.17).
r)
( 6.18).
s)

( 6.19).
t)
< ( 6.20)
.

55

 6.1 .

6.2 .

56

 6.3 .

57

 6.4 .

6.5 .

58

 6.6 Presteel.

6.7 .

59

 6.8 .

6.9 .

60

 6.10 3D.

6.11 .

61

 6.12 .

6.13 .

62

 6.14 .

6.15 .

63

 6.16 .

6.17 .

64

 6.18 .

6.19 .

65

 6.20 .

66

7.

.

, ,

, ,
.

,


3.
3



.
3

[1]:

.


.
( )
.

67

1. ., , 2008.
2. .,
, , 2011. 3.
., , 2006.
4. .,
, , 2011.
5. ., , , 2009.
6. . .,
, 2013.
7. [Link]
8. [Link]

68

1.

Connection: EDRASI
Type: Base Plate
2: Moment base plate
Country: Europe
Units: SI metric
Design code: ANSI/AISC 360 (LRFD)

69
Column: Mark=COL Section=HE260A Grade=S235
d = 250 mm Root rad. = 24 mm Fyf = 235 N/mm2
b = 260 mm Area = 8680 Fyw = 235 N/mm2
tf = 13 mm Sx = 836000 Fu = 360 N/mm2
tw = 8 mm Zx = 920000
.Section moment strength . . . . 194,6 kN.m Note
1
.Section shear strength . . . . . 264,4 kN A360
(G2-1)
.Section tension strength . . . . 1835,8 kN
.Section compression strength . . 1835,8 kN A360
E7

Base plate:
450x360x35 Gr./Fy/Fu=S275/275/430MPa

Welds:
8 FW/560MPa all around column.

Bolts:
4 x M24 8.8/S/N anchor bolts.
Bolt hole dia. . . . . . . . . . 46 mm
No. bolt rows = 2
No. bolt cols. = 2
Spacing of outer bolts, sg = 280 in XX direction.
Spacing of outer bolts, sp = 360 in YY direction.
Embedment length = 550, no hook.
Shear capacity of bolts NOT considered.

Shear key:
Depth, bs . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mm
Width for strong axis shear, dsx 150 mm
Thickness, tsy . . . . . . . . . 20 mm
Width for weak axis shear, dsy . 150 mm
Thickness, tsx . . . . . . . . . 20 mm
Weld: 6 FW/560MPa to base plate.

Foundation:

70
Foundation strength, f'c . . . . 20,0 N/mm2
Grout thickness . . . . . . . . . 0 mm
Rectangular, D . . . . . . . . . 600 mm
B . . . . . . . . . 500 mm
Min. bolt edge distance . . . . . 110 mm
Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 mm
Foundation is reinforced - reinforcement not checked.
Coefficient of friction . . . . . 0,35

MINIMUM ACTION CHECK

(Minima are based on section capacity, not member capacity.)
Specified minimum design actions:
Bending 50% of Ms ( 194,6) = 97,3 kN.m
Shear 40,0 kN
Tension 0% of Ns ( 1835,8) = 0,0 kN
Compression 0% of Nc ( 1835,8) = 0,0 kN
NOTE: Input design actions are not automatically increased if they are
less than
the specified minimum actions. Minimum actions may be set in any
load case.
This check warns if any design action is less than the specified
minimum
for all load cases.

DESIGN CHECK SUMMARY

Case Pu Vxu Vyu Mxu Myu LF Util.
1 -1c 60 60 100,0 0,0 1,27 79% <-- Critical
2 -400c 60 60 50,0 0,0 2,26 44%

INPUT DESIGN ACTIONS FOR CASE NO. 1

Axial, Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . -1,0 kN (comp.)
Shear, Vux . . . . . . . . . . . 60,0 kN
Shear, Vuy . . . . . . . . . . . 60,0 kN
Moment, Mux . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 kN.m
Moment, Muy . . . . . . . . . . . 0,00 kN.m

Using AISC 2006 model...

DESIGN STRENGTH CHECKS...

71
 Utilization ratio
Required strength
Design strength Reference

NOTE: Capacity of section is not checked.

COMPRESSION + MOMENT ANALYSIS

Concrete confinement ratio . . . 1,33
Bearing strength, fp(max) . . . . 14,7 N/mm2
Foundation concentric compression strength 2386,8 Puc = 1,0
0% Pass
Anchor bolt tension...
Min. edge distance (unreinf.) . . 144 mm ASI
DG7 p.53
Bolt edge distance . . . . . . . 110 144 No
Informative
Strong axis bending...
Eccentricity . . . . . . . . . . ******* mm
Critical eccentricity . . . . . 224,9 mm SDG1
(3.3.7)
Outstand . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 mm
=== Large moment - bolts in tension ===
Bearing strength per unit length, qmax . . 5,304 kN/mm
Concrete bearing length, Y . . . 50 mm SDG1
(3.4.3)
Concrete bearing force . . . . . 263,5 kN
Total bolt tension, Tu . . . . . 262,5 kN SDG1
(3.4.2)
Bolt tension lever arm . . . . . 380 mm
Single bolt tension strength . . . . . . . 210,4 T1 = 131,3 62% Pass
Single bolt pull-out strength (unreinf.) . 354,2 T1 = 131,3 37%
Pass
Plate bending moment (bearing) . 21,5 kN.m SDG1
(3.3.12)
Base plate yield (bearing) strength . . . 27,3 Mpb = 21,5 79%
Pass
Plate bending lever arm . . . . 61 mm
Plate bending moment (tension) . 16,1 kN.m

72
Base plate yield (tension) strength . . . 27,3 Mpt = 16,1 59%
Pass
Base plate shear yield strength . . . . . . 2079,0 Tu = 262,5 13%
Pass A360 (J4-3)
Base plate shear rupture strength . . . . . 1814,5 Tu = 262,5 14%
Pass A360 (J4-4)
NOTE: X and Y shear forces are resisted only by weld elements aligned
in the
same direction as the shear force.
Column weld strength . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426 vures = 0,717 50% Pass

SHEAR ANALYSIS

CHECK 4 - Shear Transfer by Friction:

Slip factor . . . . . . . . . . . 0,35
Compression force . . . . . . . . 1,0 kN
Available base plate friction . . . . . . . 0,2 kN
Design shear less friction (x) . 59,8 kN
Design shear less friction (y) . 59,8 kN

CHECK 6 - Shear Transfer by Shear Key:

Shear key y direction capacity...
Key bearing strength, Vkb . . . . . . . . 122,4 Vubal = 59,8 49%
Pass
Foundation tension strength, Vke . . . . 193,4 Vubal = 59,8 31%
Pass ACI 349-06
Shear key bending strength, Vks . . . . . 92,8 Vubal = 59,8 64%
Pass
Shear key shear strength, Vkv . . . . . . 371,2 Vubal = 59,8 16%
Pass
Shear key weld strength, Vkw . . . . . . 77,8 Vubal = 59,8 77%
Pass
Shear key x direction capacity...
Key bearing strength, Vkb . . . . . . . . 122,4 Vubal = 59,8 49%
Pass
Foundation tension strength, Vke . . . . 201,2 Vubal = 59,8 30%
Pass ACI 349-06
Shear key bending strength, Vks . . . . . 92,8 Vubal = 59,8 64%
Pass

73
 Shear key shear strength, Vkv . . . . . . 371,2 Vubal = 59,8 16%
Pass
Shear key weld strength, Vkw . . . . . . 77,8 Vubal = 59,8 77%
Pass

Total (y) shear strength . . . . . . . . . 78,0 Vuy = 60,0 77% Pass

Total (x) shear strength . . . . . . . . . 78,0 Vux = 60,0 77% Pass

NOTES:
1. Flexural yield capacity ignoring section slenderness.

CRITICAL LOAD CASE . . . . 1

CRITICAL LIMIT STATE . . . Base plate yield (bearing) strength
UTILIZATION RATIO . . . . 79%
STRENGTH RATIO . . . . . . 1,272 Pass

Connection: DOKIDADOKOS

74
 Type: Angle Cleat
1: Bolted to beam / bolted to support
Country: Europe
Units: SI metric
Design code: ANSI/AISC 360 (LRFD)

Beam: Mark=BM Section=IPE240 Grade=S275 Span=4,8 m

d = 240 mm Root rad. = 15 mm Fyf = 275 N/mm2
b = 120 mm Area = 3910 Fyw = 275 N/mm2
tf = 10 mm Sx = 324000 Fu = 430 N/mm2
tw = 6 mm Zx = 367000
.Section shear strength . . . . . 245,5 kN A360
(G2-1)
.Section tension strength . . . . 967,7 kN
.Section compression strength . . 967,7 kN A360
E7
Top cope depth . . . . . . . . . 35 mm
Top cope length . . . . . . . . . 90 mm

Support: Mark=COL Section=IPE360 Grade=S275

d = 360 mm Root rad. = 18 mm Fyf = 275 N/mm2
b = 170 mm Area = 7270 Fyw = 275 N/mm2
tf = 13 mm Sx = 904000 Fu = 430 N/mm2
tw = 8 mm Zx = 1019000
.Section compression strength . . 1799,3 kN A360
E7
Connection to girder web.

Gap from support to beam . . . . 10 mm

Angles:
Double L90X90X8 angles 160 long Gr./Fy/Fu=S235/235/360MPa

Bolts:
2 x M16 8.8/N in 2 rows and 1 column to beam web.
Dist. to first col. in web, sg1 . 50 mm
Support bolt back gauge, sg3 . . 50 mm
Spacing between rows, sp . . . . 80 mm
4 x M16 8.8/N in 2 rows and 1 column each supported leg.

75
BILL OF MATERIALS
Angles:
2 no. - L90X90X8 x 160 Grade=S235 . . . . . 3,5 kg
Bolts:
2 no. - M16 8.8/N x 60 long . . . . . . . . 0,5 kg
4 no. - M16 8.8/N x 50 long . . . . . . . . 0,9 kg
Total mass of bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,4 kg

MINIMUM SHEAR FORCE CHECK

Input design actions are not automatically increased if they are less than
the specified
minimum actions. Minimum actions may be set in any load case. This
check warns if the
shear force is less than the specified minimum (40 kN) for all load cases.
* Shear force exceeds specified minimum in at least one load case.

INPUT DESIGN ACTIONS

Shear, Vu . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,0 kN
Axial, Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,0 kN

BEAM TABLE SHEAR

For uniform load on simply supported beam:
Section moment strength . . . . 90,8 kN.m Note
1
Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,8 m
Max. total uniform load . . . . 151,4 kN
Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,7 kN

Using AISC SCM 14th model...

GEOMETRY CHECKS...
CHECK 1 - Detailing Requirements:
Ref. 6: Steel Construction Manual - 14th Edition - AISC - 2011 (SCM14)
Length of clip angles . . . . . . 160 95 Yes SCM14
p.10-9
Angle leg thickness . . . . . . . 8 16 Yes SCM14
p.10-9

76
DESIGN STRENGTH CHECKS...
Utilization ratio
Required strength
Design strength Reference

CHECK 2 - Bolts to Support:
Support bolt group: 4 x M16 8.8/N
Bolt group shear strength . . . . . . . . . 224,4 Vu = 72,0 32% Pass
A360-T:J3.2
Angle bolt bearing strength . . . . . . . . 326,6 Vu = 72,0 22% Pass
A360 J3.10
Support bolt bearing strength . . . . . . . 396,3 Vu = 72,0 18%
Pass A360 J3.10

CHECK 3 - Bolts to Beam Web:

Web bolt group: 2 x M16 8.8/N
Design eccentricity . . . . . . . 0,0 mm
Eccentricity moment . . . . . . . 0,00 kN.m
Single bolt shear strength . . . 56,1 kN A360-
T:J3.2
Shear strength of web bolts (double shear) 224,4 Vu = 72,0 32%
Pass
Angle bolt bearing strength . . . . . . . . 326,6 Vu = 72,0 22% Pass
A360 J3.10
Web bolt bearing strength . . . . . . . . . 153,6 Vu = 72,0 47% Pass
A360 J3.10

CHECK 4 - Clip Angles:

Angle shear yield strength . . . . . . . . 361,0 Vu = 72,0 20% Pass
Angle shear rupture strength . . . . . . . 311,0 Vu = 72,0 23%
Pass
Angle block shear - support legs . . . . . 332,6 Vu = 72,0 22%
Pass A360-(J4-5)
Angle block shear - beam legs . . . . . . . 332,6 Vu = 72,0 22%
Pass A360-(J4-5)

CHECK 5 - Beam Shear:

Coped web shear strength . . . . . . . . . 180,0 Vu = 72,0 40%
Pass Ref.34 p.96

77
CHECK 6 - Beam Block Shear:
Coped web block shear strength . . . . . . 155,9 Vu = 72,0 46%
Pass A360-(J4-5)

CHECK 7 - Coped Beam Bending:

Coped section moment strength . . . . . . . 17,0 kN.m
Coped web moment strength . . . . . . . . . 170,1 Vu = 72,0 42%
Pass
Estimated max. cope length . . . 220 mm

CHECK 8 - Beam Rotation:

Rotation for UDL (rad.) . . . . . 0,018
Rotation for contact (rad.) . . . 0,083
Contact rotation strength . . . . . . . . . 337,8 Vu = 72,0 21% Pass

CHECK 9 - Coped Beam Buckling:

NOTE: Coped beam must be restrained against lateral torsional buckling.
Buckling check to AISC SCM 13th p.9-7 (Cheng, Yura, Johnston)...
Critical stress, Fcr . . . . . . 1061 N/mm2
Critical stress, Fcr Fy . . . 275 N/mm2
Elastic modulus . . . . . . . . 68109 mm3
(Plastic modulus) . . . . . . . 123834 mm3
Single coped web buckling strength . . . . 168,6 Vu = 72,0 43%
Pass
Estimated max. cope length . . . 220 mm

CHECK 10 - Support Member:

Depth of shear surface . . . . . 213 mm
Girder web local shear strength . . . . . . 562,6 Vu = 72,0 13%
Pass P212 p.26
Local shear strength for beam both sides . 562,6 2Vu = 144,0 26%
Pass Informative
Girder web bearing strength . . . . . . . . 396,3 Vu = 72,0 18%
Pass
Girder web tearing strength . . . . . . . . 767,8 Vu = 72,0 9% Pass
Informative checks for double-sided connection...
Local shear strength for beam both sides . 562,6 2Vu = 144,0 26%
Pass

78
 Bearing strength for beam both sides . . . 396,3 2Vu = 144,0 36%
Pass
Tearing strength for beam both sides . . . 767,8 2Vu = 144,0 19%
Pass

NOTES:
1. Flexural yield capacity ignoring section slenderness.

CRITICAL LIMIT STATE . . . Web bolt bearing strength

UTILIZATION RATIO . . . . 47%
STRENGTH RATIO . . . . . . 2,133 Pass

Connection: DOKOSPATARISTYLOS
Type: Bolted Moment End Plate
A - End plate square to beam
Country: Europe

79
 Units: SI metric
Design code: ANSI/AISC 360 (LRFD)

Beam 1: Mark=B1 Section=IPE270 Grade=S275 Angle= 0.00

d = 270 mm Root rad. = 15 mm Fyf = 275 N/mm2
b = 135 mm Area = 4590 Fyw = 275 N/mm2
tf = 10 mm Sx = 429000 Fu = 430 N/mm2
tw = 7 mm Zx = 484000
.Section moment strength . . . . 119,8 kN.m Note
1
.Section shear strength . . . . . 294,0 kN A360
(G2-1)
.Section tension strength . . . . 1136,0 kN
.Section compression strength . . 1136,0 kN A360
E7

Column: Mark=C1 Section=HE260A Grade=S275

d = 250 mm Root rad. = 24 mm Fyf = 275 N/mm2
b = 260 mm Area = 8680 Fyw = 275 N/mm2
tf = 13 mm Sx = 836000 Fu = 430 N/mm2
tw = 8 mm Zx = 920000
.Section moment strength . . . . 227,7 kN.m Note
1
.Section shear strength . . . . . 309,4 kN A360
(G2-1)
.Section compression strength . . 2148,3 kN A360
E7

End plate:
450x180x15 Gr./Fy/Fu=S275/275/430MPa
Beam to end plate angle . . . . . 90,00

End plate welds:

6 FW/560MPa flanges.
4 FW/560MPa web.

Bolts:
6 x M20 8.8/S/N top flange, 100 gauge.
2 x M20 8.8/S/N btm. flange, 100 gauge.

80
Stiffeners: Gr./Fy/Fu=S275/275/430MPa Welds fu=560MPa
2/120 x6 top, 4 FW and across ends.
2/120 x6 btm., 4 FW and across ends.

Web doubler plates:

238x193x8 Gr./Fy/Fu=S275/275/430MPa
No. web doubler plates . . . . . 1
Weld CJPGW/560MPa all around.

BILL OF MATERIALS
Plates:
1 no. - 450x180x15 Grade=S275 . . . . . . . 9,5 kg
4 no. - 225x120x6 Grade=S275 . . . . . . . 5,1 kg
1 no. - 238x193x8 Grade=S275 . . . . . . . 2,9 kg
Total mass of plates . . . . . . . . . . . 17,5 kg
Bolts:
8 no. - M20 8.8/S/N x 70 long . . . . . . . 3,7 kg
Welds:
540 mm - FW 6 fu=560MPa . . . . . . . . . . 0,1 kg
3739 mm - FW 4 fu=560MPa . . . . . . . . . 0,2 kg
476 mm - CJPGW 8x8x85% fu=560MPa . . . . . 0,2 kg
386 mm - CJPGW 8x8x100% fu=560MPa . . . . . 0,2 kg
Total mass of welds . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,7 kg

MINIMUM ACTION CHECK

(Minima are based on section capacity, not member capacity.)
Specified minimum design actions:
Bending 50% of Ms ( 119,8) = 59,9 kN.m
Shear 0% of Vs ( 294,0) = 0,0 kN
40,0 kN
Tension 0% of Ns ( 1136,0) = 0,0 kN
Compression 0% of Nc ( 1136,0) = 0,0 kN
NOTE: Input design actions are not automatically increased if they are
less than
the specified minimum actions. Minimum actions may be set in any
load case.
This check warns if any design action is less than the specified
minimum

81
 for all load cases.

INPUT DESIGN ACTIONS

Beam 1: Moment, Mu . . . . . . . 85,0 kN.m
Shear, Vu . . . . . . . 50,0 kN
Axial, Pu . . . . . . . 0,0 kN
Column: Shear, Vuc . . . . . . . 0,0 kN
Compression, Puc . . . . 0,0 kN

SECTION ANALYSIS RESULT

Simplified analysis:
Beam 1... Puft = 327,2t Pufc = 327,2c
Puwt = 0,0 Puwc = 0,0
Muw = 0,00
Vuw = 50,0
Elastic analysis:
Beam 1... Puft = 278,8t Pufc = 278,8c
Puwt = 0,0 Puwc = 0,0
Muw = 12,6
Vuw = 50,0
Plastic analysis:
Beam 1... Puft = 262,7t Pufc = 262,7c
Puwt = 0,0 Puwc = 0,0
Muw = 16,7
Vuw = 50,0

NOTE: Simplified analysis results used.

BOLT ARRANGEMENT
6-Bolt 2/4 Extended End Plate
Connection checked for tension at top flange.

Using AISC/ASI model...

Ref. 18: Steel Design Guide 16 (SDG16)

Flush and Extended Multiple Row Moment End Plate Connections
T.M. Murray & W.L. Shoemaker - AISC - 2002
Ref. 19: Steel Design Guide 4 (SDG4)

82
 Extended End Plate Moment Connections - Seismic and Wind
Applications
T.M. Murray & E.A. Sumner - AISC - 2004
Ref. 43: Design Guide 12 - Bolted End Plate to Column Moment
Connections (DG12)
T.J. Hogan & N. van der Kreek - ASI - 2009

GEOMETRY CHECKS...
CHECK 1 - Detailing Requirements:
Bolt UTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 800 Yes
End plate width, bi . . . . . . . 180 148 Yes
180 186 Yes
180 285 Yes
NOTE: Clearances should be checked in virtual reality view.

DESIGN STRENGTH CHECKS...

Utilization ratio
Required strength
Design strength Reference

Section Bending/Axial:
Flange tension yield strength . . . . . . . 340,8 Puft = 262,7 77%
Pass Manual p.53
Flange tension rupture strength . . . . . . 444,1 Puft = 262,7 59%
Pass
Flange compression strength . . . . . . . . 340,8 Puft = 262,7 77%
Pass

CHECK 2 - Flange Welds:

Flange width . . . . . . . . . . 135 mm
Total fillet weld length . . . . 263 mm SDG4
p.38
For 6 FW/560MPa both sides...
NOTE: Using 50% directional strength increase. A360
(J2-5)
Fillet weld strength . . . . . . 1,604 kN/mm
Flange fillet weld tension strength . . . . 422,4 Puft = 327,2 77%
Pass

83
Flange fillet weld compression strength . . 422,4 Pufc = 327,2 77%
Pass

CHECK 3 - Web Welds:

Web shear force . . . . . . . . . 50,0 kN
Web axial force . . . . . . . . . 0,0 kN
Web bending moment . . . . . . . 0,00 kN.m
Length of web weld . . . . . . . 250 mm
NOTE: This check uses method from AISC SDG 16 (Ref. 18).
Length for shear resistance . . . 125 mm
For 4 FW/560MPa both sides...
Web fillet weld shear strength (2 sides) . 177,9 Vu = 50,0 28%
Pass
End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
Section moment strength . . . . . 119,8 kN.m
Beam moment utilization ratio . . 71%
Beam web axial strength . . . . . 1,633 kN/mm
_ Web weld design force . . . . . 1,159 kN/mm
NOTE: Using 50% directional strength increase. A360
(J2-5)
Fillet weld strength . . . . . . 1,069 kN/mm
Web fillet weld axial strength (2 sides) . 2,138 puw = 1,159 54%
Pass

CHECK 4 - Bolts at Tension Flange:

Single bolt tension strength . . 146,1 kN A360-
T:J3.2
No. bolts effective at flange . . 6
Sum of bolt lever arms . . . . . 645 mm
End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
Tension bolt moment strength, Mnp . . . . 188,4 Mueq = 85,0
45% Pass

CHECK 5 - Bolts in Shear:

Total shear resisted by bolts . . 50,0 kN
Single bolt shear strength . . . 87,7 kN A360-
T:J3.2
No. bolts effective in shear . . 2

84
Bolt shear strength, Rn . . . . . . . . . 175,3 Vb = 50,0 29% Pass
SDG4 (3.17)
End plate bolt bearing strength, Rn . . . 464,4 Vb = 50,0 11%
Pass SDG4 (3.18)

CHECK 6 - End Plate in Bending:

End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
Yield line parameter, Yp . . . . 1777 mm
End plate yield strength, Mpl . . . . . . 99,0 Mueq = 85,0 86%
Pass
Bolt moment strength, Mbt . . . 188,4 kN.m
_ No prying strength, Mmin . . . 209,1 kN.m
_ End plate no prying thickness . 22 mm SDG4
(3.10)
Is plate strong enough for no prying? . . . 99,0 209,1 No
_ Bolt prying does occur.
Single bolt tension strength . . 146,1 kN A360-
T:J3.2
Specified minimum tension . . . . 0,0 kN
Assumed tension, Tb . . . . . . . 68,2 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt max. prying force, Qmax,i . 26,8 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt max. prying force, Qmax,o . 26,8 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt rupture strength (prying) . . . . . . 143,8 Mueq = 85,0 59%
Pass
Prying factor . . . . . . . . . . 0,22 Informative
Bolt efficiency . . . . . . . . . 76% Informative

CHECK 7 - End Plate in Shear:

Horiz. shear . . . . . . . . . . 109,1 kN
Horiz. shear yield strength, Rn . . . . . 445,5 Vuh = 109,1 24%
Pass SDG4 (3.12)
Horiz. shear rupture strength, Rn . . . . 383,1 Vuh = 109,1 28%
Pass SDG4 (3.13)

CHECK 8 - End Plate Stiffener:

No stiffener.

85
CHECK 9 - End Plate Stiffener Welds:
No stiffener.

COLUMN-SIDE CHECKS...
Ref. 19: Steel Design Guide 4 (SDG4)
Extended End Plate Moment Connections - Seismic and Wind
Applications
T.M. Murray & E.A. Sumner - AISC - 2004

CHECK 10/16 - Unstiffened Column Flange Bending at Beam Tension

Flange:
NOTE: This capacity is required for checking stiffeners.
Using method from AISC SDG 4 (Ref.19)...
End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
Yield line parameter, Yc . . . . 2489 mm
Col. flange no prying thickness . 18 mm SDG4
(3.20)
Column flange strength . . . . . 96,3 kN.m
Equivalent flange force, Rn . . 370,5 kN SDG4
(3.22)
End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
No prying strength, Mmin . . . . 209,1 kN.m
Unstiffened col. flange strength, Mcf . . 96,3 Mueq = 85,0 88%
Pass Informative
_ Tension flange stiffeners may not be required.

CHECK 11 - Unstiffened Column Web Yielding at Beam Tension Flange:

NOTE: This capacity is required for checking stiffeners.
Unstiffened col. web yield strength, Rn . 559,4 Puft = 327,2 58%
Pass Informative
_ Tension flange stiffeners may not be required.

CHECK 12 - Unstiffened Column Web Yielding at Beam Compression

Flange:
NOTE: This capacity is required for checking stiffeners.
Unstiffened col. web yield strength, Rn . 559,4 Pufc = 327,2
58% Pass Informative
_ Compression flange stiffeners may not be required.

86
CHECK 13 - Unstiffened Column Web Crippling at Beam Compression
Flange:
NOTE: This check not required with compression flange stiffeners.
Column web crippling strength, Rn . . . . 417,1 Pufc = 327,2 78%
Pass Informative
_ Compression flange stiffeners may not be required.

CHECK 14 - Unstiffened Column Web Buckling at Beam Compression

Flange:
NOTE: This check not required with compression flange stiffeners.
Column web buckling strength, Rn . . . . . 381,8 Pufc = 327,2
86% Pass Informative
_ Compression flange stiffeners may not be required.

CHECK 15/21 - Unstiffened Column Web Panel in Shear:

Web doubler thickness . . . . . . 8 8 Yes
Total web doubler thickness . . . 8 mm
Column nominal axial capacity, Py 2776,4 kN Note
4
Ratio Pu/Py . . . . . . . . . . . 0,00
Column web panel shear . . . . . 327,2 kN
Column web panel shear strength, Rv . . . 488,7 Vup = 327,2
67% Pass SDG13 2.2-1

CHECK 22 - Transverse Stiffeners at Beam Tension Flange:

Stiffener width . . . . . . . . . 120 64 Yes
120 126 Yes
Stiffener effective width . . . . 105 mm
Stiffener thickness . . . . . . . 6,0 5,1 Yes
Column flange strength, Rft . . 370,5 kN
Column web yield strength, Rwt . 559,4 kN
_ Unstiffened column strength . . 370,5 kN
Flange tension . . . . . . . . . 327,2 kN
_ Check of stiffeners not required.

CHECK 22A - Stiffened Column Flange Bending at Beam Tension

Flange:
Using method from AISC SDG 4 (Ref.19)...

87
Yield line parameter, Ycs . . . . 3637 mm
Col. flange no prying thickness . 15 mm SDG4
(3.20)
Column flange strength . . . . . 140,6 kN.m
End plate design moment, Mueq . . 85,0 kN.m
Stiffened col. flange strength, Mcts . . . 140,6 Mueq = 85,0 60%
Pass
No prying strength, Mmin . . . . 209,1 kN.m
Is col. flange strong enough for no prying? 140,6 209,1 No
_ Bolt prying does occur.
Single bolt tension strength . . 146,1 kN A360-
T:J3.2
Specified minimum tension . . . . 0,0 kN
Assumed tension, Tb . . . . . . . 68,2 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt max. prying force, Qmax,i . 33,9 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt max. prying force, Qmax,o . 33,9 kN SDG16
p.31
Bolt rupture strength (prying) . . . . . . 138,2 Mueq = 85,0 61%
Pass
Prying factor . . . . . . . . . . 0,30 Informative
Bolt efficiency . . . . . . . . . 73% Informative

CHECK 23 - Transverse Stiffeners at Beam Compression Flange:

Stiffener width . . . . . . . . . 120 64 Yes
120 126 Yes
Stiffener thickness . . . . . . . 6,0 5,1 Yes
Stiffener side weld . . . . . . . 195 175 Yes
Column web yield strength . . . . 559,4 kN
Column web crippling strength . . 417,1 kN
Column web buckling strength . . 381,8 kN
_ Unstiffened column strength . . 381,8 kN
Flange compression . . . . . . . 327,2 kN
_ Check of stiffeners not required.

CHECK 24 - Diagonal Shear Stiffeners:

No diagonal shear stiffeners.

88
NOTES:
1. Flexural yield capacity ignoring section slenderness.
4. Compression yield capacity of section ignoring slenderness.

CRITICAL LIMIT STATE . . . End plate yield strength, Mpl

UTILIZATION RATIO . . . . 86%
STRENGTH RATIO . . . . . . 1,164 Pass

-
:

150 (N/m2)

45,2 (N/m)

400 (N/m2)

6 ()

() 5 (m)

2 (m)

89
Sd 1.666 (N/m) (Ultimate Limit State)

Sd y & x
, :

Sd(y) 1.657 (N/m)

Sd(x) 174 (N/m)

d(y)27.197 (N*cm)

d(x)517.782 (N*cm)

Z 155-2.0

C 320: fy 32.000 (N/cm2)

E 21.000.000 (N/cm2)

Wx(cm3) Wy(cm3) Ix(cm4) Iy(cm4)

27,68 6,84 210,92 41,18

90
r(y) 218.880 (N*cm) :

0,709
r(x) 885.760 (N*cm)

: OK

S 1.190,40 (N/m) (Serviceability Limit State)

max 2,19 (cm)

3,33 (cm)

: OK

- :

(N/m2)

91
 45,7 (N/m)

800 (N/m2)

() 5 (m)

1,7 (m)

,
:

Sd(x) 2.040 (N/m) (Ultimate Limit State)

,
:

d(x)637.500 (N*cm)

C 155-2.0

C 320: fy 32.000 (N/cm2)

E 21.000.000 (N/cm2)

Wx(cm3) Wy(cm3) Ix(cm4) Iy(cm4)

27,61 6,64 214 25,09

92
H
:

r(x) 883.520 (N*cm) :

0,722

: OK

S 1.360,00 (N/m) (Serviceability Limit State)

max 2,46 (cm)

3,33 (cm)

: OK

93