ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ
ⴰⵏⵙⵓⴼ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ
|
ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ: 45 |
|
ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ● ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵣⵡⵔⵏ ● ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ● ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ● Read in English | |
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ
ⵊⵉⵔⵓⵍⴰⵎⵓ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⴰⵏⵓ (ⵙ ⵜⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ: Gerolamo Cardano) (24 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1501 - 21 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1576) ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴰⵡⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⴼⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⴼ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵊⵊⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵛⵏⵜⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⵊⵊⴰⵢ, ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 200 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵊⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ; ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ... ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵅⴰⵜⵔ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵙⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ "probability" ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ "coefficients binomiaux" ⴷ "theorem binomial" ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵡⵉⴷ (typhoid). ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵏⴰⴼ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⴰⵏ ⴳⵔⵉⵍⵍ (Cardan grill), ⵜⴰⵇⵛⵓⵛⵜ ⵏ "Pagenaudier" ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⴳⵍ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵙⴰ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵊⵉⴱⵔ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴼⵔⵔⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ "ⴽⵡⴰⵔⵜⵉⴽ" ⴷ "ⴽⵓⴱⵉⴽ".
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵚⴱⵃⴰⵏ
ⴰⵏⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: Cuprum) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ Cu, ⴱⵓ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ 29. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵍⵡⴰⵖ, ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ. ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵉⵣⵣⴼⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵍⵜⵛⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵣⵡⴰⵡⴰⵖ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵕⵥⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ (ⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵏ). ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 8000 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ.
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵡⵓⵔⴽⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵍⵍⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵕⵓⵏⵥ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴱⵕⵓⵏⵥⵉ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ, ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵇⵓⴱⵕⵓⵚ, ⴷⴰ ⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ. ⴰⵙⵙⴰ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰⵢ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴳⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵕⵓⵏⵥ.
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ
ⵄⴱⴷⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱ ⵏⵖ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱ (31 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1919 - 14 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2017), ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ, ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴰⵎⵏⴳⴰⵍ, ⴰⵏⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ/ⴼⴰⵣⴰⵣ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⵄⴰⵍⴰⵎ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ, ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⵓⵕⴷⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ 31 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1919. ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1932. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1937, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ (ⴼⵓⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ) ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1940 ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1944 (ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ).
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ
ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ: ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ; ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵟⵟⵓ", ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵢⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ (ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993), ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993 ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⴽⴰ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ", ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ.
_21.jpg)
ⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ?
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "encyclopedia". ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 7 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⴳ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⴳ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
- ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⵀⵀⴰⴱ ⴷⴷⴽⴽⴰⵍⵉ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 85 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ.
Frameless - ⴰⵔⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⵜⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ "ⵉⵎ ⴼⵉ ⵀⵓⵏⴷⵢⵓ" ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵣⵣⴻⵣ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ (ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵜ).
- ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵓ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷⴰⵏⵉ ⴽⴰⵔⴼⴰⵅⴰⵍ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⵔ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 27 ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⴷⴳ 23 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ.
- ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵓ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵏⵔ, ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⵙⵉ ⵉⵏ ⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 87 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ.
- ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ" ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.
ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵕ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⴰⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵍ" ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⴰⵏⵔⵖⵉ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⴽⵍⵉⵢⵓⴱⴰⵟⵔⴰ" ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵥⵉⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ 19 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ 16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵕⵉⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏ) ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ 20% ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ, ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ; ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴷⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴳⵔ 50% ⴰⵔ 80% ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ?
- ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⴱⵍⵓⵜⵓ (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 16.7 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 17.1 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²)?
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
 |
| ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏⵙⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: Massinissa) ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ 100-200 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ. ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ. ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵏⵉⵇⵜ. |
ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
| ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴷ: ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓ ⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ: ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓ ⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ: ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵔⴰ ⵓⵛⴼⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ. |
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 12 230 ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ (ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵀⵓ, ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⵔ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ.
ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
ⴰⵍⴰⵏⴳⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴱⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵙⵔ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⴰⵎⵏⵣ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵜⵏ
ⵎⵉⵜⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵢⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵢⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ
