Lompat ke isi

Daftar mineral

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Mineral adalah unsur atau senyawa anorganik padat yang memiliki susunan atom teratur (periodik) dan komposisi kimia tertentu yang menghasilkan sifat fisik yang khas. Pada tahun 1995 definisi mineral diperketat oleh Asosiasi Mineralogi Internasional (IMA) yang menambahkan syarat bahwa mineral harus terbentuk melalui proses geologi alami, bukan melalui proses biologis atau sintesis buatan manusia.

Material kristalin yang dihasilkan oleh organisme hidup atau yang terbentuk di laboratorium tidak diakui sebagai mineral baru. Secara kimiawi mineral kristalin yang memiliki kemiripan dengan mineral alami seperti merkuri yang berwujud cair sementara air sendiri tidak dianggap mineral karena wujud cairnya dan berbeda dengan es atau gletser yang berstruktur kristal yang diakui sebagai mineral.

Di sisi lain definisi mineral dalam naturalistik historis yang lebih luas, yang mendefinisikan mineral sebagai segala material anorganik alami yang menjadi bagian dari kerajaan mineral anonim dari kerajaan hewan dan tumbuhan tanpa terlalu menekankan struktur kristal atau asal-usul genetiknya.[1]

A

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz
Image
Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite
Image
Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase
Image
Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
Image
Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals
Image
Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico
Image
Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia
Image
Azurite, Burra Mine, South Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

B

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Baryte (included by malachite) on malachite, from Shangulowé Mine, Kambove, Central area, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
Image
Spiky calcite scalenohedra with a coating of whitish benstonite on a layer of teal-colored fluorite
Image
Thin tabular biotite cluster
Image
Brookite from Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

C

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Radiating spray of colorless wheatsheaf calcite crystals on matrix, from Iraí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Image
Rhombohedrons of calcite that appear almost as books of petals, piled up 3-dimensionally on the matrix, from Eastern Europe
Image
Sky blue, prismatic crystals of celestine from Majunga, Madagascar
Image
Pocket cavity of small chrysocolla stalactites from Ray Mine, Scott Mountain area, Mineral Creek District, Arizona, USA
Image
Cinnabar on dolomite
Image
Cubic Cobaltite, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
Varieties that are not valid species:

D

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral
Image
Dioptase from Tsumeb, Namibia
Varieties that are not valid species:

E

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Emerald on quartz, from Carnaiba Mine, Pindobaçu, Campo Formoso ultramafic complex, Bahia, Brazil
Image
Epidote crystals on matrix mined in Katsna Yama, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Varieties that are not valid species:

F

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Translucent fluorapophyllit-(K) crystal and stilbite, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Image
Deep green isolated fluorite crystal showing cubic and octahedral faces, set upon a micaceous matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

G

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Garnet
Image
Gold vein stockwork in limonite, from Gold Flake Vein, Farncomb Hill, Breckenridge Mining District, Summit County, Colorado, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

H

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Brazilian trigonal hematite crystals
Image
Heulandite and Celadonite, Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India
Image
Hübnerite and quartz
Varieties that are not valid species:

I

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Inyoite from Monte Azul deposit, Sijes, Salta, Argentina
Varieties that are not valid species:
  • Idocrase (synonym of vesuvianite)
  • Iolite (a gem-quality variety of cordierite)

J

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Benitoite (blue), joaquinite-(Ce) (brown) and neptunite (dark red) on natrolite (white), from Dallas Gem Mine area, San Benito River headwaters area, New Idria District, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

K

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Kainosite-(Y) from the Amphibolite quarry, Haslach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Image
Kröhnkite from Cuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

L

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Langite from Alsace, France
Image
Legrandite on limonite
Image
Liddicoatite on quartz and feldspar
Varieties that are not valid species:

M

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Magnetite from Speen Ghar, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Image
Manganite from Ilfeld, Thuringia, Germany
Image
Mesolite at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Image
Mimetite on limonite matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

N

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Needles of natrolite on deep pink inesite
Image
Neptunite from California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

O

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Boulder opal, Carisbrooke Station near Winton, Queensland, Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

P

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
A native Platinum nugget from the Kondyor mine, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia.
Image
Pectolite from Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, USA
Image
Phosphophyllite from Cerro de Potosí, Potosí Department, Bolivia
Image
Proustite from Chanarcillo, Copiapo Province, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

Q

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Quartz

R

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Crystals of cherry red ruby in matrix
Image
Rock crystal
Varieties that are not valid species:

S

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Native silver on Acanthite, Imiter Mine, Ouarzazate Province, Morocco
Image
Gypsum (selenite variety): Santa Eulalia District, Chihuahua, Mexico
Image
Serandite clusters from Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
Image
Botryoidal balls of shattuckite, from Otjikotu, Kaokoveld, Kunene, Namibia
Image
Ball of stepped stannite crystals flanked by splaying GEM quartzes and golden chalcopyrite at its upper edge, from Yaogangxian Mine, Yizhang County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China
Varieties that are not valid species:

T

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Crystal of titanite with adularia and minor clinochlore on matrix
Image
Fluorite crystal sitting beside a glassy, dark green tourmaline crystal, which itself sits atop a green tourmaline of a lighter color. All sit on a bed of sparkly, bladed stark white albite
Image
Turquoise from the Copper Cities Mine, near Miami, Arizona, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

U

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Uranophane, Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo. FOV: 6 mm

V

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Vanadinite from the Mibladen Mining District, Morocco

W

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Deep green balls of wavellite in exposed pocket, from Mauldin Mountain Quarries, Montgomery County, Arkansas, USA

X

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Radial fibrous inesite and xonotlite from Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Y

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Yugawaralite crystals in a sheltered vug, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Varieties that are not valid species:

Z

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Image
Zeolite with heulandite on quartz
Image
Zircon from Gilgit, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ↑ Mehl, Jr, James P; Jackson, Julia A (2005). Neuendorf, Klaus K.E (ed.). Glossary of Geologi. American Geological Institute.
  2. ↑ Anthony, J.W.; Bideaux, R.A.; Bladh, K.W.; Nichols, M.C., ed. (19 March 2021). "Ice" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2024.
  3. ↑ Pasero, Marco; et al. (July 2024). "IMA List of Minerals". IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2024. Diakses tanggal 19 July 2024.

Lihat pula

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daftar_mineral&oldid=29021513"