What is a GRE tunnel? It wraps packets and sends them across networks like a virtual link. Useful for connecting sites or routing traffic privately. Under the hood, it’s simple but powerful. Read more: https://xt.om/HrUc
Understanding GRE Tunnels for Secure Network Routing
This title was summarized by AI from the post below.
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LAN is one of the types of network as i learned before, while getting this LAN badge on TryHackMe. I learned that there has been experimentation and implementation of different network design, in networking this different network design is called TOPOLOPGY. Example of this topologies are: 1. Star topology: This type of network design is one that devices are individually connected via a central networking device such as a switch or hub. Star topology is the most used network design today because of it's reliability and scalability even though it's costly. 2. Ring Topology: This type of network design is when devices are connected directly to each other to form a loop. Cabling are required in this connection and there is less dependence on dedicated hardware such as within a star topology. 3. Bus Topology: This type of topology, connection relies upon a single connection which is known as a backbone cable. Bus topologies are one of the easier and more cost-efficient topologies to set up because of their less expenses. Some of the networking components use on LAN are 1. Switch: Switches are devoted devices within a network that are designed to connect multiple other devices or any other networking-capable device using ethernet. Devices that can connected together with a switch are computers, printers etc. These devices are plugged into a switch's port, a switch can have ports of 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 64 for devices to plug into. Switches are usually found in larger networks such as businesses, schools, or similar-sized networks, where there are many devices to connect to the network. Both Switches and Routers can be connected to one another, it makes the connection reliable. If one path goes down, another can be used. 2. Router: Router is a device that connect networks and pass data between them. The process of data travelling across networks is called routing. Routing involves creating a path between networks so that this data can be successfully delivered. Routing is useful when devices are connected by many paths. DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL(DHCP) I also learned about IP addresses can be assigned either manually, by entering them physically into a device, or automatically and most commonly by using a DHCP server. ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL(ARP) Also on this modules i learned that Address Resolution Protocol or ARP for short, is the technology that is responsible for allowing devices to identify themselves on a network with their MAC addresses and IP addresses. How does ARP Work? Each device within a network has a ledger to store information on, which is called a cache. In the context of ARP, this cache stores the identifiers of other devices on the network. SUBNETTING Little was touched on subnetting, splitting networks into smaller networks withing itself is called subnetting. And Subnetting is achieved by splitting up the number of hosts that can fit within the network, represented by a number called a subnet mask.
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Routing loops on the Internet are a well-known issue – but rarely identified in a way that drives action. A recent RIPE Labs article by Maynard Koch and colleagues does exactly that: it discusses how their measurements reveal a common source of IPv6 routing loops in today’s networks, and further how a simple configuration change can significantly reduce them. If you operate a network today carrying IPv6 – particularly one carrying customer’s “provider-independent” issued prefixes – then the attached article is definitely worth a read: https://lnkd.in/e7eZcw7P
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A nice article about an almost silly routing misconfiguration and the large damage it can cause; thanks to John Curran for sharing, and kudos to the team finding it - Maynard Koch, Florian Dolzmann, THOMAS C. Schmidt and Matthias Wählisch. Here's a link to the description by Maynard: https://lnkd.in/ea33HvUR. Nice work!
Routing loops on the Internet are a well-known issue – but rarely identified in a way that drives action. A recent RIPE Labs article by Maynard Koch and colleagues does exactly that: it discusses how their measurements reveal a common source of IPv6 routing loops in today’s networks, and further how a simple configuration change can significantly reduce them. If you operate a network today carrying IPv6 – particularly one carrying customer’s “provider-independent” issued prefixes – then the attached article is definitely worth a read: https://lnkd.in/e7eZcw7P
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Your network is only invisible until it isn't. We wrote a plain-language breakdown of what network engineering actually involves and why the businesses that invest in it stop having the conversations about why things are slow, unreliable, or hard to diagnose. Curious what that looks like for your environment? Let's talk. 🔗 https://lnkd.in/e6K8vH-Y https://bit.ly/4lP9QDs
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For single flows, correct. But in a web server to many clients, that’s where load balancing shines. Many to one, vs one to one.
Freelance Senior Network Architect (CCDE) | Lyon / Remote | WAN, MPLS, SD-WAN, EVPN, Automation
Dangerous assumptions in networking #3: Multiple links are always better It is easy to assume that two Internet links will make a transfer faster than one. More bandwidth should mean more performance. Now, imagine a router using two upstream links and sending packets from the same TCP flow across both paths. At first glance, this looks efficient. Both links are active, both carry traffic, and the transfer appears to use more of the available capacity. Now consider what happens on the receiver side. Packet #1 arrives first, so everything is normal. The receiver acknowledges it and waits for packet #2. But packet #2 takes the other path and is delayed, since ISP2 has a higher latency than ISP1. In the meantime, packet #3 arrives. The receiver now has a gap in the byte stream. It has already received later data, but it is still missing the data carried by packet #2. So it cannot move its cumulative acknowledgment forward. Instead, it keeps sending the same ACK again, still indicating that packet #2 has not been received. From the sender side, these repeated ACKs look exactly like a sign of packet loss. The sender assumes the network is congested. To protect the network, it begins to reduce its TCP transmission window. The result? The sender slows down the transfer rate, even though the bandwidth is available and no packets were actually lost. The transfer crawls simply because the packets arrived out of order. That is why most routers prefer per-flow load balancing instead of per-packet load balancing. It keeps all packets from the same session on the same path and preserves packet order within each flow. Multiple links are necesssary for resilience and for increasing total capacity across many simultaneous sessions. They just do not automatically make a single transfer faster.
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Dangerous assumptions in networking #3: Multiple links are always better It is easy to assume that two Internet links will make a transfer faster than one. More bandwidth should mean more performance. Now, imagine a router using two upstream links and sending packets from the same TCP flow across both paths. At first glance, this looks efficient. Both links are active, both carry traffic, and the transfer appears to use more of the available capacity. Now consider what happens on the receiver side. Packet #1 arrives first, so everything is normal. The receiver acknowledges it and waits for packet #2. But packet #2 takes the other path and is delayed, since ISP2 has a higher latency than ISP1. In the meantime, packet #3 arrives. The receiver now has a gap in the byte stream. It has already received later data, but it is still missing the data carried by packet #2. So it cannot move its cumulative acknowledgment forward. Instead, it keeps sending the same ACK again, still indicating that packet #2 has not been received. From the sender side, these repeated ACKs look exactly like a sign of packet loss. The sender assumes the network is congested. To protect the network, it begins to reduce its TCP transmission window. The result? The sender slows down the transfer rate, even though the bandwidth is available and no packets were actually lost. The transfer crawls simply because the packets arrived out of order. That is why most routers prefer per-flow load balancing instead of per-packet load balancing. It keeps all packets from the same session on the same path and preserves packet order within each flow. Multiple links are necesssary for resilience and for increasing total capacity across many simultaneous sessions. They just do not automatically make a single transfer faster.
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