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Copiapoa

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Copiapoa
Image
Copiapoa longistaminea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Notocacteae
Genus: Copiapoa
Britton & Rose
Type species
Copiapoa marginata 

Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile.

Description

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Copiapoa comprises 32 morphologically defined species and five heterotypic subspecies.[1] The species in this genus form dense cushions of hundreds of large, individual plants or produce only solitary plants. The shoots are spherical or elongated cylindrical. The spines, which are usually present, are variably shaped. On the apex, the species are usually densely woolly-haired. The ribs are clearly developed. These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green bodies. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers, which grow from woolly crowns on the apex in summer. They are bell- to funnel-shaped and open during the day. The short, circular pericarp is glabrous. The flower tube is short and broad. The small, smooth fruits contain large, shiny, black seeds.[2]

Taxonomy

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Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.

Species

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As of September 2026, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species.[3] In the list, they have been separated into sections.[4][5]

SubgenusImageScientific nameDistribution
Pilocopiapoa (F.Ritter) Doweld—Ritter ImageCopiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & LarridonChile (Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa laui DiersChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Mammillopoa Helmut Walter & Larridon ImageCopiapoa humilis (Phil.) HutchisonChile (Antofagasta).
Copiapoa sect. Cinerei ImageCopiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.CharlesChile (W. & SW. Antofagasta).
ImageCopiapoa gigantea Backeb.Chile (Antofagasta to N. Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & RoseChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
Copiapoa sect. Copiapoa ImageCopiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & MächlerChile (SW. Antofagasta)
ImageCopiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut WalterChile (SW. Antofagasta)
ImageCopiapoa atacamensis Middled.Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa calderana F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.CharlesChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa desertorum F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa esmeraldana F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa grandiflora F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa hypogaea F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa longispina F.RitterChile (Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa longistaminea F.RitterChile.
ImageCopiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Atacama to NW. Coquimbo)
ImageCopiapoa megarhiza Britton & RoseChile (Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa mollicula F.RitterChile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo).
ImageCopiapoa montana F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta)
ImageCopiapoa rupestris F.RitterChile (Antofagasta).
Copiapoa saxifraga Blando & Pumarino Chile (Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa serpentisulcata F.RitterChile (SW. Antofaga to NW. Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) LooserChile (SW. Antofagasta).
Echinopoa Doweld ImageCopiapoa algarrobensis Katt.Chile (Atacama)
Copiapoa armata (F.Ritter) Helmut Walter & Larridon Chile (N Coquimbo)
ImageCopiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Antofagasta to Coquimbo)
Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama)
ImageCopiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo).
ImageCopiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Coquimbo)
Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).
ImageCopiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.Chile (Atacama)
Copiapoa pendulina F.RitterChile (Coquimbo)
Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).
Incertae Sedis Copiapoa hoffmanniana Blando & Pumarino Chile (Atacama)

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
  2. ↑ Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
  3. ↑ "Copiapoa Britton & Rose - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  4. ↑ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa (Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9). Wiley: 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26373974.
  5. ↑ Kattermann, F (2018). "Molecular Study of the Genus Copiapoa (Cactaceae) Part I". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 90 (94): 284–294. doi:10.2985/015.090.0408 (inactive 11 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
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