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List of ring galaxies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of ring galaxies. A ring galaxy, as the name suggests, is a disc or spiral galaxy with its galactic disc structured or distorted into a ring or torus-like appearance. Hoag's Object, discovered by Art Hoag in 1950, is the prototypical example of a ring galaxy.

Formation theories

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Ring galaxies are theorized to be formed in various possible ways:

  1. Bar instability: this occurs when the rotational velocity of the bar in a barred spiral galaxy increases to the point of spiral spin-out. Under typical conditions, gravitational density waves would favor the creation of spiral arms. When bar instability occurs, these density waves are instead forced out into a ring-structure by the pressure, force, and gravitational influence of the baryronic and dark matter furiously orbiting rapidly around the bar. This migration forces the stars, gas and dust found within the former arms into a torus-like region, forming a ring, and often igniting star formation.
  2. Galactic collisions: another process by which ring galaxies are observed to form is by the collision of two or more galaxies. The Cartwheel Galaxy, galaxy pair AM 2026-424, and Arp 147 are all examples of ring galaxies believed to have been formed from this process. In pass-through galactic collisions, an (often smaller) galaxy will pass through the disc of another spiral, causing an outward push of the arms, as if dropping a rock into a pond of still water. In sideswipe and head-on collisions, the emergence of a perfect ring is less likely, with chaotic and warped appearances dominating.
  3. Intergalactic medium accretion: this method has been inferred through the existence of Hoag's object, along with UV observations of several other large and ultra-large super spiral galaxies and current formation theories of spiral galaxies. UV-light observations show several cases of faint, ring-like and spiral structures of hot young stars that have formed along the network of cooled inflowing gas, extending far from the visible luminous galactic disc. If conditions are favorable, a ring can form in the place of a spiral structure. Since some spiral galaxies are theorized to have formed from massive clouds of intergalactic gas collapsing and then rotationally forming into a disc structure, one could assume that a ring disc could form in place of a spiral disc if, as mentioned before, conditions are favorable. This holds true for protogalaxies, or galaxies just thought to be forming, and old galaxies that have migrated into a section of space with a higher gas content than their previous locations.[citation needed]

List

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Name Image Catalogue number Distance Notes
Cartwheel Galaxy Image ESO 350-40, PGC 2248 500 Mly lenticular galaxy
Hoag's Object Image PGC 54559, PRC D-51 600 Mly
SDSS J151713.93+213516.8 Image This galaxy can be seen behind Hoag's Object
AM 0644-741 Image AM 0644-741 300 Mly
Kathryn's Wheel Image ESO 179-13 30 Mly collisional ring galaxy, possibly the closest[1]
II Hz 4 Image 617.3 ± 43.2 Mly
NGC 660 Image 45 Mly polar ring galaxy
NGC 922 Image ESO 478-28, ISG 10 150 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 985 Image VV 285, Mrk 1048, MCG -02-07-035, PGC 9817 567 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 1015 Image 118 Mly
NGC 1142 Image NGC 1144, UGC 2389, Arp 118, VV 331a, Mrk 1504, CGCG 389-046, MCG +00-08-048, PGC 11012 375 Mly Seyfert galaxy
NGC 1291 Image NGC 1291, NGC 1269,[2] PGC 012209 33 Mly
NGC 1350 Image PGC 013059 87.4 Mly spiral galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1386 Image PGC 13333 53 Mly spiral galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1387 Image PGC 13344 53 Mly lenticular galaxy with nuclear ring
NGC 1433 Image PGC 13586 49 Mly barred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 1533 Image NGC 1533, PGC 14582[3] 62 ± 4 Mly [4] lenticular galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1512 Image PGC 14391 38 Mly Galaxy exhibits a double-ring structure
NGC 2859 Image UGC 5001, PGC 26649 82.8 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure[5]
NGC 3081 Image IC 2529, ESO 499-G31, AM 0957-223, MCG -04-24-012, PGC 28876 83 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 3821 Image CGCG 127-32, MCG 4-28-30, PGC 36314, UGC 6663 271 Mly low surface brightness galaxy
NGC 4138 Image LEDA 38643, UGC 7139 52 Mly
NGC 4245 Image UGC 7328, MCG +05-29-049, PGC 39437 37 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure
NGC 4262 Image 50 Mly
NGC 4513 Image CGCG 315-42, MCG 11-15-59, PGC 41527, UGC 7683 110 Mly lenticular galaxy
NGC 4622 Image PGC 42701 200 Mly unbarred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 4650A Image PGC 42951 126 Mly polar ring galaxy
NGC 4774[6] Image I Zw 045 413 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 4777 Image NGC 4777, PGC 43852 180 Mly
NGC 4909 Image PGC 44949, ESO 269-035, MCG -07-27-028 162 Mly
NGC 6028 Image NGC 6028, NGC 6046, PGC 56716 203 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 6861 Image 124 Mly
NGC 7020 Image NGC 7021, ESO 107-13, PGC 66291 138 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 7098 Image ESO 48-5, IRAS 21393-7520, PGC 67266 95 Mly double barred spiral galaxy
NGC 7217 Image UGC 11914, PGC 68096 50 Mly unbarred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 7552 Image IC 5294, ESO 291- G 012, VV 440, PGC 70884 56 Mly barred spiral galaxy
NGC 7742 Image UGC 12760,[2] MCG +02-60-010,[2] UZC J234415.8+104601,[2] 2MASX J23441571+1046015 72 Mly Unbarred spiral galaxy with ring, Seyfert galaxy
ESO 509-098 Image PGC 48609 350 Mly
II Zw 28[7] Image Zw II 28, 2MASX J05014205+0334278 390 Mly
Mayall's Object Image Arp 148, VV 032, MCG+07-23-019, APG 148 450 Mly collisional ring galaxy
VII Zw 466[6] Image VII Zw 466, UGC 07683 637 Mly collisional ring galaxy
Arp-Madore 417-391[8]
Image
 PGC 14881 670 Mly collisional ring galaxy
LEDA 3094761 Image 938 Mly Emission-line galaxy
UGC 4599 Image 91 Mly
UGC 6614
Image
 PGC 36122 322 Mly giant low surface brightness galaxy
UGC 7069
Image
 PGC 38254, MCG +07-25-017 708 Mly Largest ring galaxy[9]
Arp 10[6] Image Arp 10, UGC 01775, 2MASX J02182639+0539139[10] 400 Mly collisional ring galaxy
Arp 146 Image PGC 509 1050 Mly interacting pair
Arp 147 Image IC 298 430 Mly interacting pair
ESO 198-13 Image PGC 9463 237 Mly three ring structures
LEDA 1000714 Image PGC 1000714, 6dFGS gJ112316.4-084007, 2MASX J11231643-0840067 360 Mly two nearly round rings, but with different characteristics
IC 2628 Image PGC 34038, CGCG 067-030 601 Mly
IC 5285
Image
 PGC 70497, UGC 12365 286 Mly
LEDA 1405954[11] Image 2MASX J10064493+1213567 673 ± 47 Mly[12]
LEDA 133622 Image 392 Mly Also a Seyfert 2 galaxy
UGC 3533 Image MCG +09-11-030, LEDA 19578, SWIFT J0645.9+5303 492 Mly Also a Seyfert 2 galaxy
2MASX J09015145+5212411 Image LEDA 2409366 819 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure
2MASS J09015012+5212226 Image 903 Mly Polar ring galaxy, in the lower right side of the image
MCG +07-07-072 Image PGC 12535 320 Mly Barred spiral galaxy with a ring[13]
WISEA J033303.20-275041.5 Image 1790 Mly Discovered in the Hubble Legacy Field
CN AC118 108 Image 3757 Mly
LT 41 Image 2MASX J00075757-0433255 1004 Mly
CFRS 14.0685 Image WISEA J141757.82+523050.1 1153 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip
CFRS 14.0117 Image EGSIRAC J141819.73+523424.4 2613 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip
Z 229-15 Image PGC 62756 390 Mly Also a quasar and a Seyfert galaxy.
LEDA 1313424 Image 567 Mly Collisional ring galaxy, nicknamed the Bullseye.[14]
[BZR2017] J051631.16-542938.9 Image
CANDELS EGS F160W J141952.0+525115.2 Image 9813 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip, its distance calculated with redshift is around 9813 Mly, very faint, very distant
DES J024008.08-551047.5 Image DES J0240 1627 Mly Its rings have a distinct coloration then the main host galaxy[15]
2MASX J07273754-0254540 Image 2MASX J07273754-0254540, PSCz Q07251-0248, IRAS 07251-0248 1207 Mly interacting pair
2MASS J01074878+5406541
Image
 1446 Mly Spiral ring galaxy
WISEA J010752.28+540643.9
Image
 on the right side of the picture, possibly collisional ring galaxy
SDSS J091450.23+085326.2
Image
 1825 Mly
SSTSL2 J182843.93-670006.6 Image Behind IC 4710

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ News Staff (2015-08-17). "Kathryn's Wheel: Astronomers Discover Nearest Collisional Ring Galaxy | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  2. ↑ "NGC 1291". Capella Observatory. 2005. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Results for NGC 1533". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
  4. ↑ Ryan-Weber, Emma; Webster, Rachel; Bekki, Kenji (April 2003). "Galactic Recycling: The HI Ring Around NGC 1533". In Jessica L. Rosenberg; Mary E. Putman (eds.). The IGM/Galaxy Connection. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 281. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 223–228. arXiv:astro-ph/0209321. Bibcode:2003ASSL..281..223R. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0115-1_40. ISBN 1-4020-1289-6. S2CID 16899046.
  5. ↑ "Lenticular Galaxy (NGC 2859)". Calvin College. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 Appleton, P. N.; Struck-Marcell, Curtis (1996). "Collisional Ring Galaxies". Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics. 16: 111–220. Bibcode:1996FCPh...16..111A. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Hubble Gazes on One Ring to Rule Them All". NASA. March 15, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
  8. ↑ information@eso.org. "Hubble Hunts an Unusual Galaxy". www.esahubble.org. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  9. ↑ Ghosh, Kajal K.; Mapelli, Michela (2008-05-01). "UGC 7069: the largest ring galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): L38–L42. arXiv:0802.1270. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386L..38G. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00456.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ↑ "UGC 1775". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  11. ↑ "SIMBAD references". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2025-03-27.
  12. ↑ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-03-27.
  13. ↑ information@eso.org. "Rings and things". www.esahubble.org. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  14. ↑ "Galaxy LEDA 1313424 (Advanced Camera for Surveys Image)". HubbleSite. Retrieved 2025-02-07.
  15. ↑ Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "New ring galaxy discovered by Indian astronomers". phys.org. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
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