Bahasa Prakerta Ardamagadi

Rumpun bahasa
	Indo-Eropa Indo-Iran Indo-Arya Prakerta Ardamagadi; ; ; ; bahasa manusia Indo-Eropa Indo-Iran Indo-Arya Middle-Modern Indo-Aryan (en) Middle Indo-Aryan (en) Bahasa Prakerta Rumpun bahasa Prakerta Dramatis Prakerta Ardamagadi; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

Bahasa Prakerta Ardamagadi
Brahmi: 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑀻
Ardhamagadhi
Ardhamāgadhī
Bahasa Prakerta Ardamagadi Brahmi: 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑀻 Ardhamagadhi; Ardhamāgadhī;
Wilayah	India
Kepunahan	berkembang menjadi rumpun bahasa Hindi Timur
Rumpun bahasa
Rumpun bahasa
	Indo-Eropa Indo-Iran Indo-Arya Prakerta Ardamagadi; ; ; ; bahasa manusia Indo-Eropa Indo-Iran Indo-Arya Middle-Modern Indo-Aryan (en) Middle Indo-Aryan (en) Bahasa Prakerta Rumpun bahasa Prakerta Dramatis Prakerta Ardamagadi; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3	pka
Glottolog	Tidak ada
IETF	pka
Status pemertahanan
Status pemertahanan
	Punah; EXSingkatan dari Extinct (Punah) Terancam; CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis) SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat) DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam) VUSingkatan dari Vulnerable (Rentan) Aman; NESingkatan dari Not Endangered (Tidak terancam) ICHEL Red Book: Extinct Prakerta Ardamagadi diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah punah (EX) pada Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan
	Portal Bahasa
	L • B • PW

Bahasa Prakerta Ardamagadi (Dewanagari: अर्धमागधी; ,IAST: Ardhamāgadhī, अर्धमागधी) adalah sebuah bahasa Indo-Arya Pertengahan dan Prakerta Dramatis yang diduga dituturkan di Bihar^[5] dan Uttar Pradesh modern serta digunakan dalam beberapa drama awal Buddhis dan Jain. Bahasa ini kemungkinan merupakan bahasa Indo-Arya Tengah, terkait dengan Pali dan Prakerta Sauraseni yang kemudian.^[6] Rumpun bahasa Hindi Timur berkembang dari Prakerta Ardamagadi.^[7]

Hubungan dengan bahasa Pali

Tradisi Buddhis Theravāda telah lama meyakini bahwa Pali bersinonim dengan bahasa Magadi, dan terdapat banyak analogi antara Pali dan Ardamāgadhī—secara harfiah berarti 'setengah-Magadi'. Ardamāgadhī digunakan secara luas oleh para cendekiawan Jain^[8] dan terlestarikan dalam teks Āgama Jainisme. Baik Buddha Gotama maupun sang Tirthankara Mahawira membabarkan ajaran mereka di wilayah Magada.

Ardamagadi berbeda dari Magadi-belakangan pada poin-poin yang sama dengan Pali. Misalnya, Ardamagadi mempertahankan [l] historis, tidak seperti Magadi-belakangan, tempat [l] berubah menjadi [r]. Selain itu, dalam infleksi nomina, Ardamagadi menunjukkan akhiran [-o] alih-alih [-e] Prakerta Magadi di banyak posisi metris.

Pali: Dhammapada 103:

Yo sahassaṃ sahassena, saṅgāme mānuse jine;
Ekañca jeyyamattānaṃ, sa ve saṅgāmajuttamo.
Walaupun seseorang dapat menaklukkan ribuan musuh dalam ribuan kali pertempuran, tetapi sesungguhnya penakluk terbesar adalah orang yang dapat menaklukkan dirinya sendiri.

Ardamagadi: Saman Suttam 125:

Jo sahassam sahassanam, samgame dujjae jine.
Egam jinejja appanam, esa se paramo jao.
Seseorang bisa saja menaklukkan ribuan dan ribuan musuh dalam pertempuran yang tak terkalahkan; tetapi kemenangan tertinggi terletak pada penaklukan atas diri sendiri.

Referensi

↑ Saksena, Baburam (1971). Evolution of Awadhi (a Branch of Hindi). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. hlm. 7. ISBN 9788120808553.
↑ Harrison, Selig S. (2015). India: The Most Dangerous Decades. Princeton University Press. hlm. 26. ISBN 9781400877805.
↑ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
↑ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.
↑ "Prakrit".
↑ Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, ed. (2003), "The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan", The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge language family series, London: Routledge, hlm. 46–66, ISBN 0-7007-1130-9
↑ Zograph, G.A. (8 Maret 2023). Languages of South Asia: A guide. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000831658. Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.

Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi". Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central and the Eastern groups of languages. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi
↑ Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 42. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

Pranala luar

Kamus Ardamagadi Bergambar

[1] Saksena, Baburam (1971). Evolution of Awadhi (a Branch of Hindi). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. hlm. 7. ISBN 9788120808553.

[2] Harrison, Selig S. (2015). India: The Most Dangerous Decades. Princeton University Press. hlm. 26. ISBN 9781400877805.

[3] "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

[4] "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.

[5] "Prakrit".

[6] Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, ed. (2003), "The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan", The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge language family series, London: Routledge, hlm. 46–66, ISBN 0-7007-1130-9

[7] Zograph, G.A. (8 Maret 2023). Languages of South Asia: A guide. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000831658. Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.

Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi". Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central and the Eastern groups of languages. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi

[8] Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 42. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

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