Kuria people
 | This article needs more citations. (November 2015) |
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 313,854 (in Kenya)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Tanzania,  Kenya | |
| Languages | |
| Kuria, Swahili and English | |
| Religion | |
| Traditional religions, Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Kisii, Luhya, other Bantu peoples |
The Kuria people (also known as the AbaKuria,[2] are a Bantu community in the Mara Region in Tanzania and southern Kenya. Their homeland is bounded on the east by the Migori River and on the west by the Mara River estuary. Traditionally a pastoral and farming community, the Kuria grow maize, beans and cassava as food crops and coffee and sweet potatoes as cash crops.[3]
Overview
[edit]The homeland of the Kuria is between the Migori River on the east and the Mara River estuary on the west, extending from Migori County in Kenya on the east to Musoma Rural District in Tanzania on the west. On the south, their land borders Transmara district in Kenya and the Nguruimi area of Tanzania. On the north is Lake Victoria, with a small corridor occupied by the Luo and other Bantu people.
The Kuria are found in Kenya and Tanzania. In Kenya, they live in the Kuria East (headquartered in Kegonga) and Kuria West districts (headquartered in Kehancha). In Tanzania, they live in Serengeti and Tarime Districts, Musoma Urban and Rural Districts, and Bunda District. The Kuria have recently settled in Tanzania's Mara Region.
Their neighbours are the Maasai, Kalenjin (the Kipsigis in western Transmara), Ikoma, Luo and Suba. The Kuria are divided into several clans, which live in Kenya and Tanzania. In Kenya, there are four clans: the Abagumbe, Abairege, Abanyabasi and Abakira. Tanzania has 13 (the Abhabhemba, Ababurati, Abakira, Abamera, Simbete, Abanyabasi, Watobori, Abakunta, Wiga, Kaboye, Abakenye, Abagumbe and Wasweta, Abatimbaru), in addition to other minor clans.
The Kuria are traditionally a farming community, primarily planting maize, beans and cassava as food crops. Cash crops include coffee,maize,sweet potatoes and Yams. The Kuria also keep cattle.
Etymology, demographics and history
[edit]The name "Kuria" seems to have been applied to the whole group by early colonial chiefs, mainly to distinguish them from the other Luo peoples along the southern shore of Lake Victoria (who were known as Abasuba). According to major Kuria clan tradition (including the Abanyabasi, Abatimbaru, Abanyamongo, Abakira, Abairege, Abakenye, Abanchaari, and Abagumbe), their ancestor was Mokurya. His descendants migrated from Misiri(Egypt), and after many years of wandering along Lake Victoria they reached present-day Bukurya. According to this tradition, the Kuria have been divided into two families: the Abasai (from Mokurya's elder wife) and the Abachuma, from his younger wife.
In another view of the name's origin, between 1774 and 1858 Kuria people lived on Korea Hill (north of the Mara River in the Musoma district of present-day Tanzania). The region's inhabitants became known as "Korea people" after the hill, which evolved into "Kuria Hill". During the colonial period, the Kenyan Kuria called themselves Abatende (after the Abatende clan in the Bugumbe region); the Tanzanian Kuria continued to be known by their totems. Around the 1950s, the name Kuria gained wide usage. Mijikenda, Abaluyia and Kalenjin also became generally accepted as ethnic names during the 1940s and 1950s, when they sought political recognition from Kenyan colonial authorities.
The Kuria people may not have a common origin, although a number of clans claim to have come from Egypt. Kurian culture is an amalgam of several heterogeneous cultures. Among the Kuria are people who were originally from the Kalenjin-, Maasai-, Bantu- and Luo-speaking communities. Between AD 1400 and 1800, during migrations into Bukurya, the foundation was laid for Kuria cultural and political development. Early inhabitants of Bukurya were Bantu and Nilotic speakers, who brought their distinct cultures; the predominantly agricultural Bantu came into contact with Nilotic pastoralists. This combined agriculture and pastoralism, with nomadic tendencies. Kuria agriculture resembles that of the Abagusii and Luo, and their cattle-keeping has borrowed practices from the Maasai, Zanaki and Nguruimi.
Before the mass mobilization during the Uganda–Tanzania War (1978–1979), though the Kuria were only about 1% of Tanzania's population, they made up over 50% of its soldiers (then-President Julius Nyerere was from that tribe). Following the power and plunder of war, their postwar return to comparatively humble civilian life—heavily armed—led to crime, inter-communal violence, and power shifts. In particular, it exacerbated the widespread, longstanding Kuria tradition of cattle thefts and raids, which, in modern times, has expanded into widespread, intense, organized and commercial criminal activity—and concurrent vigilantism.[4][5][6][7]
The 2024 Kuria population was estimated at 1,500,000, with 608,000 living in Tanzania and 892,000 in Kenya. Anthropological research in 2024 estimated the population of the Kuria in Kenya at about 900,000, and the Tanzanian population at about 700,000.
The Kuria people were primarily pastoralists during the pre-colonial era. The Kenyan Kuria lean towards crop production, and the Tanzanian Kuria tend
to lean more towards pastoralism.[8]
Arrow roots growing in Kuria East-Kenya
_growing_in_Kuria_East,_Subcounty,_Kenya.jpg)
Culturally, the Kuria people practice circumcision for both males and females until today considering modern practices.[9]
Tools
[edit]| English | Kuria | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Stool | igitumbe | chair |
| Bed | obhoree | sleeping |
| Pestle | ihuri | thrashing millet, cassava |
| Bowl | igitubha | utensil |
| Hoe | inkuro | weeding and digging |
| Bow | obhotha | weapon |
| Arrows | imigwi | weapon |
| Shoes | imityambwi | dancing |
| English | Kuria | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Storage basket | egetonga | storing flour |
| Harvest basket | irikanga | harvesting Millet |
| Serving basket | ekehe, ekegaro | serving food |
| Door shutter | egesaku | shutter |
| Granary | iritara | grain storage |
| Ornaments | obhogeka | worn by girls and women |
| Container | ekerandi, egesencho | serving water, milk |
| Straw | orokore | drinking beer |
| English | Kuria | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Cowhide | iriho/irisakwa | bedding |
| Goat- or calfskin | egesero | clothing |
| Decorated cowhide or goatskin | engemaita, embotora | ceremonial women's clothing |
| Treated goatskin | igisiriti | girls' and women's clothing |
| Shredded skin | amacharya | worn by boys during initiation |
| Thong | urukini, irichi | tying cattle or firewood |
| Shield | ingubha | warfare |
| Hood, crown | ekondo | warfare |
| English | Kuria | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Water pot | esengo ya amanche | water storage |
| Milk pot | ikinyongo | milk storage |
| Ugali pot | inyakaruga | cooking cornmeal porridge |
| Smoking pipe | ighikwabhe | smoking tobacco |
| Flour pot | inyongo ya bhose | storing flour |
| Vegetable pot | iririghira | cooking |
Names
[edit]| Kuria | English |
|---|---|
| imburi | goat |
| eng'ombe | cow |
| egaini | bull |
| engoko/magoko | chicken |
| Wangwe | leopard |
| Wandui | lion |
| Nyanswi | fish |
| Itinyi | animal |
| Machage | zebra |
| Nchoka/waichoka | snake |
| Nguti | dove |
| Sariro | eagle |
| Mang’era | buffalo |
| Nyanchugu | elephant |
| Wankuru | tortoise |
| Kehengu | rock rabbit |
| Ngocho | parrot |
| Ng’wena | crocodile |
| Magige | locust |
| Kinyunyi | bird |
| Kuria | English |
|---|---|
| Mokami | milkman |
| Motegandi/mohagachi | builder |
| Murimi | farmer |
| Nyantahe | fetch(ing) from container[clarification needed] |
| Muya | beauty |
| Mohoni | salesman |
| Motongori | first harvester |
| Mtundi | food provider |
| Matinde | land tiler |
| Waitara | granary |
| Mataro/machera/mogendi | traveller |
| Moseti | hunter |
| Mbusiro | seeding grain |
| Kuria | English |
|---|---|
| Mwikabhe/Ikwabhe | Maasai |
| Mtatiro | Tatoga |
| Mogaya | Luo |
| Mgusuhi | Kisii |
| Umunyabasi | from Nyabasi |
| Mtimbaru | from Butimbaru |
| Kuria | English |
|---|---|
| Nyanokwe | God |
| Wainani | Jinni(ghost) |
| Mgosi | from the north |
| Wanyancha | from west/lake |
| Mirumbe | mist/fog |
| Sabure | god of the Wanchari |
| Melengali | sunlight |
| Nchota/nsato | mystical snake |
| Matiko/butiko | night |
| Ryoba/rioba | sun |
| English | Kuria |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | ikirigiti |
| Lightning | enkobha |
| Rain | wambura/nyambura |
| Famine | wanchara/nyanchara |
| Harvest | magesa/mogesi |
| Flood | nyamanche |
Common words
[edit]| Kuria | English |
|---|---|
| Amang'ana | general greeting |
| Mbuya ohoyere | How was your day? |
| Tang'a amanche ghakunywa | Can I have (drinking) water? |
| Nuuwe ngw'i | What is your name? |
| Omosani | friend |
| Omogheni | guest |
| Omokhebhara | a pagan |
| Umwitongo | a foreigner |
| Omosacha | male |
| Omokari | female |
| Umwisekhe | young lady |
| Umumura | young man |
| Karibhu | welcome |
| Okoreebhuya | thank you |
| Umurisia | uncircumcised male |
| Iritoka/Omotoka | car (from English "motorcar") |
| Isukhuuri | school (from English "school") |
Kuria is related to the Gusii language.
References
[edit]- ↑ "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics". Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic groups in Kenya". memtrick.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ↑ "The Tribes of East Africa: Kuria People".
- ↑ Boke, Maisori Christine: research project: "Conflict And Cooperation In Southwestern Kenya: A Case Of Kuria-Maasai Relations, 1979-2010," 2019, University of Nairobi, Dept. of History and Archaeology, retrieved 25 September 2020
- ↑ Fleisher, Michael L.: "Kuria Cattle Raiders: Violence and Vigilantism on the Tanzania/Kenya Frontier," 2000, 4th edition: 2003, University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor, Michigan, pages 83–88
- ↑ Fleisher, Michael L., 'War Is Good for Thieving!': the Symbiosis of Crime and Warfare among the Kuria of Tanzania," Winter 2002, Africa, Vol. 72, No. 1, retrieved 23 September 2020
- ↑ Shadrack, Jaba: Dissertation:"The Private Security Industry in Tanzania: Challenges, Issues and Regulation," October 2011, University of Dar-es-Salaam, retrieved from Academia.edu 24 September 2020
- ↑ Bwiyere, Frahiday. "Mara People Community Organization". Crime Expert. Frahil Publishers, Nairobi. Retrieved 15 August 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "FGM in Kenya: 'Girls are being paraded openly in the streets'". the Guardian. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
External links
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