nYYJt£OV til~ CPQouQ6.~ xat to. DLU~UTi]QLa euoll£V 1111 6EXOIl£VqJ LaS anovDa.s tWV 'AQYELWV, on OUX onots xa8i]xOL 6 XQOVOS, a.AA' ortot£ EIlBaMELV Il£MOLEV AaxEoULlloVLOL, '[0'[£ un£cp£Qov tOU~ Iliivao;;. '0 6£ 8EO~ EnEoi]fwLvEV aml[> ooiov cLvUL !lll 6EXOIl£vqJ onov6as aDixw~ unoqJEQoll£vaS. 'ExEi8Ev D' £u8uS nOQEu8El,S lOiS AEACPOU~ Eni]QEtO au LOV 'A:rtOMw d xaxEivqJ 6oxoiYj :ltEQL LWV onovorov xu- 8imEQ 1l[> nmQL '0 M. an£xQivmo xol Jl<.lAU xmo. LaU1a.
(:;;EYOq>WVTO, EM~VIK6, II', 7, 2-3)
rAWU01KG 0, Ii o~opOC;, TO o~opOV = 0 verrovuccc, cppoupav CPOIVW = Kaf..W YlO «oroTac.'l, 5lOTO~W en ror pcrs UOT], Ta liIOPOT~PIO (ew. iepa) = 8uoi8e; nou npoorpepovrov npiv ana rnv 8KO'1pOTela npOK8ll-l8VOU cum va 8X8l n8TUX'l1J8V'l 8Kl3aOT]. XPI10Tl1plC.1l;0~01 = OUIJ130UA8UOIJ0l TO MaVTeLO, naipvw XP'lOlJo. KO' 9~KW = 8PXOl-lat, qrrcvco. t~l3aMw = 810136Mw, unoq>epw = npoortotouucn, npoq>ao[~olJol. KOTa TOUTa = 1..18 TOV iOlo rpono.
XUVTaKTIKG tK TOUTOU: 81Jnp68. npoooiop. TOU xp6vou, TO OTPOT&U;&IV;: unos. TOU eooKEI Kat TOU ElVOI (rourortoootorno). err' 'A9I1vaiouc;, em 80IWTOUC;: 81-lnp68. npooorop. nou 0'lAWVOUV 8X8plKT] KOTEu8uVOTl.&lvOI;: 810, crtnpeue., aVTlK. 0'10 eOOKel. KOTaAmOVTac; (= errelof) KOTtA!nov): alTlOAOYIKT] 1-lTX.' 'l1-lTX. 08V ,.maivEI OT'lV mwOT] TaU OUOlaO'1lKOU TO ortolo npooolopi~EI (TOre; ;\OKeOQ[/.lOV{Ole;), OAM OE crnor., aUI-l'PWVWVTOe; I-lE TIlV rmoon 'fOU EW. urtox. TOU aroateueiv, nou sivcn TO routouc = TOUe; ;\QKeoQ[J,1ovioue;. O~Opov, rroxe~iav, ~&yaAf;)v: KUITJyOp1ll-lOT. npoaolOp, 0'10 TTjv ttosiv. OTi ei'1 OUT4> IlYI1TeOV Tile:; cppoupac; = on otO! QUTl)V rJyeia801 17']e; cppoupae;' O'1OV eusu Myo: &i; eJ,1t rJyefo8m nie; cppoupae;. ~Ii l5&xo;~evQJ (= ei J,1r'] otX01TO): unoeer. I-lTX· 1-'8 onoooon TO dv tXOl (oni\T] OK8LjJ'l)' '1 1-lTX. VO'lI-'OTlKQ cnorsxst TO unox, TOU ooiox; dv tXOI. OTI • TOT& uneq>&pOV; TOUC; ~ilvoe:;: ornoxov. npor. OnOT& Ka9r1KOI 0 Xpovoe:; / OnOT& ... fl.oK&lial;~OVlol: OUO XPOVIKoun088TIK8C; npor. ue WKTIKT] e:naVaf..'lmIKtl Kat !-IE an6i500T] TO untcpepov (coprcrn enav6i\'lLjJ'l 0'10 napEA86v). unocp&po;~evoe:; (= OTI urrecptpovm): '1 I-lTX. ornoxovei TIlV Un08ET. I-lTX. J,1r7 oexoJ..ltvCfJ (= e{ J.1f) oexorTo' an6500T] TO OOlOVelVQL' Aov8oVWV KOl 8~apTllI-l8VOC; un088T. Myoe; TIle; OnAT]e; OK8LjJ'le;' O'1OV w8u Myo: el J.1f} oexolO - OOIOV eOTI). nop&u9;&ie;:; (= ettei erropeu817): XPOVlKT] 1-lTX. ouvrjuu. (rtporspoxpovo 0'10 napEA86v).
38
META4IPUH
• Furri or i\aKE~all.l6- VLOI ~LETa~av erncrocreuon evcvriov TOU Apvouc;
·0 MyoC; nou ° A'fTloircoAte; m;yE OTT]V m.uJ.lnio
• H oncvrnon nou rmpe
• 0 AYTlainOMC; moue; AEAouC; YIO XPllcrIJO.
17
'Yorsoc rut' mrro at AaxdiaqlovLoL EXQtVaV 0'tL 11 Exo'tQmda rou; svcvnov '[WV A9rjvalcov ~ xmu rorv Boiomov bEY ~tav uoqxrAtl~, xa8w~ uCflTlvav nloco roix rnv nOAl1 rcov AQYELCOV, (nOA:'1) YHtOVLXtl IJ,.E Tr] AaxE/:iaLlJ,.ova, EX8QLXtl xm'tooo IlEYUAl1' YL' cnrco bta'tu~ouv Emo'[Qu'tEUO'Y] evovnov lOU AQyout;. 0 AYl1otnoAL~, otuv Ella8E OU amo~ EnQEnE vc ELvm aQXl1Yo~ '[11t; ExOtQmELat; xrn rrox; OL 8uOLE~ "Ita. rnv avaxwQl)O'Y] ano 'tl) XWQa untlQsav EUVO'lXE~, tlQ- 8El Ot'YJv OAUJl1tLa xm ~'YJ,[wV'ta~ 'tl) OUll~OUAtl rou llaV'tELOU QWwuOE 10 8EO o» bEV tl1aV aOE~ELU (to) vc 1l'YJ bEXtEF rnv uvaxwXtl 'tCOV AQYElcov, yta.'tL mnot COL AQYElOL) nQo~aMaV co~ nQoepaO'Y] tou~ LEQOVe; lltlvEe; OXL XU8E epOQu rtou EepWVE 'YJ EnOXtl ('tCOV LEQWV 1l11- vcov) aAAu XU8E cpoQu nou EnQoXELtO va £lO~UAOUV ern XWQa roix OL AUXEbmIJ,.OvLOL. 0 8EOe; tOU cpavEQwoE llE O'Y]llubLa 0'tL tl'tav EUOE~Ee; vc 1l'YJ bEXtEL2 avaXWXtl, YLml naQuvOIlU nQo~aMOtaV w~ nQocpuO'T]. Arto EXEi a!lEOCOt; ntlYE l moue; ~EACPOV~ xm QW't110E xm toy AnoMcovu ov EiXE xrn mrro; OXEUXU IlE t11v avaxcoXtl mv (bta yVWIl'YJ llE tOY nmEQa rou'. Kat 0 Anonwvae; anuVt'YJ0E, mo xaTYjYOQl1llmtxCt, IJ,.E lOV LbLD tQono.
un&l.j;>&pOV; TOlle; lJilvae;: 01 APYE:iol eKjJeTaM£uovTOV TO YE:YOVOr::, on iSE:V TeAOUVTOV auyxpovwr::, orto OAOUr::, TOUr::, ~wpldr::, KonOler::, KOlvtC; YIOPTtC; rtou ouvertovovrov OVOKWXl') Kat jJeTt8£TQV rnv IWepOIJIlV[O TtAE:al')r::, TOUr::, QVOAOyo JJE ne; QVOYKEr::, TIle; OTlYlJilc;·
01 nAOYI&e; E:pWTrIl.laTIKte; npOTOO&Ie; OTOV &u9u; Aoyo j.I&TaTptnoVTOI; cs &U-; 9E:iE:e; E:PWTrl0E:Ie; (QVE~OPTllTEr::, npOTOOEle;).
1. OUK iouev orrou Yile; eerlJ&V; (eu8uc; )"oyoC;: rrou vile; eOjJ&v;)
2. Kupoe; crreJ.lmlro, a,T! nOlrlO&ll3aoIA;&ue; (eu8ue; Aoyoe;: rf nOlrlO&I; (3aerIA&ue;;)
3. ennpdrm TOV eeov ei oOlwe; QV &X01; aUTI!> I-1I'1li&xo; ... tv<'lN\eTol EiVat 11 euKTIKi] TOU May LOU i\6you, 'l onoia yiverm ~ anArl OPLcrTIKrl (nopa>5. 4) rl OTIOP'l~OTLpaaOj.le TIl; XPOvtKi:~ IJTX· eA8wv Kal nooeueev; ps prlj.lO KOI 0'& nopmOKTLKrl O'uvoeaT] 11" TO £;"'1- PWTO KOl i:m)pero oVTicrTOlXO (~eromoO'Tj).
2. Kmo M~'l: eov oe 1leXDTov ('l IJTX. V0'lflaTlKO nnorexel TO UTTOKeil1"vo 'tccv 6rnw~ civ ilxo1 KO' ornov &Ival;).
3. AJV,uiJ~: ortcoc aKp,!>"" 0 noreooc TDU
39
KEIMENO
IHMEIA KJ\EIIl.IA
• VOl1iooVTIX; ... OUK av ... ttpooonoatti- 001 Kol OJ./O ... Kav E;Uj./{3f/VQl
• ryYOUW:VOI rpo{3ef· oeai xai em8uI1'iosiV
• roUTa TOU<; :A8ry· vaiooc rpo{3ef0801
• oUTOU<; [= TOU<; 'A8ryvaiou<;] emeu- 11r70e1V E;uvaMoyf/· Vol «ai TTolryoao$m
To yeyovoTo IJE:TO T'lV KOToA'llJlll T'l~ AIJCPinoAI'J<; ono TO Bpoail5o. 'EVOTO eTO<; TaU neAOnOWI'J0IOKOU noAejJou (423 n.X.).
18
AaXEbm!l6vLOL 6£ xal 'A8ljVa'iOL U!la ~QL 'tOU EmY1YV0!l£VOU 8£QOUS; Eu8Ur; btEXCLQLav tnOL'l'loav'tO evicexnov, VO!lLOaVW; 'A8ljval- 01 !lEV OUX UV Etl tOV Bocotoov oqxirv nQooanootflom oubEv JtQlv JtaQaO'XEuaOmvtO xaij' ~O'UXlav, xa\' u!la, El xaAWr; orpiotv £XOL, xav ~u!l~i)vm to. JtAElW, AaXEbm!lOVLOL bE tau'ta 'tou~ 'A8ljvai.our; ~yOU!lEVOL U1tEQ EbfclLoav cpo~Eio8m, xaL YEVO!l£Vljr; avaxwxi)r; xaxwv xa\' taAalJtwQLw; flCiMOV EJtL8u!ltlOELV autO'ur; JtELQaOa!l£YOUr; ~uvaMayi)vaL re xal tOUr; avCiQar;- orpiow CtnoMvta~ oJtovCio.~ nomocofkn xal Er;10V nAELW XQovov. Tour; y6.Q CiT] avbQar; nEQi JtAElOVOC; tnOLoDvto xO!lLoao8m, Ewr; £tL BQaot6ar; ljUtUXEL.
(0ouKuaillrt. s; 117, 1·2)
rAWOOIKQ a~a ~PI = I-Ie rnv evap~T] TllC; OVOl~T]C;, 1-l0~1C; apXloe T] aVOl~Tj. TO tmYIYVo· ~£VOV 9ipoc; = TO K~oKoipl rtou cxoxouset. npooOlpioTlUIl = KlVW srnrtxeov oe cnoorcom, KOVW Kl OMouC; va crroorcnnoouv. ~UIlPaivw TO nA£iw = KOVW OUl-irlaOT] vic rtepiocorepo xpovo. avaKWXr') KaKWV. __ = rtouon, OlaKOnll ouuooptov ... n£lpw~al [aVOKWXT1<;'] = OOKlI-IO~W rc aya86. TllC; avaKwX!ic;. nEpi nA£fovoc; nOlou~al = 8ewpw ruo OT]l-IaVTlKO.
:E.UVTUKTIKG ~PI: 6OT. opyavlKn aVTlK/Kn one TO 0/-10. elV npoounoornocr, elV ~u",p~val: el5lKO OUVT]TlKO cnupeuo., ovnxetu. TllC; alTlol\OYIKT']C; IJTX. VO/-liOOVTE:<;' (= irrE:lOr, iV0f.1l0a0. TOV Bpaof6av: unox. TOU rrpooarroOTtjool. Otpwv, ou6tv: aVTlK. TOU rrpooarroOTtjoOl. rrpiv napaOKEuaoalVTO Ka9' r')auxiav: OeUT. xpoVlKOUn08eTlKn npor. I-Ie euKTlKT] TOU nl\0YlOU l\6you, l\6yw e~6.PTllOT]C; an6 lO1OPIKO xp6vo (v0f.1{oaVTE:<;' noooanoomooc, EKqJepeTQl I-Ie eyK~IOT] (Kat 0- Xl I-If: ortcpcuecrro) enel5T] T] np6TaOT] eE;oPTllOT]C; elvoi apVTJTIKT] ( ... ttpoaarroOTtjom ouc5iv). VOl'iOaVT&C; 'A9rIVaioi pev .•• npiv nepccxeuaocrvrc Ka9' r'louxiav = (01OV eu8u Myo) OUK dv tTl 6 8paoioo<;, r1/-1WV noooonootnocu T'] npooanootnoesev ou5i;v npiv QV rrapaOKE:Uaowf.1eBa KaB' r1ouXiav. £1 ... tXOI (un68.) - KaV ~u"'Ptlval (= KQV E,u/-I/3aff.1ev [cnoooonj): an~f) OKeIjlTj. Taurn: aVTlK. TOU cpo/3E:ioBOl.TOU~ 'A9rJvaiou~: uno«. TOU cpo{3efo8m. tpoPEio901, tTTl9UIl~OEIV: el5. ortopeuo., aVTIK£lI-l. TllC; amo~oYIKT]C; IJTX. r,YOU/-IE:VOI (= irrelor, r,YOUVTO). YEvo~tVrJC; (= eov yiVT/TOI [avaKwxf1]): yev. cnox., unosenKT'] I1TX. I-Ie an6500T] TO em8Uf.1r10E:IV (= em8UJ.1r100U01): npoaOOKWl-levo. KaKWv, TaAamwpiac;: yev. unOK/KeC; 010 avaKw)(1'jc;. ~uvaMoyl')val, rromec- 09al: rex. cnopeuc., aVTlK. TOU im8uwjoelV. nElpaaa",ivQuc;, ano60VTac; (= enov napaotovtcu, enov arroowOl): )(pOVlKec; IJTX. OUVT] I-Il-Iev£C; (rtporepo)(pOVO 010 f-JtMov). av6paC; (01-1.), otpiOlv (el-ll-l.): QVTIK. TOU arro06vTO<;'. TOU~ av6pac;: aVTlK. TOU KOf.1iaaoBac, TO ortoio eivaLTel\. cnooeue.. aVTIK. aTO ttep! rr)"elovo<;, cttotouvro.
40
META$PAl:H
• Furri 01 A8rlVoiOi OUvT]4JOV EKe:Xe:lpio I-I£: roue: lIaK£:OOlI-l0- vtouc
• Furri 01 1I0Ke:OOII-lOVIOl OUvT]4Jav e:K£:Xe:lpio I-Ie: roue: A811- vciouc
01 Myol Yla TOUI; onofoul; AOK£l)olllovIOI KCI A61]voior (7uvamouv £K£XElpio EVDI; tTouC;.
18
ME TY)v EVaQ~l1 TY)~ aVOl~Tj~ roo a'XoAou8ou 'XaAO'XaLQLO'l)l oi Aa'XEbaq.lOVLOl 'XaL OL A8Tjva(0l O1JV~'4'av E'XEXELQLa EVO~ E"t01J~- oc A- 8TjVatOl, yl..U"tL VO[.lLOav OU [enn] 0 BQaoibw; bE 8a [.lJtOQ£OfL ma va 'XavEL 'Xa[.lui :1101..11 "touS; va rotOO"ta"t~OH :I1QLV :I1QoE"tOL[.laO"tO'Uv [.lE TY)v Tj01JxLa "t01J~, 'XaL O1JYXQOVooS; on 8a unopouoov va xovouv O1J[.lqJoovLa yta [.la'XQo"tEQO XQovo av roue O1JVEqJEQE ln E'XEXHQLa]oi AaxEbm[.lovLOL coro rnv aAAl1 [ouvrppov EXEXELQLa], ytmL :I1(01E1Javon oi A811vatOl qJo~oV"tav auto. :I10U :I1QaY[.lan'Xa Elxav qJo~1l8d 'XaL on, av o"ta[.la~OOUV OL 'Xa"taO"tQOqJE£ xm oi "taAal..:JlooQ(E~, lOw£ AaX"taQ~oouv va bOXL[.laOO1JV" "ta aya8o. "t1']~ avaxwx~£ 'XaL va 01J[.lqJlALoo80uv, va E:JllO"tQE'4'OUV3 touc aV"tQE£ XaL va xovouv O1Jv8~'X11 yta I.lcyaAu"tEQo XQOVLXO tHo.OTY)[.la- nmt [or Aa'XECaL[.lOVLOl] 8£00- Qouoav JtLO OT][.laV"tLxo va JtaQ01Jv :I1LOW rou; o.V"tQE£ rou; 000 0 BQaotbas; EiXE a'Xo[.ll1 EJtL"tUXLES;.
A.EKOYMAI 1. ~PI, Clvl)pac;: Na vpmpouv OL nA.6.w:c; rmoceic OlOV l5Lo apl8l-lo.
2. tnollloaVTo, vOI.JioaVT&C;, ~UI-IPf)VQI, V&VOI-IEVIlC;, ~uvaMavf)vQI, anoi56VTac;:
No ypafAmTlou IlETa TI') IAoKpaTEIO EIP~VI') (346 n.X.) KOI I') 1l0VOllOXfo 1I1')IloaBtvI') - A1OXivl').
19
To flEY tOLVUY EV TfI ngw~EL<,l ngWtov XAfflflO,· uev avou, 31-32)
rAWaalKG KA.Ej.lj.la = KAonrl, OTpoTI'jY'lIlO, ortorn. OJ.lVUj.l1 T~V &ip;~v'lv = OPK[~OIlQl YIO TfJV SLPrlVfJ, I3sl3QLWVW TfJV SLPrlVfJ IlS OPKOU<;. npoAaj.l136vw = KOTaAOlll3uvw npWTUTSPO (ana 6JJ..OU<;). WVOUj.lal = s~ayopa~w «morov w XPrlIlOTO. amj.I&v;: OplOT. 118M. TOU ansl/..li! oneoxoucu. &UTpEnt;~ rroioupc! TI = 8TOlIlO~W KaAO KOTL. t~EpXOlJal = OTE::AVW crpcro, excrpcrsuco.
%UVTaKTIKU tv Tn npEOj!Ei9: sllnpo6. rtpoooiop. TaU :xpOVOU. TWV ov8pwnwv: yEV. UnOK/Krl ana TO OWP006KTJf.JQ. TOIOUTOV: KOTfJYOPOUIl. TOUTOU: YSV. aUYKpLT. cno TO f.JSf(ov. ·En&llii;'J ... T4I tlJ4I ljl'lqlIOlJaTI: oem. XPOVlKrl rtpor., '1 onoto ouurrruooercr 0TfJ XPOVlKr) IlTX. ouooac. npoAal3wv (= tns! npouAaf3s): :xpoVlKrl WX. OUV'lIlIl· (ouxr) "Elo8tVTa~ (= [011;1 TOUTOUC;] of aUK em;io8TJoav): em8eTLKtl / ovmpopLKrlllTX. 11£ ano:xpwOfJ OlTLOAOYlKtl. T4I ljl'lqlfOIJOTI: OVTlK. TOU nt;ra8evmc;. onwc; 1-11'} OTTlIJEV &K; MaKEliovfac;: OWT. TSAIKrl npor. (IlS 0- PlOTlKrl W:M.). EWC; ... nomonrro: OWT. :XP0vlKouno8sTlKrl noor. 118 8UKTIKrl TOU nMYLOU A6you (w6ue; A6yo<;: ewe; av nOlr}OT]TQr). &UTp;&n;~: KaT'lYOPOUIl. OLO Hi Ttjc; otpateiac. Iva 1J1'1, aEOp' o"aYY&IAOVTWV; I'}IJWV - t~EA8ola' uIJEiC;: OeUT. TSAlKrl noor. lI8UTsp£uouaec; TSAlKE::e; elvrn Kat OL nporcce«; 118 TO PrlllOTO KAsioQ(Tt;, anouotie, s{TJ, txor8' (6hee; or T8ALKE::e; npor. 8KiollaTl: TO lfJr'jCPlOI-iO TOU lI.rUloo8eVT] np6j3ABne ol-leOT} eKAoyf) nsvre npeal3wni>v I-Ie oxorto vo emKupw80uv 01 OUIlCPWVT]l-Ievee; ouv8r'jKee; 0- vcusoc UTO lA.mno KOl TO 51']1-10 TWV A811voiwv. Avoueoo UTOUe; npecpeurec nou eKAEXITlKOV I']TOV KOl 0 AlCJX:LVT]e;.
1. npoAo(3wv, n&I09;&VTOc;, anaYY&IAclVTwv;, nOI~oaITo: No ypacpei TO W eviK6 np6owno 0' 6ABC; TIe; eYKAioete; UTOV iOlO xp6vo KOl OTl1v LOlO cpwvl'].
2. nOlee; ouvTo~ele; TOU pI']I-IOTOC; OKOUW yvwpi~ele;;
1. 01 l)£UTCPCUOUOCc; npornoerc OTOV cu9u KOI OTOV nA6Ylo A6yo
01 oWTepeuouoee; noorcoe«; (eKT6c; one TIe; elOlKec; KOl TIe; nAoYlee; spcoTllI-IOTIKEe;), 6TOV uercoeoovrm UTOV eu8u Myo, nopouevouv OeUT&peUouosc; TOU [OIOU Eiooue;. MeTol3oi\1'] rtcpcrnoerrca UTllV EYKAlO11, sov EKq>EPOVTOl I-Ie EUKTlKI'] TOU ni\aYlOU i\6you, T] UTO rtpootorto nx orrwe; j.Jr, amuev e« MaK£ooviae; (T£AIK~) ewe; Tli. Ti]e; atpaieiae Tf}e; irri TOUe; cPwKiae; £UTperrf} nomooiro (xPOVIKoi.ino9&TIKrl;). lTOV w8u i\6yo ... otuoc; j.Jr, 6mpev e« MaKei5oviae; (n::A1Krl) ewe; dv ... nOI~OI1TOI (XPovIKoi.ino9cTIKrl).
2. lnavlo eLVUl ouvOT6 uro TEi\lKI'] rtpor, vo EKq>epeTOl I-IE WKTlKIi TOU ni\aYlOU i\oyou xwpiC; va unoPXEl e~o.PTllOT} an6 IOTOPlK6 xpovo. nX WV&iTOI; nap' aUTwv ... Iva llri ... £~&A9019;' ... AUTEC; 01 neplTITW081e; epWW&UOVTaL; we; e~I']e;:
0) 11 8UKTlKT] OCP8lA.eTOl oe ti\~11 orto 6.i\i\11 WKTIKI'] (e5w: rrOl/70QlTO)
13) 0 xp6voe; e~OPTl1011e;, av KOl apKTIKOe;, tXEl IOTOPIKT] xpOlo. (WV£fTOl: lOTOPlKOC; EVEUTwme;)
y) 0 oxonoc elvcn anolfJll Ii em6UllLa unoKElllevlKIi.
43
KEIMENO
IHMEIA. KhEIIIIA.
• OUK i(3ou;\&TO; anoOeiKVUVQl oos": yiyvea8Ql
• JtVD!Jit;OV] ;\a8efv DV
• Tel niJv noAe!Jiwv napsf)(e
• cup' WV = anD TOUTWV D ...
• OOWC; Te Kat 8aAaoooKpaToUVTWV
• n .. (3ouAo!JSvov
190 STOe; TOU neAOnOWl1010KOU noAtjJou (413-412 n.X.). l:IKeAIKrl tK- 20 orpcrefo. H KOTaOraOIl !leTa TIlV rlTTO TWV A91lvoiwv OTIC; EmnoMc;.
Kol 6 !lEV 6rll-wo8fvl')~ tounitn EyLyvwOXfV' 6 Of NLXiat; EVO!lLt,f !lEV xal amOt; nOvl')Qa Q"(pwv to. JtQaY!lata slvrn, '[(:!J DE A6yc.p OUX E~OUAftO ama aa8Evij CmoOElXvUvm, oUO' E!lwv: yEV. KTllTlK1l 010 TO ttpavuata. Ta npaYIlOTa: uno«, TOU EIO. ortnpsuo, elvo; TO ortolo elvor aVTlK. UTO i:vO/-lr(,e. ao9𝔳 KClTTlyoPOUjl. UTO miTa, TO anoia sLVOl OVTIK. 010 onoOelKvuvor TO ortopsue. etvcu TEA., OVT1K. OlO OUK i:{3ouAsTO. Toie; noAE~iole;: OOT. aVTlK!K1l 010 KOTayysATouc:;. YIYVEo8al: TEA. ortcpeurp., aVT1K. OlO OUK i:!3ouAsTO. "'1"Jop. I-ITX., OUVlll-Il-I. OlO TI. Evi50UVOI: TeA. ortopsurp., OVTlK. UTa {3ouAof.1Svov. roiq 'A9I"JvoiOI~ (euu.), Ta npay~aTQ (01-1.): OVTlK. TOU i:VOOUVQI.
44
META$PAI.H
·0 NIKlae;
- ortoppmrei lTIv rtooroon TOU lllll-Ioo9ZVT"J Yla anoXWPIlOT"J TWV A91lvalwv nrto Til LIKg/l.ta
- 810llydTGl lTI OUVZXIOT"J TIle; no/l.lopKiac;
• Ta gmX8iPIll-laTQ TOU:
a) ...
~) ...
AI:KOYMAI
EMnE4flNn
naTt 0 NIKioC; liE OUIlIJEpi~QI TI'!V (molJll] TOU dl]Iloo9tvI] Yla DIlEOI] 20 anoxwpl]OI] uno TI] :IIKEAia.
o ArJl.WOOEvYj£ AOL1IOV dXE teroio YVWf,tYj' 0 NLXLao; ouo»; nLO1:EUE ~E~ma xm U'lrt"O£ an Yj xmcwwoTj roix tlWV uuacpaAtle;, OEV tl8EAE 0WJJO; ue 'to A6yo vc tnv naQoum6.oH a08Evtl, OU'tE cororpoOL~OVW£ us 1.)Jt'tcpo mv avaxwQYJOYj cpaVEQ6. OE noAu6.Ql8f,tYj OUYXEVLQWOYj vo anoxaAUcpTOUV 01:0U£ EX8QouC;' YLmi, ov Exavav coro, f,tE f,tEyahrtEQYj xm6. nOAu OUOXOALa [VOf,tL~E OTt] Oa ~EcpEUyav'ty]v nQOOOXtl, otnv 8a tl8EAav vo cpUyouv. E~aAAOU Yj xm6.owOll 'tON EX8Qwv, an' o.n f,t6.8mvE nEQtOOo'tEQO uno 'toue; 6.AAoue; o'tQa'tl"jyoue; YL' aun'j (tqv xm6.0'taOll 'tWV EX8Qwv), TOU EOtVE aXOf,tYj x6.rtotn EAniba OTt 8a tlWV XElQOTEQT] ano 'tl"j OlXtl LOUe;, ov E:rttf,tEiVo'VV [at A8T]vaim] va 'toue; nOALOQxoUV' ytmi [niOTEuE on] 8a E~aV'tM)oouv amouo; (toix IUQaxouOLOUo;) Myw EMEL1.)JT]o; Ecpooiwv, xm f,taAtOW xa8600 f,tE W nAoia nou btE8E'tav dxav 'tl"j oUYf,ttl EXctYT] nOAu f,tcyaAu'tEQT] unEQoXtl ern 8aAaOOa naQa nQw'tU'tEQa. KL axof,tY] YLmL UJ1l1QXE f,tLa f,tEQLoa xm one; IUQaXoUOEe; rtou tl0EAE va naQabwoEL 'tl"jv nOAYj OTOUC; A8't1vaiouo;.
1. anOi5&IKVUVOI;, qJl1q>I~Oj.ltvouC;, Ao9&lv;: No yivel XPOVLKr'j OVTlKOTo.mOOT].
2. flotu ueroroonn ueicrovrca rc ortopeuorrro (£LOLKo. KOL T£ALKo.) KOTo. Til uercupopo TOUe; ana TOV Mo.YlO A.6yo OLOV susu:
E~apTlllltvOI uno9ETIKOI Aovol
OVOJ.lo.~OVTOL eroi 01 Un08eTlKOi A6yOL nou O£V exouv we; crrooocn av£l;o.pTIlTIl (KUpLO) npoTOOT] aMo. i5&UT;&p;&UOUao; (ouvf]8we; elolKl']) np6TOOT], anoptj.lq>aTo 1) j.I&TOx;~ (ouvf]8we; KQTIlyoPllllaTlKr'j), n.x.:
a) TO TWV nOAE/-liwv taoVTOI novnooreoa TWV r'jjJ€TepWV, flv KOPT&PWIJ;&V; noooxaenusvc» (w8ue; UnOS8TLKOe; A6yoe;).
To nov noAs/-liwv eAniooc;". napeixs novnooteoa TWV oqeteotov ta&a901;, I'jv KOPT&PWOI; npooKaer']/-l€VOI (&l;apTIllleVOe;).
~) A6901j.l&v; av, OnOT& l3ouAoilJ&9a rl crtorcv l3ouAwj.I&9a (&u8ue; Un08&TlK6e; Myoc;) ,
[tV6J.ll~& 1 .Aa9&iv; av, OnOT& 130UAOIVTO (&~apTlllltvOe;).
y) 'Eav TIVO Aal3wj.l&v;, unapxn I'Jlliv aVTi nov e voo V, flv 6.pa Tuxwai T1Vt:C; e(wYPTJ/-leVOI (unOSeTIKo[ MyOL os w8u Myo).
'E{3ovAovTO oxpiatv, &i; nvc Aal3ol&v;, un6pX&lv; aVTi TWV evoov, ~v 6.pa T1Jxwai TlV€C; eZ;wYPl"JjJevol (&~OPTIlllevOl).
0) ttovrec QV 01 avopSC; awgei&v;, ci j.ll'J V&VOITO; /-lam (&u8ue; Un08eTlKOe; Myoe;) ,
Oi E>ry{3afOi ewpwv m:ivmc;, Civ TOUC; ovopac; aW9&VTOC;, ei jJl'! VtvOITO /-lam (&~QPTIllltvOe;) .
45
KEIMENO
IHMEIA KAEllilA
• OOKW av yevea8m
• uno TOU }'6yol) eE;oYPloiveoem
• otmj> anoKpivoOeOl
• Mlj 0(01) OUK QV UnOKoTOMivea8ol «oi Olmpee!pelv, vnsiKelv Kat au ono1)06- sew
o epaaiijJoxo~ &n;&jJ;!3aiv&1 jJ& EnEI006IDKO rpono tTY'l ou~rjTlloll avojJ&oa; OTO IWKpOTI'J Kat TOV noMjJapxo Via TO TI &ivai; 6IKOI00UVIl,
21
KaL tyw CtXouaa£ t~ErtA.6.yl]V xaL nQoaBMnwv amaV t9EfpEIV, UneIK&IV;, anou66~&lv;: ElO. ortnpeprp., OVTIK. cro ofou. rllJac;: urtox. TWV anapellcp· Kal Tile; I-lTX. (r]TOuvme;. aM~Aole;: OVTIK. TaU unoKamKAivsaf)al av. ourou: vev. OVTlK/Kl'j oro eooeo». ~I1ToOVTae; (= tv ciJ (r]TOU/-lev): XPOVIKrl J-lTX. ouvnpu. npaYlJa: rtcpcaeon. xpuafwv: yev. aUYKpITlKr; ana TO TI/-lIWTSPOV, TO onoio slvor em8eT. rtpocoicp. oro npovua. aM~AOIC;: aVTIK. cro urrsiKSIV. QlDVl'jvOl: TE:A. anopeV(j)., ovnxelu. oro ottouo6.(elv.
46
METACiJPA.E.H
• H uvrtopcon TaU LWKPCTIl ono TIl creon TaU epOCTl)I-l°XOU
• H ortovrnon TOU LWKP6t11 crro epocrUJ.lOXo· OITlOil.6YT]an TOU rponou €~8- TOO1")<; TaU ~T]TijI-lO- 10<; TT]<; OlKOIOOUVT]C;
A.I:KOYMAI
EMnEMlNSl
21
Ki EYW, !JOAt-; 10V oxouoc, sacpvtaoUJxa XaL XOLla~Ovta-; toy CPO~O!JO'llV' !l0'll cpa[VElm !JaA.LOlU on 80. 'xava lY] cpwv~ uou, av ()EV 10V flXa nQooEs,EL EYW nQ<.O"tl.YtEQa an' on EXE[VO-; E!JEva. TWQa 0- !JW-; otov aQXL~E vc ESaYQLwvElUL ano LY] O'U~~UJ0Y], nQoA.a~a xm 10V xo[msa nQWLO-;, WalE !J-1toQwa vn tou anaVL"ll0w xru lQE!JOvrcc A.[yo rou E[na: «8QamJ!JaXE,!lY]V ELom a'llotY]Qo-; !Ja~[ !Ja-;' YLm[, av xavO'Uw: x0.nmo mpaA.!Ja oty]V ES,E1U0Y] tou ~Y]t~!Jmo-; XaL EyW xm amos E6w, vn SEQW; xaA.a on 10 XaVO'll!JE a8£A.a !JaS. MY] vO!J[tu.; A.omov on, av 1paxva!JE vet ~QoV!JE XQ'llOacpL, OE 80. 'UnoXWQouoa!JE 8EA.'fJ!JmLxa 0 Evas otov ano OLY]v uva1;~UJ0Y] XaL 80. !JU1:aLWva!JE UJV avaxaA.mjJ~ too, EVW lwQa nou EQE'llVa!J£ UJ 6LXaLoouvn, nQaY!Ju mo nOA.U"tL!Jo uno noA.U XQ'llOacpL, [!J'fJ VO!JLtElS on] 'llnOxwQou!J£ tOOO avoY]lU 0 Eva.; orov ano XaL 6£ qJQovt[1;o'll!J£ va anOXaA.'llcptEL am~ [= 6lxaLOmJVll] 000 to 6'llvmov xaAU"tEQu».
1. No KALed OLOV [OLO )(povo 11 npOOLOKTLKrl TUN PllllOTLKWV rurtcov nou ortoVTOUV OTO Keiw:vo oe Ho8T]TLKO OOpLOLO.
2. nw<; eK'PepOVTQL 01 KupLee; rtporoosiq Kp[oeWe; KOL nwe; OL emeUIl[ae;;
o UTTo8&TIKOC; A6yoC; TOU OVTi8&TOU; TOU TTPOYIJOTIKOU OTOV TTAaYIO Aoyo
Vnogeol'J: e! + ooumst; lomprKou xpovou (oe lleTQ~6..Me-rQL OLOV nMYLo Myo os eUKTLKrl TOU n.ll.OYLou Myou).
Anoi5001'J: -eLOLKrl rtpor, + (KUp[W<;) OUVT]TLKrl OPLOTLKrl
- nA6YLa epwTT"II.l· rtpor. + (KUp[WC;) OUVT]TLKt'] OPLOTLKt']
- .I.lUVT]TLKO cncpeuqxrro
- .t.UVT]TLKrl KaTT]yopT] IlQTLKrl IlTX· n X:
a) n.A.: Ei wi tWPOKI") - i50KW Q(/Iwvoc:; av YEvtoeOI.
E.A.: Ei IJTJ tWPOKI") - acpwvoc:; av tYEVOlJl'Jv.
~) n.A.: ei. t(I")TOUIJf:V - Ill'] olou OUK av ... UnOKOTcKAivEo9al.
EA: el t(l")mulJev - OUK av unoKoTEKAIVOlJeeO.
y) nA: Totrto IJi;v iate, on ouo' av tywye tOTQoia~ov, ei 6iVtov eueoee.
EA: oui5' OV t.YWYE tOTaoia~ov - e! 6iVtov eiAeaBe.
0) n.A.: Eu faBr IJl")otv elV IJE TOrfrWV tmX&IPrJoCVTC;, ei ewpwv.
EA: Oui5tv QV tyw mUTWV tn&Xeipouv;, ei ewpwv.
47
KEIMENO
IHMEIA KAEll1lA
• TO .. , yeveaEor
• on OUK QV ciYQVQKToil7, .. , ciMci, .. QV r)yo[08s
• TOi<; ciaeevsorcirol<; anoi5ei5oTQr
• rwv QUrwv TIjJ f3sATi- 0'T!p
"Eva<; apl(JTo<; 1~IWTIK6<; A6yo<; tJ& anou~aia un66&0f) eK(JIwV&lTOI; aTO «ev l!.&A;(JIlviw» ~IKao-njplo.
22
Flsol JtOMOU &.V JtOLT)Oat[tT)V, OJ &'V()gE£, to tOLOUtOU£ u[tu£ E[toL ()LXaOta~ JtEgL rooro» tOU JtgUy[lato.; YEVEo8m, oloi JtEg &.v U[tLV aUtOL'; Etl']tE tounnc JtEJtov86tES' E'lJ yag oW em, sl TI]V am~v yvw[lllv JtEQI, trov aAAwv fXOLtE, tlVJtEg JtEg" U[lrov au'trov, oux &.v ELl'] aOLLs OUX EJtL tOL'; YEYEY1l[lEVOL'; ayavuxtOLTJ, aAAa JtUvtE'; &.v JtEgL trov t6. tOLaUta EJtLtTJ()E'U6vtwv La.; STJ[lLU'; [lLXgU'; ~yoio8E, Kei rcuLa oux &.V ELTJ uovov Jtug' U[llv oiJtW.; tyvWO[lEVa, aM' EV (muon tft 'EMu()l" JtEgL LOULOU yug uovou tOU a()LxYt[tatO'; xaL BV ()l)[toXgatL-;t xal BY oALyaQXl-;t ~ aln~ LL[twgLa tOL'; o.08EVEOLUWL'; JtQo,; rou; tU [tEYLota 6UVU[tEVOU'; Mo6E()otm, WOtE LOv XElgLOtOV rcov amwv WYXUVELV L0 BEAtLOUjl.
(huO'io, YTTtp TOU EpOT00'9tvouC; '!'OVOU OTToAoyfo, 1-2)
rAWOOIKG napi l1oMou noioupc! TI = eKTl~W KaT! noALJ. OUK eOTIV oom; OU = 0 KO- 8tvoe;, 6AOI (taTlv De:; 1'1 oat«; = KanOlOC; / aUK ecmv De:; 1'1 oat«; = Koveie;). tl1lT'li5&UW; = KOTOY[V0I-lOL I-lE KeITl, OmnpaTIw. ~'lIJ'a = Tll-lWplo.
I.UVTGKTIKG rrepi noMoO: eunpoa. npOOOlOP, nou 0I1Awvel ot;la. TO y&vto9al;: cvnsstu 010 dv noinoaiunv. UIJOe;: urtoxeiu. TOU veveoecu. liIKaoTOe;: KaTllyop00~, 010 uJ.lae;, rrspi TOU npoYIJOTOe;: q_mp68. npoooiop. TIle; avo90v£i, T{VOI:; elV uf.1iv 6 rOiOuTOI:; cmoaxiaSal 050Ket ttovnpiac; (rtpovuonxo).
3. OT£ !-ltv OKOUOIT£ roue; tv dam rr,v airmv yvWf.1'1v txelv, J.1IKpae; tArri05ac; &ix;&n; me; KaB6050u (06PIOTTJ E:TlOVOAT)4J'l OTO TlopeA8ov).
4. ware Kai Civl:u TOU l)1l)O!-ltvou (= c;{ J.1r'] 05105otTO. .. ) toutou ~ftv (= (4J'1Vav): aTlA~ OKt4JT).
5. Tnv euyarepa ef.1oi AliaaT£, enev l)t~'la9£ orrolVa (npooooKw~evo).
1. E-'.eu8epa: ov i5l1(a~aTe auni rnv un68elJTl jJe rsroio tpono 6n",<; aKpI~w<; eo i5l'Q~a-re Kal Yla TOV ecuTO aac; ...
2. Ka-ra M~~: iSe eo UmlPxe Kavei, nou lie eo ovovoxroucs ...
49
KEIMENO
IHMEIA KAEIll.IA
• we; oeov u/Jae; eKAtE;ao8w
• worrep doome;
• npoorxev uuac
npooeyesv
• TOre; evavnouusvoic npooeyeiv r7 TOre; KaTOxapl~ow;vorc;
• UJ.1ac; ... eiooiac;
• orr ... ouvavral ! ... cv mi80rTe
• oi J.1tv MyovTee; a {3ouAco8e
'Eva<; A6yo<; liE noAITIKO nEplExollEVO nou VpCUpTT)Kt mecvev TO 356 n.X.
23
LUVEAY]AU8mE IlEV W.; Mov Vila.; E~ 6.navllov lWV Qy]8EV1WV EXAt~ua8m "to BEAtLCJtOV, WCJJtEQ b' ijoY] ampw<; ELM1E'; 6 nQux"tEoV tOLLv, OUX E8EAEL' aX01JELV JtA~V 'tWV nQo,; TjoOVY)V oY]f,ly]YOQ01JV1WV. KUl'tOL nQoO'fjxEv VWl';, dltEQ ~B01JAW8E ~Y]'tEIv 'to Lfi JtOAEL CJ'IJ1lt:pEQOV, IlC1.AAOV'tOl,; EVUV1LOUf,lEVOL<; "tal'; VIlE'tEQm.; yvwf,lm.; ltQoaEXELV tov vouv fjWL'; xmuxuQL~Of,lEVOL';, EtM'tu.; on'twv Ev8a6E ncQLOV'tWV ol f,lEV &. B01JAW8E AEyOV1E'; Q(_liSLWt; E~UltmaV 01JVUV1m (to yaQ ltQOt; XaQLV QY]8Ev EJtLaxo'tEL.'t0 xu80Qav vllat; 'to BEA'tLorov), urto 6E'twv Ily) ltQo,; TjoovY)v CJ'IJIlBoUAEuoV1wv ouoEv av rtrr- 80LLE 'tOLOU'tOV' ou yaQ fatlV onw.; av llE'taJtELam 6uVY]8EIEV Vila.;, f,lY) t:pUVEQOV 'to CJ'IJ1lt:pEQOV nomocvtsc.
(laoKpCITI1, n&pf; E.p';v'lC;, 9-11)
rAWaalKG ouvtpXOIJOI '" OUYK£VTpU>V0IlOl. lirWllyoptw, -iii '" IlIAW 15r1l160l0 unoocro aTO Aao / (IlE KaKij cnucotoj ovopeuco 15TlIlaYWYlKo. npootxw TOV VOUV '" npoo£xw (08 KOTl). oroeoto TT]V rtoooom uou KOTCXOPI~OIJOI '" xap(~w O£ KanOLOV «m YlO va TOV 8UXaPlOTi]OW / KOAOK8UW. noptpxolJOI / n6pEIIJI '" (Yla prrropsc) ove~alvw aTO ~rllla YLa va IlLAi]ow I 01 ttapiovrec '" Ol al-lLAI1- tee, or prrtopsc. tmoKOT£W, -W '" plxvw OKOT6.0L ij OKlO / etuoratei T4J KQ- 80pdv upde; TO (3tAnoTOV '" one oqxnpel TT] 15UVmOUjTO va OlaKplven: TO 0- pLaTO. OUK tOTIV onwe; = 11£ KOV£VQ rporto, oe Kallio rtepirrrroon.
EUVTGKTIKG we; Mov ('" we; Dei): 11 omoxov. I1TX· os orncnxn ortoxurrr ouvoosusrcn 0- n6 TO we; KOI 011Awvel unOK/Ki] omoxovto, UIJOe;: urtox, TaU tKil.£~ao8Q1. tKAt~ooeOl: urtox. TOU oeov. wanEp Eii5oT&e;: 11 I-ITX. nou ouvooeueror an6 TO wotteo slvcn ornoxovuci KOl 15llr..WVel lJJeuoT'j cmoxovto. 0 npOKT&OV; sonv: 11 nAoyLO epwTT]I1OT. rtpor. oelXVel I-IEPIKij cvvoic: exel 8£CJr) aVTLKEIIl. aTO eioorsc. IxeTIKo I-Ie TT] ouvTa~11 TIle; nM.Ylae; soorrnpor. rtpor, £Xoulle va napaTT]pi]oOUI-I8 TO e~ije;: 1) I] OUVTQ~I] npoOWrTCKrr 0: unox. npOKT&Ov;: xcrrtvoo. Av6.AuCJr): 6 oef npax8ljvQl (T] npocnoruxn auvTa~11 eivcn KOTO KUPIO Myo no- 8T]TIKtl)· 2) I] OUVTQ~I] anoooomn (ournv rtporurost 0 IOOKpOTT]e;). Av6.AuCJr): 6 Def noattetv (evv.) updC; (11 cmpootorm OUVTO~11 eivcu KUptWe; cveovrrnxn). OKOUEIV: T8r.._ ortcpeurp., aVTIK. TOU e8tAere. npoe; lli5ovr)v: 811np68. rtpooOIOp. TOU oxonou. roic tVOVTIOUl-ltVOIe;, TOle; KaTOXOpl~OlJtVOIe;: aVTLK. TOU npooexerv. ~ Toie; KOTaXOpl~OlJtVOte;: W opoc aUYKplCJr)e;. Tale; YVWI-IOIe;: aVTIK. TOU TOre; evovtiouuevou; Eii50Toe; (;: ette! (OTe): ornoxov, IlTX. a IlouAEOeE: 11 avacpop. rtoor, aVTIK. TOU 01 MyovTee;. t~OnOTaV: TeA. onopeuq», aVTlK. aTO i'5uvaVTQl. Till KOeOpaV: OVTIK. TOU eruoxotet. uno TldV IJIl OUIJ- 1l0uAEuoVTWV (= uno TOtfrWV of prj oup{3ouJl.suorev .. ): rtoirrruco OtTiO' 11 I1TX· ovcoop. - unossr. 1J8 an65oCJr) TO av naeoas (anr..i] OK£lJJll). IJ&TOnEioal;: TeA. oncpeue., aVTIK. aTO QV i'5uV7J8elev. IJIl nOlr)OOVTEe; (= e! IlrJ ttouiocuev / rroa]osra0: 11 uncser. I1TX· £XE:I crtooocn TO QV i'5uV7J8siev (anAT'j oK£lJJll)·
50
META"'PAE.H
'lllanIiJlwaeu:; I !:KTIwiael<; TOU prrropo
• Ynooe:l~e:I<; TOU pr']rope
• EmX~:IpijlJQTa TOU pnrooo
AEKOYMAI
EMnEMlNn
To &UXaPICJTO; li&v; &IVal; Kal TO apUHO.
23
ACPEVO~ EXE'tE O'Uyx.EV'tgw9EL us Lr]V LMa O'tt l'l{)EJtEL ceco OAa auta nou eLJtW9rjx.av va EmMsEtE to x.aMtEgo, acpEtEgou, AE~ x.m YVWgU;EtEJtAEOV X.aAa 'tL JtgEJtEL vc YLVEL, be 8EAEtE vo cxoirte aAAOU';; Jtaga !lOVO ex.Eivou~ Jtou ayogE'lJo1JV yta EuxagLOLr]ml oa~. Koi OWD~, av ~£~ma 8£AmE vo. EJtLbLWSE'tE 'to O'U!lCPEgov tTj~ JtOATje;, 8a £JtgEJtE va JtgOOEXHE JtLO JtOAU EX.EiVOU';; JtOO av'tLtL8EV'I:aL ott,;; btX.E~ oa~ ano'ljJEL~ Jtaga 0' EX.ElVOU~ rtou oa~ XOAax.Euouv, ytatl yvwgL~EtE on cero toix; Ebw gij'tOgEC; EX.EivOL rtou oae; A£VE ama nou 8EAElE EuxoAa !JJtogouv va oa~ Esanmouv (YLml mrto Jtou ELJtw8TjXE YLa va EuXaQlOTi!OEl WU~ aXQOatE~ oa~ acpmgEL Lr] buvm6Lr]ta va blax.glvE'tE to aglO'tO)· aV'tL8na 'tmmE aV'tLowLXO 6E 8a !JJtogoucere va Jta8EtE cno exsivou; stou 610 00.';; O'U!l~OUAEU01JV yta EUXaglOLr]m1 oa~' YlmL curot f..lE xaVEVUV tocno 610 8u f,.lJtOgEoouv va oa~ f..lEtanELOO1JV, av 6EV x.maoTi!oouv qxrveoo 'to OU!lcp£gov 00.';;.
1. npoatX&IV;, 1.1 ere n&iaOi; , ~uvl1eci&v;: Na ypocpEi TO W E:VIKO Kat W nA'l- 8UVTlKO rnc npOOTaKTIKT]<; TOU OOpiOTOU OTllV l..E:inE:TQl OTllV crtoooon, E:VW OTa napaoeiYI-IOTQ 4, 5 un6.PXE:l.
2. napaTrlP'lO'l OTIC; Un09&TIK;£C; Il&TOXtC;
LTD XapOKTT]PIOIlO I_Hac; I-ITX. 00<; urtoaenxnc (auvi]8ooc;) Ilac; ~O'leOUV: a) 'l 6.PV'lOT] (n6.vTO Ilri)
13) 'l unop~t) OTllV npOTOOT] rTlOTEUKWr:; TOfr:; 8EOfr:;, rorc V6POIC; xai UJi[V
• JiEf(ov TWV v6JiWV Koi TWV OIKO{WV
• 'E{3oul\6Jif/v OIOIKC[oeOI KO! ioxueiv
• el;ijv OUJi{30ul\EUfiIV
• TpOVWC; .,. oul.I~ouA&u;&lv;: OWl'. TeAiKi] npor. (11 npor. eKql8peTat ue 0PlOTlKf] laT0PlKOU xpovou). TtAlV noAlTwv: yev. olOlpeT. nop&A-; 90vTI: xpov. 1-lTX. cuvrjup. aTO njJ rrpea/3UTQTqJ. TO I3tATIOTO: aUGT. OVTlK.
["f' . META$PA:tH
BAE1LE1£, UvtQ£':; A8l]valoL, ll]V 1lQOE'tOlllaola xm 11']V 1LOAL1LXT) OQYUVWCJ'r] l1000 ~Ey6.All EXEL yi.VEl, XaL tt<; l1aQaXAijOEl':; 011']V ayoQu aLL£ 01LOLE<; EXOVV xmacpUYEL ~EQtxol ym vc unv EcpaQ~O~Ovtat 0T1lv l10Al] ta OlxaLa XaL 'tU VOf1.Lf1.U· EYro ouoi; EXW EQ8El EXOvtU':; anoxtij-
OEL llQrotU Ef1.l1WTOoUVl] OTOV':; Bwu.:;, E1LELta OTOV<; VOIlOV<; xrn OE oa.:;, E1LELDij motstxo ou Xaf1.La JtQoon:u8na DE oa.:; E1L1']QEU~EL l1EQLOOmEQO coto tou; VO~OV.:; xm ta Dlxma. 'HBEAa AOlJtOV, UvtQE£ A81']vctoi, xm l] ~OUAij tWV llEvtUXoolwv xm oi , «1pT]q:JLOU!lat xm6. 'tOUt; VO!lo'U<;», EXELvo yE EU dOeD£, em, otnv oLatl]Qy]8wOLV ol VO(.lOL 'tfl JtOAEL, m.ptEtat xaL tl 011- !loxQatta.
(AIO)(iv'l, KQTe] KTlJOIIA
• oxouocu /lOU Myovroc;
vouc;
• noooxessooaoecu
• O/lW/lOKoroc; OKOUaeoeo:
• onoAoyioC; (yev_) TU-
xwv
• llotc eivrn 11 napaM.llC1l1 TOU KOTllYopOU~E:VOU
• Ti npE:TT£L va ovoxoYIO"TOliV 01 OIKQo-rtc; Kat YIOTt
• rlOTl 11 rtpotponn TOU Kcmiyopou npoe; TOUe; OIKOO"TE:C; o£v OqJE:W::rOl O"TllV opyti TOU
60
nap6KA.!]OTJ TOU KOTllYOPOUllivou rrpoc 10U<; litKaaTic; va aKOUaOl,lv 11& npoaox~ TIlv ano .... oyia TOU.
30
'-:ii~; KEIMENO
~Eo~m iJ~6)V, cD aVOQ£'; A8Yivaim, E8£A~aal ~OU ~E'T' £1)VOLa.; axoi!am MyovwS;, iJJtOAoYL~O~EVOU'; 10 1£ f,l.Ey£80.; wi! XLvMvou xal10 JtA~80.; 1WV ai;nwv nQo,; a.; a:n:oAoyi!oao8aL ~£ OEi, xaL 10..; lI~xva.; xnl 1o.S; XaTaOXEUo.s; wi! XaTllYOQOU xal ti)v w~mYi"ta, 0'; E- 10Af,l.YiO£JtaQaxEAEuaaa8m nQOS; avoQa.; o~w~oxmas; TWV UVUOLXWV 6~OLW'; a~cpOTEQWV axouow8m ti)v TOU XLVOUV£UOVW; CPWVllV ~1l imOflEVELV. KaL TaUT' elnsv ou OL' oQyi!v- ouoElS; yo.Q TWV '4IEUOO~EVWV wi.; aOLxw; tlLa~anOf.l.Evm; 6QYL~ETm, OUO' ol1aA1l8f] AEvovre; XWAUOUOL AOYOU TUXELV 10V cpEuyov-ta- OU yo.Q nQ6TEQoV tl
XaTllyoQlanaQo. LOiS; axououaLV laxuEL nQLv av 6 CPEUYWV a:n:OAOyta.; TUXWV uouvaTi!an 10.; nQOELQYi[lEVa; aitta; CmoAuaaa8m.
B~' rMt%:EIKA· rPAMMATIKA . %YNTAKTIKA
5&olloi; TIVOC; + TEA. anooeuc; = napaKaAW KonOlOV va ... aKOUW + yEV_ + KOT7JyOPIJ/-lQT- /-lTX- = eueon OVTlAl1lJiTj· (moJ.oYI~O!-l&VOue;: roortucq I-ITX· KO.TOOK&Urj; = cmvonon. be; tr6A!-Il'Jo& .... !-Iii uno!-l&v;&lv;: OeUT. ovocpop.-amoAoy. noor. OKouo&o901;: aVTIK. aTO O/-lW/-lOKomc;. IJIi UnOIJ&VEIV;: aVTIK_ aTO napaKEMuoao8m Tliv !pwvrjv: aVTlK. aTO UnO/-liVEIV. roic i5loj3oJ.J.0IJ&VOIe;: ernser. I-ITX., aVT1K_ aTO opyi(ewl. A6you TUVXOVW = anOKTW (Tuxoivw) TO OIKa[WI-I0 A.6you. 0 !pEUVWV = 0 «orrjvopoupevoc, anoAuolJOI = ortoxpoixo. TUXWV (", iav n1Xm: urroasr _ f-ITX- 1-18 cmooocn TO 6i5uvaIT/oT7 (npocoo KW !-lEVO) .
META~PA%H
Lae; naQaxaAc.O, UV'tQE; A811vaLOL, va 8EA~aETE va us cxouos- 1E ue EUf,l.£VELa va anoAoyoU~taL, avaAoYL~o~EVOL xru 'to [l£yE80e; LOU xLVMvou XaL TO nA~80s; TWV XaTllyoQlc.OV rrQoe; 'tlS; orroiec; nQEnEL va rotoAoYYi8c.O, xm tc TEXVaOf.l.ma XaL 1LS; E:rtLVoi!a€Le; LOU xaLlly6Qou XaL TIl OXAllQ6LllTa TOU, acpou amoe; 'toA~Yia£ va nQOTQE'4IEL av8Qc.Onous; nou EXOUV oQxLaTEL on 8a oxouoouv af,l.EQ6Allm:a XaL 'tOU; ouo ovuotxoi«; va f,l.Yiv oxoov ~E nQooox~ TIl q:JwvY! TOU xaTllyoQou~EVOU. KaL ama OEV to EL:n:E rot6 0Qyi!' yLmi. xavd; arto auLOus; nou '4IEuoov-tm OEV oQYL~ETm tvovtiov £XEI.VWV roue 0- nOLou,; ouxoqxrvtet aOLxa, OUTE EXELVOL nou AEVE TIlV aAi!8ELa EJ..UtOOL~OUV 'tOY xaLllYOQOUf,l.EVO va rotoxTi!aEL 'to oLxaiw~a va cetoAOY1l8d' yLmi.ll xaTllYOQLa OE ylvnm rotOOEXTi! cero TOUS; axQoaTEC; nQOLOu 0 xaTllyoQou~£VOC;, eqooov rotoxTi!OEL LO oLxaiwf,l.a va aJtoAoYl']8EL, OEV J..UtOQEOEL va arroxQOUOELTLS; XaTllYOQLE; nou EXOUV OLaTUnOJ8d oe ~aQo; 'tOU.
:!:HMEIA KAEIIIIA
• KaV = Kai tv
• r'lE,iouv KaBu7TQVQl
• on rrpoorjK€1 &XSiV;
sai noooeyav
• To 8tflOTo nou 0 AIOXiVTlC; KOU~eVTloae fl€ ro tWV JtQOflJtWV, tcp' oi)~ ~XOflfV (mOAll-
\jJO/lEVOL, xal JtEQL tWV illwv, a JtQoaEtU~mE UflEi~, bLESYlEW' 6 yaQ :JtEQm6~ xav tOI.c::; MyOLC::; bELvoc::; .6.11j.toa8£vllC::; OUbEVOC::; ';WV avayxaLWV E!lvija8rr xal 6il '>tal :JtEQL tiit; dc::; nUAa~ atQmElw; ebtov xcl :JtEQi tWV lEQWV xal :JtEQL L1EACPWV xal JtEQi tWV 'A!lCPLXTUOVWV, xul
j.tuAtata !lEV (PLAlJt:JtOV ij%LOUV !lil flEe' OJtAWV, aMa !lEta lIJijcpou xal xQLaEw~ ,;aXEI. xaEhmuvav Ei 6' aQa ).til buvmov cl·ll -tuum b' ~v JtQobllAov' to yaQ otQmo:JtEbov JtuQllV xal auvij8QOLom - elnov on tOV !l£MOvtU 'mEQ twv 'EAAllVLXWV lEQWV ~0l)AEUE08m JtoMilv :JtQoaijXEL JtQovOLav uJtEQ EuaE~cLa~ eXfLv xal tOL~ :JtfQl tWV JtatQlorv EYXfLQOUCJL bLbuax.ELV JtQOO£XfLV tOV VOUv.
(A1OXiv'l, nπ TT]" napanpEall&ia;~, 114)
B' rAflI::tIKA· rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA
npo&lntJ;)v: xpov. 1-fI)(. anoA.,IjIo!J&vOI; rex. 1-fI)(. 61&~n&lv;: nOPQTOT. TOU oleE,epX0/-lQr ('" 5lllYOUil0l I-IE: OKp[~E:La, I-IE: Xsrrropeperec). m:pITTo<;, -rl, -ov '" (YlO rtpocomc) 0 ~E:XWPlOT6e:;, 0 5l0tp0PE:TlK6C; orto TOUe:; 6MouC;. oulitvo<;:
OVTlK. OTO t!:Wr,08'1. !J&TO; IjIrl'l>OU Koi Kpio&w;<; TO npaY!JOTO Ko9ioTO!JOI '" TOKTOnOlW TO np6.YI1QTO OUl-ltpWVO 11E: Tl"'JV orroenon TOU 5IKOOTIlP[OU. &i; !J~ liUVQTOV &i.;, - OTI npOOrlK&1 txtlV: E:~oPTl"'Jl1evoc; unoesr. A6yoC; TOU rtpooooKWlleVOU (t!:civ 1-1'1 ouvarov fI ... ttpoonse: £xelV). TOI<; &YX;&IPOUOI;: euusoo 0- VTlK. OTO rrpoaexelv lilliaOKtlV: TE:A. onopel-ltp., OVTlK. TOU toic t!:yxslpouar.
META~PA:tH
Arpou JtQci.>ta d:Jta ALya YLa TOU~ oQXOl)C::; nou ijQ8U!lE va JtuQouus, exovc A6yo (om auvEXfLa) xm yta m uMa 8£!lam Jtou !lac::; bWOatE EvtOAij va XOU~EvtLUOOU!lE' ytatL 0 ~ExwQLatOt; xrn LXUVOC::; am MYLU L111j.too8£Vll~ bEV aVEcpEQE xovevn ceto m avayxaLa 8£!lma' !!LAllaa AOlJtOV xm yLU"Cl'jV ExoTQmdu orqv ITuAo xm YLa ro tEQU xm YLa LOUC::; 6.EAcpoV~ xm yw tou; A!lCPLKt1JOVE~ xm rtQoJtuvturv ~l1toUau cero to tEL XaL ElXE auyxEvtQw8EL - El:Jta OtL autO~ not: axoJtFuEL va «noqxrotoe, yta 'til £AAllvLXU LEQU JtQErtfL va CPQOvti,~EL JtOAU YLa rnv Eua£~ELa XaL vu O(VEL :JtQoaoxij a' amovc::; nou E:JtLXHQOVV vn LOU xrrvouv uJtobEl~ELt; CJXEnxu !lE m JtmQoJ'taQu6ma [8Qll0XEUtLXU] E8lj.ta.
61
IHMEIA KAEIl!.IA
• otoc npoy6vwv £(JTPQTT)yryKOTWV
• OUK cjJ€TO o€iv J..iy€!V = tjJSTO ou i'iEiv J..iY€IV
• H rurteivn KClToywY1'l KOl T] aOKT]OT] ~lonop(OTlKOll ertovyt"I-lCITOC; i5e; aTEpouv TOV no"iTT] 0- rto TO OlKOiWl-lo va I-lLAOel i5!1I-lOOla
• t:J.ev srtrrpertsrm va I-lLAOUV i5r1l-l00l0 curo! nou E:XOUV ~rioel OlOXPo.
62
nOIOI TTP&TT;&I; va IlIAouv &vwmov; TOU Aaou.
32
A'
KEIMENO
o A O'lMOWV 6 VOIl08ELr]£ OLaQQtlOT]v CutEO£LSEV aV£ XQl] 0T]1lT]YOQdv xal 01)£ oil OEI Mynv Ev'[0 Otlll'1J. Kal oux CutEAaUvH Cuto '[OU ~tlllmO£, Et'tL£ Ill] nQoyovwv eorlv EotQaLr]YT]xmwv uLo£, oubE yE d 'tEXVT]V trvc EQya~Etat EJLlXOUQwv tfI avayxatf,X tQocpfj, aAAa totrrou; xal llaALG1:a cwnatnm xal Ola toino nOAAaXl<; EnEQwt(t 1:L£ aYOQEVELV ~ovAEtm. T(va£ 0' oux CPE,[O oEiv MYElV; 'tOU<; aLOXQW£ ~E~Lwxma£' wmou£ O'IJX E(t OT]IlT]YOQEIV. Kol rtoi) tOU1:0 OT]AO[,; «6oXlllaoia», cpf]ot, «QT],[oQWV' EaV tl£ AEyn tv to Otll-l'1J '[OV nn,[EQa t'0JLtWV ~ 'ti]v 1ly]1:EQa, ~ Ill] '[QECPWV, f} [,li] naQEXCDV O'LXT]OlV», ,[OU'[OV OUX t(t AEYHV.
(AIOXiVl1, KOT(] TIIlOPXou, 27-28)
__ B' rAll%%IKA· rPAMMATIKA • I.YNTAKTIKA
"A ouvlliwv ... (lTTtli£I~£V: xupto rtpor. (TO Q [3p(OK£Tat crmv OPxrl n£pIOOOU Kat ovoeeperor aTO nponvouuevo 11£ crtorexeouc va eXEL XOOEL 'rnv cvccoPLKrl TOU onucoto). liloPPrllil')V = PllTO. oue; xP~ lil')l.H1YOp&iv; I Koi oue; ... tv T~ lirl ... ",: QUO nAOYLEC; EpWTrJJ.lOT. rtpor., aVTLK. 010 QTTi&I;~t:V. ui6C;: KOTrJYOPOUJ.l. aTO TiC;. npoyovwv: yEV. K1T]TLKr'j (KOTaywYrlc;). tmKoUpw Tn 6vayKOl9 TpOq>n = cpPovTi~w YLa TrJV ovnvxclo TPOn: aVTLK. 010 emKOUpWV. aon6~o ... al = unooexOI-'OL 11£ euveveio. &'j TIC; ... rI tOTIV I ei tpy6~£Tal - OUK an&AOUV;£I, aon6~&rol;, tm:pwT9: npOYl-'OTLKO. TIC; •.. POUA&TOI;:
OELIT. nAoYLa epWTrJJ.lOT. noor., aVTLK. 010 ent:pwT(l. AtY&IV;: TEA. ortooeue., unox, 010 cnpoc. i5t:fv. TOUe; aiOXPwC; (3&j3lwKomc; [OUK (j)eTO aerv AiyeLVj:
Kupla npor. tov ... 1-tYIl - OUK t9 AtY&lv;: a6plO'TT] enavOAl1lJJll OLO ncpov KO! TO l1eMov. rurrrov, ... ~ Tptq>WV, J.l~ noptxwv: evcvrueuor. J.lTX·
META4»PA%H
Aurc EnElOtl EiXE U1t01jJT] '[OU 0 VO[,108ELr]<; UnEOElSE [,lE xaLr]YoQT]llaUxO tQono noioi nQEnEl vu l.llAOVV EVWntOV'Wu Aaov xm 1t0l0l 0XL. Kat OEV anollaxQuvEl ana TO ~tllla xanOlOV eov OEV ELVat YLO<; 1tQOYOVCDV oTQaLr]YWV, OVTE EaV aoxEi xunoio EJLaYYEA~a CPQOvtLtovta£ Yla tn avayxaia Lr]£ ~CDtl~' avt18na, aUToU<; '[OU£ unOOEXETat us nOAAtl EUYEVEla xm YL' auto nOAAE£ CPOQE£ QwtUEl rtoto; 8EAEl va [,llAtlOEl. Krn rtoiot nLoTEuE on OEV nQEnEl va IlLAOVV; EXfLVOl non EXOUV ~r]OEl mOXQa' a' amov£ OEV EJLlTQEnEl va I-lLAOUV bT]uooic. Kat nov OT]AWVEL auto; AEEL, «ooxiunotc TWV QT]TOQWV' cay xanoLO<; [,ltAaEL EVWJLlOV '[OU Aaou EVW xrunaEL tOY nmEQa tl Lr] Ily]'tEQa '[OU, tl OEV WU~ tQECPEl, tl Of. 1:0U<; naQEXEL OTEYT]», 0' outov OEV Ent'[QEnEl va [,ltAa.
l:HMEIA KAEldlA
• &I..syov; we; dry,,, Kai xpftval
• dry TO eova (OTTlKr'j auvmE,ll)
• OUTWe; ... WaT" n.sl
• o<:oI6T.se; ... J1/j ...
• q;aaKwv .sioivOi Koi .sIVOI
• 01 tpeuv.s<; tOU ndaovl5pou KOL TOU XOPIK1l.r'j O)(£nKO 1.1£ rnv KOnTl TWV EpI.1IllV KOL Ol £KTtl.1r'joeic TOU<;
• H tjJUXOAOYIKi) KOTOOTOaT] TWV nOAlTCDV KQt 01 ouvi:n£Ii:c;
TI1<;
• H KOToyyeAio TOU iltoK1l.£ii51l
'Ep&uva; Via TIJV Konrj TWV EplAwv_
33
KEIMENO
·EJtHb~ bE tama tYfvEtO, IIEi,oavbQo~ xol XaQlx.A;fi~, Ovt£t; uev lWV ~rrnltWV, boxouvt£t:; b' tv tx.£ivqJ t4l XQovqJ EuVOUOtmOL dVUL 10 bij~, f)"EYOV cOt; ELf] to. EQya to. y£y£vrU..lfVa oux oAiyOJV o.vOQwv 6.AA' tnt. Tfi tOU bijflou x.maAUoEL x.ai. xQiivm EJtl~f]tcLV x.ai. !!ij nmiono8m_ KaL ~ nOA~ omcot; DlEX.£Ll0, 0001' EnEtb~ ~v ~OUA~V £Ls; 10 ~OUAEmijQLOV 6 x.ijQu1; av£tJtOl LEvm x.aL 10 OT]!!ELoV x.a8EAOL, t4l am0 OT]!!ELqJ i] !..lEV ~OUA~ £it; to ~ouA£mijQLOV nEl, 01. b' tx. Tf); 6.yoQ6.t; EcpEUyOV, bEbLOt£; E1£ 1::x.ao'tot; !!~ O'UMf]cp8Elf]- 'EnuQ8£L.; oUv -wi; tilt:;' nOA£co~ x.ax.ott:; £iOUYYEMH dlOX.Adbf]; cLt; ~v ~ouAijv, cp6.ox.cov dbEvoi rou; nfQlx.Cr4,avtU; mu; 'EQflCt.; xul, dvm amaUt:;' d; lQLUXOOi.ou;.
(AvliOKi15lJ. nepi TWV MUO"T'lpiwv. 36-37)
B' rl\Jl~~IKA· rPAMMATIKA . ~YNTAKTIKA
6VT&~, (50KOjjVT&~: eruser. I-ITX. ~IlTrIT~e; = epsuvnrnq, ovoxprmc; we; &ill; ... KOTOA.UO&I;: i5WT. eli5. rtpor., OVTlK. TOU iAEyov (11 rtpor. eKq>tpeTOll-le E:UKT. "TOU nAaYlOU A6you). eni Tn KOTOA.UO&I;: £l-InpoS_ npoociop. TOU oxonou. Xpi\VOI: elO. oncpeuo., aVTlK. cro iAeyov ("TO iM:yov OUVTaOO£TOl eow IJ£ £1i5lKt'j rtoor, Kat £li5lK6 crtnpeurp. nou OUVC5eOVTOl I-I£ToE;0 TOU<; 1-1£ TO Kai [nap6.MoE;ll 00- V"TOE;ll<;]). &n;&I;(51'1 ". clvElnol iivol / Koi ... Ka8tAOI: Mo i5WT. xpov.-unoSeT_ npor. (o; WK"TlKe~ enaVaAllffilK8<;)' onoooon TO nel (OOPlOTf] £naVOAllliJll oro nopeA-Sov). clV£lnOI: WKT_ cop. W TOU avayopeuw. Ka8a,pw TO 01l1J&IOV; = KOTe~a~w Tf] onpclo. IJ~ ouAA'1q>8&11l: i5€UT. svootcor. npor., aV"TlK. Tf]~ atnOA_ I-ITX. &Ql0Te;<;. &nop8;&1C;: omox. I-ITX· &ie; TploKoafoue;: KOTllyop001l.
METACI»PA~H
Acpoo EYlvav cnrto, 0 IIELoavbQo; xru 0 XUQLXAij;, rtou ijwv uno lOU; £QEUVfjtf; xru 8fWQOUvtav Ott TYJV ItfQi.obo £X.fLVfj ijtav noAU £UVO'CXOL nQo; 'to bf]!!Ox.Qmlxo nOAll£U!!a, EAcyUV Ott rc EQya rtou fi.Xav YLVEl DfV ij'tuv Aiywv UvtQWv atJ..iJ. (Ei.xuv YLVEl) YlU TllV xata.AUOT] TYJt; D'YJflOx.Qmi.a£ x.m Ott fnQ£n£ vu EQ£UVOUV Xt a.AAO x.m va !!f] orcuornoouv, Km'YJ nOAf] ~Qlax.OtUV Of tElma x.ma.muOT], WOt£ X.a.8E CPOQa. noi: 0 x.ijQux.a£ nUQa.YYEAV£ va JtfJyuivouv ot ~OUAfU'tf£ OtO ~OUAEtrtiJQLO x.m xmE~u~£ TYJ OT]!..luiu, us TYJV i.bla OT]fluiu oi ~ouA£U'tE£ nijymvuv oro ~ouAfULijQlO, fVW or nOAl't£t; EcpEuyav ono tr]v uyoQa., ytatL 0 x.a8Evu; cpo~Otav !..lijnwt; O'UMf]cp8fL ITUQUXlV'YJ!!Evo; AOLJtOV coro U£ O'U!!CPOQft; TYJ; nOAf]£ 0 dLOXAEi.Df]; x.mayyfAAEL otr] pouAij, laxUQt~O!!£VO£ Ott YVWQL~EL aU'tou; rtou EXO'ljJaV La Xfcpa.AlU tWV EQ!!wV xru nwt; rnnot Elvm n£QLnou tQlUX.OOlOl.
63
IHMEIA KIIEIIl.IA
• E!,oi." awBivTI ...
KOK4J
• TOUT' ~ !'r7 OOKE:iv, dm !'oee;lv
• rwv YE:yelfl).I1ivwv ouOi:v
• warrE:p av Dvm
• Tt 8ewpei rno 01"]I-10VTIKO a AvoaKiaile:
• nau orrooio!:1 rnv Komi TWV Ep!lwV
• TI MEl ym 'rnv KOH1- 8£.m'j Tau
• nOla etvm T] a~(wm'j TaU
64
npoono9&IO; VIO TIW OTTOKaTOOTOO"Il TIl<; unOAIlIjII]<;.
34
A-
KEIMENO
'EI1-0\' yo.Q, W aVbQES;, ToubE '[OU 6.yWVOS; 'tOUT' EO'n l1-£ytOTOV, OW- 8£v'tt 11-~ bOXELV xax(jl elvoi, Eha 6£ xaL 'to'US; aAA01JS; artaVLa£ l1-a8ELV on OUtE I1-E'tU xaXLas; OUtE 11-H' 6.vavbQLas; oubEI1-LUS 'twv YEYEV1W£VWV rt£rtQaxtaL Urt' EI1-0U oubEv, 6.AAO_ bLu O1JWPOQuv YEYEVl]I1-£VllV l1-aALma I1-EV LfI rtOAEL, Eha b£ xal lJI1-LV, slnov bE a. iJxouoo EUcptAijtOU JtQOVOL<;:t I1-EV tWV O1JYYEVWV xni 'tWV cpLAwv, JtQOvote 6t Lfis rtOAEW£ uJto.0l]S, I1-Et' 6.QEtl)S 6.AA' OU I1-E'tU xaxlas, WS; EYro VOl1-ltW_ EL oirv oirro»; EXEL taum, o0tw8al ts 6.1;tw xaL boXELV UI1-LV EIvaL 11-~ xaxoS. ¢>£QE b~ (XQ~ yaQ, w avbQEe;, Ctv8QwJti.VWS; JtEQl. tWV JtQaYI1-o.twv ExAoyi.1;w8aL, WOJtEQ av a1JLOV ovtu EV LfI O1Jl1-cpoQ(x) tL frv UI1-Wv 1:xa01:o<; EJtOtl]OEV;
(AVi50Kfi5~, n£pf TWV MUOT'lPfwv, 56-57)
B- rAJlEEIKA· rPAMMATIKA . EYNTAKTIKA
TOU aywvoc;: yE:.V. OlOlPE:.T. am toiito. ~tYIOTOV: KOTllYOPOUJ1. aTO TOUr'. ow· eSVTI: xpov. I-ITX. aUVllJ1J1· aTO tJ-loi. ~r't ~OKEiv, ~a9Eiv: E:.nE:.~IlY· aTO mUro. KO' K@: KOTllYOPOUJ1. (KaVOVlKQ ertpene va T£ed oe ammo yLQ va aUJ1q>wvr'jael J1e TO E:.W. unox. TWV onooeue. tJ-lt· OJ1WC; onacrn tA~1l ana TTl OOT. npoawn. TOU KpIVOVTOC; npootortou euo! KOl Tt81lKe oe OOTIKr;). elver: £LO. anaptJ1tp., OVTLK. aTO J-lit i50KS[V. TWV VEVEVI"J~tvWV: yev. OIOlp£T. ana TO oui5tv. un' &~OU: nOIIlT. omo. eirrov ~t· npovof~ ... ~£Ta KaKfac;: OeUT. E:.IOIKr; noor., OVTlK. aTO l1a8sfv. £iVai: £LO. ortcpeuq», OVTLK. aTO i5OKefv, TO ortoio elvoi T£A. onop£l-Itp., OVTlK. aTO
a~l(i). «ptPE ~I't • ri av &nofl;"Jo£v: KUPIO rtpor., eu8do £PWTTlOfl (TO qepe oit
1-1£ rtporperrruoj orjpnoin). wGnep av ovrc: ornoxov, I-ITX. (LjJeuor;c; ornoxovto).
META$PAEH
r
nULL Yla usvo, o.VtQE<;, an' au'tij Ll] bLXl] mrro ELVaL 'to oxoubmmEQo, acpou ow8w vc 11-l] cpaivol1-aL OE oas; all Ell1-m xaxQ.;;, £rtELLa xm oAm oi o.AAOl vc ~o.80uv on otrts I1-E xaxia OmE ~E avavbQLa XUI1-lo. bEV £XH uno l1-£va nQaX'tEi tinotc coto ooc £Xouv YLVEL, aAAo. E~aLtias; O1Jl1-cpoQCts; non £XEL O1JI1-~EL crnv nOAl] l1-aS rt(lwtc XaL XUQla, £rtELta XaL a' EI1-o.S, XaL ott EiJra ama rtou axouoa ano 'tOY EucpiAl]'tO eero Evbtacp£Qov Yla rou; O1JYYEVELS; XaL tOUe; CPlAouC;, cero EvblacpEQOV YlU rnv rtOAl] OMXAl]Ql], I-lE aQE'tij XaL 0Xl I1-E xaxia, oJtWS EYW VOl1-i~w. Av AOLrtov £-cm EXOUV amCt, £XW Ll]V a1;iwOl] vo ow8w XaL vc cpaivol1-aL OE oae; mlbEv ELl1-aL xaxOe;. A<; bouI1-E AOUtoV (YLULL nQ£rtEL, o.VtQES;, I1-E av8(lwmvl] 01JJ..Uto.8ELa va ox£WVTO, T&TPOAoyio;, A', (!, 5-6)
B~ rMlI.I.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • I.YNTAKTIKA
anelKWC; T1 cmeoIKwc;, -uio, -OC; = nopoxovoc, nOPQi5o~OC;. awpi TWV VUKTWV = opya TTl VU)(To. nAavwlJevov: xpov. 111)(· tni role iIJOT10IC;: el-lnp68. npoai5l0p. TOU oxonou, nepli5uoaVTec;: KOTTlYOPIWOT. 1lTX· ei £ KA~poC; = Tl KATlPOvouic OlEKOlK8lTOL evromov TOU V0l-l0U. J.I~ SIVO': ono TO OlOJ-Iaprupf/ool. TOV KAfJpov: unox. TOU J-Ir] elva: &nii5IKov;: KOTT]YOPOUI-l. OTO r6v Mr,pOV. we; ou· aile;: y8V. onox., OlTlOAOY· I-lTX- (unoK!Kr') OlTlOAOY.). 8UYOTp6e;: urtox, TOU ocOf]C;. nuppI!l: OOT. rtpootort. KTT)TLKr,. OU: y8V_ KOTT]YOPTlI-lOT- KTT]TlKr'). tmaKrlrrrouci = (w~ OlKOVlK6~ oooc) KlVW oywyr') yLO \lJW00l-lopTupio. n&plqlOVWC; = aVGI-l A;wv bE fOTLV EnaLVElV 'rilv !J.Ev nOAlV TJWDV Uis; nQOatQEOHOS; EVEXEV, 'to nQOI::AE08at O!J.OLa xnl EtL OE!J.vOLEQa xaL XaMtOJ 'trov nQo'tEQOV airrf1 ntnQayw:vOJv, 'tOils; OE 'tELEAE1JTI]XOLW:; nis; avoQdac; nic; EV'tqJ noAE!J.C[l, 'to [l~ xmatoxDvaL 'tac; rcov nQoy6vwv aQELaC;, "tOY Of OLQaTI]Yov AEOJoBEVl1 Ola aWPO'tEQa' tils; rs yaQ nQOatQEm::OJS; slonYIl'rils; 1fI nOAa EYEV£1:0, xal nic; OLQmd,aC; TJYE!J.Wv 'tOlS; nOAtLaLl::; xc'tEOTI] , IIEQ!, !J.Ev OllV tils; nOAEOJS OtESU~Vat 'to KaB' EKamov mv nQo"tEQOV ncwav 'rilv 'EAAaoa EUEQYETI]KEV oUtE 6 XQOVOS; 6 naQwv lxavoc;, oiite 6 XatQOS aQ[lOnOJv 'tq) !J.axQoAoYElv, OUtE Q¢OLOV Eva ovLa toornm«; Kat TI]AtKamaC; nQaSElS; EnEA8ElV xal !J.VllflOVEUOat-
B' rAn:t:tIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA
tnolveiv: Tei\. oncocuc., unoxsiu. rnc ortpoo. EKcppaOr]!:; 6';iOV ian npoofpeale; = emi\oyi), ortoeoon. npoolpoU~OI = eKi\tyw, onoq>aa[~w. TO rrpoe.\tOeOI, TO ~r1 KOTOIO){UVOI: meSllyi)OEL<;- TWV nenpoy~tvwv sruasr. IJT)(- oe 8£011 ve«. OUYKPlTlKi]c: ana ro OE:jJVOTE:PO Kat KaM.iw. otiri'J: OOT. TaU rromr. atT[OU. Tile; npoolptOtWc;, Tile; OTpOTeioe;: yev. aVTlK/KtC; oro d01")Y'1T1)C; Kat rjYE:jJWv. TO ortoto elvOl «rmvopouuevc. ~lt~tPXO~OI = i5lIlYOUIJOl j..le MmoIJEpelec;, ~lt~ltVOI: oncpeurp. TllC; cvccoooc aTO iKOVOC;. IiIv (TO ni\i]pec;: TOUTwva [ti\SIl ovcoopecoul): aUaTOlXO aVTlK. ap~6TTwv: KOTTlYOPT1IJQT, j..lT)(. aTO ev«. eon. Ttil' lJoKpoAoy£iv: aVTlK. aTO apuotror« .. &n;&Aeeiv;, ~VIWOV£U- 001: Tei\. anapEj..lq>., unox. TOU onp6a. p¢oi6v [eon],
METACI>PA:tH
A~Ll;EL va tnaLVOU!J.E tllV nOAll !J.as; YLa TI]v anocpaoiJ 'tllS;, [vux] to O"tL 0111... anocpamoE LOLa KaL aXO!J.ll ruo a:rwuoata KaL mo EUYEvij uno EKEtVa nou EiXav nQax8EL an' au"d] OtO naQEA80v- tou; OXOtOJ!J.EVOUS; [asil;EL va €1taLVOU!J.E] Yla TI]v aVOQEta roue OtOV noAE!J.O, [vio] to OLl OllA- OEV vtQomaoav LtS aQELES tOJV nQoyovOJv, XaL to O'tQa"tllYO AEOJ08fVll KaL YLa La Mo: YtaLt XaL ELOl]yij8llKE otrrv nOAll TI]v anocpaOl] XaL obijYllOE tOus; :rtoALtES; rrtnv EX0tQa'tela. LXELtKa !AE TI]v not..l1 Aomov OmE 0 tOJQLVO£ XQOVOS ElVaL uQXHOS; yta va avacp£QOJ !AE AEJtto!J.EQELES xa8E!J.ta XOJQw'ta coro ns; EUEQYWLEt; nou uutri nQoocpEQE OLO nUQEABov OE OAll"tllv EAMba, otrts II nEQLO'taOl] 'taLQtal;EL OTI] !AaxQoA.oyLa, omE sivrn EUXOAO Eyw rtou EL!J.aL Evas; va nQaY!J.aLEULW KaL va avaxat..foOJ 0TI] !J.vij!!ll oas; rooo nOM€£ xru 't000 [lEyaAES; nQaSELS.
};HMEIA KIIEIt.IA
• [6pwv] rr)v n6AIV i5eop{;lII7v
• [6pwv] rr)v EMcii5a (&o;!1elll7v] nosso»;
• ttpoctnvtu rr;e; nveuovicu;
• (err{;i5wKS) TryV rroAiv rok; 'EMl)olv
• TOUe; nptotouc aVTImE,apevoue; tviKI)Oe
• Tt t~Aenc 0 /\twcr8!':VT]C: Kat Tl tKOVE
• H EnlTux[a TOU oro nsolo TIle; ~6.XTlC:
EYKWIlIO Via TO I\EWO'etVI').
39
KEIMENO
Afwo8EVYj; yaQ ogmv 'rijv 'EMUba n;{lOaV TfLan:fLVWf,LEVYjV Xal XUTf9apjJ£vl1v, 15&ojJ;&Vl1v;: KaTl1yoprllJOT. ~_ ana TO opWV_ uno TWV 5wP0i50KOUVTWV: E:I.mpoe. rtpocoiop. TOU rtomr. ornou, KaTo TWV naTpl5wv: eunooa. npoootop. nou 511AWVE:1 TO E:VaVTLOV_ avi5p6<;, n6A&w;<;: OVTIK. OTO Seouevnv. ~TI<;_ .. IiY&jJOVIO;<;: 5WT. OVQLPOp_ - TE:AlKrl rtpor, npooT,;vOI: oncpcuc. aop. TaU npotataucu. TfJ<; liY&jJovla;<;: aVTLK. oro npoamvoi . ., ~&VIKr;, i5UvajJl<; = a IJLOeOqJOPlKOC; crpcroc. eourov (ou.), Tn naTpii51 (tlJlJ·), TI'JV n6Alv (alJ·), TOIC; "EAAIlOIV (euu.): aVTLK_ TOU eneOWKE:V. &i;<; TI'JV i:A&u9;&piov;: E:1_mpoe. npooorop. TOU oxortou, OUOTI100jJ&VO;<; (= end ooveoinoatoi, KaTaoTo<; (ene! «areaT7]): )(pov. ~_ Tn i:A&u8;&pl4;1: aVTlK_ mo TOUe; aVTlm';Qj.1eVour:;. BOIWTOU<;, MaK&Mvo;<;, Eu~o£o<;, TOU<; oUjJjJOXou<;: eneE;rl'fitcrele; aTO TOU~ tuxbtouc; aVT/TQ';aj.1{;vou~.
r-. META4tPAI.H
Tum o Afwo8EVYj; xa8w; E~A£1tE OTL OA1111 EAAu6a ~mv tnJtHVWf,L£Vll XaL xmwLgaf,L[l£VYj ceto amou; nou {)wgO()OXOUVTav ano LO pOVW = rtepnooveuouca. ToiC; "HAIlOI: OOT. aVTLK!Ktl OTO KOlltrlV. jJeve: OUOTOLXO OVTIK. tn! Tii i56~n. tni T@ npOTrEIV: ellnp68. rtpoo- 5Lop. TIle: orrtcc, TaUTIlC;: yev. on6 TO Q~ta. TWV 'EAAr]vwv, TWV pappopwv: yev. aVTLK/KtC; ana TO noootatac Kat Seottata«; OVTLOTOLxa. rrpoornroc, i5&anOTa;<;: KaTllYOPOU~. aTO eauTOUC;. Ka910ToVTEt;: ornoxov. ~T)(. tmTI')i5Euw = emi'5LwKw, aOKW. My,!), tpV,!): 50T. TOU rponou.
METACIlPAEH
OL n:Q6YOVOL f,la<;, XUQLOL 6LXaOtE<;, cxouvovtce; mrto "tU nm'ijf,laLa XaL rtQoona8wvtae; vo f,lLf,l1l80uv tu tetotou Ei60ut; (cno tn) £Qya, "t60T] yEwaL6tT]La En£cELl;av, WOLE Em8u!.touoav va oxotoiVOvtUL 6XL uovo YLa tT]v nmQL6a roue ana XUL YLa OAOXAT]Qll mv EMu6a us tT]V L6£a ou ELVUL XOLV'ij [naLQL6a]. 'EtOL Aom6v mrtot rtou oro MaQa8wva naQaniXTllxav 010 f,laXll evovnov ttov ~aQ~aQWV VLXT]Oav 1:0 OLQat6 [noo 11Q8£] ceto 6AT] Tllv Aoto, anox'twvta<; f,lE nQoowJtLXOUe; XLVi)UVOU<; aocpaAELa XOLvYj YLa 6Aoue; aVEI;ULQ£"twe; rotx; 'EAAllVEe;, uJt£QllcpavEu6f,tEvOL 0XL Yla Tll Msa TT]<; UAA.a YLatL exovcv [£Qya] aSLa amfj<; [LIle; 66l;a<;], xa8we; YLVOvtaV rtQoOLatEe; tWV En'ijvwv XaL acp£vtEt; torv ~aQ~aQwv' YLmt uoxoucov TT]v aQEul 6Xt ue AOYLa aAAa LIlV £6ELxvav OE 6Aoue; !.tE £Qya.
:!:HMEIA KIIEIAIA
• me:; ttpovoiac Koi nilv epywv a~iw<:;
• exert: rei WpJo/JE:vo ... onouvnuaro «at nopooeivuora
• olO/Jw/J6KQTS KrSvsiv
• Mr, oieoee &lVOJ;, j.1r, Mrypovo/Jsiv
• rwv OUGlWV MrypOVO/JOI
• 01 cmoooosrc ooc rtpertsr va E1VQI 0- fJOIEe; Kal OUfJqlWVEe; 11' aUTE:e; TWV ncoyovwv one
• Tt unoost va one ~OI)8~0E;1 OTIe; oneqlOOele; occ
• To ljJ~CPIOfJO TOU Ll.1)fJocpavTou 5f:OIlE:UE:l TT)v cnoocon coc Via TDV npooom
TI)C; nmpi5ae;
nOIOI "'OVOI emj3aMouv TI]V KaToC5fKI] oe 8i1vOTO TOU rrpoC50TI] TI)C:
TTOTpiC5ac;.
41
A;
KEIMENO
'EvttuI1Ei08E "tOlVUV, ill aVOQEt;, tilt; JtQovoiat; m'ln:TJt; xaL "t(DV EQYWV a~iwt;, xall1l] EmAav86.vwSE EV LfI 'Vijqxp olrov av6Qwv EXYOvot so'rs, aMa JtaQaXEAE'lJWSE U[.llv aumit; oJtw<; o[.lota Exdvott; xaL aXOA01)Sa EV LfI Ttll1EQOV TJI1EQ~ E'VTJCPLOI1EVOL EX -COU olxao'tllQLo1) ESlLE. 'Yrrouvqucto, 0' £XELE xaL naQaodYl1ma LfJt; EXElVO'U 1l11wQLat; La EV LOi<; nEQL LCDV aOLXOUVLWV 'VTJcpiol1amv cOQlOI1Eva' OLOI1WI10XmE 0' EV 'to 'VTJCPLOl1ml L0 llTJ[.locpaVL01) KtEVEiv 'tOV -cTJV nmQL6a JtQ06L60VLa xaL A6y<.p xat £QY<.p xaL XELQL Xal1lJijcp<.p. Mt) yaQ OtW8E LWV I1EV OUOLWV at; av 01 nQoyovOL xmaALnW01 XATJQOvouor elvoi, 'tWV bE oQxwv xai LfJt; JtLOLEWt; ~v £60oav 01, naLEQE<; Ul1wv ... , LaULll<; 6E I1TJ XATJQOVO[.lElV.
(AUKOUPYOU, KaTO A&WKPOTOUC;, 127)
B' rAn:U:IKA· rPAMMATIKA • XYNTAKTIKA
nilv tpywv = TWV OOlKllllop. npor., uno«, TOU QV uttoueiveu: (11 avooplKf) Tlle; onuccic, enEloli ovoq>epETOl UTa ertouevc). TOXU V& = (ElpWVlKO) vpnvooo ~e~Ola. noAiTol, ~&VOl;, cplAol: KOTllYOPOuJ-l. UTO oi TOIOUTOI. oi ii5l~ cpiAOI = or npootornxot q>(A.01. TWV oya9wv, pOIl9&iac;: aVTlK. UTa l1E:ei~ouatv KQl Q~uiJaouOl OVTlUTOlXa.
['1-' META.PAI.H
AXAa 0 AEwxQatl']C; EXEL bfL~£L rooo 'U1tEQ~OAlXrl 6ElA.La, coors EYXa-tEA.H1lJE tl']v llmQLba L01J Ot01J; EX8Q01J~. Tt' atrto A.OL1tOV xo~ua 1l0All o£v tou E1tE'tQE1jJE va S£L a' a'U1;liv W~ IlE'tOlXO;, aA.A.a 'tOY E6lwxvav l1EQloamEQo xm ceto 101J~ cpovLao£;, xm EUA.oya· YLmL
mrtol rtou X(ltl']yoQouvtm YLa oovo, nv nove oe aA.A.l11tOAll, bEY EX01JV EX8QoU~ atrtoU~ 1t00 't01J~ 1J1toOEXUlXav ornv rtOA.l1 tou; - E~aA.A.o'U mrrov 1tOLa 1tOA.ll 8a 'tOY bEx6tav; YLm( atrto~ nou b£ ~o~- 8110E tl']v lla1Qlba 1OV, [atrto~] YQrlyoQa ~E~ma 8a unooouos va 1)rtootst XMOLOV xlvb1JVO ym 'tl']v ~EVlJ rtOA.YJ! Tun] xm xaxoL 1tOAL-tE;
xm [xoxot] ~EVOL xru [xoxol] 1tQOOW1tlXOL cpLA.OL £Lvm oi av8QW1tOL atrtou 'tOO ELboo; 1t00 8a !lE'taOXOOv ore aya8a 'tTfr; 1tOA.",,~, DE 8a XQLVOOV OIlW~ [rnv 1tOAll] a~La YLa ~orl8Ela atL~ MaxOAE~ 01LYIlE;.
IHMEIA KAEIl>IA
• [A£ysTQI} TOU, Q..l.Aou, oounotu.
evo i5e TlVO." rpepelV
• rou, Q..l.Aoue;.. ('1-
rOOvrae;
• eva Tlva opwvro ... apouevov
• opwvra rov rTarepa. .. DVTa, OUX; i5uVOI1e:vov ... dMa tyKOTaJ..°11{30VO/1f:1I0V·
• TOUe; 1101'100I1eVOUe; Koi TOUe; eYKOTaJ..Irrovroc onoA£aOm
• H i:KPI")~ll TT1e; AiTvee
• 01 cvnopcoeic TWV av8pwnwv
• H mOIJT] evoc VEOU
- H nePIKUKAWm'j TOU an6 TI") Aol3a
• H creon ,wv 8ewv antvovT! moue; EVOPETOUC;
01 el:oi I3polll:uouV TouI; I:v6pI:TOUI; avepwnOUI;.
43
KEIMENO
AEYEWt youv EV LlXEALc;t tit Tii~ AhVY1£ Qvaxa JtUQO£ YEVE08m· toirtov 6E QEiv cpaOLV btl, Lilv O:Ml]V XWQav xal, e~ xaL nQo£ nOALV LLVa tWV EXEL XatOtXO'U~H~VWV_ Touc !lEV OUV O:MO'US oQ!ly]om nQos q:ruy~v Lilv amwv Owtl]QLav ~l]'toiJvta<;, Eva eE tivc 'tWV VEW'tEQWV, oQwV'ta tov natEQa nQEO~'0tEQOV ovtc 'XaL ouXL eVVc1.!lEVOV 6.noxwQEiv aMa EyxmaAa!l~aVO!lEVOV, 6.Qc1.[.tEVOV CPEQEtV. OgLLO'U 15', 01- !lm, nQoOYEvo[.tEVOU xaL amos tYXaLEAijCP8l]_ "08EV e~ xaL astov 8EwQy]om to 8ELOV, mt 'tOL~ 6.veQc1.OLtOLs 6.ya80L<; EU!lEVW£ EXEL AEyE'tm yaQ X'0XAl{) 'tOV ronov EXELVOV nEQtQQEiJom 'to :rt1JQ xaL ow8ijvm totrtoo; uovou;' tou£ bE 'taXELav Lilv CutOXWQl]OLV norqoouevoi«; xaL toU£ E.a'U'twv yovEa<; anaV'ta<:; tyxmaAlJtoV'ta<; 6.noAE08m,
(hUKOUpyOU, KOTl] h£WKpirrOU<;, 95-96)
B' rAn:E:EIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :EYNTAKTIKA
puo~ nupo<; yiYVETCI = E;exuvETOl nuoivo PUQKL rrupoc: ve«. TOU nepl£xolltvou, KOt 151'1 Koi = KOlllcwCITa_ TWV KOTOIKoulltvWV: ernser. iJIX- os stOll yev. OlOlPsr. OPlltjOOI, q>tp&IV;: elo. oncpeuo., urtox. TOU evv. onooo. MYITQl. OVTC, (5uvall&VOV;, &YKoTcAallPaVOll;&VOV;: «rrrjvopqprrr. iJIX· ana rnv ornoxov. iJIX· OPWVTQ_ &YKotoAollPOvollm; = KITraAalll3uvollOl oe evav rono, neplKuKAwvollaL. cipOll&VOV; (= ene: r7paro): xpov - iJIX. OUVf)JlJl. CITO tVQ T1VQ. npoovsvopevou (= enE:15r, npoOE:yeVE:TO): yev. cnox., omoxov. iJIX. oBev (51'1 Kat a~lov BewptjaOI TO B&IOV; = orro aUTO KUp(WC; aE;l~el va Kp(V£;l Kavelc; TOUe; SeouC;. TOX&iov;:
KClTTlYOPOUIl- cinoAtaem: £;l15. anapellqJ·, urtoxeiu. TOU ew. onooc. PTlJl. MY£TOt
METAClJPA:EH
AtYEtm '1La 1tagc1.eELY!lU on 0Ll] LLXEALa SExU8l]xE orto Ll]v AL'tva :mJQtvO Q'Uc1.XL- mrro /..EVE on tQEE OLl]V aMl] XWQa xm [.tMLO"ta nQos xcmma nOAl] ana amES; stou XmmXoUVTaL EXEL [= Ll]V KetoVl]]. TmE AolJtOV OAOt ot &.Mot aQ/ll]oav YLa va cpVyouv, ava~l]'tWvta<; t'll Owtl]QLa toix, EVat; O!lWs cero rou; veotepouc, xa8w~ E~AEnE OLL o 1tmEQa<:; "tau ~'tav YEQOS;, [on] eEV !illOQoUOE va anoxwQijoEL XaL nEQtXUXAwvmav [ana TI"] A&.~a], orpou rov o'ijXWOE 'Pl]A&. 'tOY ECj)EQE [croix W!laut; 'tau]. E:rtELe~ O!lWt;, xma TI"] YVW!ll] !lO'U, nQoOtt8l]xE CPOgLLO, XaL amo<:; nEQtXuxAc.i.l8l]XE. Ano ouro XvgLW<:; aSL~Et va XQLVEL xavEL<; roue 8E0'0£, on el]Aa6~ 6t6.xELV'tm !J.E 0'U!illa8ELa JtQo£ toix EVc1.QEtaut; av8Qwnou~_ AEYEtm el]Aaeij on. l] cpwtLa nEQtX'0XAwOE tOY rono EXELVO XaL ou oW8l]xav uovo rnrtoi' aV'tL8ELa oAm Exdvm nou anoxwQl]oav ygijyoQa XaL EyxmEAEL'PaV 'taus; yOVElt; 'tOO xa8l]xav-
73
:!:HMEIA KAEllllA
• oiuoi: OE; eii5ivQI
• onb:rcIVQv: YVWI-UKOe; copicroc
• ooi ... cpiAo!
• ooi... YCVOIl£VqJ
• t~E:OTI... (ryv [oe]. .. noooxovouvra ... txovro ... «apnouuzvov
• To xpeoe; rtpoc TrJV rroroioo g[VQl QVWrepo ana TO ;WEOe; rtpoc TIl '1llALa
• npOTQOT) TOU AYlloLAQOU ere apvaj3a~o
74
o AYrJofAaoc; nporsfvet OTO (j)apvapa~o va flaEI pe TO Il&POC; TOU_
A'
KEIMENO
'0 CE 'AYllOLAao~ XQOVql nOTE slnsv 'AJJ..' ol[lm [lEV OE, W ¢laQva~a~E, dCEvm ou xa\' EV taLc; 'EAAllvlxal~ nOAEOl ~EVOL o.AA~AOL~ YlyvOvtm av8QronOL. OUtOL 6£, otov ai n6AH~ nOAE[lLm YEvrovtm, ouv mL~ nmQLOl xal, wi~ E~EVro[lEVOLC; nOAqwuOl xal, av oiJtro ruxroow, EOtLY on: xa\' o.nfXtELVaV aAA~AO'U~. KaL Y][lEi~ ouv viiv ~aOlAd 'tlp lJ[lEtEQ0 nOAqwuV'tE~ nrrvm Yjvayxao[lE8a 'to. ExEivO'U noAEflla VO[lL~HV- OOL yE flfvtOL epLAOL YEvf08m nEQ\' naV'toC; av nOLllOaL[lE8a. KaL si uev aAAa~a08a( OE ECH aV'ti. oEOn6w'U ~aOlAfroc; y]fla~ oEOnowc;, OUX &..v Eyroyf am (J'lJVE~OUAE'UOV' virv 6£ £~EOtL am [lE8' Y][lWV YEVO[lfV0 [lllCEVa noooxuvouvrc [lllDE cwnoTllv Exovta ~~v xaQnOU[lEVOV TO. ornrtou,
(=evotpWVTa, EMI)VIKC, I:J:, 1, 34-35)
B- rAnXXIKA· rPAMMATIKA . XYNTAKTIKA
0&: unox. TOU eibevcu. aM~AolC;: OOT. aVTlK/Krl aTO .;evol. role i:~EVWlJtvOIC;: ernser. I-ITX., aVTlK. aTO TIO},EJ.10Uac. ~Ev601J01, -OUIJOI = vivourn (jJLAOC; ue KQnOlOV. OTOV ytvWVTOI - noA&lJouol; I av TUXWOI - antKT&IVOV;: KQl 01 5uo unoser. "-0YOl 511"-wVOUV TT]v copurrn enaVaA.'lllJll aTO ncpov KUl aTO l1eMov. tarlv OT& = J-leplKtc; .Elloc; Kat vrcn
o EupUTTTOAEII0C; um:poQaO'U~ouAc.p tEttaQUXOVtu xuL Ema 'tQL~QWLV o.v£AEaElm rou; vauayou<;, ol M oux o.vElAoVtO, Elrc vUV tT]v clttov xmv~v EXOUCJLV EXELVWV lCLq. aucorovtcov, xaL o.VtL tii~ tors CPLAavElQWJti.a<; vuv UJt' Ex£i.VWV rs xaL tlVWV UAAWV ErtL~OUAEUO!lEVm XLVOUVEUOUCJLV o.noA£a8m».
(=tv0'l'wvro, EM~VIK6, A-, 7, 16-18)
B'· rIUlXXIKA· rPAMMATIKA • XYNTAKTIKA
Ta IJtv--- Ta 6& . __ Ta 6& = coevoc, ._. coerepou. .. TEAOC;_ KaTl1yop~awv, unepcnoxovqcopsvoc, aUIJj3ouA£uawv: TeA. I-IT)(. OVTOe;: evovruoucr. jlT)(- auVlljljl. aTO nE:p[KAEOuC;. ounilv, OTi IJ&T;&TT;£IOOV .. _ ulJiv (eloIKfj): aVTLK. TOU KQTTJYOpW. j3ouAolJ&VOue;: ernser. I-IT)(. TT&lJnW; YPOIJIJOTO '" aTEAVW ernoroxn Kat ue aULf] avayyt-Mw. tTT&Ta;~ov: cop. TOU emraaotttua. aVOlpoulJOI TOUe; vauayoue; = neplouMtyw TOUe; vcuovouc. KOIV~V T~V OiTIOV txw = KCl1T]vopouum ana KOlVOU [I-Ie xonorovl. aIJOpTOVTWV: yev. ortox., evovruoucr. f-IT)(-
METACSIPAXH
'YOtEQa a.rr' auto. acpou aVE~TJXE oto ~~f.!a 0 EUQum6Aqw<; einE YLa UJtEQaOJLLOTj trov atoutT)ywv to ES~<;: «AVE~TJXa 0' auto 'to ~~!la, uvrQEe; A81lvaLOl, UCPEVO~ YLa vc XatllYOQ~OW 'tOY I1EQLxA~, av xrn ELvm O'UYYEV~<; xm ayaJtTJtO~ f.!0U, xm to ~LOf.!Eoovra to cpt- 1..0 !lOU, mpE'tfQOU YLa vc unEQuonLOW (1.UtOVC;, tEAOC; YLa va CJUf.!~OUAEuaw ooc VOf.!L~W OU EtVaL aQLOta YLa OAll tT)v nOAll- KatTJYoQW AOlnev amove; Ott !l£tEJtELOaV touS O'UVaQXOvrE~ tou; nou ~8£Aav va avaYYELAOUV f.!E £rtLatoA~ otT) BOUA~ xm a' wuc; on cuhasay to E>TJQafJ.fVTJ xm to eQamJ~ouAo vu JtEQLO'UAAfSOUV t01J~ vcuayou<; ue OaQavraECjl'ta tQL~Q£le;, aAA' uotoi OEV tou; JtEQLO'UV£AEsav- Kat OfJ.We; tWQu xatT)yoQouvrat uno XOlVOU, EVW EXELVOL (0 I1£QLXA~<; xm 0 ~LOf.!£covra<;) JtQonavrwv £Cjl'tatsav, xm O£ uvrcf.!0l~~ 'tTJ<; 'tOtE £uanAaxvLas roix; XLVOUVEUOUV tWQa va xa80uv, 6- VtU<; 8v!lma tll~ ErtLI30uA~<; xm EX£LVWV (rou BTJoaf.!EVll 'itm rou eQamJ~ouAou) xm f.!EQL'itWV aAAwv».
, 75
IHMEIA KAEIl!.IA
• Karal1aewv~ .. KaTOowow(OWVOC;
• TWV cpiAWV ... UTTlJpeTOUVTWV «ai OlQepo-
OUVTWV
• Ka! ... OU YlYVWOKOV-
TWV
• H creon TWV cv- 8pwnwv TOU 1II.J(Javopou aneVOVTI OTOV KaMlKpmioa
• KaTT]yople~ Kmo TT]~ rnopTT]~
• H ovrloooon TOU KaMlKpatioa
76
npoomi9&m; l.I&iwO;"r)C:; TOU Y0l'lTPOU TOU KaMIKpaTf~a.
46
'Ajo KEIMENO
Kma[.ta8<.Ov 6E uno tcov Aumiv6Qou CPlAWV xmaO"tama~O[.tEVOC;, OU [.tOVOV CmQoEhl[.t(OC; UJfl1QE"tO'UV"tWV, aAAa xaL 6LU8QooUV"tlOV fV"taLC; nOAEOLV OU AaxE6aL[.tovLOL [.t£YLO"ta naQanimOlEv fV T<9 ad 6LaAA6:t'tElV "toUC; vuu6.QXooC;, 110AAaXLC; aVE1lL'U)6ELwv yLYVOfl£VWV xaL CtQu ~UVLEV"tWV "ta vauuxa xaL UV8QWl1OLC; we; XQT]O"tEOV ou YLYvwoxovTUlV, CmELQOUe; 8aA6."t'U)e; n£[.t1l0V"tEe; xaL ayvGnae; TOLe; EXEL, xLv6uVEU-
OL£V TL rtofleiv 6La ToUTO, fX rotnou 6~ 6 KaMLxQmi6ae; auyxaAtoac; wuc; AaxE6m[.tovLwv fXEi l1aQaV"tac; fAEYEV airtoiC; "t0l6.6E.
(;;;EVOlpWVTa, EMIJVIKC, A', 6, 4)
"B' @ rAn:UIKA·, rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA
KaTCl..la900v (= enSIGn KGTejJa8s): ornoxov. ~., OUVT]I-lI-l. KaTaOTaOla~OI..l£voc: KOTIlYoPT]I1OT. ~. nrto TO KQTQjJa8wv. UnI'JP£TOUVT(o)V, i5IC9pOOUVTWV: ems. IlTX. OUVT]IlIl. oro n:i)v cpiAwv. OTI J\CK£i5CIIJOVIOI ... TO VCUTIKO Kci - OU YIYVWOKOVTWV .•. Toie; &K;£i: OEUT. EIO. rrpor., aVTlK .. cro OlQ8pOOUVTWV (T] npor. eKqJE:pETOl IlE EUKTIKTl TaU nMYlou il.6you £neloTl TO PTlIlO TT]C; nporcOT]e; e~6pTT]0T]e; elvOl xpovou lOTOPlKOU [eAsysv]). IJ&YloTa;: oUOTmxo OVT\K. i5laMclTTw = aAA6~w. &V; TIfI i5lcMcTT&IV;: qmpo8. npooorop. TOU rponou. YIYVOIJ&vwv;: yev. cmox., ornoxov, IlTX· aV£mTI'Ji5Eiwv: urtox. TaU YiYvojJevwv. ~UVI&VTWV;, YIYVWOKOVTWV: EmS. I-lTX., urtox. TaU YIYVOj.JCVWV. (cm) KIVi5UVEUOI&V; ... lilo roirro: O£UT. £lO. rtpor, (f3A. ttporjvouuevn elolKij). av9poonole; lilt; XPI10T&OV; [&OTi;]: nM.Yla epwTT]IlOT. rtpor., aVTlK. GTD ou YlYVWaKovTwv. XPI'JO'TtOV [&OTI1; = c5ef xpf]a8m. ntl..lnOVT&t;: crnoxov. ~. ouvnup. 9cAcTTI1C:;:
YEV' OVTlK!KTl GTO aneipouc. TI: aUaTOlXO aVTlK. OTO na8slv, TO onoio e(vQl TeA. ortopeue., aVTlK. TOU K[VOUVE:UO(Sv. &K; TOUTOU: £l1np68. rrpoooiop. TT]C; orrlcc, oUYKcAtoac; (= ens! auvsKCrAeaev): xpov. I1TX· ouvn 1111·
METACI)PA:tH
Kru EJtEL6t'j xm6.Aa~E xaM l1We; £~!;HaxE aV"tL6Qa.011 yta nOAmXoue; A6you~ ana TOUe; cpL"-oUe; TOU Auoav6Qou, OL onoiot aXL uovo UJfl1QETOuoav anQa8ufla, aAAu xm blf6L6av one; n6AELe; OTL OL AnxE6m[.tavlOL £nECpwv OE JtoM [.tEyUAO ocpaA[.ta IlE TO va aAM~ouv TOUC; vauaQXoue;, YLmi 110M£e; CPOQ££ ytvoV"tav [vauaQXOL UV8QWl1OL] aXU"t6.MT]AOL xm nou nQw ana AlYO unoxtouonv VUlrnx£e; YVWOELe; xm rtou 6EV t'j~EQav nwe; va J.!ETaXELQL~OV"tm rou; av8Qwnoue; (tn nAT]QW[.tata), ytatl £OTEAvav av8QwJtou,; XWQLe; nElQa"tT]e; 86.Aaooae; xm ayvwo"toue; a' EXEtVOUC; rtou U:rtT]QETouoav EXEl, XaL l1We; xLv6Uveuov va 116.90uv Xa.nOLO xaxa E~mT[ae; cnrtou, yt' mrto AOIJtOv 0 KaMLxQCI:ti6ac;, acpoo auyx£V"tQWOE ooou; (coto LOUe;) AaxE6m[.toVLOUe; ~Q[axoV"tav EXEL, "toue; tAEYE "to E~t'je; l1EQLnoo.
IHMEIA KIIEI.tI.IA
• eKaOnp elKE:C; rtpor. £K 'HQaXAEi xaL EbtELV' 'OQW 010, W 'HQuXAELS, UnogoDvm rtourv ooov E.nt tOY f3LOV 1:gcmn. 'Euv ouv E.]..lE cpLAY]V nOLY]oaIJEVOS, t~Y ~bL01:YJV tE xat Q¢atTjV Q{)OV U~W os, xaL 1:WV !J.EY u,gnvwy oilOEV6S UYEVOWS EOEL, 1:WY 6E xaAEnWY unELQo; oLaBLooOEL. IIQMOY !J.EY ya.Q OU noA£!J.WY oiloE lLQay!J.a1:WV CPQOvr:LELS, aAAU OXOlLOU!J.EYOS OL!~OEL lL ay XExaQlO!J.EvOV ~ OUlOV lllLO'lOV ElJQOLS, II 1:i av Lowv ~ a.xouoa;tEQcp8ELy];, ~ 1:tVWV
av 60CPQaLyO!J.EVO; il CmtO!J.EYO; ~o8Ei,Y];, lim Ot lLaLOLXoi; O!J.LAWV !J.aALOt' av EvcpQav8ElllS, xaL nwS ay [laAaXWtma xa8EUOOL;, xat
lLW; av cmovootma tOUtWV novtcov t'UYXayOL;.
(=&VO;~WVTCI, AJTOI'V~"ClvtUI'ClTCI, B', 1, 2J·24)
~~If rM.E..E.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • .E.YNTAKTIKA
npoo6palJEiv, elnelv: elo. ortopeue., aVTlK. TOU 8W. cpf/a{ npooTpEXw TIVI = TptXW npoc KanOlov. nOlav o6ov ... Tpann: T1huYla epwTTIIJUT. rtpor., aVTlK. OTI]v K01T]yoP'lflUT. flTX· anoooisvro. 'Etlv ouv tlJ& cpIAIlV nOIIlOOIJEVOC; [rr]v oaDv en! T(JV {3{ov Tpannl: OE:UT. urtoser. rtpor. us onoooOTj TO: a.;w, toei, ola{3l(.iJael (npoaooKwflevo). nOIIlOOIJ&VOC; (= enav nOlrJon): xpov. I-ITX· aUV'lIJI.l. ni)v n:pnvwv: yev. oLoLpeT. ono TO ou&v6;~, TO onoio etVOL yev. aVTlK/Ktl aTO ciyeuoTO~. noA£lJwv, npaYIJOTwv: aVTlK. TOU ipoovvuic. 61EOEI OKOnOUIJEVOC; (KUTllYOP'lflUT. IJTX.) = 9a. e~eTa~ele; OlOpKWe;. Ana TO anottouuevoc Ol (6) nAuy\ee; epwTllflUT. rtpor. nou oxoxoueouv we; ovrucelu. i6wv, 6- Kouoa<;, OOlppalvojJEvO<;, amolJ&VOC;, olJlAwv: )(pov. - orrioxov. I-ITX. olJlAw nOllilKoiC; = ouvorrre epWTLKee; oxtoele;. TOUTWV: UVTlK. aTO av TUyxaVO(~.
,~.r;: META$PAI.H
H Knxin [AEEL 0 IIQoOLxoS] E1QE~E nQos tOY HQaxA~ XaL [tOU] eure: «BAEnw, HQaxA~., on OEV ~EQELS noio 0Q0!J.0 at'll ~W~ va axoAou8~OELS. Errv AolJtov [axoAou8r'jons oLl] ~wr'j to 6Qo!J.o] acpou !J.E xavELS cpLAY] oou, 8a OE OoY]yr'jow orov mo EUXaQlO1O Xat EUXO-
Ao OQOf.tO Xat OE 8a unaQXEL lmOtE coro rn EUxuQlOta nou 010 8a YEtrtEi.S xm 8a nEQaOELS Ll] ~w~ ooo XWQi.; va ooxL!J.aoELI,; rc 6uoaQEma. IIQoola O'llAaor'j bE 8a CPQovr:L~EL; yta noAE!J.OUI,; core YLa [6uoaQwm] nguY!J.ma, Cl.AAa 6LaQXOOS 8a E~nU~EL; tL EuXaQL0tO cpaYY]1:0 r'j ztoto 8a BgELS r'j tL acpou OELS r'j oxouosu; 8a tEgcp8ELI,; r'j rtour
acpou !J.uQL~ELS r'j aXou!1J16.; 8a EuxaQ101:YJ8Ei.S, Xat lLOLES EQwnXEI,; OXEOnI,; acpou O'UVCottELS naQa noAU 8a EucpQav8ds XaL noo; 8a XOl!J.aom nOAu aVEm Xat noo; 8a aJtoAa!J.~aYElS 6Aa ama !J.E 10 ALYO-
tEQO xono»,
IHMEIA KflEIAIA
• tbuooev ... Olarlpa~S~ oeQl
• 'AYTJaMOO';- ... 6plaa~
• aVTi TOU ttpatteiv
• atoateuua ... /1t:TS~
• To m:plex6llevo TaU 6pKOU TaU TuronqJepVl']
• 0 6PKOC; TaU AYTlai~ AUOU
• 0 TlOOUqJSPVl']C; ern- 0pKOC;
• 0 AYl]OLAUOC; mOT6t; OTIt; ouv9tiKec;
o eniopKOC; Tlaaa!ptpVIJC; Kal 0 mOTOC; aTOUe; 6PKOUC; AYlJai,l"aoe;.
51
:: A'- KEIMENO
'Ev totvuv t'fi 'Aotc i)Cl£ nQffitrt llQo.;U; EyEV£tO. TLaampEQVIl<; !-lEV w!-loa£v 'AYT]OLAUcp, et onetourro EW'; EA80LEV OU'; nf!-l1.(JHf nQ6~ ~aOLAfa ayyfAau.;, CltanQu;ca8m am0 a nQoo8£v £LX£ !-l£tE-
nff.l1tEto. 'AYT]aLAaoc; M xaiJtEQ ato80f,lEVOC; tama O!-lWC; EVf!-l£LVE taLC; allovClaL-;.
(:&VocpWVTa.; AYlJafAaa<;. I, 10~ 11)
B- rMlUIKA> rPAMMATIKA > EYNTAKTIKA
TTpa~e;: KClTT]YOPOUIJ· 010 no£;. Tlooaql&pVfle; IJtv ... 'EMflvlliae;: OlOV eu8u Myo TO xwpto eivor: iciv arreian tux; 6v f;A8wotv DUe; 6v ne/1ljJw ... , olanpaE,o/1ai 001 acpe8fjVOl... 'EMl1vioae;. ewe; tA901£V oue; TT&j.llfI;&l;& npoc l3aolA&a; ayy&> "oue; = eox; o..801ev ayy£Aol DOe; ne/1ljJele npoc {3aGlAia (0 npoo5LOpL~6IJevoe; opec [= ayyeAOl] txel Te8el OlO TeAOe; TTJe; cvooop. rtpor. [= ayyeAoue;] KOI O'TTlv rmoon TOU aVOql0pIKOU [ovttcrpopn eA~n]). liIOnp6~&a9al;: el(5. anapE:IJpoauVllC:): urto«. TaU arroi\i;aBol (ov Kat ruuronpoccornc, TO urtox. TOU ortcpeuq» o€ alTlaTLKT'j vio eueoorj). noAAwv: yev. KTllTLKT'j 01"0 Tile; OUo(OC;. EIjJEua8I'JTE Tf]1; ouoia~ = E,eye,\oOTl'jKOT& O1"OV unoAOYlOI-IO TIle; rteptouoioo, [0'1] an09av6VTE~ ... E0PIKT'j OVTLSeTlKO 1-1£ TO uev.: 6i. noAu napa TIlV li6~ov TIlV UIJETEpaV EOVOU<; XPr)1l0TWV, 53-54)
B' rMU~IKA· rPAMMATIKA • ~YNTAKTIKA
OTl.., tVIYVETO: OEUT. ElO. rtpor., OVTlK. TOU {.W8E:[V, TO ortoio eiVOl urto«. TOU p¢.orov SOTI. roieuro: urtox, TOU SyiYVE:TO (QTTlKtl OUVToE;I1). lJETOYIYVWOKEIV:
TEA. cncpepo., OVTlK. TOU S8iAE:IV. hiVEIV, noptxeoaal: EllS. OnOpEI-IIAlalvac; elval ava~loc: TOU !3ouAeuTIKOU a~IWIlOTOC:.
54
KEIMENO
OVtOl; TOLVUV OUX OltW~ WCP£AOLl] "rijV nOAtV tv rotoirno XaLQ0 xat Tmamn XmaaTaaEL CLEVOi]8l], aAA' Olt(JJ~ TL XEQca(vOL alto TWV rl!lEtfQWV O'U!lCPOQWV reaQEOXEuaamo· OQIlWfl£VO<; yaQ E~ 'QQWnou, TOtE !lEv auto<; uovoc, totE C' ftfQOL<; rly01)~lEVO£ oI~ to. U!lf'tEQa buawxi]!law Euwxi]!lata ty£yOVH, n£QLLwv Xato. 'tou~ aYQou<; xat tvwYXavwv 'tWV JCOALtWV wi<; reQEO~matm<;, OL XaTE!lELvav tv toi<; bi]flOL~ OAtya f1EV Lmv tJCLLl]bdwv EX0Vt£<;, avayxaia bE, EUVOL f1EV OVtE<; to JCAi]8EL, aMvmOL bE iJreo tli~ rlALxLa<; ~O'Y]8Eiv, toutoix acpnQEi'to 1:1'1 iJreaQxoVta, ltEQL JCAELOVO~ JCOL01)f..tEVO~ amo<; !lLXQo. x£QCaLvELv fJ tX£LVOU~ !ll]btv !lEy a abLXELv.
(Auaio, KOTO iAwvo<;, 17-18)
B' rMl:t:tIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :tYNTAKTIKA
onwc; ... KOTOOTOO&I;/ onwc; ... OUI.IIPOPWv: nAaYlE:e; f:PWTTUlaT. rtpor., OVTlK. TWV 0Ievor'/8'1 Kat naoeoxeuaaato OVTIOTOlXO· E:KCP£POVTOl IJE: WKTlKij TOU nA6YlOU Myou AOYW TIl<; eE,aPTTlOTJC; orto lOTOPlKO xpovo. TOT& ..-&v; ... TOTf.: lit = iliOTe ... ilion;. tlVOO..-OI (+ OOT. npoa.) = OOTlYtIJ KanOlOV. TO liUOTUX~..-aTO: urtox, TOU iyey6vel (OTUK!') O1JVTOt,ll). TWV nOhITWV: yev. OlmpeT. OTO TOl<; ttoeoeutato«; TO ortoio eivcn aVTlK. OTll xpOV. - urtoasr. IJTX. EVTUYXo.vwv. tXOVT&C;: rport. IJTX. OVT&C;: omoxov. IJT)(· 1301l9Eiv: cncpeurp, TIle; OVOcopoq orto TO aoUVOTOI. rrepi nh&iovoc; nOIOO..-OI = eVOlocptPOIJOl, CPPOVTI~W. "-'1i5&V; !JEVa ai5IKW = oe Olonpanw Ka~.Ha lJeYMll aOlKla.
METAcltPA:tH
AULo<; AOLreov CE aXEcptTlXE JCW<; va WCPEAEt rnv ltOAl] , [rtou ~QLoxorov] oe TELma reEQlJtTWOl] XaL [reOALTLxi]] xataotaOlj, aAAa f1l]XaV£Utl]XE rew<; va EXEL X(.(JlOLO XEQbo<; uno nr; O'Uf..tCPOQE~ ou;: EXOVta<; cl]Aabi] OQf..tl]Tr]QLO TOV QQWltO, aAAOTE !lOVO~ LOU, aAAOTE oC'Y]ywVta<; aA,,"OU<; YLU WU<; oreOLOU~ OL (')UOTUXLE<; OU~ ElXav urto~Ei, £uwxi] O'Uf..t~aVta, tQLyUQLSE I am XWQacpLa aa<; XaL may ouvovroixre TOU~ mo l]ALXLWf1EVOU~ uno rou; reOALT£<;, nou Ef1ELVaV OTO bi]!lo TOU<; EXovm<; Alya [area rc] TQOCPLf..tU, m avaYXULU Of..tW<;, En£LCi] euvoouoov TOU<; b'Y]f..t0xQmLxou£, abuvaTouaav o!lW<; A6yw l]Atxia<; va TOU<; ~Ol]eOUV, coto mrrotx acpmQouOE 'ta uJCaQXoVta TOU<;, EJC£Lbi] Evbwcp£Qomv umo~ va xEQ(')i~El [EOTW xm] Aiya reaQa va f1l] CLareQaLtEL Xaf..tLa IlEYaAl] a(')LxLu O£ ~aQo<; EXELVWV2.
1. M8TQq>p6ao~81Tl )(pOv. ~. rrr:pliwv]JE pf]~o <01 oe nOpOTaKT'Kij mlv~eClT] ~8 TO acpnpeito (~eT!'IOTaClT]).
2. n.o Eheu8epa: napa va ~'lv 0i51K8l Ko8oAOU €KcivouC;.
l:HMEIA KIIEI.o.IA
• 8ouprlt;w .. , ei
• rov AAKI{3I.6oT)v a,;IWael aljJt;ea8al, Pt1 6noMa8m
• QlKOli.. we; t1pOPTT}KOTOe;, [we;} yeyeVTJpsvou
• cnoecuvioa. TOUe; cpeuyovme; r)papTT)KOTOe; Koi yeyeVTJI1Iivoue;
• H EKnAJ#l IOU O~Ilhrrrr'l
• H i51aywyrj Kpm;pLO 111<; ortoeoonc
• npsm:1 va QKOUyOVTOi 01 on6LjJE:LC: KOL TWV KQTlly6pwv
55
KEIMENO
8awat;w OE ~AlOi;a, cD avoQc£ OLXaOmL, d Ll£ V!lWv LOV 'AAXl~la01]V USlWOEl OU'1 !lEV LOU; ~o1]8oiM;a£ o0~w8m, Ola OE Lilv cd» tof Jt0VllQLav f-til CmoAEo8m. ~H; a'i;Lov V!la; uxoiJom, tv' EJtLo'tT]08E an crUx &.V dxOtw; rnrtof CmO'llrrlcpL~m08c, 00; tama !lEV lJ!laQUlx0- LO;, La 0' fiJJ.n. JtOALtOU XQ1]OLoU YEYEVll!l€V01)' EX yaQ tWv fiJJ...wv tcilv LOlJLqJ JtEJtQaY!l€vwv olxaLw; &.v amoiJ 8avaLov xataljJ1]cpit;ma8E, I1QomlXEl 0' VIA-LV JtEQL mrtdrv EioEVaL" EJtElOn yaQ xai LWv CmoAOYOlJf-t€VWV Cmoo€XE08E AcyOVLWV La£ acpEt€ga; airtWv aQCTar; xal ta; tcilv Jtgoyovwv EilEQYWLa;, dxo; VIA-a; xaL LWv xa'tT]yagwv uXQoaa8m, faV anocpaLvwOL "tOu; cpEUyoVLa; rto)..)..iJ. dr; UlA-a; iJ!laQUlx6La; xaL toUr; JtQoyavou; amON rtOMWv xaxcilv aLtiou; YEYEVT)!lEVOU;.
(Auala, Korn MKI~1615ou A-, 23-24)
8! rAnJ:IIKA· rPAMMATIKA • J:YNTAKTIKA
sf TIC; ... IJI'J anoAi09m: OWL ornoxov. rtpor. urroser. ornoxovtoc: eE,apT(]TOl ana TO 8au/-l0(w. 0~~&09Q1, (1JJ1) onoA£09al: TeA. ortopsue., aVTlK. TOU O~IWoei. TOV 'AAKlplol>rJV: OVTlK. TOU 0~lwa61 KOl urtox. TWV crtcpeurp. nou eE,apTWVTOl an' ouro. ~He; •. , oKouoal: Kupla npor. ClTI OUK av ... V&V;&VIW;£VOU:
OWL E:lOlKl'j npor., aVTlK. 01'0 enkrmoee. we; ~lJapT'1KOTOe;, [WC;] Y&V;&V;'1IJ£' YOU: ornoxov. 11T)(. aUVTlIJIJ, 01'0 TOUrOU (= aVTlK, TOU onol/Jr)cp{(ola8e QV), TO.TTlIl: DOT. TOU nOl'lTlKOLJ ornou. A&yOVTWV;: KOT'lYOP'lIJOT- IlTX. orto TO anooexea8e. oi q>&UYOVT;&C; = 01 «rrnvopoouevoi. ~lJapT'1K6Tac;, V&y;&v;'1jJ£VOUC;:
KOT'lYOP'lIJOT. 11T)(. ana TO artoeaivoxn.
r
M.ETA$PAJ:H
EXrtAl')aaO!lm JtQoJtaVLwv, XUQWl OlxaOLE£, av XCmOlO; orro aa; XQLVEL OLxmo 0 AAXl~ui01]; va aw8d E~atLLa~ LWV JtQoataLWV' LOU xrn va !l1]V XaLaOLxaa'not Yla TI]V xaxl') olaywyl') LOU. A'i;lt;a v' cxouaELE Yl' auu1v, yta va yvwQL~EtE OLl uOlxa ea a8WWVaLE mrrov, f-tE TI]v JtQocpaOT] OTt OtErtQa~c mrm tn aOLxl')!lata, cWO W~ 1tQO; La UAAa Urtl')Q~c XQ1]OLO; rtOAi'tT]£' ytaLL ana tl£ aAAE~ JtQa~EL; roo 6lxma Sa tOY xmaOLxa~mE OE 8avaLo, Kat Jtg€JtEl v« YVWQi~ELE Yl' autaO ytaLL, IA-La; xm otXWtc amOL rto» anOWYOVVLm va IA-lAOVV yta LL£ OlX€; tOU; aQEL€~ xm yLa LL; EUcQYWLE; LWV JtQOYOVWV LOU;, EUAOYO Elvm WEL; va oxotrte xm tou; xa'tT]yoQou;, av anOOElxvUOUV OTL oi XU'tT]YOQOVIA-EVOl EXOUV OtanQa'i;Et OE ~aQo; aa; JtOME; aOLXiE£ xm ot rtQayovoi rou; EXOUV yivEL omo. JtOMWV xoxorv.
1, Kcrrll1u':~T]: E~arriac; OUT,"V [TaU TOV ~OT]800V.
85
~HMEIA KAEIl>.IA
• TWV 'EAArjvwv ... aiaxuvoiJevwv uev, cpo{3ouiJevwv i5t
• [of nofOeC;] 6.cpIKDJ.1eVOl. .. iKeTOI ... f:KOea;OVTO
• 0 .. · tCP0{30(;VTO
• rjE,iouv ol0J.l.axea801 1'; CKoo(;vm
• Ta nQl(5lo TOU HpaKAr'j IKtw~ CJT1lV ASr'jvQ
• ria rtoio 'tI.6yo 01 ASllva[Ol (5<; StAllOQV va rc napaowaouv O'TOV Eupua8ta
86
01 A9'lvaiol Klvi'iuveuouv Via T'lV urrepcorncq TOU ZiIKaiou.
56
KEIMENO
'YaT£gcp b£ Xgovcp, EnfLb~ 'HgaxA:ii~ fAtv E~ av8gwnwv ~cpavla811, ot 6£ nai:bE~ amou ecpEuyov [.tEV Eugua8Ea, ESllAauvovTO bE uno naVTWV l00v 'EAA~V(])V, aLOXuvow:vwv fAEV 'toi~ fgyOL~, cpo~OUf.t£V(])V b£ ~v Eugua8£wt; bUVafALV, acptXofA,EVOL d(_:; ~VbE ~v noALV lX£Lal Ent 'tWV ~WfA6.lv Exa8E~oVTo' E~at'tOUfA£VOU M amaU£ EUQUa8£(])£ 'A- 811vaiOL oux ~8£Allaav Exbowm, aAAa ~v 'HgaxA£ou(_:; agE~v ~tCtAAnv nbOUVLO it 'tOV XlV&uVOV; TOV famrov ECPO~oUvtO, xal ~~lOUV unEg 'trov aa8EvwT£gwv fAna TOU blxalou blafAaxw8m fACtAAOV f] TOt£ buvcuevou; xagL~OfAEVOl wU£ un' EXELV(])V ablxoU[.t£VOu(_:; ExboWat.
(Auoio, EnlToq>loc;, 11-12)
B' rAll:l::tIKA· rPAMMATIKA . :tYNTAKTIKA
'YOT&PIll; 6& XPoVIll - aV£l OnOIlQKPUVOT"J. IO~. 18-19)
B' rMlEEIKA· rPAMMATIKA . EYNTAKTIKA
npWTOI: 8mpP'lI-iCIT. KClT'lYOPOU~. nou 0'lA.WV8t onoo. IJOVOI: KClT'lYOp'l~CIT. rtpoootop, KaeiOTOIJOI (+ amm.) = 8YKU8tOTW, ana K08tOTW, IlYOUIJ&VOt; (= f;rrw5r) r7YOUVTO): ornoxov. J..ITX.. Tllv tA&ue;&piav;: urtox, TOU dVQI, TO ortoto eiVOl 8tO. oncpaurp., aVTIK. TaU r7YOLIJ.1E:VOC. OIJOVOIOV: KaTllyopOU!-l. OTO mv f;Aw8epiav. KOlvac; ". ~1~OOKOlJtVOU<;: KupLa rtpor. nOlilOOVT&<; (= enei f;rroil7- aav): xpOV. I-ITX. KOIVOC;: KClT'lYOPOU!-l. OTO TOC; i;Arrioac;, TO ortoio elvrn aVTLK. OTO nomoovtec. tAeuetpOl<;: KClT'lVOPIl!-lCIT. npocorop, OTO TOIC; I/lUXalc;. TO onolo elvci OOT. lOU rponou. TllJlilVT&<;, KoA6l;oVTec;, (3aOlA&uOIJEVOUC;, 6t~OC1KOlJtVOUC;: rport. I-IT)(. elval, npOOrlK&IV;: 8tO. anapE~.mQleL~: Eif.lOCJTE 01 rno i'iUCJTUXl0f.leVOl an' 6l\ouc; VlaTL:
- 8XDUf.lE XaOEI TO
naVTO
- unoeepou.e etrs ouvovrncouue iSUcrTUXIOfleVDUC; eirs (;UTUXIOfltVDUC;
88
01 m.aTaleiC; l)leKTpaywl)ouv TI]V 66/1.10 KOT6CFTOCF~ roue,
58
A'
KEIMENO
Ti.VUt; yaQ av ~!lCOV EUQOt1:E D'UOWXWtEQOU~, OltLVE~ XUL nOAEW~ xui. XWQU~ xui. XQl1!latWV fV !lL(t O1cQ118EVtES; ~!lEgc;.t, mrvrorv tCOV uvuyxui.wv O!loi.WS; fVDEEI.~ OVtcs; uAi]tm xui. mWXOL XU8EOtUuev, Car.OgOUVtES; anOL tgunw!lE8U, xui. naOUS; 'taS; oLxTJow; OUOXCgui.vOVtcS;; "Hv tE "lag buowxouVtU£ xmuAa~w!lEY, UAYOU!lEV 0.vayxu~O!lEVOL ng6~ tOI.£ Oixci.OL£ xaxol.s xui. 'tCOV 6.MO'tgLWV XOLYWVELV' ~v 8' 6.1£ IOU JtQo.noVtu£ EA8w!lEV, EtL XUAEJtwTcgov EX0!lEV, OU tUI.£ EXfi.yWV ep80VOUVtE~ cunogLms, uAAa !l.IA
• TWV npoy6vwv ttoo-
VOIOV
• TIC; ... tppovnou;
• ei aia801vra TOUl;' uev al;uiJaavTQl;' ... KaeIOTOI·/I,:VOUl;' / r1!lQl;' ... yeyeVfllltvouC; / raul;' rorpOUl;' ... 1lr1 TUyxavovroc / e,,{3aioul;' ... xpatouvtuc;
• Artnrrerror ae~oouoc npoe; TOUC; npoy6voue;
• H Twptvi] KOTomooti lioe; oev TOUC; TtliU
To xptoe; npoe; TOUe; npoyovoue; _
59
KEIMENO
XQl] 6£ xaL 1Wv JlQOYOVWV JlOLl'Ioao8aL 'twa JlQOVOLav xal !-ll] nnQa!lEf,;iiom !-ly]CE Till,; rtEQi, btdvouS; EUOEBdas;- ol l't(D£ av CLatE8EiEV, d 'U£ aQa Toil,; tXEl. cpQ6VY]oi.S'; eou JlEQL tWv Ev8uCE YLyvO!-l£VWV, Ei XUQLWV U!-lWV OVTWV Ut08OLVTO ToU£ uev COUAEVElV TOLl,; BUQBuQOL£ asuDouVTU£ CWJlma£ TWv aMwv xa8LOW!-lEVOUS;, 'l)!lCx.£ bE toU£ UJlfQ til£ tAEU8EQiHI,; ouvaywvtoa!-l£vou£ !-lDVOU£ TWv 'EM11vwv ovcorcrotx yEYEvy]i-!EVOUI,;, xal. TOUS uev tWV OUYXLVCuVEUOUVTWV rorpou; !-ll] "t1Y)'xavoVTus tWV VOi-!t~Oi-!EVWV cmUVEL tWv tJlOLo6VTwv, 8l')Ba(oul,; cE t01)S taVUVTLa rtaQatuSU!-lEVOUS xQatOVVTas; Til£ XWQaS tXELvy]£;
(laOKparl), m.aTa"jK6~, 60-61)
B' rAn:II.IKA· rPAMMATIKA • J:YNTAKTIKA
TWV npoy6vwv: yev. aVTlKiKT] (ITO noovoiav. Tiie; &uo;&j3;&iae;: aVTlK. oro TlQpafJe:)l.7jam. ol "We; Civ i5laT&9&i;&v;: KUPlO npor., Eu8ela EpWTIj. &i; Tie; ape ... Ylyvo~tvwv: OWT. unoser. rtpor. (helToupyei TlapeV8eTlKO). &i; Kupiwv .. Tiie; xwpae; &K;&iVIle;: OEUT, UTl08eT. npor. I-IE orroooor] TO dv olme:ee:fe:v (anAl'] aM~- 4-I11). OVTWV: yev. onox., xpOV. - ornoxov, !-fIX. I-Ie urtox, TO UfJWv. Kupiwv: KOTIlYOPOUI-I, (ITO UfJWv. TOUe; a~lwoeVTae;, l'J~iJe;, TOUe; TCUpOUe;, 0'1j3aiouc;: 0- VTlK. TOU Q[aeOIVTO KOI unox. TWV KOTIlYOPllI-IOT. I-ITX. Ka8IOTafJf;VOUe;, ye:ye:vrJfJ£VOUe;, TUYXOVOVTae;, «patouvrac ovrkrrorro. TOiC; j3apj3apOle;: aVTlK. (ITO oouAe(Je:lv. TO onolo eivcn TeA. oncpsuo., aVTlK. OTI"JV Wl8eT. I-ITX. roue cil;lwaaVTm;. TWV aMwv: ve». aVTlK/KT] (ITO 0e:0Tl6TOC;, TO anoia eiVat KOTI1YOPOUI-l. (ITO TOUe; cil;lwaavme;, TOUe; ouvaywvloa~tvoue;, TOUe; napaTa~alJtvouc;: Emser. I-ITX. we; napo8taele; (ITa rjfJae; Kat el'Jf3aioue; OVTloTOlXO.
M ETA. PAJ:H
IlQEJlEl ax6!-lY] va CPQOVTLOEtE xa:n:w~ xm YlU rou; JlQoy6vou~ oa~ xm va Ily]v rtaQallEAl'IOEtE [va 6dSE'tE] OUtE 'to OfBao!-lO nQo£ Exdvo'U~' mrtoi JlWS 8u ovnoootxrov (au!-lJtEQLcpEQovtav), E, (tv) Topaxair;, (tv) KOKOir;: qmp68. npoooiop. rtou 0IlAWVOUV EVTomOll6 ce KOTQOLa01l. TOUTWV, OIJTOUr;: aVTLK. TOU Qm7Ma~E:v. KaTaaT~aar; (= end KQteomcev: xpOV. 1lT)(. TWV tpywv: yev. OLOLp8T. TOUr; aMour;: aVTIK. OLO TO wcpeJtauvTO. IJrlllEv: auOLOLXO aVTLK. aTO TO oxpeAaQvTO. un&popw; = nepiQJPOVW. OTpaTonEi5ov ouviaTrJlJ1 = aUYKEVTpWVW OLpm6. tni TOUr; papp6- pouc: eunooa. rtpoootop. nou 0IlAWVEl TO EVOVTiov. TOUTOU: yev. aUYKplTlK~ an6 TO Kc1Mwv. aTpaT~YrJlJa = npa~ll TOU OLPOTllYOU. np6~ar;: «ornvopnI1OT. 1lT)(. TWV &UllOKIIJrJoaVTwv;,. TWV tmYEvojJEVWV: EmBeT. 1lT)(. OE 8tOTj YEV. OLULpET. an6 TO ouot:ir;.
r
METACi»PAEH
Arpoo [0 AYUJ.lE!lVOVU£,] anEXtytaE 1ll ouva~1'] auu;, Of V J1QOSEV1']Of Mnll .wVEL TTlv anM oKtljJll· tn&A90VT;£c; (= e! tneA801ev): )(pov. - un08ET. 1lTX.. IlE cmoooon TO QV yevolvTO (anM OKtljJll). TWV npOYI.JllTWV: yEV. aVTLK/Krl 010 Beatai. KOTaYIYVWOKW TlVOI; lJoviav = KaTaAoyi~w OE KonOLOV rpexc. OITIV£c; ... K&KT;';- 0901/ Kai Tr'tV I'JIl&T;&pav; ... KapTTouo9al: OUO ovccop-crnoxov. rtpor. t~ov (= ei «ci t~£(TTl): ornor. cnox., evcvncouor. 1lTX.. K£KTrl09al: TEA. rmcpepo., urtox, 010 t~6v. OIJ&MOOVT;&I;: EVaVTLWllaT. rl )(pOV. 1lTX.. T4IIJ&V; (= (3aalA£f):
OOT. aVTLK/Kf] 010 npoUpYW{TEpOV . .; oxorreiv: W opoc OUYKPLOI"]C;. t~ WV ... TToA&IJOUVT;&c;: nMYLO epurrnuct. rtpor., aVTLK. TOU aKorrefv. noA&1l0UVT&I;: «rmvopnurrr. 1lTX.. TOOOUTOU: aVTLK. 010 &OJ-lf;:v. OTOOlCl~&IV;: OVTLK. TOU nOIe[v, TO onoio fJo~i 1.1& TO alJYKpouelV EivOL aVTLK. OTO &OJ-l;£V.
META4tPA:IH
NO[!L~W on, av XCm:OLOl, acpoll (ov) EQXoV'tav uno aMa [!EQ'Y], YLvovtrrv 8EmE~ 't'Y)~ xmao'taOT]C; rtou EJtLxQmEl'twga, 80. xmaA6YL~av mrrot [!EyaAT] 'tgtAa XaL O'tOU~ 000 E[!a~ (= LJtaQ1u'nEC; XaL A8TjvaLouc) nou XWbWEUOWE YLa rooo [!Lxga Jtgay[!ma, EVW ELVaL 6uvmo va anoxn'joOU!-lE nOMa XWgl£ cpo~o, XaL n01J xmaO'tgtcpoU[lE 't'Y) bLx~ IJ,a~ XWQa, EVW (orpou) 6ELI;a[!E a6lacpogLa va EX[!£'taMEmoll!-lE 't'Y)v Aoto, Koi 0' mrtov (= 'to ~aOLALa torv Ileooov) ~E~ma ttrrote bEV ELvm JtLO WcpOclf!O ana 'to yo. xOL'ta~El [!E noto "tgono 6E 80. orn[!an'joOU[!E nmt va JtoAffla[!E 0 tvae; evovttov rou aMau' E[!ElC; 0!J.(J)C; .000 JtOAlJ anExou~E cote 'to vc oa[.U'tO'tagOU[!E xCm:OLa cero tle; uno- 8tOEt<; EXElVOU i] vc JtgOXaAaUf,tE [toix 1J1tT]XOOUe; roo] yo. snovccrctouv, WO'tE JtQooJta800[!E axo!-la xm va 'tOY ~0T]8i]OOUf!E va xctcO'tELAH 'tL~ avmaQaXE~ JtOU 't01J EXOUV O'Uf!~d ESaL'tLae; 't'Y)e; WXT]C;.
:EHMEIA KAEIAIA
• vouiatu; aovoioe»
• arrOOn7GGI DUX oloc r'~v
• anootnocu rwv ixoJ.livcuv
• oUrcu... wors
• E:UPIOKoV aUn7v av ayouoav
• e! i50l;E:1E: ... il;E:vey«siv
• nwC; euploKE TOUC; cpouc TT]C; ELPt'jVllC; o IOOKPOTT]C;
• Tt TOV anaoxoAouoE
• Me rtoio rpono 8a nopeueve t'jOUX11 11 n6A11
65
A'
KEIMENO
L1JVYj08dS; DE wi-; :I1fQL tilt; dQ~Vl1S; '4!YjcpLo8fim xui VO~Loas; OU ~OVOV ~~iv &/../..0. xaL cot xaL mis; at..t..OlS; "Et..t..l1mv anam auVOLOfLV, anOO1:i]om usv nlV EllaULoi} DtO,VOLav tWV EXOIlEVWV OUX oIos; t' ~v, aM' omw DLfXfllll1V WOt' EU8Us; oxoxeiofkn mos; &.v to. nfJtQaY~Eva naQallElvfLEV ij~iv xaL ~l] XQovov O/"lYOV ij :I10/..lS; ~IlWV Dla/..lrtouou :I1o'/..LV EtEQWV nO/"E~wv Em8'OIl~ofLEV' i:lLE~Lc.OV DE nEQL tOUtWV :I1QOS; E~aUtOV ElJQlOXOV oUDaIlWS; &.v O:/../..WS; aUnlv ijauXlav avouonv, n/..l]v Et M~Elf taiS; :I1o/..Em taiS; ~EytOTaLS; Dla/"uoaIlEvats; to. nQos; ocpas; auto.s; ELS; tl]v 'Aotnv tOV :I10/..EIlOV EI;EvEyxEiV ...
(laOKpaTI]. (J)f,l.mno~, 8-9)
B' r,uU::EIKA· rPAMMATIKA • :EYNTAKTIKA
auv'1a9&i;~ (~_rrx. TaU auvr,oOI1Ol), vouiccc; OlTlO.\OY· IlTX. Toi~ 1jJ'1!Plu9&im;: 50T. TTJC; omcc. ouvoioerv (TOU aUJ1cpf;pw): E:l5. ortcpeurp., aVTlK. TOU vOJ1iace. TI')V l>lClvolav, Tliiv £XOIJ£VWV (OU5E:T. vev.): aVTLK. TOU anoamooi. TO anoia aVTLK. aTO OIOe; T' fiv (npooom: e:5w 1l qlpaOT] 6e:v e:iVQL ortpootorm). wor' .. , aKon&iu901;: 5e:UT. oUllnepooll. OflOpellqlOT. rtpor. (0T]Ilo1ve:L TO onorexeouc). nlii~ tiv ... I')lJiv / Kai IJI') Xpovov ... £m9ulJ~a£l£v: or 5uo (2) nMyle:e; eoccrnucr. rtpor, aVTLK. TOU oxonsiotku. l>lo'\einw = aqlr']vw va rteocou xp6voe;. nO,\&lJwv;: OVTIK. aTO srrr8ul1r,om:v. i51&~I(I)V (Tau OISE,E:1111 / (jc£E,spxoJ1al): xpov. IlTX. tiv ayouuov (= OT! av ayol): 6UVllTlKtl «orrtvopqucr. IlTX. an6 TO dJplaKov, an6(s00T] aTO ei ooE,ele (onAr'] OKE:4J1l). TOlt; "0'\&01: (SOT. npoaWmKtl· l>laAuaalJ&Val;~ (= srrav olOAUOWVTaI): xpov. IlTX. TO rrpoq Olpa~ auT6~ = TlC; ll8Ta1;u TOUe; E:pl5ee;.
METACIIPA:EH
EnuDij EuxaQl0ui8Yjxa AOLnov uno ns; anocpCtOELS; (LOUS; OQouS;) ym tl1V uQ~Vl1 XaL nlOtE'4!a an [auui = Yj ELQllVl1] 8a WCPEA~OEL 0- XL ~OVO EIlO,S; a/../..o' Xat oevc xm lOUS; O,/../..O'OS; 'E/../..YjVES;, DEV ~OQouoa vc a:l1o~axQuvw tl1 OXf'4!Yj ~OU coto tn ooo axo/..ou80uv (r«; auvfnELES;), a/../..o' ~QLOXOIlOUV OE reroto xmo'o'ta011 W01E a~lfows; va E:;HCt~W nws; Sa ~oQouoallE va Dlmy]Q~oou~E ro ooo ELxav ltQax8fl Xat IlE rtoto 1120:110 Yj :I10Al1 ~as; DE 8a Em8u!loUOE lto'/..L Ct/../..OUS; :I10/..E~OUS; U01:EQal cero :I1O,QODO /..tyou XQovou' EVW /..0L:J10V ESEta~a tn 8£~ata ouro; EUQloxa on aut~ (= Yj :I10/"Yj ~as;) ~E xcvevov O,MO "[Qono OE 8a naQE~EvE ~auXl1 EXtOt; av OL ~EYo'/"ES; :116- /..US; anocpo'm~av, acpou orcucrqoouv 'Us; ~Etal;U LOUS; EQLDES;, va ~E'tUCP£Qouv LOV ltOAE uo omv Aotn ...
95
:EHMEIA KAEIl>IA
• T"'. EMnELillNQ, 1, oes: 33). TOUTOIC;: OVTlK. TOU neptvivvetcu.
r
META.PA~H
Evw Aol.1tOv 8a EAEya £1JXaQLOLWr; OAa'ta 6JJ..D. XaL 8a aar; EOELXVa !-lE nOLO lQono flEQLxoi our; xmaOLQELALJtJt01J] XaL 11 a!--LOL~~ yt' amu.
:!:HMEIA KAEIt.IA
• 'EOTI... U/JIV ... (JTTOU' oaoTiov
• we; KOt\A!OTa = 600 TO ouvcrov KaAlrrE:PO
• Of TE: <5u56vn;c;
• KO! 01 {{)lo6vTE:e;}
• we; QA1J8we; = npay- 1-lQ1"IKQ, flt~Qla
• ti KW;"UE:I slvai.: «ai.: elva:
• nOIOI VOIlOl Kupiwe; rtpsns. va elVOL KOA6 ouvrovpsvot
• nOla T1 M:ITOupyia cuuov TWV voucov
• nOla Ta onorexsOI-lOTO TOUe;
nOiOI vOIlOI llpollaVTwv llpellel va e1val aplOTol,
67
KEIMENO
'Eyw 0' £'tL ~uxQU nQOS U!-lUS elmov xmo.~i]aO!-lo.l. "EmL YUQ, cD avOQE~ 'A8T)vaiOl, JtuV'ta~ !-lEV toils VO!-lOU~ u[.tiv, oo~ EYw VO!-l(~w, ortouOo.mEov OOS XaMLat' EXHV, !-lUALa'W 6£ tolrtooS OL' Wv f) !-lLXQUV f) ueyuAT)v fat' dvm Lilv :reohv. Elol 0' oirro. 'tLVEt;; Ol te toiS 6.ya80v'tL noiotxn 'tu~ 'tL!-lUS oLMV'tE~ xal, ol toiS 'tuVo.V'tLa JtQunoom taS tuuoQLa£, EL yaQ &.:rtaV'tE£ Wt; 6.A.T)8w~ tas fV LOi~ VOf!OL£ ~T)!-lLas qJO~oU!-lEVOL 'tOO xaxov 1:l noietv 6.JtoamLEv, xo.l MYLES 'ta~ Enl'tm£ EUEQYEOtms OWQELPAl:H
Eyw, aqJou JtW ALyo. OE one, 80. xmE~w coto ro ~i]!-lo.. Tum JtQE- 7tH, UV'tQES A8l]vaLOl, xmu LYj YVW!-ll] !-lOU, vc nQooEXE'tE OAOl OL VO!-lOl aa~ vc dvat ooo 'to ouvcro ue tOY xaA1rcEQo 'tQono ouvtcv!-lEVOl, xUQ(w~ o~w£ otrtot oi VO~Ol, !-lE roue onotouc etvcu 6uvmov Tj nOAl] va yivfL fl.lXQi] i] !-lEyuAT). Kat rtotot eivrn mrrot [oi vouoi]; [Etvci] uutoi nou nQooqJEQOUV LL~ 1:l!-lES Xat 0.~0l~£t; a' ooou; xuvouv XU'tL xo.M xrn [enrol nou] Err:L~UAAOUv U£ 'tl!-lWQLES a' oooix xovouv ro aV'tL8E't0.. Ttrrtl, EUV oAm Oluv8Qwnm ~E~aLw£, uno cpoBo' YLa U£ 'tL!-lWQL££ nou oQU;'oV'tat oroo; vouoix, arrdxav uno to va xrrvouv xUtL xaxo xru av oAm, ceto qJtAOOo~Lal va nUQouv tL~ oWQ££~ nou oQ(~oV'tat Yla tt£ EUEQYWLES, fJtEAEyav ooo JtQ£JtEl va xcvouv, noio Ef!Jt06LO UJtUQXEl Tj :reOAl] !-lo.£ va ELVaL JtoAU !-lEYUATj Xat oAm ot noAb:ES evnuot Xat xavEL~ xaxo~;
1. METOpovw Til TOU c11IAinrrou = eil10l orrcooc; TOU OTtpOlC;: om, aVTlK/KT] ana TO UAOKiic;: OVTlK, OLO &o;/J£vov. ~&6I-1tvov: «rmvoonucr. jlTX, TO toY: em:E,T]YIlOTl OLO 0", &0J.1SVOV. ou~6vta9ol: TCA., ortcpeuo., aVTlK, TOU tav. TOV cIIfAlnrrov: urtox, TOU av~av£aear. q>uAarrOI-lEVOUC;. tXOVTOC;: KmT]yoPlll1ffi, jlTX, ana TO 6pwv. 6M~AolC;: aVTlK. OlO rrpoOKpovSIV, OTTWC; ... YEVOtTO: n/..elYla epurrrjurrr. rtpor., aVTlK. TIle; KatrJYOPlll1m, I-ITX. rrapaTrJpwv' CKc.p8p£TQl !1£ £UKT. TOU nMYlou A6you, nou OLOV weu A6yo viveror UnOTOKTlKT]. aTTO Tiic; YVWI-ll"IC;:
E:I-lnpoe, rtooootop. nou OllAWVCI ouuqxovio, OUI-lq>EpttV: elO, anap8I1CP" OVTlK, OLO urroAaJ.1/3avwv. UTToAol-l136vwv. e;i~wc;: nmoxov, I-IT)(. l3ouA0I-IEVOUC;, 01-l0YVWI-I0- voOvrac;: KmT]YOPllI1OT. I-ITX. ana TO siOWc;. 6vnAEYOVTOC; (= £i Kai aVTSAEyov): evovtuoucr. jlTX, touToiC;: aVTlK. OLO aVT1AiyoVTa~. TOUe': ornor. TIle; ovccoooc.
r
META4»PAJ;H
Ka8wS OtanLOtcova Cl]Aa.C~ Ott oi 8rj~aLOL xm OXE66v Xl wds, E~mtLa.s tCOV onacwv 1:OU ¢LAlJOWU xm turv 6lEcp8aQ[lEVCOV ltoAmxWv OE Xa8E[ltU coro US 6uo nOAELS, naQa[lEAOOOmE EXELVO rtou ~tav xm YLa toix Mo cpo~EQ6 xm XQELa~o'tav [lEYUAl] nQooox~, Dl]A. to vc a~VEtE 'to
Emmanuel Lécollier left a comment
Hélène Kémiktsi replied: