rKEoprK XErKEA H ETC10"titJlll tllC; AOytKitC; I EtcrayroYrl - MEtciq,pacrll - LX0/..,LU rIANNH TZABAPA H EIII~THMH TH~ AOrIKH~ AAAE~ META«I>PA~EI~ Tor rIANNH TZABAPA 1. ~aipEv KipxE'{xwp: II evwnoc 'Hl~ ocywvioc~. A6~va, t,wowvYJ 1971, 228 ce): ([JoE AE~~Aoyto 'twv tf>~Aorrotf>~xwv E\I\IO~WV). 2. Map't~v Xa~nE'{YEp: Eivoc~ xoc~ xpovo~. To[Jooc; IIpw'toc;. A6~va, LlwowvYJ 1978, 416 rrEA. ([JoE rr.poAoyo xa~ rrxoA~a -rou [JoE'tatf>parr't~) . 3. Map't~v Xa~nE'{YEp: Eivoc~ xoc~ xpovo~. To[Jooc; LlEU'tEP0C;. A6~va - r~avv~va, LlwowvYJ 1985, 417-774 rrEA. ([JoE rrxoA~a 'tOU [JoE'tatf>parr't~). 4. Map't~v Xa~nE'{YEp: oc~vo[Joe:voAoyioc xoc~ O~oAoyioc. A6~va, Err.ometa 1979, 80 ce): ([Joe: e:~rraywy~ xa~ rrxoA~a 'tou [JoE'tatf>parr't~). 5. Ap~rr'to'teAYJ: «Twv Me:'ta 'ta urr~xa 8 10». Err.orr.nioc 34 (1979), rre:A. 1115-428 ([Joe: e:~rraywy~ xa~ rrxoA~a 'tou [Joe:'tatf>pa(J't~). 6. pe:~oe:pixou Nrrce: «To rr.a60c; y~a 'tYJv aA~6E~a». Err.orr.'t"e:toc 36-37 (1979), rrEA. 591-603 ([JoE rr.poAoyo xa~ rrxoA~a 'tOU [JoE'tatf>parr't~). 7. I[Jo[JoavouEA Kuvr: IIpoAe:yo[Joe:voc rre: xocOe: [Joe:AAOV't"~X~ Me:'t"octf>urr~x~. A6'~va - r~avv~va, LlwowvYJ 1983, 211 rrEA. ([JoE E~rraywy~ xa~ rrxoA~a -rou [JoE'tatf>pa(J't~). 8. I[Jop.avouEA Kcvr: Toc Oe:[JoeA~oc 't"YJ~ Me:'t"octf>u(rtX~~ 't"wv "1J0wv. A6~va - r~a\l\l~va, LlwowvYJ 1984, 144 ce): ([JoE E~rraywy~ xa~ rrxoA~a -tou [JoE'tatf>parr't~). 9. Paul Feyerabend: rvwaYj j~OC e;Ae;u6e;pou~ ocv6pwrr.ou~. 8ErrrraAovixYJ, L,Unpova 8E[J.a'ta 1986, 264 rrEA. 10. Map't~v Xa~nEYYEp: H rr.POEAE:UaYj 't"ou EPYOU 'tEX.vYJC;. A6~va - r~avvvv«, Llw3wvYJ 1986, 153 rrEA. ([J.E E~rraywy~ xa~ rrx.oA~a 'tou [J.E'tatf>parr't~). T i't AoC; rr.pw'to'turr.ou: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Enzyklopadie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse (1830). §§ 1-244: Die Wissenschaft der Logik. GEORG W.F. HEGEL H EIII~THMH TH~ AOrIKH~ (ano 't1J'J E'YXUXA01tocfoE~OC 'tW\I ~~Aoao~~xw\l E1t~a't1J!l.w\l, §§ 1-244) E~(jaywyYj - Me:'t"&.~paw'toaV't~ypa4>~x~ ava'tu7twPALTH 'Eo-reo Kat nv !llU !.u:;yaA:ll nA:119ffipu xpicscov KUt uno'l'EffiV (JXEnKa J.lE 'tT} AOytKll 1:01) XeYKEA Otuwnffi9T}KE 1l0T} KU'ta 1:OV 190 mmvn, J.lOAts KU'ta 1:OV 200 atffivu uvuyvoopi(J'tT}KE (JE 6a90s Kat UVUAD9T}KE (J1)(J'tT}J.lUnKa 1:0 OVWAOY1KO (J1:OtXElO nOI) OtenEt UI)'tO 'to epyo. 'Eyt VE OT}AUOll EUpt5'tU'tU nnoosxro on ni(Joo uno rov 'tl1:AO H enun:r,J1.1J 7:1Jr; AOY1Kr,r; KPD6E'tUt J.ltU OV1:OAoyiul, J.lE 'to Ot1:1:0 VOT}J.lU nOI) Ku9tEpffi- 9T}KE 1l0T} xapT} (J1:OV IJ.lJ.laVOI)EA KuV1:: oos KptnKll'tT}s nnpu- I. 'Eves; a7to roix; 7tpcil"WUS YEPllavous O""toxacr"tES, 7tOU oru; apXES rou 2001) auova UVOl~E rov OPOIlO Y1a Eva OVtoA.0Y1KO 01u6acrlla "t11S XEYKEA.LUvrjs AOY1KrjS, rj"tav 0 XEPIl7tEP"t MapKol\SE, Kat IlUA.lO""ta KU"tOO uno rnv E7tiopacr11 "tOU rote psooopcvoovtoc Mdpnv XU1V"tEYYEP' OES "t11v E7ti UQ>11- y&cria; OLU"tP16rj "tOU MapKOI)~E: Hegels Ontologie und die Grundlegung einer Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit (= H OvroAoyia rov XiYKeA. tau 11 Bfp.eA.iw(Jl1 uuu; Becopiac; tnt; l(JropIKorl1rac;), Frankfurt a.M. 1932. L"t11v E1crayooyrj rou 616A.iou rou A.EE1 IlE"ta~u UA.A.rov: «H rtupoixru Epyacria E7tlXE1p&i; va Ka"tao&i;~E1 on 11 XEYKEA.LUVrj Ovroxoytu 7tpocrava"tOA.i~E"tat 11& apXEYovO "tP07tO 7tpOS "t11V svvoin "t11S ~oorjs Kat "t11S lO"toP1KO"t11"tUS "t11S. Fur va yivouv craQ>Eis 01 EOoo crK1aypaQ>OUI1&VES; O"UVUQ>E1ES U7trjP~E avaYKaio, va "tOA.llrjcooue mv 7tpocr7tU6E1a 1l1aS E7taVEPIl11v&ias; "t11S XEYKEA.LUVrjS 'AOYIK~C;' ... 'Oon crUVE1crQ>EPE1 11 nnpouou spjnotu cs IlLU aVU7t"tu~11 Kat olacrUQ>11cr11 trov 7tp06A.11IlU"tOOV, ru oQ>EiA.&l; cr"t11 Q>lA.OcrOQ>lKrj Epyacria rou Mdpttv XU1V"tEYYEp.» (crEA.. 3 Ka1 8). Etvrn oxrroco avallQ>lO"6rj"t11"t0 on KU7tOL01 11&A.;&"t11"tES "t11S AOY1KrjS rou XEYKEA. Eixav E7tlcr11IlUVE1 rj011 npornitspu "ta OA.E6pLU E7taKOA.ou6a IlUIS 1111- oV"t0A.OY1Krls Ka"tavo11crrjS "t11S. 'Erm 7t.x. 0 Georg Lasson, EKOioov1:US Kat 7tpoA.oyi~ov"tas Ka"tu to 1923 (19322) "t11 XEYKEA.1avrj AOY1Krj, yPUQ>E1 craQ>Ecrutu (crEA.. XLI): «Mia a7to ns 7tLO O"UV1161crIlEvES at"tiES "t11S 7tA.rjpous 7tapEPIl11vEiaS "t11S XEYKEA.1avrjs AOY1KrjS EYKE1"ta1 oro on au"trj O"UIl7tapa"ti- 6E1:U1 Ka1 cruYKpivE"tat 11& rnv W7tlKrj AOY1Krj, o11A.aorj 11 E7tOVOlla~oIlEv11 9 OO()taKr]<; ME'taq)U()tKr]<; Kat W<; 1tPOO"1t(i8Eta eEJlEAiwO"l1<; Jlta<; VEa<; JlE'tUq)U()tKr]<; eEffipll0"11 <;. 'Etot 11 O"XEO"l1 'tll<; XEYKEAtaVr]<; «Aovucri;» npo; rnv KotVU VOOUJlEVll AOytKr] Jl1tOpEi va eEWPlleEi 'tOO"O aJlq,t()611'tr]()tJlll Kat 1tp06AllJlanKr], 00"0 aV'tiO"'totxa 1tapa1tAaVllnKO<; Jlta<; unoxpunrousvrp; OV'tOAOyia<; stvut Kat 0 'tl1:AO<; H()lK~ 0"'t0 JlEYUAO 6t6Aio 'tOU Llttvosa, Kat uxoun 1taAatO'tEpa 0 'ti'tAO<; II epi cpVClewc; JlE 1:OV orcoto n'tAoq,opouv'tav tu 6t6Aia 'tWV Ilpooroxpntucov 0"1:0- xaO"'tffiv. ° iotO<; 0 XEYKEA OEV oiO"'taO"E va avayvwpiO"El, nooo 1tOAAU Oq,EiAEt 1:0 6t6Aio 1:OU O"E 1tPW'tU'tEPOU<; Kat JlUAtO"'tU EtOtKU O"E fIpoO"WKpanKOU<; 0"1:OxaO"'tE<;2, Kat dpn 1tOO"O At yorspc etvm rn OUVEta nno rnv E1tOVOJlasOJlEvll «romxr]» AOytKr] 'tOU Apt0"1:O'tEAll. Mnopst JlUAtO"'tU vn Et1tWeEi 6u()tJla, on uin nrto r«; 1tLO eEJlEAtffiOEt<; 1tE1tOter]o"Et<; 1tOU orepsoivoov 'tll XEYKEAtavr] Aoyucr], Eivat 11 1tPO'tUO"l1 rnv onotc xupa~E uiu yta 1tuv'tU o rn O"uvEiOllO"l1 'tll<; JlE'tUYEVEorsprp; aVepW1tO'tll'ta<; 0 1tpffi1:O<; Ilpooroxprmxoc OV1:OAOY0<;, Ilupusvtorp; 0 EAEU'tll<; (cetocn. B3): to yap aino voelv iativ te «ai elvoi, 'to Noatv Kat 1:0 Etvm 'tUu'tisov'tat. ME O"XEOOV rtuvouoiotuno 'tP01tO Kat JlEO"a O"'tll xapaK'tll ptO"nKr] 1:OU opoAoyia 0 XEYKEA ea E1taVaAU6Et, atffiVE<; JlE'tU 'tOV IlupusviOll, 't'll eEJlEAtffiOll E1:OU'tll eEO"l1 ypuq,ov'tU<; crnv EYKVKAOnoioeia 01tW<; Kat O"E 1tPOllYOUJlEVO KEiJlEVO 1:OU: « 'O,n eivrn aptcr'ton:AtKTl AOytKTl XP11crtI107tou;i'tat 00<; cr11I1Eio avaopu<;. AUu 11 XEYKEAtaVTl AOytKTl IiEV eXEt Kal1tU crXecr11 I1E uurnv, Kat av'ti9E'ta crUYYEVEUEt UI1Ecra I1E uuro 7tOU 0 Aptcr'tO'teA11<; OVOI1UsEt Meruoucucri.» Fin 'to on 0 ilito<; 0 XeYKEA 7tapalieXE'tat Kat Iita7ttcrnoVEt on «11 uvrucsursvucr] AOytKTl ... 7taipVEt 't11 gecr11 't11<; aUonvTl<; Meiodnxmop;» IiE<; Logik I, crEA. 61-2. dE<; E7ticr11<; Enzyklopadie § 24. 2. Ei7tE KU7tO'tE ern 7tavE7ttcr't11l1taKU 'tau l1a9Tll1a'ta (IiE<; Hegels Werke, Reclarn, Band 18, 320): «dEV U7tUPXEt OU'tE Ilia 7tpo'tacr11 tou HPUKAEt'tOU, 7tOU va l111v 't11V crUI17tEpteAaBa l1ecra cr't11 AOytKTl uou», ME 'to 'ti KamAuBatVE 0 XeYKEA orov I1tAoucrE yta HPUKAEt'tO, 7tOtE<; rirnv Ot 7t11ye<; 7tOU Iite9E'tE, mo<; IitEPI1TlVEUE toix; cr'tOXacrI10UC; Kat n<; apxe<; 't11<; 11paKAEi'tEta<; tAocroia<;, acrxoAEi'tat 'to EI17tEptcr'tU'tOOl1evO BtBAio 'tau N iKOU 'l'11l1l1evou: Hegels Heraklit-Verstandnis, Basel 1978. 10 EAAOYO, stvct 1tpUYIlUnKO, Kat o.n etvm 1tpUYIlUnKo, stvai EAAOYO»3. AAAU. 'ti unopst vn (nWUiVEt UUn] Tj 1tUpuoOI;Tj nporuon; EiVUt OUVU'tO VU mcreuet ern cr06upu EVU<; uv9pro1t0<;, on OEV U1tUPXEt KUlltU napaJ.oyYf 1tpUYllunKo'tTj'tu usou crov xoouo, on Ku9E rt crUIl6uiVEt eVAoya KUt 0xt El;icrou KUAU avopfJoAoya KUt tmip AOYOV; Aurd tu Epron]IlU'tU, 1tOU I;E1tTjOOUV crXEoov onv uurovonru U1tO 'tOY KOtVO YOU, uvuoEixvovtrn U't01tU Kat nsprrtri, UIlEcrro<; 1l0At<; EI;TjYTj9Ei Ecr'tro KUt KU't' EAUXtcr'tO Tj XEYKEAtUVr] svvoio 'tTj<; 1tpuYllunKo'tTj'tu<;. Ano uU'tr] rnv evvoia 9u 1tPE1tEt vo U1tOKAEtcr'tEi Ku9E «El;u~ 9AtrollEVTj r] EtAOCWtKO peUJ.la tOU U5eaAWf1,Ov. Tote J.lOVO unopouv Kani tOV tOWAta"J.lO va gecoP1190uv tu npuYJ.lata co<; aA119tvu, oruv exouv vontlei, upa ouvmuno-ret (oe<; napJ.lev(ol1 o.n.: TO aliro) us t11V nepwXrJ t11<; lOBac;. To (ow us enapKecrtep11 otatuncocr11: To apxtKO Kat teAtKO uno- 6a9po tCOV npaYJ.lUtcov, 011AaOrJ auto ano to ortoto n11YUSouV Kat auto oro onoto rstvouv rn npuYJ.lata crUJ.lcova J.le to v011J.la t11<; unap~rJ<; touc, stvm KatU tOV tOWAta"J.lO to ArtoAUtO, 11 IMa. 'Onox; oteyvcocre J.lta nA119ropa OtaV011trov, ru npuYJ.lata otacrnrovtat cre aA119tvu Kat avaA119rJ, cre npaYJ.lattKU Kat J.l11- npaYJ.lattKU, cre VOOUJ.l&va; Kat dxnvousvo., 'Oou npoooepovtm UJ.lecra rrnz; ata"9rJcret<; Kat ornv Ka911J.l8ptVrJ npocsvytcr11; oev unopoov autOJ.lata va ta"Xucrouv Kat co<; aA119tvu. AAAU stvm stouto uin enapKrJ<; OtKawAoy(a, yta va J.l11v acrxoA11gei J.le aUtU 0 «usrudnxnxo;» tAocrOO<;; 'OXt 6e6ata! AKpt6ro<; uutd rn avaA119rJ Ka9ro<; Kat 11 ozoiu crXecr11 tou<; npo<; t11V aArJgeta anOteAecrav aveKagev eva ano ta xevrpucorspu uvrucetusvu J.leAet11<; tCOV tAocrOCOV. 'H011 0 I1apJ.levi011<; avaYKusetat va otacrnucret to J.l0VaOtKO tAOcrotKO tOU 6t6Aio cre DUO tJ.lrJJ.lata, Kat aou J.leAetrJcret oro nprotO tJ.lrJJ.la to AA119tvo, avaAaJ.l6uvet oro oeutepo tJ.lrJJ.la J.lta supstu e~etacr11 tOU aVaA'l00VC;, co<; nepwXrJ J.lta<; nA119ropee; ano yvroJ.l&<; Kat aVttArJ\jIet<;, ru; onoie; tPEOUV ot uv9pconot crxettKU J.le rn npuYJ.lata5• Msou uno crKoAWU<;. OtacrtOxacrttKou<; OpOJ.lOu<; oOl1yeitat Kat 0 I1AUtCOV ornv n8noi911cr11, Ott tu anat11AU dxnvousvu J.l0AOVOtt oev uvriKOUV rrtov aA119tvo KOcrJ.lO tCOV toerov, oxrrooo oev unopouv va gecoP1190uv 0)<; eVteAro<; unoxouusvu uno uurov, aAAU J.lEcra os J.lta crXEcr11 f1,tOe(,'lC;. 0 XEYKeA 9a avaAu6et us t11 ostpd tOU tOV 6apu U9AO va cruJ.lneptAu6et ru nenepacrJ.lEVa Kat npooxmpu npuYJ.lata !!Ecra cs J.lia Kat t11V autrJ nepwXrJ 5. ~E<; 'to 6t6A.io !lOU: Fuivvn T~a6Iipa, To noinua rov Ilopuevion, «~O!lO<;», A9tlva 1980, 01tOU IlEtapli~ro Kat crXoA.tli~ro 'to Etcrt OtEcr1tacr!lEVO unto xpoccncporuco xsiusvo. 12 'tTJ<; an£pav'tTJ<; tOEa<;, va ouvoqnosi 'to crUVOAO trov PWAtcrnKu Kat toea'tu unapK'tOOv ovtrov w<; uvcnoonorrrrov (JV(JWrlKWV 'tTJ<; iOta<; OAo'tTJ'ta<;, Kat £'tcrt va ouyxporncet 'to tAocroqnKo tou (JV(J7;1Jpa. AAAU srrv npuy~an oru 8qt£Ata svoc tAOcrOtKOU cru()'trJ~a'tO<; xucrKet au'trJ TJ o~u'ta'tTJ OtUKptcrTJ rorv npay~utrov, noo<; stvat Suvaro va evapPOV1(JWVV aU'tu cre ~ta svunc OAO'tTJ'ta, Kat noo<; unopoous ~eeuyoV'ta<; uno tu avaATJ8rJ (uvduson oru onotu ota'tpi60u~e Ka8TJ~ptvu, Kat e~i<; ot iOtot w<; nenspuousvot Kat npooxmpoi uvrixooue), va avaxBovpe orov KOcr~O 'tTJ<; aATJ8tvrJ<; npay~an1(o'tTJ'ta<;; H svcp~OVtcrTJ rorv usv ~e ru oe Kat TJ avaywYrJ ano ru npoo'ta cr'ta oelhepa stvrn ouva'to va ent'twx8ei uovo us utn orepen peBooo, mv onotn Pti,:w~£vo<; rrrnv apxatoeAATJVtKrJ nupdSoon 0 X£YKeA 8a ovoudosi OlaAeKrlKfj (Dialektik). 2. H ()lUAtK'tlKTt JU~OO()OC; rou XtyKtA6 o KOtVO<; votx; cruvrJ8w<; Ssv avai,:TJ'tu Kat Ssv 8ewpei on xpetui,:e'tat xdnotu aucr'tTJprJ J.!£8000, yta va cruAAU6et tu npuYJ.!a'ta erot ono»; uurd stvm. Kat nap' OATJ 'tTJV anAolKrJ crdcrn ron an£vavn oru npuy~a'ta, 0 KotVO<; voix; stvm cre 6. H nnpouou avaopa. cr'tTJ OWA.EK'tlK.., roo XEYKEA. EXE1 ouv cr'tOXo, 01tro<; Ka1 EVYEVE1 TJ «Emayroy.., rou I1E'tapacr't..,», I1W 1tpoo'tTJ nnpouotucu Ka.1t01roV cr't01XEirov, Xropi<; va 1tpOMA.A.E1 ac,loocrE1<; yw 1tA."'PTJ owcra.TJcrTJ .., Ec,ciV'tA.TJcrTJ rou 9El1a'to<; .., av'tlI1E'too1tlcrTJ crUyxpovrov EPI1TJVE1OOV. To 9&l1a; EXE1 1tcil11tOUE<; 1tWXE<; Kat TJ crXE'tlK.., 616A.lOypaia stvm EC,atPE'tlKci 1tA.oucrw. TIapa1t&I11tro; EOOO orov 't0110 1t0\) EC,EOrocrE 0 Rolf-Peter Horstmann, Seminar: Dialektik in der Philosophie Hegels, stw, Frankfurt a.M. 19892 (I9781), 01t0\) 0 avayvoocr'tTJ<; I11tOpEi va 6PE1 I1w KaA..., E1tlA.OY'" npoodxrrorv cip9prov Ka1 1tA.oucrta 616A.lOypaia. 01 KEV'tP1KE<; a1tO\jfE1<; 1t0\) EC,E'tcit;oV'tat oro 616A.io rou Horstmann, E1Vat 01 EC,..,<;: a) 8WA.EK'tlK.., 11&9000<; Ka1 XEYKEA.1av'" AOY1K"', 6) 01 6acrtKE<; Ka'tTJyopiE<;: 'to C,EKivTJl1a, TJ cipVTJcrTJ Kat TJ av'tiacrTJ, y) TIEPlOXE<; Eapl1oy"'<; 'tTJ<; XEYKEA.WV"'<; OWA.ElC't1K..,<;. LXErucn I1E rotx; XWIOU<; nou av'tA.Ei TJ XEYKEA.WV.., uno 'tTJV apxalOEA.A.TJV1K'" 13 8EO"Tj vu 'tU uvnAufl6uve'tat us eUAOYO KUt «rumxd» AOytKO rpono: erot n.X. KU'tUAu6uivet on 'LO OEnpo nou 6AEnet unpocrd roo stvrn oev'tpo, 'LO 'tpunE~t stvor 'tpunEst KUt yeVtKU onoioorptors A stvrn 0 wU'to<; 'tOU, npuYflu non ouyxporet rnv npffi'tTj KUt 6ucrtKo'tepTj UPXll 'tTj<; «tumxric» AoytKll<;: A = A. Ilpoxsrrm UVUflq,t0"61l'tTj'tu ytU uiu UKAOvnm UPXll, 00"0 KUnOto<; uvnfle'tconiset EVU npuYflu fle n<; iOte<; 'LOU ru; utcr81l0"et<;, KUt Otu1ttO"'tffivet on 'LO 'tuoe 'tpunEst etvor 'tpunEst KUt OXt O"ni'Lt' uU'tll 'tTj 6e6uto'tTj'tu nupExet Tj aflw17 enuq,ll us ru npuYfluw. AAAU 0 OtUAeKnKu cxsnrouevoc UvuKuAUmet flEO"U o"w npuYflu'tU Kun neptO"O"o'tepo uno 'LOV euoro 'LOU<;. A vUKuMmet n.x. on uoro non 'tffipu eivoi oEnpo, usrd uno Aiyo &v; eivai nupu EVU 'tpunEst, KUt fle'tU uno KUnOto XPOVtKO OtUornuc xpTjcrtflonoiTjO"Tj<; flnopei vu KUei ouv KUUO"O~UAO KUt vc unoxrrioet eneAffi<; UAAU ouo-rrmxd - upu tOCOflEVO OtUXPOVtKU 'LO oeV'tPO Kat eivoi KUt &v; eivtu OEnpo, 'to 'tpunEst KUt srvut KUt Oev srvm 'tpunEst· UAAU UKOflU Kat flEO"U O"'tTjV iOtu O"nYflll: 'LO 'tuOe 'tpunEst eivai flEO"U oro O"UAOVt, &v; eivoi flEO"U O"'tTjV Kpe66u'toKUflUPU, eivai Kuq,e'ti KUt uoxpoorsvo, &v; eivoi flUUPO KUt 'te'tpuycovo, upu 'tuu't0XPovu KUt ervm KUt oev stvm. 0 OtUAeKnKu O"Kemoflevo<; uvuYKuse'tut vo nupuoeX'tei on A = flTj-A, on Ku8e rt unopst vu toco8ei Kat CO<; uniee'to uno 'LOV WU'tO 'LOU, CO<; Kun rtoo uno'teAei flta nAll pTj uvuipeO"ll 'LOU. Autr] Oev ervm, 6E6uta, fltU KUtVOUptU OtuniO"'tCOO"Tj' 'tTj<; EKUflUV XPllO"Tj ot O"Oq,tO"'tE<; KUt 'tTjV E6uAUV co<; 8eflEAto Ot O"KennKtO"'tE<;, ytU vu oei~ouv on stvat uMvu'LO vu nup8ei flta uovocruiuvrn unoq,uO"Tj ytU 'to 'ti KUt nffi<; KUt uv etvm rn npuYflu'tU. AAAU flEO"U uno uU'tll 'tTj XPllO"Tj Kat KU'tUXPTjO"Tj rou OtUAeKnKou O"'totXeiou ~enTjM fltU uA1l8eta, nou 0 XEYKeA 8u 6UAet co<; UKAOVTj'LO 8eflEAto OAOKATjpOU roo O"uO"'tllflU'tO<; 'LOU: on Ku8e nenspnousvo Kat rtpooxmpo npUYflU stvm evr6~ eaotob uvrtouruco, neptExet OTjAUOll flEO"U OlUAEK'tlKr] OEe; rn KElIlEVU nOD E~EOO)(jE npomjJu'tu 0 Manfred Riedel (Hrsg.): Hegel und die antike Dialektik, stw, Frankfurt a. M. 1990. 14 'tOU Kat 'to aV'ti8E'tO 'tOU suuro» 'tOU, ~E uiu a8tlPtt11 avaYKatornru non 'to E~avaYKai;:Et va ntpstm unepdvoi too enuro» tou Kat va ootoavoipenoi', Eow npoEXouV OXt ma ot KOUtEt; Kat EmnOAatE<; uvriodoe«; non 9a EKpaO"Et 0 Ka9E «E~Unvoc» (<tC>'ttlt;»), aAAa ~ta EO"CO'tEPtKtl 'taO"l1 rrov iotcov trov npay~a'tcov noo tu avaociXVEt co<; Kan EV'tEAW<; aV'ti8E'tO uno o.n ocixvov'tat va sivrn xur ' apxtlv. OAOKA11P11 11 napaooO"wKtl AOytKtl aAAa Kat 11 Ka911~EptVtl i;:COtl reov av9pwncov crt11Pii;:E'tat O"'t11v nEnoie11O"l1 nou EKpai;:E'tat uno tnv «apXtl 't11<; ruurornrce;»: A = A. TIw<; stvct ~aVtKa ouva'to va aKupco9Ei amtl 11 «apXtl», Kat ern 9EO"l1 't11t; va unst Eva 'tOO"O napaoo~o «~EKiV11~a» (vspuuvucd: Anfang) 00"0 nuto ~E 'to onoto apxii;:Et 0 XEYKEA 't11 Aoyucr] 'tOU;8 L\EV cocuporvovrut uovouuic tu mivtu, oruv yta 'tinota ma OEV unopooue va nou~E ~E 6E6ato't11'ta on eivoi auto Kat Oxt Kan av'ti8E'to; L\EV oOl1you~aO"'tE O"'t11v avanoaotcrucorrrrc ron O"KETC'ttKtO"'ttl, O"'t11V 1tAtlP11 a6E6ato't11'ta yta 'ta nrivtn, tl EO"'tCO O"E evov anapaoEK'to napaAoytO"~O; AU'tEt; ot EpCO'ttlo"Et<; OEV EXOUV E8w aAAo v011~a, napa va np06A11- urrncoov O"XEnKa JlE uuro 'to 'tOA~l1PO ~EKiv11~a 't11<; XEYKEAWVtlt; AoytKtl<;, noo tC>Xupii;:E'tat: «To Etvm Kat 'to ~l1OEV 'tau'tii;:oV'tat»9. 0 npoO"EKnKO<; avayvwO"'tll<; 9a i;:l1'ttlO"Et 6E6ata Kat' apXtlv ~ta E~tlY11O"l1, yw 'to 'ti O"l1Jlaivouv nurot Ot OPOt: «Ervm» Kat «Jl11OEv». Kat uovo aou E~aKpt6wo"Et 'to nAtlPEt; nepzexoj1evo roix; 9a unoprxrst va anoav9Ei, Ka'ta noco npoxerrm EOW yta Jlta O"'tEPE11 AOytKtl apXtl tl yta evcv 7. ~E~ Enzyklopadie § 81. 8. M' srouro OEV geAro v« 1tro on 0 XeYKEA unopptnrst LT)V apXtl t11~ tuutotntnq ,.Ha tstotu nupepunvstc 9a tlLaV oM9pta yta rnv xcrcvoncn reov 1tp0gecrEcOv rou, 0 XeYKEA otamcrtcOVEt o~ro~ t11V aVEmipKEta auttl~ t11~ apXtl~ yta uin OVtoAOytKtl 9E~EAirocr11 t11~ AOytKtl~, Kat yt' auto acrKEi uin O~ULat11 KpmKtl orov opflaAlaflO 1tOU U1tOMAAEt roco 11 «apXtl t11~ rourornre;» (OE~ Enzyklopadie § 115 }211~.), oco Kat 11 «apXtl t11~ avtiaorp;» tl «apXtl ron a1tOKAEtO~EVOU rptrou» (OE~ Enzyklopadie §§ 117-9), Kat 11 «apXtl rou E1tapKOU~ 9E~eAtOU» (OE~ Enzyklopadie § 121 }211~·)· 9. ~E~ Enzyklopadie § 88 }211~. 15 napaAOYt90uv m<; anoAU'te<; aatpEcre1<;, m<; EVVOle<; «eve; nepleXOfl.evov, m<; xrrn eneAffi<; unpoofiiopioro. Ka1 npuy~an, sdv ano Eva 'tpanEs1 Kuvou~e aaipecrTJ oAmv rrov 10101:11'tmv 'tOU, (sdv n.x. napa~epicrou~e 1:0 yeyovor; on ouvtcrunn ano ~UAO rl cri8epo, ano 'tuoe 6a9~0 crKATJPo'tTJ'ta<;, ano 'tuoe xpffi~a, ~Eye90<;, crXtl~a K'tA.), rots TJ nAtlPTJ<; xevotma nou urrousvst, TJ P1S1Ktl unoixnn trov nunmv, Eva crKE1:O «stvnu xmpi<; Ka'tTJyopou~evo, ~a<; 08TJyei oro on 8ev etvor tinota - upa 'tau'tise'ta1 ~e 'to ~TJMv. Av nou~e on 'to 'tpanEs1 nEpa ano ru; ozoie; 1010'tTJ'tE<; 1:OU «srvm», onors Ssv unopoous va 'tOU an08fficrou~e oure xuv 'tTJV 1010'tTJ'ta 'tTJ<; unap~TJ<;, stvrn ouv va 'to mU1:isou~e ~e 1:0 rtnotn, us 1:0 «Ssv etvm». Tlorro ~UAAOV oruv Ssv Exou~e unpoord ~a<; (ours unpoord orn ~una ~a<;, outa ~Ecra ornv napucr'tacrtl ~a<;) uuro 1:0 cruYKeKp1~EvO npuy~a nou stvm Eva 'tpanEs1, napu uovo 'tTJV Ka9aptl aaipecrTJ rtou anat'tei TJ M~TJ Eivar TJ anoAu'tTJ aaipecrTJ nep1exo~evou 'tau'tise'tat us 'to un-Eivoi (f11J&v;). Ttvstrn 1:OUAUxtEPOUV, Ka1 va 'ta avn81acr'tEAAe1 ~e cratlveta. Etvm AOl1tOV 1KaVtl va 6Mne1 on Kuge A oev stvm uovo 0 eau'to<; rou, aAAu stvat emnAEov Kun uvouoio Ka1 aV'tige'to uno Kun UAAO' on n.x. 'to ucrnpo 81aEpe1 uno 1:0 uuupo, 'to aATJ91VO uno 'to ecraA~Evo, 1:0 TJ91KO uno 'to aVtl91Ko. AAAU TJ 81uvOla ~Epe1 uovo va eV'tonise1 Kat va crrrmconotet tu 81aopenKu, Kat E'tcrt va tu avnnapa9E'te1 ox; aAATJAOanOKAe1o~eva' au'ttl TJ OlaKPlTlKr, ucovorrrru ervm ava~lcr6tlrnru XPtlcrt~TJ, aAAu Y1a uiu nATJPEcr'tepTJ geffipTJcrTJ trov npay~u'tmv avenapKtl<;. Anoraxeounrucorepn aivrn Ka'tu rov 16 XEYKeA eKeiV11 11 uv9pol1ttV11 tKUVO't11ta, 1WU btU1tt(Ho'lVet on UKOf..lU KUt ru EcrXU'tU uV'tige'tu stvm buvu'to VU evupf..lovi~ovrm, vu UAA11AoneptExovtat Kat vn UAA11 AOetcr8Douv. Au'Ll] stvor 11 AOYIKft ucavotnta (vspuuvucd: Vernunft). Autr] btuntcrrovst on f..lEcrU cs Kage rt Kpu6e'tut Kan bwopenKo ro~ dpvnori 'LOU, non ouo»; bev cruvenaye'tut EVUV dusoo unoKAetouo 'LOU, uAAa f..ltU uAA11AocruVUuvcr11. H AOytKr] tKUVO't11ta unopst va btu6AEnet sxstvn 't11V aAA'1 btacr'tucr11 nco 0 XEYKeA ovof..la~et «Gempnouncrj» (spekulativ) 10, 't11 btacr'tucr11 non OXt f..lOVO unoKuAun'tet nicrro uno Kage rt 'to uV'tige'to rou, uAAa KUt cruf..lneptAuf..l6avet tu 8Do uV'tige'm ro~ evupf..lovt~Ousvu f..lEcrU os EVU rptro. 'Erot n.x. Ssv upxstrm vu btU1ttcr'tcOoat on 'LO Etvm cruf..lnimet f..le 'to f..l11Mv, uAAa UvuKuAUmet KUt 'to yiyveatku ro<; EVU rptrov opo, f..lEcrU crov onoio Ot bUO nponvoouevot ouvunriprouv: 'to yiyvecr9ut eiVat eKeiv11 11 f..le'ta6ucr11, Ku'ta 't11V onotn Kan ~eeuyet uno 'LO f..l11bEv· Kat f..le'tu6uivet (us yevw'1) oro Etvm, r] KUt uvrto-rpoou ~eeuyet uno 'to Etvm KUt f..leta6uivet (us cf>Oopa) cro f..l11Mv· f..le uoro 'LO V011f..lU 'to yiyvecr9at neptKAeiet f..lEcrU 'LOU ru 8Do nporn» tepa «cr'tabtu» OXt e~uuvi~oV'ta~ rn, uAAa ouvdntovrdc ru KUt bW't11PcOVta~ ru os svornru. Fin va XUPUK't11picret uU'tr] 't11V svcpuovicn rcov uvn9E'trov 0 XEYKeA XP11crtf..lOnotei uin yepf..lUVtKr] AE~l1 (Aufhebung, f..le'tupa~ro: «nvatpeon»), non f..lEcrU cr'LOV noAucrr]f..lUV'to XUpUK'tr]pu 't11~ Ku'tOp9cOvet vu b11AcOVet oAe~ UU'tE~ ru; npa~et~: b11AcOVet 't11V tcaiapynon 't11<; uvngenKo't11'tu~ f..lEcrro 't11<; avvlflwaftc; 't11~ cre f..lW KUtVOUptU evornru (<r], nou bev stvut UKOf..lU cs 9Ecr11 vu cruAAa6et 'tOY nOAunAoKo Kat eororepncd btuopOnOt11f..lEVO 10. ~Et; Enzyklopadie §§ 82, 235-7. 17 XUpUK'ttlPU 'tOU n8EIlEVOU opou' uuto non Ka8E opac; (= uv'ti8Euvi~oV'tut us 'tTJV eKUTJPTJ~EVO, 01tW~ rJ'LaV 0 nAU'tWVtKO~ KOcr~O~ 'tWV tOemv, UAAU Kun EcrXU'tU ouyxsxpi~EVO Kat U1teP1tArJPe~ os npocotoptouevo 1tePteXO~eVO. Tu 1tUV'tU eom EXOUV uvuX8Ei os tOEU, Kt EXet eltt'twX8ei TJ U1tOAU'tTJ eVO'tTJ'tU 'tTJ<; vOTJcrTJ~ KUt 'LOU Etvrn. AAAU uU'trJ TJ «ouooropeoon» trov 1tUV'tWV ~EcrU crrnv tOEU OeV 1tpE1tet vn Ku'tuvoTJ8Ei eltt1tOAatU ouv vu crXTJ~u'ti~e'tat KU1tOtO «ouvov- 8UAeU~U». 0 XEYKeA oiVet vo KU'tUAUBou~e on os Ku8e 1tUpUJ.ltKPO BrJ~u 'tTJ~ 'tPtUOtKrJ~ OtaAeKnKrJ~ 1tOpEiu~ 0 eKUcrore rptro; opo; OeV U1tO'teAEi EVU 'tcrouBUAt, 01tOU u1t08TJxsuovmt Ot nporryouuevot, UAA' U1to'teAei 'tTJV avaytcoia (JvvBfW.'l ytU 'tTJ ouvu'to'tTJ'tu 'LOU~. Auto 1tOU KU'tU 'tTJV 1tOPeiU e~uvi~e'Lat W~ oorepo, EiVat 'to OV'LOAOytKU rtpornrrepo, ytu'ti stvat 'LO 8e~EAtO 01tOU nuroucs (eotro KUt uv ucrUVetOTJroxotntu) 0 1tpm'LO~ KUt 0 OeU'tePO~ opoc. H 1teptOXrJ 'tTJ~ tOEU~ XUpUK'tTJ pi~e'tUt U1tO 'LO on Ku8tcr'tu PTJ'to KUt svepvo, nuro 1tOU ~Ecru ornv 1teptOXrJ ron Etvm U1trJPXe uovo OUVU~et (<tKrj opaO"t11ptOtTp:a, Kat rn cvnxstusvucd OEOO~Eva 1tOU uvttxetvtm crt11 V011O"11, ro<; KUtt uusrcxtvnro Kat ~EXropO. AA.A.U auto<; 0 OUto"~o<; OEV Eivat 11 aA.rj8Eta, Kat stvo.t a1tEptO"KEljlia vn EKA.a~6uvovtat Ot Kat11yopiE<; t11<; U1tOKEt~EVtKOt11ta<; Kat t11<; uvrucstuevtKOt11ta<; a1tpo6A.11~utto"ta Kat xropi<; E~EtaO"11 t11<; Katayroyrj<; rouc.» H V011ttKrj nopetn OEV stvm A.Ol1tOV Katu tOY XEYKEA. KUtt a1tA.w<; U1tOKEt~EVtKO, Kat avtiO"tpoa rn uvrucstusvc yivovtat aVttKEt~EVtKU uovo yla t11 V011O"11· 14. ,iE<; W.T. Stage 19552, o"EA.. 107. 20 VOJlOU<; cvruceuievucru; Kat «8EWPTJcrtUKri<;» UVUYKUtOtTJtu<; UAATJAEVOEtOU<; JlE ru iOta ru Ilpdyunru. 3. H AOYlKT) Kal 11 OVtOA.0YlKT) aA. T)OEm LUJlll<; r11<; stvor ~OV6ltAEUP11 Kat Kura TOUTO IjIw1ill<;». 21 11 1tapac)'tacr11 1tOU EXOU~E Yla tu 1tpay~a'ta. 'Ornv 1t·X· EKcoviu~, UAAa vu 'tOY UnOKU'tUO"'trjO"El IlEO"U O"'t11v UArjOElU 'tOU. Min 6UCHKrj nupEPIl11VElU uutou ron OPlO"Il0U EYKEl'tUl cro ott ru npaYllu'tu iO"xuO"uv co~ Ka'tl 'tEAElCOIlEVO Kat uuOunnpxro, YlU rnv npuYIlU'tlKO't11'tU rou onotou OEV OEcoprj011KE unUpUl't11't11 11 V011O"l1' uno IlEPOU~ 't11~ 11 V011O"l1 iO"XUO"E co~ Ka'tl EAAl1tE~, co~ oAoKArjpCOO"l1 ron onotou OEcoprj011KE 11 npoO"OrjK11 ron UnUpUl't11'tOU UAlKOU npoc o"KE\jIlVI8. 'OIlOlU Kat KU'ta 't11V EKopa IllU~ KpiO"l1~ OEcoprj011KE ort O"UVUP't(ovrm 000 uVE~ap't11'tu Kat uuOunupK'tU OV'tU, 'to UnOKElIlEVO Kat 'to KU't11YOPOUIlEVO' OEcoprj011KE on 'to UnOKElIlEVO stvm KanolO npaYllu rj KanolO~ opoc nou uiO"'tu'tat UV'tlKElIlEvucd, EVro 'to KU't11YOpouIlEVO 6piO"KE'tat Kanou E~CO uno 'to npaYllu, iO"co~ IlEO"u crnv uVOpromv11 o"KE\jI11 , xut XPElasE'tat IllU P11'trj O"UVUPIlOAOY11O"rj roue, nou uno'tEAEl 't11v KpiO"l1 19. AAAa Utl'tE~ Ol OlXO'tOllrjo"El~ npaYIlU'tO~-V011O"l1~ rj UnOKElIlEVOU-KU't11YOPOUIlEVOU etvm KU'ta 'tOY XEYKEA OV'tOAOYlKa unupaOEK'tE~, KUl 11 EUPU'W't11 XP11CHllonoi11O"rj roue IlEO"U O"'t11V nupuooCHUKrj AOYlKrj 00l1YOUV cro 6upu'tu'tO EnUKOAOUOO 't11~ unroAEta~ KaOE npoonrucru; yta UArjOEta. 0 XEYKEA UVUOEiXVE'Wl E'tCH nporronopoc ()'t11V npoO"naOElU YlU IllU OV'tOAOYlKrj OEIlEAicoO"l1 't11~ 1l0plKrj~ AOYlKrj~ navco 0"'t11 6lKrj AOYlKrj, 11 onotu IlEAE'ta ru; xptcs«; Kat 'tOU~ O"UAAOYlO"Il0U~ co~ uuOunupK'tU KEaAatU, 0 XEYKEA tu EV'taO"O"El 0"'t11 «OlOUO"KUAiu nEpi 't11~ EVVOlU~», 11 onoto uno'tEAEl 'to 'tPl'tO Kat 'tEAEtl'tuio IlEPO~ 't11~ AOYlKrj~ 'tOu20• To 18. dEC; Logik I, crEA,. 37. 19. dEC; Enzyklopadie § 166 Lllll. 20. dEC; Enzyklopadie §§ 160-244. 23 H Ll'lEa xa8' £0 - ~~--------------------- ~- ~~ s 1 ~---------- r------------~~------------ o "'" -.3 ~- if> Q g-J; ,§~ ~-.= t.n~ 5 ~ o '" 0- -.3 .... Q 1tw<; KpivOU~E Kat crUAAOYl~o~acr'tE, ~1tOPel AOl1tOV Kanl 'tOY XEYKEA va Ka'taVOTJOEi, ~OVO EOcrOV 'tEOel co<; OE~EAlO aunl TJ EUpl)cTJ'ta 1tEPlEXO~EVOU 1tOU etvrn TJ EVVOla. 'Ooov aopu 'to 1tp06ATJ~a 'tTJ<; aArlOEla<; 0 XEYKEA KUVEl 'tTJV E~rl<; ola1ticr'tcocrTJ: aArlOEla xrn \jIEUOO<; OEV nporrou- 1tUPXEl crru; KpicrEl<; rl crouc crUAAOyl()~OU<;, aAAu U1tUPXEl rlOTJ crnv EVVOla. 0 1tPCOLaPXlKO<; 't01to<; 'tTJ<; aArlOEla<; stvrn TJ evvour. Touro Ota1tlmWvE'tat xrn uno ru; KaOTJ~EplVE<; ~a<; Kou6EV'tE<;: xapaK'tTJpi~oU~E 1t.x. aATJOlVO Eva iAO ~a<;, E1tElOrl Ol 1tpU~El<; 'tOU ervm crU~~E'tPE<; 1tp0<; rnv evvoia 'tTJ<; lAia<;' Eva EPYO 'tEXVTJ<; xapaK'tTJ pi~E'tat co<; aATJOlVO, E1tElOrl cvrunoxptvstut o t«; a1tal'trlcrEl<; 'tTJ<; 'tEXVTJ<;21. av'tiOE'ta nutri tn ovro xapaK'tTJpi~ov'tal co<; Ki60TJAa xm \jIEUOrl, orov nnpo'tTJPel'tat uin olucr'tacrTJ uvdusou crrnv U1tap~rl 'tOU<; Kat crnv iVVOlU roue. AULO cnumvsi on TJ AeKrlKfJ Ola'tU1tcocrTJ 'tTJ<; aArlOEla<; rl 'tOU \jIEUOOU<; E~ap'tU'tat uno rnv OVWAOY1KfJ EYYUrnru 'tCOV 1tpay~u'tcov cr'tTJv EVVOlU roue - Kat 0Xl uvncrpodm. H svvotu stvm Ka'tu 'tOY XEYKEA TJ Ka'topOCO~EVTJ uuronVU1t'tU~TJ EVO<; atVO~EVOU a1to 'tTJ Suvcrorntu rrrnv 1tpay~arucornrc. Ti Oa 1tEl E'tOU'tO; 0a nst Ka't' apXrlv, on 0 XEYKEA 6AE1tEl rnv EvvOla ~Ecra ce uiu E~EAlKnKrl (<lAOO"OlAOO"OtAocrotAocroq,ia rou 1tVEu~a"CO<;27. 0 XEYKEA OEV 1tapaA£l1tEt va rovtoet on 11 zlJta OEV a1tO"CEAd Eva E1tt~EPOU<; uvrucstuevo 1tOU unopst va ava"CE9ci cr"Cll Sucmoooctn ~ta<; a1to aU"CE<; n<; 1tEP1OXE<;, aAAa Ota1tEpVa Kat ru; rpsu; ffi<; apXtKO Kat "CEAtKO KEV"CPO. Etvot E1ticrll<; craq,E<; on uvdusou o ' aU"CE<; ru; 1tEP1OXE<; OtE;aYE"Cat ~ta OtaAEKnKrl xtvnon, 1tOU 0011Yci Ka"C' avaYKllV a1tO rnv 1tPro"Cll cr"C11 OEU"CEPll Kat a1to "Cll OEU"CEPll crnv rptrr] ~E "Cacrll yta oAoEva nepiccotepn crUYKExptuevonoinon Kat eororepuco E~1tAOuncr~O. L' nuro OEV avnq,acrK£l "CO ycyOVO<; on rlOll 11 1tPro"Cll uno aU"CE<; ru; q,tAocrOq,tKE<; 1tEP1OXE<;, 11 E1tlcr"Crl~l1 "Cll<; AoytKrl<;28, stvrn ucuvr] va ~a<; 0011YrlcrEt Effi<; rnv anoAV7:1J zlJta. Tou"CO yta"Ci aU"Crl 11 q,tAocrOq,tKrl1tEP1OXrl EXEt va KaVEt ~E rnv toea os Kaeap~ ~opq,rl, 011AaOrl a1t' apXrl<; ~EXPt "CEAOU<; OtE;aYE"Cat E;ffi uno rnv Ka911~EplVrl eurtstptu, ~E uovo Eq,001O rnv 26. dEC; I1apJlEvilhl urtocn. B 8,43 Kat EJl1tEIiOKA.tl a1tocr1t. B 27-9 (Diels - Kranz). 27. dEC; Enzyklopadie § 18. 28. 0 XEYKEA.laVOc; opo; «emornun» (Wissenschaft) IiEV O"UJl1ti1ttEI JlE auto 1tOU KataA.a6aivoUJlE crtlJlEpa otuv JllA.UJlE Yla SEtlKEC; tl SEOOPlltlKEC; EmcrttlJlEC;, Yla ucrtKO-JlaSllJlatlKEC; tl KOlVOOVlKEC; Emm:tlJlEC;. 0 opo; etvm 1toM eupUtEPOC;, Ylati crUJl1tEplAaJl6uVEI ta no.vra ooC; aVtlKEiJlEVO tllC; EmcrttlJlllC;, aA.A.u 1tUVtotE KUtOO uno EKEivO to ljJZAOO'O(PZKO 6A.EJlJla, 1tOU xutopfkovet va avuYEI rnv 1tA.llSWpa tOOV 1tUVtOOV crE svorrrm. 0 titA.oC; tOU 1tapovtoc; 616A.iou, H [',ltla!~J11'/ !I'/C; AOYZK~C;, 1tPE1tEI A.Ol1tOV va KataVOllSEi JlE Eva llilOW1tO vonun 1tOU va 1tpOcrEyyi~El KU1tOOC; auto 1tOU Sa oVOJlU~aJlE: tPzAoaoljJia !I'/C; A OY1K~C; (lillA.alitl IA.ocrol1crll 1tUVOO ern JlOplKtl AOYlKtl, ercn WcrtE va a1toKaA.u80uv ru OvtOA.0YlKU tllC; 8EJlEAla), 01tOOC; JllA.UJlE Yla IA.ocroia tOOV Ma811JlatlKWV tl tllC; UcrtKtlC;· 29 KaElaprJ vOIJaIJ. AU1:0 stvm avaIJC; Kat yta Ilta 'tEAtKrJ nVeV/la7:lKfJ avaDinAroO"l1 IlE'ta ano 't11V au'tOE~ro'tEpiKCUO"l1 0"'t11 UiPE<;: 't11 cruipu ron Eivoi, 't11<; oooio; Kat 't11<; {;VVOla~, Ot 01tOiE<; ~E 't11 crEtpa roue XUPUK't11pi~ov'tut U1tO nepnrrspm btUAEK'ttKe<; U1tObtUtpecrEt<;. Eivm UVEPO ott 11 1tPcO't11 cruipu exnpooronet 't11V 1tEPtOXri 't11<; a~Ecr11<; (1t.X. (ucr811't11PtUKri<;) 1tpocreyytcr11<;, UKO~l1 ul1P11~ev11<; Kat usou ce KU'tacr'tucr11 bUVU'tO't11'tU<; (an sich), 11 bEll'tEP11 cruipu exnpooroxst rnv 1tEPtOXri 't11<; btUcrKE1t'ttKri<; uvubi1tArocr11<; (fur sich) KUt apu ~tu<; cruVEtb11't01tOt11~ev11<; uv'tieEcr11<; ornv uuscornru, EVcO 11 'tpiT11 cruipu U1tO'tEAEl 't11 crUV8Ecr11 rrov 800 nponvouuevorv, crUV8Ecr11 u~EcrO't11'tU<; - ~EcroAa611cr11<;, buvU'tO't11'tU<; - EVEPY01toi11cr11<;, routorrrn«; - btuopo1toi11- cr11<;, KUt uvuyroyri 't11<; UV'tt8E'ttKO't11'tU<; cr't11 veu uuecornru 1tOU stvm 11 svvoin Kat 11 tbeu35• otn 1:0tA.o (RefJexionsbegriffe) C1.1tCl.11P11- J.lEVO), ot rpsu; aU'tE~ M~Et~ €ivat OUO'V011'tE~ orov AaJ.l8uvovtrn ~Ex())pa, E1tEtOi) 1tapa1tEJ.l1tOUV O'E xdrt 6...1...1.0, J.lEO'()) 'tOU onoiou yivov'tat O'uvi)8())~ Ka'tavo11'tE~: uxoiryovtr«; 't11 M~11 «Etvrn», 1tEptJ.lEVOUJ.lE va cxoucooue O'E 'ti uvuosperm, 1t.X. «to Etvm 'tOU av8pc01tou», «ro Etvrn 'tOU E>EOU»' nnpouoi« Kat J.lE 't11 AE~11 «oucno» (1t·X· «11 oootu rrov 1tpayJ.lu't())V», «11 ouofu 't11~ ~())i)q» Kat aKOJ.la 1tEPtO'O'O'tEPO J.lE 't11V «EVVOta» (1t·X· «11 svvotn 't11~ EAw8Epiaq>, «11 EVVOta 't11~ ~())i)~»). 0 XEYKEA XPTJO'tJ.101tOt€i au'tE~ ru; M~Et~ onv va J.l1tOPOUV va 0''tU80uv aU8U1tapK'ta, va EK1tPOO'())1ti)O'ouv oV'tO't11'tE~ 1tOU OEV XPEtU~ov'tat KU1tOta nepmrepro uvuoopd. TIO'tE OEV MEt on «11 evvoto» €ivat O'E 'tEAtKi) aVUAUO'11 «11 EVVOia 'tOU Bsou» i) «TJ EVVOta ron A1tOAU'tOU», yta'ti E'tO't EXEt i)011 unooructo- 1tOt118€i. Eivrn ())O''tOO'O OtKawAoY11J.lEVO, 'tOUAUXtO''tO O'E utn 1tPcO't11 1tpoO'EyytO'11, va 8U~OUJ.lE Ka'tu YOU utn rsrotu E1tE~i)Y11O'11, EUV OEV 8EAOUJ.lE va 1tEAayoopOJ.li)O'OUJ.lE O'E J.lta 1tA11- 8cOpa AE~E())V X())pi~ V011J.la. AAAU J.lta ())ptJ.lO'tEP11 1tpOO'EYYtO'11 J.l1tOp€i va 1tPOO'EPEt 't11V Ka'tavo11O'11, on OEV €ivat eva 1tpuYJ.la 11 oixnu Kat eva 6...1...1.0 0 8EO~, cOO''tE va J.ltAUJ.lE yta 't11V «ouotc 'tOU Bsou»: yta'ti 11 ouO'ia 'tau'ti~E'tat J.lE 'tOY 8EO' 'to iow O'uJ.l8aivEt J.lE 'to Etvm Kat J.lE 't11V EVVOta. Kat aKOJ.la 8a8u'tEpa XPEtU~E'tat va Ka'tavo118€i, on 'to Etvci, 11 oootu Kat 11 svvour aEvo~ 'tau'ti~ov'tUt, aE'tEpoU &v; 'tau'ti~ov'tat J.lE 'toy 8EO' aEvo~ 'tau'ti~ov'tat, aE'tEpoU OEV 'tUu'ti~ov'tat J.lE 'tOY iow 'tOY EUU'tO roue: yta'ti a1tO'tEAouV araJza (Kat J.lUAtcru avnanKU Kat uuronvmpouusvn) J.lEO'a O''t11V nopeto npoc 'to A1tOAU'tO. 33 5. H JlEl'clA1) Kat 1) JltKPlt AOl'tKlt o Georg Wilhelm 'Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) EKOioEt r\oTj oru 37 ron XPOVta, 'to 1807, Eva ceto rn 1tW 6aeuO"'toXaoru 6t6Aia 'tTje; VEO'tEpTje; E1tOXr\e;, 'tTj lPalVOf1eVoAoyia rov nveouatoc", Auto 'to VEaVtKO 6t6Aio OEV O"'t(ieTjKE ucuvo va 1tPOO"EPEt I.lla allEO"Tj avayvcOptO"Tj O"'tTj IlEyaAoUta roo O"uyypaEa Kat Ilta OptO"nKr] E1taYYEAllanKr] 'tOU a1tOKa'taO"'taO"Tj. Tov allEO"roe; E1t0IlEVO XPOVO 0 XEYKEA apxi~Et va OtMO"KEt O"E Eva YUllvaO"w 'tTje; NUPEIl6EpYTje;, Kat Sa XPEtaO"'tEl va nspdO"OUV oxouu OK'tcO XPOVta yta va Ka'taAa6Et Ilta Eopa tAOO"oiae; O"E Iluvemo-rruno. Kurd 'tTj OtapKEta 'tTje; 1tapaIlOVr]e; 'tOU O"'tTj NUPEIl6EPYTj O"uyypaEt Kat EKOiOEt O"E rpsu; 't0IlOUe; rnv Emoinpn tnc; AOY1KfJC;37. Auto 'to EK'tEVEe; Kat vonuntucd OUO"1tPOO"t'tO 6t6Aio avaEpE'tat O"Uvr\eroe; roe; «IlEyaATj Aovucri», Kat IlE unto 'tOY 't£'tAO otaKpivE'tat nno 'tTj «lltKPr] Aovucr]», Tj onoto 1tapoucrta~E'tat IlE'tapaO"IlEVTj O"'tOV nupovru rouo. I1tE~OIlEVOe; uno rnv aVal'KTj, va EKeEO"Et crooc ot'tTj'tEe; ron Ilnvemo-rruuou 'tTje; Xai:OEA6EPYTjg IlE Ka1troe; a1tAoDO"'tEPO Kat neptaxtucotspo 'tP01tO tn OtOaYlla'ta 'tTje; AoytKr\e; ron aAAa Kat OAOKATjPOU roo tAoO"otKOD rou oucrriuuroc, 0 XEYKEA EKOiOEt 'to 1817 rnv EYKvKAonaiOeIa rwv q>lAOaoc/>lKwv eniatmuov ae emrof1fJ. EYXelpiolO yta tu; napoooaeu; rov38, O"E 36. 0 1tA:11PTte; 'ti'tA.oe; nutou roo BtBA.iou EXEt roe; E~T)e;: Eixrtnua 7:'Ie; enunnunc; Ilptoto uepoc: H arvoJl.evoAoyia rov nveinuno; (System der Wissenschaft. Erster Theil, die Phdnomenologie des Geistes. Bamberg - Wiirzburg 1807). Eivrn UYEpO on 0 XEYKl:A. l:ylhuEpE'tUt T)OTt (J' uuro 'to BtBA.io ytU fUU ooatnuaiucn nupouotucn 'tau (J'tOxu(Jf.lOU 'tOU, UKptBE(J'tl:PU: ytU f.ltU OA.OKA.T)pro(JTt svo; tA.O(JOtKOU (Ju(J'tT)f.lu'toe; (JUf.l1tl:ptA.Tt1tnKOU OA.OKA.TtPTte; 'tTte; tA.O(JOtKT)e; l:1tl(J'tT) f.lTt e;. 37. Wissenschaft der Logik. Auto 'to BtBA.io U1to'tl:A.El'tUt U1tO Mo f.lEPTt: tnv avtucsiuevncn AOytKT), 1tOU l:Koiol:'tut (J'tTt Nupl:f.lBEpyTt cs OVO rouoix Ku'ta tu E'tTt 1812-13, KUt rnv V1tOKelJl.eVIK~ AOytKT), 1tOU l:Koiol:'tut ern Nupl:f.lBEpyTt 'to 1816. 38. Encykloptidie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse. 34 XVI +288 O"EAioE<;, 1WU uzootmpstrm O"E rptn ~EPll: Emo rrjur] HI<; AOY1KTl<; (O"EA. 1-126), lAOO"OlAOO"OZAO(JOf/>lKWV enunmubv stvm EVa Ko.A.O ~EKivT]!lo. Ylo. tOY o.PXUPIO !!EA.EtT]tTt tT]<; 1A.ocroio.<; rou XEYKEA.. LtT]V tEA.wto.io. !lOpTt, uno 01tOU !!Eto.put;ro EOOO, T] EYKVKAOnai&la; 1tpocrEPEtal !lUA.lcrto. Yla !lUT]crT] tOU cr1tOuoacrtTt cto XEYKEA.lo.VO 1A.OcrOIKO crucrtT]!lo. crtT]V 1t1O WPZf.l'l !lOpTt rou, Etm K0.9OO<; 0 XEYKEA. to 1to.pEOIOE croo; OltT]tE<; ton Ero<; to. tEA.Eutaia XPOVlU tT]<; t;roTt<; tOU ro<; K0.9T]YT]tTt<; cro Ilcvemcmuuo rou BEP0A.ivou. Tur !llo. K0.900TtYT]crT] tOU o.PXUPIOU !lEA.EtT]tTt ctov XEYKEA.lo.VO crroxacr!lo urtopet va XPT]m!lEucrEI to up9po tOU Andre Leonard: "Comment lire Hegel? Considerations speculatives et pratiques" (1972). 35 O"rU.L£tmO"Eli; WD XeYK£A (8£~ cru; §§7, 60, 71, 76, 77 Kat 140), n~ onoie; 1tapoDO"uii;;w J..L£ uucporspc YPUJ..LJ..La'ta Kat J..L£ eva ucrsptoxo (*), Kat OU't£ 6e6ata J..L£ ru; O"XOAtaO"nKe~ D1tOO"1']J..L£tmO"£t~ WD J..L£'tapaO"'tl\ (1tOD 1tapoDcrtui;;ov'tat £1tiO"1']~ J..L£ uucporspu ypUJ..LJ..La'ta). Merd rov 8uvaw 'tOD XeYK£A uspucot vspuuvot £K86't£~ 't1']~ EYKVKA01taiOewr;; 8£mp1']O"av KaAO vu £mO"DVU'I'ODV 0"'t0 K£lJ..L£VO n~ npotbopud«; npoailmcec: (Zusatze) 1tOD Ka'teypa'l'av KU1tOtOt ot't1']'te~, orov 0 XeYK£A 8i8aO"K£ oro IluvemcrriJ..LtO. Fin vu J..L1']v £1teA8£t O"U,,(XDO"1'], nporumou va KUVW J..LOVO J..Lta B7rlAOyfj uno aD'te~ tu; 1tpooptKe~ 1tp00"8r]K£~ (xupio»; J..L£ a1toO"1tuO"J..La'tU 1tOD 8£mp1']O"a 601']81']nKU yta rnv 1tA1']peO"'t£p1'] Ka'tav01']O"1'] WD K£tJ..LevOD), Kat vu tu; 1tpoO"epw fla(i J..L£ ru O"XOAtU J..LOD, avaepov'tU~ nrivtu on npoxettrn yta reroioo £l80D~ 1tp00"8r]K1']. Tu ()XOAW rov flBrapa()rfj, 1tOD 1tapoDcrtui;;ov'tat KU'tW uno W X£YK£AtaVO K£lJ..L£VO J..L£ uucporspu YPUJ..LJ..La'tU, eXODv xupto»; xapaK'tr]pa 601']81']nKO yta utn £1tapKeO"'t£p1'] xcrovo- 1']0"1'] 'tOD K£tJ..LeVOD. Ln~ 1tpm't£~ 1tapaypuOD~ WD 6t6AioD, 01tOD 'to K£lJ..L£VO stvrn O"x£nKU WV01']W, nportunou vn npoO"epw J..LOVO J..Lta nBpiAIJIfI'7 Ku8£ 1tapaypuOD, Kat OO"£~ UAA£~ 1tA1']poopi£~ r] 1tapa1toJ..L1te~ J..L1tOPOUV va 0"'ta80uv Xpr]crtJ..L£~. AAAu cr«; mo 8Uo"KOA£~ 1tapaypuOD~ avaYKucrr1']Ka vn £1t£K'ta8m 0"£ J..Lta avG.AV()IJ rrov v01']J..LU'twv, 1tOD O"DXVU D1t£p6aiVet 'to J..Ley£80~ 'tOD X£YK£AtaVOU K£tJ..LeVoD. O£lAW £8m vu £t801tOtl\O"W 'tOY avayvmO"'t1'], on 0 XeYK£A stvm Y£VtKU eva~ 8Do"V01']W~ o"Dyypaea~, Kat J..L0AOVOn 1'] EYKVKAonaiOew eX£t ypa't£l W~ 60r]81']J..La yta 'tOD~ vsnpotx; 0"1toD8aO"'te~, 1tPOK£t'tat 't£AtKU yta eva 8UO"KOAO K£lJ..L£VO, ypaJ..LJ..Levo £AA£t1tnKU Kat op'tWJ..LeVO J..L£ a1']p1']J..Lev£~ Kat 1t£pi1tAOK£~ £KpUO"£t~, srct mO"'t£ J..Lta £1t£~1']y1']J..LanKr] aVUADO"1'] unopet vn a1t06£l eva~ a1tapair1']'to~ 601']80~ O"'t1']V Ka'tav01']O"1']. L't1'] O"XOAtaO"nKr] J..LOD £pyaO"ia 601']8r]81']Ka xuptox; uno ru O"XOAta WD Andre Leonard 1974 Kat 'tOD Bernhard Lakebrink 1979 Kat 1985. Ilpsnst vu 1tW on uutri ru Ka'tawmO"nKu 601']8r]J..La'ta 1tUO"XODV a1to eva O"xOtvo't£ve~ uo~, 1tOD ru Ka8tcr'ta D1t£p60- 36 AtKa eK'tevrl (ro BtBAio 'tOD A. Leonard sxrstvetut os 622 creAioe~ KUt 'to Ol'"CoJ..lO BtBAio 'tOD B. Lakebrink os 453 + 358 creAioe~), KUt ru voruurru 'tOD~ Sev stvrn nrivru upxsru cruaVtcrtEi Kat ano ttC; EKOOcrEtC; AvayvwcrtiOT] os !lEtupacrT] A. Buvevd, aA.M Eivat to en T] 37 yta Ina a;toAoY11 1tpocrmi8Eta, amrl 11 jlE'tapacr11 1tacrXEt uno uiu 1tA118ffipa al)8atpEcrtffiv Kat EAa't'tCOjla'tcov, 1t01) Ka8tcrouv avaYKaia utn xmvoopiu 1tpocr1ta8Eta. ME 't11 OtKatoAOyia on npoicsrtm yta «YEVtKrl EtcraycoYrl w; 't11V tAocroiav» 0 Tpurotdroc 1tapaAEi1tEt r«; 1tpffi'tE~ OEKaOK'tffi nnpuypaol)~ (§§ 1-18)· aAAa al)'trl 11 OtKatoAoyia jlOVO EVjlEPEt wcr'ta8Ei· EtOtKa 11 §18 xrivst P11'trl uvooopd orn i\oytKrl Kat otacraEi 't11 8Ecr11 't11~ usou oro OAO tAocrOtKO crucr't11jla 't01) XEYKEA43. Em1tAEOV 0 I'pntcndroc 1tOAU crl)xva crl)YXEEt 'tt~ L11jlEtfficrEt~ 't01) XEYKEA (1t01) 1tapOl)crtaSOV'tat us al);l1- jlEVO 'to upicrrspo 1tEpt8ffipto) jlE 'tt~ 1tpOOptKE~ 1tpocr8rlKE~, EjlavisoV'ta~ aAAO'tE 'tt~ 1tpffi'tE~ Kat aAAO'tE 'tt~ OEU'tEPE~ us uucporepu ypajljla'ta Kat us 't01)~ 1tapa1tAav11'ttKou~ 'ti'tAOI)~ «Ilupurripnou;» rl «LxoAtoV». LE 1tOAAa cr11jlEia 1tapaAEi1tEt OAOKA11 pe; npordcsu; rl Kat 1tapaypaol)~ rooo uno 'to KEijlEVO 't01) XEYKEA oco Kat a1tO ru; npooopuce; 1tpocr8rlKE~, xcopi~ xuv va OtKatoAoyEi rl Ecr'tCO va yvcocr't01tOtEi atl'trl 't11V 1tapaAWjf11. TIpOcr8E'tEt OtKOU~ 't01) 'ti'tAOI)~ crE Ka1tOta xcopia, av'ttKa8tcr'ta Ka1tOta xcopia jlE OtKE~ 't01) 1tEPtArl\jfEt~, 1tPOcr8Erat OtKa 'tOD crXOAta - xcopi~ va 011AffiVEt jlE crarlVEta ott rtpoxsmn yta rsrote; 1tpOcr8rlKE~. H jlE'tapacrrl 't01) 1tacrXEt 1tpOXl:lpOtT]ta uurou tOU 6l6A,iou - Ka8ro<; xm nov U1tOA,Ol1tpacrT] XEyKl:A,laVOtl 6l6A,iou, 1tOU EXz).ouO(pia 7:YfC; iaiopiac, cs Ill:tupaEA,T]» to 1980-1· npoxerrm 011<0<; Yla l:tUl T] tcroptu tT]<; l:1ti8pacrT]<; tOU XEYKl:A, 1tuvt:iA,pacrttKll l:pyacria 6aptlVl:tal a1to uin 1tapUA,l:lljlT]: 0 XEYKl:A, EXl:l l:1tlpuO"l1 EVO<; XEYKEA1UVOU KE1JleVOU npoooepst EAaX10"m crov UVUyvffiO"'r11, sdv OEV O"UVOOEUE'rat uno EK'rEVr] EnE~l1Y11JlUHKa (JXOAla 'r00"0 O"XEHKa JlE tu ouO"npoO"nu VOr]JlU'rU 00"0 Kat O"XEHKa JlE ru JlE'rUpUo"HKa np06Ar]JlUm KU1 H<; npOCE1VOJlEVE<; Mo"E1<;. Tu j1.eracppaarlKG. npo6AYJj1.ara no» O"uvaV'r11O"U KU'ra 'r11V nupouou EPYUO"tU unr]p~uv UU~l1JlevU Kat noAUnAEUpu44• To KElJlEVO rou XeYKEA nupOUO"la1;;E1 evov U\jI11M 6u9Jlo OUo"KOAtU<; O"'r11v npoO"na9E1u KumV0110"11 <;, UKOJlU Kat O'rUV OEV stvrn 01 VEOKon01 OPOl, nutot nou to Ku910"'rOUV OUO"V011'rO. ~u0"6uto XUpUK'rr]pU eXE1 r]Ol1 to EAAE1nHKO uo<;, Ka9E H unOVOOUJlEVO, at JlUKponEpt0001 npordcstq, 01 UJllO"r]JlUV'rE<; EKpaO"E1<; K'rA. Anuvrettrn Aomov KU'r' upxitv Jl1U EnupKr]<; E~OlKElCOO"l1 JlE to uo<;, JlE toy rpoxo XP11O"lJlonOt11O"l1<; Kan01COV EKpaO"ECOV, JlE 'rOY rpono unatV1KHKr]<; OlU'runco- 0"11<;. AAAa 11 JlEyaA11 8UVUJl11 roo XEYKEAlUVOU KE1JleVOU stvm o YACOO"O"lKO<; nAOUto<; Kat 11 1KUVO'r11m olU'runCOO"l1<; AE1tLEntAE1tLCOV unoxpffiO"ECOV, 01 OnOtE<; npoxurcroov uno Jl1U nA11- 9ffipu O"uvffiVUJlCOV Kat OJlCO<; EVVOlOAOY1Ka OluoponOlOUJlEVCOV M~ECOV. 0u epco evu nupaoE1YJlU uurou ron AEKHKOU nAoutou. 44. 0<; KUpta 66.G1] 1:1]<; J.l1:1:apaG1:lKit<; uou OOUA.wi<; x.P1]GtJ.l07wi1]Ga 1:0 Kt:iJ.lI:VO 1:1]<; 3T]<; Yl:pJ.laVtKit<; EKOOGT]<; (1830), E1:m Ka8ro<; 7tapOUGUicr1:T]KI: uno 1:0U<; E. Moldenhauer Kat K.M. Michel G1:l<; I:KOOGl:t<; Suhrkamp (Frankfurt a.M. 1970). LI: J.ll:yUA.T] EK1:aGT] BOT]8it8T]Ka OJ.lOO<; Kat uno ru; J.l1:1:apaG1:lKE<; MGt:t<; 7tOU EOOOGI: 0 William Wallace (01:<; Hegel's Logic. Being Part One of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1830), translated by W. Wallace, with Foreword by J.N. Findlay, Oxford 1989 [First Edition 1873]) Kat 0 Maurice de Gandillac (01:<; Hegel: Encyclopedie des sciences philosophiques en abrege (1830), traduit de I' allemand par M. de Gandillac sur Ie texte etabli par FriedheIm Nicolin et Otto Poggeler, Paris, Gallimard 1970). 39 Ttu vu ota'tu1troQ"f:t rnv evvoiu 'tOU (J'[OXa()f10IJ ro<; ucuvorrrrce; Kat ox; 1tPU;l1<; 0 XeYKEA XPllcrtJlO1totEi uiu oA6KAllPll crEtPU Ae;Erov, Ku8E uin uno ru; 01tOiE<; eXEt 'to OtKO 'tll<; ;exropo vonuc, ecr'tro Kat nv ornv Ka811JlEptVrl YEPJlaVtKrl YArocrcra OEV stvrn nrivru craei<; aU'te<; Ot otaope<;45. Ka'taypuro ame<; n<; Ae;Et<; Jlasi JlE 'tll JlE'tapacrnKrl a1tOoocrll 1tOU nporatveo: Denken (voncn), Gedanke (crKe\jlll), Geist (1tVEUJla), IntelIigenz (Siovoncn), Logisches (AOytKO cr'tOtXeio), Nachdenken (avaAoytcrJl0<;), Rasonnement (OtaAoytcrJl0<;), Rationelles (Op80AOytKO cr'tOtxEio), Reflexion (uvccxonncn), SchluB (crUAAOytcrJl0<;), Verntinftiges (eAAoyo cr'tOtXeio), Vernunft (AOytKrl ucuvorntu), Verstand (Suivotu). H XPllcrtJlo1toillcrll au'trov rrov M;EroV OEV stvat 'tUxaia rl au8aipE'tll, yta'ti 8acriSE'tat roco cr'tll otacr'tOxacrnKrl E1tE;Epyacria 'tOU iowu ron XeYKEA ooo Kat cr'tll XPrlcrll 1tOU eKavav nprv uno uurov tA6croot 01tro<; 0 Leibniz, 0 Kant, 0 Fichte, 0 Schelling K'tA. Edv AOt1tOV 0 avayvrocr'tll<; ayvoei amrl rnv npoiatopia trov M;Erov Kat OEV eXEt rnv emuovri va EYKU\jIEt cr'tll yea 'tOU<; XPllcrtJlo1toillcrll, OucrKoAEuE'tat va crUAAU8Et tu AEYOusvc. AAAU aKOJla Kat Jlta 8a8tu yvrocrll npornrrsprov tAOoodxov unopsi JlUAAOV vn oucrXEPUVEt 1tapu va OtEUKOAUVEt 'to EyxeipllJla: 0 avayvrocr'tll<; 1t.x. 1tOU etvm E;OtKEtroJlevo<; JlE 'tllV Kaviiavn OtUKptcrll: Sinnlichkeit - Verstand - Vernunft (a1tooioro: atcr811'tllptaKrl ucuvornru - vonrucn ucnvornru - AOytKrl ucuvornru), 8a OUcrKOAEU'tei va Ka'taAU8Et 'tOY eJlJlovo vnOB1Ba()f1o 'tll<; svvotcc Verstand, 'tOY onoto EmXEtpet 0 XeYKEA. H Ae;l1 Verstand, 1tOU cr'tllPisEt rnv xuvnuvri OtUKptcrll uvcuson rrtu atVOJlEVa Kat oru VOOUJlEVa, OEV unopst EOro vu JlE'tapacr'tei ro<; «V017()11», yta'ti 'tOY uvncr'tOtxa cnuuvruco pOAO 1taisEt EOro das Denken, Kt e'tcrt 0 opoc Verst and 1taipVEt 'tll crllJlacria 'tll<; «Survoinc» (1tOU 45. 0 iowe; 0 XEYK&A.; crmivw. UVUA.uIlBuv&t; vn npoodtopicst mupKroe; to vonun Ku9& opoo Kat VU to Otuq>oponottlcr&t; uno nUP&J.uj;>&Ptl; vonpuro. Apasffi: «A.0YlKrl ucuvornru») nEpa ano rnv av9pmmvT] olacrKEnnKrl txuvornru exnpootonst Eom 'tT] Ilia eviutu loia (mom urto 'tT]V onotu Kpu6E'tat npoavm<; 'to AnoA.u'tO, 0 9EO<;), Kat OEV stvru f10VO Kan unOKElIlEVlKO, Yla'ti crrnv «xur' E~OXrlV lA.OcrOlKrl crT]llacria rrp;» opisE'tal ffi<; EVO'tT]ta unoxeuievoo-uvnxsuisYOU (OE<; §214)46. 0a anat'tT]9Ei EnicrT]<; EniIlOVO<; IlOX90<; Yla 46. eu riruv rocrooo CHIJ.lUVnKr] 1tUPUvollcrll vu J.lE'talA.Ocr0pui;;ro: «AvaAoYZI1f10r;; - npoxsrnn yw 'tT] vOT]aT] ltOU aVaI1KOnei, ltOU EXEl ro~ ltEPlEXOllEVO KUltOlE~ I1Kelflezr;; onv rerou«; Kat n~ EPVEl ern cruvEtOT]aT]»). 48. L'tT] llE'tupaaTl 1l0U XPT]crtllOltOlOO onv MaT] avuYKT]~ 'tT] auxvTl ultEv6UlltcrT] uuu; alto au'tE~ n~ EKpuaEl~, 'tOlt06E'toov'ta~ 'tT]V llEaa aE aYKUA.E~ [ ], xropt~ ollro~ us noro va altOKA.EtE'tat on €tVat EVOEXOllEVE~ Kat UA.A.E~ aT]llaatE~ au'toov trov oprov. ME 'tE'tOlE~ EIl60A.lllE~ aYKUA.E~ EK6E'tro llEaa oro KEtllEVO Kal KUltOlE~ YEPllaVlKE~ A.E~El~ ltOU 6EOOpT]aa KaA.O va loro60uv cro nporrorono, €t'tE EltElOTl 0 XEYKEA. ltati;;El us rnv E'tUll0A.0YlKTl 'tOu~ aUYYEVEla, €t'tE EltElOTl llla yvooaT] 'tT]~ YEPllaVlKTl~ A.E~T]~ llltOP€t va 60T]fJTlaEl 'tOY avayvooa'tT] nsptccorspo alto ooo T] llE'tapaallEVT] 'tT]~ 1l0PTl. LE aYKUA.E~ 'tOlt06E'tOO ElttaT]~ KUltOla voriueru, ltOU morstxo on 60T]60uv crnv ltA.T]pEa'tEpT] Ka'taVOT]aT] 'tOU llE'tapaallEVOu KElllEVOU. 42 eouro Kat 01' f:UU't0»). Qe; 60118T]1:1Ktl YIU rnv E~tlYllO"l1 'tlle; UV'ti8Wlle; an sich - fur sich unopst VU 10"XUO"El 11 UV'ti8EO"l1 vorausgesetzt - gesetzt (= 1tpou1ton8EllEvo - tlOll 'tE8EIllEVO)· an sich sivat UU'tO 1tOU U1tA.roe; 1tPOU1tO'ti8E'tat, 1tOU OEV EXEl UKOllU reBei pnrd KUl O"UVEIOll'tU· UA.A.U Kat 'to VOll11U 'tlle; EKq,pUO"l1e; «'tE8EIllEVOe;» (gesetzt) OlUXEE'tUl UVUllEO"U O"'tU V0tlllU'tU: Pll't0e;,U1tOKUA.UllllEVOe;,IlEO"OA.u61111EVOe;, E~UP'tll11Evoc, (Auto 1tOU EXEl «'tE8d» Pll'tU, EXEl 'tE8Ei usaco KU1tOlOU UA.A.OU, ripn U1tEO"'tll 'tll llWOA.U6110"11 nurou 'tOU UA.A.OU, Kat stvrn E~UP'tll11EVO U1tO UU'tO, 0Xl UU8U1tUPK't0· 1t.X. 0 uv8pm- 1t0e; EKA.UIl6uVE'tUl me; «'tE8EIllEVOe;» U1tO 'tOY 0l111lOUPYO 8EO, Kat upu E~UP'trollEvoe; U1tO nurov). A vuq,Epm, 'tEA.Oe;, rpsu; 6Uo"lKEe; EVVOlOA.0YIKEe; OlUKpiO"Ele;, 1tOU 1tUPOUO"lUSOUV KU1t01U llE'tUq,PUO"'tlKtl oUO"KOA.iu: n) Realitat - Wirklichkeit: 01 OUO uurof OPOl O"l111Uivouv rnv npayuatucotnta, UA.A.U UVUq,EPOV'tat O"E olalA.oO"oq,iu rou KUl 'tll llE80M roo us 'to E1ti8E't0 spekulativ, E1ti8E'tO 1tOU EXEl O"XEO"l1 us ru voruurru: Bewpm, Bempfjafj - UA.A.U 1tOU 1tPE1tEl vn OlUKP18ci P1SIKU U1tO rnv 1tUPUOOO"lUKtl EVVOlOA.0YIKtl O"XEO"l1 8Empiue;-1tpU~11e;, 8Empll'tlKOu-1tpuKnKou (theoretisch-praktisch). XPEIUO"'tllKE VU XPllO"lIlO1tOl rioro 'to KU1tme; uO"uvtl8w't0 E1ti8E'tO «8EmpllO"lUKOe;» (sroi u1tooiom 'to E1ti8E'tO spekulativ) YIU vu 'to OluKpivm U1tO 'to «Oscoprrnxo» (theoretisch). Qe; 43 OeWPIJ(JWKq XUpuK'tTJpi~Et 0 XEYKEA 1t.X. 'tTJV «U1tOAt)'tTJ» tOEU, E1tEtOr] at)'tr] EXEt U1to-AU'tpro9ci U1tO 'tOY OtUO"K0P1tt()!lo trov 1tE1tEPU()!lEVroV ovreov, EXEt E1tW'tPE'l'Et crov euoro 'tTJ<;, KUt Oecopei 'tOV euuro 'tTJ<; ro<; 'to 'AAAO 'tTJ<; ()UV !lE()U ()E EVU Ku9pEopu npoc "11 tA.ocroia lOU Bergson», oro: EA.A.llVtKrj cI>tA.OcrOtKrj Ermpsto: H OWAS«tucn, A9rjva 1988, 170-177. Ksvrpo MUp~UStlKroV Ep&uvrov; 0 XeYKsA Kat 0 Mapl;,laJ10r;. Emornuovixo LUIlTeocrw, 24-25/1/1982. A9rjva 1982. KouttA.OcrOtKrj Etmpsfu: H OWASKllKr,. A9rjva 1988, 137-147. Mul.&6itIJ1]<;, XPlJIJ'to<; «Ilpcvunnxomrc Kat llu90e; cr111 OtaA.EK1:tKrj lOU EyeA.ou». Ev06v1{ 182 (1987), 54-59, Kat oro: EUllVtKrj cI>tA.ocrOtKrj Etmpeta: H OWAsKllKr,. A9rjva 1988, 156-162. 44 Mo6Kavo;, A1JJlT]tplO; «H Eydtavl1 svvoiu 1:TJ<; acrTJ;» oro: EAATJVtKl1 tAOcrOtKl1 Etrnpsta: H JlaAeKrIKr,. A911va 1988, 163-69. MoutlJo1tOUI.O;, E. «H Ka1:aAULtKl1 n:apoucria 1:OU EYEAtavtcrllou». Nea Eatia III (1982), 588-89. Kat: L1:. nucrTJ oro epyo rrov XeYKd Kat Mup];», oro: Ksvtpo Map~tcrLtKffiV Epsoverv 1982, 51-80. M1tOU~Ea;, K. «EtcraYffiYl1 o-ro epyo 1:OU EyeAou». Enonreia 59 (1981 y, 565-574. M1tOU~Ea;, K. «G.W.F. Hegel. LUV1:01l0<; BtBAwypatKo<; 08TJYo<;». Enotcteia 59 (1981), 630-32. M1tOU~Ea;, K. «H tAocroia 1:0U EyeAou ffi<; n:avEupffin:atKO YEYOVO<; 8tapKou<; En:tKatp01:TJ1:a<;». Enottteia 76 (1983), 159-166. No6tIJo;, navayuOt1J; «H nupoixna 1:OU Hegel cr1:TJ VEOEAATJVtKl1 tAocrOtKl1 crKe'VTJ». AwJwvYJ 10 (1981), 37-48. Kat: Ksvrpo Map~tcrLtKffiv Epsuverv 1982, 81-90. No6tIJo;, navayuOt1J; «Hegel: npoUn:oOecrEt<; 1:TJ<; "n:aYKocrllta<; icropia<;"». tAocroia<;». AwJwvYJ 4 (1975), 149-159. nuvou, I:ta6po; «AOytKl1 1:0U IlTJ8EVO<;». pa.GT] rf:Olpyiw; A7toGtoA.07tOUA.ou: Ano rov Hegel arov Nietzsche. To enavaatuco pftYJ1a atn aKtlflYl rov blJKarov svarov aubva. TOJlot A/-B/, A8rjva. 1987. Marcuse, Herbert Hegels Ontologie und die Grundlegung einer Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit. Frankfurt a.M. 1932. 47 Marcuse, Herbert AOYIK~ tau ettavaataan, TOl1o<; A': 01 Baaeu; inc c/>IAoaoc/>iar; LOV XeYYeA (1954). Msrdop. <1>. KOVOUAll<;, A8rjvu X·X· Marx, Wolfgang «Spekulative Wissenschaft und geschichtliche Konti- nuitat, Uberlegungen zum Anfang der Hegelschen 'Logik'». Kant-Studien 58 (1967), 63-74. und: Iring Fetscher (Hrsg.) 1973, 236-254. McTaggart, John - McTaggart, Ellis A Commentary on Hegel's Logic. New York 19642 (19101). Menahem, Rosen «Identite, difference et contradiction dialectiques selon Hegel». Journal of the History of Philosophy 23 (1985), 515-535. Merker, Nicolao «Fragen zur Entstehung der Hegelschen Logik». in: I. Fetscher (Hrsg.) 1973, 277-287. Mure, G.R.G. A Study of Hegel's Logic. Oxford 1950. Nikolaus, Wolfgang Begriff und absolute Methode. Zur Methodologie in Hegels Denken. Bonn 1985. Psimmenos, N. Hegels Heraklit-Verstiindnis. Basel 1978. Riedel, Manfred (Hrsg.). Hegel und die antike Dialektik. stw, Frankfurt a.M. 1990. Ritschl, Dietrich «Kierkegaards Kritik an Hegels Logik». Theologische Zeitschrift 11 (1955), 437-465. und: H.-H. Schrey (Hrsg.) Soren Kierkegaard. Darmstadt 1971, 240-272. Rockmore, Tom «La systematicite et le cercle hegelien». Archives de Philosophie 48 (1985), 3-20. Rosenfield, Denis L. «La chose en soi et Ie 'reste' pose par Ie philosopher. Kant et Hegel». Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale 91 (1986), 236-245. Ruben, ~eter «Von der Wissenschaft der Logik und dem Verhaltnis der Dialektik zur Logik». in: R.-P. Horstmann (Hrsg.) 19892 (19781), 70-100. Scheiber, Wolfgang «'Habitus' als Schliissel zu Hegels Daseinslogik». Hegel-Studien 20 (1985), 125-144. Simont, Juliette «Sartre et Hegel. Le probleme de la qualite et de la quantite». Revue internationale de Philosophie 39 (1985), 72- 102. Stage, W.T. The Philosophy of Hegel. A Systematic Exposition. New York 19552 (19241). 48 Taylor, Charles Hegel. Ubersetzt von Gerhard Fehn, Frankfurt a.M. 1978. (Original: Cambridge 1975). Theau, Jean «La conception hegelienne du rapport absolu. Reflexion sur la relation de la logique a la constitution objective du monde». Hegel-Jahrbuch 1981-82, 335-359. Theunissen, Michael «Begriff und Realitat. Hegels Aufhebung des metaphysischen Wahrheitsbegriffs». in: R.-P. Horstmann (Hrsg.) 19892 (19781), 324-359. Vaught, Carl G. «Subject, object, and representation. A critique of Hegel's dialectic of perception». International Philosophical Quarterly 26 (1986), 117-129. Wiedmann, Franz Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Rowohlt, Hamburg 1965. (EHllVLKrj ~E,pacrll $Ol'rELVrjC; TIpEBEI>oupou, TIAt9pov, A9rjva 1985). Wieland, Wolfgang «Bemerkungen zum Anfang von Hegels Logik». in: R.-P. Horstmann (Hrsg.) 19892 (19781), 194-212. 49 tAoO"ocpia OEV EXEt 'to 1t:po'tEp"fJp.a 1t:OU a1t:OAap.()avouv Ot aAAEe; E1t:tO"'t~!J.Ee;, vo: EXEt 'ta avuxeiueva 't"fJe; we; ooO"p.Eva P.E ap.Eo"o 'tp01t:O O"'t"fJV 1t:apaO"'taO""f), xat va npoimoiletet we; ~o"fJ a1t:OOEx't~ 't"fJ flt()OOO 't"fJe; YVWO""f)e; OO"OV acpopa 'to ~Exiv"fJp.a xat 't"fJV 1t:poooo. H tAoO"ocpia EXEt ()E()ata xa't' apx~v xotva 'ta antXd!J.Eva 't"fJe; P.E 't"fJ 8p"fJO"Xda. Kat Ot ouo au'tEe; EXOUV we; av'ttXdp.EVO 'toue; TY1V aA~()eza P.E 'to u~tO"'to vO"fJ!J.a 't"fJe; AE~"fJe; - P.E 'to vO"fJp.a o"fJAao~ o'tt 0 (}eOC; dvat "fJ aA~eEta xat flOVO au'toe; dvat "fJ aA~eEta. Kat Ot ouo au'tEe; 1t:payp.a'tEuOnat E1t:t1t:AEOV 't"fJv 1t:EPtOX~ 'tou 1t:E1t:EpaO"p.Evou: 't"fJ cpva'1 xat 'to avdptimivo nvebua, 't"fJ O"'X.EO""f) -rou EVOe; 1t:pOe; 'to aAAo xat 1t:pOe; 'tOY eEO we; aA~eEta 'toue;2. 1. IlepiAYfIflYf: To 6EP.CX CXU'T:~c, 'T:'YJc, 7tCXpcxypcx~AO(J04>LCXC,. T0 EPW'T:'YJP.CX 7t0U 'T:L6E'T:CX~, p.7t0pd vo: O~cx'T:u7tw6d wc, E~~C,: TL p.7t0pd vo: npoimoileae: x.cxvdc, CXPXLt;OV'T:CXC, vo: 4>~Ao(Jo4>d; Tcx CXV'T:~X.dP.EVCX 'T:'YJc, ~AO(JO- 4>LCXC, p.ac, dvcx~ o~x.dcx, x.cx~ 'YJ (Juvdo'YJO"'Y) EXE~ 7taV'T:cx E'T:O~p.a(JE~ x.a7t0~Ec, 7tcxpcx(J'T:a(JE~c, 'T:OUc" CXAA' CXU'T:EC, wc, E'T:O~P.EC, x.cx~ ooYP.CX'T:~X.EC, CXV'T:~A~tjJE~C, OEV EXOUV 'T:'YJV CX7tCXpCXL'T:'Yj'T:'Yj cxvcxyx.cx~O'T:'YJ'T:CX x.cx~ 'T:O CX7tCX~'T:OUP.EVO CX7t00E~X.'T:~X.O t xupoc, 2. 0 XEYX.EA d EOW P.E ALYEC, AE~E~C, 'T:~c, 1tEPLOXEC, OAOX.A'YJpOU 'T:OU 4>~AO(Jo4>~x.ou 'T:OU (JU(J'T:~P.CX'T:OC,· 7tpOX.E~'T:CX~ X.CX'T:' cxPX~v y~cx 'T:'YJ BciK~ ~OECX P.E(JCX (J'T:'YJV x.cx6cxpo'T:'YJ'T:a 'T:'YJc" 7tOU CX7t0'T:EAd 'T:O CXV'T:~X.dP.EVO 'T:'YJc, Aoy~x.~c, (OEC, 7tcxpcxx.a'T:w (J'T:'YJV § 19: «II Aoy~x.~ dvcx~ 'YJ Em(J'T:~p.'YJ 'T:'YJc, x.cx6cxp~c, ~Oicxc,»), (JE EVCX OEU'T:EPO P.EPOC, 7tpOX.E~'T:CX~ y~cx 'T:'YJ CPVUYf x.cx~ (JE EVCX 'T:PL'T:O P.EPOC, y~cx 'T:O nvebua. Tcx CXV'T:L(J'T:OLXCX 'T:p.~P.CX'T:CX 'T:'YJc, XE"(X.EA~CXV~C, «EYX.UX.A07tCXLOE~CXC,)) 7tCXLPVOUV 'T:OV 'T:L'T:AO: Em(J'T:~p.'YJ 'T:'YJc, Aoy~x.~c" ~AO(JO- 4>LCX 'T:'YJc, 4>uO"'Y)c" ~AO(J04>LCX 'T:OU 7tVEUP.CX'T:0C, (OEC, 7tcxpcxx.a'T:w, § 18). 53 H W~Aoero4>ta p.1Copd AOmOV ertyoupa va. 1CpOU1C06E're:~, xa~ p.aA~()'ra O¢eiAE:I vo: 1CpOU1C06E're:~, p.~a ouceurtttta p.e: 'ra an~xdp.e:va TYl<;, xa6w<; xa~ Eva e:vo~a4>Epov y~' aU'ra - ~o"YJ e:~a~'rta<; 'rou O'r~ "YJ eruvdo"YJer"YJ a1CO 'r"YJV a1Co\V"YJ 'rou Xpovou 4>'r~axve:~ napoaioaeu; an~xe:~p.EVWV 1Cp~V 4>'r~a~e:~ evvoia; 'rou<;· xa~ p.aA~()'ra -ro (JKenTOuevo 1Cve:up.a 1Cpoxwpd p.ovo uiaco 'rou 1Cap~er'rave:~v xa~ p.ovo np0(J¢eVYOVWC; c' au'ro 4>'rave:~ er'ro erxe:1C'rop.e:VO yvwPt~e:~v xa~ I xa'ravoe:~v . AAAa p.e: 'r"YJ erxe:1C'rop.e:V"YJ e:~E'raer"YJ ytve:'ra~ erunop.a 4>ave:po, o'r~ p.Eera 'r"YJ<; 1Ce:p~Exe:'ra~ "YJ a1Cat'r"YJO""YJ vo: xa'raodxve:'ra~ "YJ avaytcounnu: 'rwv 1Ce:p~e:XOP.EVWV 'r"YJ<;, xa~ p.aA~()'ra vo: anooeirveWI 'roero "YJ u1Cap~"YJ oero xac O~ op~erp.ot 'rwv an~xe:~p.EVWV 'r"YJ<;. Exdv"YJ "YJ o~xe:~o'r"YJ'ra p.e: 'ra an~xdp.e:va 4>ave:pwve:'ra~ E'rer~ w<; ave:1Capx~<;, xa~ ytve:'ra~ ave:1Ckpe:1C'rO »a npotmotletei xa~ vo: JOYflaTi(eI xa1Cow<;, ~ va. e:m'rpE1Ce:~ vo: ~crxuouv 1Cpou1C06Eere:~<; xa~ ooyuaxiouoi. TO're: op.w<; 1Capouer~a~e:'ra~ xa~ "YJ oU()x'oAta 'rou vo: xave:~<; Eva c;,eKiv'lfla· y~a'rt a4>ou Eva ~e:xtv"YJp.a dva~ xa'r~ oueao, ba~e:~ p.~a 1CPOU1C06e:O""YJ, ~ p.aAAov dva~ au'ro 'r0 tOW p.~a 1CpOU1CO- 6e:er"YJ. § 2 IH W~Aoero4>ta p.1Copd xa'r apx~v va. op~er'rd ye:v~xa w<; oxentouevn ec;,tW(J'l 'rwv an~xe:~p.EVWV. AAAa e:av dva~ erwer'r~ "YJ xoubEv'ra (xa~ aer4>aAw<; 6a dva~ erwer'r~) o'r~ p.Eerw 'r"YJ<; vO"YJO""YJ<; o~a4>opo1Co~e:ka~ 0 av6pw1C0<; a1Co -ro ~wo, 'ro're: xa6e: 'r~ av6pwmvo dva~ av6pwmvo p.Eerw 'rou'rou xa~ p.ovo p.Eerw 'rou'rou: o'r~ 1CPOXU- 1. IlepiA1l'/f'1: 0 X£Y)(EA {J-EAE1:a EOW 1:0 EPY(J.Ado 1:YJ~ LAOO"ol:jli(J.~, 7tOU d'l(J.L YJ '1oYJO"YJ (YEp{J-(J.'1t)(a: Denken). A'I(J.1:P£XEt O"1:YJ'I (J.PX(J.tOEAAYJ'It)(~ I:jlLAOO"ol:jlt)(~ (j")(£o/rJ, rtou Opi~EL 1:0'1 a'l6pwreo w~ «~00'l AOYO'l EXO'l», )«(J.t bA£7tEt {J-£O"(J. 0"' (J.U1:0 1:0'1 OPLO"{J-O 1:YJ '1oYJC1YJ w~ OL(J.XWPLO"1:L)(O C1YJ{J-do 1:0U (J.'16pwreou (J.reo 1:(J. ~w(J.. AAAa 1:0 q)/AoaoqJlKlJ'Iod'i Ot(J.I:jl£PEL (J.reo 1:0 YE'It)(a (J.'16pw7tL'I0 »oei», 54 7t'tEt a7tO TfJ VOl)cJfj. A~E'tEPOU l) «PtAoO"o~ia dvat EVae, tOtO'tU7tOe, 'tp07tOe, 'tOU vociv, Evae, 'tP07toe, (J.EO"W 'tOU o7toiou 'to vodv (J.E'taba.AAE'tat O"E yvwpi~EtV xat O"E yvwpi~EtV (J.EO"W EVVOtWV. 'Apa 'to ~tAOO"O~tXO vodv 6a 7tPE7tEt va EXEt xat (J.ta owcpopa a7tO 'to U7tOAOt7tO av6pw7ttvo vodv, xat (J.a.AtO"'ta a7tO 'to vodv 7tOU O"uyxpo'td TfJV av6pw7tta. 'twv av6pw7twv, 00"0 xat a» 'tau'ti~E'tat (J.E au'to xat a7to'tEAd Eva Evtaio vosiv. Au't~ l) ota~opa. O"uvoEE'tat (J.E 'to yqovoe, o'tt 'ta (J.EO"W 'tou vodv E(J.~aVt~o(J.Eva av6pw7ttva 7tEPtEXO(J.Eva TfJe, O"uvdol)cJfje, OEV E(J.~avi~onat xa't' apx~v fie 7:11 fiOPCPft uuu; aKelf/1]e;, aAAa. we, ai0"6"f)(J.a, E7to7t'tda, 7tapa.O"'tacJfj, -fiopcpee; 7tOU O~dAOUV va. otaxpt60uv a7to 'to vodv we; fiOPCPft. ~u(J.~wva (J.E (J.ta 7taAta. 7tpOxa'ta.A"f)~"f) 7tOU xa'ta.n"f)O"E 'tE'tPt(J.(J.EV"f) 7tpo'taO""f), 0 a.v6pw7toe, Ota~EpEt a7to 'to ~wo (J.EO"W 'tou vodv' (J.7topd va. ~aivE'tat 'tE'tpt(J.(J.EV"f), aAAa. xa'ta. 7tapa.oo~o 'tp07tO dvat ava.yx"f) va: u7tEv6u(J.i~oU(J.E Xa.7tOtEe, 'tE'tOtEe, 7taAtEe, oo~aO"iEe,. H ava.yx"f) yivE'tat at0"6"f)'t~ EVO~Et (J.tae, 7teOxa'ta.A"f)~l)e, 't"f)S E7tOX~e, (J.ae" "f) o7toia otaXWpi~Et 't00"0 7tOAU 'to aia()1]fia a7to 't"f) V01]a1] , WO"'tE 'ta xa6tO"'ta. ani6E'ta, xat (J.a.AtO"'ta 't00"0 EX6ptxa., WO"'tE 'to a i0"6"f) (J.a , xat toiwe, 'to 6p"f)o"xEU'ttXO a{0"6"f)(J.a, 6Ewpd'tat o'tt AEpwvE'tat, 7tapa7tAaVtE'tat, axo(J.rJ. Xt EX(J."f)oEvi~E'tat a7to 't"f) VO"f)cJfj, xat o'tt l) 6pl)O"xda xat "f) EUO"EbEta OEV EXOUV oUO"taO"'ttxa. 't"f) pi~a 'toue, xat 't"f) 6EO""f) 'toue, (J.EO"a O"'t"f) vO"f)cJfj. ME au'to 'tov OtaxwptO"(J.o A"f)O"(J.oVtE'tat o'tt (J.ovo o a.v6pw7toe, dvat txavoe, yta 6p"f)O"xda, xat o'tt 'to ~wo OEV EXEt 6p"f)O"Xda, 07twe, OEV EXEt OU'tE vO(J.oue, OU'tE "f)6txo't"f)'ta. Exdvot 7tOU E7tt(J.EVOUV 0"' au'to -rov otaxwptO"(J.o 't"f)e, 6pl)O"Xdae, a7to 't"f) VO"f)O"l), EXOUV O"uv~6we, xa'ta. vou Exdvo 'to dooe, vO"f)cJfje, 7tOU (J.7topd vo: xapax't"f)ptO"'td we, avaAoYlafioe;2 - 7tpOxEt'tat yta 't"f) VOl)cJfj 7tOU avoaxonei, 7tOU EXEt 2. avaAoy~O"p.Oc; (Nachdenken): E1va~ 'Y) uxitjl'Y) 7tOU ava7tapaye:~ VO'Y)'t"~)(a p.~a a~u&tj;'t"'Y)p~a)(~ 7tpoO"iyy~O"'YJ. /le:v 7tpi7te:~ »o: 't"au't"~O"'t"E:L p.e: 't"'Y)V 55 w<; m:ptEXO[J-EVO WXnOtE<; mdlflw; ca» 'tE'tOtE<; x.at 'tt<; CPSPVEt cr't"f) cruvdo"f)cr"f). Av 7tapaAd~Et x.avd<; vo: yvWp[crEt x.at vo: 7tpocrS~Et 't"f) otacpopa 't"f)<; VO"f)cr"f)<; YEVtx.a a7tO 't"f) CPtAocrOCPtX.~ VO"f)11"f) , YEwa 'tt<; 7tt0 xovopOEtod<; aV'ttA~~Et<; x.at [J-O[J-CPS<; EvaV'tta cr't"f) tAocrocp[a. Movo 0 avl:lpw7to<; x.a'tSXEt I:lP"f)crx.da, VO[J-ou<; x.at "f)l:ltx.o't"f)'ta, x.at 'ta x.a'tSXEt [J-OVO E7tEtO~ dvat crx.E7t'tO[J-EVO 0'1' apa [J-scra cr'tO I:lP"f)crx.EU'ttX.O, VO[J-tX.O x.at "f)l:ltX.O cr'tOtXdo - d'tE au'to dvat a[crl:l"f)[J-a x.at I:lP"f)crx.EU'ttx.~ 7t[cr't"f) d'tE 7tapacr'tacr"f) - "f) VO'l(J'I OEV dvat OtOAOU aopav~<;' 'ta spya 't"f)<; x.at 'ta 7tpo'ioV'ta 't"f)<; dvat [J-scra 'tou<; napovta w<; nepieroueva. AAAa dvat OtacpopE'ttX.O va. SXEt x.avd<; atcrl:l~[J-a'ta x.at 7tapacr'tacrEt<; 7tOU npoaotopiatntcav x.at blanepa.(J'['IKav a7tO 't"f) VO"f)cr"f) - x.at OtacpopE'ttX.O vo: x.aVEt (JKBlflelr; yvpw a7tO au'ta. Ot crx.S~Et<; 7tOU SXOUV 7tpOX.U~Et [J-E avaA.oyWj10 yvpw a7tO ix.dvou<; 'tou<; 'tp07tOu<; 't"f)<; cruvdo"f)11"f)<; dvat au'to, [J-scra o-ro 07tO[O crU[J-7tEptAa[J-bavE'tat "f) avacrx.07t"f)cr"f), 0 OtaAoytcr[J-O<; X.'tA., 'tSAO<; x.at "f) [Ota "f) tAocrocp[a. 'EXEt 11U[J-bd, x.at [J-aAtcr'ta cruxva E7ttx.pa't"f)crE "f) 7tapE~~y"f)cr"f), va I:lEwp"f)l:ld 0 avasoviouoc W<; a7tapa['t"f)'t"f) cruvl:l~x."f), x.at [J-aAtcr'ta W<; 0 [J-ovaOtx.o<; OpO[J-O<;, [J-scrw 'tou 07tO[OU cp'tavou[J-E 'taxa cr't"f)V 7tapacr'tacr"f) x.at cr't"f) bEbatO't"f)'ta 7tEp[ 'tou atwvtou x.at aA"f)l:ltvoU. 'E'tcrt I:lEwp~I:l"f)x.av 7t. X. ot ('twpa 7tta ¢,enepa(Jj1BVer;) j1emcpV(JlKBr; ano&i;¢'elr; inc vnap¢''Ir; [Dasein] LOV Beoi: 'tocro a7tapa['t"f)'tE<;, wcr'tE [J-E I ~ , , , 't"f) yvwcr"f) 'tou<; x.at 't"f)v a7tOooX"f) 'tou<; [J-7tOpEt oucrtacr'ttx.a x.at [J-OVO va: E7tt'tEUXl:ld "f) 7t[cr't"f) x.at "f) 7tE7tO[I:l"f)cr"f) O'tt U7tapXEt I:lEO<;. Mta 'ts'tOta I:lEWP"f)cr"f) tcroouva[J-d [J-E 'to vo: 7tEt x.avd<; O'tt OEV [J-7tOpOU[J-E va. cpa[J-E, Eav 7tpw'tU'tEpa OEV avoaxonnon (Reflexion), 7tOU dVIXL "YJ OLlXu'WXlXuorLX~ IXVIXOL7tAWUYj EVOC:; UXE7tor0floEVOU U7tOXdfloEVOU. I:XEorLxa floE -rov IXVIXAOYLuflo0 OEC:; 7tlXplXxaorw, §§ 21-2. 56 £XOU[J.e: a1tOXTYjO"e:t TIl YVWCIT) 't'wv X"Y)[J.txwv, bO'raVtXwv ~ ~woAOYtXWV (J1J(na't'txwv 't'wv 'rpOCP[[J.WV, xat o'rt ocpdAou[J.e: va: [J."Y) xwv£~ou[J.e:, e:av 1tpw'rlhe:pa oe:v oAoxA"Y)pwcrou[J.e: 'r"Y) cr1tOUO~ 'r"Y)C; Ava'ro[J.[ac; xat 'r"Y)C; ucrwAoy[ac;. Eav ~'rav £'rcrt, aU'rEC; Ot e:mcr'r~[J.e:c; [J.Ecra o-ro 1te:o[o 'rouC;, 01tWC; xat "Y) tAocrocp[a srco OtXO 'r"y)C;, 6a xEpOt~aV b£bata xa[J.1tocr"Y) Xp"Y)crt[J.o'r"Y)'ra· xat [J.aAtcr'ra "Y) Xp"Y)crt[J.o'r"Y)'ra 'rOUC; 6a au~avo'rav 'rocro, wcr're: 6a y[vov'rav a1toAu'ra xat xa60Atxa a1tapa['r"y)'re:c;' ~ [J.aAAov av'r[ 1tpay[J.a'rt va. y[vonav a1tapa['r"y)'re:C;, 6a E1taUaV e:ne:Awc; va. u1tapxouv. § 3 1'1'0 nepzexofleVO 1tOU ye:[J.[~e:t 'r"Y) cruvdo"Y)~ [J.ac;, 01tOWU doouc; xat a» dvat, cruyxpo'rd -rov npoaotoptauivo xapaKr~pa 'rwv a tcr6"Y)[J.a'rwv , e:1t01t're:twv, e:txovwv, 1tapacr'racre:wv, crx01tWV, xa6"Y)xonwv X'r A., xa6wc; xat 't'wv crx£~e:wv xat evvo twv. 'E'rcrt Aomov -ro a [cr6"Y) [J.a , "Y) e:1to1t't'da, "Y) e:txova x'rA. dvat Ot flOPrptC; e:voc; 'rE'rOWU 1te:pte:x0[J.e:vou, -ro 01to[o 1tapa[J.Eve:t tva tau io omo , acrxe:'ra a1to -ro o» [a'] -ro a tcr6avo[J.acr're: , -ro e:1t01t're:uou[J.e:, -ro 1taptcr'ravou[J.e:, -ro 6EAou[J.e: ~ [b'] anA-a tau flOVO 'r0 atcr6avo[J.acr're: ~ [y'] 'r0 atcr6avo[J.acr't'e: ava[J.e:ty[J.£vo [J.e: crx£~e:tC;, ~ [0'] 'r0 crxe:1t'ro[J.acrn e:ne:Awc; auivcoc, Me: xa1tota a1to aU'rEC; 'rtC; [J.opCP£c; ~ [J.e: 'r"Y)V ava!)"t~"Y) 1te:ptcrcro're:pwv a1to [J.[a, -eo 1te:pte:x0[J.e:vo dvat 1. ilf.pi).l'flfll'f: Eow 7tEPtypa.~E't'at 'Y) C1XEcrYJ 7tOU U7ta.PXEt a\la.fl-Ecra cr't''Y) \lo'Y)crYJ xat cr't'ou<; a.AAOU<; 't'P07tou<; crun'Y)o/rJ<; 't'W\I 7tpaYfl-a.'t'w\I. 0 XEYXEA xa't'a6E't'Et 't''Y)\I 7tE7tot6'Y)cr-fJ 't'ou o't't -ro 7tEptEX0fl-E\lO 't''Y)<; (jU\ldo'Y)crYJ<; 7tapafl-E\lEt ro iJIO d't'E a7tAw<; 't'o atcr6a\l0fl-acr't'E, Ei't'E 't'o atcr6a\l0fl-acr't'E xat cru\la.fl-a -ro crxE7t't'0fl-acr't'E, d't'E -ro crxE7t't'0fl-acr't'E afl-tyw<;. rta't't 0fl-W<; 't'O't'E 'Y) tAocro~ta 6Ewpe:t't'at oucrxOA'Y) xat axa't'avo'Y)'t''Y); 0 XEYXEA a\la~EpEt ouo at't'tE<;: a) dE\I dfl-il.cr't'E crU\I'Y)6tcrfl-E\lOt vo: crxE7t't'0fl-acr't'E a~'Y)p'Y)fl-E\la. 6) II a\l6pw7tt\l'Y) mJ\ldo'Y)crYJ Epya.~E't'at EUxoAO't'Epa fl-E 't't<; OtXdE<; 7tapacr't'a.crEt<; 7tapa. fl-E xa6apE<; (= fI-'Y) Efl-7tEtptXE<;) EWOtE<;. 57 avtuceluevo 't"fJe; O"UVELo"fJO""fJe;. MEO"a 0"' au't~ 't"fJ rry_EO""fJ U1tOX.Et[J-Evou-aV'ttx.Et[J-EVOU O"uwi1t'tov'tat x.at 01 npoaotoptauoi turubv rwv flOPtAoO"o~ta 0"'t"fJ 6EO""f) 'twv 1tapaO"'taO"Ewv 6E'tEt aKel{leu;, xoxnvopiec; x.at ax.o[J-a 1tEPtO"O"O'tEPO eVVOlee;;. rEVtx.a Ot 1tapaO"'taO"Ete; [J-1tOPOUV »o: 6EWp"fJ60uv we; fleratAoO"o~tae;, rry_E'tt~E'tat [J-' E'tOU'tO. H oucrx.oAta Eyx.Et'tat a~EVOe; O"E [J-ta avtx.avo't"fJ'ta, 1tOU ELvat a1tAWe; tAAell{l1J avv~eerae;; O"'to »o: crx.E1t'to[J-aO"'tE a~"fJP"fJ[J-Eva, O"fJAaO~ vo: O"uyx.pa'tou[J-E x.a6apEe; crx.E~Ete; x.at »o: x.tvou[J-aO"'tE [J-EO"a 'toue;. MEO"a 0"'t"fJ O"uv"fJ6 to"[J-EV"fJ 1tVEU[J-a't tx.~ [J-ae; x.a'taO"'taO""f) Ot crx.E~Ete; dvat V'tU[J-EVEe; x.at EVW[J-EVEe; [J-E 'tpE'X.ouO"a at0"6"fJ't"fJPtax.~ x.at 1tVEU[J-a'ttx.~ UA"fJ· [J-EO"a irio» avaAOYto"[J-o, O"'t"fJV avacrx.o1t"fJO""f) x.at O"'tov OtaAoytO"[J-O avaflelYVDOVfle 'ta atcr6~[J-a'ta, 'tte; E1t01t'tELEe; x.at 'tte; 1tapaO"'tao"Ete; [J-E crx.E~Ete;. (,E'tO"t, [J-EO"a O"E 1tpo'taO"Ete; 1tOU E'X.OUV Eva E~ OAOX.A~pOU atcr6"fJ't"fJptax.o 1tEPtE'X.O[J-EVO, 1t. 'X.. «Au'to 'to ~UAAO eivai 1tpaO"tvo», E'X.OUV ~o"fJ ava[J-Et'X.6EL x.a't"fJyoptEe;, 01tWe; 'to Eivai x.at "fJ oxouucotmai, AAAa ELvat x.a'tt 58 EV'tEAWC; Ota.4>OPE'ttXO, vo: (J.E'ta.ba.AAEtC; crE a.V'"CtXEt(J.EVO 'ttc; iOtEC; 'ttC; crxE~EtC; a.(J.tyWC;. TIl ffi ... '" I I I '" I - 0 1ta.pa.1tOVO, o'tt YJ 'l'tAOcr0'l'ta. EtVa.t a.xa.'ta.voYJ'tYJ, 0'l'Et- AE'ta.t E1ticrYJC; cr'tYJv a.VU1to(J.ovYJcria., va: 6EAOUV vo: EXOUV (J.1tpocr'ta. 'tOUC; wc; 1ta.pa.cr'ta.crYJ, a.u'to 1tOU bpicrxE'ta.t (J.Ecra. cr't!l cruVEtoYJcrYJ wc; crxE~YJ ~ EvvOta.. AXOU(J.E va: AEVE o'tt OEV ~EPOUV 'ti 1tPE1tEt va. aKe4JroVV (J.E (J.ta. EVVOta. 1tOU cruvEAa.ba.v. AAAa. (J.Ecra. crE (J.ta. EVVOta. OEV U1ta.PXEt 'ti1tO'tE a.AAO vo: '" I I I I~ I I A I ... I crxE'I''tEt Xa.VEtC;, 1ta.pa. YJ tota. E'tOU'tYJ EVVOta.. U'tO 1tOU AEVE a.1tOXa.AU1t'tEt (J.OVO (J.ta. vocr'ta.Ayia. yta. (J.ta. ~OYJ ouceia nopoaiaan. Av E(J.1tooicrEtC; 'tYJ cruVEtOYJcrYJ vo: XPYJcrt(J.01tOtEt 'ttc; 1ta.pa.cr'ta.crEtC; 'tYJC;, a.tcr6a.VE'ta.t co» vo: 'tYJC; EXEtC; a.1t0- 'tpa.b~~Et 'to EOa.4>OC;, 1ta.VW o-ro 01tOiO cruv~6wc; cr'tEptWVE'ta.t xa.t a.tcr6a.VE'ta.t OtXEta.· O'ta.V (J.a.Atcr'ta. YJ cruVEtOYJcrYJ (J.E'ta.'ti- 6E'ta.t cr'tYJV 1tEPtoX~ 'tWV xa.6a.pwv EVVOtWV, OEV ~EPEt ma. crE 1tOto (J.EpOC; 'tOU xocr(J.OU bpicrxE'ta.t. - Nil. yta.'ti Ot tuo «aiavontoi a.1tO ...J... ' , I 'l'E tC; , Ot tEPOXYJpUXEC;, Ot PYJ'tOpEC; OAOUC; Etva.t Ot cruyypa.x't A., 1tOU AEVE cr'tOUC; (J.:V(J.:y'Vwcr"tE~ ~ G""t()u<; !XXpOlX'tE<; 'tou<; 1tpay[J.lX'tlX 7tOU lXU'tOt 'ta. ~EPOUV ~oYJ a.7t' E~W, 1tOU dva.t 'tpEXOV'"Ca. xa.t 1tOU «aiavoobvuu ana uova r:ov~. § 4 l~E crxEcrYJ 1tpOC; 'tYJV XOtV~ (J.a.c; cruvdoYJcrYJ YJ ia. 6a. 04>EtAE xa.'t' a.PX~v va. xa.'ta.Od~Et ~ xa.t vo: a.4>U1tVicrEt r:'7V avaYK'7 yw rov U510/l0p4JO tpono yvcoanc inc, AAAa. crE crxEcrYJ 1tpOC; 'ta. a.V'ttXd(J.EVa. 'tYJC; 6pYJcrxda.c;, crE crxEcrYJ 7tpOC; 'tYJV aA.r,OeW EVYEVEt, 6a. 04>EtAE vo: xa.'ta.Od~Et O'tt EXEt 'tYJV ucavoinia vo: 'ta. yvwpi~Et a.4>' Ea.U't~C;· xa.t a» 4>a.VEPWVO'ta.v (J.ta. ow4Jopa a.1t0 'ttC; Bpnotceoti- 1. JlepiA.Yf'llYf: rta vo: 'YtVEt 1tpOCTt'!:O'!:EP'Y) (1'1;OU~ av6pw1tou~, 'Y) {(ltAOO"Ocpta OCPe:tAEt vo: mXpEt xcl.1tota rU'!:pa a) (IE (ryj;O"'Y) 1tpO~ '!:'Y)V XOtv~ av6pw7ttv'Y) O"Uve:to'Y)O"'Y), 6) O"E UXEo"'Y) 1tpO~ '!:a 6p'Y)O"XEU'!:tXcl. aV'!:txe:ttJ.Eva. 59 KBC; 7tapa(j"'ta(j"e:te;, 'Y) «fItAO(j"o4>ta Oa 04>e:tAe: va oucoubaet 'toue; ota4>op07totoU(J.e:Voue; opoue; 't'Y)e;. § 5 IMe: (j"'toxo (J.ta 7tp0(j"wptv-i) e:~-i)y'Y)()'Y) crxe:'ttxa (J.e: 't'Y)V 7tapa- 7tavw ava4>e:po(J.e:v'Y) ota4>opa xat 't'Y) (j"uva4>-i) e:7ttyvW(j"'Y), o'tt 'to aA'Y)OtVO nepU;XO/.1£VO 't'Y)e; (j"uve:to'Y)cr-i)e; (J.ae; otatnoeitai, o'tav (J.e:'ta'ttOe:'tat [ubersetzen] (J.i(j"a (j"'t'Y) (J.op4>-i) 't'Y)e; crxi~'Y)e; xat 't'Y)e; ivvotae;, xat (J.aAt(j"'ta 'to'te: 7tpw'to'ttOe:'tat [setzen] (J.i(j"a (j"'to tOto'tU7tO 4>we; -rou, (J.7tOpW vo: U7te:vOu(J.t(j"w (J.tav aAA'Y) naAul npoKaraA'1If1Yf: o'tt yta »o: btW(j"e:t xa7totoe;, 'tt aAYf{}lvo u7tap'X.Et (j"'ta aV'ttxe:t(J.e:va xat (j"'ta ye:yovo'ta, xaOwe; xat (j"'ta a t(j"O-i) (J.a'ta , (j"'tte; e:7t07t'te:te:e;, (j"'tte; yvw(J.e:e;, (j"'tte; 7tapa(j"'ta(j"e:te; X'tA., dvat a7tapat't'Y)'toe; 0 avaAoYUJf10C;. AAAa 0 avaAoyt(j"(J.Oe; dyoupa 7te:'tuXatve:t 'touAaXt(j"'tov »o: (J.e:'tabaAAe:t 'ta at(j"O-i)(J.a'ta, 'tte; 7tapa(j"'ta(j"e:te; x't A. (j"e: (JKBIfIGlC;. E4>o(j"ov (J.ovo 'to atcemeatioi a~twve:t 'Y) «fItAo(j"o4>ta we; tOto'tU7t'Y) f10pU(j"e:we; va. crxi7t'te:'tat, au't-i) 'Y) a4>atpe:(j"'Y) [Abstraktion] 7te:ptOwpto7tOte:t 't'Y) ota4>opa 7tOU ava4>ipO'Y)xe: § 3 ' ,{)." (j"'t'Y)V xat 7tapaye:t 'to av'ttue:'to a7to au'to 7tOU xapax't'Y)- Pt(j"'t'Y)xe: we; 7tapa7tovo yta 'tOY oxaiavonio xapax't-i)pa 't'Y)e; «fItAo(j"o4>tae;. Au't-i) 'Y) e:m(j"'t-i)(J.'Y) u4>t(j"'ta'tat 7te:pt4>pov'Y)'ttx-i) 1. IJepiAl1'1117: ~'t1Jv § 3 0 XEYXE:A Otae;dlatwcrE: O'tL 'to 7t:E:flLE:X.0fl-E:VO 't1Je; cruv£io1Jo"y)e; 7t:apafl-EVE:t 'to tOtO, £in 'to atcrBav0fl-acr'tE: (o7t:on X.E:LPLl:;0fl-acrn aLcrB~fl-a'ta) £in 'to vooufl-E: (07t:o'tE: X.E:Lptl:;O!J-CXcr'tE: EVVOLE:e;). ~'t1Jv § 4 Ota7t:Lcr'twcrE: O'tL 1J LAocro4>ta fl-E:'tabaAAE:t 'tte; BP1J(J)(W'tLXEe; 7t:apacr'tacrE:Le; crE: EVVotE:e;. Eow E:~1JYe:t O'tL aX0fl-a xat 0 avaAoYLcrfl-0e; (Nachdenken), E:av BEAE:L »o: 4>'tacrE:L cr't1JV aA~BE:La 'twv 7t:paYfl-a'twv, e:tvaL avayxacrfl-EVOe; vo: fl-E:'tabaAE:L 'ta atcrB~fl-a'ta crE: EVVOLE:e;. E7t:E:LO~ 1J tAocro4>ta E:pyal:;E:'taL fl-0VO fl-E: 't1J VO~O"Y) xat xaBEvae; fl-7t:opd va: (J)(E7t:'tE:'taL, EX.OUV 4>'tacrE:t fl-E:ptXOt cr't1JV axpo't1J'ta vo: VOfl-tl:;ouv O'tL x.wpic; E:LOLX~ fl-0p4>wo"y) fl-7t:0POUV »o: 4>tAocro4>ouv xaL vo: xpivouv 'toue; 4>tAocro4>oUe;. 60 [J.E:'ta'X,dptcr-YJ, E:1tE:tO~ axo[J.a xat a:v6pw1tot 1tOU OE:V [J.o'X,6'YJco» yta va. 't'YJV xa'tax't~crouv, tcrxupt~onat o'tt Karavoovv !J.Ecra cr'trJ tAocrocpta 'ta 1tIxna, x.at o'tt E:tvat tx.avot [J.E: [J.ta , , A, ~'P" 6 ' [J.E:'tpta [J.0P'!'Wcr-YJ x.at E:totx.a [J.E: Qacr-YJ x.a1tota PrJcrx.e:u'ttx.a atcr6~[J.a'ta, va. cptAocrOcpouv x.at va. x.ptvouv 'trJ tAocrocpta. IIapaoE'X,onat o'tt OcpdAE:t x.avE:k va: cr1touoacrE:t 'ttC; aAAE:C; E:mcr't~[J.E:C; yta va. 'ttC; yvWPtcrE:t, x.at o'tt [J.ovo ouva[J.E:t [J.tac; 'tE'tOtac; yvwcr-YJc; dvat x.avdc; otx.atw[J.EvoC; va: 'ttC; x.ptVE:t. IIapaoE'X,ov'tat o'tt yta va. cp'tta~E:t x.avdc; Eva 1ta1tou'tcrt, OcpdAE:t va: E'X,E:t otoa'X,'td x.at acrx.rJ6d, [J.OAOVO'tt x.a6Evac; E'X,E:t cr'ta 1toota -rou Eva [J.E'tpO 1tpOC; 'tou'to, x.at x.a6Evac; [J.E: 'ta 'X,Epta 'tou E'X,E:t 'trJ cpucrtx.~ tx.avo'trJ'ta yta 'trJV a1tat'tou!J.E:VrJ opacr'trJpto'trJ'ta. Movo yta 'to cptAocrocpdv OE:V OcpdAE:t 'ta'X,a »o: E'X,E:t x.avdc; cr1touoacrE:t, acrx.rJ6d x.at [J.o'X,6~crE:t. - Au't~ 'YJ bOAtX.~ yvw[J.rJ E'X,E:t 1tapE:t 1tpocrcpa'ta 'trJV E:mxupwcr~ 'trJC; [J.E: 't'YJ 6E:wpta o'tt 'YJ yvwcr-YJ dvat x.a'tt a[J.E:cro, x.a'tt 1tOU a1tox.'ta'tat [J.E: E:1t01t'te:ucrrJ2 • § 6 IAcpE:'tEPOU dvat E:~tcrou cr-YJ[J.antx.o vo: x.a'tavo~crE:t rJ tAOcrocpta, o'tt 'to 1tE:PtE:'X,o[J.E:VO 'trJC; OE:V dvat aAAo a1to au'to 1tOU 1tapaYE:'tat x.at 1tapaYE:t -rov E:au'to -rou [J.Ecra cr'trJV 1tE:Pto'X,~ 'trJC; 1tve:u!J.a'ttx.~c; ~w~c;, E'tcrt wcr'tE: va. ytVE:t 0 xoauoc ; 0 E:~w'tE:Ptx.oc; x.at E:crw'tE:ptx.oc; x.ocr[J.oc; 'trJC; cruvdorJcr-YJc;, - o'tt 'to 1tE:PtE:'X,o[J.E:VO 'trJC; :2. i\u't~ YJ E\lOpa'tLK~ BEWpta, 1tOU U1tou'tYJpiX.'tYJKE am) -rov F.R. Jacobi, a1taux_oAd EK'tE'ta[J.E\la 1tapaKa'tw 'to\l XEYKEA, OEe; §§ 61-78. 1. flf.piA'7'11'7: To 1tEPLEX.O[J.E\lO 'tYJe; LAouo~Lae; d\laL YJ 1tpaY[J.a'tLKo'tYJ'ta, aAAa. a1to au't~\I Ba 1tPE1tEL vo: oLaKpLBou\I oo« d\laL a1tAWe; ~aL\lO[J.E\la, oYJAao~ 1tpOuWpL\la KaL a~[J.a'l'ta. o XEYKEA 'tau'tL~E L 'to 1tpaY[J.a'tLKo [J.E 'to EAAOYO, 1tpaY[J.a [J.E 'to 01tOLO uU[J.~w\ld 'to BpYJUKW'tLKO ooy[J.1X O'tL 0 BEoe; we; Aoyoe; d\laL 'to [J.O\lO aAYJBL\la 1tpaY[J.a'tLKo. A1to 'to 1tpw'tapx.LKo \loYJ[J.a 'tYJe; 1tpaY[J.a'tLKo'tYJ'tae; O~dAOU\I AOmO\l vo: oLax.wPLu'tOU\I 'ta 'tux.aLa o'l'ta, OL 1tapOUuEe; U1tap~ELe; 61 dva~ "YJ xpayuoiucocmo, A7tox'tOtJ!1-e: cruvdo"YJ1TYJ au'tOtJ -rou 7te:p~e:X0!1-e:vou, xa't' apx~v !1-e: au'to 7tOU ovo!1-a~ou!1-e: eunetpia. AAAa aXO!1-a xa~ "YJ xa't' at(J6"YJ1TYJ e:!1-7te:~pta 'tou xO(J!1-0U dva~ ~xav~ »o: o~axptve:~, o(Ja a7to 'to e:upu xpa'toe; 't"YJe; e:~w'te:p~x~e; xa~ e:(Jw'te:p~x~e; u7tap~"YJe; dva~ a7tAWe; cpa!VOj1eva, dva~ o"YJAao~ 7tpo(Jwp~va xa~ a~!1-av'ta, a7tO oao: a~t~ouv (J't' aA~6e:~a e:v'toe; e:au'twv 'to Ovo!J-IX. 't"YJe; npaYj1aT1KOTl1Tat;. M~a xa~ "YJ ~Ao(J"o~ta<; d'la~ lJ tJ.ta eAAoyYJ 7tpaYtJ.a't"~xo't"'f)'t"a, lJ ~oea, xa~ oAa 't"a aAAa d'la~ tJ.O'lO E~w't"Ep~xe<; 't"lJ<; a7totAo(J"o~ta W<; '10lJ't"tX~ opa(J"'t"lJP~o't"lJ't"a crxE't"t~E't"at tJ.E 't"a 7tpaytJ.a't"a, OlJAaO~ tJ.E 't"lJ'I 7tpay{J.a't"txo't"lJ't"a. 3. ~E<; Hegels Werke (Suhrkamp), Bd. 7, (J"EA. 24. ~'t"lJ'I EXOOO"1) 't"ou Hoffmeister (1955) (J"EA. 14. 62 dEV dva~ a1tapa1 .. YJ"0 vo: avaq-Eped EOW YJ epYJaxda, fl-~a xa~ au .. £e; O~ 1tpo .. aaE~e; Exq-pa~ouv fl-E apxE"~ aaq-~VE~a .. 0 epYJaxEU"~XO ooyp.a 1tEp1 "YJe; eEtX~e; xoafl-oxpa .. op1ae;. AAAa oaov aq-opa .. 0 q-~Aoaoq-~xo vOYJfl-a, 1tp£1tE~ va 1tPOu1to .. Eed , , ",' ''I'" , .. oaYJ fl-oP'YwaYJ, wa .. E »o: yvwp~",E~ xaVE~e; o"l} p.ovo o .. ~ 0 eEOe; dva~ 1tpaYfl-a .. ~xoe; - O .. ~ dva~ o, .. ~ rtto 1tpaYfl-a .. ~xo, O .. ~ au .. oe; xa~ fl-OVO dva~ aAYJe~va 1tpaYfl-a .. ~xoe; -, aAAa xa~ O .. ~ (a1t() "YJv a1t04YJ "YJe; Aoy~x~e; fl-opq-~e;) YJ u1tap~YJ dva~ EVIJ.£PE~ duuvousvo xa~ fl-OVO EVfl-£PE~ 1tpaYfl-a"~xo"YJ .. a. M£aa a .. YJv xo~v~ ~w~ xaeE YVWIJ.YJ, xaeE 1tAavYJ, .. 0 xaxo xa~ oaa aAAa av~xouv a' au .. ~ "YJV 1tEPWX~, xaewe; xa~ xaeE E~aeA~Wfl-£VYJ ~ Eq-~fl-EPYJ u1tap~YJ, 1ta1pvouv .. uxap1taa .. a .. 0 Ovofl-a npavuaiucotnta. AAAa axofl-a xa~ y~a .. 0 xo~vo a1aeYJfl-a [= y~a "0'1 xo~vo vou], aE fl-~a .. uxa1a u1tap~YJ OEV a~i~E~ 0 Ef1-tPa"~XOe; .. 1 .. AOe; .. ou 1tpaYfl-a .. ~xou· - .. 0 .. uXa10 dva~ 1J.~a u1tap~YJ, 1tOU OEV £XE~ a~1a fl-qaAu"EpYJ a1to "YJV a~1a fl-~ae; JvvarOr'lWC;, 1tOU fl-1topd vo: eivoi E~1aou xaAa oao xa~ vo: P'lV eivai. AAAa oao» aq-opa "0'1 opo , Cl' , '" ' (<1tpaYf1-lX"~xo"YJ .. a», va E1tpE1tE ot Xp~"Ee; fl-ou vo: a"XE'Y"OUV a1to lJ.ovot .. oue;, fl-E 1tOW vOYJfl-a "0'1 XPYJa~fl-01to~w. L.E fl-~a AE1t"Ofl-EpE~aX~ AOYIKr, £Xw 1tpaYfl-anu .. d fl-E .. a~u aAAwv xa~ "YJV 1tpaYfl-a .. ~xo .. YJ .. a, xa~ "YJV £Xw o~axp1vE~ E1taXp~- 6we; OX~ fl-OVO a1to .. 0 .. uXa10, .. 0 01t010 oa £XE~ E1t1aYJe; u1tap~YJ, aAAa xa~ a1to .. 0 1tpoaowp~afl-£vo-E1va~ [Dasein), "YJV u1tap~YJ xa~ aAAOUe; opoue;". - ~"YJv noavuoiucointa rov elllloyov an~ .. 1eE .. a~ ~oYJ YJ 4. 0 XEYXEA 7tapa7tE(J-7tEt er'tl] (J-EyaAl] AoYtx~ 'tou, 'to 30 xE~aAato 'tou 20u 6dlAtOU 'tl]e; o7totae; ~EPEt 'tov 'thAo: «H 7tpaY(J-a'ttxOTf)'ta». ~Ee; Logik II, ae): 186 X.E. MEera e-ro 7tapov EPYO 0 XEYXEA a~tEpWVEt er'tl]v 7tpaY(J-a'ttxo'tl]'ta (Wirklichkeit) 'tte; §§ 142 x. E. - A7tootoW 'tov XEyxEAtaVO opo Dasein we; cmpoerowpter(J-Evo-Eivam, cr'ta xwpia 07tOU au't~ l] AE~l] a7tox'ta 'to aucr'tl]po opoAoytxo 'tl]e; vOl](J-a. 0 XEYXEA E~l]yd au'to 'to vOl](J-a 7tapaxa'tw, cr'tte; §§ 89 X.E. ~Ee; 'ta EXEt 7tapa'tt6E(J-Eva crxoAta (J-ou. 63 A(iix~ av't(AYJ~YJ, (h~ O~ ~0Ee:<; xa~ 'til. ~oe:woYJ oe:v dva~ 'ti7to'ta 1te:p~cr(j(he:po a1to x.[[J-a~pe:<; xa~ o't~ YJ e:"YJp(a .. oue; dva~ e:[J-7te:~p~x~. AAAa .. 0 oucr~woe:e;, .. 0 07to(0 au .. ie; cr .. oxe:uouv xa~ 7tapixouv, dva~ vouot, vevixs; npotoaeic, [J-~a Becopia - xa7to~e:e; (JK8Il'elr; y~a ocra u7tapXouv. 'E .. cr~ YJ «J)ucr~x~ .. ou Nd .. wva ovo[J-acr"YJxe: «J)~Aocro4>(a "YJe; 4>ucrYJe;3, e:vw 0 Hugo Grotius anmapa()i .. onae; "YJv , """ ..' P '6 ' ~cr .. op~xYJ crU[J-7te:p~'t'0pa .. wv I\awv xa~ [J-e: "YJ ooYJ e:~a e:voc; ()' .... " """ , cruvYJ ~cr[J-e:vou crul\l\oy~cr[J-ou [J-7tOpe:cre: vo: 7tpocr't'e:pe:~ ye:v~xa a~~w[J-a .. a, [J-~a 6e:wp(a, YJ o7to(a [J-7topd va ovo[J-acr .. d «J)~Aocro4>(a .. ou o~e:()voue; o~xa(ou4. - 0 .. ( .. AOe; CP1Ao(Jocpia a .. oue; 'AYYAoue; e:~axoAou6d »o: iXe:~ au .. ~ "YJ ~Aocro4>oe;, xa~ 0 (owe; .. kAOe; 4> .. ave:~ iwe; .. oue; xa .. aAoyouc; .. wv opyavo7to~wv' oAa .. a opyava, 7tOU oe:v cruyxa .. aAiyona~ ee iva ~o~a( .. e:po dooe; [J-ayvYJ"~xwv ~ YJAe:X"p~xwv e:4>oo(wv, 7t.x ... a ()e:PiJ-0iJ-e: .. pa xa~ -r a 6ap0[J-e:"pa, ovo[J-a~ona~ CP1Ao(JocplKa opyava. ~e:v ()a i7tpe:7te: o[J-wc; , , if> .. """ , , () vo: ovo[J-acr .. e:~ «opyavo "YJC; 'I'~l\ocr0't'~ae;» xa7to~a au» e:crYJ a7to ~UAO, cr(oe:po X"A., 7tapa !J.ovo YJ vonan", 3. l:UYKP~Ve: -eov 'ti'tAO 'tou EPYOU 'tou Ne:u'twva: Philosophiae natura/is principia mathematica (= "Ma&Y;)p.a't~Ka a~~wp.a'ta 'tl]C; ~U(J"~K~C; IAO(Joc/>iw;; ~ IIEptoo~K6 Xmuiac , Iletpo- 66 - H 7tpocrcpa,,"YJ Emcr,,"~!.I.YJ ""YJ<; 7tOAmX~<; OLxovo!.l.ia<; ovop.a~E,,"aL cr,,"YJV AYYAia E7ticry)<; iac;;, M'lXaV1KI]C;;, C/>ValKI]C;; Iotopiac , Oucovopitu; xa~ Teyvcov», [rrpOXE~- 1:a~ y~a 1:0 7tEPWO~XO 1:0U Thomas Thomson: Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture, and the Arts. 16 1:o!J-o~, AO'lot'lo 1813-1820]. A7to aU1:o 1:0'1 1:11:"1..0 EuxoAa !J-7tOPEt xa'ld~ vo: !J-a'l'tElAoaolKo. - L1:~~ aYYEAtE~ TCpOmpa1:a Exo06E'I1:W'I b~bAtW'I bP~xa (1E !J-~a aYYA~x~ EIAoaolKu a~~w!J-a1:a o~a1:~pYjtrYj~ 1:W'I ~AAtW'I E'I'IOOU'I 7tpolAoaolKu a~~w!J-a1:a)), axo!J-a xa~ ae oYj!J-O(1~e:~ O!J-~Ate:~. ~1:Yj'l XO~'10bOUAW1:~xlj trU'IEOptatrYj 1:Yj~ 2/2/1825 a7ta'l'tw'l'ta~ oYj~(1~a (11:Yj'l o!J-~Ata 1:0U 0po'lou 0 Brougham Exljlpa(11:Yjxe: W~ e:~lj~: «1:a a~~a y~a E'Ia'l XUbEP'llj1:Yj IAoaolKu a~tw!J-a1:a 1:0U EAe:u6e:pou e:!J-7tOptOU - y~a1:t aU1:a d'la~ a'la!J-lAoaoiac;;.» '0(10 xa~ o» o~aIjlEpE~ Yj aYYA~x~ <]i~AO(1oljlta aTCo 1:Yj YEP!J-a'ltXlj, xa~ OEOO!J-E'IOU 01:~ aAAou Yj AE~Yj «~AO(1oljlta)) x.PYj(1~!J-oTCmd1:a~ !J-O'IO oo» TCapa1:(10UXA~ xa~ TCpouboAlj lj ao» xa1:~ !J-~trYj1:0, e:t'la~ TCa'l'ta wx.ap~(11:o vo: bAE7tOU!J-e: 01:~ 1:wa1:a~ !J-Eua aTCo 1:~~ Exljlpa(1E~~ 1:Yj~ aYYA~xlj~ XUbEp'lYjtrYj~. 67 § 8 I '00"0 ~xavo7to~rl'nx~ xa~ a» dva~ xa,," a(lx.~v au,,"~ "Y) E!J.7tE~P~X~ yvwo""y) [J.£O"a 0"""0 7tEO[O """y)e;, epavEpwvE,,"a~ ac/>' ev6c; £vae; aAAOe; XUXAOe; aVTlKelj1eVWV, ,,"a o7to[a OEV O"U[J.7tEp~Aa[J.gavona~ !J.£O"a """y)e;: '1 eAevOepia, 'W nvebua tau 0 Oe6c;2. Av~xouv O"E [J.~a o~aepopE,,"~X~ O"epa[pa, ox~ E7tE~O~ OEV av~xouv o""""Y)V E[J.7tE~p[a - dyoupa OEV g~wvona~ [J.E ,,"~e; a~O"e~o"E~e;, aAAa o,,,"~ U7tapXE~ YEv~xa !J.£O"a 0""""Y) O"uvdo"Y)O""Y), dva~ an~xd[J.EvO E[J.7tE~p[ae;· au,,"~ EOW dva~ !J.aA~O",,"a [J.~a ,,"au,,"oAoy~X~ 7tpo,,"ao""y) -, aAAa E7tE~O~ au,,"a ,,"a an~xd[J.Eva epavEpwvona~ we; 7tpOe; ""0 neplex6j1ev6 ,,"oue; we; a7t£pav,,"a. r7tapXE~ [J.~a apxa['a 7tpo,,"aO""y), """Y)V o7to[a O"uv"Y)e[~ouv vo: a7too[oouv EO"epaA[J.£va 0"""0'1 Ap~O",,"O,,"£A"Y), cc» [J.E au,,"~v vo: Exeppa~o,,"av "Y) gacr~x~ ()£O""Y) """y)e; «fl~AoO"oep[ae; ""ou: «Nihil est in intellectu, quod non fuerit in sensu»: OEV U7tapXE~ ""[7to,,"a [J.£O"a 0""""Y) v o"Y) O""Y) , 7tOU OEV U7t~P~E [J.£O"a o""""Y)v a[O"e"Y)O""Y) xa~ o""""Y)v E[J.7tE~p[a. IIp£7tE~ vo: eEwp"y)()d we; a7tA~ 7tapE~~Y"y)o""y), a» "Y) eEWp"Y)O"~ax~ [spekulative] «fl~AoO"oep[a OEV e£A"Y)o"E v« 7tapaoExn[ au,,"o ""0 a~[w[J.a. AAM au,,"~ "Y) «fl~AoO"oep[a ea ~O"xup~O",,"d xa~ an [O",,"poepa: «Nihil est in sensu, quod non fuerit in intellectu», - [J.E ""0 YEV~XO vO"Y)[J.a o""~ 0 VOUC;;! xa~ [J.E iva gaeunpo opo 'W nvevj1a dva~ "Y) a~,,"[a 1. nCpiAIJIfIIJ: j'mip'X.ouv xa.ito~a av't"~XdiJ-Eva itOU OEV iJ-7tOPOUV »a. 't"a auAAa.60uv o~ EiJ-itE~P~XEC; E7ttO''t"~iJ-EC;: dva~ 1) EAw6Ep1a, -ro itVEUiJ-a xa~ 0 6EOC;. Km 0'X.~ EitE~O~ au't"a. OEV ax.E't"1l:ona~ iJ-E 't"1)v EiJ-itE~p1a, aAAa. EitE~O~ dva~ a7tepana. 'O,'t"~ U7ta.P'X.E~ iJ-Eaa 0''t"1) '101)0'1), U7ta.P'X.E~ xa~ iJ-EO'a O''t"1)v EiJ-7tE~p1a - xa~ iJ-a.A~O''t"a iJ-E -ro v01)iJ-a o't"~ 1) p1l:a 't"1)C; EiJ-itE~p1ac; 6p1=E't"a~ iJ-eaa 0''t"1) '101)0'1), iJ-Eaa O''t"o itVEUiJ-a. 2. A~1l:E~ va itpoaE'X.'t"d o't"~ 0 XEYXEA itapaAAciaO'E~ EOW 't"a 't"pta iJ-E't"atPua~xa. an~XdiJ-EVa (EAEU6Ep1a - ~u'X.~ - 6EOC;), 7tOU o-UiJ-tPwva iJ-E 't"ov Kan dva~ «O~ ~OeEC;», xa~ an' au't"wv iJ-~Aa. y~a EAw6Ep1a - nveoua - 6EO. 3. O~ AE~E~C; 7tOU EiJ-tPav1l:ona~ iJ-E ita'X.~a. iJ-aupa ypa.iJ-iJ-a't"a, 7tapouO'~a.l:ona~ d\A1)V~Xa. O''t"o YEPiJ-aV~Xo itpw't"o't"Uito. 68 .. ou xocriJ-ou. ME mo crUYXEXP~iJ-EVO vOl]iJ-a (OE<; § 2) au .. ~ l] 7tpo .. aO"l] ~crxupi~E .. a~ o .. ~ .. 0 VOiJ-~XO, l](hxo xa~ 6pl]crXEU"~XO aicr6l]iJ-a dva~ Eva aicr6l]iJ-a xa~ apa iJ-~a EiJ-1tE~pia .. E .. OWU 7tEP~EXOiJ-EVOU, wcr .. E EXE~ "l] pi~a .. ou xa~ "l]V Eopa .. ou iJ-OVO iJ-Ecra cr"l] VOl]O"l]. § 9 'A~Aocro- 4>~xo, 7:0 ()eWPl1azaKo voeiv, 'Apa w<; doo<; avaAoy~criJ-Ou, 7tOU iJ-OAOVO"~ EXE~ xa .. ~ K01VO iJ-E sxcivo .. o» avaAoy~criJ-O y~a .. o» o1toio iJ-~A~craiJ-E 7tapa7tavw, Enou .. o~<; Jza~Aocr04>~- 1. IJr.piAYfIlfYf: Au'to O"'to 01toio eitiO""y)C; uO"'tepd "Y) e[J.1te~p~x~ [J.Ef:lOOOC;, dvat o't~ 'ta em'teuY[J.a'ta 't"Y)C; oev EXOUV avayxoioinia. 'Ocra o~amcr'twvona~ e[J.itetp~xa, dva~ ao-Uvoe'ta [J.e'ta~u 'touc;, xa~ 'to ~e:xiv"Y)[J.a aito 'ta a[J.e:O"a e:[J.1te~p~xa oeoo[J.Eva, embapu[J.Evo [J.e: [J.ta 1tA"Y)6wpa itPOUit06EO"ewv, oev [J.1topd »o: 1tpObaAe~ a~iwO""YJ avayxa~o't"Y)'tac;. Au't~ 1te:'tuxaive'ta~ [J.ovo [J.EO"a a1to 't"Y) ~~AOO"O~~X~ =E~"Y), itOU o~e:upuve~ 't~c; e[J.1te~p~XEc; xa't"Y)yopie:c; [J.e:'ta[J.op~wvoV'tac; 't~c; 'toO"o, WO"'tE »a. cruAAabouv 'to AitEpano. 69 x.(k tAoO'o,pta 't''YJV o7tota u7tepaO'7tt~e't'at 0 XEYXEA. A~ 7tp0O'E'X,'t'd o't't oev 7tpoxet't'at yta f:lewP'YJ't'tx~ (theoretisch) emO''t'~Il-'YJ O'E otaxptO''YJ 7tpO~ xa7tota aAA'YJ 7tpax't'tx~, yta't't O'UIl-7tEptAall-6avet xat eV't'EAW~ 7tpax't'txa aV't'txdll-eva. TeAtxO av't'txetll-evo xat O''t'o'X,o~ 't''YJ~ f:lewP'YJO'tax~~ emO''t'~Il-'YJ~ eivat 'YJ toea' IhO't 0 XEyxeA Il-tAa yta (ff:lEWP'YJO'tax~ ~ a7tOAu't''YJ tOEa», OE~ 7tapaxa't'w §§ 235-7. ~E~ xat 't''YJv 3'YJ u7toO''YJll-dwO''Y) 't''YJ~ § 82. 70 na 7tOU EXf.~ f.mwOd x~A~aOf.<; tPOPE<; xa~ 'tf.A~Xa EXf.~ , '-..1.' A' ~ , xa'tav'tl]O"f.~ 7tpOxa'taAl]'t'l]: o't~ 'to 7tf.pav'to oe» I1-7tOpf.~ vo: cruAAl]tPOd 11-f. EVVO~f.<;. §1O I Au'to 'to vosiv 7tOU av~xf.~ irio» tP~AOO"OtP~xo 'tp07tO YVWO"l]<; EXf.~ avayxl] a7to xa7to~f.<; f.~l]Y~O"f.~<;, 'toO"o o"Xf.'t~xa 11-f. 'tl]V avayxa~o'tl]'ta 'tou 00"0 xa~ O""f..f.'t~xa 11-f. 'tl]v ~xavo'tl]'ta 'tou vo: yvwpt~f.~ 'ta a7tOAu'ta an~xdl1-f.va. AAAa O~ 'tE'tO~f.<; f.~l]y~O"f.~<; dva~ ~Ol] tP~AOO"OtP~X~ YVWO"l], 7tOU apa 11-0'10 ueoa O"'tl] «J)~AoO"otPta 7tf.'tuxatVf.'taL M~a 7rpO(JWPIV~ f.~~yl]O"l] Oa ~'tav Aomov 11-l]tP~AOO"OtP~X~, xa~ Of.V Oa ~'tav 'tt7to'tf. 7tf.P~o"o"O'tf.pO a7to Eva 7tAEYl1-a 7tPOU7tOOEO"f.WV, o~a6f.6a~wO"f.wv xa~ o~aAoY~O"I1-WV, - ol]Aao~ 'tuXatwv ~O""f..UP~O"I1-WV, 'twv 07tOtwV 'ta aV'ttOf.'ta Oa 11-7t0- pouO"av 11-f. 'to tOW OtxW vo: o~a6f.6a~wOouv. 1. JlepiAYflffl7= II 4>~AOO'o4>~x~ !Joe6000<;, 'to !JoYJ-E!Jo7tE~P~XO »oei», 1tp06aAAE~ OUO a~~wO'E~<;: a) o't~ 1tE'tu'X.atVE~ 'tyJV avayxa~o'tYJ'ta, xa~ 6) o't~ !Jo1tOpe:t »o: YVWPtO'E~ 'ta !JoE'ta4>uO'txa aV't~xe:t!JoEva (eov 6EO, 'to 7tVEu!Joa xat 'tYJv EAEU6Epta). IIw<; !Jo7tOPOUV va 0~xawAoYYJ60uv au'tE<; O~ OUO a~~wO'E~<;; IIaV'tw<; 6x~ !JoE Xa1tO~E<; 7tpOO'WP~VE<; E~YJY~O'E~<;, y~a'tt aU'tE<; 6a E7tt6apuvoV'tav !JoE Xa1tOtE<; 1tpOU1t06EO'E~<; xa~ !JoE oOY!Joa't~xE<; 0~a6E6a~WO'E~<;, 1tOU 6a !Jo1topouO'av »o: av't~xpou0'60uv !JoE 'tOU<; axp~6w<; aV'tt6E'toU<; oOY!Joa't~O'!Joou<;. o XEYXEA E7ttXPtVE~ 'tYJ yvWO'w6Ewpta 'tou Kavr , 0 01tOto<; 1tP~V ao-xoAYJ6d !JoE 'tYJ yvwO'Yj 'twv !JoE'ta4>uO'txwv aV't~xE~!JoEVWV, O~EPEUVYJO'E 'tYJv to~a 'tYJ yvwO'~ax~ ~xavo'tYJ'ta, y~a »o: ~od Eav au't~ dva~ Eva E1tapxE<; opyavo. 0 XEYXEA aV't~'tdvE~ o't~ 'to yvWPtl:E~V OEV !Jo1topd vo: 0~EPEUVYJ6d 1tapa !JoEO'W yvwO'Yj<;, xa~ apa Eav 6EAOU!JoE »o: !Joa60u!JoE XOAU!Jo7tt (= »o: EAEy~OU!JoE 'to opyavo 'tYJ<; yvwO'Yj<;), 1tPE7tEt 1tpw'ta »o: 1tEO'OU!JoE o-ro VEPO (= vo: EtO'OUO'OU!JoE O''tYJV to~a 'tYJ yvwO'Yj). OU'tE YJ 1tpo'taO'Yj 'tou K. L. Reinhold xptvE'ta~ W<; op6o E7ttO''tYJ!Joovtxo ~ExtvYJ!Joa: au'to<; 7tpO'tE~VE vo: ~Ex~va xavd<; !JoE Xa1tO~E<; 1tpOO'WP~VE<; U1t06EO'Et<;, 't~<; 07tOtE<; 6a avaAuO'E~ apyo'tEpa' aAAa E'tO'~ E'X.E~ 4>op'tw6d ~oYJ xa'ta 'to ~ExtvYJ!Joa !JoE a1tapaOEX'tE<; 1tpOU1t06EO'E~<; xa~ !JoE ava~pEO'~!JoOU<; oOY!Joa't~O'!JoOU<;. 71 Mta. 6aO'~x~ a7tol}'Y) 't'Y)C; KPI7:lKftC; tAoO'o,ptac; xa'ta 'to ~EXtv'Y)[Joa 'tou 190u atwva»l, Hamburg 1801, (XUptWC; O''ttC; O'EA. 90 x, E.). 0 Xe:YXEA aaxOAEi'tat [JoE au'to 'to 6t6AtO EX'tE'ta[Joe:va ~O'Y) 0''t0 vEavtXO 'tou 6t6AtO: Differenz des Fichteschen und Schellingschen Systems 72 U7tafl'X,Et ae EVa 't"how ~Exiv'Y)[1-a, 7tfl(5't"EtVE co» AUcr'Y) »o: ~EXtVa xavde; 7tflocrwfltVa [1-E Eva vnoBerua5 xat npOBA'1lwtuco cptAocrocpdv, xat vo: 7tfl0'X,Wfld [1-Ecra a' au't"o (Evae; 6EOe; 1:' ')' ',t.'" I "EflEt 7tWe; , wcr7tOU »o: 7tflOXU'fEt Xa7to't"E, o't"t xa't" au't"o -rov 't"flO7tO Ecp't"acrE cr't"'Y)V apxeyov'1 aAr,Beza. Eav 7tflocrE'X,'t"d xaAU't"Efla, au't"~ 'Y) [1-E60ooe; 't"au't"i~E't"at [1-E [1-ta 7tOAU cruV'Y)6tcr[1-EV'Y) 7tflax't"tX~: ~EXtVa a7to Eva E[1-7tEtfltXO OEOO[1-EVO ~ a7to [1-ta 7tflocrwfltV~ Etxacria 7tOU E'X,Et ota't"u7tw6d oe Eva 0fltcr[1-0, xat ucr't"Efla 7tfl0'X,Wfld cr't"'Y)V avaAu~ -rou, dEV 7tflE7tEt va 7taflayvwflicrou[1-E o't"t EOW 6flicrxE't"at [1-ta ofl6~ cruVEto'Y)'t"o7toi'Y)<7'Y): o't"t 'Y) cruV'Y)6tcr[1-EV'Y) 7t0flda [1-Ecrw 7tflOU7t06EcrEwv xat 7tflocrwfltvwv tcrxUfltcr[1-WV dvat [1-E60ooe; U7t06E't"tX~ xat 7tfl06A'Y)[1-a't"tX~. Ana au't"~ 'Y) Ofl6~ otayvwcr'Y) OEV aAM~Et 't"ov , , 6'>:0 ",''1 ' 'X,aflax't"'Y)fla [1-tae; 't"E't"Otae; [1-E coou: EX'ffla"Et [1-0'10 't"'Y)v aVE- 7taflXEta 't"'Y)e;. § 11 IH avayx'Y) 't"'Y)e; t"X.'tE Xett trto q:,tAOO"Oq:,tXO aUo"TY)(J.et 'tou Schelling, O"E O"uax.e:'ttO"(J.o 7tpo<; 'tt<; Eoveiadrope; 'tou Reinhold yui emcosotepn emaxonnan tnt; «aiaaioanc tnt; lP1AoaoljJiac; Kara TO C;eKivl'ff1a rou J90U auvva»], Jena 1801. ~E<; Hegels Werke (Suhrkamp), Band 2, S. 116-138: "Ober Reinholds Ansicht der Philosophie". 1. flepiAI'fIflI'f: H etv,xyx"Y) 't"Y)<; tAOO"Oq:,tet<; vet OtXetWAoy~O"e:t 'tt<; U<¥"y)AE<; et~twO"e:t<; 't"Y)<; (oe:<; § 10) Oq:,dAE'tett o-ro o'tt EOW 'to 7tVEU(J.et q:,'t,xVEt O"E u<¥tO"'t"Y) EO"W'te:ptxo't"Y)'tet, q:,'t,xVEt 0"'t"Y) vO"Y)O""Y) Xett 't"Y)v xet6tO"'t,x etV'ttXd(J.EVO -rou, AAA,x WO"7tOU vet 7tE'tU"X.Et etu't~ 't"Y)v 7tA"Y)pO't"Y)'tet, "Y) q:,tAO(j"Oq:,tX~ vO"Y)O""Y) 73 audx; TIC; JlOp¢er; 't""Y]c:; U7tap~~c:; 't"ou xa~ 't"W'V a'V't"~xe:~fI-€'Vw'V 't"ou , I I I,L I' 7tape:xe:~ e:7tt0l)C:; ~xa'Vo7to~"Y]O""Y] 0"'t""Y]'V u'j'~O"'t""Y] e:O"w't"e:p~xo't""Y]'t"a -rou, atn vonon, xa~ €'t"0"~ xa't"op6w'Ve:~ va. xa'Ve:~ 't""Y] 'Vo"Y]O""Y] a'V't"~xdfl-e:'Vo 't"ou2. Ka't"' au't"o 't"0'V 't"p07tO -ro 7t'Ve:ufl-a 7tpoO"€pxe:'t"a~ (Jrov eaura rou, fl-e: -ro 7ttO ba6u 'Vo"y]fl-a 't""Y]c:; A€~"Y]C:;, y~a't"t -ro a~twfl-a -rou, "Y] afl-~y~c:; e:au't"o't""Y]'t"a -rou d'Va~ "Y] 'VO"Y]OI). AAAa 0"' au't"~ 't""Y]'V e:pyacr1a 't""Y]c:; "Y] 'Vo"Y]OI) 7te:pmA€xe:'t"a~ ce a'V't"~4>aO"e:~c:;, o"Y]Aao~ , , 6 ' I ',t.' xa'Ve:'t"a~ fl-e:O"a 0"'t""Y] O"'t"a e:p"Y] fI-"Y]-'t"au't"o't""Y]'t"a 't"w'V crxe:'j'e:w'V, x~ e:'t"0"~ , ,.r...' , , i. I , a'V't"~ va 'j''t"a'Ve:~ 0"'t"0'V e:au't"o 't""Y]C:;, 7tapafl-e:'Ve:~ a~Xfl-al\w't"~O"fl-e:'V"Y] a7to -ro a'V't"t6e:'t"o 't""Y]c:;. Au't"o -ro a7to't"€Ae:O"fl-a, e-ro 07tOtO oo"Y]yd "Y] ~ , , I ",,' I cna'Vo~a, e:'Va'V't"~w'Ve:'t"a~ 0"'t""Y]'V 7tapa7ta'Vw a'Va'j'e:pofl-e:'V"y] a'Vayx"Y], "Y] o7tota 6e:fl-e:A~w'Ve:'t"a~ o-ro o't"~ "Y] 'Vo"Y]O""Y] oe:'V e:yxa't"aAd7te:~ 't"0'V ayw'Va, aAAa 7tapafl-€'Ve:~ 7tt0"'t"~ 0"'t"0'V e:au't"o 't""Y]c:; 7tap' OA"Y]'V au't"~ 't""Y]'V O"u'Ve:~o"Y]'t"~ a7tWAe:~a -rou 7tap' -e:au't"o'V-Et'Va~ 't""Y]C:;, «yui va rYJ V1Kl/(JBm3 xa~ vo: 7tpaYfl-a't"wO"e:~ fI-€O"a 0"'t""Y]'V to~a 't""Y] 'Vo"Y]O""Y] 't""Y] O~aAUOl) 't"w'V a'V't"~4>aO"e:w'V 't""Y]c:;. To vo: ~ooufl-e: o't"~ "Y] 'Vo"Y]O""Y] fI-€O"a 0"'t""Y]'V to~a 't""Y] 4>uOI) 't""Y]c:; d'Va~ o~aAe:x't"~x~ [Dialektik], o't"~ "Y] 'Vo"Y]OI) wc:; o~a'Vo~a '" '., P " , 0'j'e:~1\e:~ va fl-e:'t"aoa~'Ve:~ 0"'t""Y]'V ap'V"Y]O""Y] 't"ou e:au't"ou 't""Y]C:;, 0"'t""Y]'V '", ., " P "6 A ' H ' a'V't"~'j'aOl), a7to't"e:I\e:~ evo: oaO"~xo fl-a "Y]fl-a oy~x"Y]c:;. 'Vo"y]- 7te:pv,x fJ-EO"a a7to av'n4>,xO"e:te;, 'X.,xVEt '1;0'1 e:au'l;o 'l;1)e; xat 'X.pe:t,x~e:'I;at vo: x,xve:t Eva a"(wva Ot,xAUO"1)e; 'l;WV tOtWV 'l;1)e; 'l;WV ant4>,xO"e:wv. IIpoxe:t'l;at "(ta fJ-ta OWAeKTlK~ 7topda, 7tOU fJ-7topd vo: 001)"(~0"e:t '1;1) '1(1)0"1) axofJ-a xat 0"'1;0 vo: fJ-t~O"e:t '1;0'1 tOto '1;0'1 e:au'I;o 'l;1)e;. 2. II 4>tAOO"o4>tX~ 7topda 'l;dve:t AOt7tOV vo: ,,(tve:t au'l;o 7tOU 0 Apto"'I;O'l;EA1)e; !le:w(1)O"e: O'l;t dvat fJ-ta !le:tX~ e:vEp,,(e:ta: vonau; vonoeo»; (oe:e; Apto"'I;O'l;EAOUe; Met« 'fa (j)vaIKa. A9, 1074b 34), 07tOU 0 voue; vod '1;0'1 tOto '1;0'1 e:au'l;o -rou, 3. 0 XE"(Xe:A 7tapa7tEfJ-7te:t e:ow ce fJ-ta ()t()AtX~ Ex4>paO"1) a7to 'l;OUe; 1JI' aAfJ-OUe;, 1) o7tota a7tw!luve:'I;at 0"'1;0'1 !le:o: «07tWe; &'1 otxatw!lne; Ev 'l;oie; A~"(Ote; oou xai vucnonc EV '1;0 Xptve:O"!lat o'e» (= «"(ta vo: a7tooe:t'X.'I;de; otxatoe; o"'I;OUe; Ao"(oue; o"ou xat VtX~O"e:te;, e:av Ot ,xv!lPW7tOt 'l;OAfJ-~O"OUV »o: ae XptVOUV))), oe:e; lPaAf10VC; 50, 6 xat Ilpoc Ptouoioo; 3, 4. 74 crY), a7te:Am~OtJ.e:VYj a7tO -ro 6"rt tJ.7tOfle:t a¢' eaom; vo: 7te:"ru'X.e:t "rYj OtaAucrYj "rYje; anL4>acrY)e;, tJ.e:cra cr"rYjv 07tOLa au"r~ Yj tota '6' , '''"'"\'' e:'X.e:t e:cre:t -rov e:au"ro "rYje;, e:mcr"rfle:'t'e:t cr"rte; I\ucre:te; 07tOU -ro , , '6 ""' ''I' ,"\"\ ' 7tve:U!J.a e:'X.e:t tJ.a e:t va e:'t'Yjcru'X.a",e:t tJ.e:cra cre: al\l\oue; "rflO7tOUe; xat tJ.ofl4>e:e; "rou. Llucr"ru'X.we; Yj vOYjcrY) xa"r' au"r~ "rYjV e:mcr"rflo4>~ xa"ra7te:4>"re:t, xa6we; 7tafla"r~flYjcre: ~oYj 0 lIAa"rwv, cr"rYj tJ.tt:roAoj'ta4, xat crUtJ.7te:flt4>e:fle:"rat 7tOAe:tJ.tXa e:vav"rta axo» LOtO "rov e:au"ro "rYje;' xa"rt "re:"rOtO oe:v 6a e:7tfle:7te: vo: j'Lve:"rat· xat otJ.we; au"ro crutJ.baLve:t, o"rav tCl"X.uflt~Onat o"rt Yj e:7tovotJ.a~otJ.e:vYj aueon yvwal1 'Etvat Yj anotcssunucn tJ.Ofl4>~ cruve:tOYj"r07tOLYjcrY)e; "rYje; aA~6e:tae;. § 12 IH WtAocro4>La 7tOU 7tflOXU7t"re:t a7to "rYjV 7tafla7taVW ava4>e:fl6- tJ.e:vYj avaj'xYj, e:'X.e:t we; asbeinpia "rYjV euneipia, "rocro "rYjV atJ.e:crYj Cl'Uve:toYjcrY) ocro xat "rte; cruve:7taj'wj'e:e; "rYje;. Me:crw aU"r~e; "rYje; avayxYje; we; e:fle:6tcrtJ.a"r0e; Yj vOYjcrY) 'X.aflax"rYjflL~e:"rat oucrtacr"rtxa I , , , , ,;... , , a7to -ro O"rt e:ye:tfle:"rat 7tavw a7to "rYj 't'ucrtxYj xa"racr"racrYj "rYje; cruve:toYjcrYje;, 7tavw a7to "rte; atcr6~cre:te; xat "rte; cruve:7taywye:e; "roue;, tJ.e:cra o-ro atJ.tye:e; cr"rOt'X.e:to -rou e:au"rou "rYje;, xat e:"rcrt 7tatflve:t xa"r' 4. ~E<; lIAa'twvo<; (/)aiowv 89 c-d, Au.X'1C;; 188 c-e , lloA.rrda 411d. 1. llcpiA.'1If1'1: 0 XEYXEA 7tapOU(na~EL EOW 'to ~ExivY)[J-CX xaL HI 6acrLX~ 7topda TYj<; tAoO"o4>ia<;. A4>ETYjpia dvaL Y) euneipia, 'to E[Jo7tELPLXO UALXO [JoE era er'ty)v a[JoEO"o'tY)'ta 'tou. AAAa OEV EXOUV Emw6d 7tOAAa, Eav Emw6d O'tL Y) tAoero4>ia ~ExLva a7to xa'tL E[Jo7tELPLXO (a posteriori) xaL 'tuXaio, YLa'ti Y) vOY)C1Y) avaLpd au'to 'to UALXO avu<¥wvona<; 'to 7tavw a7to 'ta aLer6Y)'ta, [JoE [JoLa apvntucn er'taC1Y) a7tEvani 'tOU, ooy)ywna<; 'to E'terL at: YEVLXO'tY)'ta xaL avayxaLo'tY)'ta. To O'tL Y) i[>LAoero4>ia ~EXLva [JoE 'ty)v E[Jo7tEtpia, C1Y)[J-CX0EUEL [JoLa E~EAL~~ 'ty)<; as: eruyxpLC1Y) 7tpo<; 'to apxaLXO 4>LAoero4>dv 7tOU OEV 7tpOXWPY)o"E 7tEpa a7tO 'tL<; YC:VLXO'tY)'tE<;. II VEO'tEPy) i[>LAoero4>ia av'tAd 'to UALXO 'ty)<; a7tO 'tL<; E[Jo7tELPLXE<; E7tL0"'t~[JoE<;, a4>ou aU'tE<; 7tpw'tU'tEpa EXOUV voY)'tLxa avaLpEO"EL 'ty)v a[JoEerO'tY)'ta 'tOU, xaL 'to 7tP0O"4>EpOUV <7'!Y) i[>LAoO"o4>ia YLa [JoLa xa6apa VOY)'tLX~ (a priori) 7tEpaL'tEpw E[Joba6uvC1Y). 75 apx~v fJ-ta a7toG"'t"aG"W7tOWUfJ-e:v'Y), oovmuoi ataon 7tpoe:; sxcivo 't"o ~e:xtv'Y)fJ-a. H vO'Y)O"l) 6ptG"Xe:t 't"o't"e: 't"'Y)V txavo7tot'Y)G"~ 't"'Y)e:; fJ-EG"a oxo» e:au't"o 't"'Y)e:;, fJ-EG"a G"'t"'Y)v tOEa 't"'Y)e:; vevucnc; oUG"tae:; 't"wv xa't"' atG"O'Y)G"'Y) 4>atVOfJ-EvWV' au't"~ 'Y) tOEa ('t"o a7toAu't"o, 0 Oe:oe:;) fJ-7topd va dvat ... ' , , ""' ' A' ""' ' Atronpo 'Y) 7te:ptG"G"o't"e:po a'j''Y)p'Y)fJ-e:v'Y). V't"tG"'t"po'j'a Ot e:fJ-7te:tptxe:e:; e:mG"'t"~fJ-e:e:; e:pe:Ot~ouv 't"o 7tve:ufJ-a o-ro »o: xa't"avtx~G"e:t r:,! /10P¢r" fJ-EG"a G"'t"'Y)V o7tota 7tapExe:'t"at 0 7tAou't"oe:; 't"ou 7te:pte:XOfJ-EVOU 't"OUe:; we:; Eva a7tAwe:; afJ-e:G"o Oe:OOfJ-EVO, we:; 7tA'Y)Owpa 7tparfJ-a't"wv 7tOU a7tAwe:; G"UfJ-7tape:uptG"Xov't"at xa't"a 't"P07tO toyoio: e:pe:Ot~ouv 't"o 7tve:ufJ-a G"'t"o vo: opOwG"e:t au't"o -ro 7te:pte:X0fJ-e:vo G"e: avarxato't"'Y)'t"a, - Xt au't"oe:; 0 e:pe:OtG"fJ-0e:; a7torr7ta 't"'Y) vO'Y)O"l) a7to e:xdv'Y) 't"'Y) re:VtXo't"'Y)'t"a xat a7to 't"'Y)V Ka(}' eavr:r,v2 7tape:X0fJ-e:v'Y) txavo7tot'Y)G"'Y), xat 't"'Y)V wOd 7tpoe:; fJ-ta a¢' eavr:r,r;; OpfJ-wfJ-e:v'Y) ava7t't"u~'Y). Au't"~ 'Y) ava7t't"u~'Y) dvat a4>' e:voe:; fJ-ta 7tpoG"A'Y)~'Y) -rou 7te:pte:X0fJ-e:vou xat 't"wv 7tapouG"ta~ofJ-e:vwv tOW- I ,,",' I 0 I I 0 I 't"'Y)'t"wv -rou, a'j' e:'t"e:pou 7tpOW e:t -ro 7te:pte:XofJ-e:VO o-ro vo: fJ-tfJ-'Y) e:t 't"'Y)V apxErOV'Y) vO'Y)O"l), vo: e:~e:AtXOd e:Ae:uOe:pa, xaOopt~ofJ-e:vo fJ-0VO a7to 't"'Y)V avarxato't"'Y)'t"a 't"wv tOtWV 't"wv 7tparfJ-a't"wv. IIavw G"'t"'Y) G"'J.EO"l) fJ-e:'t"a~u 't"'Y)e:; oueaotnuu; xat 't"'Y)e:; /1woAa6'!u'!r;; fJ-EG"a G"'t"'Y) G"uvdo'Y)O"l) Oa xavw Aoro 7tapaxa't"w I... ' Ell-I' I I p'Y)'t"a xat Ae:7t't"OfJ-e:pe:G"'t"e:pa. oro 7tpe:7te:t fJ-OVO »o: e:mG"'t"'Y)G"w 7tpoG"wptva 't"'Y)V 7tpoG"OX~ o-ro o't"t, EG"'t"W xat o» au't"a 't"a OUO G"'t"aota e:fJ-4>avt~oV't"at we:; ~e:XWptG"'t"a, oe:v fJ-7topd Kaveva ana ta 6vo va Xeine«, xat 6ptG"xoV't"at fJ-EG"a G"e: a6zaxwPlUr:'! crUvoe:O"l). - 'E't"G"t 'Y) rVwO"l) 't"ou Oe:ou, 07twe:; xat xaOe: vnepatG"O'Y)'t"ou e:VrEVe:t, 7te:ptEXe:t oUG"taG"'t"txa fJ-ta avinpox»: 7tavw a7to 't"o atG"O'Y)fJ-a ~ 't"'Y)V atG"O'Y)'t"'Y)ptax~ e:7to7t't"da' 7te:ptEXe:t apa fJ-ta apv'!r:lKr, G"'J.EG"'Y) a7tEvaV't"t G"'t"a apXtxa Oe:oOfJ-EVa 't"wv atG"O~aeio», xat fJ-a~t 't"'Y)e:; 7te:ptAafJ-6ave:t 't"'Y) /1euOAa6'!u'!. l'ta't"t 'Y) 2. an sich - {Joe: 'to '1orwa: xa'ta 4>anaaLa'l ~ oU'Ia{Joe:t, o"/.) 7tpay{Joa'tL o XiYXe:A anmapa6i'te:t au'to 'to «xa6' e:au'to)) a'to «a4>' e:au'tOl))) (von sich aus) 7tOU 7tapouata~e:'tat a{Joiaw<; 7tapaxa'tw. 76 l. 'I? I , t:' " , I [J-EcrONl.O'Y)cr'Y) Etvat EVa <,EXtV'Y)[J-a a7to xa'tt xat Eva 7tpOXW- p'Y)[J-a ae eva OEU"t"EPO ';"pay[J-a, €'tcrt wcr'tE au'to 'to OEU'tEPO umipXEt IJ.OVO, xa'ta 'to [J-€'tpo 7tOU 'to €XOU[J-E 7tpocrEyyicrEt EPXO[J-EVOt a7to xa'tt aAAtw'ttXO a7tO au'to3• AAAa'Y) yvwcr'Y) 6 ' " , ",' ~ , 'tou EOU EVant EXEtV'Y)<; 't'Y)<; E[J-7tEtptX'Y)<; 'faCl"'Y)<; oEV EtVat Atyonpo au6u7tapx't'Y), xat [J-aAtcr'ta 'Y) au6u7tap~ia 't'Y)<; 7tap€XE'tat oucrtacr'ttxa [J-€crw au't~<; 't'Y)<; apv'Y)Cl"'Y)<; xat avuIjJwcr'Y)<;. - Eav 'Y) [J-EcroAa6'Y)cr'Y) avuljJw6d [J-OV07tAWpa xat 7tapoucrtacr'td w<; xa'tt E~ap't'Y)IJ.€VO", 'to'tE [J-7topd vo: Et7tw6d - a» xat· IJ.E au'to OEV 6a €XOUV Et7tw6d 7tOAAa - O'tt 'Y) ' '", [J-7tOpEt vo: Et7tW Et o'tt O'fEtAOU[J-E 'to 'tpwyEtV cr'ta 'tp0'ft[J-a, , , , , ~ 6 ' "," yta'tt XWpt<; au'ta xaVEt<; oEV a [J-7tOpOucrE va 'faEt· E'tcrt tow[J-€VO 'to 'tPWYEtV 7taptcr'tavE'tat xwpi<; WYVW[J-ocrUV'Y), , f' 6''1' , ",',> ' yta'tt xa'taopox t"Et EXEtVO, o-ro 07tOLO 0'fEtAEt -rov Eau'to 'tou. 'E'tcrt tow[J-€v'Y) 'Y) vO'Y)cr'Y) dvat E~icrou ayvw[J-wv. Ana U7taPXEt xat [J-ta a priori a7toljJ'Y) 't'Y)<; vO'Y)Cl"'Y)<;, 07tOU [J-E [J-ta [J-EcroAa6'Y)Cl"'Y) 7tOU 7tpay[J-a'twvE'tat [J-E avacrxo- 7t'Y)cr'Y) [J-€cra cr'tov Eau'to, 7tap€XE'tat [J-ta a[J-Ecro't'Y)'ta 7tOU dvat yevucotnta, 'to 7tap' -Eau'tov-Eivat 't'Y)<; vO'Y)cr'Y)<;' [J-€cra c' au't~v 'Y) vO'Y)cr'Y) 'tocro txaw);";otEi'tat EV'tO<; Eau't~<;, wcr'tE aOtacpopd yta [J-ta xa6000 cr'ta etuuipooc; €'tcrt o[J-w<; aota- 3. ~e:<; eva rcrx.pO(J-OLO OPLcr(J-O 't"Y)<; «(J-e:croAcilly)CTY)<;» (Vermittlung), rcou rcPOcr4>Epe:'t"rx.L cr't"Y)V § 86 l:Y)(J-. 4. II (J-e:crOAli(ly)CTY) dVrx.L (J-Lrx. xivY)CTY) rcpo<; 't"Y) VOY)'t"LX~ rx.ve:~rx.p't"Y)crirx., YL' rx.u't"o (J-ovo rx.rco EVrx. (J-ovorcAe:upo rcpicr(J-rx. (J-rcopd Y) (J-e:croM.6Y)CTY) vo: !le:wpY)!ld w<; XthL e:~rx.P't"Y)(J-EVO. 'E't"crL Xrx.L oAoxAY)pY) Y) iJ>LAocro4>irx. w<; xivY)CTY) 7tpo<; 't"Y)v Xrx.L (J-Ecrrx. cr't"Y)v VOY)'t"LX~ rx.ve:~rx.p't"Y)crirx., (J-ovo (J-ovorcAwprx. (J-rcope:i »« !le:wpY)!ld w<; e:~rx.P't"w(J-e:vY) rx.rco ro e:(J-rce:LPLXO UALXO rcou dVrx.L Y) rx.P'X.LX~ 't"Y)<; 't"po4>~. 77 40pd xat yta "rl]V awi7t"ru~~ "rl]e:;. '07t(IlC:; xat 'YJ 6p'YJGxda, d"rE E~EAty[l-EV'YJ d"rE 'X,OVOpOEtO~e:;, d"rE E'X,Et ota[l-op4w6d crE Emcr"rl][l-OVtX~ cruvdo'YJcr'Y) Et..E ota"r'YJpd"rat [l-Ecra cr"r'YJV a7tAOr.X~ 7ttcr"r'YJ "rl]e:; xapOtae:;, 'YJ VOl]crl] Xa"rE'X,Et "rl]V tota Enov'YJ 4ucr'Y) "r'YJe:; txavo7tot'YJcr'Y)e:; xat EUOat[l-Ovtae:;. AAAa o"rav 'YJ VOl]cr'Y) OEV 7tpo'X,wpd 7tEpa a7to "rl] Y[;V1KOUI1:a "rwv tOEWV, 07twe:; au"ro cru[l-batVEt xa"r' avayx'YJv [l-Ecra cr"rte:; 7tPW"rEe:; IK~ xa.t e~wreP1K~ fl-opCP~. O. 6a.6fl-tOEe; E~EAt~lJe; cpa.tvona.t Exd co» va Ota.oExona.t rvxaia lJ fl-ta. "rlJV aAAlJ, xa.t 7ta.pEXOUV fl-ta. 7tAlJ6wpa. JWOperlKWV a.~twfl-a"rwv xa.t xa."ra.ypa.cpwv "roue; fl-Ecra. cr"ra. 7tOtXtAa. cptAocro- ~' , K' , ''\'~, 'l'txa. crucr"rlJfl-a."ra.. a.t ofl-we; a.U"rlJ "rlJV Epya.crta. XtAta.OWV XPOVWV o tOWe; a.PXt"rEX"rova.e; "rlJ OtlJU6UVE: a.u"roe; 0 a.PXt"rEX"rOVa.e; dva.t -ro tva ~wna.vo 7tVEUfl-a., -rou 07tOtOU lJ cpu<'1lJ EYXEt"ra.t o-ro vo: tJ'XE7t"rE"ra.t, va cruVEtolJ"ro7totd avro nov eivoi, xa.t, xavov"rae; -ro I , ,t. I , , E"rcrt a.V"rtXEtfl-EVO, »o: a.VU'I'WVE"ra.t crUva.fl-a. U7tEpa.VW -rou xa.t va cp"raVEt crE fl-ta. a.vwnplJ 6a.6fl-toa. "rou Etva.t -rou. Ta. Ota.CPopE"rtXa cptAocrocptxa crucr"r~fl-a."ra. 7tOU 7ta.poucrta~Et lJ Iatopia Ute; (/J1Aoao- 1. llcpiAI'fIflI'f: II iE'IEaYj xat 1) E~D.t~1) '!1)e; '\ "," ',\',\ ' , 'l'tAOcr0'fta. EtVa.t 'to a.7tO'tEAEcrfJ-a. OAWV 'tWV 7tPW'tU'tEPWV crucr't"YJfJ-a.- 'tWV, xa.t yt' a.u'tO OcpdAEt vo: crUfJ-7tEptAa.fJ-baVEt 'ta. a.~twfJ-a.'ta. OAWV' Eav AOt7tOV "YJ 'tEAEU'ta.ia. WtAocrocpia. a.~i~Et vo: oVOfJ-a~E'ta.t WtAocrocpia., dva.t "YJ 7ttO E~EAtYfJ-€V"YJ, "YJ 7ttO 7tAoUcrta. xa.t 7ttO crUYXExptfJ-€V"YJ a.7t0 OAEe;. Ka.'ta 't"YJV 7ta.poucria.O""Yj 'twv 'tocro 7tOAAWV xa.t 'tocro OWcjJOpe7:lKWV WtAocrOcptWV 7tP€7tEt vo: 7tpocrOtopi~E'ta.t a.xptb€cr'tEPa. "YJ Ota.cpopa a.vafJ-Ecra. o-ro YeVIKO xa.t o-ro etuuipooc, Eav 'to YEVtXO EXAa.fJ-baVE'ta.t fJ-opcptxa xa.t crUfJ-7ta.pa.'tiOE'ta.t !J.E 'to E7ttfJ-€pOUe;, Y iVE'ta. t xa. t a.u'tO xa't t E7ttfJ-€pOue;. Eav fJ-ta. 't€'tOta. crufJ-7ta.paOEcr"YJ ytVO'ta.v crE a.ntXdfJ-Eva. 't"YJe; Xa.O"YJfJ-E- , 't' ' 0 '" ' "", , ptV"YJe; "'W"YJe;, a. 'fa.VEPWVO'ta.v a.'f Ea.U't"YJe; we; a.'ta.tpta.cr't"YJ <:"1: ' " 0',\ ",' xa.t a.OE",ta.· 07tWe; Ea.V xa.7tOtoe; 7t.'X,. 7tOU EAEt »a 'fa.Et CPPOU'ta., a.PVt€'ta.t vo: cpaEt xEpacrta., a.'X,AaOta. ~ cr'ta.cpUAta., E7tEtO~ a.u'ta dva.t xEpacrta., a.'X,AaOta. ~ cr'ta.cpUAta. xa.t 0Xl CPPOU'ta.. 'Occv a.cpopa OfJ-we; 't"YJ WtAocrocpia. OtXa.toAOYOUV 't"YJV "," ,\' , , , s- '" 7tEpt'fpOV"YJO""Yj 'toue; AEyona.e; o'tt U7ta.p'X,OUV 'tocro ota.'fOpE'tt- X€e; WtAocrocpiEe; xa.t xa.OEfJ-ia. dva.t fJ-OVO uia WtAocrocpia. xa.t , if> '\ ",' , , o'X,t " 'l'tAOcr0'fta., - co» vo: fJ-"YJV "YJ'ta.v xa.t 'ta. XEpa.crta. ",' '\' " , if> '\ '" ' , 'fpou'ta.. ,"-,u'X,va. ofl-We; fJ-ta. 'tE'tOta. 'l'tAOcr0'fta., 't"YJe; 07tOta.e; a.~iwp.a. dva.t 'to YEVtXO, crufJ-7ta.pa.'tiOE'ta.t (J.a.~i fJ-E aAAEe;, 'tWV o7toiwv 'to a.~iwfJ-a. dva.t xa'tt E7ttfJ-€pOUe;, xa.t fJ-a.~i fJ-E OEwpiEe; 7tOU a.PVOUV'ta.t EV'tEAWe; 't"YJV U7ta.p~"YJ 't"YJe; WtAOcro- ",' '0 ", I , 'fta.e;· crufJ-7ta.pa.'tt Ena.t fJ-E 'to VO"YJfJ-a. O'tt a.U'tEe; EtVa.t fJ-OVO oracjJOpe7:lKCc;; a.7tO~Ete; 't"YJe; WtAOcrOCPia.e;, 07tWe; Eav 'to cpwe; xa.t 'to crxo'taOt OVOfJ-a~ov'ta.v OWcjJOpe7:lKa do"YJ 'tou cpw'toe;. KIl.L [J-ovo EVil. qnAoO'oqnxo O'uO''t'YJ[J-1l. 7tOU OEV !k[J-EALWVE'tIl.L O'E YEVLXO ll.~tW[J-Il., Oq:,EtAEL vo: Il.7tOXAELO'ed Il.7tO 't'YJ [J-tll. EVLll.tll. tAoC1otjlia OE'I umipXEt Y) tC1'tOptX~ E7tt1toAato'tY)'ta 1tOU a'latjlEp6'f)XE C1't'f)'1 § 13. Eow Y) '10'f)0"'fJ d'lat [J-EC1a C1't0'l Eau'to 't'Y]e;, au'toC1u')'XE'I'tPW[J-E'I'f) xat O'U')'XEXPt[J-E'I'f)' Irzo» E'tC1t Y) '10'f)0"'fJ tjl'ta'lEt C1't'f)'1 aA~6Eta 't'f)e; xat C1'ty) ')'E'ItXo't'f)'ta 'ty)e;, d'lat 'f) iota 'f) tOEa xat 'to A1toAu'to. 0 XE')'xEA Opi~Et 't'f)'1 E'I'IOta «C1uC1'tY)[J-a)) we; [J-ta 'tE'tOta aA~6Eta: C1U')'XEXPt[J-E'IY), au'toC1u')'XE'l'tPW[J-E'I'f) xat ota't'f)pou[J-E'IY) C1E E'Io't'f)'ta, 1tOU E'I01totEi 'ty)'1 EAw6Epia -rou oAou [J-E 't'f)'1 a'la,),xato't'f)'ta 'tW'I [J-EPW'l. MEC1a C1E Eva C1uC1't'Y][J-a xa6E E7tt[J-EpOUe; 1tEPtEXO[J-E'IO u1t'f)pE'td 'to 0'1.0, aAAtWe; 1tpOXEt'tat ')'ta axop7tta atC16~[J-a'ta xat ')''1W[J-Ee;. 'Eva tjltAOC1otjltXO mJC1't'f)[J-a OE'I d'lat Ilia tAoC1otjlia [J-E'ta~u aAAw'I OtatjlopE'ttXW'I a1to au't~'1, aAAa Y) tAoC1otjlia evyevel, ,),ta'ti 'to a~iw[J-a 'tY)e; d'lat xa'tt yevlKo 1tOU C1u[J-itEptAa[J-€la'lEt xa6E E7tt[J-EpoUe; a~iw[J-a. 81 U7tapXEt fJ-OVO we; a6EfJ-EAtW'tYJ 7tPOU7t06EO"Y] ~ we; U7tOXEtfJ-EVtx~ 7tE7tot6YJ()YJ' 7toAM ~tAO()O~txa ~t~Ata 7tEptOpt~OV'tat' E't()t c-eo va Ex~pa~ouv fJ-OVO aza(J~f1ara xat YVWf1ec;. - ME 'tov opo aiotnua EWOOUV Aa6EfJ-EVa fJ-ta IltAO()O~ta, 'tYJe; o7totae; 'to a~twfJ-a ELvat 7tEptOpt()fJ-EVO xat Ota~opE'ttXO a7tO ana. To a~twfJ-a fJ-tae; aAYJ6tv~e; IltAO()O~tae; xapaX'tYJpi~E'tat aV'ti6E'ta a7to 'to o'tt 7tEPtEXEt fJ-E()a 'tou oAa 'ta E7ttfJ-EpOUe; a~t(J)fJ-a'ta. § 15 tKa6E fJ-Epoe; 'tYJe; IltAo()o~iae; ELvat Eva ~tAO()O~tXO OAO, Evae; XUXAOe; 7tOU XAELVE'tat fJ-E()a ()'tov Eau'to 'tou' EV'tOU'tOte; xa6Eva a7to au'ta 'ta fJ-EPYJ 7tEpt'YPa~Et 'tYJ ~tAO()O~tx~ tOEa fJ-E Eva E7ttfJ-EpOUe; opo ~ ()'tOtXELo. 0 xa6E a'tofJ-tXOe; XUXAOe;, E7tEtO~ EV'tOe; Eau'tou a7tO'tEAEL oAo'tYJ'ta, ota()7ta -rov ~paYfJ-o 'tou ()'tOtXELOU -rou xat 6EfJ-EAtWVEt fJ-ta 7tEpat'tEpw ()~aipa' 'to ~tAO()O~tXO OAO 7tapOU()ta~E'tat AOt7tOV we; Evae; XUXAOe; a7tO XUXAoue;, xa6Evae; a7tO 'toue; 07toioue; ELvat Eva avayxaio ()'taotO, E't()t W()'tE 'to crU()'tYJfJ-a 'twv '1" ..1,' ", '1" " totat'tEpwv 't'a()EWV ()UyXpO'tEt 'tYJV OAYJ toEa, YJ 07tOta ofJ-we; EfJ-~avi~E'tat E7tiO"Y]e; fJ-E()a ()E xa6E a'tOfJ-txo ()'tOtXdo. § 16 ME 'tYJ fJ-Op~~ EYKVKAOnaiOewc; YJ E7tt()'t~fJ-YJ OEV EXEt xwpo yta fJ-ta AE7t'tOfJ-EP~ 7tapou()ia()YJ 'twv E7ttfJ-EpOUe;' O~ELAEt va 7tEptOpt()'tEL ()'to ~ExivYJfJ-a 'tWV E7ttfJ-EpOUe; E7tt()'tYJfJ-WV xat ()'tte; ~a()tXEe; 'toue; EWOtEe;. 1. JlepiAI1I!fI1: 0 XEYXEA 1tEptypa~Et EOW 't1)\1 oAo't1)'ta E\lOC; ~tA0C10~txou (j\)C1't~{J.a'toc; {J.EC1a C1E JzaAeKrlK~ (ryJ:C11J -rou ~tA0C10~tXOu OAOU 1tpOC; 'ta {J.Ep1) -rcu. Ka6E {J.EpOC; d\lat E\lac; au'toE)'xAEtO{J.E\lOC; C1'tO\l Eau'to 'tou XUXAOC;, 1tOU Ex~pal;Et {J.E 'to\l 'tP01tO 'tou 'to OAO. 'E'tC1t xa6E {J.EpOC; d\lat a\layxato C1'taOtO 'tou OAOU, 1tOU Ex~pal;Et E~tcrOU xaAa 't1)\1 OA1) tOEa 0C10 xat 'to 1tA~PEC; crUC1't1){J.a. 82 'IIocra areo 't'a fJ-Ep1] xpe:taC:oV't'at yta vo: cruyxpo't'~crouv fJ-ta e:mfJ-EpOUe; e:mcr't'~fJ-1], e:ivat axal:loptcr't'o, e:cpocrov -ro fJ-EpOe;, yta vo: e:ivat xa't't aA1]l:ltVO, oe:v Ocpe:iAe:t vo: e:ivat areAWe; Eva areofJ-ovwfJ-EVO cr't'aoto, aAAa va e:ivat au't'o 't'ou't'o fJ-ta oAo't'1]'t'a. Na yta't'i -eo OAO 't'1]e; ~tAocrocpiae; cruyxpo't'e:i cr't" aA~I:le:ta uia e:mcr't'~fJ-1], aAAa fJ-reope:i e:reiLAOO"O~(IXC:; OEV dVIXL EVIX 1X7WtJ-OVWtJ-EVO O"1:aOLO, IXAAa tJ-LIX lXu6u7tlXpx1:1] OA01:1]1:IX· hO"L 1] LAOO"O~(1X 7tEPLEXEL tJ-LIX 7tA1]6wplX E7tLiJ-EPOUC:; E7tL0"1:1]~V. Ana 1] ~LAOO"O~LX~ EYXUXA07tIX(OELIX OEV OEXE1:IXL IXVE~IX(pE1:1X OAEC:; 1:LC:; E7tL0"1:~tJ-EC:; XIXL 1:LC:; YVWO"ELC:; 07tWC:; iJ-LIX auV1]6LO"iJ-EV1] EyxUXA07tIX(OELIX, 7tOU 7tEPLEXEL EVIX (Jvvov(JvAeV/la (Aggregat) YVWo"EWV. II ~LAOO"O~LX~ EYXUXA07tIX(OELIX IX7tOXAdEL OO"EC:; E7tL0"1:~tJ-EC:; IX7t01:EAOUV EVIX auvov6UAEUiJ-IX YVWO"EWV, ~ 61X0"(~0V1:IXL o"1:1]V lXu6IXLPEO"(1X ~ EXOUV Xa7tOLO «6E1:LXO» (01]A. iJ-1] Op60AOYLXO) XIXPIXX1:~plX. 'EvlX 1:E1:0LO 6E1:LXO XIXPIXX1:~PIX EXOUV OL E7tL0"1:~tJ-EC:; 1:WV 07tO(WV eoxe 1:0 VAlKO d1:E 1] /lOp4>~ du 1:0 yv(t)(J/aKO opyavo EXEL 7tE7tEPIXO"iJ-EVO XlXL EiJ-7tELPLXO XIXPIXX1:~plX. AxotJ-1X XIXL IXV dVIXL EtJ-7tELPLX~ tJ-OVO 1] /lOp4>~ inc; eniainuovnoic nopooaiaanc , IXU1:0C:; dVIXL IXPXE1:0C:; AOYOC:; yLIX VIX IX7tOXAELO"1:d tJ-LIX E7tL0"1:~tJ-1] IXm) 1:1] ~LAOO"O~LX~ EyxUXA07t1X (OE LIX. 83 neipoua xat fJ-e:ptXE~ 7tAe:uPE~ "t'1]~ odxvouv a"t'aiptacr"t'e:~. - Mta qHAocrOCPtX~ EyxuXA07taioe:ta a7toxAde:t "t'pia d01] e:mcr"t'1]fJ-wv: 1) A7tOXAde:t 07tOWO~7t0"t'e: oovovdoseoua yvwaeio» - 07tW~ 7t.x. e:fJ-cpavi~e:"t'at xa"t" apx~v 1] tAoAoyia. 2) A7tOXAde:t e:mcr"t'~fJ-e:~ 7tOU ee:fJ-e:AtWvoV"t'at fJ-ovo cr"t'1]V aueatpe:cria, 07tW~ 7t.x. 1] EpaAOtxN' Ot e:mcr"t'~fJ-e:~ au"t'OtJ "t'ou doou~ dvat nepa yta nepa Betuce«. 3) Ka7tote:~ aAAe:~ e:mcr"t'~fJ-e:~ ovofJ-a~oV"t'at e:7tiG"1]~ (JeW<:8C;, aAAa EXOUV Eva opeoAoytxO ee:fJ-EAW xat ~e:xiv1]fJ-a3. Au"t'o -to crucr"t'a"t'txo av~xe:t cr"t'1] tAocrOCPia' aAAa 1] (JerlK~ nAevpa 7tapafJ-Eve:t toto"t'1]"t'a au"t'wv "t'wv e:mcr"t'1]fJ-wv. To ee:"t'txO cr"t'OtXdo au"t'wv "t'wv e:mcr"t'1]fJ-wv dvat otacpopwv e:towv. 1) To xa"t'a f)acr1] opeoAoytXO "t'ou~ ~e:xiv1]fJ-a fJ-e:"t'a"t'pE7te:"t'at cre: xa"t't "t'uXaio, e:7te:tO~ au"t'E~ ot e:mcr"t'~fJ-e:~ OcpdAOUV vo: u7tayayouv -ro ye:v txO cr"t'1]V ej1neZpZK~ Aenroj1epeza xat npayuaiucoima. MEcra a' au"t'o -ro 7te:oio "t'1]~ fJ-e:"t'af)A1]"t'o"t'1]"t'a~ xat "t'uXato"t'1]"t'a~ oe:v fJ-7topd va tcrxucre:t 1] evvOIa' fJ-7tOPOUV va tcrxucrouv fJ-OVO xa7tota (Jej1eAza. II. X. 1] NOfl.tx~ e:mcr"t'~fJ-1] ~ -ro crucr"t'1]fJ-a "t'wv afJ-e:crwv xat EfJ-fJ-e:crwv cpopwv a7tat"t'ouv xa7tOte:~ reAZKec; «ai aKpz6oAOyeC; a7tocpacre:t~ 7tOU f)picrxov"t'at E~W a7to "t'a Ka(J'-eaVra-Kal-(jz '-eavra-npo(J(jlOpZ(Jj1eVa opui inc eVVOIas' yt' au"t'o e:m"t'pE7tOUV fl.ta e:upu"t'1]"t'a opwv, Ot 2. EPIXAOtX.~ EtVlXt 'YJ EmC1't~(J-'YJ 1tOU IXUAEe:;, Ot OtXOYEVW:e:; ~ Ot "y)yEne:;. II AE~"Y) 1tPOEP'X.E'tlXt a1to 't"Y) Aa'tLVtx~ AE~'YJ heraldus, 1tOU C1Y)(J-atvEL 'to'! Kr,PVKU (0 01totoe:; aV~YYEAAE xa'ta 'to'! MEC1atwva 'tOUe:; m1tone:;, aplX xat 'ta E(J-6A~(J-a'ta roue}. 3. 0 opoe:; «6E'ttX.~ EmC1't~(J-'YJ» YtVE'tlXt EOW C1a~e:; a1to 't"Y)V a'l'tt6EC1~ 'tou 1tpoe:; 't"Y)V EmC1't~(J-'YJ 1tOU E'X.Et Eva 0p(}OAOYIKO 6E(J-EAW xat ~EXt'!'YJ(J-IX. 8E'ttX.~ Etvat Aomov 'YJ efl7re1pIKr, EmC1't~(J-'YJ, 't"Y)e:; o1totae:; 'to UAtxO ~ "Y) (J-E60ooe:; E'X.Et «1tE1tEpaC1(J-Evo 'X.apax't~·plX» (01twe:; AEEt 0 XEYX.EA 1tapax.a'tw) C1E a'l'tt6EC1Y) 1tpoe:; 't'YJV a1tEplXv'tocrUV'YJ C1't'YJV o1tota oO'YJYEt'tat 'YJ AOYtX~ Lx.avo't"Y)'ta. 84 07tOtOt [J-7tOPOUV »« e:XA1]'' '",' 1:' H' - 0 toto 1tpa")1J.a fJ.1tOpEt va EX't'pacr'tEt we; Ec.,Y]e;: EVVOta 'tY]e; Emcr't~fJ.Y]e; xat apa Y] EVVOta fJ.E 'ty]v o1toia ~ExtVOUfJ.E - 1tOU E1tEtO~ dvat Y] 1tPw'ty] , G"UfJ.1tEptAafJ.bavEt Eva otaxwptcrfJ.O avafJ.Ecra cr'ty] vOY]G"Y) 1tOU dvat aV'ttXdfJ.EVO xat ce Eva ('tP01tOV 'ttva E~W'tEPtxO) tjltAocrotjlouv U1tOXdfJ.EVO -, 1tPE1tEt vo: cruAAY]tjl8d a1to 'ty]v iota 'ty]v Emcr't~fJ.y]. Au'to fJ.aAtcr'ta dvat 0 fJ.ovaotxoe; crxo1toe;, a8AOe; xat cr'toxoe; 'tY]e; {(ltAocrotjliae;: va tjI'tacrEt cr'ty]v EVVOta 'tY]e; EVVOtae; 'tY]e; xat E'tcrt cr'ty]v E1taVOOO xat cr'ty]v txavo1toiY]cr~ 'tY]e;. § 18 IA1tO fJ.ta {(ltAocrotjlia OEV fJ.1topd va o08d fJ.E 1tpocrwptVO 'tP01tO fJ.ta 'YEVtx~ 1tapacr'tacry], 'Yta'ti fJ.OVO 'to GAO 'tY]e; Emcr't~fJ.Y]e; fJ.1topd vo: 1tapoucrtacrEt 'ty]v tOEa' OU'tE xat Y] ozaipe(J'7 'tY]e; {(ltAocrotjliae; fJ.1topd va xa'tavoy]8d, 1tapa fJ.ovo fJ.E bacrY] au't~ 'ty]V 1tapoucriaG"Y)2. Y] OtaipEG"Y) dvat 01tWe; xat Y] 1tapoucriaG"Y), a1to 'ty]V o1toia fJ.EAAEt va AY]tjl8d, xa'tt 1tpoxa'tapx'ttxo. AAAa Y] tOEa avaodxvE'tat we; Y] vOY]G"Y) 1tOU 'tau'ti~E'tat a1tOAu'ta fJ.E 'tov Eau'to 'ty]e;, xat 1. flepiA11If111: Eow 1tll.pEXE'ta.t YJ 't'1l.~tvotJ-YJCTrJ OAoXAYJpYJe; 't'YJe; EYXUXAO- 1tll.iOEtll.e;, OYJAIl.O~ 't'1l. tJ-EPYJ srto: 01toill. U1tootll.tpd't'll.t YJ tAocrocpia xa't"avC:[l-E't"at crE 't"pia [l-C:p1): I. Tn AOY1Kr" t5f/Aat5r, tnv emarr,f.1f/ tnc; lt5ear; KaO' eaotnv Kat 151' eavrr,v3• II. Tn cP1Aoao8d E'tO'L TO'tE o[J.we; 'YJ 'X.p'YJO't[J.o't'YJ'ta 't'YJe; rr:.pErr:.Et va. Ex'tt[J.'YJ8d EV'tEAWe; aAAtw'ttxa, arr:.o [J.ta aO'X'YJcrYj 't'YJe; vO'YJcrYje; rcou yivE'tat [J.ovo [J.op4>txa xat [J.ovo yta 'X.ap'YJ 't'YJe; aO'X'YJcrYje;. § 20 I Av rr:.apou[J.E 't'YJV rr:.A'YJO'tEO''tEP~ [J.a<; av'tLA'YJ~'YJ yta 't'YJ vO'YJcrYj, au't~ E[J.4>avi~E'tat a) xa't' ap'X.~v [J.EO'a 0''t'YJ O'uV'YJ8tO'[J.EV'YJ Urr:.OXEt[J.EVtX~ 't'YJe; crYj[J.acr1a we; [J.La arr:.o 'tt<; rr:.vEU[J.a'ttxEe; EVEPYEtE<; ~ 07tOtO 'Ca.U .. d~Et iJ.E 'CYJV a.A~6Eta.. AeEt xa.'Ca Ae~YJ: «To 7tpw'Co EPW'CYJiJ.a. dva.t: IIow dva.t 'Co a.V'CtXdiJ.EVO 'CYJC; E7tter'C~iJ.YJC; iJ.a.c;; H mo a.7tA~ xa.t 7tW EUVOYJ'CYJ a.7tav'CYJCl"Y) er' a.u'Co 'Co EPW'CYJiJ.a. dva.t: a.u'Co 'Co a.ntXdiJ.EVO dva.t YJ aA~(Jeza ... AiJ.eerwc; OiJ.WC; 7tPOXU7t'CEt YJ ever'Ca.Cl"Y): diJ.a.er'CE txa.VOt vo: yvwpterOuiJ.E 'CYJV a.A~6Eta.; <1ia.tVE'Ca.t »o: U7tapXEt iJ.ta. ouera.va.Aoyta. a.vaiJ.Eera. er' EiJ.ac; wc; 7tE7tEpa.eriJ.eVouc; a.v6pw7touC; xa.t er'CYJv a.A~6Eta. 7tOU dva.t a.7tOAU'CYJ' xa.t 'Ct6E'Ca.t 'Co EPW'CYJiJ.a., xa.'Ca 7toero U7tapXEt iJ.ta. ye,pupa. a.vaiJ.Eera. o-ro 7tE7tEpa.eriJ.eVo xa.t o-ro a.7tepa.no. 0 6EOC; dva.t YJ a.A~6Eta.· 7tWC; 6a. 'Cov yvwpterouiJ.E;)). Ka.t ae iJ.ta. OEU'CEPYJ 7tpoer6~xYJ: «Au'Co 'Co 7tEptEXOiJ.EVO, ° tOWC; ° 6EOC;, U7tapXEt er'CYJv a.A~6Eta. -rou iJ.0VO iJ.eera. er'CYJ VOYJCl"Y) xa.t wc; VOYJCl"Y). Eav Aomov e'Cert exouv 'Ca. 7tpayiJ.a.'Ca., YJ crxetjlYJ OEV dva.t a.7tAWC; xa.t iJ.0VO crxetJiYJ, a.AAa dva.t ° a.VW'Ca.'COC;, xa.t o» tow6d a.xpt6eernpa., ° iJ.0VOC; 'CP07tOC; iJ.E -rov 07tOtO iJ.7topd »o: eruAAYJ,p6d 'Co a.tWvtO xa.t 'Co a.7tOAu'CO)). Meera. a.7tO a.u'CO 'Co 7tpteriJ.a. 'CYJC; xa.6a.p~c; VOYJCl"Y)C;, xa.t iJ.aAter'Ca. xa.6oerov YJ Ioea. OEV eXEt a.XO!J.ll. E~W'CEPtxEU'Cd iJ.eera. er'CYJ ,pUCl"Y) ~ a.va.omAw6d wc; 7tVEUiJ.a. (OEC; § 18), 7tpe7tEt vo: xa.'Ca.voYJ6d xa.t YJ 7tEpt6oYJ'CYJ Ota.'CU7twCl"Y) 'Cou XeyxEA, o'Ct 'Co 7tEptEXOiJ.EVO 'CYJC; Aoytx~c; dva.t «YJ 7ta.pouerta.Cl"Y) 'Cou 6EOU, e'Cert 07tWC; a.u'Coc; dva.t iJ.eera. er'CYJv a.twvta. ouerta. 'Cou 7tptv a.7tO 'CYJ oYJiJ.wupyta. 'CYJC; ,puCl"Y)C; xa.t XcX7tOtou 7tE7tEpa.eriJ.evou 7tVEUiJ.a.'COC;)) (Logik I, «e): 44). 1. flepiAI1If1I1: Tt dva.t vOYJCl"Y); l'ta. vo: 7tpoerowpter'Cd E'COU'CYJ, EtVa.t xa.'C' a.PX~v a.7ta.pa.t'CYJ'Co vo: ota.xpt6d a.7tO cXAAEC; 7tVEUiJ.a.'Ctxec; txa.VO'CYJ'CEC;, 07tWC; YJ a.ter6YJCl"Y), YJ 7ta.paer'Ca.Cl"Y), YJ otavota. x'CA. Ka6E 'Ct a.ter6YJ'Co dva.t xa'Ct a.'C0iJ.txo· 7ta.p0iJ.0ta. YJ 7ta.paer'Ca.Cl"Y) xa.t YJ otavota. exouv vo: xavouv 94 tXIl:\lo't'Y)'tEe; Oi71Aa O"E aAAEe;: 0"'t'Y)\I Il:t0"6'Y)0"'Y), 0"'t'Y)\I E7t07t'te:tIl:, 0"'t'Y) CPIl:\I't"ll:crtll:, 0"'t'Y)\I Em6u(J-tll:, 0"'t'Y) 6EA'Y)O"'YJ X'tA. To ttpoiov Il:u't~e; 't'Y)e; E\lEpYEtll:e;, 0 'X.Il:Pll:x't~pll:e; ~ 'Y) (J-opcp~ 't'Y)e; crx.E~'Y)e;, e:t\lll:t 'to yevlK6, 'to Il:CP'Y)P'Y)(J-E\lO E\lyE\lEt. 'Apll: 'Y) vonon we; evepveta e:t\lll:t 'to evepyntix» YE\ltxo, Xll:t (J-aAtO"'t1l: Il:u'to 7tOU E\lEpY07tOte:t -rev EIl:U'tO 'tOU, ytll:'tt 'to EPYO, 'to 7tIl:Pll:yO(J.E\lO, e:t\lll:t Il:xpt6we; 'to YE\ltXO. H \lo'Y)O"'YJ 6EWpOU(J-E\I'Y) we; V710Kelf.1eVO e:t\lll:t xa'tt (JKe717:0f.1evo, Xll:t 0 rno Il:7tAOe; opoe; 7tOU O'Y)AW\lEt 'to u7tap'X.o\l U7tOXe:t(J-E\lO we; crx.E7t'tO(J-E\lO, e:t\lll:t: Eyw. O ':0" " 'A-, t EoW Xll:t (J-Eo"ll: O"'tte; Il:(J-Eo"We; E7tO(J-E\lEe; 7tll:pll:ypll:'t'0ue; (§§) 7tIl:PE'X.O(J-E\lOt OptO"(J-Ot OE\I 7tPE7tEt vo: EXA'Y)cp60u\I we; tcrxuptO"(J-ot ~ we; OtxEe; (J-OU yvtou»; crxE'ttxa (J-E 't'Y) \lo'Y)O"'Y). AAAa 0"' Il:U'tEe; 'He; 7tpOXIl:'tll:pX'ttXEe; 7tll:pll:ypacpOUe; OE\I (J-7t0- pe:t va. yt\lEt xa7tOtll: 7tIl:PIl:YWY~ [1l:7tO YE\ltXO'tEpEe; E\I\lOtEe;] ~ »« o06e:t xa7tOtll: Il:7tOOEt~'Y), yt' Il:u'to ot optO"(J-Ot (J-7tOpOU\I vo: EXA'Y)cp60U\I we; OEOO(J-E\lOt [Facta]. MEO"Il: 0"'t'Y) O"U\le:to'Y)O"'YJ XIl:6E\lOe;, 0 07tOtoe; crx.E7t'tE'tll:t Xll:t E~E'ta~Et, 61l: 6PE6e:t E(J-7tEtptXa o'tt ll:u'tOt Ot optO"(J-Ot ExOU\I -rov 'X.Il:Pll:x't~PIl: 't'Y)e; yE\Itxo't'Y)'tIl:e;, 'to tOto Xll:t Ot OptO"(J-ot 7tOU 61l: Il:xoAou6~0"0u\I. rtll: »a 7tIl:PIl:'t'Y)P~o"E t XIl:\le:te; 'til: OEOO(J-E\l1l: 't'Y)e; O"U\le:to'Y)~e; 'tou Xll:t 'tW\l 7tll:pIl:O"'taO"EW\I -tou, 1l:7tll:t'tEt'tll:t 6E61l:tll: (J-tll: 7tPW'tU'tEP'Y) E~acrx.'Y)O"'YJ 't'Y)e; 7tpoO"o'X.~e; Xll:t 't'Y)e; Il:CPll:tpEO"'Y)e;. 'Ho'Y) (J-Eo"ll: 0"'t'Y)\I 7tll:pouo"ll: 7tpOXIl:'tll:px't tx~ Ex6EO"'YJ , .... ' ':0 A-, , 1:' 6' , yt\lE'tll:t Aoyoe; ytll: 't'Y) otll:'t'0PIl: (J-E'tIl:o,U Il:tO" 'Y)'tOU, 7tIl:PIl:O"'tIl:- 0"'YJe; Xll:t o"XE~'Y)e;. Au't~ 'Y) otll:cpopa e:t\lll:t E~ll:tpE'ttxa O"'Y)(J-Il:\I'ttx~ ytll: va xll:'tIl:\l0'Y)6e:t 'Y) cpuO"'YJ Xll:t 'til: e:to'Y) -rou y\lwPt~Et\l' 61l: e:t\lll:t AOmO\l 'X.p~O"t(J-o »o: E7tE~'Y)y'Y)6e:t EOW Il:u't~ 'Y) otll:cpopa. xupiw<; fl-E a'tofl-txa (= E~a'tofl-tXWfl-Eva, fl-Efl-OVWfl-Eva) xat E7ttfl-EPOU<; 7tpay[l-IX'ta. Ani6E'ta EPYO 'tYJC; VOYJ~AoO"ocp[a OEV Xa.VE~ 't[7ton a.AAo, 7tapa. va. fl-E'tafl-OpcpwvE~ 't~e;. 7tapaO"'ta.o"E~e; O"E o"xE~E~e;, - aAAa. 6E6a~a 7tEpa~'tEpw xa~ 'ty) o"xE'ty) '.1. ' O"XE't'Y) O"E Evvo~a. Ta a~O"eY)'ta. xapax'tY)p[O"'tY)xav fl-E 'toue; opoue;: atout«otnta xa~ CICiOr; aAA~Awv [= E~W'tEp~xo'tY)'ta]- 7tPE7tE~ vo: ()." , 1 I,L ' 1 7tPOO"VEO"OUfl-E O't~ xa~ au'to~ E~va~ o"xE't'E~e; xa~ yEV~xO~ OpOL MEO"a O"'ty) Aoy~x~ ea OE~X'td o't~ Y) o"xE~Y) 07tWe; xa~ 'to YEV~XO dva~ axp~6we; E'tOU'tO: dva~ 0 Eau'tOe; 'tou xa~ 'to a.AAo 'tou, O"uAAafl-6a.vE~ au'to 'to a.AAo xa~ 'to ~E7tEPVa. - xa~ OEV -rou ~ECPEUYE~ 't[7to'ta. E7tE~O~ Y) YAwaaa dva~ 'to EPYO 97 T'le; aXE!.jJlJe;, o€V f1-7topd f1-€ (J..U'1;~V V(J.. €t7twOd '1;t7tO'1;(J.., 7tOU o€V dV(J..t y€vtxo. 'O,'1;t f1-0VO qw vOJ1i(w, dV(J..t Jl1<:O J10V2: (J..V~X€t a' €f1-EV(J.., a' (J..U'1;O '1;0 €7ttf1-EpOUe; rl.'1;0f1-0· £AArl. €rl.V lJ yAwaa(J.. €X~prl.~€t f1-0VO Xrl.'1;t Y€Vtxo, o€V f1-7tOPW V(J.. AEW O,'1;t dV(J..t f1-0VO Jl1C17 J10V YVWJ1YJ. K(J..t '1;0 aveinano, '1;0 auv(J..taOlJf1-(J.. ~ '1;0 (J..taOlJf1-(J.., o€V dV(J..t O,'1;t 7tt0 (J..AlJOtVO, (J..AArl. dV(J..t O,'1;t 7tto (J..~~V'T;O X(J..t (J..V(J..AlJOEe;. 'O'1;(J..V AEW: «'1;0 a 7:0J1 0» , «e7:067:0 '1;0 rl.'1;0f1-0», «€oW», «'1;WP(J..», OA(J.. (J..U'1;rl. dV(J..t Y€Vtxo'1;lJ'1;€e;' '1;(J.. 7trl.V'1;(J.. X(J..t Xrl.O€ '1;t dV(J..t EV(J.. rl.'1;0f1-0, EV(J.. «€'1;OU'1;O», (J..XOf1-(J.. X(J..t (J..V (J..U'1;O dV(J..t (J..taOlJ'1;O, €OW X(J..t '1;WP(J... II(J..pof1-ot(J.. O'1;(J..v AEW: «qW», €VVOW '1;OV €(J..U'1;O f1-0U we; (J..U'1;OV €OW, f1-€ (J..7tOXA€taf1-0 OAWV '1;WV rl.AAwv· (J..AA' (J..U'1;O 7tOU AEW, '1;0 «€YW», dV(J..t 0 X(J..OEV(J..e; f1-(J..e;' X(J..OEV(J..e; f1-(J..e; dV(J..t EV(J.. Eyw 7tOU (J..7toxAd€t (J..7t0 '1;OV €(J..U'1;O '1;OU OAOUe; '1;OUe; rl.nOue;. - ° K(J..V'T; 'X.PlJatf1-o7totlJa€ '1;lJV (J..OE~t(J.. EX~P(J..(l'lj, O'1;t '1;0 Eyw oovooeiei OA€e; '1;te; 7t(J..p(J..(l"T;rl.a€te; f1-0u, (J..AArl. X(J..t '1;(J.. (J..taO~f1-(J..'1;(J.., '1;OUe; 7toOOUe;, '1;te; 7tprl.~€te; X'1;A.:! To Eyw dV(J..t '1;0 x(J..O' €(J..U'1;O X(J..t ot' €(J..U'1;O Y€Vtxo we; Xrl.'1;t XOtvo a€ OAOUe;'" lJ 2. "Was ieh nur meine, ist mein". 0 XE')'Kf;A KIi\lf;t f;OW E\I(J. Af;K'ttKO 7t(J.t1.\liot fJ-f; 'ttt; AE~f;tt; meine (= \lofJ-il:w) - mein (= OtKO fJ-OU) , 7tOU OfJ-oCPW\lOU\I, 1.wpit; OfJ-wt; \I(J. E1.0U\I Kli7tot(J. f;'tufJ-OAo')'tK~ (]U,),,),E\lf;t(J.. A\I(J.OUf;'t(J.t W(]'tO(]O ~f;Klie(J.p(J. 'to (]'Y)fJ-(J.\I'ttKO CPtAO(]oCPtKO \l0'Y)iJ-(1.., o'tt Klief; ')'\lWfJ-'Y) E1.f;t E\I(J.\I U7tOKf;tfJ-f;\ltKO K(J.t lip(J. (J.'tOfJ-tKO 1.(J.p(J.K't~p(J.. 3. ~f;t; 1fJ-. K(J.\I't, Kptt: t: Ka8. AOy. B 131: «To "eyw oxixtoiuu" ocpdAf;t \I(J. unopei \I(J. (]U\lOOf;uf;t OAf;t; 'ttt; 7t(J.P(J.(]'tIi(]f;tt; fJ-0U». E\I't(J.')'fJ-E\lOt; fJ-E(](J. (]'t'Y) fJ-(J.Kp(J.iw\lYI CPtAO(]ocptK~ 7t(J.paoo(]'Yj, 7tOU (J.\I(J.\lf;W\lf;'t(J.t K(J.'ta 'tout; \If;O'tf;POut; 1.pO\lout; 1.ap'Y) (]'to ego eogito (= «f;')'W (])(E7t'tOfJ-(J.t») 'tou K(J.p'tEotou, 0 K(J.\I't 7tPO(]OtOpil:f;t (J.U't~ 't'Y)\I EKCPp(J.(]'Y) Wt;: «K(J.e(J.p~ K(J.'t(J.\lO'Y)(]'Yj» (reine Apperzeption) K(J.t Wt; (J.u'to(]U\ldo'Y)(]'Y). IIpoKf;t't(J.t bEb(J.t(J. ')'t(J. 'to (J.U'tO(]U\lf;tO'Y)'t07tOtOUfJ-f;\lO K(J.t (])(f;7t't0fJ-f;\l0 u7toKdfJ-f;\lO. 4. 0 XE,),Kf;A f;'tufJ-oAo,),d 't'Y) AE~'Y) Allgemeines (= ,),f;\ltKO), K(J.t h(]t b,),al:f;t (J.7t0 (J.u't~\I 'to \l0'Y)fJ-(J.: «Kot\lO ae OAout;)). I'r' (J.u'to K(J.t fJ-tAa (J.fJ-E(]Wt; 7t(J.p(J.Ka'tw ')'t(J. 'to \l0'Y)fJ-(J. 't'Y)t; «KOt\lO't'Y)'t(J.t;». 98 xmvo'tlJ't('l. dv('l.~ [J-~('l. [J-op~ fJ-E "t"a av"t"tKdfJ-EVa, Kat oo"Y)yd"t"at er"t""Y)v ouerta "t"out; Kat er"t""Y)v aA"Y)6tv~ "t"out; utj>~. 2. A7tootow "t""Y) AE~"Y) Sache Wt;: TIpa.yfJ-a (fJ-E KEtj>aAatO TI) ae aV"t"tOtaer"t"oA~ 7tpOt; "t""Y) AE~"Y) Ding (= 7tpa.yfJ-a). 0 XEyKEA EVana.ererEt er"t"tt; EOW 7tapaypa.tj>out; (OEt; § 24) aU"t"Et; "t"tt; ouo AE~Ett;, ana. EXEt Ka"t"a. vou fJ-ta EvvOtOAOytK~ "t"out; Ota.Kpt

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